BEFORE
    THE
    ILLINOIS
    POLLUTION
    CONTROL
    BOEcEvED
    CLERK’S
    OFFICE.
    CITY
    OF
    JOLIET,
    )
    FEB
    272009
    Petitioner,
    ))
    STATE
    OF
    ILUNOIS
    2
    olIuton
    Control
    Board
    )
    v.
    )
    PCB
    09-025
    )
    (Permit
    Appeal-Water)
    ILLINOIS
    ENVWONMENTAL
    )
    PROTECTION
    AGENCY,
    )
    )
    Respondent.
    )
    NOTICE
    OF
    FILING
    TO:
    See
    Attached
    Service
    List
    PLEASE
    TAKE
    NOTICE
    that
    on
    February
    27,
    2009;
    we
    filed
    with
    the
    Office
    of
    the
    Clerk
    of
    the
    Pollution
    Control
    Board
    — Petitioner’s
    Response
    to
    Illinois
    Environmental
    Protection
    Agency’s
    Post-Hearing
    Brief,
    a
    copy
    of
    which
    is served
    upon
    you.
    Respectfully
    submitted,
    Dated: February
    27,
    2009
    Roy
    M.
    Harsch,
    Esq.
    Lawrence
    W.
    Falbe,
    Esq.
    Yesenia
    Villasenor-Rodriguez,
    Esq.
    Drinker Biddle
    &
    Reath
    LLP
    191
    North
    Wacker
    Drive
    -
    Suite
    3700
    Chicago,
    IL
    60606-1698
    (312)
    569-1441
    (Direct
    Dial)
    (312)
    569-3441
    (Facsimile)
    THIS
    FILING
    IS
    BEING
    SUBMITTED
    ON
    RECYCLED
    PAPER
    CHOI/
    25306658.1

    BEFORE
    THE
    ILLINOIS
    POLLUTION
    CONTROL
    BOARD
    CITY
    OF
    JOLIET,
    )
    Petitioner,
    )
    )
    v.
    )
    PCB
    09-025
    )
    (Permit
    Appeal-Water)
    ILLThOIS
    ENVIRONMENTAL
    )
    PROTECTION
    AGENCY,
    )
    )
    Respondent.
    )
    PETITIONER’S
    RESPONSE
    TO
    ILLINOIS
    ENVIRONMENTAL
    PROTECTION
    AGENCY’S
    POST-HEARING
    BRIEF
    Petitioner,
    City
    of
    Joliet
    (“Petitioner”
    or
    “Joliet”),
    hereby
    responds
    to
    the
    Post-Hearing
    Brief
    of
    Respondent
    Illinois
    Environmental
    Protection
    Agency
    (“Respondent”
    or
    “IEPA”).
    I.
    RESPONDENT’S
    POST-HEARING
    BRIEF
    FAILS
    TO
    ADDRESS
    THE
    ONLY
    ACTUAL
    POINT OF
    CONTROVERSY
    IN
    THIS
    APPEAL
    Respondent’s
    minimalist
    Post-hearing
    Brief
    (“Respondent’s
    Brief”)
    misses
    the
    point,
    and
    mischaracterizes
    (or
    fundamentally
    misunderstands)
    the
    precise
    controversy
    at
    issue
    in
    the
    appeal.
    It
    also
    ignores
    the
    negotiations
    that
    took
    place
    over
    several
    years
    and
    the
    agreements
    reached
    among
    the
    interested
    parties,
    as
    set
    forth
    in
    the
    record,
    including
    the
    conclusions
    of
    IEPA’s
    own
    personnel.
    As
    explained
    in
    detail
    in
    Joliet’s
    Post-Hearing
    Memorandum
    (“Joliet’s
    Memorandum”),
    the
    piy
    actual
    point
    of
    disagreement
    between
    Joliet
    and
    IEPA
    (which
    caused
    IEPA
    to
    deny
    Joliet’s
    requested
    modification
    of
    its
    Land
    Application
    Permit
    (the
    “Permit”))
    was
    whether
    the
    standard
    and
    required
    building practice
    of removing
    topsoil
    before
    constructing
    a
    slab-on-grade
    residence
    is
    a
    factor
    that
    should
    be
    considered
    in
    determining
    the
    allowable
    increase
    of
    radium
    levels
    in
    the
    soils
    from
    Joliet’s
    bio-solids
    program.
    Respondent
    fails
    to
    address
    or,
    indeed,
    even
    THIS
    FILING
    IS
    BEING
    SUBMITTED
    ON
    RECYCLED
    PAPER

    acknowledge,
    this
    central
    issue.
    Instead,
    Respondent
    appears
    to argue
    that
    y
    increase
    in
    radium
    levels
    in
    soils
    to
    which bio-solids
    are
    applied
    is
    a
    per
    se
    violation
    of
    the
    Illinois
    Environmental
    Protection
    Act
    (“Act”),
    415 ILCS
    5/1
    et
    seq.,
    Sections
    12
    and
    39, and
    therefore
    the
    requested
    increase
    in
    the
    permissible
    radium
    levels
    as
    set
    forth
    in
    the Permit
    (from
    0.4
    picoCuries
    per
    gram
    (pCi/g)
    to
    1.0
    pCi/g)
    violates
    the
    Act
    and must
    be
    denied.
