ILLINOIS POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
January 20, 2005
IN THE MATTER OF:
)
)
SDWA UPDATE, USEPA AMENDMENTS ) R05-6
(January 1, 2004 though June 30, 2004, ) (Identical-in-Substance
August 25, 2004)
) Rulemaking - Public Water Supply)
Adopted Rule. Final Order.
OPINION AND ORDER OF THE BOARD (by T.E. Johnson):
The Board today adopts amendments to the Illinois regulations that are “identical in
substance” to drinking water regulations adopted by the United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA). The USEPA rules implement Sections 1412(b), 1414(c), 1417(a), and
1445(a) of the federal Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) (42 U.S.C. §§ 300g-1(a), 300g-3(c),
300g-6(a), and 300j-4(a) (1994)).
This docket includes federal SDWA amendments that USEPA adopted in the period
January 1, 2004 though June 30, 2004, and on August 25, 2004. The amendments approve one
new analytical method for analysis of total coliforms and
E. coli
and three new methods for
analysis of uranium in drinking water. Another amendment makes a number of minor
corrections to various federal rules, including the Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, the Surface Water Treatment Rule, and the Lead and Copper Rule.
Sections 7.2 and 17.5 of the Environmental Protection Act (Act) (415 ILCS 5/7.2 and
17.5 (2002)) provide for quick adoption by the Board of regulations that are identical in
substance to federal regulations that USEPA adopts to implement Sections 1412(b), 1414(c),
1417(a), and 1445(a) of the federal SDWA. Section 17.5 also provides that Title VII of the Act
and Section 5 of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) (5 ILCS 100/5-35 and 5-40 (2002)) do
not apply to the Board’s adoption of identical-in-substance regulations. The federal SDWA
regulations are found at 40 C.F.R. 141 through 143.
A Notice of Proposed Amendments appeared in the October 29, 2004 issue of the
Illinois
Register
, at 28 Ill. Reg. 13954. The Board received three public comments during the public
comment period, and these are reflected in the adopted amendments. The Board will
immediately file the adopted rules with the Office of the Secretary of State.
FEDERAL ACTIONS CONSIDERED IN THIS RULEMAKING
This docket includes federal SDWA amendments that USEPA adopted in the period
January 1, 2004 though June 30, 2004. Also included are amendments adopted by USEPA on
August 25, 2004. The Board included the August 25, 2004 amendments because they directly
affect amendments undertaken during the period January 1, 2004 though June 30, 2004.
2
The amendments involved in this docket approve one new analytical method for analysis
of total coliforms and
E. coli
and three new methods for analysis of uranium in drinking water.
Another amendment makes a number of minor corrections to various federal rules, including the
Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, the Surface Water Treatment Rule, and
the Lead and Copper Rule.
The following briefly summarizes the federal actions considered in this rulemaking.
Docket R05-6: January 1, 2004 though June 30, 2004 SDWA Amendments
USEPA amended the federal SDWA regulations three times during the period January 1,
2004 though June 30, 2004. These actions are summarized below:
February 13, 2004 (69 Fed. Reg. 7156)
USEPA approved an additional analytical method for coliforms and
E. coli
in
drinking water.
June 2, 2004 (69 Fed. Reg. 31008)
By a direct final rule, USEPA approved three additional analytical methods for
uranium in drinking water. (This rule was withdrawn on August 25, 2004, as
described below.)
June 29, 2004 (69 Fed. Reg. 38850)
USEPA adopted a number of minor corrections to various rules, including the
Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, the Surface Water
Treatment Rule, and the Lead and Copper Rule.
Two Later SDWA (Drinking Water) Amendments of Interest: August 25, 2004
When the Board observes an action outside the timeframe of a docket that would require
expedited consideration in the pending docket, the Board will expedite consideration of those
amendments. Federal actions that could warrant expedited consideration include those that
directly affect the amendments involved in this docket, those for which compelling reasons
would warrant consideration as soon as possible, and those for which the Board has received a
request for expedited consideration.
In the course of ongoing monitoring of federal actions, the Board has identified two
simultaneous and related USEPA actions since June 30, 2004, that further amend the SDWA
rules. Both actions relate directly to the subject matter of the June 2, 2004 amendments that are
involved in this docket. Those two actions are described as follows:
August 25, 2004 (69 Fed. Reg. 52176)
By a final rule, USEPA approved the three additional analytical methods for
uranium in drinking water that it had approved on June 2, 2004, by a direct final
rule. (Note the June 2, 2004 notice of proposed rule at 69 Fed. Reg. 31068.)
3
August 25, 2004 (69 Fed. Reg. 52181)
In response to adverse public comments, USEPA withdrew its June 2, 2004 direct
final rule that approved three additional analytical methods for uranium in
drinking water.
The actions of August 25, 2004, directly affect the subject matter of the June 2, 2004
amendments. One August 25, 2004 action nullifies the June 2, 2004 action, and the other
August 25, 2004 adopts the June 2, 2004 amendments based on the notice of proposed rule
published on June 2, 2004 in conjunction with the direct final rule.
1
The ultimate August 25,
2004 rule adopted was identical to the direct final rule adopted on June 2, 2004 and withdrawn
on August 25, 2004.
No Other Federal Actions Having a Direct Impact on the
Illinois SDWA (Drinking Water) Regulations
In addition to the amendments to the federal SDWA regulations, amendments to certain
other federal regulations occasionally have an effect on the Illinois drinking water rules. Most
notably, 35 Ill. Adm. Code 611.102 includes the incorporation of Appendices B and C of 40
C.F.R. 136 by reference. These are federal Clean Water Act methods for analysis of
contaminants in water.
As of the date of this opinion and order, the Board has found no amendments to the
pertinent segments of 40 C.F.R. 136 in the current update period. No Board action will be
required at this time to update the version of 40 C.F.R. 136 incorporated by reference in to
include the amendments.
Summary Tabulation of the Federal Actions Included in This Docket
February 13, 2004
(69 Fed. Reg. 7156)
Additional analytical method for coliforms and
E. coli
in drinking water.
June 2, 2004
(69 Fed. Reg. 31008)
(Direct final rule.) Approval of three additional
analytical methods for uranium in drinking water.
June 29, 2004
(69 Fed. Reg. 38850)
Minor corrections to various rules, including the Long
Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, the
Surface Water Treatment Rule, and the Lead and
Copper Rule.
1
USEPA uses a direct final rule for actions that it believes will be non-controversial. USEPA
simultaneously publishes a notice of proposed amendments and a notice of direct final rule. The
direct final rule will take effect about 60 days after publication, unless USEPA publishes a notice
of withdrawal prior to the effective date. USEPA will withdraw a direct final rule in response to
adverse comments filed within 30 days of the date of publication of the rule.
See, e.g.,
69 Fed.
Reg. 31008 (notice of direct final rule); 69 Fed. Reg. 31068 (simultaneous notice of proposed
rule); 69 Fed. Reg. 52181 (notice of withdrawal of direct final rule).
4
August 25, 2004
(69 Fed. Reg. 52176)
Approval of three additional analytical methods for
uranium in drinking water. (The same approved by
direct final rule on June 2, 2004.)
August 25, 2004
(69 Fed. Reg. 52181)
Withdrawal of the June 2, 2004 direct final rule.
PUBLIC COMMENTS
The Board adopted a proposal for public comment in this matter on October 7, 2004. A
Notice of Proposed Amendments appeared in the October 29, 2004 issue of the
Illinois Register
,
at 28 Ill. Reg. 13954. The Board received public comments on this proposal for 45 days
following its publication, until December 13, 2004. The Board received the following comments
during the comment period:
PC 1 E-mail message from JCAR to Erin Conley forwarded to the hearing officer on
October 27, 2004.
PC 2 E-mail message from JCAR to Erin Conley forwarded to the hearing officer on
October 28, 2004.
PC 3 Illinois Environmental Protection Agency’s Comments on Proposed SDWA
Amendments, by Scott Phillips, Manager, Regulatory Section, Division of Legal
Counsel, Illinois EPA (Agency), dated December 8, 2004 (received December 10,
2004).
In addition to the public comments received, the Board received a document from JCAR
entitled “Identical Line Number Version,” which is a copy of the text of the amendments as it
appeared in the October 29, 2004
Illinois Register
notice. JCAR usually uses highlighting in the
line-numbered version of proposed amendments to indicate miscellaneous corrections to the text
of the amendments. There were no corrections indicated in the line-numbered text for this
proposal.
In PC 1 and PC 2, JCAR asked questions about the proposal for public comment. By the
question in PC 1, JCAR indicated that “Doliform” was misspelled and should have appeared as
“Coliform” in Section 611.526(f)(9). The Board has made that correction. In PC 2, JCAR raised
a small number of questions relative to the federal corrective amendments of June 29, 2004. The
JCAR questions in PC 2 are considered in the segment of this discussion that considers the
June 29 corrections.
In PC 3, the Agency points out that the Board deleted too much language from Section
611.956(d)(2) when incorporating the USEPA corrections to 40 C.F.R. 141.563(b). The Agency
comments are considered in the segment of this discussion that considers the June 29, 2004
federal corrections.
5
DISCUSSION
The following discussion begins with a description of the types of deviations the Board
makes from the literal text of federal regulations in adopting identical-in-substance rules. It is
followed by a discussion of the amendments and actions undertaken in direct response to the
federal actions involved in this proceeding. This first series of discussions is organized by
federal subject matter, generally appearing in chronological order of the relevant
Federal
Register
notices involved. Finally, this discussion closes with a description of the amendments
and actions that are not directly derived from the federal actions.
Discussion of the Federal Action
Newly-Added Analytical Method for Coliforms—Section 611.526
On February 13, 2004 (69 Fed. Reg. 7156), USEPA approved use of the Colitag
®
method for monitoring compliance with the total coliforms and
E. coli
standards for drinking
water. The Colitag
®
method is a proprietary method available for purchase from CPI
International, Inc. The USEPA action includes the Colitag method among the reference and
proprietary methods already approved and available for demonstrating compliance with the total
coliform and
E. coli
standards.
The Board incorporated the February 13, 2004 federal amendments without deviation
from the substance of the federal amendments. References to the Colitag
®
method for testing
total coliforms and
E. coli
are added to Section 611.526(c)(10) and (f)(10), respectively. The
Board has also added the trademark marking “
®
” to each appearance of the proprietary name
“Colitag
®
.” Anyone interested in the substantive aspects of the federal addition of the new
method should refer to the February 13, 2004 issue of the
Federal Register
for further
information.
The Board requests comment on incorporation of the Colitag
®
method into the Illinois
regulations to incorporate the USEPA amendments of February 13, 2004.
Newly-Added Analytical Methods for Uranium—Section 611.720
On June 2, 2004 (69 Fed. Reg. 31008), USEPA adopted a direct final rule approving
three newly approved analytical methods for monitoring compliance with the uranium standard
for drinking water. The methods were inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric methods
in three sources: the 20th edition of “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastes,” Method 3125; ASTM Method D5673-03; and Method 200.8 in “Methods for the
Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples.”
On August 25, 2004 (at 69 Fed. Reg. 52181), USEPA withdrew the June 2, 2004 direct
final rule in response to a “somewhat ambiguous comment letter.” 69 Fed. Reg. at 52181. In a
6
separate notice of final rule, USEPA simultaneously addressed the comment letter and adopted
amendments substantively identical to those withdrawn. 69 Fed. Reg. 52176 (Aug. 25, 2004).
2
The Board incorporated the August 25, 2004 federal amendments without substantive
deviation. References to the three newly approved methods for analysis of uranium were added
to Section 611.720(a)(5). The only differences between the Illinois amendments and the
underlying federal amendments are stylistic. The primary differences relate to differences in the
format of the respective rules: the federal rules appear in tabular form, and the corresponding
Illinois rules appear in the standard paragraph format. This required the addition of the text from
federal end note 13 as a Board note appended to subsection (a)(5). A stylistic difference not
based on format is the designation of uranium isotopes as “
234
U” and “
238
U,” rather than as “U-
234” and “U-238.” The table that begins on page 8 of this opinion itemizes all differences
between the federal and State amendments. Anyone interested in the substantive aspects of the
federal addition of the new method should refer to the August 25, 2004 issue of the
Federal
Register
for further information.
