RECEIVED
BEFORE THE ILLINOIS POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
CLERK'S OFFICE
IN THE MATTER OF :
JUL 2 4 2006
)
STATE OF ILLINOIS
PROPOSED NEW 35 ILL. ADM. CODE 225
)
R06-25
Pollution Control Board
CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM
)
(Rulemaking
- Air)
LARGE COMBUSTION SOURCES (MERCURY)
)
NOTICE OF FILING
PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that the Environmental Law and Policy Center has filed the
attached TESTIMONY OF MICHAEL MURRAY . We respectfully request that the live
testimony of Michael Murray at the second hearing in Chicago, Illinois take place on either
Monday, August 14, 2006 or Tuesday, August 15
.
DATED : July 24, 2006
Faith E. Bugel
Meleah A . Geertsma
Howard W. Learner
Environmental Law and Policy Center
35 E. Wacker Drive, Suite 1300
Chicago, Illinois 60601
312-795-3707
Faith Bugel (Reg . No. 55685
Counsel for Environmental Law and Policy Center
BEFORE THE ILLINOIS POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
IN THE MATTER OF :
)
PROPOSED NEW 35 ILL
. ADM . CODE 225
CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM
LARGE COMBUSTION SOURCES (MERCURY)
TESTIMONY OF MICHAEL W. MURRAY, Ph.D
.
Qualifications
My name is Michael *Murray
. I joined the Great Lakes office of the National Wildlife
Federation (NAT) as Staff Scientist in 1997
. While I am an environmental chemist by
training, my work with NWF has ranged broadly across diverse scientific
and policy
aspects of toxic chemicals, in particular in the Great Lakes region but also more broadly
.
This work has included scientific and policy research and education related
to mercury
sources, fate and transport, ecological and human health effects, and control options
;
other toxic chemicals of concern
; water quality criteria and total maximum
daily load
plans
; and development and communication of fish consumption advisories .
I have also
more recently become involved in work on invasive species,
food webs and broader
issues associated with Great Lakes restoration
.
I received M.S. and Ph.D
. degrees in Water Chemistry from the University of Wisconsin-
Madison, where my research addressed several aspects of the environmental chemistry
of
polychlorinated biphenyls
. I have authored or co-authored one-half dozen peer-reviewed
technical publications (with others in press, review, or preparation), as well
as numerous
policy and advocacy papers and reports
. I have served on over one dozen conference
planning, proposal review, and technical committees, including currently the Federal
Advisory Committee on Detection and Quantitation and a U.S
. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) Science Advisory Board panel on chemical
screening
. In addition to
current duties with NWF, I have served as an adjunct lecturer in Environmental
Health
Sciences at the University of Michigan's School of Public Health,
where I have team-
taught courses in environmental chemistry and water quality management
.
RECEIVED
CLERK'S
OFFICE
JUL 2 4 2006
STATE OF ILLINOIS
R06-25
Pollution Control Board
(Rulemaking - Air)
In the past several years I have had the opportunity to explore in more detail issues
associated with ecological effects of mercury . A September 2003 workshop of 33
mercury researchers organized by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and
Chemistry (SETAC) addressed issues associated with the development of a national
mercury monitoring network, and I have been involved with the group identifying
indicators of mercury contamination in wildlife . (The book resulting from the workshop
(of which I am also a co-editor) is forthcoming)
. In addition, I was invited to take part in
the July 2005 International Workshop on Mercury Pollution in Madison, WI, which in
part served as a planning meeting for the International Conference on Mercury as a
Global Pollutant (ICMGP) meeting to take place August 6-11, 2006 in Madison . I have
been involved with researchers specializing in mercury exposure and effects in humans,
fish, and wildlife, through the Heath Risks and Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury
workgroup . Two synthesis papers resulting from this workgroup's activities will be
presented at the ICMGP meeting, and will'be submitted for publication in Ambio
following the meeting.
Testimonial Statement
My testimony largely concerns the potential effects of mercury
in fish and wildlife .
Mercury cycling in the environment is complex
; after a very brief review of sources,
deposition and transformation within water bodies, this testimony will focus on recent
research related to exposure and effects of mercury in fish and wildlife . Many other
relevant components of this problem
(e.g., emissions, atmospheric transport and
deposition, control options) have been addressed by others providing testimony in this
rulemaking process.
Mercury is a naturally occurring element, but human activities (in particular over the past
two centuries) have greatly increased its mobility on the Earth's surface . Studies on
sediment, ice and peat cores have found increased mercury levels in more recent
deposition (compared to pre-industrial) that typically range from about 3-fold to
over 10-
fold, and in some cases with modem maxima over 100 times pre-industrial
values .'
While a number of these studies have shown declines in deposition in the past several
decades (at least in some sediment cores), contemporary deposition rates are still
thought
to be well above pre-industrial values, indicating the
importance of ongoing human
activities .2
Human contributions to the global mercury cycle
are generally grouped into two
categories
: purposeful uses of mercury and subsequent release
(e.g., mining of mercury
ore, processing, use in products such as thermometers and blood
pressure units and
subsequent disposal), and incidental mercury releases
(e.g.,
release of mercury found
naturally in coal during fuel combustion at coal-fired power plants)
. An analysis of U.S
.
EPA National Emissions Inventory data for 1999 indicated that coal-fired power plants
in
Illinois were responsible for over 47 percent of the state's mercury emissions,
slightly
lower than the value for the eight Great Lakes states combined
.3
As discussed in other testimony, mercury emissions from coal-fired
power plants are
typically divided into three categories
(elemental, reactive gaseous mercury, and
particulate mercury)
. The latter two forms more readily (but not exclusively) can deposit
closer to the source, either on land or plant surfaces in watersheds or directly
on water
bodies
. Once in water, inorganic mercury can be transformed (typically in sediments)
via
bacterial action to methylmercury
. This form of mercury has a greater tendency to
bioacctnnulate and biomagnify in food webs
. For example, methylmercury in
sediments
can diffuse into the overlying water, be taken up by phytoplankton (algae), which can be
consumed by zooplankton, which can then themselves be consumed by forage fish (such
as smelt or alewives), which can then be consumed by predator fish
(e.g.
northern pike,
walleye) .4
Methylmercury concentration in fish can
exceed the surrounding water
concentration by a factor of one million to 10 million, and
methylmercury generally
'
See for example Jackson 1997
; Fitzgerald et al ., 1998 ; Kamman and Enstrom,
2002 ; Schuster et al ., 2002 ;
Bindler 2003 ; Givelet et al ., 2003 .
