BEFORE THE
ILLINOIS POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
AMEREN ENERGY GENERATING
)
COMPANY,
)
)
Petitioner,
)
)
v.
)
)
ILLINOIS ENVIRONMENTAL
)
PROTECTION AGENCY
)
)
Respondent. )
PCB 2009-038
(Thermal Demonstration)
PRE-FILED TESTIMONY OF JAMES B. McLAREN, PH.D.
A.
BACKGROUND AND QUALIFICATIONS
I.
My name is James B. McLaren, Ph.D. I am a Senior Scientist with ASA Analysis
&
Communication, Inc. ("ASA"). I have Masters and Doctorate degrees in Zoology from
Pennsylvania State University. My undergraduate degree
is a Bachelor of Science degree in
Fisheries Sciences from Cornell University.
2.
I have over 35 years consulting experience in aquatic sciences, including
extensive experience with 316(a) and 316(b) demonstrations at power plants across the country.
I have designed and supervised several extensive aquatic surveys
of water bodies. My
Curriculum Vitae is attached hereto as Attachment
1.
B.
TESTIMONY
Nature
of the Ecological Assessment ofImpact of Thermal Discharge on the Lake
1.
Ameren engaged ASA to provide an evaluation of the potential for adverse
ecological impacts from a proposed modification to the current site-specific thermal standards
applicable to Coffeen Lake. A thermal demonstration was completed for the Coffeen Power
Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009
Station in 1982 which established the current thermal standard. The current thermal standard for
Coffeen Lake specifies that the months
of May and October fall within the non-summer period
extending from October through May. The current standard is depicted in Attachment
2.
Ameren is proposing to modify the thermal limits for the months of May and October only. The
proposed limits for May and October would be at an intermediate level between summer and
non-summer standards. The relief Ameren
is seeking is graphically depicted in Attachment 3.
2.
ASA assessed whether increasing the thermal limits in May and October from the
current to the proposed limits would be environmentally acceptable to the lake. Our report
entitled "Evaluation
of Potential Adverse Impacts From Revised Site-Specific Thermal
Standards In May and October For Coffeen Lake," dated March 2008 (hereinafter "the ASA
Report"), is attached as Exhibit
II to the Petition in the case.
It
sets forth our detailed
assessment which I incorporate as
if fully set forth herein. In addition, also attached as
Attachment 4 is a revised Figure 2-4 originally provided in the ASA Report as Figure 2-
4.
Revised Figure 2-
4 corrects a mistake in the identification of the four sampling station locations
used by SIUC for sampling water temperature and dissolved oxygen.
3.
We used the EPA'
s 316 (a) Technical Guidance Manual as merely a guide for
structuring our assessment. While Section 316(a) demonstrations are appropriate for new
facilities or facilities with major changes to their operational mode, Coffeen is neither a new
faci lity nor
is it changing any design parameters of its generating equipment that wou l
d affect its
thermal effluent discharge into Coffeen Lake. Ameren is not requesting a new standard, but rather
merely a modification
of Coffeen Lake's thermal limits for only the months of May and October.
We believe that our report appropriately considered the history of Coffeen Lake and the Station and
valuabl
e empirical data
in eval
uating whether Ameren's requested relief wi ll continue to support a
balanced indigenous community
in Coffeen Lake. Coffeen Lake supports a thriving fishery and
2
over a decade of data has been collected with which to evaluate the effects of Ameren's thermal
discharge.
4.
We focused on three primary recreational fish species (referred to as
Representative Important Species or "RIS") in Coffeen Lake using an approach similar to the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Ecological Risk Assessment framework. (United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (1998) Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment.
EP A/630/R-95/002F. Washington, D.C.). Recent 3l6(a) assessments have shown that the
decision criteria from the USEPA Draft 316(a) Guidance is congruent with this more recently
developed guidance for evaluating the adversity
of effects from a wide variety of ecological
stressors. (See Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), 2002, Evaluating the effects
of power
plant operations on aquatic communities: an ecological risk assessment framework for Clean
Water Act §3l6(b) determinations,
EPRI Report 1005337). The Ecological Risk Assessment
framework was developed with considerable scientific and public input, and represents a well-
accepted and up-to-date scientific and regulatory view on approach for assessing ecological
risks.