The Board requested comments on incorporation of the uranium methods into the Illinois
regulations to incorporate the USEPA amendments of August 25, 2004. The Board received no
comments on this aspect of the proposed amendments.
Miscellaneous Federal Corrections—Sections 611.231, 611.233, 611.241, 611.242, 611.250,
611.261, 611.262, 611.301, 611.382, 611.383, 611.532, 611.533, 611.720, 611.732, 611.953,
611.955, 611.956, and Appendices G and H to Part 611
On June 29, 2004 (69 Fed. Reg. 38850), USEPA adopted a series of corrections to its
rules. USEPA described the corrections as clarifying typographic errors, inadvertent omissions,
editorial errors, and outdated language in various rules. The rules affected included the
following:
1. The Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), adopted by USEPA on
June 29, 1989 (54 Fed. Reg. 27486), (correcting cross-references);
2. The Lead and Copper Rule (LCR), adopted by USEPA on June 7, 1991 (at
56 Fed. Reg. 26460), and corrected on January 12, 2000 (at 65 Fed. Reg.
1950), (correcting the list of facilities that must receive public education
brochures in the event of an exceedence of the action level);
3. The Phase V Rule, adopted by USEPA on July 17, 1992 (at 57 Fed. Reg.
31776), (clarifying a Best Available Technology for removal of cyanide
from water)
2
The effective date is the only difference between the withdrawn rule of June 2, 2004, and that
adopted on August 25, 2004. The withdrawn rule would have become effective on August 31,
2004, and the August 25, 2004 rule became effective on the date of publication.
7
4. Bottled Water Requirements (changing the reference to bottled
requirements to reflect their movement by the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) from 20 C.F.R. 103.35 to 21 C.F.R. 165.110 on
November 13, 1995 (at 60 Fed. Reg. 57076));
5. The Information Collection Rule (ICR), adopted by USEPA on May 14,
1996 (at 61 Fed. Reg. 24345), (removing obsolete references to data
collected under rules that expired on December 31, 2000);
6. The Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule (Stage 1 D-
DBPR), adopted by USEPA on December 16, 1998 (at 63 Fed. Reg.
69390), (adding compliance with the maximum residual disinfectant level
(MRDL) to the compliance requirements; correcting a cross-reference);
7. The Radionuclides Rule, adopted by USEPA on December 7, 2000 (at 65
Fed. Reg. 76708), (adding a detection limit for uranium; correcting
typographic errors; clarifying screening levels);
8. The Filter Backwash Recycling Rule (FBWR), adopted by USEPA on
June 8, 2001 (at 66 Fed. Reg. 31086), (correcting cross-references;
clarifying the public notice requirements); and
9. The Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
(LT1ESWTR), adopted by USEPA on January 14, 2002 (67 Fed. Reg.
1812), (changing the compliance date from January 14, 2005 to January 1,
2005; adding clarification that the states may approve more representative
data sets to avoid disinfection profile monitoring; correcting typographic
errors, omissions, and cross-references).
The Board incorporated the June 29, 2004 federal amendments without substantive
deviation. It was not necessary, however, to make a small number of the federal corrections
because the Board made the corrections when incorporating the original federal rules into the
Illinois rules. The following table indicates the federal provisions affected by the corrections
and the disposition of the corrections, indicating where applicable the corrections previously
made by the Board:
40 C.F.R. Provision/Federal
Rule Affected
35 Ill. Adm. Code Provision
Disposition of Correction
141.25(c)(1)/Radionuclide Rule
611.720(c)(1)
Corrected in this docket
141.26(b)(2)/Radionuclide Rule
611.732
Corrected in this docket
141.62(c)/Phase V Rule
611.301
Corrected in this docket
141.62(g)/Reference to FDA
Bottled Water Requirements
611.301
Corrected in this docket
141.71(a)/SWTR
611.231
Corrected in this docket
141.71(c)/SWTR
611.233
Corrected in this docket
141.72(a)/SWTR
611.241
Corrected in this docket
8
141.72(b)/SWTR
611.242
Corrected in this docket
141.73(a)(1), (a)(2), (b), and
(c)/SWTR
611.250
Corrected in this docket
141.73(a)(4)/LT1ESWTR
611.250
Corrected in this docket
141.74(b)/SWTR
611.532
Corrected in this docket
141.74(c)/SWTR
611.533
Corrected in this docket
141.75(a)/SWTR
611.261
Corrected in this docket
141.75(b)/SWTR
611.262
Corrected in this docket
141.85/LCR
611.355
USEPA omission not
adopted in docket R01-7
141.132/ICR
611.382
Corrected in this docket
141.133/Stage 1 D-DBPR
611.383
Corrected in this docket
141.170(d)/LT1ESWTR
611.740
Corrected in docket
R03-4
141, Appendix A to Subpart Q/
FBWR
Appendix G to Part 611
Corrected in this docket
141, Appendix B to Subpart Q/
LT1ESWTR
Appendix H to Part 611
Corrected in docket
R03-4
141.502/LT1ESWTR
611.950(c)
Corrected in docket
R03-4
141.530/LT1ESWTR
611.953(a)
Corrected in docket
R03-4
141.531/LT1ESWTR
611.953(b)
Corrected in docket
R03-4
141.534/LT1ESWTR
611.953(e)
Corrected in docket
R03-4
141.551/LT1ESWTR
611.955(b)
Corrected in docket
R03-4
141.563/LT1ESWTR
611.956(d)
Partially corrected in
docket R03-4, completed
in this docket
141.570/LT1ESWTR
611.957(a)
Corrected in docket
R03-4
The following are the two dockets cited in the above table:
SDWA Update, USEPA Amendments (January 1, 2000 through June 30, 2000;
LT1ESWTR), R01-7 (Jan. 4, 2001) and
SDWA Update, USEPA Amendments (January 1, 2002 through June 30, 2002;
LT1ESWTR), R03-4 (Dec. 19, 2002)
The table that begins on page 8 of this opinion itemizes all differences between the
federal and State amendments. Anyone interested in the substantive aspects of the federal
9
addition of the new method should refer to the June 29, 2004 issue of the
Federal Register
for
further information.
The Board requested comments on incorporation of the June 29, 2004 federal corrections
into the Illinois regulations. The Board received two comments: PC 2 from JCAR and PC 3
from the Agency.
In PC 2, JCAR initially questioned the locations in the Illinois rules of 40 C.F.R.
141.563(b), (c), and (d). Those appear as 35 Ill. Adm. Code 611.956(d)(2), (d)(3), and (d)(4),
respectively. While these provisions appear in tables in the federal regulations, the Board has
codified each in the standard subsection format in the Illinois regulations.
In PC 2, JCAR asked the source of the text added to Section 611.242(c)(2). That text,
relating to the use of a certified laboratory for HPC analyses, was derived from 40 C.F.R.
141.72(b)(3)(ii). The added text was inadvertently omitted from Section 611.242 in the original
adoption of that provision in Safe Drinking Water Act Rules, R88-26 (Aug. 9, 1990). The Board
used the opportunity of this proceeding to correct the omission.
The language questioned by JCAR in Section 611.242(c)(2) was also inadvertently
omitted from the original adoption of other provisions in R88-26. The requirement for use of a
certified laboratory for HPC analyses was inadvertently omitted from Section 611.241(d)(2)
(derived from 40 C.F.R. 141.72(a)(4)(ii)), 611.261(b)(8)(G) (derived from 40 C.F.R.
141.75(a)(2)(viii)(G)), 611.262(b)(3)(G) (derived from 40 C.F.R. 141.75(b)(2)(iii)(G)), and
611.533(c)(2) (derived from 40 C.F.R. 141.74(c)(3)(ii)). The Board has restored the language to
each of these provisions in this proceeding.
JCAR also asked about the use of alternative TTHM and HAA5 data in Section
611.953(b). JCAR asked the location of the standards by which the Agency will determine
whether data are representative. Section 611.953(b) deems certain data generally acceptable, as
follows: “samples must have been collected after January 1, 1998, during the month with the
warmest water temperature, and at the point of maximum residence time in the distribution
system.” Thus, USEPA has deemed that recent data which is most likely to indicate TTHM and
HAA5 contamination is acceptable (due to an increased reaction rate and time).
The Board believes that no written standard for evaluation of alternative data is
necessary, since USEPA has indicated the nature of the data sought. The Agency may accept
alternative data that is most likely to show TTHM and HAA5 contamination. The Board
believes that the determination whether data are representative is an engineering judgment of a
type routinely made by the Agency. In response to the JCAR question, however, the Board has
revised the language of the amendment to Section 611.953(b). The Board has added a statement
to Section 611/953(b) that any Agency determination to accept or reject data is to be made by a
special exception permit. This will make it clear that a supplier may seek Board review of any
Agency determination to accept or reject data.
Finally, JCAR asked whether a change is warranted to clarify the federal language added
to Section 611.953(b). JCAR asked whether the language should appear as “is representative of
10
TTHM and HAA5 data” instead of “is representative TTHM and HAA5 data.” The alternative
data approved by the Agency must be representative TTHM and HAA5 data, not representative
of TTHM and HAA5 data. No change is warranted.
In PC 3, the Agency noted an error in the proposal. The June 29, 2004 corrections
deleted the final sentence of 40 C.F.R. 141.563(b). The Board’s October 7, 2004 proposal for
public comment inadvertently marked the final two sentences for deletion. That error is
corrected in this opinion and order.
Discussion of Miscellaneous Housekeeping Amendments
The tables below list numerous corrections and amendments that are not based on current
federal amendments. The first table (beginning immediately below) includes deviations made in
this Proposal for Public Comment from the verbatim text of the federal amendments. The
second table (beginning immediately after Table 1 below) contains corrections and clarifications
that the Board made in the base text involved in this proposal. The amendments listed in this
second table are not directly derived from the current federal amendments. Some of the entries
in these tables are discussed further in appropriate segments of the general discussion beginning
at page 4 of this opinion. Table 3 (beginning on page 13 below) is a listing of revisions made to
the text of the amendments from that proposed and set forth in the Board’s opinion and order of
October 7, 2004. Table 3 indicates the changes made, as well as the source that suggested each
of the changes.
