0p
.
?
United
Environmental
States
Protection
?
4301Clice
of Water
?
EPA-820-8-96-001
?
P
?
Agency
September 1296
0
p
s , 1995
.
Update:
.
p
?
.. 111111111111111111111
0
Water quality
p
Criteria
•
Protection
Documents
.
?
..
?
,...,
?
of
for
.
•
the
.
AquOti
O
.
.
.
:
.Life..in . • .
•
Ambient
Wafer
•
CONTENTS
Page
Arsenic(III)
Cadmium
?
?
8-1
ChrOmium(III)
?
C-1
Chromium(VI).
?
D-1
Copper
Cyanide . . . .
?
?
.
.•
.8-1-F-1
.Dieldrin
?
•
?
A
G-1
Endrin ?
H-1
Lindane
?
I-1
•
Mercury(II)
?
J-1
Nickel ?
K-1
Parathion
?
L-1
Pintachlorophenol
............. ' . . .
?
. . M-1
Selenium
N-1
•
Zinc ?
0-1
iii
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of these updates
is
to apply the methodology and
datasets used in the derivation of the GLI aquatic life criteria
to the national aquatic life criteria for these pollutants in-
fresh water. The methodology is that described for Tier
I
in
Appendix A
to
Part 132: Great Lakes Water Ouality Initiative
Methodologies for Development of Aquatic Life Criteria and Values
(Federal Register 60:15393-15399; March 23, 1995). This
methodology differs from that described in the 1985 Guidelines
(U.S. EPA 1985) in the following important ways:
a.
The GLI methodology gives preference to species that are.
resident in the. Great Lakes System. This has no impact on
these criteria, however, because the sensitive species in
these datasetS that ate considered commercially or
'recreationally important for the purposes of deriving
national
'aquatic life criteria are the
same.as
the sensitive species in
these datasets that
are
considered commercially or
recreationally important for the purposes of
deriving GLI
•
aquatic life criteria.
b. The GLI methodology does not use the
Final Residue Value
(FRV)
that was used in the'1985 Guidelines.. Instead of using the
FRV.in
the derivation of aquatic life criteria, human health
and
wildlife criteria are
to be derived using guidelines that
▪
are designed to provide adequate protection to human health
and wildlife.
•
c. Acute-Chronic Ratios (ACRs) for saltwater species are not used
in the derivation of criteria for freshwater species if the
Minimum Data Requirements for chronic data are satisfied by
data for freshwater species..
?
•
Other aspects of the methodology
are
generally identical to those
presented in the 1985 Guidelines.
Although
it is
not part of the methodology, if the range of
Species Mean Acute
Values (SMCVs)
or Species Mean
Mean Chronic
(SMCVs) within
a
genus was greater than
a
factor of five, the
Genus Mean Acute Value or Genus Mean
Chronic
Value was set equal
to the lowest SMAV.or SMCV in that genus to provide adequate
protection to
.
the tested species in the genus. Whenever this was
done, it
is
footnoted in the relevant table.
The datasets used in these updates used new data that were
considered-to be of acceptable quality along with the data in the
criteria documents previously published by the U.S. EPA, which
are referenced in the
section
for each pollutant. "New data" are
data that.became available since the last literature search used
in the preparation
of
the criteria document
by U.S. EPA and prior
iv
to January 1993. Some errors in the U.S. EPA criteria documents
were corrected and. the new taxonomy
for
salmonids
was used; some
SMAVs 4nd GMAVs
are
different from those in the U.S. EPA criteria
documents due to the preference for results of "flow-through,
measured" tests. Although some new data could have been used to
revise the slopes relating acute and/or chronic toxicity to
hardness
or
pHp'it was decided that revision was not necessary at
this time. Thus
all
of the slopes used herein are the same as
those used in the criteria documents previously published by the
U.S. EPA.
These updates affect criterion
concentrations (i.e.,
Criterion
Maximum.Concentrations and/or Criterion Continuous
Concentrations), but not averaging periods or frequencies of.,
allowed exceedances. Four digits are given in
the criterion .
concentrations
because these are intermediate values in the
derivation of permit limits.
The following
ACR
CCC =
CMC
FAV
=
FCV
=
GMAV
=
GMCV
=
FACR
SMACR
=
SMAV
=.
.
SMCV
=
abbreviations are used in this.document:
Acute-Chronic Ratio
Criterion Continuous Concentration.
Criterion Maximum
Concentration
Final Acute Value.
Final Chronic Value
Genus
Mean
Acute Values
Genus
Mean Chronic
Value
Final Acute-Chronic Ratio
Species Mean
Acute-Chronic Ratio
Species Mean Acute Value
Species.
Mean
Chronic Value
1995 UPDATE:
Freshwater Aquatic Life Criterion for
Arsenic(III)
The new acceptable acute and chronic data for arsenic(III) are
given in•
Tables Al and A2. These new data were used with those
given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for arsenic
(U.S. EPA 1985) to obtain the values given in Table A3.
Criterion Maximum Concentration
(CMC)
The
Final Acute
Value (FAV)
was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table A3,
resulting in a FAV
of
679.6 ug/L. This value did not
need
.
to be lowered to protect
a
commercially or recreationally important
.
species. The CMC was
:calculated by dividing the
FAV by?
resulting in a CMC of
1,3c1.14
ug/L,
as
total recoverable
arsenic(III).
•
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic tdxicity data were'available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value -(FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were- available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the
FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic
• Ratio
(FACR). The
new chronic' test gave an ACR of 3.784; the geometric Mean of this
• value and the
ACR in U.S.
EPA (1985) for the same species was
4.199. This and the two other.Species Maul ACRs in U.S. EPA
(1985) are given in Table A3;"the three
ACRs were within a factor
of
1.2. The FACR was calculated
as the geometric mean of
the
three ACRs and was 4.594. The FCV = FAV/FACR
mt (679.6
ug/L)/(4.594)
gm
147..9 ug/L.
•
This value did not need
to be
lowered
.
to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species. The CCC
wasp147.9
ug/L,
as
total recoverable
arsenic(III).
The Criterion
The procedures described in the methodology indicate that, except
possibly where a locally important species
is
very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms should not-be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration•of•
arsenic(III)
does not
exceed 147.9 ug/L more .than once every three years on the
average
and if
the
one-hour average concentration does not exceed 339.8
ug/L more.than once every three years on the average.
A-1
Table Al.
New
Acute
•
Values for Arsenic(III)
.
Species
fathead minnow,
Method
• Chemical
Sodium
Test
Duration
(hrs)
Acute
Value
. (ug/L)
Pimephales promelas
FT,
M
arsenate
96
12,600
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
•
s, v
Sodium
arsanite
48
4,501
Cladoceran.
Sodium
Daphnia pulox
5,U
arsenate
48
2,366
-Cladoceran,
Coriodaphnia reticulate S, V
Sodium
a
rsenate
48
1,269
Reference
Spehar and
Fiandt 1986
anabarawy
at al. 1986
tinabarawy
at al. 1986
tlnabarawy-
et al. 1986
•
FT • flow-through, M • measured, S • static, U • unmeasured.
1 .
.zle A2. New Chronic Values -for Arsenic(III)
Acute
?
Chronic Acute-
Value
?
Value
?
Chronic
Species
?
Test•?(uq/L)
?
(uq/L)
?
Ratio
?
Reference
' fathead minnow,
?
ELS?
12,600
?
3,330?
3.784
?
Spehar and
Pimephales promelas
?
riandt 1986
• ELS mil•early life stage.
Table A3. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Arsenic(III)
•
Genus Mean
?
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value
?
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
Rank*?
(uq/L)
?
Species
?
(uq/L)? Ratio
?
14
?
97,000
?
' 97,000
.Tanytarsus dissimilis
?
13
?
41,760
?
Bluegill,
?
41,760
Lopata, macrochirus
?
12
?
26,040 . Goldfish,
?
26,040
Carassius auratus
11 '?
24,-500:
?
Snail,
?
. '24,500
Aplexa hypnorunt
?
10
?
22,040
?
Stonefly,?
22,040
Ptoronarcys californica
•
?920,130?
?
Flagfish,
?
20,130
Jordanella floridae
?
8?
18,100 • . Channel catfish
?
.18,100
Ictalurua punctatus
%
?714,960?
?
Brook trbut,
?
14,960
Salvelinus fontinalis
?
6?
14,065?
Fathead minnow,
?
14,065
Fimephales promise
?
5?
13,340
?
Rainbow trout,
?
13;340
Oncorhynchus mykiss
?
4?
2,690?
'.Cladoceran,
?
4,449
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
?
1,626
Daphnia pulex
•
?1,511 •
?
Cladoceran,
?
1,.511
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
?
1,175?
Cladoceran,?
812
Simocephalus serrulatus
Cladoceran,
?
1,700
Simocephalus vetulus
?
1?
874?
Amphipod,
?
874
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
fiN
4.862
4.199
4.748
A-4
•
• Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value.
?
s,
170/ • 679.6 uq/L
CNC • FAV/2 • 339.6 uq/L
FACR ga-4.594
FCV • FAV/FACR •
(679.6 %of/W(4.594) • 147.9
usi/L •
CCC
References
el
e •
Elnabarawy, M.T.,?
Welter, and . R.R. Robideau. 1986.
Relative Sensitivity of Three Daphnid Species to Selected Organic
and Inorganic Chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-398.