2 See for example Kamman and Enstrom, 2002
; Schuster et al ., 2002
; Givelet et al ., 2003 ; Fitzgerald et al .,
2005 .
a Murray and Holmes, 2004
.
See for example review in Wiener et al
., 2003 .
accounts for the large majority of mercury in fish. 5
A number of factors can influence the
production of methylmercury in . water bodies, including the amount of bioavailable
inorganic mercury, pH, level of dissolved organic carbon, the forms and levels of sulfur,
and the activity and type of the bacterial community
.6 It has been well established that
wetlands often present conditions which lead to elevated production of methylmercury ;
dissolved organic matter from wetlands can also contribute
to transport of inorganic
mercury to water bodies
.
The effects of mercury (both inorganic and methylmercury) on wildlife have been
investigated for over four decades, with both an early and more recent emphasis on
research in birds and mammals. Methylmercury has been considered
to be one of the
more harmful contaminants to birds, and controlled studies have shown
that
methylmercury can affect cell development, reproductive
success, behavior, and adult
survival, and can also cause teratogenic effects
.8 While methylmercury can be excreted
via feces and feather growth, it can also be passed on to eggs from the mother
. The young
can be particular vulnerable to methylmercury exposure, with laboratory studies showing
effects including decreased embryo weights, developmental abnormalities
and embryo
death.9
Early research found that organic mercury-containing fungicidal
seed dressings were
responsible for bird mortality, with, for example, die-offs
of species including ring-
necked pheasants and rooks associated with mercury poisoning in
Sweden. Similarly,
high levels of mercury were observed in kestrels, buzzards and a long-eared owl showing
signs of mercury poisoning in the Netherlands
.1° More recent studies have emphasized
piscivorous birds that would generally be exposed to methylmercury largely via
consumption of contaminated fish, and there has been increased emphasis on controlled
studies using methylmercury doses at ecologically relevant levels
.
'Ibid.
'See for example U1lrich et al ., 2001 ; Wiener et al ., 2003 .
See for example Grigal 2002 .
8
See for example review in Wiener et al ., 2003 .
s See for example reviews in Wolfe et al ., 1998 ; Wiener et al
., 2003 .
10 See reviews in Heinz 1996 and Thompson 1996
.
Though its breeding range does not formally include Illinois (although they may migrate
through the state), the common loon has been subject to a number of studies on mercury
exposure and effects
. An earlier study in northwestern Ontario reported reductions in egg
laying and general reproductive success in areas with elevated
methylmercury
concentrations in eggs and prey fish."
A more recent study on loons in New England
found that loons with blood methyhnercury levels over 3
.0 parts per million (ppm)
produced 40 percent fewer young than loon pairs with methlymercury levels below
1 .0
ppm (their no observed adverse effect level)
. Adult loons spent less time attending
the
nest areas termed "high risk" for methylmercury exposures compared to those identified
as "low risk" (14 % vs
. 1% of time unattended, respectively)
.12 These studies on a bird
species at risk for elevated mercury exposures (and effects) may have implications
for
other species more commonly found in Illinois .
Mercury exposure (and in some cases effects) has, been studied in a number of other
species
. Researchers in the southeastern U .S
. have studied mercury contamination in
various species of waterbirds, including wood storks, white ibises, and snowy and great
egrets
. In studies in southern Florida, mercury contamination has been identified
as an
additional stress that could potentially be delaying recovery of populations of egrets
and
other waterbirds significantly impacted by other factors
.
13
Laboratory studies on mallard
ducks found embryo deformities from eggs containing I ppm methylmercury, and a wide
range in sensitivity of embryos to mercury toxicity
.
14
Several studies have examined
mercury levels in great blue herons, and a recent study reported increasing
levels of
mercury exposure in belted kingfishers in lake habitats in Maine compared
to marine
habitats .
15
In addition, while most research on mercury exposure and effects in birds has
focused on fish-eating birds, several studies have examined exposure in insectivorous
passerines
. A recent study on methylmercury in Bicknell's thrush in northeastern North
America reported some mercury bioaccumulation,
and generally higher uptake in
Barr 1986
; also reviewed in Wiener et al ., 2003 .
~~ Evers et al ., 2004 .
See for example Sundlof et al
., 1994 ; Spalding et al ., 2000 .
14" Heinz
Wolfe
and
and
Hoffman,
Norman, 19982003;
.
Evers et al ., 2005 .
wintering than in breeding areas, and higher mercury levels in adults than young-of-the-
year.
16
Though concentrations were lower than those generally seen in piscivorous
wildlife (and lower than laboratory-derived effects levels), the
findings warrant further
research to indicate whether other passerine
species may be at risk for increased
methylmercury exposure (and potentially effects) .
Mammals are the other wildlife group for which a relatively large amount of data exists
on mercury exposure and effects, including
for species more common in Illinois,
including river otter and mink
. As with birds, most research on mercury toxicity in
mammalian wildlife has focused on fish-eating species
. In mammals, a principal target of
methylmercury toxicity is the central nervous system
; methylmercury readily crosses
the
blood-brain barrier, as well as the placenta . Effects of higher
exposures can include
anorexia, loss of weight, loss of coordination, and tremors and convulsions
.
17
An earlier controlled study of mink indicated that elevated mercury levels
(e.g. 5 ppm in
the diet) resulted in death to mink within one month, with effects on the
heart, lungs,
liver, and kidneys, and another study reported extensive death of brain cells at high levels
of methylmercury
. 18 Other studies using
.lower doses have reported anorexia and
uncoordinated muscle function, kidney and brain lesions,
reproductive impairment or
behavioral changes .