Table 1:
Deviations from the Text of the Federal Amendments
Illinois Section
40 C.F.R. Section
Revision(s)
611.301(c) table and
key
141.62(c) table and
key
Changed “alkaline chlorination” to “ALK
Cl2”
611.383(a)(3)
141.133(a)(3)
Removed the unnecessary semicolon after
“bromate” that separated elements of a two-
element series
611.526(f)(10) 141.21(f)(6)(x) Changed “Colitag
®
” to “Colitag
®
Test”
611.720(a)(5) Board
note
141.25(a) note 12 to
the table
Added the note as a Board note due to
structural differences; changed “a 0.67
pCi/μg of uranium conversion factor” to “a
conversion factor of 0.67 pCi/μg of
uranium”; changed “U-234” to “
234
U”;
changed “U-238” to “
238
U”
11
611.953(b)
141.531
Changed “your state” to “the Agency”;
added “by a SEP . . . Section 611.110” as a
parenthetical offset by commas; added “the
use of . . . if it determines that the data set
is” for enhanced clarity; moved “to
determine these levels” to follow “data set”
for enhanced clarity; changed the final
“data set” to “data”
611.953(e)
141.534
Changed “use the tables . . . to determine”
to “the tables . . . must be used to
determine”; changed “CT99.9” to “CT99.9”
Table2 :
Board Housekeeping Amendments
Section Source
Revision(s)
611.102(b) “ASTM
Method D1253-86”
Board
Moved method into appropriate alphabetical order
611.231(b) Board note
Board
Updated the
Code of Federal Regulations
reference to
the most recent version available
611.233 Board note
Board
Updated the
Code of Federal Regulations
reference to
the most recent version available
611.241(d)(2)
Board
Restored the missing federal text “by a certified
laboratory . . . distribution system”
611.242(c)(2)
Board
Restored the missing federal text “by a certified
laboratory . . . distribution system”
611.250(a)(1)
Board
Added the missing parenthetical offset by a comma
“measured as . . . 611.533(a)” to restore missing federal
text (twice)
611.250(b)(1)
Board
Added the missing parenthetical offset by a comma
“measured as . . . 611.533(a)” to restore missing federal
text
611.250(b)(2)
Board
Added the missing parenthetical offset by a comma
“measured as . . . 611.533(a)” to restore missing federal
text
611.250(c)(1)
Board
Added the missing parenthetical offset by a comma
“measured as . . . 611.533(a)” to restore missing federal
text
611.250(c)(2)
Board
Added the missing parenthetical offset by a comma
“measured as . . . 611.533(a)” to restore missing federal
text
611.261(b)(8)(G)
Board
Restored the missing federal text “by a certified
laboratory . . . distribution system”
611.261 Board note
Board
Updated the
Code of Federal Regulations
reference to
the most recent version available
12
Section Source Revision(s)
611.262(b)(3)(G)
Board
Restored the missing federal text “by a certified
laboratory . . . distribution system”
611.262 Board note
Board
Updated the
Code of Federal Regulations
reference to
the most recent version available
611.301(c) key
Board
Moved “CC corrosion control” into alphabetical order;
moved “Cl2 oxidation (chlorine)” into alphabetical
order; moved “ED electrodialysis” into alphabetical
order; moved “O/F oxidation/filtration” into
alphabetical order
611.382 Board note
Board
Updated the
Code of Federal Regulations
reference to
the most recent version available
611.383 Board note
Board
Updated the
Code of Federal Regulations
reference to
the most recent version available
611.526(c)(9)
Board
Corrected the spelling “Doliform” to “Coliform”
611.526(d)
Board
Moved the ending period after “reserved” inside the
closing quotation mark
611.526(f)(2)
Board
Changed numeric “4” to written “four”
611.526(f)(3)
Board
Changed numeric “6-watt” to written “six-watt”
611.526(f)(9)
JCAR
Corrected the spelling “Doliform” to “Coliform”
611.531 Board note
Board
Updated the
Code of Federal Regulations
reference to
the most recent version available
611.532(f)(2)
Board
Added “that” before “a supplier” for a restrictive
relative clause; restored “measured as specified . . . this
Section” as missing federal text offset by a comma as a
parenthetical
611.532 Board note
Board
Updated the
Code of Federal Regulations
reference to
the most recent version available
611.533(c)(1)
Board
Changed the cross-reference “611.521 et seq.” to
“Sections 611.521 through 611.527”; restored
“measured as specified . . . this Section” as missing
federal text offset by a comma as a parenthetical
611.533(c)(2)
Board
Changed “subsection (c)(1)” to “subsection (c)(1) of
this Section”; restored the missing federal text “by a
certified laboratory . . . distribution system”
611.533 Board note
Board
Updated the
Code of Federal Regulations
reference to
the most recent version available
611.720(c)(1) Board
note
Board Updated the
Code of Federal Regulations
reference to
the most recent version available
611.720(c)(2) Board
note
Board Updated the
Code of Federal Regulations
reference to
the most recent version available
611.720 Board note
Board
Updated the
Code of Federal Regulations
reference to
the most recent version available
611.953 Board note
Board
Updated the
Code of Federal Regulations
reference to
the most recent version available
13
Section Source Revision(s)
611.956 Board note
Board
Updated the
Code of Federal Regulations
reference to
the most recent version available
Appendix H, note 4
Board
Added the abbreviated name for the rule in parentheses
“(SWTR)”; added the abbreviated name for the rule in
parentheses “(IESWTR)”; added the abbreviated name
for the rule in parentheses “(LT1SWTR)”
Appendix H, note 6
Board
Removed the rule name “Surface Water Treatment
Rule” and removed the parentheses from the
abbreviated name for the rule “SWTR”; removed the
rule name “Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment
Rule” and removed the parentheses from the
abbreviated name for the rule “(IESWTR)”; removed
the rule name “Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule” and added the abbreviated name for
the rule “(LT1SWTR)”; removed the rule name
“Surface Water Treatment Rule” and added the
abbreviated name for the rule “(SWTR)”
Appendix H, note 8
Board
Removed the rule name “Surface Water Treatment
Rule” and removed the parentheses from the
abbreviated name for the rule “SWTR”; removed the
rule name “Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment
Rule” and removed the parentheses from the
abbreviated name for the rule “(IESWTR)”; removed
the rule name “Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule” and added the abbreviated name for
the rule “(LT1SWTR)”
Table 3:
Revisions to the Text of the Proposed Amendments in Final Adoption
Section Revised
Source
Revision(s)
611.526(f)(2)
Board
Changed numeric “4” to written “four”
611.526(f)(3)
Board
Changed numeric “6-watt” to written “six-watt”
611.526(f)(9)
JCAR
Corrected the spelling “Doliform” to “Coliform”
611.953(b) Board,
JCAR
Added “by a SEP . . . 611.110” as a parenthetical offset
by commas
611.956(d)(2)
Agency
Removed the overstrike to retain the erroneously
deleted sentence “The self-assessment . . . self-
assessment report.”
ORDER
The Board proposes the following amendments for public comment:
14
TITLE 35: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
SUBTITLE F: PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES
CHAPTER I: POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
PART 611
PRIMARY DRINKING WATER STANDARDS
SUBPART A: GENERAL
Section
611.100 Purpose, Scope, and Applicability
611.101 Definitions
611.102 Incorporations by Reference
611.103 Severability
611.107 Agency Inspection of PWS Facilities
611.108 Delegation to Local Government
611.109 Enforcement
611.110 Special Exception Permits
611.111 Relief Equivalent to SDWA Section 1415(a) Variances
611.112 Relief Equivalent to SDWA Section 1416 Exemptions
611.113 Alternative Treatment Techniques
611.114 Siting Requirements
611.115 Source Water Quantity
611.120 Effective Dates
611.121 Maximum Contaminant Levels and Finished Water Quality
611.125 Fluoridation Requirement
611.126 Prohibition on Use of Lead
611.130 Special Requirements for Certain Variances and Adjusted Standards
611.131 Relief Equivalent to SDWA Section 1415(e) Small System Variance
611.160 Composite Correction Program
SUBPART B: FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION
Section
611.201 Requiring a Demonstration
611.202 Procedures for Agency Determinations
611.211 Filtration Required
611.212 Groundwater under Direct Influence of Surface Water
611.213 No Method of HPC Analysis
611.220 General Requirements
611.230 Filtration Effective Dates
611.231 Source Water Quality Conditions
611.232 Site-Specific Conditions
611.233 Treatment Technique Violations
611.240 Disinfection
611.241 Unfiltered PWSs
611.242 Filtered PWSs
611.250 Filtration
15
611.261 Unfiltered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping
611.262 Filtered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping
611.271 Protection during Repair Work
611.272 Disinfection Following Repair
611.276 Recycle Provisions
SUBPART C: USE OF NON-CENTRALIZED TREATMENT DEVICES
Section
611.280 Point-of-Entry Devices
611.290 Use of Point-of-Use Devices or Bottled Water
SUBPART D: TREATMENT TECHNIQUES
Section
611.295 General Requirements
611.296 Acrylamide and Epichlorohydrin
611.297 Corrosion Control
SUBPART F: MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS (MCLs) AND
MAXIMUM RESIDUAL DISINFECTANT LEVELS (MRDLs)
Section
611.300 Old MCLs for Inorganic Chemical Contaminants
611.301 Revised MCLs for Inorganic Chemical Contaminants
611.310 Old Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for Organic Chemical Contaminants
611.311 Revised MCLs for Organic Chemical Contaminants
611.312 Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs)
611.313 Maximum Residual Disinfectant Levels (MRDLs)
611.320 Turbidity (Repealed)
611.325 Microbiological Contaminants
611.330 Maximum Contaminant Levels for Radionuclides
611.331 Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity (Repealed)
SUBPART G: LEAD AND COPPER
Section
611.350 General Requirements
611.351 Applicability of Corrosion Control
611.352 Corrosion Control Treatment
611.353 Source Water Treatment
611.354 Lead Service Line Replacement
611.355 Public Education and Supplemental Monitoring
611.356 Tap Water Monitoring for Lead and Copper
611.357 Monitoring for Water Quality Parameters
611.358 Monitoring for Lead and Copper in Source Water
611.359 Analytical Methods
611.360 Reporting
611.361 Recordkeeping
16
SUBPART I: DISINFECTANT RESIDUALS, DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS,
AND DISINFECTION BYPRODUCT PRECURSORS
Section
611.380 General Requirements
611.381 Analytical Requirements
611.382 Monitoring Requirements
611.383 Compliance Requirements
611.384 Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements
611.385 Treatment Technique for Control of Disinfection Byproduct (DBP) Precursors
SUBPART K: GENERAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.480 Alternative Analytical Techniques
611.490 Certified Laboratories
611.491 Laboratory Testing Equipment
611.500 Consecutive PWSs
611.510 Special Monitoring for Unregulated Contaminants (Repealed)
SUBPART L: MICROBIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.521 Routine Coliform Monitoring
611.522 Repeat Coliform Monitoring
611.523 Invalidation of Total Coliform Samples
611.524 Sanitary Surveys
611.525 Fecal Coliform and E. Coli Testing
611.526 Analytical Methodology
611.527 Response to Violation
611.531 Analytical Requirements
611.532 Unfiltered PWSs
611.533 Filtered PWSs
SUBPART M: TURBIDITY MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.560 Turbidity
SUBPART N: INORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.591 Violation of a State MCL
611.592 Frequency of State Monitoring
611.600 Applicability
611.601 Monitoring Frequency
611.602 Asbestos Monitoring Frequency
17
611.603 Inorganic Monitoring Frequency
611.604 Nitrate Monitoring
611.605 Nitrite Monitoring
611.606 Confirmation Samples
611.607 More Frequent Monitoring and Confirmation Sampling
611.608 Additional Optional Monitoring
611.609 Determining Compliance
611.610 Inorganic Monitoring Times
611.611 Inorganic Analysis
611.612 Monitoring Requirements for Old Inorganic MCLs
611.630 Special Monitoring for Sodium
611.631 Special Monitoring for Inorganic Chemicals (Repealed)
SUBPART O: ORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.640 Definitions
611.641 Old MCLs
611.645 Analytical Methods for Organic Chemical Contaminants
611.646 Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V Volatile Organic Contaminants
611.647 Sampling for Phase I Volatile Organic Contaminants (Repealed)
611.648 Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V Synthetic Organic Contaminants
611.650 Monitoring for 36 Contaminants (Repealed)
611.657 Analytical Methods for 36 Contaminants (Repealed)
611.658 Special Monitoring for Organic Chemicals (Repealed)
SUBPART P: THM MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.680 Sampling, Analytical, and other Requirements
611.683 Reduced Monitoring Frequency (Repealed)
611.684 Averaging (Repealed)
611.685 Analytical Methods
611.686 Modification to System (Repealed)
611.687 Sampling for THM Potential (Repealed)
611.688 Applicability Dates (Repealed)
SUBPART Q: RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.720 Analytical Methods
611.731 Gross Alpha
611.732 Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity
611.733 General Monitoring and Compliance Requirements
18
SUBPART R: ENHANCED FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION: SYSTEMS
THAT SERVE 10,000 OR MORE PEOPLE
Section
611.740 General Requirements
611.741 Standards for Avoiding Filtration
611.742 Disinfection Profiling and Benchmarking
611.743 Filtration
611.744 Filtration Sampling Requirements
611.745 Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements
SUBPART T: REPORTING AND RECORDKEEPING
Section
611.830 Applicability
611.831 Monthly Operating Report
611.832 Notice by Agency (Repealed)
611.833 Cross Connection Reporting
611.840 Reporting
611.851 Reporting MCL, MRDL, and other Violations (Repealed)
611.852 Reporting other Violations (Repealed)
611.853 Notice to New Billing Units (Repealed)
611.854 General Content of Public Notice (Repealed)
611.855 Mandatory Health Effects Language (Repealed)
611.856 Fluoride Notice (Repealed)
611.858 Fluoride Secondary Standard (Repealed)
611.860 Record Maintenance
611.870 List of 36 Contaminants (Repealed)
SUBPART U: CONSUMER CONFIDENCE REPORTS
Section
611.881 Purpose and Applicability
611.882 Compliance Dates
611.883 Content of the Reports
611.884 Required Additional Health Information
611.885 Report Delivery and Recordkeeping
SUBPART V: PUBLIC NOTIFICATION OF DRINKING WATER
VIOLATIONS
Section
611.901 General Public Notification Requirements
611.902 Tier 1 Public Notice: Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice
611.903 Tier 2 Public Notice: Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice
611.904 Tier 3 Public Notice: Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice
611.905 Content of the Public Notice
611.906 Notice to New Billing Units or New Customers
611.907 Special Notice of the Availability of Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring
Results
19
611.908 Special Notice for Exceedence of the Fluoride Secondary Standard
611.909 Special Notice for Nitrate Exceedences above the MCL by a Non-Community
Water System
611.910 Notice by the Agency on Behalf of a PWS
SUBPART X: ENHANCED FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION--SYSTEMS
SERVING FEWER THAN 10,000 PEOPLE
Section
611.950 General Requirements
611.951 Finished Water Reservoirs
611.952 Additional Watershed Control Requirements for Unfiltered Systems
611.953 Disinfection Profile
611.954 Disinfection Benchmark
611.955 Combined Filter Effluent Turbidity Limits
611.956 Individual Filter Turbidity Requirements
611.957 Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements
611.Appendix A Regulated Contaminants
611.Appendix B Percent Inactivation of G. Lamblia Cysts
611.Appendix C Common Names of Organic Chemicals
611.Appendix D Defined Substrate Method for the Simultaneous Detection of Total Coliforms
and Eschericia Coli from Drinking Water
611.Appendix E Mandatory Lead Public Education Information for Community Water
Systems
611.Appendix F Mandatory Lead Public Education Information for Non-Transient Non-
Community Water Systems
611.Appendix G NPDWR Violations and Situations Requiring Public Notice
611.Appendix H Standard Health Effects Language for Public Notification
611.Appendix I Acronyms Used in Public Notification Regulation
611.Table A Total Coliform Monitoring Frequency
611.Table B Fecal or Total Coliform Density Measurements
611.Table C Frequency of RDC Measurement
611.Table D Number of Lead and Copper Monitoring Sites
611.Table E Lead and Copper Monitoring Start Dates
611.Table F Number of Water Quality Parameter Sampling Sites
611.Table G Summary of Section 611.357 Monitoring Requirements for Water Quality
Parameters
611.Table Z Federal Effective Dates
AUTHORITY: Implementing Sections 7.2, 17, and 17.5 and authorized by Section 27 of the
Environmental Protection Act [415 ILCS 5/7.2, 17, 17.5, and 27].
