presented

in table

17,2. l4ean

movemerrt rJistances

r!irJ

nol

rtif

fcr

between

arou0s

.J -

_r

_

of

DI"

U9l.vl999Jlrg.le-0ssd-J!.*[e-l!ed

i

nd i

v i dua'l_s_

f-Q.Ie_0Sed_.1*n

.tf.qa!._-9..0-lnpql_e,-q.

!o

!ran5

!t !qna

l

areas

(t

..ri.?5,

P>0.50)'

but

a

signiftcantly

greater

averaqe

rlispracemerrL

from

heit.rr.-r r{-)lc,l3e

sites

was

_JLg!.e!.tgd

detecte

in

.c.qrypirlson

wit.h

anbient.

1bfent

rel€i,.,c

rele,

sites

(t=3.40,

p.:0.01

i,

The

f

luctuating

and

occasional

ly

extreme

temp_erature

cycle

which

is

characteristic

of the

heated

location

may

in

part

contribute to a

greater

between-season

displacement

annng bass

since

power

plant

operation

practices

could

contribute

to

considerable

between-season

variabi l.ity

in

water

temperaturesr

a factor

which

would

rjemand

relocation

of fishes in

extrerne

cases.

The temperature

cycle

of

the ambient

area

<lf

Coffeen

Lake woulrl be

expected

to

be

more

stable

anrt

preclictable

irt

the

sense

that

only atnospheric

events

contribute

to the

ternperature

variability;

that

area

thus

r.epresents

rhe

type

of

therrnal

regime

that

northern

largernouilr

bass

have adapted

to.

Distances

traveled

by

markeC fishes

were

not related

to

either

size

at release

or to

number

of days

at iiberty

as

judqerl

by

a lack

of

correlation

bclween

those

variables

and respective

displacement

distances

(Tafrle

l/.3).

Anong

those

f ishes recaptured

dttrinq

tlre f

al

I

or sprirrg

seasons

followinq

tlreir

relcase

(

long-tenn

movernenL

s

)

,

_a

!end9n.9y.Jqjeqrd-n._.r1il-h

j-n,_q.

]:CS_t1_-cled_.dr.eas

.was.

-

s'.19_e!!,94

bV

![g:bt.gl"

l-tg_g-ugtgy_.gf__f-qc--Ap-!ures

rrlig.h

occur.r-ed

at or

ne(rr

origirral

j*a!-e--iiJes.

Approximately

60%

of long-term

recaptures

u,e,-e

founO

withi;-*

I,000

meters

of

their

orjginal

release

sit.es

anrl

over

half

of

that

nurnb(:)r

were

found

within

200 meters

of

that

location

(Fig.

I i.l

).

DisplacemcrrL

distances

progressively

decreased

jn

frequency

up

to.r

maxjtnurn

of

6,246 rneters

ivhich

was

the

greatest

displacement

observed

hy

an individual

aiter

a long-terrn

I)eriod

cf

I iberation.

Crossing

of

the

main

lake

channel

by'largemouth

bass

was

cornmonly

observerl

among both

short-term

and long-term groups;

those

crossings

were

det.ected

in

29i-

afld 36%,' respectively'

of the

tota'l

number

of observations.

Passages

grrough

the

railroad causeway

culverts

were

5% and

93

for

the

short-terrn

and long-terrn

groups,

respectively,

with north to

south

and'south

to

north

movernents

about

evenly-,'djstributed.

The najority

of

those

movemerrts

were

observed

arnonq

individuals

original ly

captured

and

released

near

the

structure.

I

T

t

I

t

I

t

I

I

T

I

t

I

t

t

t

:1

+

'

I

i...,

'

,,,,1:

.'t

I

17.6

---

.--l-'i

-a

",a;t.:'

a

a::.::.

!1!.ia:i

=

Table

I

7..:2, flegs

anrl ranges

of

dlstances

travele d

by

taggerl

l6rgcmout!r

bass

Coffeen

Lake.

Rele.ue

sit*s,

sarnple

size

(ilj;

dnd days

elapsed:

between

release

and

recapture

lmeins

and

ranrjes)

are

given.'

Al'l

observations

represent

long-term movements

(iee

text).

ln

Re

lease

Site

mean

'Says

el,apsed

range

,

0is!gnce

trdVeled

(meters)

n]e

dn

range

He ated

.,

53

Transitiona'l

?f,

Anbient

'

46

Lake-wi rle

125

310

319

297

307

I

574

147

4

671

1221

l4l-703

I

53-705

I 48-690

14t-705

0-6246

0-

51 /9

a-327

5

0-6246

Tabl

e

I 7.3.

Correl

ations between

distanced

traveied

(Log

[meters+l

])

by

tagged

largemoutlr bass

and

selected

independerrt

variables.

Separate

correlations

for short-term

and

long-term

movements

were

rnade.

Sample

size

(N),

correlatlon

coeificierrt

(r),.

Students

t-value,

an'd, significance

probabi

I

jty

(p)

arri

qiuen.

Independent

vari able

Short

term

,

-AJ_D'avs.

e I

apsed

B) Days,

el apsed

Lonq

term

-AFTTI

release

B) TL at

release

.l54

12s

'l

s4

125

-0.r7

-0.01

-0.00

0.03

0.01

>0.

50

0.07 >0.50

0.01'

>0.50

0.32

>0.50

.::..:.:.

f:...:.

-:-

I::.,:

-:':.:

''':

':

'

'

,:.--

.1';t,",

ii

!

:.n

17

.7

---

i:..,:-,.'

It

):'.'.

l'

l,

I

I

l'

:

t

I

t

T

I'

l'

I

l'

I

l'

lt'

FggsgF

EFsgss

'rltaa

oo

6O

crO

a-

o.

o

GI

%

Distance traveled

(

m')

from'release

site

meters

)

from

rel

ease

s

i

Les

in

Coffeen

Lake,

Al

I

taggert

recaptured

during

r.he

foilowing

Fig.'.17,1.

Frg,l:,g1.{

of displacement

(ranges

in

exhibited

by

tagged

largemouth"bass,

fish

were

released

in

the

spring

and

fa

I

I

or

spr

i

ng

seasons

.

l,i

I,,

N=125

1.7.8

---

;',

:,',,:::

,

:,;

j..:..

-a:.,::.

:

:;:.,,4_-:'

:.

:::.:i

;;,,-t:,;t

;":',,,.,,,:'.

,l:,,,

.1,t.''.

t',

:I.::

'-

--.

.

.

:.

:

,.,,

.,;-'

,;,.

;'--;

..

:I

::

i..::

t;l

,:

I.::

'I

.:'

-.

I

:,:.

I

I

I:

.:

:I

I

I

'Knowledge of the

life history

of

larqcrnouth

bassris

exLensive

as

eviderrceC by

a

.]

:

',"large

body

of I

lterature'r(Robbins

antJ

l'lacCrirnncn

1974,

St.rorld

and Clrrt-rel'

.I975,

'

:...:

'

rnovernent

Heidinger

patterns

1976)

but,

of

tltis,

until

spec

recently,

jes.

Coutant

I

itile wa::knswn:cf

(1975)

rnairlLaine('

Lhe

dail.y

Lhat wate!'

o.r

:cdsilnal

.