5.
In this approach, we used multiple lines of evidence for both a retrospective
assessment and a prospective (or predictive) assessment
of the potential risks from increasing the
site-specific thermal standards in the months
of May and October. The investigation relied upon
data collected by Southern Illinois University-Carbondale ("SIUC") for studies ordered by the
Illinois Pollution Control Board ("Board") intended to monitor the thermal effects on the lake'
s
aquatic community arising from the 1997 five-year variance for May and October granted by the
Board.
3
Retrospective Assessment
6.
I will first summarize the results of the retrospective assessment. First, I should
note that retrospective assessments
of RIS provide the strongest evidence of the long-term effects
of periodically higher water temperatures in that such assessments integrate all aspects of the
thermal environment on the life cycle for the fish species and the lower trophic levels in the lake,
such as phytoplankton, epiphyton, macrophytes, zooplankton and benthos. The data collected
by
SIUC and Illinois Department of Natural Resources ("IDNR") since 1997 indicate no
appreciable harm to the populations
of the three RIS -- largemouth bass, channel catfish, or
bluegill
-- caused by the ongoing thermal discharge from Coffeen Power Station. In fact, the
information amassed by SIUC and IDNR confirms a rather robust and healthy fishery. This
would attest to the conclusion that the lake'
s thermal regime
is also suitable for lower trophic
levels that provide forage for these top consumers.
7.
Second, we found that fish populations have indeed adapted and thrived in the
thermal environment
of Coffeen Lake. This includes temperatures well in excess of the
proposed limits being sought for May and October. Operation
of the station during summer
months has resulted
in water temperatures that exceed the limits requested by Ameren in this
proceeding, yet viable populations
of these species have been maintained through natural
reproduction in the lake. These species continue to support a healthy, popular recreational
fishery. In fact, all three RIS exhibit characteristics such as survival, growth, body condition,
population size, and recruitment
of young that are comparable to or exceed those for populations
in other regional and national water bodies. Some annual variability
in popUlation characteristics
of fish species at Coffeen Lake has occurred, such as reported by IDNR, for the relative weight
of largemouth bass. However, as with this example, there has been no sustained declining trend
4
Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009
in relative weight through time. Such annual variability is typical for any sustainable fish
population.
8.
Third, the available data show that fish passage will not be impaired by the
marginal increase in water temperatures during May and October. Prior studies by
ESE (1995)
and
slue (2000) demonstrated the free movement of largemouth bass during warm summer
months to areas in the lake distant from the discharge area. In fact, the proposed increase in May
and October temperature limits would more realistically reflect a natural thermal environment,
where temperatures would increase and decrease more gradually than the abrupt change inherent
in the current limits. I explain in paragraph
12 below why this smoothing out the change in the
shoulder month limits will positively impact the ability offish to move throughout the lake.
9.
Fourth, in prior years where May temperatures were warmer than expected, no
appreciable harm was later observed during the summer months that followed. We specifically
looked at whether increasing temperatures at the edge
of the mixing zone during May via higher
thermal standards would necessarily result in warmer temperatures throughout the remainder
of
the summer. We found that it would not. Attachment 5 is Figure 2-17 of the ASA Report and is
a plot oftotal degree days accumulated during May versus the total degree days during the
subsequent June to October for each of the years 1997 through 2007. The data show there is no
correlation between warmer May temperatures at the edge
of the mix zone, and temperatures for
the remainder of the summer, as measured in degree days. Ambient temperatures and
meteorological conditions during the summer months, in addition to the capacity
of this artificial
cooling lake to hydrodynamically assimilate heat and dissipate it through surface heat exchange
with the atmosphere, likely are the determinative factors for summer lake temperatures. Heat
dissipation to the atmosphere is influenced by ambient air temperature, relative humidity, wind
5
Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009
and wave action, and solar radiation. Daily variations in these factors will counteract heat
retention and eventually control the heat content
of the lake through time.
10.
In
addition, we have also analyzed dissolved oxygen ("DO") data at varying
depths collected by SIUC during 2000,
2001,2003,2004,2005 and 2006 to evaluate whether
dissolved oxygen cumulatively decreased from May through October in Coffeen Lake.