Spehar, R.L., and J.T. riandt.. 1986. Acute and Chronic Effects
of Mater Quality Criteria-based MatalAixtures
on'Three Aquatic
Spdcies. Environ.°Toxicol. Chem.' 5:917-931.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Arsenic -
1984. EPA 440/5-84-033. National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA.
1995 UPDATE:
':
Freshwater Aquatic Life Criterion for Cadmium
The new acceptable acute and chronic data for cadmium are given
in Tables BI and B2. These new data were used with those given
in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for cadmium (U.S. EPA
1985) to obtain the values given.in Tables B3 and 84.
• Because
the toxicity of cadmium is hardness-dependent, all acute and
chronic values in Tables B3 and B4 have been adjusted to a
hardness of 50 mg/L.
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
The SMAVs giveh in Table B3 for the green sunfish, bluegill, coho
salmon, and rainbow trout were derived from U.S. EPA (1985) by
giving preference to results of "FT,W tests. Several SMAVs
given in U.S. EPA (1985) were changed or eliminated due td
?
.
deletion of tests that were conducted in river water by Spehar
and Carlson (1984a,b).
The yinal Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values in Table 83 1
.resulting in an
my
of 4.134
ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L. This:value did not need to be
lo*ered to protect. a commercially or recreationally important
species. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2,
resulting in a CMC of 2.067•ug/L • as total recoverable cadmium,
at•
a hardness of 50 mg/L. The
CMC
was related to hardness using
the slope of 1.128 that was derived in U.S. EPA (1985):
•
?
1.128(1n hardness) - 3.6867
CMC • e
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Two chronic values given
in
U.S. EPA (1985) were not used here
because the tests were conducted in river water by Spehar and
Carlson (1984a,b). The chronic value given in U.S. EPA (1985)
for
Mina
macrocopa was not used here because the concentrations
of cadmium were not measured.
Chronic toxicity tests have been conducted on cadmium with a wide
variety of aquatic species and the resulting•ACRs have a wide
range, even within sensitive species (U.S. EPA 1985). Therefore,
the Finals Chronic Value (FCV) was calculated using the eight-
family procedure that was used to calculate the FAV and was used
to calculate the FCV for cadmium in U.S. EPA
.
(1985). As in U.S.
B-1
EPA (1985), the FCV was calculated using the value of n used in
the calcination of the F►V (i.e., n • 43). The PCV was 1.4286
ug/L at i•hardness
of 50 mg/L. This value did not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species. Thus the CCC was 1.4286 WIN, as total recoverable•
cadmium, at a hardness of 50 mg/L. The CCC was related to
hardness using the slope of 0.7852 that was derived in U.S. EPA
(1985):
0.7852 ( ln hardness) - 2.715
CCC
e .
•
The Criterion
The procedures described in the methodology indicate
th'at, except
possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms should not.be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average
concentration of cadmium does not exceed
the numerical value (in uq/L)
given by
the
equation
0.7852 ( la hardness) - 2.715
CCC a •
more than once every three year's on the average and if the
one-hour average concentration does not exceed the numerical
value (in uq/L) given by
the
equation
1.128 ( la hardness) - 3.6867
Cl4C e.
•
more than once every three years on the average.
•
•••
••
Table 81. Hew Acute Values for Cadmium
Species
Hardness
(mg/i• as
Method• CaCO3)
Acute
Value
(ug/L)
Adlusted
Acute
Value
(ug/L)** Reference
41•14110.11,
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulax
Cladoceran,
Daphnia putt*
Cladoceran
Daphnia pule*
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magma
Apphipod.
Crangonyx pse4dogracilis
Crayfish,
Orcon•ctes virilis
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus aykiss
S,V?
240
?
184?
31.36
S,U?
-120?70?
26.07
S,U
?
200?50?10.47
S,V?
200?
100?
20.94
SAT '
?
240?
, 319?
54.37
S,V
?
24C?
178?
30.3
Sett?
50
?
. 1700
?
1700
!Al?
26
?
•
?
6100
?
12755
rrom?
9.2?
<0.5
?
<3.37
Clnabarawy
at al.
1986
Nall et al.
1986
Hall at al.
1986
Rail et al.
1986
tlnabarawy
ei al. 1986
ILliabatawy
et al. 1996
Martin and
Holdich 1986
Miranda 1966
Cusimano and
Srakke 1986
-Oncorhynchus
Rainbow trout,sykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus aykiss
Rainbow trout
(28-day
egg),
Oncorhynchus aykiss
Rainbow trout
(14-day egq),'
Oncorhynchus aykiss
Rainbow trout
(24-hr. egg),
Oncorhynchus aykiss
Rainbow trout
(0-hr. egg)",
Oncorhynchus aykiss
iTtS
?
50
?
30
?
30?
Van Leeuwen
e al. 1985
SO?
10
?
10
?
Van Leeuwen
et al. 1995
rr,m?
,50?
9200
?
9200••* Van Leeuwen
et al. 1985
rT,14
?50?
7500
?
7500••• Van Leauwen
et al. 1985
Mt'
?
50 : 13000
?
13000*•* Van Leeuwen
et al. 1985
fora'
?
50 •
?
13000
?
13000••• Van
Latuwen
et al. 1985
13-3
•
?
Table Bl. (Cont.)
Adjusted
Hardness Acute?
Acute
(Ng/L as Value
?
Value
Species
?
NOtho
•
CaCCV?
(WL)
(ug/LI
•
?Reference
Will,•■■■i■i■■41WWWW■abii■■■61.1104•■■■!fti■i■i■i■•■■••■■■•■■■i■••■•■■■•■■•■■■■i ...... 411wftem..
Striped bass.
Moron saxatilis
Striped bass,
Moron* saxatilis
•
40?
4?
3.14?
Palawaki
et al. 1983
SO,
?
283?
10 .
?
1.4
?
Palawski
et al. 1983
■••••••■■•••■■■•••••■■••■•■■•■•■••••■■■■■11
?
IlrOIMIHNIMINMWS•IMPIIN• 11M14114■4111••••■•••■■••••••••••••••••■•••••••■••••
•
•
TT • flowthrough. N • measured. $ • static. tt • unmeasured.
•• Adjusted to Whardness of 30 ng/L using a slope of 1.128.
••• Not used in the calculation of the VW because data' were available for a
more sensitive life stage.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Table B2.
?
New Chronic Values for Cadmium
Hardness
(mq/1, as
Chronic
Value
Adjusted
Chronic
Value
Species
Test*
CaCO3)
(uq/L)
(uq/L)**
Reference
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulate
LC
240
0.4
.
0.12***
Linabarawy
et al. 1986
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
LC
240
4.3
•
1.25***
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Cladoceran,
Daphnia puler
LC
106
7.07
3.919
Ingersoll and
Winner 1982
Cladoceran,
Daphnia puler
LC
65
•
7.49
6.096
Hiederlehnar
1984
Cladoceran,
Daphnia puler
LC
240
.13.7
cp.'
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986 •
Oligochaete,
Aeolosomaheadleyi
LC
.
65
2549
20.50
Hiedeklohner
1984
•••••■••• ?
••
?
■
* LC
life
cycle.
** _Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mq/L
using
a
slope of 0.7852.
*** Not used in derivation of the criterion because the
concentrations of
cadmium were not measured.
•
. B-!.5
Table 83. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Cadmium
Genus Mean?
Species Mean
Acute Value?
Acute Value
Rank*
?
(WL)**?
Species
?
(ug/L)**
43
.
?12755
?
Crayfish,?
12755
.
Orconectes virilis
42
?8325
?
Goldfish,
?
8325
.
Carassius auratus
.
?
41?
8100.?
Damselfly,
?
8100
•
(Unidentified)
'40
?7921?
Tubificid wore,
?
7921
Rhyacodrilus.montana
39 •?
7685
?
Mosguitofish,
?
7685
Gambusia affinis
38?
6915.?
Tubificid waive,
? 6915'
Stylodrilus heringianus
37 -
?
4990?
Tubificid worm,'
?
4401
Spirosperma
.
faro*
?
.
Tubificid worm,
?
5658
Spirosperma nikolskyi
.
36*
?
4977
?
Threespine stickleback
?
4977•
pasterosteus aculeatus
35
?
4778
?
Tubificid worm, -
?
4778
Varichaeta pacifica
.?
.
34
?
4024?
Tubificid worm,.
?4024
Tubifex tubifex •
33
?
4024
?
Tubificid worm,
?
4024
Quistradilus multisetosus
32
?
3800
?
Snail,
?
3800
Amnicola sp..
31?
3570?
Guppy,
?
' 3570
Poecilia reticulata
30 •
?
3514
?
White sucker,
?
3514
Catostomus cornersoni
29?
3400
?
Caddiafly,?
3400
(Unidentified)
28?
. 3018
?
Tubificid worm,
?
3018
Branchiura sowerbyi
B-6
Table 53. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
?
species Mean
Acute Value
?
Acute Value
Rank'
?
(ug/L)"
?
Species
?
(uq/L)"
27?
2888
?
Flagfish,
?
2888
Jordanella floridae -
26
?
2400
?
Northern sq....
ish,
?
2400
Ptychochoilus oregonensis
25?2395 ?
Green
sunfish,
?
2399
Lepomis cyanellus
Pumpkinseed,
?
1347
Lepomis gibbosus
Sluegill,?
4249.
Lepomif macrochirus
24
?
2310?
Mayfly,?
•?
2310..