SOURCE: Adopted in R88-26 at 14 Ill. Reg. 16517, effective September 20, 1990; amended in
R90-21 at 14 Ill. Reg. 20448, effective December 11, 1990; amended in R90-13 at 15 Ill. Reg. 1562,
effective January 22, 1991; amended in R91-3 at 16 Ill. Reg. 19010, effective December 1, 1992;
amended in R92-3 at 17 Ill. Reg. 7796, effective May 18, 1993; amended in R93-1 at 17 Ill. Reg.
20
12650, effective July 23, 1993; amended in R94-4 at 18 Ill. Reg. 12291, effective July 28, 1994;
amended in R94-23 at 19 Ill. Reg. 8613, effective June 20, 1995; amended in R95-17 at 20 Ill. Reg.
14493, effective October 22, 1996; amended in R98-2 at 22 Ill. Reg. 5020, effective March 5,
1998; amended in R99-6 at 23 Ill. Reg. 2756, effective February 17, 1999; amended in R99-12 at 23
Ill. Reg. 10348, effective August 11, 1999; amended in R00-8 at 23 Ill. Reg. 14715, effective
December 8, 1999; amended in R00-10 at 24 Ill. Reg. 14226, effective September 11, 2000;
amended in R01-7 at 25 Ill. Reg. 1329, effective January 11, 2001; amended in R01-20 at 25 Ill.
Reg. 13611, effective October 9, 2001; amended in R02-5 at 26 Ill. Reg. 3522, effective
February 22, 2002; amended in R03-4 at 27 Ill. Reg. 1183, effective January 10, 2003; amended
in R03-15 at 27 Ill. Reg. 16447, effective October 10, 2003; amended in R04-3 at 28 Ill. Reg.
5269, effective March 10, 2004; amended in R04-13 at 28 Ill. Reg. 12666, effective August 26,
2004; amended in R05-6 at 29 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________.
SUBPART A: GENERAL
Section 611.102 Incorporations by Reference
a) Abbreviations and short-name listing of references. The following names and
abbreviated names, presented in alphabetical order, are used in this Part to refer to
materials incorporated by reference:
“Amco-AEPA-1 Polymer” is available from Advanced Polymer Systems.
“ASTM Method” means a method published by and available from the
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
“Colisure Test” means “Colisure Presence/Absence Test for Detection and
Identification of Coliform Bacteria and Escherichia Coli in Drinking
Water,” available from Millipore Corporation, Technical Services
Department.
“Colitag
®
Test” means “Colitag
®
Product as a Test for Detection and
Identification of Coliforms and E. coli Bacteria in Drinking Water and
Source Water as Required in National Primary Drinking Water
Regulations,” available from CPI International.
“Dioxin and Furan Method 1613” means “Tetra- through Octa-
Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans by Isotope-Dilution HRGC/HRMS,”
available from NTIS.
“GLI Method 2” means GLI Method 2, “Turbidity,” Nov. 2, 1992,
available from Great Lakes Instruments, Inc.
“Hach FilterTrak Method 10133” means “Determination of Turbidity by
Laser Nephelometry,” available from Hach Co.
21
“HASL Procedure Manual” means HASL Procedure Manual, HASL 300,
available from ERDA Health and Safety Laboratory.
“Kelada 01” means “Kelada Automated Test Methods for Total Cyanide,
Acid Dissociable Cyanide, And Thiocyanate,” Revision 1.2, August 2001,
EPA # 821–B–01–009, available from the National Technical Information
Service (NTIS).
“Membrane Filter Technique using Chromocult Doliform Agar” means
“Chromocult Coliform Agar Presence/Absence Membrane Filter Test
Method for Detection and Identification of Coliform Bacteria and
Escherichia coli in Finished Waters,” available from EMD Chemicals Inc
.
“NCRP” means “National Council on Radiation Protection.”
“NTIS” means “National Technical Information Service.”
“New Jersey Radium Method” means “Determination of Radium 228 in
Drinking Water,” available from the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection.
“New York Radium Method” means “Determination of Ra-226 and Ra-
228 (Ra-02),” available from the New York Department of Public Health.
“ONGP-MUG Test” (meaning “minimal medium ortho-nitrophenyl-beta-
d-galactopyranoside-4-methyl-umbelliferyl-beta-d-glucuronide test”), also
called the “Autoanalysis Colilert System,” is Method 9223, available in
“Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,” 18th
ed., from American Public Health Association.
“Palintest Method 1001” means “Method Number 1001,” available from
Palintest, Ltd. or the Hach Company.
“QuikChem Method 10–204–00–1-X” means “Digestion and distillation
of total cyanide in drinking and wastewaters using MICRO DIST and
determination of cyanide by flow injection analysis,” available from
Lachat Instruments.
“Readycult Coliforms 100 Presence/Absence Test” means “Readycult
Coliforms 100 Presence/Absence Test for Detection and Identification of
Coliform Bacteria and Escherichia coli in Finished Waters,” available
from EMD Chemicals Inc.
“SimPlate Method” means “IDEXX SimPlate TM HPC Test Method for
Heterotrophs in Water,” available from IDEXX Laboratories, Inc.
22
“Radiochemical Methods” means “Interim Radiochemical Methodology
for Drinking Water,” available from NTIS.
“Standard Methods” means “Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater,” available from the American Public Health
Association or the American Waterworks Association.
“Syngenta AG-625” means “Atrazine in Drinking Water by
Immunoassay,” February 2001 is available from Syngenta Crop
Protection, Inc.
“Technical Bulletin 601” means “Technical Bulletin 601, Standard
Method of Testing for Nitrate in Drinking Water,” July 1994, available
from Analytical Technology, Inc.
“Technicon Methods” means “Fluoride in Water and Wastewater,”
available from Bran & Luebbe.
“USDOE Manual” means “EML Procedures Manual,” available from the
United State Department of Energy.
“USEPA Asbestos Methods-100.1” means Method 100.1, “Analytical
Method for Determination of Asbestos Fibers in Water,” September 1983,
available from NTIS.
“USEPA Asbestos Methods-100.2” means Method 100.2, “Determination
of Asbestos Structures over 10-mm in Length in Drinking Water,” June
1994, available from NTIS.
“USEPA Environmental Inorganics Methods” means “Methods for the
Determination of Inorganic Substances in Environmental Samples,”
August 1993, available from NTIS.
“USEPA Environmental Metals Methods” means “Methods for the
Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples,” available from
NTIS.
“USEPA Inorganic Methods” means “Methods for Chemical Analysis of
Water and Wastes,” March 1983, available from NTIS.
“USEPA Interim Radiochemical Methods” means “Interim Radiochemical
Methodology for Drinking Water,” EPA 600/4-75-008 (revised), March
1976. Available from NTIS.
“USEPA Organic Methods” means “Methods for the Determination of
Organic Compounds in Drinking Water,” July 1991, for Methods 502.2,
23
505, 507, 508, 508A, 515.1, and 531.1; “Methods for the Determination of
Organic Compounds in Drinking Water--Supplement I,” July 1990, for
Methods 506, 547, 550, 550.1, and 551; and “Methods for the
Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water--Supplement
II,” August 1992, for Methods 515.2, 524.2, 548.1, 549.1, 552.1, and 555,
available from NTIS. Methods 504.1, 508.1, and 525.2 are available from
EPA EMSL; “Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds” in
Drinking Water--Supplement II, August 1992, for Method 552.1; “Methods
for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water--
Supplement III,” August 1995, for Methods 502.2, 524.2, 551.1, and 552.2.
Method 515.4, “Determination of Chlorinated Acids in Drinking Water by
Liquid-Liquid Microextraction, Derivatization and Fast Gas
Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection,” Revision 1.0, April
2000, EPA 815/B–00/001, and Method 531.2, “Measurement of N-
methylcarbamoyloximes and N-methylcarbamates in Water by Direct
Aqueous Injection HPLC with Postcolumn Derivatization,” Revision 1.0,
September 2001, EPA 815/B/01/002, are both available on-line from
USEPA, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water.
“USEPA Radioactivity Methods” means “Prescribed Procedures for
Measurement of Radioactivity in Drinking Water,” EPA 600/4-80-032,
August 1980. Available from NTIS.
“USEPA Radiochemical Analyses” means “Radiochemical Analytical
Procedures for Analysis of Environmental Samples,” March 1979.
Available from NTIS.
“USEPA Radiochemistry Methods” means “Radiochemistry Procedures
Manual,” EPA 520/5-84-006, December 1987. Available from NTIS.
“USEPA Technical Notes” means “Technical Notes on Drinking Water
Methods,” available from NTIS.
“USGS Methods” means “Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological
Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Inorganic
and Organic Constituents in Water and Fluvial Sediments,” available from
NTIS and USGS.
“Waters Method B-1011” means “Waters Test Method for the
Determination of Nitrite/Nitrate in Water Using Single Column Ion
Chromatography,” available from Waters Corporation, Technical Services
Division.
b) The Board incorporates the following publications by reference:
Advanced Polymer Systems, 3696 Haven Avenue, Redwood City, CA
24
94063 415-366-2626.
Amco-AEPA-1 Polymer. See 40 CFR 141.22(a) (2003). Also, as
referenced in ASTM D1889.
American Public Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street NW,
Washington, DC 20005 800-645-5476.
“Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater,” 17th Edition, 1989 (referred to as “Standard
Methods, 17th ed.”).
“Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater,” 18th Edition, 1992, including “Supplement to the
18th Edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
and Wastewater,” 1994 (collectively referred to as “Standard
Methods, 18th ed.”). See the methods listed separately for the
same references under American Waterworks Association.
“Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater,” 19th Edition, 1995 (referred to as “Standard
Methods, 19th ed.”).
“Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater,” 20th Edition, 1998 (referred to as “Standard
Methods, 20th ed.”).
American Waterworks Association et al., 6666 West Quincy Ave.,
Denver, CO 80235 303-794-7711.
“National Field Evaluation of a Defined Substrate Method for the
Simultaneous Enumeration of Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli
for Drinking Water: Comparison with the Standard Multiple Tube
Fermentation Method,” S.C. Edberg, M.J. Allen & D.B. Smith,
Applied Environmental Microbiology, vol. 54, iss. 6, pp 1595-
1601 (1988).
“Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater,” 13th Edition, 1971 (referred to as “Standard
Methods, 13th ed.”).
Method 302, Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Radioactivity in
Water (Total, Suspended, and Dissolved).
Method 303, Total Radioactive Strontium and Strontium 90
in Water.
25
Method 304, Radium in Water by Precipitation.
Method 305, Radium 226 by Radon in Water (Soluble,
Suspended, and Total).
Method 306, Tritium in Water.
“Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater,” 17th Edition, 1989 (referred to as “Standard
Methods, 17th ed.”).
Method 7110 B, Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Radioactivity
in Water (Total, Suspended, and Dissolved).
Method 7500-Cs B, Radioactive Cesium, Precipitation
Method.
Method 7500-
3
H B, Tritium in Water.
Method 7500-I B, Radioactive Iodine, Precipitation
Method.
Method 7500-I C, Radioactive Iodine, Ion-Exchange
Method.
Method 7500-I D, Radioactive Iodine, Distillation Method.
Method 7500-Ra B, Radium in Water by Precipitation.
Method 7500-Ra C, Radium 226 by Radon in Water
(Soluble, Suspended, and Total).
Method 7500-Ra D, Radium, Sequential Precipitation
Method (Proposed).
Method 7500-Sr B, Total Radioactive Strontium and
Strontium 90 in Water.
Method 7500-U B, Uranium, Radiochemical Method
(Proposed).
Method 7500-U C, Uranium, Isotopic Method (Proposed).
“Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater,” 18th Edition, 1992 (referred to as “Standard
26
Methods, 18th ed.”).
Method 2130 B, Turbidity, Nephelometric Method.
Method 2320 B, Alkalinity, Titration Method.
Method 2510 B, Conductivity, Laboratory Method.
Method 2550, Temperature, Laboratory and Field Methods.
Method 3111 B, Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry, Direct Air-Acetylene Flame Method.
Method 3111 D, Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry, Direct Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene Flame
Method.
Method 3112 B, Metals by Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry, Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption
Spectrometric Method.
Method 3113 B, Metals by Electrothermal Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry, Electrothermal Atomic
Absorption Spectrometric Method.
Method 3114 B, Metals by Hydride Generation/Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry, Manual Hydride
Generation/Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Method.
Method 3120 B, Metals by Plasma Emission Spectroscopy,
Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Method.
Method 3500-Ca D, Calcium, EDTA Titrimetric Method.
Method 3500-Mg E, Magnesium, Calculation Method.
Method 4110 B, Determination of Anions by Ion
Chromatography, Ion Chromatography with Chemical
Suppression of Eluent Conductivity.
Method 4500-CN
-
C, Cyanide, Total Cyanide after
Distillation.
Method 4500-CN
-
E, Cyanide, Colorimetric Method.
Method 4500-CN
-
F, Cyanide, Cyanide-Selective Electrode
27
Method.
Method 4500-CN
-
G, Cyanide, Cyanides Amenable to
Chlorination after Distillation.
Method 4500-Cl D, Chlorine, Amperometric Titration
Method.
Method 4500-Cl E, Chlorine, Low-Level Amperometric
Titration Method.
Method 4500-Cl F, Chlorine, DPD Ferrous Titrimetric
Method.
Method 4500-Cl G, Chlorine, DPD Colorimetric Method.
Method 4500-Cl H, Chlorine, Syringaldazine (FACTS)
Method.
Method 4500-Cl I, Chlorine, Iodometric Electrode Method.
Method 4500-ClO2 C, Chlorine Dioxide, Amperometric
Method I.
Method 4500-ClO2 D, Chlorine Dioxide, DPD Method.
Method 4500-ClO2 E, Chlorine Dioxide, Amperometric
Method II (Proposed).
Method 4500-F
-
B, Fluoride, Preliminary Distillation Step.
Method 4500-F
-
C, Fluoride, Ion-Selective Electrode
Method.
Method 4500-F
-
D, Fluoride, SPADNS Method.
Method 4500-F
-
E, Fluoride, Complexone Method.
Method 4500-H
+
B, pH Value, Electrometric Method.
Method 4500-NO2
-
B, Nitrogen (Nitrite), Colorimetric
Method.
Method 4500-NO3
-
D, Nitrogen (Nitrate), Nitrate Electrode
Method.
28
Method 4500-NO3
-
E, Nitrogen (Nitrate), Cadmium
Reduction Method.
Method 4500-NO3
-
F, Nitrogen (Nitrate), Automated
Cadmium Reduction Method.
Method 4500-O3 B, Ozone (Residual) (Proposed), Indigo
Colorimetric Method.
Method 4500-P E, Phosphorus, Ascorbic Acid Method.
Method 4500-P F, Phosphorus, Automated Ascorbic Acid
Reduction Method.
Method 4500-Si D, Silica, Molybdosilicate Method.
Method 4500-Si E, Silica, Heteropoly Blue Method.
Method 4500-Si F, Silica, Automated Method for
Molybdate-Reactive Silica.
Method 6651, Glyphosate Herbicide (Proposed).
Method 7110 B, Gross Alpha and Beta Radioactivity
(Total, Suspended, and Dissolved), Evaporation Method for
Gross Alpha-Beta.
Method 7110 C, Gross Alpha and Beta Radioactivity
(Total, Suspended, and Dissolved), Coprecipitation Method
for Gross Alpha Radioactivity in Drinking Water
(Proposed).
Method 7500-Cs B, Radioactive Cesium, Precipitation
Method.
Method 7500-
3
H B, Tritium, Liquid Scintillation
Spectrometric Method.
Method 7500-I B, Radioactive Iodine, Precipitation
Method.
Method 7500-I C, Radioactive Iodine, Ion-Exchange
Method.
Method 7500-I D, Radioactive Iodine, Distillation Method.
29
Method 7500-Ra B, Radium, Precipitation Method.
Method 7500-Ra C, Radium, Emanation Method.
Method 7500-Ra D, Radium, Sequential Precipitation
Method (Proposed).
Method 7500-Sr B, Total Radioactive Strontium and
Strontium 90, Precipitation Method.
Method 7500-U B, Uranium, Radiochemical Method
(Proposed).
Method 7500-U C, Uranium, Isotopic Method (Proposed).
Method 9215 B, Heterotrophic Plate Count, Pour Plate
Method.
Method 9221 A, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Introduction.
Method 9221 B, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Standard Total
Coliform Fermentation Technique.
Method 9221 C, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Estimation of
Bacterial Density.
Method 9221 D, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Presence-Absence (P-
A) Coliform Test.
Method 9221 E, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Fecal Coliform
Procedure.
Method 9222 A, Membrane Filter Technique for Members
of the Coliform Group, Introduction.
Method 9222 B, Membrane Filter Technique for Members
of the Coliform Group, Standard Total Coliform Membrane
Filter Procedure.
Method 9222 C, Membrane Filter Technique for Members
of the Coliform Group, Delayed-Incubation Total Coliform
30
Procedure.
Method 9222 D, Membrane Filter Technique for Members
of the Coliform Group, Fecal Coliform Membrane Filter
Procedure.
Method 9223, Chromogenic Substrate Coliform Test
(Proposed).
“Supplement to the 18th Edition of Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater,” American Public Health
Association, 1994.
Method 6610, Carbamate Pesticide Method.
“Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater,” 19th Edition, 1995 (referred to as “Standard
Methods, 19th ed.”).
Method 2130 B, Turbidity, Nephelometric Method.
Method 2320 B, Alkalinity, Titration Method.
Method 2510 B, Conductivity, Laboratory Method.
Method 2550, Temperature, Laboratory, and Field
Methods.
Method 3111 B, Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry, Direct Air-Acetylene Flame Method.
Method 3111 D, Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry, Direct Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene Flame
Method.
Method 3112 B, Metals by Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry, Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption
Spectrometric Method.
Method 3113 B, Metals by Electrothermal Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry, Electrothermal Atomic
Absorption Spectrometric Method.
Method 3114 B, Metals by Hydride Generation/Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry, Manual Hydride
Generation/Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Method.
31
Method 3120 B, Metals by Plasma Emission Spectroscopy,
Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Method.
Method 3500-Ca D, Calcium, EDTA Titrimetric Method.
Method 3500-Mg E, Magnesium, Calculation Method.
Method 4110 B, Determination of Anions by Ion
Chromatography, Ion Chromatography with Chemical
Suppression of Eluent Conductivity.
Method 4500-Cl D, Chlorine, Amperometric Titration
Method.
Method 4500-Cl E, Chlorine, Low-Level Amperometric
Titration Method.
Method 4500-Cl F, Chlorine, DPD Ferrous Titrimetric
Method.
Method 4500-Cl G, Chlorine, DPD Colorimetric Method.
Method 4500-Cl H, Chlorine, Syringaldazine (FACTS)
Method.
Method 4500-Cl I, Chlorine, Iodometric Electrode Method.
Method 4500-ClO2 C, Chlorine Dioxide, Amperometric
Method I.
Method 4500-ClO2 D, Chlorine Dioxide, DPD Method.
Method 4500-ClO2 E, Chlorine Dioxide, Amperometric
Method II (Proposed).
Method 4500-CN
-
C, Cyanide, Total Cyanide after
Distillation.
Method 4500-CN
-
E, Cyanide, Colorimetric Method.
Method 4500-CN
-
F, Cyanide, Cyanide-Selective Electrode
Method.
Method 4500-CN
-
G, Cyanide, Cyanides Amenable to
Chlorination after Distillation.
32
Method 4500-F
-
B, Fluoride, Preliminary Distillation Step.
Method 4500-F
-
C, Fluoride, Ion-Selective Electrode
Method.
Method 4500-F
-
D, Fluoride, SPADNS Method.
Method 4500-F
-
E, Fluoride, Complexone Method.
Method 4500-H
+
B, pH Value, Electrometric Method.
Method 4500-NO2
-
B, Nitrogen (Nitrite), Colorimetric
Method.
Method 4500-NO3
-
D, Nitrogen (Nitrate), Nitrate Electrode
Method.
Method 4500-NO3
-
E, Nitrogen (Nitrate), Cadmium
Reduction Method.
Method 4500-NO3
-
F, Nitrogen (Nitrate), Automated
Cadmium Reduction Method.
Method 4500-O3 B, Ozone (Residual) (Proposed), Indigo
Colorimetric Method.
Method 4500-P E, Phosphorus, Ascorbic Acid Method.
Method 4500-P F, Phosphorus, Automated Ascorbic Acid
Reduction Method.
Method 4500-Si D, Silica, Molybdosilicate Method.
Method 4500-Si E, Silica, Heteropoly Blue Method.
Method 4500-Si F, Silica, Automated Method for
Molybdate-Reactive Silica.
Method 5910 B, UV Absorbing Organic Constituents,
Ultraviolet Absorption Method.
Method 6251 B, Disinfection Byproducts: Haloacetic Acids
and Trichlorophenol, Micro Liquid-Liquid Extraction Gas
Chromatographic Method.
33
Method 6651, Glyphosate Herbicide (Proposed).
Method 7110 B, Gross Alpha and Gross Beta
Radioactivity, Evaporation Method for Gross Alpha-Beta.
Method 7110 C, Gross Alpha and Beta Radioactivity
(Total, Suspended, and Dissolved), Coprecipitation Method
for Gross Alpha Radioactivity in Drinking Water
(Proposed).
Method 7120 B, Gamma-Emitting Radionuclides, Gamma
Spectrometric Method.
Method 7500-Cs B, Radioactive Cesium, Precipitation
Method.
Method 7500-3H B, Tritium, Liquid Scintillation
Spectrometric Method.
Method 7500-I B, Radioactive Iodine, Precipitation
Method.
Method 7500-I C, Radioactive Iodine, Ion-Exchange
Method.
Method 7500-I D, Radioactive Iodine, Distillation Method.
Method 7500-Ra B, Radium, Precipitation Method.
Method 7500-Ra C, Radium, Emanation Method.
Method 7500-Ra D, Radium, Sequential Precipitation
Method.
Method 7500-Sr B, Total Radiactive Strontium and
Strontium 90, Precipitation Method.
Method 7500-U B, Uranium, Radiochemical Method.