Decreased dissolved oxygen levels often are biotically and abiotically associated with higher
lake temperatures. The results
of this analysis are attached to this testimony as Attachment 6.
The graphs show the water depth at which a DO concentration of 5 mg
/l was first encountered
during each weekly SIUC survey
in each ofthe two segments of Coffeen Lake within its cooling
loop. The graphs illustrate appreciable weekly variability from May through October
in each of
the years studied. Critically, they do not demonstrate a consistent, cumulative decrease in DO as
the summer months progress, (this would have appeared
as continually decreasing depths on the
graphs). Accordingly, an incremental increase in thermal discharge during
Mayor October
should not have a cumulative impact on levels
of DO at depth during the other months. As
discussed above for water temperature, meteorological conditions can modity DO on a daily
basis, which accounts for the weekly variability
in DO observed in the graphs.
11.
Accordingly, there should be no adverse effect on the fishery by the proposed
increase in the thermal standard for May and October.
SIUC Conclusions Regarding the 1999,2001 and 2002 Fish Kills
12.
Before turning to the prospective assessment, I would like to address the matter of
historic fish kills identified in SIUC reports. SIUC studies identified three, possibly four,
thermally-induced fish kills during the
10 years it studied the impact of the discharge on the lake.
According to SIUC, two, possibly three, of these instances occurred in situations where sudden
6
Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009
changes in water temperature resulted in entrapment of fish in coves near the discharge point.
These occurred in 2001 and 2002.
SlUe
indicated a third instance may have occurred in 2005.
slue noted that a sudden increase in water temperature in the mixing zone main channel can
lead to entrapment
of small numbers of fish in coves in near the mixing zone. If high
temperatures persist in the main channel long enough, water temperatures
in these coves will
increase until they are similar to those
in the main channel leading to what slue called "eroded
fish habitat." Again,
SlUe
identified two (2001, 2002) and possibly a third such event (2005) in
the 10 years of its study of the lake.
SlUe
linked these phenomena to fish becoming trapped in
refuges near the discharge because the fish kills were short-lived events that did not continue
even where similar conditions persisted for prolonged periods. When temperatures increase
in
the eastern discharge arm of the lake, fish move away from the eastern arm toward the western
arm where temperatures are typically
10 to 15 degrees cooler. The proposed modification to the
thermal limit could eliminate abrupt changes
in water temperatures in the area near the
discharge, and would more realistically reflect the natural thermal environmental where
temperatures would change more gradually, allowing fish time to acclimate to the warmer
temperatures. Modifying the thermal limit for May to provide a less abrupt change in the
thermal discharge may result
in even fewer incidents of entrapment.
13.
Apart from entrapment, slue did identify one other instance of a thermally
induced fish kill. In July 1999, abnormal meteorological conditions
(e.g.,
prolonged heat and
humidity, reduced wind/waves, and overcast sky), coupled with unusually warm water
temperatures, led to a limited fish kill
(e.g.,
approximately 200 or fewer fish recovered).
However,
SlUe
also noted fish kills arising from extreme weather conditions can be expected in
this region
of the country, whether in cooling or ambient lakes. In the case of the July 1999
7
Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009
incident, for example, similar fish kills were reported at other southern Illinois lakes, including
ambient lakes. At least one
of these fish kills was noted in the slUe Reports. More important,
these kinds
of extreme weather conditions are not typical in May and October. Indeed, of the
three or four thermally induced incidents described
in the 10 years of studies done by SlUe, all
occurred
in July or August.
14.
To put these fish kills in perspective, SIUC reported that the largemouth bass
mortality from the 1999 incident represented the death
of only 1 percent of the population. This
percentage is insignificant
as compared to the estimated 42 percent a
verage total annual
mortality rate that was recorded in Coffeen Lake from 1997 through 2004 that
slue identified in
the same report.
15.
Since 1999, the Station has adopted several measures to avoid thermal conditions
similar to those that might have led to the 1999 fish event. These measures include installation
of a 70-acre supplemental cooling basin in 2000 and a 48-cell helper cooling tower structure in
2002, as well as intensive monitoring of water temperatures at several locations within the
cooling loop. Since the installation
of these enhancements, slue reported no cases of thermally-
induced fish kills, other than the possible 2005 event.