19
Recent studies
have reported an association
between
methylmercury in wild mink and otter and neurochemical receptors in the brain, changes
similar to those seen in the laboratory dosing studies of mink with methylmercury
. These
types of biochemical changes can be associated with clinical
(e.g. neurobehavioral)
effects that can be observed and can have significant
impacts on the viability of
individuals
.
0
In addition to the longstanding concern about fish serving
as a vehicle for mercury
exposure in humans and fish-eating wildlife, there has been increasing research on the
16
Rimmer et al., 2005
.
18
" See
Reviewed
reviews
in
in
Heinz
Heinz
19961996
.
; Thompson 1996 ; Wolfe et al ., 1998 ; Wiener et al ., 2003
.
' Reviewed in Wolfe et al., 1998
; also Dansereau et al., 1999 .
20 Basu et al ., 2005a,b ; Basu et al
., 2006 .
potential for mercury to harm fish directly . 1
Very high mercury exposures (e.g
. at sites
contaminated by direct discharges) can cause brain lesions, affect fish growth,
behavior
and mobility,
and lead to mortality.22
More recent research
has investigated
methylmercury effects on fish at more typical environmental exposures
. For example,
one study found that low to moderate methylmercury
exposures inhibited gonadal
development in females, reduced reproductive success, and altered sex hormones in male
and female fathead minnows
23
Another study similarly found decreased reproduction in
fathead minnows at methlymercury exposures typical of mercury-contaminated waters
24
Other species that have been studied include grayling and walleye
; one study reported
decreased hatching success and embryo heart rate in walleyes
exposed to waterborne
methylmercury at environmentally relevant concentrations
.
25
Conclusions
In summary, research has shown that mercury contamination can cause significant effects
in certain wildlife (in particular fish-eating species)
. While earlier research
documented
acute effects from high level exposures, ongoing research is documenting
the potential
for more subtle but important neurobehavioral and reproductive effects at more
typical
exposure levels
. These findings have implications for ongoing mercury contamination
in
Illinois and other states in the U .S .,
in particular for certain fish-consuming species
(e.g.,
great egrets, belted kingfishers, river otters and mink)
. In addition, it is possible
that some
fish species in Illinois are at risk for subtle reproductive
problems due to mercury
contamination
. While research will continue, given that there is
no known biological
value of mercury, it is prudent to take additional measures
to reduce anthropogenic
releases, in order to more aggressively work towards environmental mercury
levels that
do not pose risks to Illinois fish and wildlife .
21 See Wiener and Spry, 1996, for earlier review
.
22
Ibid.
23
Drevnick and Sandheinrich, 2003
.
24 Hammerschmidt et al ., 2002 .
25
See review in Wiener et al
., 2003 .
References Cited
Barr, J .F. 1986 . Population dynamics of the Common Loon (Gavia immer) associated
with mercurycontaminated waters in northwestern Ontario . Occ
. Paper 56, Canadian
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Basu, N
., K
. Klenavic, M . Gamberg, M . O'Brien, R. D. Evans, A . M . Scheuhammer and
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. O'Brien, H . M .
Chan, 2005b . Effects of mercury on neurochemical receptors in wild river otters
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Basu, N ., A .M . Scheuhammer, K . Rouvinen-Watt, N .M. Grochowina, K
. Klenavic, R .D .
Evans, and H .M. Chan, 2006 . Methylmercury impairs components of the cholinergic
system in captive mink (Mustela vison) . Toxicological Sciences.
9 : 202-209 .
Bindler, R . 2003 . Estimating the natural background atmospheric deposition rate of
mercury utilizing ombrotrophic bogs in Southern Sweden . Environmental Science and
Technology. 37 : 40-46 .
Dansereau, M ., N . Lariviere, D .D . Tremblay, D . Belanger. 1999
. Reproductive
performance of two generations of female semi domesticated mink fed diets containing
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and Toxicology
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: 221-6
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Drevnick P.E., M .B . Sandheinrich . 2003
. Effects of dietary methylmercury on
reproductive endocrinology of fathead minnows .
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37 : 4390-4396 .
Evers, D . C., N . Burgess, L. Champoux, B . Hoskins, A . Major, W
. Goodale, R. Taylor,
and T . Daigle . 2005 . Patterns and interpretation of mercury exposure in freshwater avian
communities in northeastern North America . Ecotoxicology 14 : 193-221
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Evers, D
. C.,
O
. P . Lane, L. Savoy and W . Goodale . 2004. Assessing the impacts of
methylmercury on piscivorous wildlife using a wildlife criterion value based on the
Common Loon, 1998-2003
. Report BRI 2004-05 submitted to the Maine Department of
Environmental Protection . BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, Maine .
Fitzgerald, W .F., DR . Engstrom, R .P. Mason, and E .A . Nater . 1998
. The case for
atmospheric mercury contamination in remote areas . Environmental Science and
Technology . 32 :1-7 .
Givelet, N ., F. Roos-Barraclough, M .E
. Goodsite, A .K . Cheburkin, W . Shotyk . 2004 .
Atmospheric mercry accumulation rates between 5900 and 800 calibrated years by in the
High Arctic of Canada recorded by peat hummocks
. Environmental Science and
Technology . 38
: 4964-4972 .
Grigal, D
. F
. (2002) Inputs and outputs of mercury from terrestrial watersheds
: a review .
Environmental Reviews. 10 : 1-39.
Hammerschnridt C.R., M.B . Sandheinrich, J
.G. Wiener, R .G. Rada
. 2002. Effects of
dietary methylmercury on reproduction of fathead minnows
. Environ Sci Technol
36
:877-883 .
Heinz, G .H
. 1996
. Mercury poisoning in wildlife
. In Noninfectious diseases of wildlife,
Second Edition . A
. Fairbrother, L . N . Locke, and G.L
. Hoff (eds .). The Iowa State
University Press, Ames, Iowa, pp
. 118-127.