    (Respondent’s
    Brief,
    at
    3).
    The
    firstflaw
    in
    Respondent’s
    argument
    is
    that
    because
    this
    case is
    about
    the
    permitted
    increase
    in
    radium
    levels
    in
    soils
    (specifically,
    what
    the
    allowable
    level
    should
    be),
    it
    is
    simply
    not
    the case
    that
    jy
    increase
    is
    a
    violation
    of
    the
    Act.
    Therefore,
    this
    premise
    must
    be
    rejected.
    Neither
    the
    Act
    nor
    any regulations
    promulgated
    under
    the Act
    contain
    any
    specific
    limitations
    on
    radium
    levels
    in
    soils.
    Consequently,
    Respondent
    relies
    heavily
    on
    the
    1984
    Memorandum
    of
    Agreement
    between
    IEPA
    and
    the
    Illinois
    Emergency
    Management
    Agency
    (“IEMA”)
    that
    set
    a
    limit
    of
    0.1
    pCi/g
    of
    radium
    for
    land applications
    of
    sewage
    sludge,
    arguing
    that
    anything
    in
    excess
    of
    that
    level
    ‘causes
    water
    pollution’
    and is
    a
    violation
    of
    the
    Act.
    (Respondent’s
    Brief,
    at
    3). But,
    in
    so
    arguing,
    Respondent
    loses
    sight
    of
    the
    fact
    that
    IEPA
    itself
    issued
    Joliet’s
    Permit
    with
    Special
    Condition
    2
    that
    allowed
    a
    level
    of
    0.4
    pCi/g.
    Clearly,
    even
    if
    the
    MOA
    set
    an
    enforceable
    standard
    under
    the
    Act
    (which
    it
    does
    not,
    as
    discussed
    further
    below),
    land
    application
    of
    radium
    in
    excess
    of
    0.1
    pCi/g
    of
    the
    background
    level
    is
    not
    a
    violation
    of
    the
    Act
    as
    asserted
    by
    Respondent
    in
    its
    denial
    because
    the
    Permit
    already
    allows
    for
    this.’
    Thus,
    Respondent
    states,
    “Even
    more
    specifically,
    the
    causing,
    threatening
    or
    allowing
    of
    the
    discharge
    of
    contaminants
    which
    might
    cause
    or
    tend
    to
    cause
    water
    pollution
    will
    occur
    because
    the
    Petitioner
    is
    seeking
    an
    increase
    in
    soil
    radium
    from
    0.1
    pCi/g
    above
    background
    levels
    to
    1.0
    pCilg
    above
    background
    levels,
    which
    will
    exceed
    the
    limit
    set
    in
    the
    Memorandum
    of
    Agreement
    (“MOA”)
    between
    Illinois
    EPA
    and
    Illinois
    Emergency
    Management
    Agency.”
    (Respondent’s
    Brief
    at
    3).
    -2-

    Respondent’s
    position
    that
    any
    land application
    of
    bio-solids
    in
    excess
    of
    0.1
    pCilg
    is
    a
    violation
    of
    the
    Act
    is
    simply
    wrong.
    The
    second
    basic flaw
    in
    Respondent’s
    Brief
    is
    that Respondent
    steadfastly
    refuses
    to
    acknowledge
    (or
    perhaps
    does
    not understand)
    that
    the
    practical
    Permit
    limitation
    of
    0.4
    pCi/g
    of
    radium
    in
    excess
    of
    background
    that
    was
    allowed
    under
    the
    Land
    Application
    Permit
    was
    a
    level
    that
    was derived
    from
    modeling
    the acceptable
    radiation
    dose—i
    0
    millirems—that
    all
    concerned
    (Joliet,
    IEPA
    and
    IEMA)
    agreed
    is
    protective.
    (Joliet’s
    Memorandum,
    at
    21).
    The
    limitation
    of
    0.4
    pCi/g
    in
    Special
    Condition
    2
    was
    not
    a level
    that
    was
    chosen
    because
    radium
    at
    that
    level
    (0.4
    pCi/g
    or
    below)
    did
    not cause
    “water
    pollution”
    under
    Section
    12
    of
    the
    Act.
    This
    fundamental
    point
    must
    be
    understood
    before
    one
    can
    consider
    the
    ultimate
    question
    of
    whether
    granting
    the
    requested
    modification
    would
    cause
    a
    violation
    of
    the Act.
    2
    Respondent’s
    contention
    that
    anything
    above
    0.4 pCi/g
    of
    radium
    violates
    the
    Act
    is,
    therefore,
    fatally
    flawed,
    and
    one
    must
    examine
    the
    origin
    of
    Special
    Condition
    2
    to
    determine
    if
    Joliet’s
    requested
    modification
    would,
    in
    fact,
    cause
    a
    violation
    of
    the
    Act.