Prospective Assessment
16.
I would like to now turn to a summary of the prospective assessment. The
prospective assessment incorporated existing data on the lake'
s thermal environment and the
thermal requirements
of its fish populations as reported in the literature.
It
assessed the thermal
tolerances and requirements
of the three RIS and compared them to the water temperatures that
could exist during May and October under the proposed thermal standards.
8
Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009
17.
The prospective assessment concluded that the fish species would adapt to the
warmer May and October environments by finding many areas and depths within the lake with
suitable temperatures and dissolved oxygen concentrations.
18.
Studies done by ESE (1995) and Rush of SlUe (2000) indicate that fish indeed
increase their movement in the summer, moving away from the warmer discharge area toward
cooler areas
of the lake, where temperatures are within their temperature tolerance. As I
previously noted, historic thermal data show water temperature variation between the western
and eastern arms
of the lake range 10 to 15 degrees. Similarly, vertical profiling has
demonstrated that temperatures at the edge
of the mixing zone can be up to 18 degrees cooler at
depth than at the near-surface in May, and
13 to 14 degrees lower in October.
19.
In addition to the historic thermal data, we also utilized the results of thermal
modeling done by Sargent
&
Lundy to evaluate future potential near-worst case operating
conditions. The modeling done by Sargent
&
Lundy also demonstrated that warmer May
temperatures would not necessarily result in a carryover effect into later months. Attachment 7
is an enlargement of Figure 4-4 from our report. This figure plots predicted mean daily water
temperatures at the edge
of the mixing zone under maximum station operation from mid-
April to
mid-June, and mid-September to mid-
November under the existing and proposed thermal
standards for May and October, while keeping the existing standards for the other months. As
expected, predicted mean daily temperatures increase at the start
of May under the proposed
standards but quickly begin to converge by mid-
June. Similarl
y, at the start of October the
predicted mean daily temperatures increase under the proposed standards but converge again
with the current temperatures by early November. This modeling shows that increasing the
9
Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009
thermal limits in May would not result in a carry-over effect into the summer months for the
reasons I discussed earlier.
Conclusions
of The Assessment
20.
In summary, I note the following conclusions:
a.
The studies conducted in Coffeen Lake provide evidence that fish
behaviorally adapt to the warmest temperatures in the lake by avoiding them and seeking areas
with cooler temperatures, such
as outside the eastern discharge arm, or at greater depths when
suitable DO concentrations are present,
as in May.
b.
Diversity in water temperatures exist in the eastern and western arms of
Coffeen Lake, and at depth, providing adequate refuge; such temperature diversity would be
advantageous for all fish species. Water temperatures also follow a daily cycle, with
temperatures in the late morning frequently 3-4 degrees Fahrenheit lower than the high daily
temperature occurring in late afternoon or early evening. This daily temperature cycle can
provide opportunity for recovery by fish from warm temperatures.
It
is also possible that fish
populations in Coffeen Lake have evolved physiologically or genetically to adapt
to the higher
summer temperatures.
c.
There are no data that indicate that the proposed modifications to thermal
limits in May and October will have a cumulative impact and result in warmer summer month
lake temperatures or decreased
DO levels in summer months or other months throughout the
year. Further, water temperatures and dissolved oxygen levels that have been associated with
past fish kills would not occur during May and October even under the proposed revised thermal
limits. Accordingly, fish kills are unlikely to result from the proposed revised thermal limits.
10
Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009
d.
The biological data (growth, body weight, size, etc.) ofRIS indicate that
Coffeen Lake is supporting a healthy fishery and that it would continue to do so under the
proposed May and
October thermal limits. Limited fish kills, as observed infrequently
in the
past, have had no detectable long-term effect on the fish populations.
In fact, SIUC has
estimated that the July 1999 fish kill for largemouth bass resulted in a short-term loss
of
approximately 1 percent of the population of this species, compared to a typical annual mortality
(combined natural and fishing mortality)
of 47 percent.
e.
The viability of the RIS populations and their frequently demonstrated
exemplary growth and condition attest to the conclusion that the lake's thermal regime
is also
suitable for lower trophic levels that provide forage for these top consumer
s.
f.