Ephemerella grandis
23?2137
?
Tubificid
worm, ?
2137
Limnodrilus hoffmeistori
22?1700
?
Worm.?
1700
Mats sp.
21
?
1700?
Amphipod,
? 1700
Crangonyx pseudogracilis?
'
•
20
?
• 1200
?
Midge,
•?
1200
Chironomus sp.
19
?
' 736?
American
eel,?
.736
Anguilla rostrata
18?401?
Tsopod,
?
401
As•Ilusbiatenata
17?
221.9
?
Sryozoan,?
221.9
Plumatella emarginata
16?
215.5?
Common carp,
?
215.5
Cyprinus carpio
15?
156.9
?
Snail,
?
156.9
Physa gyring
14
?142.5?
Sryoroan,?
142.5
. Pectinatella magnifica
.
r
13
?
104.0?
Snail, '?
104.0
Aplexa hypnorum
0
B-7
Tlble B3.
(Cont.)
tt
•
.Genus Mean?
Species
Mean
Acute Value?
Acute Value
Rank*
?
(ug/L)**
?
Species
?
(ug/L)"
?
12?
98.79?
Banded killifish,
?
98.79
Fundulus diaphanus
11 .?
74.99?
Amphipod,?
80.33
Ganciarus pseudolimnaeus
Amphipod,
?
70.00
Gammarus
sp.
?
16?
48.28•?
Cladoceran,
?
48;28
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
?
9?
42.8
?
Isopod, •
?
42.8
Lirceus alabamae
?
40.78
?
Cladoceran,
?
40.78
Moina macrocopa
?
7
?
10.54 '?
Ilryosoan,
?
• 30.54
Lophopodella cirteri
.
?30.50?
Fathead minnow,
?
.
? 30.50
Pimephales promelas
?
3 3?
29.96?
• Cladoceran,
?
.
?
33.2
Simocephalus serrulatus.
Cladoceran,
?
27.03
Simocephalus vetulus
?
4?
21.13?
Cladoceran,
?
14.2
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
?
31.43
Daphnia pulex
?
5.421?
Coho salmon,
?
6.48 '
Oncoihynchus kisutch
Chinook salmon,
?
4.254
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Rainbow trout,
?
5.78
Oncorhynchus mykisa
?
2?
2.682*** White perch,
?
7544
Morone americana
•
Striped bass,
?
2.682****
Morone saxatilis
B-8
p
Tl.ole 83.
?
(Cont.)
Genus Mean
?
Species Mean
' Acute Value
?
Acute Value
Ranks?(uq/L)**
?
Species
?
(ug/1)
4,1,
1.647
?
Brown trout,?
1.647
salmo trutta
Ranked frommost resistant to most sensitive based on Genus
Mean
Acute
Value.
•**•
At hardness 12 '50 mg/L.
**• The GMAV was set equal to the lower SMAV due to the large range in the
slWVs in this genus.
a***
This WAY was based on the results reported by Palawski et al. (1985)
because they were considered better data than those given in U.S.' EPA
(1985), although the data, reported by Hughes (1973) supported the newer
data.
•
At
'hardness • 50 mg/L: :
FAV 4.134 Ug/L
CMC !WW2
∎
2.067 ug/L
As a function of hardness:
1.128(ln hardness) 3.6867
CHIC•
•
Table B4. Ranked Genus Mean Chronic Values for Cadmium
Genus Mean
?
Species Mean
Chronic Value
?
Chronic Value
Rank"
?
(uog/L)**
?
Species
?
(ug/L)*•
p
?
12?
20.30
?
Oligochaetec
Aeolosoma headleyi
?
11?16.32?
Bluegill,
Lapomis macrochirus
?
10
?
15.40?
Fathead mihnow,
Pimephales promelas
?
9?
8.170?
Smallmouth bass,
Micropterus dolomieu
?
8..138?
Northern piki,
Esox lucius
20.30
16.32
13.40
8.170
a
8.138
1
?7.849?
White sucker,?
7.849
Catostomus commersoni
?
7.771
?
Atlantic salmon,
?
8.192
Salmo salar,
Brown trout,
?
7.372
Salmo trutta
5.336?
Flagfish,
?
5.336
Jordanella floridae
4.841?
Snail,
Aplexa
hypnorma
•
4.383'
.
Brook trout,
?
•?
2.362
Salvelinus fontinalis
Lake trout,?
8.134
Salvelinus namaycush
3.399
?
Coho salmon,
?
4.289
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Chinook salmon,
?
2.694
Oncochknchus tshawytscha
0.1334*** Cladoceran,
?
0.1334
Daphnia magna
•Cladoceran,?
4.888
Daphnia pulex
a
•
B-10
•
•
Ranked from most resistant to mast sensitive
Value. ""
At hardness • SO mg/L.
•.*
The GMCV
was set equal to the lower SMCV due
SMCVs for this genus.
At hardness • 50
tag
/L:
FCV
•
1.4286 ug/L•
CCC
As a function
of hardness:
O
based on Genus Mean,;hronic
to the large range in the
(calculated using n • 43)
CcC • •
0.7852(
la hardness ) 2.715
•
•
References
Cusimano, R.F.,
D.F.
Brakke, and G.A. Chapman. 19864 Effects of
pH on the .
Toxicities of Cadmium; Copper and'Zinc to Steelhead .
Trout (Salmo gairdneri). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 43:1497-1503.
Elnabarawy, M.R., A.N. Wetter, and R.R. Robideau. 1986.
Relative Sensitivity of Three Daphnid Species to Selected Organic
and Inorganic Chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-398.
Hall, W.S.,
R.L.
Paulson, L.W.
Hall,
Jr., and D.T. Burton. 1986.
Acute Toxicity of Cadmium and
Sodium
Pentachiorophenate to
Daphnids and Fish. Bull.•Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 37:308-316. • •
Hughes, J.S. 1973. Acute Toxicity of Thirty Chemicals to
Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis). Western Assoc. State Game
Fish
..Comm.
4
Salt Lake
City, UT. —
July.
?
•
••
?
•
Ingersoll, C.G., and R.W.' Winner; 1982. Effect on
Daphnia pulex
'(DeGeer) of Daily Pulse Exposures to Copper or Cadmium.' Environ.
Toxicol. Chem. 1:321-327.
Martin,
T.R4, and D.M. Mbldich. 1986. The Acute Lethal
Toxicity
of Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans (with Particular
Reference to. Fresh-water Asellids and Gammarids). Water Res.
20:1137-1147.
. Mirenda, R.J. 1986. Toxicity and Accumulation of Cadmium in the
Crayfish, Orconectes
virilis
(Hagen). Arch. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol. 15:401-407.
Niederlehner,
B. 1984. A
Comparison of Techniques for
Estimating the Hazard of Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment.
M.S. Thesis.
Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State
University.
Palawski, D., J.B. Hunn,
and F.J. Dwyer. 1985. Sensitivity of
Young Striped Bass
to Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Fresh
and Saline Waters.' Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 114:748-753.,
Spehar, R.L., and A.R. Carlson. 1984a. Derivation of Site-
Specific Water Quality Criteria
for Cadmium and the St. Louis
River Basin, Duluth, Minnesota. PB84-153196. National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, VA. ..
Spehar, R.L., and A.R. Carlson. 1984b. Derivation of Site-
• Specifici•Water Quality Criteria for Cadmium and the St. Louis
River Basin, Duluth, Minnesota. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 3:651-
665.
B-12
U.S. EPA.1985. Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Cadmium. ..iPA 440/5-84-032. National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, VA.
Van Leeuwen, C.J., P.S. Griffioen,
?Vergouw, and J.L. Maas-
Diepeveen. 1985. Differences in Susceptibility of. Early Life
Stages of Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to Environmental
Pollutants. Aquatic Toxicol. 7:59-78.
•
B-13
1995 UPDATE:
Freshwater Aquatic Life Criterion for Chromium(III)
•
The new acceptable acute data for chromium(III) are given in
Table Cl; no new acceptable chronic data were
found.
These data
were used with those given.in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria
document for chromium (U.S. EPA 1984) to obtain the values given
in Table C2. Because the toxicity of chromium(III) is hardness-
dependent, all acute values in Table C2 have been adjusted to a
hardness of 50 mg/L.
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
The Final Acute
Value ( •FAV)
was
calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values in Table C2, resulting
in an FAV
of 2044
ug/L
at a hardness of 50.mg/L. This value did not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species. The CMC
.
was calculated by dividing
•the
FAV by
2,
resulting in a. CMC of 1022 ug/L, as total
.
recoverable
chromium(III), at a hardness of 50 mg/L. The CMC was related to
hardness using the, slope of 0.819 that was derived in U.S. EPA
(1985):
• CMC = e
0.819(1whardriess) +3.7256
Criterion Continuous Concentration
(CCC)'
,Insufficient
chronic
toxicity data.were.available
to calculate a
Final
Chronic Value (FCV) using the'eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the
Final.Acute-Chronic*Ratio
(FACR). SMACRs
were available for three species.(Table C2) and the highest SMACR
was obtained with the most resistant of the three. The other two
SMACRs were within a factor of 2.4. The
FACR
was calculated.as
the geometric mean of*the two ACRs and wad 41.84. The FCV
-
FAV/FACR
•
(
2044
ug/L)/(41.84) • 48.85 . 14/L at
a hardness of 50
mg/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species. Thus the CCC
was
48.85 ug/L, as total
•
recoverable chromium(III),•at a hardness
of 50 mg/L. The CCC, was related to hardness using the slope of
0.819: .