Heinz G .H
. and D.J . Hoffman . 2003
. Embryotoxic thresholds of mercury
: estimates from
individual mallard eggs . Arch
. Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
. 44:257-
264.
Jackson, T.A
. 1997, Long-range atmospheric transport of mercury to ecosystems, and the
importance of anthropogenic emissions - a critical review and evaluation of the published
evidence
. Environ. Rev. 5:99-120.
Kamman, N .C. and D.R
. Engstrom. 2002
. Historical and present fluxes of mercury to
Vermont and Hew Hampshire lakes inferred from (210)Pb-dated sediment cores
. Atmos.
Environ
. 36 :1599-1610 .
Murray, M ., S.A. Holmes. 2004
. Assessment of mercury emissions inventories for the
Great Lakes states, Environmental Research
. 95 :282-297 .
Rimmer, C . C ., K. P
. McFarland, D . C
. Evers, E. K. Miller, Y . Aubry, D
. Busby, and R J.
Taylor
. 2005
. Mercury levels in Bicknell's Thrush and other insectivorous passerine birds
in montane forests of northeastern North America
. Ecotoxicology 14 :223-240 .
Schuster, P . F ., D.P
. Krabbenhoft, D.L. Naftz, L .D
. Cecil, M.L. Olson, J.F
. Dewild, D .D.
Susong, J .R
. Green, and M .L. Abbott. 2002
. Atmospheric mercury deposition during the
last 270 years
: a glacial ice core record of natural and anthropogenic sources
.
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. 36 : 2303-2310
Spalding, M.G., P.C. Frederick, H.C
. McGill, S.N. Bouton, L .R
. McDowell . 2000 .
Methylmercury accumulation in tissues and its effects on growth and appetite in captive
great egrets
. Journal of Wildlife Diseases . 36 :411-422 .
Sundlof,
S.F., M.G. Spalding, J.D
. Wentworth, and C .K. Steible
. 1994 . Mercury in livers
of wading birds (Ciconiiformes) in southern Florida
. Archives of Environmental
Contamination and Toxicology 27
:299-305
.
Thompson, D .R . 1996 . Mercury in birds and terrestrial mammals . Environmental
contaminants in wildlife : interpreting tissue concentrations, W.N . Beyer, G
.H
. Heinz, and
A.W. Redmon-Norwood (eds .) . Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Special Publication, CRC Press, Inc ., Boca Raton, Florida, pp
. 341-356 .
Ullrich, S .M., Tanton, T.W., and Abdrashitova, S
.A . 2001 . Mercury in the aquatic
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Wiener, J .G ., and D .J . Spry. 1996 . Toxicological significance of mercury in freshwater
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.
Environmental contaminants in wildlife : interpreting tissue concentrations . Lewis
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Wiener, J.G ., C .C . Gilmour, and D .P. Krabbenhoft. 2003
. Mercury Strategy for the Bay-
Delta Ecosystem
: A Unifying Framework for Science, Adaptive Management, and
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. Report to the California Bay Delta Authority, Sacramento, CA .
Wiener, J.G ., Krabbenholt, D .P., Heinz, G .H, Scheuhammer, A .M. 2003. Ecotoxicology
of mercury . In Handbook of Ecotoxicology (D .J
.
Hoffman, B .A . Rattner, G
. A . Burton
and J . Cairns Jr. eds .) . Boca Raton, FL
: Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, pp. 409-463
.
Wolfe, M . and D . Norman . 1998
. Effects of waterborne mercury on terrestrial wildlife at
Clear Lake : evaluation and testing of a predictive model
. Environmental Toxicology and
Chemistry 17(2), 214-227 .
Wolfe, M . F ., Steven Schwarzbach, and Rini A
. Sulaiman . 1998 . Effects of mercury on
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160
.
Attachment 1
National Wildlife Federation, Great Lakes Natural Resource Center, Ann Arbor,
MI
Serve as principal NWF scientist on issues of toxic chemical contamination, at state, regional
national and international levels
. Involved in preparation and review of scientific and policy
papers, reports, fact sheets, comment letters, and other projects . Duties have included :
•
Overseeing NWF technical work on source characterization, fate and transport, human
health and ecological effects of mercury and other toxic chemicals .
•
Supervising or co-supervising over 30 interns on diverse scientific and policy research and
public education projects .
•
Taking part in over one dozen planning, advisory, and technical review committees
.
• Preparing scientific/technical comments on over 30 national and state policy documents
and regulatory proposals (with topics including federal hazardous air pollutant standards,
water quality standards, land disposal restrictions, and human exposure assessments), and
serving on a number of technical committees.
•
Chairing session Policy Initiatives to Reduce Loadings of Persistent Toxic Substances in
the Great Lakes Basin, at 41 8t
Annual Conference on Great Lakes Research at McMaster
University, Hamilton, Out
., May 1998 ; Co-chair of session on management aspects of
multiple stressors at 49th Conference on Great Lakes Research, Windsor, Ont ., May 2006 .
Adjunct Lecturer, September 1998 - present.
University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences,
Ann Arbor, MI.
Team-teach environmental chemistry and water quality management courses, through On
Job/On Campus (OJ/OC) program for working professionals pursuing M .S./M.P.H. degrees. Also
co-coordinated and taught majority of water quality management course in residential program in
fall 2005, and lecture periodically in residential program environmental chemistry course . Have
also advised students on thesis projects, including co-supervising three theses
.
Research Assistant/ Student/Honorary Fellow, September 1984 - May 1997
Water Chemistry Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
•
Developed, evaluated and utilized a precipitation collector to measure polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) in precipitation .