'::

temperature

was

the

most important

f,tctor

governing

bass

Inove,nents,

dr'rit

,

in

'ndture,

individuals

adjust

their

positicn

cieily

and

se,tsr)nal ly in an ef

fort

Lo

locate preferrert

temperatures.

Beyonct

thaL

basic

behaviorol response,

t,{o

.', general

i

zed

patterns

of movement

e;nerge

f rorn

the

I

i

teratrrre. Sorne

invest

igal'or-s

'have

noted

that

bass

movement.s

were

concentrated

within

a

well-<Jefined ared,,

an

,,:observation

which

led to

the

concept

of

"home

ranqe"

{l-ewis

and Fl

ickinger'

1967,

t'Jarden

and

Lorio

1975).

Ihe

location

of such

centers

of act

ivity

wer'e bel

ievr:d

to

change

seasonal

ly. Fetterol

f

(

1952)

offered

tlre

viewpoint

that di

fferinq

,,'.

innate

characteristics

among

in<iivicJual

bass

may

troduce

an extensive

rnollility

in

some

dnd a

more

sedentary

nature in

others.

Distances tr.avrlled

b.v

bass

in

-

Coffeen

Lake

(ranging

up

to 7 ki lorneters)

were

rrot

exceptional

cornparerJ Lo

oftret

studies reported

in the

literature

since

the

rnagnitude

of

qlovcrnenL

exlribiter!

by

this

species

appears

to be

lirnited

only by Lhe

physical

lirnits

of

its

environment

(Heidinger

1976,

Tranqui

I I i

el;

al.

1979b,

and

oLhers). ExLensivri

Oisptacement

between

seasons

appat'ent1y

was the

exception ratlrcr

Llran

the

rulcl'

in

Coffeerr

Lake since

ntost

recapturerJ

indivirJuals

werc

fourrd

within Lhe

srrrne

gelteral

area during

spring

and

fall seasons.

H0wever,

the frrlrlrrerlcy

anrl

magnitttde of

tnovernet'lts

which

occurrecl

drrring

the

interin

periorl

cor.rld not be

determined

with certainty,

and the broa<i

range

of dis;,1acenenl.

rlisLancr:s

I

..

'

observed

after

oniy a short

period

of liberty

suqgests

that Lhose

r!istances

may

have been

extensive.

Coo'ling lakes

provide

a rather

uniqtre envjrorrrnent for

evaluat,ing

fish rnovc,nenls

since widely,livergent ternperatures

gerterally yrersist.

In unheaLerl

lakes,

thermoselective

move/nerlts

are

usrral ly

1lrni tetl Lo

vert

ical

arljusLrnerits,

whereas

cooling lakes offer

a

rnode,

of

thermoselective

rnovernenL

jn

the horizontal

direction

as tvel l. In Lake

Sangchris, Tranquilli

eL

al

(1979a,

1979b)

f

r-rLrnrl

that

averaqe

L+--"_

daily

movetnen!s a$ gbso-l-ute rlistances

!1av.aled

by largernouilr

Ilass

,werq-lilqilicantly

greater

amonq incliv i<Juals

orillirlal

ly capturecl

anrl

releaserl

jrr

,------*--:-

-:__-._..-..-*

.

.: ..

:.

.

:..

'

-

llreated

areas,

a

finding

which was supporterl

by tlre results

of

ttris

sturly. The

authors

predicted

a seasona'l

cycle of

attraction

and

avoidance

at Lher,nally

extreme

locations, whereas

l'ishes

inhabit,inq

therma)

LransiLion

areas

wcre

I

I

.:

I

:

,I

I

I

I

I

I

!

I

'l

l"

17.9

---

::...j

r.:ta

=l:..:.i:

't':',.::1

.

,

:.n.:,: .

i;i:'.

::.'i;i.',

:.::::

E,''

..:;,1;"

t;:

.,:t,

-i:,4::

;

.

;,:..

,

j:";

:

ji:.:.-

:

i:l:.

.

'

.:

::.:

.

;'::':

,

:':i,:

j

i;:,..

?::t,,.

':::

:-

!:..'

.',..,1-

'

li

:,::

,;a'.

l''

I','

believed to

be

most'sedentary.

ln contrnst,

Qrrinn

et al.

{l9iB}:conclurjed

fro,n

their

study, and

earl

ier

studies

of

bass

movernenLs

itr

,l

s0{rLitgasLrlrrr co0I

in(l

reservoir,

that

f

ishes in

heaterJ

areas

r{ere general

ly

most sedcntary arrci

exchante

of

individuals between

heatert

dnd anbieni,rreas

vyds

{rnc'drrmr)n.

The

fishes

observed rrere

found

to trovel

extensively rlr,ithin the lahe

even

thouqh

their

movements

were dpparently

unreldted to lhe therrnal

graiJient.

Population

Estimates

A total

ol'

I

,1

24r

l argernouth bass wrtre

captured by

el ectroshocking

rlrtr ing

the

1979

populati0n

census.

Inclurled *ere

271

indiviriuals

(2lSO

nrm

TL) that

comprised the recapttJre

sdmple required

for

population

estimation.

0f that

number,

54

had

been

previously

nrarked.

Therefore, the

estimatcd

popu'lation

size

as of May

1979

was

4,958

jndividuals

for the

size

group

considered

(Tahle

l/.4).

The

951

confidence

interval

for that

estimate

ranged frorn'3,734:to

6,132

incJividuals.

The l9B0

census

produced

1,124

inCividuals

includ'ing

340

(>360

mrn

Tl-)

which were selected

for inclusion

irr the

recapture

sarnple. 0f that

group,

65 had heen

previously

marked

yielding

an estirnate

of 5,466

inrlividuals

and

a

95X confidence

interval

frorn

4,285

Lo

6,647

(Table

l/.4).

Ilre

two

estirnates

were

in

close agreement over

the two

years.

Co11elp.ol{US,__s!1.11l1rLg_gfg1)

estimates, 9.3

and 10,q,_E/ha

(Table

17.4)

were

similar to the

l0

kg/ha figure

'eTUEa-WAlenkins

(.|975)

as an

average for

rnid-southerrl

reservoirs,

arul

to

Llre

Lake

san

gchr

it!

_q4+sI€j[*UJ]:

estirnates of

B,B

kg/ha

and,l2.6

kg/ha,

-jg:qg$_Uety_

(Tranquil

l'i et al. 1979b). Estimation of the biomass

of

largernoutlr

bass

by this metlrod

yieltled

slightly higher values than the

7.7 kg/ha

estirnate

rterived

by

cove

rotenone sampling

in

Coffeen Lake

(section

14,

frerein).

The

latter

techrrique

generally

yielded

few

individuals

of

largi

size cornpared

to

catches

obtained

by electrofishing. The mark anrl

recapt'ure

estimates excluded

individuals

(200:mm

total

length and

thus

vJould have been

sonreirhat:higlrer had

they been included.

:

l

Fi

sherman

explgr!.!.at

jgn,

,

,

From the spring

of

1979

to the

spring of lg8l sport

fishernen'reportetl

B0

catches

of

tagged

bass and

84

catches of untagged fish.

0f

the total,

90 fish

weq"e.

kep!,:,28-'t{e,r:e,,released,

and

the

f

ate of 46 was not reported.

The

shortest

I

I

T

l,

.

l'

t',

t

T.

I

I

I

.

l'

'

I

I

',,.

'

,

,.

'

'

'

:a,t-,:

.'-.',:a::. a.