The fish and wildlife that abound in and around Coffeen Lake provides a
vibrant recreational resource for public use and indicates the general environmental quality and
acceptability
of the lake.
g.
The proposed modification of the May and October thermal limits is not
expected to adversely affect the health
of the lake community and will be environmentally
acceptable.
Meeting with the Illinois Department
of Natural Resources
21.
On July
15, 2008, I attended a meeting at the Springfield Headquarters of IDNR
to discuss the relief Ameren is seeking
in this proceeding as well as the ASA Report on the
general health
of the lake. Representatives of Ameren and IDNR were in attendance.
22.
One
of the outcomes of the July 15, 2008 meeting was a request by Ameren that
ASA prepare the outline for a study that would monitor the status
of key fish populations in the
11
Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009
Lake and document the long-tenn effects, if any, of the revised thennal standards for the months
of May and October on these populations.
23.
Assuming Ameren's request for relief is granted, the Company and DNR have
discussed developing study plans that investigate the ability
of fish to avoid exposure to stress by
seeking preferred temperatures within the Lake'
s environment. IDNR annually monitors several
fish species in the Lake and has created an extensive long-tenn database. The study will be
designed to complement and utilize the IDNR data
to the extent possible. Studies will be
conducted under strict quality assurance protocols including Standard Operating Procedures to
ensure reliable data collection.
24.
The study will also evaluate suitable fish species for Ameren'
s cooling lakes in
Illinois.
In
that regard, Ameren has committed to implement, in conjunction with IDNR, a three-
year fish stocking pilot study at the Lake. This study includes Ameren'
s agreement to financially
support a three-year pilot stocking program to introduce suitable species, such as the blue catfish,
to help IDNR better assess the long term nature of maintaining a viable, recreational, resource.
12
Attachment 1
13
ASA Professional Profile
James B. McLaren
Senior Scientist
Dr. McLaren has over
30 years of consulting experi
ence in the aquatic sciences. His clients have
included the electric utility,
oil and gas, and chemical industries, as well as international shipping ,
municipalities and state and federal regulatory agencies.
He has served as a principal , office
manager, technical director, project manager, and expert witness.
He has been responsible for
study design, data analysis, report preparation, and management of analytical and field staff
.
Education
Ph.D.; Penn State University; Zoology; 1979
M.
S
.; Penn State University; Zoology; 1970
B.S.; Cornell University; Fisheries Science; 1968
Professional Affiliations
American Fisheries Society. International Association for Great La kes Research
Experience
CWA §316(a) and (b)
- Technical director, project manager or senior staff member on several
comprehensive fish and shellfish entrainment and impingement impact studies under §316(a) or
§316(b) of the Clean Water Act for power plants located
in New York , New Jersey, Delaware,
Illinois, Missouri, Minnesota, Wisconsin , North Dakota, Arizona, New Mexico,
Texas , North
Carolina , and South Carolina. Examples of water bodies involved include the Great Lakes
(Superior, Michigan, Erie, and Ontario) and Niagara River; the New York Finger Lakes; the
Hudson and Delaware river estuaries; Galveston Bay; major rivers such
as the Mississippi,
Illinois, Missouri, and Wabash
in the Midwest; the Catawba, Broad , Dan , Yadkin , Saluda, and
Seneca river systems
in the Carolinas; and numerous constructed cooling reservoirs in the
Midwest and Southwest. Recently prepared impingement mortality and entrainment (IM&E) study
plans under the
new Phase II 316(b) Rule for over 30 facilities, and providing supervision of
current IM&E studies at
11 facilities. Prior to the new 316 Rule , prepared §316(a) and (
b
)
demonstrations and documents for several generating facilities
in New York and New Jersey,
includi
ng the landmark Hudson River multiplant impact studies in the mid-1970s. Prepared
evaluations
of alternative intake designs, technologies, and operations of cooling water intakes
located at facilities on Lake Erie, the Hackensack River and the Delaware River for NPDES
permit renewals. Evaluated alternative intake screen technologies, such
as fine-mesh Ristroph
traveling screens or dual-flow Beaudrey-type traveling screens and fish return systems at power
plants
on Lake Ontario and Lake Erie, by testing impinged fish recovery and survival.