    Therefore,
    because
    all
    agree that
    10
    millirems
    is
    an
    acceptable
    radiation
    dose,
    the
    real
    issue
    in
    this
    appeal,
    as
    explained
    in
    detail
    in
    Joliet’s
    Memorandum,
    is
    whether
    Joliet
    or
    JEPA
    is
    correct
    as
    to
    the
    proper exposure
    model
    inputs
    to
    use
    when
    calculating
    the
    radiation
    dosage.
    The
    only
    material
    difference
    in
    the
    modeling
    is
    the
    assumption
    made
    as
    to
    whether
    topsoil
    is
    usually
    removed
    as
    part
    of
    slab-on-grade
    residential
    construction
    (which
    then
    determines
    whether
    0.4
    pCi/g
    or
    1.0
    pCi/g
    is
    the
    appropriate
    radium
    limitation).
    2
    The
    perplexing
    failure
    of
    counsel
    for
    Respondent
    to
    grasp
    the
    most
    fundamental
    point
    of
    the
    permit
    appeal
    may
    have
    something
    to
    do
    with
    the
    fact
    that
    no
    IEPA
    witnesses
    were
    presented
    at
    the
    hearing,
    nor
    did
    any
    IEPA
    representatives
    attend,
    and
    so
    presumably
    have
    not
    been
    intimately
    involved
    with
    crafting
    Respondent’s
    legal
    position
    in
    this
    matter.
    -3-

    Rather
    than
    address
    this
    issue head-on,
    Respondent
    states
    that
    “Petitioner
    goes to
    great
    lengths
    to
    show
    this
    increase
    in
    the
    concentration
    of
    radium
    in
    the
    soil
    and
    hence
    the
    increased
    risk to
    the
    population
    is
    insignificant.
    That
    is
    beside
    the
    point”
    (Respondent’s
    Brief,
    at
    4).
    In
    fact,
    that is
    precisely
    the
    point.
    3
    As
    the
    Petitioner,
    Joliet’
    s
    burden
    is
    to
    show that,
    as
    reflected
    in
    the record,
    Joliet’s
    bio-solids
    program
    would not
    cause
    a
    violation
    of
    the Act or
    applicable
    regulations,
    or
    otherwise
    would
    cause
    harm
    or
    undue
    risk
    to
    human
    health
    or
    the
    environment,
    if
    Permit
    Condition
    2 had
    been modified
    as
    Joliet
    had
    requested.
    Joliet
    has
    met
    that
    burden.
    Joliet
    has shown
    with
    copious
    citations
    to
    the
    evidence
    in
    the
    record
    before
    the
    agency,
    including
    information
    submitted
    by
    Joliet’s
    experts
    and statements
    by
    IEPA’s
    own
    personnel,
    the
    applicable
    building
    codes
    in
    the
    Joliet
    area mandate
    that
    topsoil
    must
    be
    removed
    for
    structural
    reasons
    before
    beginning
    construction
    of
    slab-on-grade
    residential
    struQtures.
    (Petitioner’s
    Memorandum,
    at
    24-25).
    Because
    such
    topsoil
    is
    removed
    before
    building
    a
    house
    as
    part
    of
    good construction
    practice,
    not
    to
    mention
    being
    required
    by
    applicable
    building
    codes,
    the
    risk
    of
    exposure
    to
    elevated
    radium
    levels
    caused
    by
    previous
    bio-sOlid
    application
    on
    the
    land
    is
    greatly
    reduced,
    and
    the
    exposure
    model
    should
    take
    this
    into
    consideration
    in
    calculating
    the
    total
    land application
    limits
    for
    bio-solids
    based
    on
    a
    10
    millirem
    safe
    exposure
    level.
    (Id.)
    As
    set
    forth
    in
    detail
    in
    Petitioner’s Memorandum,
    Joliet
    has
    shown,
    as
    the
    record
    before
    the
    agency
    reflects,
    that
    the
    modification
    of
    Special
    Condition
    2
    from
    0.4
    pCi/g
    to
    1.0
    pCi!g
    will
    not cause
    a
    violation
    of
    the
    Act,
    that
    Joliet’
    s
    program
    of
    land
    application
    is
    safe,
    and
    that
    a
    more
    Respondent
    seems
    to
    imply
    that
    the
    question
    of
    whether
    the
    proposedmodification
    is
    protective
    of
    human
    health
    and
    the
    environment
    is
    an
    irrelevant
    consideration,
    and
    that
    the
    only
    issue
    is
    whether
    a
    violation
    of
    the
    Act
    would
    result
    from
    issuance
    of
    the
    Permit
    modification.
    (Respondent’s
    Brief
    at
    4).
    If
    this
    is
    the
    case,
    however,
    Joliet
    should
    win
    this
    appeal,
    because
    there
    are
    no
    radium
    limits
    to
    violate,
    either
    in
    the
    Act
    or
    any
    applicable
    regulations.