?
• •
0.819(ln hardness) + 0.6848
CCC = e
The Criterion
The procedures described in the methodology indicate that, except
possibly where a locally important species it very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the.four-day average concentration of chromium(III) does not
exceed the numerical value (in ug/L) given by the equation
0.819(1n hardness) + 0.6848
CCC • e
more than once every three years on the average and if the
one-hour average concentration does not exceed the numerical
value (in ug/L) given by the equation.
•
0.819(ln hardness) •:•• 3:7256
CMC
st
•
more than once every three years on the•average.
•
••
Table Cl. Hew Acute Values for Chromium(III)
Adjusted
Hardness Acute
?
Acute
(mg/L as Value?
Value
Species
?
Method•
CaCO,)
?
(uq/L) (uq/L)
••
• Reference
Amphipod,?
.S,U?
SO?
291,000 291,000
?
Martin and
Cranqonyx pseudogracilis .
?
Holdich 1986
•
* S • static, V • unmiasured.-
0*
Adjusted to a hardness of SO mq/L usinga.slope of 0.919.
Table"C2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Chrasima(III)
Genus Mean
?
Species MAMA
Species Mean
Acute Value
?
Acute Value?
Acute-Chronic
Ranks?tug/L)",
?
Species
?
(ug/L)"?
Ratio
•
19?291,000
?
Amphipod,?
W
■01#? ■■■
291,000
?
Crangonyx
pseudogracilis
1$
?
71060?
Caddisfly,
?
- .71060
Rydropsyche betteni' .
•
17
? 50000?
Caddisfly,
?
50000
Unidentified sp.
16?
43100
?
Damselfly, •?
43100 •
Unidentified sp.
15
?
16010
?
Cladoceran,
?
16010?>336.4"
Daphnia magus
14
?
15630
?
Sanded killifish,'
?
15630
?
••••■••■■•11
fundulus diaphanus
13?
15370?
Pumpkinsmid,
?
15720
?
IM.••■■■ ,
Words gibbosus
Sluegill,
Wools
macrochlrus
•12
?
14770
?
White perch,
Moroneamericana
Striped bass,
Moron. saxatilis
15020
13320
16370
61•41•■•••■••■
11
?
13230?
Common carp,
? 13230
Cyprinus carpi*
10?
12260?
.American
eel,?
12860
Anguilla rostrata
9?
11000?
Midge,?
11000
Chironomms sp.
10320?
fathead minnow,
?
10320
Pimephales presoaks
7? 10210?
.?
10210
Amnicola sp.
9669
?
Rainbow trout,
?
9669
Oncothynchus mykiss
5?
9300?
worse,
?
9300
Nat. sp.
■••■■••• •
•I• MIAMI 4•11
27.30
64.11
C-4
Table C2. (Cont.)
ed. .•
Genus Mean
?
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value
?
Acute Value
?
Acute-Chronic
R
an
k '
?
(ug/L)"
?
Species
?
(ug/L) • ?Ratio
4
?
8684
?
.Goldfish,
?
8684
Caraisius auratus
3
?
7053
?
Guppy,
?
7053
Poecilia reticulate
2
?
3200
?
Amphipod,
?
3200
04MMACUS
sp.
2221.?
Mayfly,
?
2221
tphemerella subverts
Ranked from
Value.
At hardness
Not used in
most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
SO mg/L.
the calculation of the final Acute-
:
Chronic Ratio.
•
?
•
•
?
•
•
.•
At hardness -
50'mq/L:
rAV
n
2044
ug/L,
CMC FAY/2 - 1022 ug/L
Ai
a
function of hardness:,
0.819(1n
hardness) • ;.7256
•
CHIC
•
•
•
fACR - 41.84
At hardness
n
SO
mg/L:
fAV/FACR
10
(2044 mg/L)/(41.84)
n
48.85•
ug/L
n
CCC
As a
function of hardness:
0.819(ln
hardness) •+ 0.6848
CCC •
•
••
R4ferences
Martin, T.R., and D.M. Holdich.. 1986. The Acute
of Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans (with Pa
Reference to Fresh-water Asellids and Gammarids).
20:1137-1147.
Lethal Toxicity
rticular •
Water Res.
U.S. EPA: 1985. Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Chromium(III) - 1984. EPA 440/5-84-029. National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, VA.
•qe
•
C-6
.?
1995 UPDATE:
Freshwater
Aquatic Life Criterion for Chromium(VI)
The new acceptable acute data for chromium(VI) are given in Table
D1; no new acceptable chronic data were used. These new data
were used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria
document for chromium (U.S. EPA 1985) to obtain the values given
in Table D2.
Criterion Maximum
Concentration (CMC)
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table D2, resulting in
.
a FAV of
:
32.04 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
Commercially or recreationally important species. The CMC was
calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 16.02
ug/L, as total recoverable chromium(VI)..
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate
.a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
?
.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the.FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR), Eight
SMACRS were available (Table D2), but three were high SMACRs that
Were obtained with resistant species and one was a "greater
than"
value. Of the eight, only four were appropriate for use in
calculating the FACR and the four were
,
within a factor of 6. The
FACR was calculated as the geometric mean of these four and was
2.917. The
FCV FAV/FACR
= (32.04:ug/L)/(2.917) = 10.98 ug/L.
This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially
or recreationally important species. 'The CCC was 10.98 . ug/L, as
total recoverable chromium(VI).
The Criterion
The procedures described in the methodology indicate that, except
possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of chromium(VI) does not
exceed 10.98 ug/L more than once every three years on the average
and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed 16.02
ug/L more than once every three years on the, average.
D-1
Tlble Dl.?
New Acute Values for Chromium(VI)
Acute Value
Species
Method*
Chemical
(ug/L)
Cladoceran,
S,U
K-dichromate
900**
Daphnia magna
'Cladoceran,
S,U
Na-dichromate
112**
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
S,M
K-dichromate
170**
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
S,U
K-dichromate
190**
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
S,M
?
•
K-dichromate
20**
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
S,U
K-dichromate
20**
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
S,M
K-dichromate
•
?
•
•
40**
Cladoceran,
S,U
K-dichromate
40**
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran;
S,U
Na-dichromate
122**
Daphnia
pulex
Cladoceran,
S,M
K-dichromate
180**
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
S,M
K-dichromate
180**
Daphnia pulex
Amphipod,
R,U
K-dichromate
420
Crangonyx pseudogracilia
Amphipod,
R,U
K-dichromate
810
Crangonyx
psoudogracilis
Bluegill,
S,M
K-dichromate
182,000**
Lepomis macrochi
rus
Bluegill,
S,M
K-dichromate
154,000**
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
S,M
K-dichromate
201,240**
Lepomis macrochirus
Reference
Berglind.and
Dave 1984
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Dorn et al. •
1987
?
•
Dorn,
et al.
1987
Dorn, et al.
1987
Dorn, et al.
1987
Dorn, et al.
1987
Dorn, et al.
1987
Elnabarawy
et
al.
1986
Jop et
al. 1987
Jop et
al. 1987
Martin and
Holdich 1986
Martin and
Holdich 1986
Jop et
al. 1987
Jop et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al. 1987
D— 2
Table 01.
?
(Cont.)
Acute Value
Species
Method* Chemical
(ug/L)
Bluegill,
S,U
K-dichromate 164,730**
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
S,M
K-dichromate
199,200**
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
S,U
K-dichromate
158,360**
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
S,M
K-dichromate
148,310**
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
S,U
K-dichromate .
146,530**.
Lepomis macrochirus
.
Fathead. minnow,
S,M
K-:•dichromate
46,000**
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
.
K-dichromate
34,000**
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
S,U
K-dichromate
26,130"
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
S,M
K-dichromate
•?
26,410**
Pimephales promelas
Reference
Dorn et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al.
1987
Dorn et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al.
1987
Jop et
al. 1987
Jop et
al.
1987
Dorn et
al.
1987
Dorn et
al. 1987
S
?
static,
FT
mg
flow-through,
M
a
measured, U sa unmeasured.
** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were
available
for
this species.from
a "FT,M" test.
Table D2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Chromium(VI)
Genus Mean
?
Species Mean
?
Speciex.Mean
Acute Value
?
Acute Value
?
Acute-Chronic
Rank*
?
(ug/L)
?
Species
?
(ug/L)?
Ratio
?
28
?
1,870,000
?
StoneflY,
Neophasganophora capitata
?
27
?176,000
?
Crayfish,
Orconectes rusticus
?
26
?
140,000
?Damselfly,
Enallagma aspersum
?
' 25?123,500
?
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cyanellus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
?
24
?119,500
?
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
?
23?
72,600?
White crappie,
Pomoxis annularis
?
22?
• 69,000
?
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
?
21
?
67,610?
Emerald shiner,
Notropis atherinoides
Striped shiner,
Notropis chrysocephalus
Sand shiner,
Notropis stramlneus
?
20?
61,000
?
Midge,
Chironomus tentans
?
19?
59,000?
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
?
18
?
57,300
?
Midge,
Tanytarsus dissimilis
17
?
51,250
?
Central stoneroller,
Campostoma anomaluin
16?
49,600?
Silverjaw minnow,
Ericymba buccata
1,870,000
176,000
140,000
114,700
132,900
119,500
.72,600
?
69,000
?260.8**
48,400
85,600
74,600
61,000
?