Michael William Murray
National Wildlife Federation
Ph: 734-769-3351
Great Lakes Natural Resource Center
Fax: 734-769-1449
213 W . Liberty, Suite 200
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
murray@nwf.org
Staff Scientist, May 1997 -
Present
Experience
Michael William Murray
Page 2
•
Utilized generator column to assess dissolution behavior of PCBs and measure aqueous
solubilities, a gas purging system for measuring PCB Henry's law constants in the laboratory
and volatilization potential in the field, and a Hi-Vol sampling system for measuring PCBs in
atmospheric samples
. Developed techniques to minimize blank contamination in trace
analysis of PCBs in several environmental matrices, and conducted detection level
assessment .
Education
Ph.D.,
Water Chemistry, December 1996
University of Wisconsin-Madison
. Thesis Advisor : Professor Anders W
. Andren
Dissertation : "Laboratory Investigation of Physical-Chemical Properties and Field Measures
of Several Parameters Affecting the Transport and Fate of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the
Environment."
Minor
: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
M.S, Water Chemistry, December 1987
University of Wisconsin-Madison . Thesis Advisor
: Professor Anders W . Andren
Thesis: "Precipitation Scavenging of PCBs
: Event Analysis and Collector Evaluation ."
Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, September 1983
- May 1984 .
Diplome, French Language and Civilization Program
Universite de Paris-IV, Paris, France, October 1982
- June 1983 .
B .S., Geological Engineering, May 1982
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO .
Technical Publications
Wolfe, M.F., Atkeson, T
., Bowerman, W ., Burger, J., Evers, D.C
., Murray, M .W., Zillioux, E .,
2006
. Monitoring mercury in wildlife, In Ecosystem Responses to Mercury Contamination
:
Indicators of Change, Harris, R ., Krabbenhoft, D ..P.,
Mason, R.F., Murray, M.W.,
Reash, R .J .,
Saltman, T ., (Eds .),
Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Pensacola, FL, and
Taylor & Francis, New York, NY, in press .
Saltman, T.,
Harris, R., Murray, M .W., Reash, R .J ., 2006
. An integrated framework for ecological
mercury assessments, In Ecosystem Responses to Mercury Contamination
: Indicators of
Change, Harris, R
., Krabbenhoft, D..P., Mason, R .F., Murray, M.W.,
Reash, R .J ., Saltman, T.,
(Eds
.), Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Pensacola, FL, and Taylor &
Francis, New York, NY, in press .
Michael William Murray
Page 3
Mason, R.F.,
Abbott, M.L., Bodaly, R.A., Bullock,
O.R., Driscoll, C.T., Evers, D.,
Lindberg, S.E.,
Murray, M., Swain, E.B., 2005
. Monitoring the response to changing mercury deposition,
Environmental Science & Technology,
39(1):16A-22A .
Murray, M. and Holmes, S.A.,
2004, Assessment of mercury emissions inventories for the Great
Lakes states, Environmental Research,
95 :282-297 .
Boethling, B
., Buccini, J ., Cowan-Ellsberry, C ., Graham, D
., Hansen, B ., Murray, M.,
Rampy, L.,
Rodan, B., Wahlstrom, B
., 2000, Framework and criteria for evaluating persistent and long-
range transport, In
Evaluation of Persistence and Long-range Transport of Organic Chemicals
in the Environment, Klecka, G ., Boethling, B ., Franklin, J.,
Grady, L ., Graham, D., Howard,
P.H.,
Kannan, K., Larson, B., Mackay, D
., Muir, D ., van de Meent, D., (Eds), Society of
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Pensacola, FL, pp
. 315-334.
Murray, M . W. and Andrea, A . W.,
1992, Evaluation of a precipitation collector for PCB analysis,
Atmospheric Environment, 26A(6)
:1097-1101 .
Murray, M . W
. and Andrea, A . W.,
1992, Precipitation scavenging of polychlorinated biphenyl
congeners in the Great Lakes Region,
Atmospheric Environment, 26A(5)
:883-897 .
Murray, M . W. and Andrea, A . W.,
1991, Preliminary evaluation of the potential of gas purging for
investigating the air-water transfer of PCBs,
In Organic Substances and Sediments in Water,
Baker, R .A. (Ed.), Lewis Publishers, Inc
., Chelsea, MI, pp. 3-13.
Technical Publications - In
Review/Preparation
Mergler, D ., Anderson, H.A.,
Chan, L.H.M., Mahaffey, K.R., Murray, M.W.,
Sakamoto, M., Stem,
A.H.,
Methylmercury exposure and health risks in humans
: A worldwide concern, in preparation
for submission to Ambio .
Scheuhammer, A
., Meyer, M.W., Sandheinrich, M.B., Murray, M.W
. Effects of environmental
methylmercur on the health of wild birds, mammals, and fish, in preparation for submission to
Antbio.
Murray, M.W.,
Assessment of electric utility mercury emissions in the Great Lakes states, in
preparation .
Murray, M.W., Andrea, A .W.,
Experimental determination of Henry's law constants for PCBs
using Aroclor mixtures, in preparation .
Murray, M.W., Andren, A.W., Field investigations of the water-air transfer of PCBs
: Waukegan
Harbor and Green Bay, Lake Michigan, in preparation .
Michael William Murray
Page 4
Publications-Technical/Committee Reports (Selected)
Bails, J
., Beeton, A ., Bulkley, J ., DePhilip, M ., Gannon, J., Murray, M
., Regier, H ., and Scavia,
D., Prescription for Great Lakes Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, December 2005 (Also
edited and co-coordinated endorsement by 62 Great Lakes scientists)
Great Lakes Regional Collaboration Strategy, December 2005 (contributor to Toxic Pollutant
Strategy section)
Michigan Mercury Electric Utility Workgroup, Michigan's mercury electric utility workgroup
final report on mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants, June 20, 2005 . (Contributor)
United Nations Environment Programme Chemicals, Global mercury assessment report,
December 2002 . (Contributor)
Eisenreich, S .J ., Strachan, W.M .J .,
Estimating atmospheric deposition of toxic substances to the
Great Lakes
: An update, Workshop held at the Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington,
Ontario, January 31- February 2, 1992 . (Contributor)
Dissertation/Thesis
Murray, M.W.,
Laboratory studies of physical-chemical properties and field measures of several
parameters affecting the transport and fate of polychlorinated biphenyls in the environment,
Ph .D
. Dissertation, Water Chemistry Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1996
.