    Respondent’s
    argument
    begs
    the
    question,
    because
    the
    fact
    is
    that
    the
    limitation
    in
    Special
    Condition
    2
    is
    based
    on
    an
    analytical
    model
    which
    is
    specifically
    designed
    to
    determine
    what
    is
    protective
    of
    human
    health
    to
    set
    the
    appropriate
    soil
    application
    limit
    as
    to
    radium.
    -4-

    stringent
    limitation
    in
    Special
    Condition
    2
    is not
    necessary.
    Joliet
    prefihled
    its.
    testimony
    in this
    case
    which
    gave
    Respondent,
    and
    IEPA
    and
    JEMA
    personnel,
    the
    opportunity
    to
    review
    it
    prior
    to
    hearing.
    As
    this
    was
    discussed
    in detail
    in
    Petitioner’s
    Memorandum,
    Joliet
    will
    not
    repeat
    its
    copious
    citations
    to
    the
    record
    here,
    except
    to emphasize
    a few
    major
    points.
    First,
    JEPA
    agreed
    with
    many
    of the
    conclusions
    supported
    in
    the
    reports
    and
    documents
    prepared
    by
    Joliet’s
    witnesses
    as
    evidenced by
    Mr.
    Jeff
    Hutton’s
    July
    18,
    2007
    internal
    IEPA
    memorandum.
    (R35-R37).
    Mr.
    Hutton concluded:
    If the
    Agency allows
    an
    increase
    of 1.0
    pCi/g
    above
    background
    and
    assumes
    removal
    of
    the
    topsoil
    under
    the
    structure,
    it
    will
    be protective
    of
    human
    health
    This
    is the
    same
    increase
    above
    background
    as
    is allowed
    under
    Wisconsin’s
    rules
    and
    results
    in
    less
    than
    10
    mrem!year
    exposure
    based
    on Joliet’s
    model.
    ***
    The
    Agency
    should
    propose
    an
    allowable
    increase
    of
    1.0
    pCilg
    in
    soil
    radium
    based
    on
    the
    RESRAD
    scenariO
    where
    the
    exposed
    individual
    is
    a suburban
    dweller
    living
    in
    a
    house
    where
    the
    topsoil
    has
    been
    removed
    during
    the
    construction
    of that
    house.
    (R37).
    Mr.
    Hutton
    also
    agreed
    with
    the
    conclusions
    of
    Joliet’s
    expert,.
    Dennis
    Duffield
    of
    Rogina
    &
    Associates,
    who
    opined
    that
    it is
    common
    home
    construction
    practice
    to
    remove
    topsoil
    prior
    to
    building,
    and
    that
    all
    of the
    communities
    that
    participate
    in
    Joliet’s
    bio-solids
    program
    have
    building
    codes
    that
    require
    removal
    of
    topsoil
    prior
    to
    construction
    of
    the
    home
    or
    building.
    (R5
    1 -R52).
    Mr.
    Hutton
    indicated
    in
    his
    July
    2007
    memorandum
    that
    he
    contacted
    several
    builders
    selected
    at random
    from
    the
    phone
    book
    and
    all
    said
    the
    same
    thing:
    “The
    top
    3
    feet
    of
    soil
    is removed
    prior
    to
    construction
    so that
    the
    footings
    of the
    structure
    are below
    the
    frost
    line.”
    (R35).
    JEPA
    therefore
    agrees
    with
    Joliet’s
    assertion
    that
    when
    using
    the
    appropriate
    input
    values
    in
    the
    RESRAD
    model
    utilized
    by
    Joliet
    and
    IEMA,
    the
    results
    conclude
    that
    the
    dose
    is
    under
    the
    10
    millirems
    deemed acceptable
    by all
    parties.
    (Id.).
    Thus,
    the
    appropriate
    radium
    limitation
    in
    Special
    Condition
    2
    should
    be
    1.0
    pCi/g,
    based
    on
    these
    assumptions.
    -5-

    Second,
    to
    evaluate
    the
    concerns
    expressed
    by
    TEMA,
    Joliet’s
    expert,
    Mr. Duffield,
    calculated
    that
    the
    increased
    radiation
    exposure
    would be
    15
    millirems,
    as
    opposed
    to
    10
    millirems,
    if
    one
    were
    to
    assume,
    for
    the
    purposes
    of
    the
    radiation
    model,
    a
    house
    where
    the
    builder
    had foolishly
    and illegally
    built
    a
    slab-on-grade
    house
    over
    topsoil
    to
    which
    bio-solids
    had
    been
    applied.
    (D.
    Duffield
    15:20-16:4,
    Exhibit
    4,
    at
    15).
    To
    put
    this
    risk
    associated
    with
    this
    5
    millirem
    difference
    in
    perspective,
    Joliet’s
    expert
    Eli
    Port
    characterized
    the
    difference
    between
    the
    two
    radiation
    exposure
    levels
    (15
    millirems
    compared
    to
    10)
    as
    less
    than
    the
    difference
    between
    living
    in
    a brick house
    verses
    a
    frame
    house.
    (E.
    Port
    23:14-24:9).
    Third,
    as
    to
    the
    actual
    heath
    risk
    that
    the
    10
    millirem
    exposure
    level
    actually
    poses
    to
    human
    health,
    Dr. Richard
    E.