::::1:

I

7.10

---

Table

:

'

17.4,'.

'

''

of

Hark

.rarseryourh:

and

re99o!ure

bass

22'00

populatlon

*

iotir

cstirriate

i;;;i;

s

l;

(r

ir'r'1;y'-ibll-u,'a

?

st:anrlard':errors)

'ruy

average

we

i

ght

,

and

s tanrl i rrg

c

iop-

u.e

-g

i

ven'.

Parameter

Ita

I

ue

Estimate

l

i{umtrer/h

a,

Av

e

r'age

we i

gh

t

Standing

crop

Est imate

l{umber

/ha

Average

weight

Standi

ng

crop

I l.l

0.840

k9

.

,,

g.,kq/ha

l980lopulat

ion

Est

imate

546rr

t

I lBl

,

l?.3

,0.

BB2

k0

l0.B

kg/lra

| 7'.1

|

---

'.::

aa;'

'.

i

:.

:'

.

t

a

",

t ime

i

rltervcrl

betreen

tagging

and rep0rted

capt_ure

by a

f

i

sherrnart w,ts

J

,j,lys,

the

longest

6S9

rlays.

Sixty-two

successful

fishing

rlays

werc

rep0rtcd,

I

in

February,

5 in

l'larclr,

6

in

Aprl l,

zB in

l4ay,

l5

in .lr.rnr',

4 irr

Jrrly, z

in

llovernber,

alt,C

I

in

Oecember.

Ihirty-nine

partics.r;iire

reporLutlly

fishi,rg

th;/

'south

part

of the

lake

(soutlr

of railroad)

and

seveft rlrer*l

f

ishing the

nrirLh

f>

\

part.

^-/

Al

I

of our

catch

records

were

obtained ilrrough

volunt-ary

reports,

usudl

ly

by

telephone.

,

Since reports

were

only received

from

fishermen

who were successful

,in

catching

a tagged

f

ish,

we cannot

quantify

the rate

or

impact

of f

isherrnar't

exploitation

on the

bass

population

other

than

that

which

is

inrplied

by

thr,.

above

rtata.

At most,

exploitation

of this

species is

rnoderaLe

cornpared

to

public

fishinq

lakes

(Coffeen

Lake

is

closed to the

public)

and the

reader

is

rerninded

that

population

dynarnics

of

the

bass

population,

as

re')orLecl

herein

and

in

other Sections

of

this report,

Inay

in

part

reflect

a

cornparatively low

rate

of

fishing rnortality

relative

to

oLherr

Inore

heavily

fisherl

la<cs,

f'

''.

-l

t,

T

T

!

T

I

t

I

I

I

I

I

l'

I

t

l.

l.'

t::

.|

i'r.4,';.

'.'.:'

j..::

.

':.

:: :

l7

.12

---

:..:

::''

i:-

,,=::

i,r.::,

l:''

'

'

l

l'-

. !

r-RA:i.,iti

.

l

:.

.I:

-.

I

Coutant,

C,

C.

lgTS,

Responses

,)f

ir.rs5 !rr

nr:,;'::

,lr,,i:

rrt:!':t::1

:r.,:'"..

r.'.

rr+-

'

,.

regimeS,

Page

S

27?-ZA5

f

n

A.

l{.

-!trsurj

rnrj

i.i

.

:.;q;;grr:r-.

,.,i.

.,

",

,

..

..!.

,

, ,biology

and

rnanagenent.

Jport

f

i;hirii'lnst.if:;i,-', i1'ri1

i..;1

:'r

[Jell

,

M,

g.

1958. A new

fish

trg

arrrl

rapirJ

c,trl,"irj1,.-i,',i

!:.,ir,.i..]',

.'.

.i

:'-=r,'t.

Am. Fish,

5oc.

9/:5?-59

Fetterol

f

,

C'. dr: la

llesa,

Jr.

1952.

r1

pr:pulitirlr

l,lintergreen

Lake,

l'.,tlarn,tzoo

Couni;rr

:4i{h1rinn.

effect

of netlinq

on

coildition.

:,1.5.

Ihe5iE,

127

prt,

\r

rj:i

j

r:t

!-

it:

:

f

i.r!lr":.

:-.!

f

iit:n

n'.'i;',

.i!'',ir-i',t,r.

t',1

'.'1

'i

i

q

i

l

grr

:.i

4,

,-

ii;

1

I

;';,r

.

,l'

' ,.t

.'1

,

l

I

,],,

.

:!::

,I

I

I

Heidinger,

R,

C.

l9/5.

Life

hi.itcry

dnrl

l:i17

li;1;

,;f

i.nq

)r'-.r'],',,,i

!.,r

:,:.',

ll -?0

ln

R.

H.

Stroud o;td

l{.

Clepper,

e{|s..

1l*ck

br';r

rrjt',ii.:.1;r

,r;,!

manageiiEnt.

Sport Fishinl

Ingtit,lte,

';{,!stii,r'1t

lr, f

.i..

i._t:jri;

;T

.:a

rl

Heidinger,

R,

C,

'1976,

Synopsis

of brri!oqii:a]

;!

rr-,r

ric

1i!i:

:

i.ii')r'::i

i'it

l-'1,i,

ljlqropterus:g]gtdE

(t-acepecie),

1,ji)?.

i,1{i

irsiri:r-ii:r::r:j:i:.!,}..

!i-i.

iir,

6f

pp----

-

Jenkins,

R.

!4.

1975,

Bl

ack batt

crops

in(t sili:cir-i!'.!\ir,1,..!!

!

r.,r

!ri

r,,,i,.;'"'r-:r..

,

Pages

ll4-l24

In

ll

.

H.

lrtro*rl'an'J

l.l

. [ie;lper,

r.d,,..

iil

i-'..

lir.,'-

yit,1=;tt-a.r

,iz;.2

.

tnanagefient.

Sprx"t

Fishinq

Jnslitute,

*'dshirlltrirr,

:i.il .

l

Lewis,

l'l

.

i,l

.,

Jr. and S.

Flickirrger.

i96/.

ii'arD .rlrr:i!'.r',t1,t,,

t

tt

rf:r,

large'routh

bass

(t'licropter:f

::]p_:4e.f].

icr'i4t1v

i,1.,,ii;!:1,:rj-l,i;J.

,.

Quinn'T.,G.t.,.Esch,T.C.Hagen,anr1').H.sitlhonl,|91v,i.tj|t-j'-ji!|=:il.

i,ItroV€r0rlflt

and homin!) by I argemouLh

bas<

tl,ticroplerus

1,

llsv;irdr111

:rr

i

::therinal1yalteredreservoir.Copeia{r)5{"*.-Trr:

Rot1ers,R.A:.l9B0.FYl9iB.:Iliinoissp'r|'fi.;hery\'ir'/!j''!p.l'.1ii.:*:'-ii'

Report

No.

50, Illinois

Dept.

of

Ccnser'ytl

irir),

0ivi,;ior

,.ri

l-i',ire''r':,

,

Springfield.

Rohbins,

l.|.

lJ.

and

ll

. R. l,lacCrimrnort. 1g74.

tlrt-'

bla;kl;.tt,.

,;{

,'r,':r1.,r

r{

I

,i,r'l

,

,

overseas. Siomanagentent and Research

EnterprisitE,

llrrt-rrlr'r

irtn4*i.