Method 7500-U C, Uranium, Isotopic Method.
Method 9215 B, Heterotrophic Plate Count, Pour Plate
Method.
Method 9221 A, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Introduction.
34
Method 9221 B, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Standard Total
Coliform Fermentation Technique.
Method 9221 C, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Estimation of
Bacterial Density.
Method 9221 D, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Presence-Absence (P-
A) Coliform Test.
Method 9221 E, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Fecal Coliform
Procedure.
Method 9222 A, Membrane Filter Technique for Members
of the Coliform Group, Introduction.
Method 9222 B, Membrane Filter Technique for Members
of the Coliform Group, Standard Total Coliform Membrane
Filter Procedure.
Method 9222 C, Membrane Filter Technique for Members
of the Coliform Group, Delayed-Incubation Total Coliform
Procedure.
Method 9222 D, Membrane Filter Technique for Members
of the Coliform Group, Fecal Coliform Membrane Filter
Procedure.
Method 9223, Chromogenic Substrate Coliform Test
(Proposed).
“Supplement to the 19th Edition of Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater,” American Public Health
Association, 1996.
Method 5310 B, TOC, Combustion-Infrared Method.
Method 5310 C, TOC, Persulfate-Ultraviolet Oxidation
Method.
Method 5310 D, TOC, Wet-Oxidation Method.
35
“Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater,” 20th Edition, 1998 (referred to as “Standard
Methods, 20th ed.”).
Method 2130 B, Turbidity, Nephelometric Method.
Method 2320 B, Alkalinity, Titration Method.
Method 2510 B, Conductivity, Laboratory Method.
Method 2550, Temperature, Laboratory, and Field
Methods.
Method 3120 B, Metals by Plasma Emission Spectroscopy,
Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Method.
Method 3500-Ca B, Calcium, EDTA Titrimetric Method.
Method 3500-Mg B, Magnesium, EDTA Titrimetric
Method.
Method 4110 B, Determination of Anions by Ion
Chromatography, Ion Chromatography with Chemical
Suppression of Eluent Conductivity.
Method 4500-CN
-
C, Cyanide, Total Cyanide after
Distillation.
Method 4500-CN
-
E, Cyanide, Colorimetric Method.
Method 4500-CN
-
F, Cyanide, Cyanide-Selective Electrode
Method.
Method 4500-CN
-
G, Cyanide, Cyanides Amenable to
Chlorination after Distillation.
Method 4500-Cl D, Chlorine, Amperometric Titration
Method.
Method 4500-Cl E, Chlorine, Low-Level Amperometric
Titration Method.
Method 4500-Cl F, Chlorine, DPD Ferrous Titrimetric
Method.
Method 4500-Cl G, Chlorine, DPD Colorimetric Method.
36
Method 4500-Cl H, Chlorine, Syringaldazine (FACTS)
Method.
Method 4500-Cl I, Chlorine, Iodometric Electrode Method.
Method 4500-ClO2 C, Chlorine Dioxide, Amperometric
Method I.
Method 4500-ClO2 D, Chlorine Dioxide, DPD Method.
Method 4500-ClO2 E, Chlorine Dioxide, Amperometric
Method II (Proposed).
Method 4500-F
-
B, Fluoride, Preliminary Distillation Step.
Method 4500-F
-
C, Fluoride, Ion-Selective Electrode
Method.
Method 4500-F
-
D, Fluoride, SPADNS Method.
Method 4500-F
-
E, Fluoride, Complexone Method.
Method 4500-H
+
B, pH Value, Electrometric Method.
Method 4500-NO2
-
B, Nitrogen (Nitrite), Colorimetric
Method.
Method 4500-NO3
-
D, Nitrogen (Nitrate), Nitrate Electrode
Method.
Method 4500-NO3
-
E, Nitrogen (Nitrate), Cadmium
Reduction Method.
Method 4500-NO3
-
F, Nitrogen (Nitrate), Automated
Cadmium Reduction Method.
Method 4500-O3 B, Ozone (Residual) (Proposed), Indigo
Colorimetric Method.
Method 4500-P E, Phosphorus, Ascorbic Acid Method.
Method 4500-P F, Phosphorus, Automated Ascorbic Acid
Reduction Method.
Method 4500-Si C, Silica, Molybdosilicate Method.
37
Method 4500-Si D, Silica, Heteropoly Blue Method.
Method 4500-Si E, Silica, Automated Method for
Molybdate-Reactive Silica.
Method 4500-Cl E, Chlorine (Residual), Low-Level
Amperometric Titration Method.
Method 4500-Cl F, Chlorine (Residual), DPD Ferrous
Titrimetric Method.
Method 4500-Cl G, Chlorine (Residual), DPD Colorimetric
Method.
Method 4500-Cl H, Chlorine (Residual), Syringaldazine
(FACTS) Method.
Method 4500-Cl I, Chlorine (Residual), Iodometric
Electrode Technique.
Method 4500-ClO2 D, Chlorine Dioxide, DPD Method.
Method 4500-ClO2 E, Chlorine Dioxide, Amperometric
Method II.
Method 6651, Glyphosate Herbicide (Proposed).
Method 7110-B, Gross Alpha and Gross Beta
Radioactivity, Evaporation Method for Gross Alpha-Beta.
Method 7110 C, Gross Alpha and Beta Radioactivity
(Total, Suspended, and Dissolved), Coprecipitation Method
for Gross Alpha Radioactivity in Drinking Water
(Proposed).
Method 7120-B, Gamma-Emitting Radionuclides, Gamma
Spectrometric Method.
Method 7500-Cs B, Radioactive Cesium, Precipitation
Method.
Method 7500-3H B, Tritium, Liquid Scintillation
Spectrometric Method.
Method 7500-I B, Radioactive Iodine, Precipitation
38
Method.
Method 7500-I C, Radioactive Iodine, Ion-Exchange
Method.
Method 7500-I D, Radioactive Iodine, Distillation Method.
Method 7500-Ra B, Radium, Precipitation Method.
Method 7500-Ra C, Radium, Emanation Method.
Method 7500-Sr B, Total Radiactive Strontium and
Strontium 90, Precipitation Method.
Method 7500-U B, Uranium, Radiochemical Method.
Method 7500-U C, Uranium, Isotopic Method.
Method 9215 B, Heterotrophic Plate Count, Pour Plate
Method.
Method 9221 A, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Introduction.
Method 9221 B, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Standard Total
Coliform Fermentation Technique.
Method 9221 C, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Estimation of
Bacterial Density.
Method 9221 D, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Presence-Absence (P-
A) Coliform Test.
Method 9221 E, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Fecal Coliform
Procedure.
Method 9222 A, Membrane Filter Technique for Members
of the Coliform Group, Introduction.
Method 9222 B, Membrane Filter Technique for Members
of the Coliform Group, Standard Total Coliform Membrane
Filter Procedure.
39
Method 9222 C, Membrane Filter Technique for Members
of the Coliform Group, Delayed-Incubation Total Coliform
Procedure.
Method 9222 D, Membrane Filter Technique for Members
of the Coliform Group, Fecal Coliform Membrane Filter
Procedure.
Method 9223, Chromogenic Substrate Coliform Test
(Proposed).
Analytical Technology, Inc. ATI Orion, 529 Main Street, Boston, MA
02129.
Technical Bulletin 601, “Standard Method of Testing for Nitrate in
Drinking Water,” July, 1994, PN 221890-001 (referred to as
“Technical Bulletin 601”).
ASTM. American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor
Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 610-832-9585.
ASTM Method D511-93 A and B, “Standard Test Methods for
Calcium and Magnesium in Water,” “Test Method A--
Complexometric Titration” & “Test Method B--Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometric,” approved 1993.
ASTM Method D515-88 A, “Standard Test Methods for
Phosphorus in Water,” “Test Method A--Colorimetric Ascorbic
Acid Reduction,” approved August 19, 1988.
ASTM Method D859-88, “Standard Test Method for Silica in
Water,” approved August 19, 1988.
ASTM Method D1067-92 B, “Standard Test Methods for Acidity
or Alkalinity in Water,” “Test Method B--Electrometric or Color-
Change Titration,” approved May 15, 1992.
ASTM Method D1125-91 A, “Standard Test Methods for
Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of Water,” “Test Method
A--Field and Routine Laboratory Measurement of Static (Non-
Flowing) Samples,” approved June 15, 1991.
ASTM Method D1179-93 B, “Standard Test Methods for Fluoride
in Water,” “Test Method B--Ion Selective Electrode,” approved
1993.
40
ASTM Method D1253-86, “Standard Test Method for Residual
Chlorine in Water,” reapproved 1992.
ASTM Method D1293-84, “Standard Test Methods for pH of
Water,” “Test Method A--Precise Laboratory Measurement” &
“Test Method B--Routine or Continuous Measurement,” approved
October 26, 1984.
ASTM Method D1688-90 A or C, “Standard Test Methods for
Copper in Water,” “Test Method A--Atomic Absorption, Direct” &
“Test Method C--Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace,” approved
March 15, 1990.
ASTM Method D2036-91 A or B, “Standard Test Methods for
Cyanide in Water,” “Test Method A--Total Cyanides after
Distillation” & “Test Method B--Cyanides Amenable to
Chlorination by Difference,” approved September 15, 1991.
ASTM Method D2459-72, “Standard Test Method for Gamma
Spectrometry in Water,” approved July 28, 1972, discontinued
1988.
ASTM Method D2460-90, “Standard Test Method for
Radionuclides of Radium in Water,” approved 1990.
ASTM Method D2907-91, “Standard Test Methods for
Microquantities of Uranium in Water by Fluorometry,” “Test
Method A--Direct Fluorometric” & “Test Method B—Extraction,”
approved June 15, 1991.
ASTM Method D2972-93 B or C, “Standard Test Methods for
Arsenic in Water,” “Test Method B--Atomic Absorption, Hydride
Generation” & “Test Method C--Atomic Absorption, Graphite
Furnace,” approved 1993.
ASTM Method D3223-91, “Standard Test Method for Total
Mercury in Water,” approved September 23, 1991.
ASTM Method D3454-91, “Standard Test Method for Radium-226
in Water,” approved 1991.
ASTM Method D3559-90 D, “Standard Test Methods for Lead in
Water,” “Test Method D--Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace,”
approved August 6, 1990.
41
ASTM Method D3645-93 B, “Standard Test Methods for
Beryllium in Water,” “Method B--Atomic Absorption, Graphite
Furnace,” approved 1993.
ASTM Method D3649-91, “Standard Test Method for High-
Resolution Gamma-Ray Spectrometry of Water,” approved 1991.
ASTM Method D3697-92, “Standard Test Method for Antimony
in Water,” approved June 15, 1992.
ASTM Method D3859-93 A, “Standard Test Methods for
Selenium in Water,” “Method A--Atomic Absorption, Hydride
Method,” approved 1993.
ASTM Method D3867-90 A and B, “Standard Test Methods for
Nitrite-Nitrate in Water,” “Test Method A--Automated Cadmium
Reduction” & “Test Method B--Manual Cadmium Reduction,”
approved January 10, 1990.
ASTM Method D3972-90, “Standard Test Method for Isotopic
Uranium in Water by Radiochemistry,” approved 1990.
ASTM Method D4107-91, “Standard Test Method for Tritium in
Drinking Water,” approved 1991.
ASTM Method D4327-91, “Standard Test Method for Anions in
Water by Ion Chromatography,” approved October 15, 1991.
ASTM Method D4785-88, “Standard Test Method for Low-Level
Iodine-131 in Water,” approved 1988.
ASTM Method D5174-91, “Standard Test Method for Trace
Uranium in Water by Pulsed-Laser Phosphorimetry,” approved
1991.
ASTM Method D5673-03, “Standard Test Method for Elements in
Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma—Mass Spectrometry,”
approved 2003.
ASTM Method D 1253-86, “Standard Test Method for Residual
Chlorine in Water,” reapproved 1992.
Bran & Luebbe, 1025 Busch Parkway, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089.
“Fluoride in Water and Wastewater,” Industrial Method #129-
71W, December 1972 (referred to as “Technicon Methods:
42
Method #129-71W”). See 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1), footnote 11
(2003).