    Toohey,
    who
    the
    Board
    should
    remember
    from
    his
    past
    testimony
    regarding
    radium
    drinking
    water
    standards,
    stated
    the
    following
    in
    his
    pre-filed
    testimony:
    [It]
    is
    clear
    from
    the
    human
    data
    that
    the
    LNT
    [linear
    no-threshold]
    model
    is
    conservative,
    that is,
    it
    overestimates
    the
    actual
    risk.
    Consequently,
    the
    calculated
    risk
    froth
    disposal
    of
    radium-bearing
    sludge
    on
    agricultural
    land
    at
    a
    level
    that
    results
    in
    a
    radiation
    dose
    of
    10
    mrem per
    year
    or
    less
    is
    an
    extreme
    upper
    limit
    on
    the true
    risk,
    which
    may
    well
    be
    zero.
    The
    disposal
    of
    radium-bearing
    sludge
    on
    agricultural
    land
    with
    a total
    accumulative
    increase
    of
    radium
    not
    to
    exceed
    1.0
    pCi/g
    of
    soil satisfies
    all
    three
    of
    the
    basic
    principles
    of
    radiation
    protection:
    justification,
    limitation,
    and
    optimization.
    Therefore,
    the
    petition
    of
    the
    City
    of
    Joliet
    should
    be
    granted
    and
    the
    permit
    send
    back
    to
    IEPA
    to
    reissue
    accordingly.
    (R.
    Toohey
    28:16- 29:6,
    Exhibit
    10,
    atp.
    6)(emphasis
    added).
    While
    Respondent
    cites
    to
    Dr.
    Toohey’s
    hearing
    testimony
    in
    its
    Brief,
    it
    mischaracterizes
    his
    actual
    conclusion.
    Respondent
    states
    that
    “Dr.
    Richard
    Touhey
    [sic]
    testified
    that an
    increase
    in
    the
    concentration
    of
    radium
    would
    lead
    to
    an
    increased
    dose
    and
    assumed
    for
    regulatory
    purposes
    an
    increased
    risk.”
    (Respondent’s
    Brief,
    at
    4).
    However,
    examination
    of
    the
    entire
    quote
    from Dr.
    Toohey
    shows
    the
    true
    point
    of
    Dr.
    Toohey’s
    testimony:
    -6-

    Q.
    [by
    Mr.
    Karrj:
    Page
    2 of
    your
    testimony,
    right
    about
    the
    middle
    there’s
    a
    sentence
    that
    says,
    the
    important
    thing
    to
    note
    is
    that
    the
    limits
    are
    for
    dose
    because
    potential
    risks
    to human
    health
    from
    radiation
    exposure
    are
    assumed
    to
    be
    directly
    proportional
    to
    the
    radiation dose
    received.
    And
    the
    question
    I have
    is
    if
    there
    is an
    increase
    in
    the
    concentration
    of
    the—I
    guess
    in this
    case
    radium,
    does
    that
    lead
    to
    a greater
    dose
    or
    exposure?
    A.
    Yes.
    An
    increase
    in
    radium
    would
    lead
    to greater
    dose.
    The
    question
    is
    does
    a slight
    increase
    in dose
    really
    cause
    an
    increase
    in
    risk?
    We
    assume
    it
    does
    for regulatory
    purposes,
    but
    there’s
    no
    convincing
    evidence
    of
    these
    levels
    of
    dose
    that
    it actually
    does
    increase
    the
    risk
    in
    any
    measurable
    fashion.
    (R.
    Toohey,
    30:19-31:11
    )(emphasis
    added).
    Tellingly, Respondent
    presented
    no witnesses
    at the
    hearing
    from
    IEPA,
    or
    even
    IEMA,
    in an
    attempt
    to rebut
    Joliet’s
    testimony
    and,
    thus,
    the
    record
    is
    bereft
    any
    information
    that
    would
    dispute
    or
    challenge
    the
    testimony
    and
    assertions
    of
    Joliet’
    s experts.
    It is
    well-settled
    that
    the
    Board
    must
    make
    its
    determination
    based
    on
    the
    information
    contained
    in
    the
    record.
    415
    ILCS
    5/40(e)(3)(2007);
    Citizens
    Utilities
    Company
    v.
    Illinois
    Environmental
    Protection
    Agency,
    PCB
    85-140,
    March
    9,
    1989
    (Slip.
    op.
    3).
    As
    set
    forth
    above,
    and
    in Joliet’s
    Memorandum,
    there
    is
    substantial
    evidence
    in
    the
    record
    that
    supports
    Joliet’
    s contention
    that
    a
    modification
    of
    its
    current
    permit
    limitation
    to
    1.0
    pCi/g
    is
    safe
    and
    protective
    of
    human
    health
    and
    the
    environment,
    and
    will
    not
    cause
    a
    violation
    of
    the
    Act
    or applicable
    regulations.
    A
    permit
    condition
    that
    is
    not
    necessary
    to accomplish
    the
    purposes
    of
    the
    Act
    or
    Board
    regulations
    is
    arbitrary
    and
    unnecessary
    and
    must
    be
    deleted
    from
    the
    permit.