Murray, M .W., Precipitation scavenging of PCBs
: Collector evaluation and event analysis, M
.S.
Thesis, Water Chemistry Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1987
.
Publications - Policy
Stadler, F.,
Murray, M ., 2001, Mercury rising,
Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy,
16(3) : 43-51 .
Murray, M .W.,
Lawther, J .H., DeFalco, T .S ., Wolk, J.C .,
Cholewiak, D .M., Reyer, J.E ., Technical
and policy issues related to the development of a total maximum daily load plan for mercury in
the St. Louis River, MN
: Development of a case study,
Air & Waste Management Association,
Mercury in the Environment, Proceedings ofA Specialty Conference,
September 15-17, 1999,
Minneapolis, MN, pp
. 63-74
.
Billups, S ., Eder, T.,
Jackson, J ., Muldoon, P
., Murray, M . 1998, Treading water
: A review of
government progress under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement,
The Toledo Journal of
Great Lakes Law, Science & Policy,
Spring 1998 .
Michael William Murray
Page 5
Publications -
Policy/Education & Advocacy (Selected)
National Wildlife Federation, Getting the job done
: Affordable mercury control at coal-burning
power plants, October 2004
. (Co-author)
National Wildlife Federation, Ecosystem shock
: The devastating impacts of invasive species on
the Great Lakes food web, October 2004
. (Co-author)
National Wildlife Federation, Rain check
-
Northeastern Illinois
: Conservation groups monitor
precipitation on Chicago's North Shore, May 2003
. (Co-author)
National Wildlife Federation, A woman's guide to eating fish safely (brochure), revised 2003
.
(Project coordinator and editor)
National Wildlife Federation, Toxic chemicals threatening our children, revised 2003 (series of
three annotated fact sheets for healthcare providers on risks from chemical contaminants in
fish and approaches to reducing exposures)
. (Co-author)
National Wildlife Federation, Getting serious about mercury
: A guide for developing
comprehensive mercury reduction programs, May 2002
. (Co-author)
National Wildlife Federation, Rain check -
Milwaukee
: Conservation groups monitor mercury
levels Milwaukee's rain, September 2001
. (Co-author)
National Wildlife Federation, Clean the rain, clean the lakes II
: Mercury in rain is contaminating
New England's waterways, September 2000
. (Co-author)
National Wildlife Federation, Pollution paralysis II
: Code red for watersheds, April 2000 .
(Project coordinator and co-author)
National Wildlife Federation, Clean the rain, clean the lakes, September 1999
. (Co-author) .
National Wildlife Federation, Linking air sources of toxic chemicals and water quality
impairments
: Potentially useful modeling tools and ongoing measurement initiatives, May
1998. (Author) .
National Wildlife Federation, Ohio's mercury menace, December 1997
. (Principal author) .
Michael William Murray
Page 6
Presentations (Selected)
Murray, M.W., Abbott, ML
., Bodaly, R.A., Driscoll,,C .T.,
Evers, D.C., Harris, R .H., Krabbenhoft,
D
.P., Lindberg, S.E., Mason, R .P.,
Saltman, T., Swain, E.B., Wiener, J .G.,
Wolfe, M.F., A
Framework for Monitoring the Response to Changing Mercury Releases, presented at Fith
National Monitoring Conference, San Jose, CA, May 7-11, 2006
.
Murray, M .W.,
Ohio Auto Salvage Yard Survey, Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Guide,
and 2005 Compendium of State's Mercury Activities
. Presented at Ohio Mercury Reduction
Group meeting, Columbus, OH, February 7, 2006 .
Murray, M .W.,
2005 Compendium of State's Mercury Activities . Presented at Canada -
U.S.
Binational Toxics Strategy, Mercury Workgroup Meeting, Chicago, IL, December 6, 2005
.
Murray, M .W.,
Value of state actions to reduce mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants
.
Presented at Canada
- U.S. Binational Toxics Strategy, Mercury Workgroup Meeting, Chicago,
IL, November 30, 2004 .
Murray, M.W.,
Approaches to reducing mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants
. Presented
at American Public Health Association Annual Meeting, Washington,
D.C., November 8-11,
2004.
Murray, M.W., Addressing the mercury problem
: Challenges and approaches for coal-fired utilities
.
Presented at Resources for the Future workshop, Addressing the Mercury Problem
: Global
Challenge and Local Impact, Washington, D
.C., June 15, 2004.
Murray, M.W.,
Mathrani, V
., Risks from chemical contaminants in fish, and approaches to
reducing exposures . Presented at 18`s
Annual Minority Health Conference, Ann Arbor, MI,
March 12-13, 2004 .
Murray, M.W., Mathrani, V.,
Fish consumption advisories and approaches to reducing exposures
.
Presented to Detroit Health Department healthcare providers, Detroit, MI, January 15, 2004
.
Murray, M.W.,
Additional thoughts on mercury release inventories in the U .S
. Presented at
Commission for Environmental Cooperation, "Environment-First Approach" to Mercury in the
Great lakes Region, Chicago, IL, December 17, 2003 .
Murray, M .W., Getting to the source
: Promoting statewide mercury phase-out plans
. Presented at
American Public Health Association Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 15-19,
2003.
Murray,
M.W., Mercury phaseouts
: An alternative to mercury TMDLs
. Presented at Quicksilver
Caucus 2003 Mercury Workshop, St
. Louis, MO, October 29-30,2003 .
Michael William Murray
Page 7
Murray, M.W., Progress and challenges in reaching the virtual elimination goals for toxic chemicals
in the Great Lakes . Presented at Great Lakes Experiences and Global Applications meeting (in
conjunction with 46 b Conference on Great Lakes Research), Chicago, IL, June 24, 2003 .