!!6

pF

r

Stroud, R. H. anrt H.

Clepper,

eds,

1975,

Bl,ick

basirri(il()'ly

,1.,1

,1i-.t;,,,!,rt'.

Sport

Fishing

InstjLutc,.'Iashirrgton,

D.C,

53/r

pp.

Trartquill

i,

J.

A., D.

W. Duf

ford, and R,

l.l.

Lariroore.

197'1.t.

lit

iv:',,rr',1,i,:

.

preferred

terrperature

of

radiotaqged

larrlernorrt,h

llas.; in

l.ik;'',.1r1'llliri'.;,.lnri

Lake Sholhyville. In Evaluation'of a

cooling

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v,rl,

:i!,

Il!.

:'

Nat. Hist,

Survey'fln-al report to

Electric

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I

IrtrJepf

nde

ql

l.

.rarinillc

Iot"al l{-'ngt,t

9:i

:'r i0

l.i.:]I

T.

I

I

I.

I,.

l:

Table

13.1.

Irart

i,rl

eorrelatiort

clt':f

f ic

jiinL

i!'/iiJ't;i

t)':!'a{rlr'i,

$tl:nlii;r

+i

P. rninilnrt'n cysIs

in liv*r's

of

(,offrletrl

i-.tki'lrlrtr'1

ills.trtr!

FeliTiTiTeights

of

hosf

f

isltr-'9

*her.:

A'nrtrh4r'

r].l.,l5it'ts,

B'

relative

*el[ht,,rnrl

C=r-cLrl

lprrgth

{ni:}d

eonst,ant}.

Slrpir.'

cire

(il),

der;rae5

cf f.'le(to::r

{C.f.},

+nrl si1;tif

icartcr:

prolldtli

I i

ty

(

ft)

are

9i

vt'n

'

Var i

atll c

d.

f

.

rAlr'c

Relative

weighf

9ft

95

lB.4

-Q.ll

''1.'15

t;

::...

a=

::,:.=

,",,tj

t

a:

.l

a-:

'1,.

a.;,,

,1..'

:i:

a:.

-:

::'

..

..:

-.-:::

t:::

a

:::-]::

:;.i:

j.:

-:.:'

t.a,,.:

:.:.i: -,

',,4-

-.-:

iaal-:

=..:.,:

.i-.,

i,

,t.t:.

:.

,

::=.'

---

;,:Ir-.

a:'I.':.

'.

,.4:

:,.

ira:: j:1:

=lt

'.','-.j.

i]

:

a..: ..

,l

:...

I

in{gstdt icrt

in Lhit

st-'t,1!

n.irrj drr't

'f

ic

il

l,

:r:.-1

.;,

r:

!,

!

r,,,

I

,;. ,y

,,.,i

i'

,, :,,',.

:

UlU5l,'iinnat.jr8dR.,lt{}in;}-lrl|}il-l.!f,!!1,iit*..,1,...1.lt,.,'11,,t.,lj.r.

5tUr|y.L+wisanJliii..i:.rn{l;l6.1i.;llsi:rvd,''|}.1t'1r.}i1rii.,.i'?],r|..t

trlUegilli

rdn{)inl

riit

r-n

l{}Jrr

pnr'

t

rsn,

fr,ri

t4r

;

{

:.,!'.7

.r

,.f

i,,.

|

|

f

.1

;r,;;

densltieS

4li

cnnrjitiolr

cf

lne h0sl

t i1fle1.

i-r,;i-rar.i:ril-!j

ii{

ii.

,r,

lrii=;,;;';

infertaLions

I.li lfill:'

in

hii,i';illr f

r0r1

L.r..i-,

1,;r1.1,;i,rir,

,

,,,,.i,.;l"il,i,-,.

r,,

crro l

in1

l,rkt,

hut

0lrl.i

56{,

tnrl

0f t i4trL,r

if

.rt'.rtv.

,:

n

*,}il

,i

1,n.,,.ti1-,,r

il.:, r

centrdl

Illil'roil

f

117ritl

ql1tLrDl

rr.lrarv0ir^

(il;r;r1

!,i

.!

r,!

lr,trr1,1i'1

1, irii,:l;.

i.

i,,

also

notcxorthy

Lha!

grlivth

rf age

!

an'i

r:lder

lliue,!ill.r

w+l

eliir;r'r-.1piri in

..{i.i!

Shelbyvi

llr: tit,tn irt

Lakc

i,rrr.1Chris,

whicrr

h,.is

I

,,i

rril,t,l

nl,r",lr

ll

prl),rl1l i;rr;

si,nilar

ttt

Lhot

ql

Colfeerr

Lake.

fleaSons

-flr.Lhe-.pfOliferat

ion

of

yrl|i i.g

!ivt,r-

ir,ih.,

rr

C,-r{'t.Jr:.rr l.,tki,

tr-r:

iir.i

ly

COnjeCturdl.

3r'eat

lllue

hcroni,

rrhiCh Servr,

f,S

t.ilr'

;:irirrr:ip.rl

r!,tf

i11

ii

jTc

itr.,q!

1.

in

the

lif

e

6yg.le

of

this

species, wer',1

{)ccli,i,lnally

rbsrir"v,.trl

irr

I

itt,)r.li

.jr',r

i.,

of tlre lake, huL thtjy

vJere

rtci.

coin.llori.

Tlt{,

stettply rlrpinrt

.,hrrrr?1i4,..

6iri6ir

i

,

chardct,eristic

of Cof f

rlun

Lake,

I

irniterl

v.t:;['Jl rr

pl,111t

r;rorrth,

t)r'irrr:r

iiy

tgJotogglg1}

r,pp,,

f0

.t

ndr'row

llanrl

par;l

lnlinq ttr,,3

5i16y',ili41:. illrrr-'r1i!i,,

t.ypic.tl

ly

cortgreq,tte(l in

thosr:

areJs thr0rtrllro,tl

(ndsi

)t L,rs

,;r:;1ir!.J

(,:

!'j,rn.

Corn'non

rJSagC

0f

liLLor.tl ,trrlas

lly

rlef iniLive

lroslg

{it*r'lrrii

.lrrJ

s,-,f

{),)'1

internerli,tte

ltosts

(f

ishcs)

probabll

Derpr'tlatr:s

Llrt' I

if

r;

q'r.lr:

lf

P.

:jlll,,:,I,:

:",

Cof

fcen

Lake

sitlce

large

nurnbers

of

blueqi

lls

crrncenLritlerl

irr

ri)st:r

ictr:iJ

shoreline areas w0ulqJ

prrrvide

a

readily-,accessible

fi;ragf basc for: pisciv,lr'r.ru5

birds such

as ltcrorts.

As inrJicated,tbove,

int.crrsity

rf

irrferLa),ions

()b.,,rrveri

i:r

Cof

feen

Lakc are certdiniy

extrerne

erioutllr to

ret,rrd

,J'^orLh ,*rf

lrluerli

lls

arrrl

,r,r/

have

contributed Io Lhe re]ar.ively

low

conrlil.ion

r-rf

larqer inrJivirtrrals,

llowever, isolation

of

one

cause

for

llrc

sLunteqJ,

n,tLl,'e

of Ltre

pcrpiri

rLirtrl

164y

'

leacJ

t0 an

errot'leous concluiion.