    Browning-Ferris
    Industries
    of
    Illinois,
    Inc.
    v.
    PCB,
    179
    Ill.
    App.
    3d
    598,
    603,
    534
    N.E.
    2d
    616,
    620
    (2d
    Dist.
    1989).
    Based
    on
    the
    facts
    presented
    in
    the record,
    the
    limitation
    contained
    in
    Special
    Condition
    2
    is
    arbitrary
    and
    unnecessary,
    and
    the
    Board
    should
    overturn
    IEPA’s
    decision
    to
    deny
    Joliet’s
    request
    to
    modify
    Special
    Condition
    2
    from
    0.4
    to
    1.0
    pCi/g.
    -7-

    II.
    NEITHER
    THE 1984
    MOA NOR
    THE “DRAFT”
    MOA
    REFERENCED
    IN
    RESPONDENT’S
    BRIEF
    IS
    ENFORCEABLE,
    AND
    NEITHER
    CAN BE
    USED
    AS
    A
    BENCHMARK
    FOR VIOLATION
    OF
    THE
    ACT
    As
    noted above,
    Respondent’s
    Brief
    relies heavily
    on
    the
    0.1
    pCi/g radium
    level
    expressed
    in
    the
    1984
    MOA
    to
    support
    its
    contention
    that
    any
    land
    application
    of
    sewage
    sludge
    that
    exceeds
    that
    limit
    is
    a
    violation
    of
    the
    Act.
    As
    explained
    in
    Petitioner’s
    Memorandum,
    hot
    only
    does
    the
    specific
    limitation
    in
    the
    1984
    MOA
    constitute
    an
    impermissible
    rulemaking
    without
    following
    proper
    rulemaking procedures
    under
    the
    Administrative
    Procedures
    Act
    (“APA”),
    5
    ILCS
    100/5-40,
    Respondent’s
    reliance
    on
    the
    MOA
    as
    justification
    for
    denial
    of
    the
    requested
    Permit
    modification
    is
    misplaced
    because
    JEPA
    has disregarded
    the
    MOA
    by
    issuing
    the
    Permit with
    a
    limit
    of
    .4
    pCi/g
    in
    Special
    Condition
    2—a
    limit
    that
    is
    supposedly
    prohibited
    under the
    same
    MOA.
    (Petitioner’s
    Memorandum,
    at
    26-28).
    Respondent’s
    Brief
    adds
    a
    new
    twist,
    however,
    referencing
    a
    “draft”
    MOA
    that
    Respondent
    claims
    was
    developed
    between
    IEPA
    and
    IEMA,
    assumedly
    in
    the
    context
    of
    Joliet’s
    negotiations
    with
    these
    agencies
    regarding
    the
    Permit radium
    limitations.
    (Respondent’s
    Brief
    at
    1-2).
    Notwithstanding
    that
    the
    cite
    provided
    by
    Respondent
    to
    the
    record
    (R29)
    is
    to
    a
    letter
    from
    the
    City
    of
    Joliet
    and
    not
    to
    any
    such
    draft
    MOA
    document,
    and
    that
    scouring
    the
    record
    reveals
    no
    document
    purporting
    to
    be
    a
    draft
    MOA
    (and
    therefore,
    cannot
    be
    considered
    by
    the
    Board),
    Respondent’s
    appeal
    to
    this
    phantom
    document
    is
    unavailing,
    for
    two
    reasons.
    First, just
    as
    with
    the
    1984
    MOA,
    the
    “draft”
    MOA
    purporting
    to
    incorporate
    the
    higher
    negotiated
    radium
    limit
    of
    0.4
    pCi/g
    is
    equally
    as
    unenforceable
    as
    a benchmark
    for
    violation
    of
    the
    Act, as
    it
    constitutes
    an
    improper
    rulemaking.
    In
    fact,
    given
    that
    ]EPA
    references
    the
    document
    only as
    a
    “draft,”
    one
    is forced
    to
    assume
    that
    this
    document
    was
    never
    finalized,
    and
    is
    therefore
    even
    less
    significant
    in
    this
    context
    than
    the
    1984
    MOA.
    -8-

    More importantly,
    however, Respondent’s
    reference
    to
    this
    document
    in
    such
    context
    dispels
    any
    myth
    that
    such
    MOAs
    require
    the
    inclusion
    of a
    suitable
    radium
    limitation
    in
    a land
    application
    permit.
    In
    fact,
    it
    the
    reverse
    is true: it
    seems
    clear
    that
    such
    a revised
    “draft”
    MOA
    would
    have
    been
    the
    result
    of
    the
    negotiations
    between
    IEPA,
    IEMA
    and
    Joliet
    in
    the
    context
    of
    Joliet’
    s
    request
    for
    an
    increase
    in
    the
    radium
    limitation,
    rather
    than
    the
    prospective
    authorization
    (or,
    indeed,
    a
    mandate)
    for
    such
    an
    increase. Neither
    the
    1984
    MOA,
    nor
    the
    purported
    “draft”
    MOA,
    could
    have
    been
    the
    legal
    basis
    or
    authorization
    for
    the
    radium
    limitation
    that
    was
    the
    subject
    of
    negotiations
    between
    JEPA
    and
    Joliet.