“Fluoride in Water and Wastewater,” #380-75WE, February 1976
(referred to as “Technicon Methods: Method #380-75WE”). See
40 CFR 141.23(k)(1), footnote 11 (2003).
CPI International, Inc., 5580 Skylane Blvd. Santa Rosa, CA 95403.
Telephone: 800-878-7654. Fax: 707-545-7901. Internet address:
www.cpiinternational.com.
“Colitag
®
Product as a Test for Detection and Identification of
Coliforms and E. coli Bacteria in Drinking Water and Source
Water as Required in National Primary Drinking Water
Regulations,” August 2001.
EMD Chemicals Inc. (an affiliate of Merck KGgA, Darmstadt, Germany),
480 S. Democrat Road, Gibbstown, NJ 08027–1297. Telephone: 800-
222–0342. E-mail: adellenbusch@emscience.com.
“Chromocult Coliform Agar Presence/Absence Membrane Filter
Test Method for Detection and Identification of Coliform Bacteria
and Escherichia coli in Finished Waters,” November 2000,
Version 1.0
.
“Readycult Coliforms 100 Presence/Absence Test for Detection
and Identification of Coliform Bacteria and Escherichia coli in
Finished Waters,” November 2000, Version 1.0.
ERDA Health and Safety Laboratory, New York, NY.
HASL Procedure Manual, HASL 300, 1973. See 40 CFR
141.25(b)(2) (2003).
Great Lakes Instruments, Inc., 8855 North 55th Street, Milwaukee, WI
53223.
GLI Method 2, “Turbidity,” Nov. 2, 1992.
The Hach Company, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539-0389. Phone:
800-227-4224.
“Lead in Drinking Water by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping
Voltammetry,” Method 1001, August 1999.
“Determination of Turbidity by Laser Nephelometry,” January
43
2000, Revision 2.0 (referred to as “Hach FilterTrak Method
10133”).
IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., One IDEXX Drive, Westbrook, Maine 04092.
Telephone: 800-321–0207.
“IDEXX SimPlate TM HPC Test Method for Heterotrophs in
Water,” November 2000.
Lachat Instruments, 6645 W. Mill Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53218. Phone:
414–358–4200.
“Digestion and distillation of total cyanide in drinking and
wastewaters using MICRO DIST and determination of cyanide by
flow injection analysis,” Revision 2.1, November 30, 2000
(referred to as “QuikChem Method 10-204-00-1-X”).
Millipore Corporation, Technical Services Department, 80 Ashby Road,
Milford, MA 01730 800-654-5476.
Colisure Presence/Absence Test for Detection and Identification of
Coliform Bacteria and Escherichia Coli in Drinking Water,
February 28, 1994 (referred to as “Colisure Test”).
NCRP. National Council on Radiation Protection, 7910 Woodmont Ave.,
Bethesda, MD 301-657-2652.
“Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible
Concentrations of Radionuclides in Air and in Water for
Occupational Exposure,” NCRP Report Number 22, June 5, 1959.
NSF. National Sanitation Foundation International, 3475 Plymouth Road,
PO Box 130140, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140, 734-769-8010.
NSF Standard 61, section 9, November 1998.
NTIS. National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of
Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161, 703-487-4600
or 800-553-6847.
“Interim Radiochemical Methodology for Drinking Water,” EPA
600/4-75-008 (revised), March 1976 (referred to as “USEPA
Interim Radiochemical Methods”). (Pages 1, 4, 6, 9, 13, 16, 24,
29, 34)
“Kelada Automated Test Methods for Total Cyanide, Acid
44
Dissociable Cyanide, And Thiocyanate,” Revision 1.2, August
2001, EPA # 821–B–01–009 (referred to as “Kelada 01”).
“Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible
Concentrations of Radionuclides in Air and in Water for
Occupational Exposure,” NBS (National Bureau of Standards)
Handbook 69, as amended August 1963, U.S. Department of
Commerce.
Method 100.1, “Analytical Method for Determination of Asbestos
Fibers in Water,” EPA-600/4-83-043, September 1983, Doc. No.
PB83-260471 (referred to as “USEPA Asbestos Methods-100.1”).
Method 100.2, “Determination of Asbestos Structures over 10-mm
in Length in Drinking Water,” EPA-600/4-83-043, June 1994,
Doc. No. PB94-201902 (referred to as “USEPA Asbestos
Methods-100.2”).
“Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes,” March
1983, Doc. No. PB84-128677 (referred to as “USEPA Inorganic
Methods”). (Methods 150.1, 150.2, and 245.2, which formerly
appeared in this reference, are available from USEPA EMSL.)
“Methods for the Determination of Inorganic Substances in
Environmental Samples,” August 1993, PB94-120821 (referred to
as “USEPA Environmental Inorganic Methods”).
“Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental
Samples,” June 1991, Doc. No. PB91-231498 and “Methods for
the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples--
Supplement I,” May 1994, PB95-125472 (referred to as “USEPA
Environmental Metals Methods”).
“Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in
Drinking Water,” December 1988, revised July 1991, EPA-600/4-
88/039 (referred to as “USEPA Organic Methods”). (For methods
502.2, 505, 507, 508, 508A, 515.1, and 531.1.)
“Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in
Drinking Water--Supplement I,” July 1990, EPA/600-4-90-020
(referred to as “USEPA Organic Methods”). (For methods 506,
547, 550, 550.1, and 551.)
“Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in
Drinking Water--Supplement II,” August 1992, EPA-600/R-92-
129 (referred to as “USEPA Organic Methods”). (For methods
45
515.2, 524.2, 548.1, 549.1, 552.1, and 555.)
“Prescribed Procedures for Measurement of Radioactivity in
Drinking Water,” EPA 600/4-80-032, August 1980 (document
number PB 80-224744) (referred to as “USEPA Radioactivity
Methods”). (Methods 900, 901, 901.1, 902, 903, 903.1, 904, 905,
906, 908, 908.1)
“Procedures for Radiochemical Analysis of Nuclear Reactor
Aqueous Solutions,” H.L. Krieger and S. Gold, EPA-R4-73-014,
May 1973, Doc. No. PB222-154/7BA.
“Radiochemical Analytical Procedures for Analysis of
Environmental Samples,” March 1979, Doc. No. EMSL LV
053917 (referred to as “USEPA Radiochemical Analyses”).
(Pages 1, 19, 33, 65, 87, 92)
“Radiochemistry Procedures Manual,” EPA-520/5-84-006,
December 1987, Doc. No. PB-84-215581 (referred to as “USEPA
Radiochemistry Methods”). (Methods 00-01, 00-02, 00-07, H-02,
Ra-03, Ra-04, Ra-05, Sr-04)
“Technical Notes on Drinking Water Methods,” EPA-600/R-94-
173, October 1994, Doc. No. PB-104766 (referred to as “USEPA
Technical Notes”).
BOARD NOTE: USEPA made the following assertion with
regard to this reference at 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1) and 141.24(e) and
(n)(11) (2003): “This document contains other analytical test
procedures and approved analytical methods that remain available
for compliance monitoring until July 1, 1996.”
“Tetra- through Octa-Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans by Isotope
Dilution HRGC/HRMS,” October 1994, EPA-821-B-94-005
(referred to as “Dioxin and Furan Method 1613”).
New Jersey Department of Environment, Division of Environmental
Quality, Bureau of Radiation and Inorganic Analytical Services, 9 Ewing
Street, Trenton, NJ 08625.
“Determination of Radium 228 in Drinking Water,” August 1990.
New York Department of Health, Radiological Sciences Institute, Center
for Laboratories and Research, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201.
“Determination of Ra-226 and Ra-228 (Ra-02),” January 1980,
46
Revised June 1982.
Palintest, Ltd., 21 Kenton Lands Road, P.O. Box 18395, Erlanger, KY
800-835-9629.
“Lead in Drinking Water by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping
Voltammetry,” Method 1001, August 1999.
Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc., 410 Swing Road, Post Office Box 18300,
Greensboro, NC 27419. Telephone: 336-632–6000.
“Atrazine in Drinking Water by Immunoassay,” February 2001
(referred to as “Syngenta AG-625”).
United States Department of Energy, available at the Environmental
Measurements Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, 376 Hudson
Street, New York, NY 10014-3621.
“EML Procedures Manual,” 27th Edition, Volume 1, 1990.
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Ground Water
and Drinking Water, accessible on-line and available by download from
http://www.epa.gov/safewater/methods/
.
Method 515.4, “Determination of Chlorinated Acids in Drinking
Water by Liquid-Liquid Microextraction, Derivatization and Fast
Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection,” Revision
1.0, April 2000, EPA 815/B–00/001 (document file name
“met515_4.pdf”).
Method 531.2, “Measurement of N-methylcarbamoyloximes and
N-methylcarbamates in Water by Direct Aqueous Injection HPLC
with Postcolumn Derivatization,” Revision 1.0, September 2001,
EPA 815/B/01/002 (document file name “met531_2.pdf”).
United States Environmental Protection Agency, EMSL, Cincinnati, OH
45268 513-569-7586.
“Interim Radiochemical Methodology for Drinking Water,” EPA-
600/4-75-008 (referred to as “Radiochemical Methods”).
(Revised) March 1976.
“Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in
Finished Drinking Water and Raw Source Water” (referred to as
“USEPA Organic Methods”). (For methods 504.1, 508.1, and
525.2 only.) See NTIS.
47
“Procedures for Radiochemical Analysis of Nuclear Reactor
Aqueous Solutions.” See NTIS.
USEPA, Science and Technology Branch, Criteria and Standards
Division, Office of Drinking Water, Washington, D.C. 20460.
“Guidance Manual for Compliance with the Filtration and
Disinfection Requirements for Public Water Systems using Surface
Water Sources,” October 1989.
USGS. Books and Open-File Reports Section, United States Geological
Survey, Federal Center, Box 25286, Denver, CO 80225-0425.
Methods available upon request by method number from “Methods
for Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water
Quality Laboratory--Determination of Inorganic and Organic
Constituents in Water and Fluvial Sediments,” Open File Report
93-125, 1993, or Book 5, Chapter A-1, “Methods for
Determination of Inorganic Substances in Water and Fluvial
Sediments,” 3rd ed., Open-File Report 85-495, 1989, as
appropriate (referred to as “USGS Methods”).
I-1030-85
I-1062-85
I-1601-85
I-1700-85
I-2598-85
I-2601-90
I-2700-85
I-3300-85
Methods available upon request by method number from “Methods
for Determination of Radioactive Substances in Water and Fluvial
Sediments,” Chapter A5 in Book 5 of “Techniques of Water-
Resources Investigations of the United States Geological Survey,”
1997.
R-1110-76
48
R-1111-76
R-1120-76
R-1140-76
R-1141-76
R-1142-76
R-1160-76
R-1171-76
R-1180-76
R-1181-76
R-1182-76
Waters Corporation, Technical Services Division, 34 Maple St., Milford,
MA 01757 800-252-4752.
“Waters Test Method for Determination of Nitrite/Nitrate in Water
Using Single Column Ion Chromatography,” Method B-1011,
August 1987 (referred to as “Waters Method B-1011”).
c) The Board incorporates the following federal regulations by reference:
40 CFR 136, Appendices B and C (2003).
d) This Part incorporates no later amendments or editions.
(Source: Amended at 29 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
SUBPART B: FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION
Section 611.231 Source Water Quality Conditions
The Agency must consider the following source water quality conditions in determining whether
to require filtration pursuant to Section 611.211:
a) The fecal coliform concentration must be equal to or less than 20/100 ml, or the
total coliform concentration must be equal to or less than 100/100 ml (measured
as specified in Section 611.531(a) or (b) and 611.532(a)) in representative
49
samples of the source water immediately prior to the first or only point of
disinfectant application in at least 90 percent of the measurements made for the 6
previous months that the system served water to the public on an ongoing basis.
If a system measures both fecal and total coliforms, the fecal coliform criterion,
but not the total coliform criterion, in this subsection, must be met.
b) The turbidity level cannot exceed 5 NTU (measured as specified in Section
611.531(d) 611.531(a) and 611.532(b) in representative samples of the source
water immediately prior to the first or only point of disinfectant application unless
the following are true:
1) The Agency determines that any such event was caused by circumstances
that were unusual and unpredictable; and
2) As a result of any such event there have not been more than two events in
the past 12 months the system served water to the public, or more than
five events in the past 120 months the system served water to the public,
in which the turbidity level exceeded 5 NTU. An “event” is a series of
consecutive days during which at least one turbidity measurement each
day exceeds 5 NTU.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.71(a) (2002) (2003).
c) Each CWS must take its raw water from the best available source that is
economically reasonable and technically possible.