0blter

rrossible

conllr:ibulirrll

f.lctors,,Jisc,rssc,J

elsewhcre

in this report

(Sections

7

arrd'15),

irrclurJe

n

relJtively lo,a

derrsiLy,-

of

'ljenthic (foraqe)

or.ganisos,

lack

of

Euf

f

icieni

prcrlaLion

Lo

prevenL

'-

"'

overcrowding of

bluegi

iis, ancl-cotnpetition

f

rorn other

srrnf

ish

specir.ls

rr'Li

lizingi

the''s

aine,.f or

age- base'

',

t

:l'

I

l,

fri

-3:

I.

-.'

1t'

: ::..:.

lB,5

---

li

BUlOrt.,.F.

,1

.

and R.

fuiderSon. l9/.1

.

tis.,,l,:,

i),-r1

,,i

lr;-tifi,i

,1

lr:

{

jr.

(,r,rr.,

l::.,

,

.,rr

:,

'.,liver

parasites.

Prog.

i:ish

eull.,

4l

l?i;;.i.

l

ilaqr-'10,

R.. A:

alt,j

:l:

A:-

tranrl,.ri

I li.

1979,

A

cr:rrp.lris.,rn rif

'p,rs1,i,1r3rri;t

iq

,

.tre1alode.(Sub:"omily:

&reyrocephalin,re)

poEirlar,ir:n't

$t

blrter;ill:i

f

ri_:,;i.

,'lieated

and

arnbieri!.

areas

of an

!l

iinois

cooi

i*9

!,]ke,

arirl

,1

rrqr.r,'iry

rrnh€.rtei1

,reser:voir.

In

fivalr;'rtion

rt{

a

cooling

lal:e fiiher),,

vol,

tit.

!il.,iiat',

llist,

Survcy-Tinal

rgpr;;.1

to

tha

f

leciric

pcwer,?{sr:,lri;!r

!nsf

it_r"lle,

pai,:

Alto.

CA.

Hoffman,

a

striqeoid

fi,

L.

1958.

trcndtodc,

Ixpltrirnr]ntal

lostjq,Ji_gl5l,om,l1,

studies

on thc

F.xp,

r",]rfari,]

p.)rasiL.,

and

i(

met,lccr.ceri,r

l

}

:?3-5.1.

rf

Itrlnter,

G.

W.

,

I

t l.

1942.

St

rrcl

ies

orl Lire

p{rrasites

0f

f

reslr,vatrtr

f isnot

tf

Cortnecricut.

Bul

l,

Corrn.

rreol.

t{at.

illst.

Surv.,

6l:I?B-BB.

Lewis,.

:,tlre

rd..

hody

!4i

anrl

reight

J.

l{ickun,

of the

bluegil

1g64.

l.

Ine

pr.c!.

ef

fect

irish.-I[Tr_;8fJ)-:fff_;-;

of

posthodipl0stonrun

rnif}imrJrn

rlprln

"'

sinrjefmanrt,

c.

,J.

1951.

Parasites

of

f

ishes

of

rrorth

cDnIral

i,l,]53,rclr,rli:Lt,s.

I'lass.

Dept.

Cons.

F isrr.

Rept.

,

?B

pp.

S;nithermart,

R.0.

1963.

Iffect of

Lhe

sLrigeirl Lrern,rl,rr.lu,

posthorl

iplostomrrryr

rninimi{n,

upon

growtlt

anrl mortal ity

of

biuegi

I l,

L*ponis

rr"rcF'rocfil."f-.

,f,aA

,

'

EiTIilept.

44, vol.

5: lX/[-8,

3S-0-398.

i_

|

I

ftiATi]ilil

l"

I

1i

i;

T

l,

t

I

T.

T

t

t

t

I

I

t

I

f'

l,

::::

t::

r:'

a:::.:i.'

T

tt

rl

.l

fl.6

---

pART

I I tcoLoc

r

cAL I

r,rvEsr

r GAT

I0Ns

lor

saonl

cRt

Ei(

---

-

:.t

:a:::

-...

a:

,

':.

':.

;:.

,

.

,.a..

:

:

:.,

j:

:t:

:'i:

:

:

l'

..

:

',

'l:

:

:i::.

...

Ltt'J I

I !

tt:.:'

,:

,ii.illiiti

I

,

'

,

'

IHI':ldfiiJCili)lr:

';iinh-L

i.irt

i-i:l

.

Ihe

fasl

Fork

of

thaal

Crcer.

I

ies

iumerJiatr:!y

be]<:* Lrrir

Cof

f

cerr

i-.ri;r

i.lan.

lnil

Strealn

receiveS

overf

i0w

f

r0,n

Ihrj I

nke

6J9r'irt!

ilcr

iod.) rlf

nigh

'ld.tLiJt'

,rrrr! irt

t.ht

pa5t'waterwaspUnpcdfrornthecreekinLrrtttr:.1akqtohaiLenlakefilliri9..

0ne-year

studi0s

of

r{nLL,r

chcrnistry,

phyLtp}.1riktqn,

)ent.ltos,

.lrrrl

f rsir

wrtr'.J

i,nplenented

io

assess

lhe

ef

f

ect

of

'lake

0ysrf

:0rr

.1qile,' pil,npinq

0f

d,ttcr

f

''0n

the

East fork

of

Shoal

Creek

upoo

t.its

biola

of tili-. sLredn.

N[SCR

ipi tt]t

rtF

lrlI

sTt,i)y

ARt_A

]

The

study,

ared

establ ishcrl

0n the Easl

Fork

oi

Shoal

er-eek

wal ,lirecLly

soi,L,r'of

Coffeen,

Il linojs

(T7N,

Il3',,1,

SecLiori

23).

ilith nn

nv,3r'alle wi

lLlr

r'rf

J5

feeL

.rrrrJ

a

gradient

of

4.5

feut,

rnile''

-l',

the

cr'eek

flows in'.t

so,,+herly dir:c,"iori

towai:tJs

Shoal

Creek

and

the Kaskaskia

River

(Lopjnor

l9i0),

ihe rlraindgr-.

llrirnaril"y

cortsists

of

pasture'or

f

drrnland whjch

perir)dic,rlly

ber:orncs inrirrtl

iLeil

.

during

periods

of

high

discharge.

Lopinot

(1970)

rr:port;cd

thaL t,hr:

sLr't?<rrn

troLtorn

consisted

of 70

percenL

silL and

30

pcrcerrL

sarrrl. HisLoricaliy,

tirit

stream

provicled

water

for lake f

i llling

rlurinq

a

sever'e ,f,'oiqi,i

wlriclr

coincitled

with tlid

corqplq!ion

of

the

Coffeen

Lake

Darn

(CIPS

1977l',

Ifre

auxilialy

pt,irrpirr:.y

"fi.iiitiei

instai

letl

irnnrediate'ly

belo',r Lhe

Cofieen

L.rkc

Spi I

lway

were de.;ignerl

to

maintain a reasonably

constant

lakc

levcl.

Howcver,

purnpin.r,

operaLio'rs

rverc

apparently

sporadic in

the

past

and havc noL

occurred at alI

during

the

course

of

thjs

investigation

of

Coffeen

Lake.

Prior

Lo Lhe

ortseL of Llris

sL,rtly,

trrr:

last record of

a

.j

spiliway discharge

into the

East

Fork

oi

Shoal'Creek

was

;lun:e

r975

(CrPS

I

s77).