    Thus,
    Respondent’s
    appeal
    to
    the
    MOAs
    as
    the
    benchmark
    for
    establishing
    a violation
    of
    the
    Act
    is
    unavailing,
    and
    should
    be
    easily
    dismissed
    by
    the
    Board.
    III.
    CONCLUSION•
    This
    case
    must
    be put
    in perspective.
    Joliet’s
    appeal
    of
    IEPA’s
    denial
    to
    increase
    the
    allowable
    calculated
    concentration
    of
    radium
    in
    soils
    resulting
    from
    the
    application
    of
    Joliet’s
    bio-solids
    from
    the
    presently
    permitted
    value
    of
    0.4
    pCi/g,
    to
    1.0
    pCi/g,
    involves
    only
    one
    narrow
    issue,
    potentially
    impacting
    only
    a
    small
    number
    of people,
    concerning
    a risk
    that,
    if
    it
    exists
    at
    all,
    is
    vanishingly
    small.
    While the
    risk
    of
    impact
    to human
    health
    is
    either
    miniscule
    or
    in
    fact
    non-existent,
    the
    continued
    viability
    of
    Joliet’s
    land
    application
    program
    is
    at
    stake,
    with
    a
    current
    net-worth
    economic
    impact
    to Joliet
    in
    excess
    of
    $40
    million,
    if
    it is
    forced
    to
    chose
    the
    less
    environmentally-friendly
    alternative
    of
    landfilling
    its
    bio-solids.
    Contrary
    to
    Respondent’s
    apparent
    misunderstanding
    of
    the
    record
    before
    the
    agency,
    IEPA,
    IEMA
    and
    Joliet
    have
    agreed
    that
    an
    increase
    in
    radium
    concentration
    in the
    soil
    in
    farm
    fields
    is
    acceptable
    and
    permissible
    pursuant
    to
    Special
    Condition
    2
    of
    Joliet’s
    Permit.
    This
    increase
    does
    equate
    to
    water
    pollution
    as
    argued
    by
    Respondent.
    IEPA,
    JEMA
    and
    Joliet
    -9-

    reached agreement
    that
    this
    increasô should
    be
    limited
    to
    a
    concentration
    that
    would
    not
    result
    in
    an
    unacceptable
    level
    of
    risk
    to
    those who
    might
    reside
    in
    houses
    that
    might
    subsequently
    be
    built
    on
    these
    lands
    where
    Joliet’s bio-solids
    had
    been
    applied.
    They
    agreed
    that
    this
    risk
    would
    be
    determined
    by
    evaluating
    the
    increased
    exposure
    to
    radon
    gas
    from
    the
    decay
    of
    the
    radium
    that
    would
    not
    produce
    an
    increased
    dose
    of
    more
    than
    10
    millirems.
    The
    IEPA,
    TEMA
    and
    Joliet
    reached agreement
    on
    the
    use
    of the
    RESRAD
    computer
    model
    to
    calculate
    this
    increased
    radiation
    exposure.
    Joliet’s
    experts
    used
    this
    model
    to
    predict
    that
    an
    allowable
    soil
    radium
    concentration
    of
    1.0
    pCi/g
    in
    the
    soil
    would
    result
    in
    less
    than
    a
    10
    millirem
    increase
    to
    an
    individual
    occupying
    a
    residence
    that
    had
    been
    constructed
    using
    the
    legally
    required
    and
    accepted
    building practice
    of removing
    the
    topsoil
    when
    building
    an
    on-grade
    slab
    house.
    As
    explained
    in
    detail
    in the
    record
    by
    Joliet
    and
    its experts,
    and
    in Joliet’s
    briefs,
    while
    IEMA’s modeling
    with
    this
    assumption
    also
    produced
    a
    value
    less
    than
    10
    millirems,
    IEMA
    would
    not
    agree
    that
    this
    assumption
    should
    be
    allowed
    to
    be used
    when
    modeling
    the
    increased
    risk
    because
    some
    individual
    might
    proceed
    to
    violate
    building
    codes
    and
    ignore
    sound
    construction
    practices
    by
    building
    a
    house
    with
    the
    slab
    poured
    on
    top
    of
    the
    topsoil.
    4
    is
    the
    sole
    controversy
    at
    issue.
    It
    is
    not
    whether
    any
    increase
    in
    radium
    will
    cause
    water
    pollution
    or
    violations
    of
    the
    Act
    or
    regulations,
    as argued
    by
    Respondent,
    or as
    cited
    in
    the
    boilerplate
    JEPA
    permit
    denial
    letter.
    In
    sum,
    IEPA
    may
    not
    impose
    conditions
    in
    a
    permit
    when
    such
    are
    not
    necessary
    to
    accomplish
    the
    purpose
    of
    the
    Act.