Aquatic ecology and resource management
- Designed and supervised several extensive
aquatic surveys of water bodies such as the 140-mile Hudson
River estuary, the New York
Harbor and Long Island marine wate
rs, the southwestern shoreline of Lake Ontario, and riverine
systems of New York State. Served
as technical advisor to the New York District of the Army
Corps
of Engineers on potential aquatic resource impacts from the construction of the proposed
Westside Highway Project
in Lower Manhattan under §404. Conducted a two-year seasonal
survey of the distribution, abundance and biological characteristics of yellow perch
in southern
Lake Michigan
to investigate the needs for closure of the commercial fishery by the Illinois
Department of Natural Resources . Managed studies
on the downstream migration of adult
American eels
in the vicinity of the St. Lawrence-FOR H
ydroelectric Project. Conducted fish
habitat assessments using Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) and innovati
ve habi
tat
enhancement techniques.
Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009
ASA Professional Profile
FERC Permitting
- Prepared Initial Consultation Documents, E
xhibit E's and other portions of
FERC license application renewals for h
ydroelectric facilities i
n the Northeast and Pacific
Northwest. Des
ig ned and directed studies on the impacts of turbine entrainment and fish
mortality
at hydroelectric developments on the Raquette and Genesee rivers, New York utilizing
intake and tailrace netting and fixed location hydroacoustics. Assessed riverine impacts resulting
from the operation of numerous h
yd roelectric developments in the Northeast and Pacific
Northwest, involving water and habitat quality, fiow routing and impoundment
level fluctuations.
Assisted in the preparation of a FERC third-party EIS for a proposed 275-mile natural gas
pipeline to be routed through West Virginia , Virginia and North Carolina.
Natural
resource damage assessment
- Served as consultant to the International Tanker
Owner Pollution Federation (ITOPF), the shipping industry and their insurers, and oil and railway
companies to manage the Natural Resource Damage Assessment process and to coordinate with
state and federal natural resource trustees for approx
imately 20 accidental hazardous materials
spills or ship groundings throughout the East and Gulf Coasts, central U.
S. and its territories.
Negotiated settlements for natural resource damages occurring from numerous marine oil or
chemical spills and land-based oil pipeline ruptures, frequently rel ying
on the application of
habitat restoration techniques
to offset the losses of natural resource services.
Aquatic toxicology
-- Laboratory Director and Project Manager for quarterly and annual toxi
city
monitoring of municipal and industrial was
tewater treatment effluents under SPDES permit
requirements,
involving EPA and New York State Bioassay Monitoring guidelines. Monitored and
evaluated impacts from emergency pumping of water from a collapsed western New York salt
mine into the Genesee River,
involving water quality and biological sampling , and intensive
toxic
ity testing. Designed and implemented an investigation of sediment contamination of a
stream that received fly
ash and bottom ash from a coal-fired steam electric generating plant,
using the TRIAD approach , which simultaneously analyzed sediment chemistry , toxicology,
and
macroinvertebrate community effects. Conducted an investigation of the cause of a fish kill in a
water storage pond at a gypsum facility, as related
to surface water runoff and application of
herbicides
in adjoining agricultural fields. Task Leader for an investigation and review of current
organizational structure and practice of state regulatory agencies for water quality monitoring
and
watershed management in the US on behalf of the Ontario Ministry of the Environment.
Selected Publications and Presentations
McGrath, K
.
J
., J.
w. Dembeck IV, J.B
. McLaren,
A.A.
Fairbanks, K
. Reid , and S.
J. Cluett. 2003.
Surface and midwater trawling for American eels
in the St. Lawrence River. In: D.A.
Dixon (ed.) Biology, Management, and Protection of Catadromous Eels. American
Fisheries Society Symposium
33 : 307-313.
McLaren, James
B. and L. Ray Tuttle , Jr. 2000. Fish survival on fine mesh traveling screens.
Environmental Science and Policy 3 (20
00): S369-S376.
McLaren, James B , Thomas H. Peck, William P
. Dey, and Marcia Gardinier, 1988. Biology of
Atlantic tomcod
in the Hudson Ri ver estuary. In: Barnthouse, L
.