.:,::i

':I

::-t'I

aa:

'':,'=:

5.1

,t

,t-

:'

-il

il

Figure l.l iliustrates

sarnpling

staLions

Stat ions I

,

2, and

4

were

major .sarnpl ing

piriphyton,

benthos,

ancl

fish.

Each

of

and a

pool

of

the

stream.

Stations

0,

I

for

certain

sutlprojects.

on

the

[ast

for'k

of Sho,il

Crer:k,

stat

ions

f

or

wat.er^

cheini stry,

:'

these

staLions

encornpassed'boLlt

a'riff

le

.'

r

-

,'

.

b,

,lnd

3 sr-,rved a5

dncil

lary

staL

jons

Perry,

and

James

ll.

BuckIer

I

'.\:::

1'5

lAuthgr

s

:

":

,

.'

,._

j:t

a:

tt.

t,

I

:;

:

.'

.

':;

',1:;

';--'.t'.::t:';

-::

---

/

,/

Lake

,/

/

//

een

4p

Concrete

Spillway

Statigr.

r!

/

'J,

=Y

Station

2

-:County

Road 2OO0N

q

roo

2oo

ltl

Meters

Figure 1.1. Sarnpling, stat.ior)s or1 tlre

llast t;olk

oll SlroaI

Cleek

lrelos,

the

Coffeert l,akc

rlam artrl spillway.

:

1.2

---

:.a.'

.,a:,,...:.:'l:=

.'

1,1,

'::

.

::.

:.

,t

t

i

t

:'

Stations

2

anrl

3

are ln

close

proxiftiity

to onc

dnnr.hrjr

because

J

rubl)'l

,:

rl

Jrn

w,ls

onau,,,present

between

those

two

sites. llowever,

in

e*r-ly Fr:brrtrry

l9i9

t.h;r d*:n

uas

removed

in

preparation

for

the

possible

conslruction

0f

a

Srnrrrarr*nt

loa_hrad

weir

dam.

Since then

construction

plans

ltave

been

tieferre,J.

Sl,ttir)rrs

0,

1.5,

and"Z

thus

eonsilted

of

an

tmpounded

g001

clur'ing

nosl

0f thc

I

year

basel'ine

study

period

on thls

stream,

while

StaLion

3

reprcsent.ed

the

p00l

jrlst

belor thc

rublile

dam.

:

-

.l

,.1

t

'l

I

---

:.:'

:r

ll

'

ttt

'

,:r

.,,1

.

'

,

,'.1

Central

lllinois

Public

Service

Company. 197i,

Thelaal

dernonsLralion

for'

','eoffeen

Power

Stations

Units l'ra'nd

2,

Submitterj

to

Lhe

!l

iinois

Pol

lirl.ian

.Control

,&oard,

l,lay

1977.

,'-

Lopinot,A.G..l970..ibnt9o'[eryCountySurfacewdter:re5oilrces.Ii]irrois

Department

of

Corrservalion, Springf

ield,

lll

inois. I l9

page.

,:"

'"

,l;

-t'

..

"l

"

l,'

'l

'f

I

''l

'l

,,1

"'

.l

:

1.,

,I

'

l'

T-.

.

:'

"

,

.

l't

-':r.

l=

"rt

t

,l

,':

'l'

.',

'

1.4

---

stcil0N

2

SIIOAL

CRIEK I{AliB

QU'\LJIY

h,,,'J

,,Sarall

Liehr-5torck

:

fiBSTRACT

An

jnvestigation

of the

East Fork

of Shoal

Creek

was

conducted frorn

August

lg/S

throlllr

septernber'

1979

for

the

purpose

of

srutlying

the irnpact

of

Coffeen

Lake

ove.rf

lo:t/

0n

Shoal-

Creek

water

quality.

In

the

f

al

I

of lgZB,

ilre

sarnpi irrg

station

upstreatit

of

the

Coffeen

Lake discharEe

h,rd

very

hiEh

conccrrLrations

of

clrloride,

total

alkal inity,

soluble

orthophosphate,

dnrt

0rg.rnic

cer5o1

a1d

iow

concentration

of dissolved

oxygert

relative

to

l.he

other

sarnplinq

sLrrtions.

These

concentrations

indica'ue<J

that

Lhe

streanr

was irnpacLed

by

dn

upstre,drn

sewaqe

effluent

durjnq

that

periocj

of low

f

low.

In

ln

,1llt

tl(lt-cn

]9/9-Llt-e_

ty

/y,

tne_.--tp-Llllg

sp-11g-f

lgocl

na0

had

.---:_*__#

more

more

effect

etfect

on-_![q_!a!er

on

the

water

quality

ty thtthan

did

the

overflor:frorn

Coffeen

Lakr:

CharacterisLics

of

Shoal

Creek

water

qual

ity

at Lhat

t i,ile rvsr.{,,

0xtrernely niqir

turbidity,

along

with

high

levers

of iron,

phosphorus,

dnd inr.lrganic

rritr-ogerr,

and

relatively

low

concentrations

of

chloritlc,

alkaliniLy,

harrlness,

arrrl

sulfate.

By

April

1979,

Coffeen

Lake

overflow

alterr:d

iidter

ctu,rlitv

at Shc,

cal

Q19_ek.

The

ne rno_siJ9l_'cedb-te

most noticeable

ef

ef

!'ec_tLi_gl-e_i|Iqq_t_e_f'

fects

were

rtreater

S_qjl-l_!e

sulf atp c

c_orrcenLrat iorrs

..rrrrJ

lower

'"::"'

glll-l-inilf-ut

!n9-!9ry!:l$gq*:!guqlu.

L"s r/vw'rJer

sqrr

lisll-vr:.

ny-.d}lrlli

Bv-.Jpng..![o-!qJf-f,eqts,ve,',]

Llose

ellects ivgrg

no

n0

. .

*.*-*_-.-:

l.919gl-l-Yident.

The

summer

f lood in

August

l9i9

harJ

a

s

tight

rti luting

ef

f

e

pat

orl

Shoal

Creek

water

qual

ily,

but

Lhere

were

only

rnirror

intJicalions

of

irnpac,u

by

I ake

overflow.

---

,ilIt{00uc

I

l0ri

Thls

investigation,

con<trlcted

bet-,veen Aur;rlst

lllii

r:iri',:]g;ir,.':,i.,r'r

il,r,.r,

,rr:1.:rr;:j?i

with the fol

lowing

cbjectiveg;

,'

bo determine

ili

ths

ialart

.rr

i-ir!

f

,-,rrr

l*.e

Overf lon

Orl Shoal

Cree k watcr

qual

i

ty,

(?

)

,.n,:

rnp,1i'l

r.t,(.

g\tai)i

r:.;

w.i,1

1;r.

I

ri;c

Shoal

Creek orr

the

rtoter

quality

of the

lake,

dnd

{3-!

lnr-.

rnrplr-!

,if

i.iri:

;ri'-,iin,;

operation:on

thr' water

qual

ity,gf

5hoal

Crr:ek. 5'i nce

witqr

,{d,,

rr,l,t

r.1

J.rprj,.i

:iit:j

the

lake

fron

Shoal

Creek during

the

sturly

per

ic{J,

only

liie

iinp,lct

,lf

t-:rrt

lli.il

over'f low

on the

sIrearn was invesLigatert.