Murray, M.W., Clean the rain campaign : Raising public awareness of the mercury deposition issue .
Presented at Michigan Department of Environmental Quality workshop, Measuring
Atmospheric Mercury : Goals, Methods and Results, Lansing, MI, March 26-27, 2003 .
Murray, M.W., Mercury sources and cycling : Some additional thoughts . Presented at International
Joint Commission workshop, An Ecosystem Approach to the Health Effects of Mercury in the
Great Lakes Basin, Windsor, Ont
., February 26-27, 2003 .
Murray, M.W., Pollutants and health of communities in the Great Lakes Basin : A response.
Presented at Great Lakes Symposium: Our Challenging Future, Ann Arbor, MI, November 5-6,
2002.
Murray, M.W., Tackling mercury TMDLs: Are we there yet? Presented at River Network River
Rally, Asheville, NC, May 17-22,2002 .
Murray, M.W., Harmon, T., Keith, K., Kenzie, J ., Environmental cycling and fish and wildlife
impacts of mercury: An overview. Presented at Methylmercury : Impacts on Wildlife and
Human Health meeting, Charleston, SC, April 9-10,2001 .
Murray, M.W., An NGO perspective on federal and state policies on mercury in the U .S. Presented
at Environmental Council of the States Mercury Workshop, St . Louis, MO, October 18-20,
2000.
Murray,
M.W., Lawther, J.H., DeFalco, T.S ., Wolk, J.C., Cholewiak, D.M., Reyer, J.E.,
Technical and policy issues related to the development of a total maximum daily load plan for
mercury in the St . Louis River, MN: Development of a case study . Presented at Air & Waste
Management Association, Mercury in the Environment conference, Minneapolis, MN,
September 15-17, 1999 .
Murray,
M.W., Pascual, D . L., A mercury emissions inventory in Ohio . Presented at 41 a Annual
Conference on Great Lakes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont ., May 18-22,
1998.
Murray, M.W. Investigation of the air/water transfer of PCBs using gas purging . Presented at
Dissertations Symposium on Chemical Oceanography, Honolulu, HI, November 6-11, 1994 .
(Symposium sponsored by National Science Foundation, Office of Naval Research, and
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) .
Michael William Murray
Page 8
Murray, M.W., Andrea, A.W., The water/air transfer of PCBs in Green Bay as determined by gas
purging. Presented at 36th Conference on Great Lakes Research, DePere, Wisconsin, June 4-10,
1993.
Murray, M.W., Andrea, A.W., Investigation of water/air distribution of PCBs in Green Bay using
gas purging. Presented at 15th Annual Midwest Environmental Chemistry Workshop, Madison,
WI, October 16-17, 1992 .
Murray, M.W., Andrea,
A.W., Henrys law constants of PCBs as determined by gas
purging.
Presented at 35th Conference on Great Lakes Research, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, May 31-
June 4, 1992
.
Murray,
M.W., Andrea, A.W., PCB fugacities in natural waters as determined by gas purging.
Presented at 11th Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,
Washington, D.C., November 11-15,1990.
Murray, M.W., Andrea, A.W., Field evaluation of gas purging for PCB fugacity determinations.
Presented at 33rd Conference on Great Lakes Research, Windsor, Ontario, Canada, May 28-June
1, 1990.
Murray, M.W., Andrea, A.W., Preliminary evaluation of the potential of gas purging for
investigating the air-water transfer of PCBs . Presented at 199th American Chemical Society
National Meeting, Boston, MA, April 22-27, 1990 .
Murray, M.W., Andren, A.W., Laboratory and field evaluation of gas purging for aqueous trace
organic determinations . Presented at 32nd Conference on Great Lakes Research, Madison, WI,
May 30-June 2, 1989 .
Grants Awarded
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency : Enhancing Reduction of Mercury and Other PBT
Chemicals in the Great Lakes Region, October 2005 - September 2006 ($35,000)
.
U.S
. Environmental Protection Agency : Addressing Mercury Reductions in the Great Lakes,
October 2004 - September 2005 ($35,000) .
Have collaborated in proposal writing on numerous other successful grant applications .
Michael William Murray
Page 9
Technical/Advisory Committees, Panels, and Other Service Activities
•
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Michigan Mercury Rules Workgroup,
June 2006-present .
•
U.S
. EPA, Science Advisory Board, EPI Suite Review Panel, February 2006 - present .
•
Health Risks and Toxicological Effects of Mercury panel, to present findings at 2006
Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant, July 2005 -
present.
•
U.S
. EPA Federal Advisory Committee on Detection and Quantitation for Uses in Clean
Water Act Programs, June 2005 - present.
•
Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Technical Committee,
1998 - present . (Review proposals for technical workshops) .
•
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Quantification Level Advisory Group,
March 2004 - February 2006 .
•
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Mercury Electric Utility Workgroup,
August 2003 - June 2005 .
•
Steering Committee of SETAC workshop on environmental responses to reduced mercury
loadings, September 14-17, 2003 .
•
Global Mercury Assessment Working Group, United Nations Environment Programme
Chemicals, Global Mercury Assessment, July - December 2002 .
•
Advisory Committee to Michigan Department of Community Health, Michigan
Biomonitoring Planning Grant process, September - December 2002
.
•
Peer reviewer for Michigan Department of Environmental Quality document, The
Development of an Air Toxics Monitoring Strategy for Michigan, 2002 .
•
Michigan Great Lakes Protection Fund, Technical Advisory Board, 2000 - 2002 .
•
Steering Committee, and co-chair of policy session, for U .S. EPA Workshop on the Fate,
Transport and Transformation of Mercury in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments, West
Palm Beach, FL, May 8-10,2001 .
•
Total Maximum Daily Load External Advisory Group (Mercury Workgroup), Ohio
Environmental Protection Agency, 1998
- 2000 .
•
Peer reviewer for U .S. EPA report, Deposition of Air Pollutants to the Great Waters
: Third
Report to Congress, 2000 .