59,000
?
223**
57,300
51,250
49,600
D-4
7..ble D2.
(Cont.)
Genus Mean
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value
Acute Value
Acute-Chronic
Rank*
(ug/L)
Species
• (ug/L)
Ratio
15
47,180
Bluntnose minnow,
Pimephales notatus
54,225
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
41,050
18.55**
14
46,000
Johnny darter,
Etheostoma nigrum
46,000
13
36,300
Yellow perch,
Perca flavescens
36,300
12
30,450
Striped bass,
Morone saxatilis
30,450
11
30,000
Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
30,000
10
23,010
Snail,
Physa heterostropha
?
••
23,010
9
1,560
Bryozoan,
Lophopodella carteri
1,560
1,440
Bryozoan,
Pectinatella magnifica
1,440
7
650
Bryozoan,
Plumatella emarginata
650
6
630
Amphipod,
Hyalella azteca
630
5
583
Amphipod,
?
•
583
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
4
67.1
Amphipod,
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
67.1
3
45.1
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
45.1
1.13
2
36.35
Cladoceran,
Simocephalus
serrulatus
40.9
2.055
Cladoceran,
Simocephalus vetulus
32.3
5.267
D- 5,
Table D2.
?
(Cont.)
Genus Mean
?
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value
?
Acute Value?
Acute-Chronic
Rank*
?
(ug/L)
?
Species
?
(ug/L)
?
Ratio
28.94?
Cladoceran,?
23.07
?
>6.957**
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
?
36.3
?
5.92
Daphnia pulex
* Ranked from most resistant to most
sensitive based on Genus Mean
Acute
Value.
** Not used
in
tLa calculation
of
the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio:
FAV = 32.04 ug/L
CMC =
FAV/2 = 16.02 ug/L
FACR 2.917
FCV
=
FAV/FACR = (32.04
ug/L)/(2.917) = 10.98 ug/L = CCC
References
Berglind, R., and G. Dave. 1984. Acute Toxicity of Chromate,
DDT, PCP, TPBS, and'Zinc to Daphnia magna Cultured in Hard and
Soft Water. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 33:63-68.
Dorn, P.B., J.H. Rodgers, Jr., K.M. Jop, J.C. Raia, and K.L..
Dickson. 1987. Hexavalent Chromium as a Reference Toxicant in
Effluent Toxicity Tests. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 6:435-444.
Elnabarawy, M.T.,
A.N. Welter, and R.R. Robideau. 1986.
Relative Sensitivity of Three Daphnid Species to Selected Organic
and Inorganic Chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-398.
Jop, K.M., T.F. Parkerton, J.H. Rodgers, and K.L. Dickson. 1987.
Comparative Toxicity and Speciation of Two Hexavalent Chromium
Salts in Acute Toxicity Tests. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. '
6:697-•03.
Martin, J.R., and D.M. Holdich. 1986. The Acute Lethal Toxicity
. of Heavy.Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans (with Particular
Reference to Fresh-water Asellids and Gammarids). Water Res.
20:1137-1147.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Chromium -
1984. EPA 440/5-84-029. National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA.
1995 .UPDATE:
:;Freshwater Aquatic Life Criterion for Copper
The new acceptable acute
and
chronic data for copper are given in
Tables El
and
E2. These new data were used with those given in,
Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document foi copper (U.S. EPA
1985) to obtain. the values given in Table E3. Because the
toxicity of copper is hardness-dependent, all acute values in
Table E3 have' been adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L.
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
Data
given in
U.S."ERA 11985) for the species
Gammarus pulex
mere
not used because this species
is
not xesident in North America.
Several SMKVs'given in Table E3 were derived from U.S.
EPA
(1985)
by
giving
preference to results of "FT,140
tests.
The Final Acute
Value (FAV) was
calculated using the four lowest
Genus
Mean
Acute Values in Table E3, resulting in an FAV of 14.57
uq/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L. This value did not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially
or recreationally important
species:* The CMC was calculated by
dividing the FAV by 2,
resulting in a
CMC of 7.285 ug/L, as'total recoverable copper, at
a hardness of
•
50 mg/L. The
CMC
was related to hardness using the
slope of
0.9422
that
was derived in U.S. ERA,(1985):
0.9422 ( la hardness) . - 1.700
CMC e
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic
toxicity•data were available to calculate
a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.;
Sufficient
.
chronic. datawere available
to calculate a
FCV bb--
dividingthe
FAV by the
.
Final
.
Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). The
new chronic test
gave an
ACR of 15.48 with the fathead minnow;
the geometric mean of this value and the four ACRs for this
species in U.S. EPA (1985)
was
11.20. SMACRs were available for
nine species (Table E3) and were higher for resistant species.
To make the FACR appropriate for sensitive species, it was
calculated from the two
SMACRs
that
were
determined with species
whose SMAVs were close to the FAV. Thus the
FACR
was calculated
as the geometric mean of 3.297 and. 2.418 and was 2.823. The FCV
.
1.1
-FAV/FAq
m
(14.57 ug/L)./(2.823)
ma 5.161
ug/L at a hardness of
50 mg/L. -This value did not need to be lowered to protect a.
commercially or recreationally important species. Thus the CCC
E
-1
?
•
• was 5.161
wit,'
as total recoverable copper, at a hardness of 50
mg/L. The.CCC was related to hardness using the slope of 0.8545
that was derived in U.S. EPA (1985):
0.8545 (
in hardness) - 1.702
Ccc
a
e
The Criterion
The procedures described in the methodology indicate that, except
possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably •
if the four-day average concentration of copper does not exceed
the numerical value
(in ug/L) given by the equation
0.8545(ln hardness) - 1.702
CCC
= e
more than
once every three years on the average and if the
one-hour average concentration does not exceed
•
the numerical
value '(in ug/L) given by the equation
?
•
•
?•
e
0.9422 (in hardness) - 1.700
more than once every three years on the average.
• TaZ1e 11.
Maw
Acute Values for Copper
Adjusted
?
Hardness Acute
?
Acute
?
(mq/L as Value
?
. Value
Species
?
Method'?
CaCO3)?
(uq/L)
?
(uq/L)" Reference
Cladoceran,
?
$01
?
240?
23?
5.2?
Elnabarawy
Ceriodaphnia reticulate
?
et al. 1986
Cladoceran,
?
soy?
240
?41?
' '9.4?
Elnabarawy
Daphnia magna
?
et al. 1986
••
Cladoceran,
?
S,V
?
240?31?
7.1
?
Elnabarawy
Daphnia pules
?
.?
et al. 1986
Amphipod,
?
S,V
?50?
1290?
1290?
Martin and
Crangonyx pseudogracilisHoldich
'.
1986
?
'Asiatic clam,?
Imf,M
?
17?
>2600
>7184?
Harrison
Corbicula
manilensis •
?
et
al.
1984•
Midge,
?
S,M
?
44
?
739. 834
?
Kosalwat and
Chironomus decorus?
Knight 1987
.
fathead minnow, ''
?
nem
?43.9 .. 90
?
.109?
spehar and
Pimephales
.?
promelas
.
?
Tiandt 1986
Sluegill,
?
SIN?
.
31.2
?
340
?
530•••?
Salley et
Lapomis
.,,
macrochirus
?
al.•.915
Eluegill,
?
ff,14?
31.2
?
550
?
851
?
Bailey et
lapomis macrochirus?
• at. 1985
Rainbow trout,. •
?
'Tilt..
9.2 •?
* 2.8 ' 11 •
?
Cusimano and'
Oncorhynchus mykiss .
?
Brakke 1986
Striped bass, '
? sett
? 285'
?
270'?
52
?
Palawski
Moron. saxatilis
•
et al. 1985
11.■■■■■■■•■■■■■■■41WWWWIMWWW■NONVINWOOP■■■■■!M■■■■■■■■■■■MM■■■111100■!■■■■■■■■ .....
•
?
•
•
static, rir
s
flow-through, V • unmeasured..
M•se
measured.
" Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using theAllope of 0.9422.
" IP
Not used
in,
the calculation of the $MRV because data were available for
this species from a a new.
test.
E-3
•
Table E2.
New
Chronic
Values for Copper
Species
Acute
?
Chronic
?
Acute-
•
Value
?
Value
?
Chronic
Test•?(uq/L)
?
(uq/L)?
Ratio
?
Reference
■■■•■•■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ •
■!■■■■
Fathead
minnow,.
?
ILLS
?96?
6.2
?
19.48'
?
Spehar and
,Pimephales proclaim,
?
Fiandt 1986
•
• ELS early.life stage.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
E-4
136.2m
11•••••■•■
_MN
•
Table £3. Ranked Gnus mean Acute Values for copper
Genus Mean
?
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value
?
Acute Value Mute-Chronic
Rank•
?
(ug/L)••
?
Species
?
(ug/L)•*
?
Ratio
....mo.-■■■■■■■■■■■■■■•■■■■0■M■■■■■•■ftifti■■■■■■!■■•■■■■■■■•••■
•
43?
10240
?
Stonefly,
?
10240
Acroneuria lycorias
42
?
> 7184?
Asiatic clam,
?
>
7184
Corbicula manilensis
41
?
6200
?
Caddisfly,?
6200
Unidentified
sp.
40?
4600
•
Damsolfly,
?
4600
Unidentified sp.
39 .?
4303
?
American eel,
?
4305
Anguilla rostrata
38
?
1990
•
Crayfish,
?