Tlr

is

-lb3,ict

ivr,

n,rs

,]-i. ]!i!1

i

r irr,':l

it-r,

dets:rtnining

the relative

impacts

of

ldke

,tater

anrt

il

irnat,:1,1r1 i,'-

rl

r-.v.:rir,tr

(,r-ii

Lc

ternperaturre,

f

loods,

arrd

'l

ow

flow

on

water

qualil.;,

pJr,:rrittqr'!

i:r

':,n,rJi

ir,,,l;:,

a:,-a

-a:

:

-=

l=

l,'

,.

I:.':

I,"

:..:.

l'

T.

l,t

.

l'

t

I

T

l'

t

T

:

l'

2,2

---

,

'.

,:'

lAllPl-

t

r,1f,

!{-rqi

ir

j,

i

tldLt:r

QLI+l

i

Ly

?ar,Jni-'tr.rE,

*r,.,{

,'

!,...i-.

it

.-

I ::

s#,Jttf

qf

:lir,i{ifi,rj

ii'!.

i.l;.

..:,

i',.;;r,r='t,

2 al{

3

t4',

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J

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l

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:l:.i.,

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,

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twir:ri

g4qlr

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dt.in;

t?r,;

St:l

Jll

l)+ri,,il.

t

ILLi)

rr'1il

r\llirLYT

lCAt.

14t

1,.t0il5

l'later

S6nples

iler€ col

l€ct.rt(l

in

pl,rst

ic i;ot.Lles

aptrrlr

i;rlc! r-,

1y

:1

.t,

111;11,';-.,i

itr:'l

i.;a

thLr

SurF,tce,

:)amples

anilyzctl f

or

Sol,tltle

ir^r)rl

^errl

i,nrrr-,rj

i

al

,tI,J

f

i

itt,.ii,i

arrr!

fixerj'rriLh

hydruchloric

acir!,

and

garpl,lg

for ferrorla

irrrr

vrer-e

fir.€{l

irwn-erliately

with hyclr'ochloric

acirJ

,

Saitiples

an,liyzed

for

sulf

irlt:

fur

l5

..Jere

.

f

ixerJ

irn:nedintely

witlr

0 ,2

N

zi

rrc

acettti.e,

.trtrl

analysts

yJ(?re

r,.lrr

wrtirirt

l4

lroLrrs

of colle:Lion'.

Sulf

ite

,anr!

0H

vJ{lre

ilqa$u

retl

.itr

tlie

f ieirJ

,rr

in l.rtr:

labrtratori,

lrnnerliately

af ter

collectiorr.

IenperaLrrre

,tnd

tJissulveJ

oxySen ?rrlr'rr

;rrrjJ\i,r.,.,,1

in

tlte

firllcl

with

a YSI

l4odel57

dissolvcrJ

oxyger'r

rnrtLcr'.

(,orr<luctivity

w,ls

rnij.r.,urr,:l

in

the fielrl

wiLlt

a YSI Moclel

33

S-C-I

nreter,

anrl

Ltre I'r-,sulLs

w(:r.rl

c()r.recf

,j(l

f,)r

ternperabure dnd

used

bo calculaIe

toLdl:dissolvecl

soliris.

Chernical,p4r-4r1s1g1.5

'de'r-e

tnerlsrtrecl'.

using

the

.sarne

analyf ical

rnethods

qiven

in,Secl;

ion

3,

pa,-L'

I

,

.

her-ei

n,

-

2.3

---

(.

I l,littt

rjlr,t-;1i.,;1 ,'s.

,r.

'r

t,t

'

,.

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1.{,.-,

.,.:

f

lr:ilrJt iJ.;{.r.rfr:lri,J

ifi

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i;i

f

lt;*,,,:y.1 Iir;,;

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gBrirlq

ti{

197'j

nftr!

i.r:;ti:r'! |

r:;.r,

=;

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7,

1:

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fhr] lailc

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rt,ier:

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r.tiII^r;.

i.n'if11g1

tlxjrf{r

;r,rr

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fi;t5t1,,1..

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frllr;zirtrj

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di5crii:,e;J

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j.;ciirii:rr,,lr.i

0 rr,1',

irtLi:rrdilrl

l.it

r-rvllu.ll.t:

tlir-,

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;rr.1!

.:,

lJ.t,'r;i,...:

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Sh+al

Crr:t;k.

iiirtCc

'/,f,'tt-itr

,/r,15

ntl

pijlnlleJ

f rrtrl

iilr,:a1

i-1ql...,

qrr,tl

ity

at Lilnt

tl'.1

lir)rt w.tS

lislr,slJ(,

rlrr!7

l.rtt,,,r

a,.l!rrr.

'ar..

5pi I

lw.ly

orr'J

t

hrls irnp,t:t

in,;

t-hc

Strr-,,1,3. CnL,t ar.r:

I r rt,,,1

'i

lalllr:

?,

I arril Tab

l,:

2,?.

Dr'rtt,r]fl1,

sl,ati,)q

rirrrrul!

,trrri

,rrirrr?.itl/

ILtRlllrJITY

It

;'ii::,!.

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t

T

T

I

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I

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I

t

-!?

i';,::

.

.

,...]

i:

'l

r'

'Iurlritlity

'./d=s

0xtrernely hir;n irr

Slroal Creek ir

'4ar.clt

l!/t

(ltb!,:

i!,1),

.,riL,t

levels

1f

I

380

NTU,

l4/0

I'lIU,

,lnrJ

l5J0

NTIJ

obsr:rvrlrJ

aL

SLat

iprrs

I

,

3,

,lr1!

'1,

raspectively,

on

20

I,rt'clt. Tltese lriqh

levels

cor'r'e:;i)o't(lc:l

t,l

Ltrrl

,,11,'irlq

f

lr:{rr!

conditions.

'Prior

to i'larch,

turbidity-levels',vere

irr

Lhe

r,rriqr:

of

5

to

Jir

iiltl;

In April,

Lurllidil-y

returne(l

L0 normal

levels

0ven

llrotrglr

lri,lh f

luw

crtrtrliLirlrrs

rellained

(Fig.

2.1).

Turbidity

lcvels

v/ere noL

irnrrsu,)l

ly lriUh

df

Lc'r t.lri..

July-AulyrrrL

l9/9

f

loorJ

period.

0verall,

the lrirlhcsl

LurbirtiLy

lcvr-,ll

'rrcr.c

observed at Station

3

(Table

2.1). llowever,

in [)r:cr:rnl:r]r'

,lnrl

Jdnrrdry

t.lrtl

tri11t1t51.

,

levels

were obscrved

al

Statiorr

l, and in

rlarclr

Lhc lrighr:rL

lr.vr..l,.;,

.r,e,r'c

i)l)sr:r.ved

at Station 4. High levels

of

turbiclity

were

dssociaLerl

wiLh

rrigtr

leve

ls

of

ir.on

:l'

.,,

I',i

-,:.::;

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I

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l:::

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, il-

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t:a.-.:

and

total

phosphorus.

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:.'

: :'a

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:

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---

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r!

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f=!

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an.l t,lr,

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in

Shrra.l

Cr.t:ek

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lrirlh'alirlirrri_l

|eyels15oslldl:pfluc|tta|ir-rilsillpl|wol|l'|rtol.[){-ltlI.l':L,]r1.

t:

I)

I SSOLVEO

SCL

II)S

.