•
Peer review panel, Mercury : Transport and Fate Through a Watershed, EPA Science to
Achieve Results (STAR) program, Washington, D.C ., May 5-6, 1999
.
•
SETAC Pellston Workshop, Criteria for Persistence and Long-Range Transport of
Chemicals in the Environment, Fairmont Hot Springs, British Columbia, July 14-19,
1998.
•
Michigan Air Quality Division De Minimis Quantities Workgroup, 1998
.
•
Estimating Atmospheric Deposition of Toxic Substances to the Great Lakes : An Update,
Meeting in Burlington, Ont ., January 31 - February 2, 1992
.
•
Have reviewed manuscripts for Atmospheric Environment, Environmental Science and
Technology, Environmental Health Perspectives, and Environmental Engineering Science,
a
grant proposal to U .S
. EPA, and have reviewed over 25 reports and comment letters from
other nonprofit groups
.
Michael William Murray
Page 10
Awards/ Professional Societies
Runner-up for the HydroLab Best Student Paper award at the 33rd Conference on Great
Lakes Research (1990)
.
Selected for membership in Sigma Xi, 1993
American Chemical Society, since 1990
American Geophysical Union, since 1995
American Public Health Association, since 2003
International Association for Great Lakes Research, since 1990
Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, since 1993
Languages
Speaking/reading/writing proficiency in French
; limited proficiency in Spanish
.
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I, Faith Bugel, certify that on July 24, 2006, I filed the attached TESTIMONY OF MICHAEL
MURRAY. An original and 9 copies were filed, on recycled paper, with the Illinois Pollution
Control Board, James R . Thompson Center, 100 West Randolph, Suite 11-500, Chicago, IL
60601, and copies were served via United States Mail to those individuals on the included
service list
.
Faith
j
Bugel (RegE~xuov'e
. No. 255685)-
Counsel for Environmental Law and Policy Center
DATED : July 24, 2006
Environmental Law and Policy Center
35 E. Wacker Drive, Suite 1300
Chicago, Illinois 60601
312-795-3707
Chicago Legal Clinic, Inc
Keith I. Harley
205 W. Monroe St ., 4th Floor
Chicago, IL 60606
Dynegy Midwest Generation, Inc
.
James W. Ingram, Senior Corporate Council
1000 Louisiana, Ste . 5800
Houston, TX 77002
Hodge Dwyer Zeman
N. Ladonna Driver
Katherine D. Hodge
3150 Roland Ave .
P .O. Box 5776
Springfield, IL 62705-5776
IEPA
John J. Kim, Assistant Council
Charles E
. Matoesan, Assistant Council
Gina Roccaforte
1021 N. Grand Ave . East
P.O. Box 19276
Springfield, IL 62794-9276
Jenner & Block
Bill S. Forcade
Katherine M . Rahill
One IBM Plaza, 40th Floor
Chicago, IL 60611
Karaganis, White & Magel, Ltd .
Christopher W . Newcomb
414 N
. Orleans St
., Ste
. 810
Chicago, IL 60610
McGuire Woods LLP
James T. Harrington
Jeremy R. Hojnicki
David Rieser
77 W
. Wacker Dr ., Ste. 4100
Chicago, IL 60601
SERVICE LIST R06-25
Office of Public Utilities
William A . Murray, Regulatory Affairs
Manager
800 East Monroe
Springfield, IL 62757
Office of Public Utilities, City of Springfield
S
. David Farris, Manager, Environmental
Health and Safety
201 E. Lake Shore Dr .
Springfield, IL 62757
Prairie State Generating Company, LLC
Dianna Tickner
701 Market St ., Ste. 781
St. Louis, MO 63101
Schiff Hardin, LLP
Kathleen C . Bassi
Stephen J. Bonebrake
Glenna L. Gilbert
Joshua R . More
Sheldon A. Zabel
6600 Sears Tower
233 South Wacker Dr.
Chicago, IL 60606-6473
Sierra Club
Bruce Nilles, Attorney
122 W
. Washington Ave ., Ste. 830
Madison, WI
53703
Chicago Legal Clinic, Inc
Keith I. Harley
205 W
. Monroe St., 4th Floor
Chicago, IL 60606
Dynegy Midwest Generation, Inc .
James W . Ingram, Senior Corporate Council
1000 Louisiana, Ste. 5800
Houston, TX 77002
Hodge Dwyer Zeman
N
. Ladonna Driver
Katherine D. Hodge
3150 Roland Ave .
P .O. Box 5776
Springfield, IL 62705-5776
IEPA
John J . Kim, Assistant Council
Charles E . Matoesan, Assistant Council
Gina Roccaforte
1021 N. Grand Ave. East
P.O
. Box 19276
Springfield, IL 62794-9276
Jenner & Block
Bill S. Forcade
Katherine M. Rahill
One IBM Plaza, 40th Floor
Chicago, IL 60611
Karaganis, White & Magel, Ltd
.
Christopher W . Newcomb
414 N. Orleans St ., Ste
. 810
Chicago, IL 60610
McGuire Woods LLP
James T
. Harrington
Jeremy R
. Hojnicki
David Rieser
77 W
. Wacker Dr., Ste. 4100
Chicago, IL 60601
SERVICE LIST R06-25
Office of Public Utilities
William A . Murray, Regulatory Affairs
Manager
800 East Monroe
Springfield, IL 62757
Office of Public Utilities, City of Springfield
S
. David Fares, Manager, Environmental
Health and Safety
201 E
. Lake Shore Dr .
Springfield, IL 62757
Prairie State Generating Company, LLC
Dianna Tickner
701 Market St., Ste. 781
St
. Louis, MO 63101
Schiff Hardin, LLP
Kathleen C . Bassi
Stephen J. Bonebrake
Glenna L. Gilbert
Joshua R. More
Sheldon A. Zabel
6600 Sears Tower
233 South Wacker Dr .
Chicago, IL 60606-6473
Sierra Club
Bruce Nilles, Attorney
122 W . Washington Ave
., Ste . 830
Madison, WI
53703