1990
ProcaMbarus clarkii
37
?1877
?
Snail,
?
1877
Campeloms decisom
fa
36 .
?
1397?
Crayfish,
?
1397
Orconectes rusticus
33
?
1;90?
Amphipod,
?
1290
Crammer* pseudogracilis
34?
1057
?
Pumpkinseed,?
640.9
.
Lepomis- gibbons
.
t?
.
Sluegi/l,?
1742
ilpomis madrochirus
?
..
33
?900?
Snail, •
?
900
Ammicola sp.
32?
790.6?
Saededlillifish,-
?
790.6
Madan' diaphanus
31
?
684.3
?
Notambique tilapia
?
684.3
Tilapia mossambies
30
?
331.1
?
Striped shiner, •
?
331.8
Notropis chrysocephalus
29
?
229?
Goldfish,
?
281
.
Carassius +mamma..
28
?
glk42.7
?
germ,
?
•
? 242.7
Lumbrlculus variegatus
E-5
••••1•••ral
•
p
•
•
Table
t3.
• (Cont.)
Genus Mean
?
Species Mean Species Mean
•
Acute Value?
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
Rank*?
(ug/L)"
?
Species.
? (ug/L)"
?
.
?
Ratio
.
.
27
?
196.1
?
Mosquitofish,
?
196.1
Gawbusia affinis
•
26?
170.2- Midge,
?
197•
Chironomus tentans
.
?
Midge,
?
834 •
Chironomus deeorus
Midge,
?
30 '
Chironomus sp.
?
.
25 ':
?
166.2
?
Snail,166.2
. .
Goniobasis livescens
.24?
156.8
?
Common carp,
?
156.8
Cyprinus carpio
23?
141.2
.
Rainbow darter?
.?
86.67
.ttheostoma caeruleum
Orangethroat darter,
ttheostoma spectabile
230.2
Bryoroan,
135
Pectinatella magnifica
chiselmouth, "
•,
133
Acrocheilus alutacius
Brook trout,
110.4
7.776***
Salvslinus
fontinalis
Atlantic salmon,
salsa salar
109.9
Bluntness minnow,
I12.16
26.36***
Pimaphales
notatus
fathead minnow,
•
132.9
11.20***
Pimephales premiss
Worm.
90
Nais sp.
Blackness dace,
86.67
Rhinichthys atratulus
?
22
?
135
?
X
21
?
133
?
f
.-:-
20?
110.4
?
)( 19
?
109.9
?
18?
97.9
17
?
90
16
?
86.67
E
-
6
Table £3. (Cont.)
Genus Mean?
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value
?
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
Rank•?(ug/L)"
•
?
Species
?
(ug/L)**
?
Ratio
?
15?
.83.97 Creek chub,
?
63.97
Semotilus atromaculatus
?
14?83?
Guppy.
?
83
Poecilia reticulate
?
13?
78.53 Central stoneroller,
?
71.53
campostoma anemia=
?
'• 12
?
73.99 Coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisutch
?
87.1
Sockeye salmon,
?
•?
. 233.8
Oncorhynchus necks.
Cutthroat trout,
?
66.26
Oncorhynchus clarki
Chinook salmon,
?
42.26
?>
4.473*••
Oncorhynchus tshawytschab
•
Rainbow trout,?
38.89
Ohcorhynchus mykiss .
?
11?
69.61 Brown bullhead,
?
69.81
Ictalurucnebulosus
?
10
?
56.21 Snail,
56.21
Gyraulus circumstriatus
?
9?
53.08 Worm,
?
•S
33.08
Limnodrilus hoftmeisteri
52-s
i
?White perch,?
5860
Moron americanus
Striped bass,
?
51...
Marone saxatilis
?
7
?39.33
Snail,
?
35.91
Physa heterostropha
Snail,.
?
•
?
• 43.07
?
1.585•••
Physa Integra
?
. •
37.05 Sryotoan,
?
37.05
•
?
lophopodella carter!.
37.05 Sryoroan,
?
37.05
Plumatella emarginata
E-7
•
•
•
Table E3. (Cont.)
Rank*
2
'Genus Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)**
?
S
p ec
i
es
22.09?
Amphipod,
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
16.74?
Northern squawfish,
Ptychocheilus oregonensis
-?
14.48
?
Cladoceran,.
Daphnia magna
•
?
Cladoceran,
Daphnia
pule*
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulicaria
9.92 • Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia
.
ieticulata
•
Species Mean
Acute Value
tuq/L)**
22.09
16.74
19.88
16.5
.?
9.263
9.92
Species Mean
. Acute-Chronic
Ratio
3.297
2.410
01.■■■■■•■■■■ ........
■■■••■■■■•■■■■■■■■■■•■■ .......
411.4.0■OOMMOr
* Ranked from most resistant to most soniirtive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value.
** At hardness • 50 mg/L. ?
•
*** Not used in the calculation of the final Acute-Chronic katio.
• 'This GNAW
was not set'eqUal to the lowest
SHAY
because the species was
• not identified and so might have been C. tontans
or C. decorus.
This OK AV was set equal to the lower SHAY due to the large rang. in the
SMAVs in this genus.
This
SW
was based on the results reported
by
Palawaki et al. (1985).
because they were considered better data than those given in U.S. SPA
(1985)', although the data reported
by
Hughes (1973) supported the newer.
data.
At
hardness
∎
50 mg/L:
fAV • 14.57 uq/L
?
CMC?
7.285 uq/L
As a function of hardness: •
CMC • •
0.9422 tln hardness ) 1.700 •
FACR • 2.823
M.?
•
.At-hardnes • 50 mq/L:
E-8
ICY
0
FAV/fACR • (14.57 uq/L)/(2.$23) • 5.161 uq/L ■ CCC
As
a
function of
hardness:
CCC • 0.8545 (ln hardness) - 1.702
References
s
Bailey, H.C., D.H.W. Liu, and H.A.. Javitz. 1985. Time/Toxicity
Relationships in Short7Term Static, Dynamic, and Plug-Flow ,
Bioassays. In: Aquatic Toxicblogy
and Hazard Assessment: Eighth
Symposium.
Bahner, R.C., and D.J. Hansen, Eds. ASTM STP 981.
American Society for Testing and Materials, Phildelphia, PA. pp.
193-212.
Cusimano, R.F., and D.F. Brakke. 1986. Effects of pH on the
Toxicitiis of Cadmium, Copper,. and Zinc to Steelheid Trout (Salmo
gairdneri). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 43:1497-1503.
•
Elnabarawy, M.T., A.N.
Welter, and
R4r.
Robideau. 1986.
Relative sensitivity of Three Daphnid Species to Selected Organic
and•'Inorganic Chemicals. Environ. Toxicol.. Chem. 5:393-398.
Harrison, F.L., J.P. Knezovich, and D.W.
Rice.,
Jr. 1984. The
Toxicity of Copper to Adult
and Early Life Stages
of the
Freshwater Clam, Corbicula manilensis. Arch: Environ. Contam:
Toxicol. 13:85-92.
Hughes, J.S. 1973: Advt. Toxicity of Thirty Chemicals to
Striped Bass (Morons
?
?
Western Assoc. State Game Fish
Comm., Salt
LaRi
–aly,
UT. July.
?
•
?
•
kosalwat, P., and A.W. Knight. 1987. Acute Toxicity of Aqueous
and Substrate-Bound COpper •to
the Midge, Chironomus decorus. •
Arch. Environ. Contain. Toxicol.
16:275-282.
Martin, T.R., and
.
D.M. Holdich.'
1986.
The Acute Lethal Toxicity
of Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans (with•Particular • .
Reference to Fresh-Water Asellids and Gammarids). Water Res.
20:1137-1147.
Palawski, D., J.B.'Hunn, and
F.J. Dwyer. 1985
.
.
Sensitivity of
Young Striped Bass to Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Fresh
and Sa3.ine Waters. Trans..Am. Fish.
Soc..114:748-753.
Spehar, Rao., and J.T.
•
Fiandt.'. 1986. Acute and Chronic Effects
of Water Quality Criteria-Based Metal Mixtures on Three Aquatic
Species. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:917-931.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria
for
Copper. EPA 440/5-84-031.. National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, VA.
E-10
1995 UPDATE:
%freshwater
Aquatic Life Criterion for Cyanide.
No new acceptable acute or chronic data were found for cyanide.
Therefore, the data in the existing criteria document for cyanide
(U.S. EPA 1985) were used as the basis for the derivation of this
criterion. The new taxonomy for salmonids was used (Table F1),
but this did not cause a change in the criterion for cyanide.
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean
.
Acute Values given in Table 'Fl, resulting in a FAV•of
45.77 ug/L. Because the SMAV of.the commercially and
.recreationally important rainbow trout was 44.73 ug/L, the FAV
was lowered to 44.73' ug/L. The CMC was calculated by dividing
the FAV by'2, resulting in a CMC of 22.36 ug free cyanide (as
CN)/L.
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic
• Ratio (FACR). Five
SMACRs are available
(Table F1),
but one was a high SMACR that
was obtained with a resistant species; the other four were' within
a factor of 1.5. The FACR was calculated as•the geometric mean
of these four and was 8.568.
The FCV FAV/FACR
=
(44.73
ug/L)/(8..568) = -5.221
. ug/L. This value does not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important.
species. The CCC was 5.221 ug free cyanide (as CN)/L.
?