W., R.
J. Klauda , D.
S.
Vaughn , and
R.C . Kendall (eds.) Science, Law, and the Hudson River P
ower Plants: A
Case Study
in Environmental Impact Assessment.
American Fisheries Society
Monograph 4.
Hoff, Thomas B
., James B. McLaren, and Jon C
. Cooper 1988. Stock characteristics of Hudson
River striped bass. In: Barnthouse, L.W., R.
J. Klauda , D.
S. Vaughn , and R.L. Kendall
(
eds
.) Science, Law, and the Hudson River Power Plants:
A Case Study in
Environ mental Impact Assessment. American Fisheries Society Monograph 4.
ASA
Professional Profile
Klauda, Ronald J. , James B. McLaren, Robert E. Schmidt, and William P. Dey, 1988.Life history
of the white perch
in the Hudson River, New York. In: Barnthouse, L
.
W, RJ. Klauda,
D.
S. Vaughn , and R.L. Kendall (eds.
) Science, Law, and the Hudson River Power Plants:
A Case Study
in Environmental Impact Assessment.
American Fisheries Society
Monograph
4.
McLaren, James B., John R. Young, Thomas B. Hoff, Irvin R Savidge, and William L. Kirk 1988.
Feasibility of supplemental stocking of age-O striped bass in the Hudson River. In:
Barnthouse, L.W
., RJ. Klauda, D.S. Vaughn , and RL. Kendall (eds.) Science, Law, and
the Hudson River Power Plants: A Case Study in Environmental Impact Assessment.
American Fisheries Society Monograph 4.
McLaren, James
B. , Thomas B
. Hoff
, Ronald J. Klauda , and Marcia N. Gardinier. 1988.
Commercial fishery for striped bass
in the Hudson River, 1931-1980. In: C
. Lavett Smith
(ed.) Fisheries research
in the Hudson River. Hudson River Environmental Society.
State University of New York Press. Albany.
pp. 89-123.
McLaren, James
B. , J.
C. Cooper, Thomas B. Hoff, and V. Lander. 1981. Movements of Hudson
River striped bass. Trans. American Fisheries Society 110
(1): 158-167.
Klauda , Ronald J., William
P. Dey, Thomas B. Hoff
, James B. McLaren, and O.E
. Ross . 1980.
Biology
of Hudson River juvenile striped bass. In: Proceedings of the Fifth Annual
Marine Recreation Fisheries Symposium. Henry Clepper (ed.) Boston, Massachusetts,
March 27-28, 1980.
Smith, C.E
.. , T.H . Peck, Ronald J. Klauda, and James B. McLaren. 1979. Hepatomas in Atlantic
tomcod
Microgadus tomcod
(Walbaum) collected in the Hudson River estuary in New
York.
J. Fish Disease. 2(4): 313-319.
McLaren, James
B. 1979. Comparative behavior of hatchery-reared and wild brown trout and its
relation to intergroup competition in a stream. PhD. Dissertation. Pennsylvania State
University. 163pp.
Campbell, K.P
., Irvin R Savidge, William P Dey, and James B. McLaren. 1977. Recent power
plant impacts
on the Hudson River striped bass (Morone saxatilis) population.
Proceedings of the Conference
on Assessing the Effects of Power Plant Induced
Mortality
on Fish Populations. Presented at symposium, Gatlinburg, Tennessee.
Raleigh ,
R.F. , James B
. McLaren, and D.R Graff
. 1973. Effects of topical location, branding
techniques and changes
in hue on recognition of cold brands in centrarchid and salmonid
fish. Trans. American Fisheries Society 102 (3): 637-641.
Attachment 2
14
Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009
n
105° Monthly A vg
112°
Max - 3% Hrs
A
r
"'
Jan
Feb
Mar
April
May
June July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
\.
~
\
~
89° Monthly A vg
94°
Max - 2% Hrs
Attachment 3
1
5
~,.
~eren
Jan
Feb
\.
Mar
,
April
May
June
~
105° Monthly A vg
112°
Max - 3% Hrs
.A.
,
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
..
1.