    Joliet’s
    experts
    conducted
    substantial
    investigations
    to
    determine
    whether
    the
    modification
    it
    requested
    was
    protective
    of
    human
    health
    and
    the
    Joliet
    has
    previously
    suggested
    conditions
    that
    the
    IEPA
    might
    include
    in
    permits
    to
    assure
    that
    removal
    of
    top
    soil
    is
    properly
    considered.
    -10-

    environment.
    Even
    JEPA
    personnel
    who
    administer
    its
    sludge
    permitting
    program
    agreed
    with
    Joliet’s investigations.
    However,
    for
    some
    unexplained
    reason,
    IEPA
    chose
    to ignore
    the
    sound
    scientific
    evidence
    in
    the
    record
    and
    denied
    Joliet’s permit
    modification
    request
    based
    on
    a MOA
    that:
    1)
    it
    previously ignored
    for
    over
    twenty
    years;
    2) is
    unenforceable
    .as
    a
    legal
    basis
    for
    such
    a
    limitation
    because,
    inter
    alia,
    it constitutes
    impermissible
    rulemaking
    in
    violation
    of
    the
    APA;
    and
    3)
    IEPA
    ignored
    anyway
    when
    it previously
    modified
    the
    Permit
    from
    a 0.1
    pCi/g
    radium
    limitation
    to
    0.4
    pCi/g.
    The
    real,
    and
    only,
    issue
    in
    this
    appeal
    is
    whether—since
    all
    agree
    that
    10
    millirems
    is
    an acceptable
    radiation
    dose—the
    proper
    exposure
    model
    to use
    when
    calculating
    the
    radium
    dosage
    assumes
    that
    topsoil
    is removed
    as
    part
    of residential
    construction.
    Joliet’s
    model
    was
    accepted
    by
    the
    agencies,
    and
    its
    model
    assumption
    regarding
    legally
    required
    building
    practices
    is
    sound.
    For
    all
    of
    these
    resons,
    the
    Board
    should
    find
    that
    IEPA
    inappropriately
    determined
    that
    a
    limitation
    of
    1.0
    pCi/g
    in
    Condition
    2 of
    Joliet’s
    Permit
    would
    cause
    a violation
    of
    the
    Act
    and,
    therefore,
    the
    Board
    should
    overturn
    IEPA’s
    decision
    and
    instruct
    it
    to
    issue
    a
    modified
    Permit
    with
    a
    radium
    limit
    of 1.0
    pCi/g
    as
    requested
    by
    Joliet.
    Respectfully
    submitted,
    THE
    Dated: February
    27,
    2009
    Roy
    M.
    Harsch, Esq.
    Lawrence
    W.
    Falbe,
    Esq.
    Yesenia Villasenor-Rodriguez,
    Esq.
    Drinker
    Biddle
    &
    Reath
    LLP
    191
    North
    Wacker
    Drive
    -
    Suite
    3700
    Chicago,
    IL
    60606-1698
    (312)
    569-1441 (Direct
    Dial)
    (312)
    569-3441
    (Facsimile)
    CHO1/
    25308374.1
    B
    -11-

    CERTIFICATE
    OF
    SERVICE
    It
    is hereby
    certified that
    true
    copies
    of the
    foregoing
    Petitioner’s
    Response
    to
    Illinois
    Environmental
    Protection
    Agency’s
    Post-Hearing
    Brief
    were
    mailed,
    first
    class,
    on
    Friday,
    February
    27,
    2009,
    to
    each
    of the
    persons
    on
    the attached
    service
    list.
    It is hereby
    certified
    that
    a
    true
    copy
    of the
    foregoing
    Petitioner’s
    Brief
    was
    hand
    delivered
    to
    the following
    on
    Friday,
    February
    27,
    2009:
    John
    T.
    Therriault
    Illinois
    Pollution
    Control
    Board
    James
    R.
    Thompson
    Center
    100
    W. Randolph
    Street—
    Suite
    11-500
    Chicago,
    IL 60601
    THIS
    FILING
    IS
    BEING
    SUBMITTED
    ON
    RECYCLED
    PAPER
    CHOI/
    25306658.1

    Service
    List
    PCB
    09-25 (Permit
    Appeal —
    Water)
    Gerald
    Karr
    Office
    of
    the
    Attorney General
    of Illinois
    Senior Assistant
    Attorney General
    Environmental
    Bureau
    69
    West
    Washington
    Suite
    1800
    Chicago, IL
    60602
    Bradley
    P.
    Halloran
    Hearing
    Officer
    Illinois
    Pollution
    Control
    Board
    James
    R.
    Thompson
    Center
    100
    W.
    Randolph
    Street
    — Suite
    11-500
    Chicago,
    IL
    60601
    Illinois
    Environmental
    Protection
    Agency
    Division
    of
    Legal
    Counsel
    1021
    North
    Grand Avenue
    East
    P.O.
    Box
    19276
    Springfield,
    IL
    62794-9276
    THIS
    FILING
    IS
    BEING
    SUBMITTED
    ON
    RECYCLED
    PAPER
    CHOI/
    25306658.1

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