•
The Criterion
The procedures described in the methodology indicate that, except
possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day'
average
concentration
of free cyanide (as CN)
does not
exceed 5.221
ug/L more than once every thr(A years on
the average and if the one-hour average concentration does not
exceed 22.36 ug/L more than once every three years on the
. average..
F-1
p
Table Fl.?
'Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values tor Cyanide
Genus Mean
Species Mean
Species Mean
Acute Value
Acute Value
Acute-Chronic
Rank* (ug/L)?
.
Species
iug/L)
Ratio
16
2490
Midge,
Tanytarsus dissimilis
2490
15
•?
2326
Isopod,
Asellus communis
2326
68.29**
14
432
Snail,
Physa heterostropha
432
13
426
Stonefly,
Pteronarcys dorsata
426
12
318
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
318
11
167
Amphipod,
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
167
9.111
10
147
Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
.?
147
9
'?
125.1
Fathead minnow,
Pimephale3 promelas
125.1
7.633
8
123.6
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
160
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
95.55
7
102
Largemouth bass,
Micropterus salmoides
102
6
102
, Black crappie,
Pomoxis nigromaculatus
102
5
99.28
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
•?
'99.28
7.316
92.64
Yellow perch,
Perca flavescens
92.64
3
90.00
Atlantic salmon,
Salmo salar
90.00
85'.80
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
85.80
10.59
1
44.73
Rainbow trout
44.73
. Oncorhynchus mykiss
F-2
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value.
** Not used
in
the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic.
Ratio.
Calculated FAV ■ 45.77 ug/L
Lowered
to protect rainbow trout:
FAV
gr
44.73
ug/L
CMC ■
FAV/2
■ 22.36 ug/L
FACR r
8.568'
FCV
?
FAV/FACR
■
(44.73 ug/L)/(8.568)
mg
5.221 ug/L = CCC
References
..•?
•
U.S. EPA. ' 1985. Ambient Water Quality Criteria
for. Cyanide -
1984. EPA 440/5-84-028. National
Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA.
1995 UPDATE:
Freshwater Aquatic Life Criterion for Mercury(II)
The new acceptable acute data for
mercury(II) are given in Table
J1;
no new
chronic data were used.
These
new data were used with
•those
given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for
mercury(II) (U.S. EPA 1985) to obtain the values given in Table
J2.
Criterion Maximum Concentration
(CmC)?
•
The Final'Acute Value (FAV). was calculated using the four lowest
Genus
.
Mean Acute Values given
in.
Table J2, resulting in a FAV of
3.388 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered
to protect a
.commercially, or recreationally important species. The CMC was
calculated by dividing the FAV by 2,.resulting in a CMC of 1.694
ug/L as total recoverable mercury(II).
?
•
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
•
Insufficient
chronic
toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the
Alight-family. procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the
FAV
by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). ACRs
. were given for two freshwater species and one saltwater species
in U.S. EPA (1985). The
ACR obtained
. with.the more resistant
fathead minnow was much higher than. the other two. The ACR*
obtained with the saltwater mysid was 3.095 and was similar to
the Species
.
Mean Acute-Chronic Ratio of 4.498 for
Daphnia magna.
The FACR was calculated
as
the geometric mean of the two SMACRs
and was 3.731.
The FCV FAV/FACR =
(3.388 ug/L)/(3.731)
0.9081 ug/L. This value did not need to be'lowered to protect a
commercially
or
recreationally important species. .The CCC waa
0.9081 ug/L
as
total recoverable mercury(rI).
?
•
The SMACR of >649.2 for the fathead minnow (Table J2)
was not
used in the calculation of the
FACR
because this species is
acutely resistant to mercury(II)
.
. This
SMACR
is
the geometric
mean of >646.2, which was
based on
a
•
ite-cycle test, and >652.2,
which
was based on an early life-stage test. These. two ACRs are
so large that the two chronic
values
of <0.26
and <0.23 ug/L are
both lower than the CCC of 0.9081 ug/L. Because the high
SMACR
was'.based on two tests with a
fish
and the two low SMACRs were
obtained with invertebrates, .it
is
quite possible that other
fishes have SMACRs close to 649.2. The following estimated •
J-1
chronic values were obtained using Species Mean Acute Values from
Table J2 :And an estimated ACR of 649.2:
Species
Rainbow trout
Coho salmon
Bluegill
pecies Mean
Acute Value
275 ug/L
240 ug/L
160
.
ug/L
Estimated
Chronic Value
0.42,ug/L
0.37 ug/L
0.25 ug/L
All three of these estimated chronic values are for important
species and are more than a factor of two lower than the FCV of ,
0.9081 4g/L. 'In addition, the SMACR for the fathead minnow is
greater than 649.2. Thus the CCC of 0.9081 ug/L might not
adequately protect such important fishes as the rainbow trout,
coho salmon, and bluegill.
The Criterion.
.The procedures described in the methodology indicate thatt•except
possibly where
a locally important species
is
very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of mercury(II) does not •
exceed 0.9081 ug/L'more than once every three years on the
average and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed
1.694 ug/L more than once every three years on the average. The
concentration of 0.)081 ug/L
might
not adequately protect such
important fishes as the rainbow trout, coho salmon, and bluegill.
7
.
2.51e
J1. New Acute Values for Mercury(II)
Acute
Value
Species?
Method*?
(uq/L)
?Reference
Cladoceran,
?
'Elnabarawy
Cariodaphnia•reticulata?
S,U?
2.9?
et al. 1986
Cladoceran,?
Elnabarawy
Daphnia magna,? S,U
?
9.6?
et al. 1986
Cladoceran,?
Elnabarawy
Daphnia pulex?
• 3,U
?
3.8?
et al. 1986
Amphipod,
?
Martin and
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
?
S,U? 1.0*•?
Holdich 1986
Midge, .
?
Rossaro
Chironomus riparius
?
Sd4
?
750
.?
?
.
.
et al. 1986
Mosquitofish,
?
Paulose 1988
Gambusia affinis
?
SO:? 230 .
Walking catfish,
?
Kirubagaran
Clarias batrachus
?
ti
?
and .Joy 1988
'Fatheed.minnow,
?
Spehar and
Pimephales promelas
?
rr,M
172 ?
Fiandt 1986
Guppy,?
Khangarot
Poecilia riticulata
?
Aft:
26 .? .and Ray
.
1987
S • static, R • renewal, FT • flog-through,
V • unmeasured, M measured.
•• Not used in the derivation of the criterion. because the corresponding MI-.
hr LCSO is 470 ug/L, which is an unusually large decrease in the LCSO from
48 to 96 hours. •
Table J2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Mercury(II)
ej.
Genus
Haan
?
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value
?
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
Rank
•?(ug/L)
?
Species
?
(ug/L)?
Ratio
29
28
27
26
23
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
13
'
.
ei
2000
2000
2000.
1200
1200
1000
?
.
1000
406.2
373
370
237
230
240
203
180
Stonefly,
Acroneuria lycorias
Mayfly,
zphomerella subvaria
Caddisfly,
Hydropsyche bettini
Caddisfly,
(Unidentified)
Damselfly,
(Unidentified)
Worm,
Nate
sp.
Mozambique tilapia
Tilapia mossambica
•
Tubificid worm,
•Spirosperma faros
Tubificid worm,
Spirosperma rikolsky/
Walking catfish,
Clarias batrachus
Snail,
Aplexa hypnorum
Coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Tubificid worm,
Quistadrilus multisetosus
Tubificid
worm,
?
•
Rhyacodzilus montana
Nosguitofish,
Gambusia affinis
Tubificid worm,
Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri
*
•
.
.
2000*
2000
2000
1200
1200
1000
•1000
330
500
373
370
240
273
230 '
.0
203
180
J-4
tat-..e
J2.
(Cont.)
ss
Genus Mean
Species'Mean
Species Mean
Acute Value
Acute Value
Acute-Chronic
Rank* '
(uq/L)
Species
(uq/L)
Ratio
14
.?
163
Fathead minnow,
?
'
163
> 649.2**
Pimephales promelas
13
160
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
160
12
140
Tubificid worm,
.Tubifex.tubifem
140 .
• 1
•
140
?
:
Tubiticid
140
Stylodrilus herinqianus
10
•22***.
Midge,
Chironomus sp.
20
Midge,
Chironomus riparius
750
9
100
Tubificid worm, '
100
Virichatte pacifies* %
8
80
Tubificid worm,
Branchiura sowerbyi
80
7
80
Snail,
Amnicola'sp.
80
6
50
Crayfish,
Orconectes limosus
•
SO
5
28
GuipY,
Potcilia
reticulate
20.
4
20
Crayfish,.
?
.
.
?
20
Faxonella
clypeatue
3
10
Amphipod,
CAMILLUS
sp.
'?
10
2
•
?
3.3
Clidoopran,
Daphnia magna
3.7
4.498
CladAceran, .
2.9
Daphnia pule*
1
2.9
Cladoceran,•
.?
2.9
Ceriodaphnia reticulate.
p
J-5
• Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on'Genus Mean Acute
Value.
Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
This GMT was not set equal to the lowest SHAY because the species was
not identified and so might
•have
been C. riparius.
••
• * •
FAV
la
3.388 uq/L
cmC
FA
1
1/2.0
1.694 uq/L
FACR ■ 3.731
FCV
ChV/FACR
(3.388 uq/L)/(3..731)
m 0.9081 uq/L - CC'
The CCC of 0.9081 uq/L might not adequately protect such important fishes es
the rainbow trout, coho salmon, and bluegill (see above).•
J- 6
References
Elnabarawy, M.T., A.N. Welter, and R:R. Robideau. 1986.