:

'

l

-

l

Iotal

dissolvetl

s()lids

(1DS)

concenLraLir)ns

,verd rnrrctr

hi,;trr:r

nt

,it

.rLi4n

i,

,

t'

upsLrearn

of

l,htl

lake

discltarge

channel,

in Lhe

f

all

o

r

l!/\

Llr,rrr

at

t.trr-,

oLlrCr.

sbaLions (Fig.

2,5), TDll

levels

increasr-,d

Lhr.rrqrr

Lirr: vri'r.cr-

(rt

nrr

.,r,,,

,,,,,r,

then .Jecreased

subsLanLially

in

l,larch

1979

wiilr

Lirc

5pr'inq

f

lortl

(Talrlr

;:.?),

In Apri

1,

T0S

levels,rose

at::all

staLions,

wittr Lhe

gfeoLesL

irtcrr.,a5rj'i)(:crrrrirr,:l

af

,italions''idownstream

of the,Cof

fee'n

l-ake

sp:i llway.

AL

thaL

Lirrrr:,

l'i]S

t'

concentrattons

werc

illuch gredter

at:

jtaL

ion

0,':l.tre

I

akc

over-f

lrl/,

clld.r.tf

I

,

lharr

at

the

Shoal

Creek

,stations

s

jnce

If)S

was

typical

ly

gr.g,lt-Jr.

in

Cof fcen'Lake

Lharr

,.

:,"

.

,,-,.

,,,,

:

':

..|/:

...:.:.

.:

.

.2,12

,,

'-,

;-,'

.

l.':

--:'

::

.,'

."

:i;:

-:

,.,

1

ll:

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

t

t

T

I

T

l

I

---

..:..

llo

z

9

F

F<

a

I

I

zz

9g

FF

Ft-

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;:

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d

r'

lr :

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t:r\a

l

f1

!:

::

F{

a4

IL:

@

F

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.

:,..,

{=l

i=:,1

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(v

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2.13

---

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It

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z,=

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.A

:

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:',4

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a:2

l:

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<:

:i'l;

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i.:

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a

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(0

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FFF

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).5

---

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:.]

i

n,

Shoa'l

Cr'eek.

',Ey

rn!d-l4ay,'

however,

.the

c0rr(.erllr

ttniforrrr

dtnonq

staliL.ns.

Then in.l.'rfrt,r]uly

ail(l

enr

attrJ

ovgrf

lor f rorn',thc

I

ake occurred,

T0S

levoi

s

i

n

i

substanLiatly

while

lr:vels

at St.ation

0

irrcr.cas.lC.

rtat

ion, lavels

of

T0S

.Jere

back

to nor-,na

l,

rvil.h

rro

overflovr.

Sul fate

concentrat ions

Lake. In

Shoal

Creek,

Stations3and4frorn

alions

hat,

aqain becrrnc f.lirlr'

ly

liurSrrst-,

whi!!t

rtrl0t"itrr'

i

:.)riil

Shoal

Creek aq,:in

.itari:i.-ir:iJ

lly

nrirl-Augrrst.,

llrp,lr.i

r

'

,:

app,lrent.

el

f

r-rCt

f

r0:n

tric

I

li:*

Alkal

inity

concentratlons

were

cortsiderabiy

gru.atelin

Shoal

Creek Liran

in

Cof fcen'Lake

at al

I tinres

except March

l97g,'durlng

the

spr-in3

f 1oo11. Prior

Lc,.

M.irch

l97i),

alkal

inity

was

observerl in

the

rangc

ol' aboirL

250

tri

2il0

;,r3/l

.rs

CaC03

at

S'.ations

3

and

4, however, frorn

li,ugrrst throrrqlr

l,love.nbcr'lg7i.l,

lr:vels

*ere

3C

to

90

:ng/l

higher

at Statiort l.

Thcse rlaLa

c0rrcspond to

tri3h

Lr;tal

dissolved

r;illids'levels

at Station

I

cJuring

ilrat Linre;

ln irnril lst/9,

alkal irtity

i

ttcreased

at

al

I staLions

in

spite

rlF

over'f

lol

f

r-o;n

trre Lrke, buL ilr,l

levels

at

stations

rJownstream

of

the spil lwa.y increasr:d

Jt ,t

slower'

r'dLe

tharr

dirt

concerttratiorts

at

Station

l.

Alkalinity

levels

continrrcrJ t()

incr.r],tse

unL: l

July,

and

a

small

dco-easc

was

ollservctJ

after

the

sunrrner.

l-lootl

(table

2,2).

ilar<Jness

inct'eased

at all

stations

rlurinq

the f

all of

I978.

As

rvit.h oLlrrr

cl issolvetl

contpr)rtents,

concerrtrations

decreaserJ

rlranrrt.ical

ly irr i,1ai'cir

1979

drrrirrq

the

sprinq f

lood, then

started increasing

to rtorflral icvrtls

in

April

(Tolrle

2.2).

Ch)qr

ide

cortcentrat.ions in

Shoal

Creek

erere

gcr'teral

ly

si:nil ar

to

concenlraL

ions

i'n

Cof faen

Lake; therefore

spi

l lway

discharges had

I

ittlc

ef

f

ect

on

the

sLr-crlrn.

Al

I

stations

,lxcept

Station'

I

had sirni

lar chlorjrle

levels

(Iable

2.

|

).

Chlorirje

concentrations

at

Station I were

extrernely irigh rclative

Lo the

oLlrer

sIations

frorn tlte beginning

of, the study in

August

1978 tnrorrqh

l'lovernbcr

l9/3,.,uiLn

Iirc

rnixjrnum

concentration

if

145 rng/l

observeri in

Septernber.

Station

concerrtraLioni

trctP fairly

cortsist.ent through

tne

winter,

then

clroppert

Lo

rr

minirnurn

of alrorrl lZ

rlrg/l at al I stat

jons

in

llarch 1979

(Table

2.2).

Frorn

thaL

time

urrti I Llrc

enil

of

the

sturly

in Septernbei 1979, Station

I again

harl

the

h ighcst

chloritte

concentrations

with a

rnaximurn

observed

in

Septernber

of atlout

55

rng/1.

-

I

I

I

l

I

I

r

r

I

T

t.

!:

I

I

1

t.

l'

!.

':

-::

!.

:.1

T'

I.

t:

l.

!,

:

I.

f:

:

l.

I,

.

l.

l,

...

l:

l.

l:

''.'t:

i'

.

:::,

..

!:

l.

in

Shoal Creeki'were,,lconsi'cleratrly

lower

than

in

Coffeerr

ccncentrations

were-'slightly lriglrer.,rt

StaLion

I t.hat

at

August thiough

Novernljer l97tJ.

:Frorn

Decernbcr

to i,4ariir,

2.16

---

c0ncentration5

at

al

I

threc

slrca,l

stationi

,rr{.r^il

fii:el i.y

tirr:

ia:re,

i

{lrt(:r

rdse-

:

vlaS

Observt'd

in

llarChr

C0r'rqr5pgnrling

LO

tlir:

.,;rr

iri.l f

]i-ri;1j

i l,:5 i,:

1.

?

j

.

lri

i1pl.,i

j

drld

May'

concentrdtions

*erc

rnrrch

lriqher

aL SLdtirrn\

3

anrJ

,i

tii,lrr

ii