J
96° Monthly A vg
102°
Max - 2% Hrs
89° Monthly A vg
94°
Max - 2% Hrs
Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009
Attachment 4
16
Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009
Segment 3
t
N
Segment 2
Dam
Figure 2-4 (Revised). Map of Four Lake Segments Used by SIUC for Sampling Water
Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations (from Brooks
and Heidinger 2006). Sampling Station Locations Depicted by
Numerals 1-4
Attachment 5
1
7
Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009
Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, December 15, 2008
* * * *
* PCB 2009-038 * * * * *
T
h
ennal L
imi t
s P
etiti o
n Support D
ocument - Coff
een P
ower Sl
a
lion
6500 r-------------------------------------------------------------------,
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1997
2002
•
20~5
2001
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2
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2006
2 ~4
•
2003
•
1
•
999
•
1
9
98
•
2000
4000+!------~------~------+_------r_----~------_+------~------~------+_----~
500
550
600
650
7
00
75
0
800
8
50
9
00
950
1000
Total Degree Days for May (1997-2007)
Figure 2-17. Plot
of Total Degree-Days Accumulated during May and during the Subsequent June-October, 1997-2007
STATION OPERATIONS AND TH ERM AL HIS
TOR
Y
2
-21
Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009
Attachment 6
18
Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009
5/1/2000
0
5
10
D
e
15
p
t
20
h
25
30
35
6/1/2000
Coffeen Lake 2000: Levels at which
Smg/L Dissolved Oxygen 1st Encountered
Date
7/1/2000
8/1/2000
9/1/2000
10/1/2000
-+-
Segment 1
--Segment 2
5/1/2001
0
5
10
0
e
15
p
20
t
h
25
30
35
6/1/2001
Coffeen Lake 2001: Levels at which
Smg/L Dissolved Oxygen 1st Encountered
Date
7/1/2001
8/1/2001
9/1/2001
10/1/2001
-+-Segment 1
...... Segment2
Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009
5/1/2003
0
5
10
0
e
15
p
20
t
h
25
30
35
6/1/2003
Coffeen Lake 2003: Levels at which
Smg/L Dissolved Oxygen 1st Encountered
Date
7/1/2003
8/1/2003
9/1/2003
10/1/2003
....... Segment 1
....... Segment2
Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009
5/1/2004
0
5
10
0
15
e
p
t
20
h
25
30
35
6/1/2004
Coffeen Lake 2004: Levels at which
Smg/L Dissolved Oxygen 1st Encountered
Date
7/1/2004
8/1/2004
9/1/2004
10/1/2004
-+-
Segment 1
__ Segment 2
5/1/2005
0
5
10
0
e
15
p
20
t
h
25
30
35
6/1/2005
Coffeen Lake 2005: Levels at which
5mg/L Dissolved Oxygen 1st Encountered
Date
7/1/2005
8/1/2005
9/1/2005
10/l/2005
-+-
Segment 1
___ Segment 2
Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009
5/1/2006
0
5
10
0
15
e
p
t
20
h
25
30
35
6/1/2006
Coffeen Lake 2006: Levels at which
Smg/L
Dissolved Oxygen 1st Encountered
Date
7/1/2006
8/1/2006
9/1/2006
10/1/2006
-+-
Segment 1
~ Segment2
Attachment 7
19
Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, December 15, 2008
* * * * * PCB 2009-038 * * * * *
Thennal Limits Petition Support Document
~
Coffeen Power Station
102
100
98
96
I
94
I
92
I
90
I,
J
I
'"
88
/,,..
I
'
I
'I ,
\.
~
I
,
...
/
86
~
~
u..
84
- Current
-
::l
....
....
co
OJ
82
80
Proposed
OJ
Cl.
Apr 15
Apr 29
May 13
May 27
Jun 10
E
OJ
102
t-
....
100
-
co
OJ
98
S
96
94
92
90
88
86
,.
,-
,
r\.
84
,I
82
80
Sep 15
Sep 29
Oct 13
Oct 27
Nov 10
Figure 4-4. Predicted Mean Daily Near-Surface Water Temperatures at the Mixing Zone
Boundary under
Current and Proposed Thermal Standards for May and
October using 1987 Meteorological Conditions
PROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT
ASAfI2-Mar-08
/Rcv 0
4-7