Relative Sensitivity of Three Daphnid Species to Selected Organic
and
Inorganic'Chemicals. Environ.
Toxicol: Chem. 5:393-398.
Rhangarot, B.S., and P.K. Ray. 1987. Studies on the Acute
Toxicity of
.
Copper and Mercury Alone and in Combination to the
Common Guppy, Poecilia reticulate (Peters). Arch. Hydrobiol.
110:303-314.
Kirubagaran, R., and K.P. Joy. 1988. Toxic Effects of Three
Mercurial Compounds on Survival and Histology o
• the Kidney of
the Catfish_Clarias batrachus (L.).
Ecotoxicol..
Environs Safety
15:171-179.
Martin, T.R., and D.M. Holdich. 1986. The'Acute Lethality of
Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans (with Particular Reference
to Fresh-Water Asellids and Gammarids). Water Rms. 20:1137-1147.
Paulose, P.V. 1988. Comparative Study of Inorganic
.
and Organic'
Mercury Poisoning on
Selected Freshwater Organisms. J. Environ.
Biol. 9:203-206.
Rossaro, B., G.F. Gaggino, and R. Marchetti. 1986. Accumulation
of Mercury in Larvae and Adults, Chironomus riparius (Meigen).
Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 37:402-406..
Spehar, R.L., and J.T. Fiandt. 1986. Acute and Chronic Effects
Of Water Quality Criteria-Based Metal Mixtures
on
Three Aquatic
Species. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:917,931.
U.S. EPA.
1985. Ambient Watet .
Quality Criteria for Mercury -
1984. EPA 440/5-84-026. National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA.
1995 UPDATE:
Freshwater Aquatic Life Criterion for Selenium
The new acceptable acute data for selenium are given in Table N1;
no new acceptable chronic data were found. These new data were
used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document
for selenium (U.S. EPA 1987.) to obtain the values given in Tables
N2 and N3.
Solenium(rV):
Criterion Maximum Concentration .(CMC)
The Final Acute •
Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table N2, resulting in a FAV of
371.8 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species.. The CMC was
calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 185.9.
ug/L.
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic toxicity data wire available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available'to calculate a FCV by
dividing the: FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). Four
Species Mean ACRs were
available
(Table N2), but the one
determined with the acutely resistant species was higher than the
other three; the three were within a factor of 2.4. The FACR was
calculated as the geometr.c mean of the three and was 7.998. The
FCV = FAV/FACR = 011.8 ug/L)/(7.998) = 46.49 ug/L. As in U.S.
EPA (1987), this value was lowered to 27.6 ug/L to protect the
commercially and
recreationally
important 'rainbow trout. The CCC
was 27.6 ug/L.
selenium(V)r
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table N3, resulting in a FAV of
25.066 ug/L. This
value
did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species. The CMC was
calculated
by dividing
the FAV
by 2, resulting in a CMC of 12.533
ug/L.
N-1
•?
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic toxicity data
were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using
the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). Three
Species Mean ACRs were available (Table N3), and they increased
as the acute sensitivities of the species increased. .To make the
FACR appropriate for sensitive species, it was set equal to the
SMACR of 2.651 for the sensitive
Daphnia
magna. The FCV
FAV/FACR - '(25.066 ug/L)/(2.651) = 9.455 ug/L. This value did
not
need to be lowered to protect a commercially or
recreationally important species. The CCC was 9.455 ug/L.
Total. selenium:
As discussed in U.S. EPA (1987), field studies conducted on
Belews Lake in North Carolina suggested that selenium might be
more toxic to certain species of freshwater fish than had been
observed in laboratory chronic toxicity tests. Based upon
.
these.
field'studies and some laboratory studies, the CCC for total
selenium was set at 5 ug/L.. The Final'Acute-Chronic Ratio for
total Selenium was calculated
at
the geometric mean
of
the six
ACRs'in Tables N2 and N3 that are between 2.5' and 16.5 and was .
7.737.• The FAV was calculated by multiplying the CCC by the'FACR
. and was 38.68 ug/L. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV
by 2, resulting in a CMC of 19.34 ug/L as total recoverable
selenium.
The Criterion
The procedures
deicrik)ed
in the methodology indicate that, except
possibly where a
locally important species
.
is very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day
average
concentration of selenium 'does not exceed
5 ug/L' more than once every three years on the average and if the
one-hour average concentration does not exceed 19.34 ug/L more
than once every three years'on the average.
Table Nl. New Acute Values for Selenium
Acute Value
Species
?
Method*
?
Chemical?
(ug/L)
?
Reference
Cladoceran,
?
,S, U
?
Na-selenite?
680
?
Johnston.1987
Daphnia magna
?
(Selenium(IV)]
Cladoceran,
?
S, U
?
Na-•elenate?
750?
Johnston 1987
Daphnia magna
?
(Selenium(YI)]
•
?
static, U = unmeasured.
4
?
Table N2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Selenium(IV)
Genus Mean
?
Species Mean
?
Species Mean
Acute Value
?
Acute Value
?
Acute-Chronic
Rank*
?
•?
(ug/L)
?
Species
?
(ug/L)?Ratio
.
22?
203000
?
Leech,
?
203000
Nephelopsis obscure
21? 42500?
Midge,,
?
42500
Tanytaisus dissimilis
.20
?
35000?
Common carp,
?
35000
Cyprinus carpio
19?
34910?
Snail,?
34910
Aplexa
hypnorum
18
?
30176
?
White sucker,?
30176
Catostomus commersoni
17
?
28500?
28500
Lepomis macrochirus
16
?
26100?
Goldfish,
?
26100
Carassius auratus
15
?
25934?
Midge,?
25934.
Chironomus plumosus
14
?
24100
?
'
Snail,
?
24100
Physa sp. .
13
?13600
?
Channel catfish,
? 13600
Ictalurus punctatus
12?12600?
liosquitofish,?
12600
Gambusia at finis
•
11?11700
?
Yellow Perch,
?
11700
Perca flavescens
141.5*•
?
10
?
10490.
?
Rainbow
Trout,?
10490
Oncorhynchus
mykiss
?9
?
10200
?
Brook trout,
?
10200
Salvelinus fontinalis
?
6500?
Tlagfish,
?
6500
Jordanella floridae
?2704?
Amphipod,
?
2704
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
N-4
Table N2.
?
(cont.).
Genus Mean
?
Species Mean
?
Species Mean
Acute Value
?
Acute Value?
Acute-Chronic
Rank''
?
(ug/L)
?
Species
?
(ug/L)
?
Ratio
6?, 1796?
Cladoceran,
?
834?
13.31
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,? 3870
?
5.586
Daphnia pulex
5? 1783
?
Striped bass,? 1783
Morons
saxatilis
4
? 1700?
Hydra,
? 1700
Hydra sp.
3?
1601?
Fathead minnow,
?
1601
Pimephales promelas
2?
<603.6?
Cladoceran,? <603.6
Ceriodaphnia affinis
1?
340
?
Amphipod,?
340
Hyalella azteca
6.881
* Ranked from most.resistant to most sensitive based
on
Genus Mean Acute
Value.
"
Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
•
FAV
• 371•.8 ug/L •
CMC •
FAV/2
• 183.9 uq/L
rACR • 7.990
FCV
•
FAV/FACR
■ (371.8 ug/L)/(7.998)
Lowered to protect rainbow trout:
FCV • 27.6 ug/L • CCC
• 46.49 ug/L
N-5
4?
Table N3. Ranked Genus Mean Acute values for Selenium(VI) '
Genus Mean
?
Species Mean
?
Species
Mean
Acute Value
?
Acute Value
?
Acute-Chronic
Rank*
?
(ug/L)
?
Species
?
(ug/L)?
Ratio
?
11?
442000?
Leech,
?
442000
Hephelopsis obscura
?
10?
193000
?
Snail,
?
193000
Aplexa hypnorum
?
9?
66000
?
Channel catfish,
?
66000
Ictalurus punctatus
?
8
?
63000?Bluegill,?
63000
Lepomas macrochirus
?
7? 47000?Rainbow trout,?
47000
?
16.26
Oncorhynchus mykiss
?
6?20000
?Midge,
?
20000
Paratanytarsus parthenogeneticus
?
5?
7300
?Hydra,
?
7300.
Hydra sp.
?
4?
5500?
Fathead
minnow,
?
5500
?
9.726
Pimephales promelas
?
760?
Amphipod,
?
.?
760
Hyalella azteca
?2 ?
550.1
?
Cladoceran,
?
1230?
2.651
Daphnia magna
tladoceran,
?
246
Daphnia pulicaria
?
3.
?
65.38
?
Amphipod,
?
65.38
Gammarus pseudoliMnaeus
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value.
FAV IB
25.066 ug/L
CMC = FAV/2 = 12.533
ug/L
•
FACR =
2.651
FCV
=
FAV/FACR
= (25.066 ug/L)/(2.651) = 9.455 ug/L = CCC
N-6
References
Johnston,
't).A.
1987. Acute Toxicity of Inorganic Selenium to
Daphnia magna (Straus) and the Effect of Sub-acute Exposure upon
Growth and Reproduction. Aquatic Toxicol. 10:335-352.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Selenium. EPA 440/5-87-006. National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, VA.