BOARD NOTE: This is an additional State requirement.
d) Use of recycled sewage treatment plant effluent by a CWS on a routine basis must
not be permitted.
BOARD NOTE: This is an additional State requirement.
(Source: Amended at 29 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.233 Treatment Technique Violations
a) A supplier is in violation of a treatment technique requirement if the following is
true:
1) Filtration is required because either of the following:
A) The supplier fails to meet any one of the criteria in Section
611.231 and 611.232; or
B) The Agency has determined, pursuant to Section 611.211, that
50
filtration is required; and
2) The supplier fails to install filtration by the date specified in Section
611.230.
b) A supplier that has not installed filtration is in violation of a treatment technique
requirement if either of the following is true:
1) The turbidity level (measured as specified in Section 611.531(d)
611.531(a) and 611.532(b)) in a representative sample of the source water
immediately prior to the first or only point of disinfection application
exceeds 5 NTU; or
2) The system is identified as a source of a waterborne disease outbreak.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.71(c) (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 29 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.241 Unfiltered PWSs
Each supplier that does not provide filtration treatment must provide disinfection treatment as
follows:
a) The disinfection treatment must be sufficient to ensure at least 99.9 percent (3-
log) inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts and 99.99 percent (4-log) inactivation of
viruses, every day the system serves water to the public, except any one day each
month. Each day a system serves water to the public, the supplier must calculate
the CT99.9 value from the system’s treatment parameters using the procedure
specified in Section 611.532(c) and determine whether this value is sufficient to
achieve the specified inactivation rates for Giardia lamblia cysts and viruses.
1) If a system uses a disinfectant other than chlorine, the system may
demonstrate to the Agency, through the use of an Agency-approved
protocol for on-site disinfection challenge studies or other information,
that CT99.9 values other than those specified in Appendix B of this Part,
Tables 2.1 and 3.1 or other operational parameters are adequate to
demonstrate that the system is achieving minimum inactivation rates
required by this subsection.
2) The demonstration must be made by way of a SEP application pursuant to
Section 611.110.
b) The disinfection system must have either of the following:
1) Redundant components, including an auxiliary power supply with
51
automatic start-up and alarm to ensure that disinfectant application is
maintained continuously while water is being delivered to the distribution
system; or
2)
Automatic shut-off of delivery of water to the distribution system
whenever there is less than 0.2 mg/
ℓ
of RDC in the water. If the Agency
determines, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, that automatic
shut-off would cause unreasonable risk to health or interfere with fire
protection, the system must comply with subsection (b)(1).
c)
The RDC in the water entering the distribution system, measured as specified in
Sections 611.531(e) 611.531(b) and 611.532(e), cannot be less than 0.2 mg/
ℓ
for
more than 4 hours.
d)
RDC in the distribution system.
1)
The RDC in the distribution system, measured as total chlorine, combined
chlorine or chlorine dioxide, as specified in Sections 611.531(e)
611.531(b) and 611.532(f), cannot be undetectable in more than 5 percent
of the samples each month for any two consecutive months that the system
serves water to the public. Water in the distribution system with HPC less
than or equal to 500/ml, measured as specified in Section 611.531(c)
611.531(a), is deemed to have a detectable RDC for purposes of
determining compliance with this requirement. Thus, the value “V” in the
following formula cannot exceed 5 percent in one month, for any two
consecutive months.
(
)
(
)
b
a
e
d
c
100
V
+
+
+
=
where the terms mean the following:
a =
Number of instances where the RDC is measured;
b =
Number of instances where the RDC is not measured, but
HPC is measured;
c =
Number of instances where the RDC is measured but not
detected and no HPC is measured;
d =
Number of instances where the RDC is measured but not
detected, and where the HPC is greater than 500/ml; and
e =
Number of instances where the RDC is not measured and
HPC is greater than 500/ml.
52
2) Subsection (d)(1) does not apply if the Agency determines, pursuant to
Section 611.213, that a supplier has no means for having a sample
analyzed for HPC by a certified laboratory under the requisite time and
temperature conditions specified by Section 611.531(a) and that the
supplier is providing adequate disinfection in the distribution system.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.72(a) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 29 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.242 Filtered PWSs
Each supplier that provides filtration treatment must provide disinfection treatment as follows:
a) The disinfection treatment must be sufficient to ensure that the total treatment
processes of that system achieve at least 99.9 percent (3-log) inactivation or
removal of Giardia lamblia cysts and at least 99.99 percent (4-log) inactivation or
removal of viruses.
b) The RDC in the water entering the distribution system, measured as specified in
Section 611.531(e) 611.531(b) and 611.533(b), cannot be less than 0.2 mg/
ℓ
for
more than 4 hours.
c) RDC in the distribution system.
1) The RDC in the distribution system, measured as total chlorine, combined
chlorine, or chlorine dioxide, as specified in Section 611.531(e)
611.531(b) and 611.533(c), cannot be undetectable in more than 5 percent
of the samples each month, for any two consecutive months that the
system serves water to the public. Water in the distribution system with
HPC less than or equal to 500/ml, measured as specified in Section
611.531(c) 611.531(a), is deemed to have a detectable RDC for purposes
of determining compliance with this requirement. Thus, the value “V” in
the following formula cannot exceed 5 percent in one month, for any two
consecutive months.
V = 100(c + d + e) / (a + b)
where the terms mean the following:
a = Number of instances where the RDC is measured;
b = Number of instances where the RDC is not measured, but
HPC is measured;
53
c = Number of instances where the RDC is measured but not
detected and no HPC is measured;
d = Number of instances where the RDC is measured but not
detected, and where HPC is greater than 500/ml; and
e = Number of instances where the RDC is not measured and
HPC is greater than 500/ml.
2) Subsection (c)(1) does not apply if the Agency determines, pursuant to
Section 611.213, that a supplier has no means for having a sample
analyzed for HPC by a certified laboratory under the requisite time and
temperature conditions specified by Section 611.531(a) and that the
supplier is providing adequate disinfection in the distribution system.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.72(b) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 29 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.250 Filtration
A supplier that uses a surface water source or a groundwater source under the direct influence of
surface water, and does not meet all of the criteria in Sections 611.231 and 611.232 for avoiding
filtration, must have provided treatment consisting of both disinfection, as specified in Section
611.242, and filtration treatment that complies with the requirements of subsection (a), (b), (c),
(d), or (e) by June 29, 1993, or within 18 months after the failure to meet any one of the criteria
for avoiding filtration in Sections 611.231 and 611.232, whichever is later. Failure to meet any
requirement after the date specified in this introductory paragraph is a treatment technique
violation.
a) Conventional filtration treatment or direct filtration.
1) For a system using conventional filtration or direct filtration, the turbidity
level of representative samples of the system’s filtered water must be less
than or equal to 0.5 NTU in at least 95 percent of the measurements taken
each month, measured as specified in Section 611.531(a) and 611.533(a),
except that if the Agency determines, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section
611.110, that the system is capable of achieving at least 99.9 percent
removal or inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts at some turbidity level
higher than 0.5 NTU in at least 95 percent of the measurements taken each
month, the Agency must substitute this higher turbidity limit for that
system. However, in no case may the Agency approve a turbidity limit
that allows more than 1 NTU in more than five percent of the samples
taken each month, measured as specified in Section 611.531(a) and
611.533(a).
54
2) The turbidity level of representative samples of a system’s filtered water
must at no time exceed 5 NTU.
3) Beginning January 1, 2001, a supplier serving at least 10,000 or more
persons must meet the turbidity requirements of Section 611.743(a).
4) Beginning January 1, 2005, a supplier that serves fewer than 10,000
people must meet the turbidity requirements in Section 611.955.
b) Slow sand filtration.
1) For a system using slow sand filtration, the turbidity level of
representative samples of the system’s filtered water must be less than or
equal to 1 NTU in at least 95 percent of the measurements taken each
month, measured as specified in Section 611.531(a) and 611.533(a),
except that if the Agency determines, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section
611.110, that there is no significant interference with disinfection at a
higher level, the Agency must substitute the higher turbidity limit for that
system.
2) The turbidity level of representative samples of a system’s filtered water
must at no time exceed 5 NTU, measured as specified in Section
611.531(a) and 611.533(a).
c) Diatomaceous earth filtration.
1) For a system using diatomaceous earth filtration, the turbidity level of
representative samples of the system’s filtered water must be less than or
equal to 1 NTU in at least 95 percent of the measurements taken each
month, measured as specified in Section 611.531(a) and 611.533(a).
2) The turbidity level of representative samples of a system’s filtered water
must at no time exceed 5 NTU, measured as specified in Section
611.531(a) and 611.533(a).
d) Other filtration technologies. A supplier may use a filtration technology not listed
in subsections (a) through (c) if it demonstrates, by a SEP application pursuant to
Section 611.110, to the Agency, using pilot plant studies or other means, that the
alternative filtration technology, in combination with disinfection treatment that
meets the requirements of Section 611.242, consistently achieves 99.9 percent
removal or inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts and 99.99 percent removal or
inactivation of viruses. For a supplier that makes this demonstration, the
requirements of subsection (b) apply. Beginning January 1, 2002, a supplier
serving 10,000 or more persons must meet the requirements for other filtration
technologies in Section 611.743(b). Beginning January 1, 2005, a supplier that
serves fewer than 10,000 people must meet the requirements for other filtration
55
technologies in Section 611.955.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.73 (2003).
(Source: Amended at 29 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.261 Unfiltered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping
A supplier that uses a surface water source and does not provide filtration treatment must report
monthly to the Agency the information specified in this Section beginning December 31, 1990,
unless the Agency has determined that filtration is required, in which case the Agency must, by a
SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, specify alternative reporting requirements, as
appropriate, until filtration is in place. A supplier that uses a groundwater source under the
direct influence of surface water and does not provide filtration treatment must report monthly to
the Agency the information specified in this Section beginning December 31, 1990, or six
months after the Agency determines that the groundwater source is under the direct influence of
surface water, whichever is later, unless the Agency has determined that filtration is required, in
which case the Agency must, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, specify alternative
reporting requirements, as appropriate, until filtration is in place.
a) Source water quality information must be reported to the Agency within ten days
after the end of each month the system serves water to the public. Information
that must be reported includes the following:
1) The cumulative number of months for which results are reported.
2) The number of fecal or total coliform samples, whichever are analyzed
during the month (if a system monitors for both, only fecal coliforms must
be reported), the dates of sample collection, and the dates when the
turbidity level exceeded 1 NTU.
3) The number of samples during the month that had equal to or fewer than
20/100 ml fecal coliforms or equal to or fewer than 100/100 ml total
coliforms, whichever are analyzed.
4) The cumulative number of fecal or total coliform samples, whichever are
analyzed, during the previous six months the system served water to the
public.
5) The cumulative number of samples that had equal to or fewer than 20/100
ml fecal coliforms or equal to or fewer than 100/100 ml total coliforms,
whichever are analyzed, during the previous six months the system served
water to the public.
6) The percentage of samples that had equal to or fewer than 20/100 ml fecal
coliforms or equal to or fewer than 100/100 ml total coliforms, whichever
56
are analyzed, during the previous six months the system served water to
the public.
7) The maximum turbidity level measured during the month, the dates of
occurrence for any measurements that exceeded 5 NTU and the dates the
occurrences were reported to the Agency.
8) For the first 12 months of recordkeeping, the dates and cumulative number
of events during which the turbidity exceeded 5 NTU, and after one year
of recordkeeping for turbidity measurements, the dates and cumulative
number of events during which the turbidity exceeded 5 NTU in the
previous 12 months the system served water to the public.
9) For the first 120 months of recordkeeping, the dates and cumulative
number of events during which the turbidity exceeded 5 NTU, and after
ten years of recordkeeping for turbidity measurements, the dates and
cumulative number of events during which the turbidity exceeded 5 NTU
in the previous 120 months the system served water to the public.
b) Disinfection information specified in Section 611.532 must be reported to the
Agency within ten days after the end of each month the system serves water to the
public. Information that must be reported includes the following:
1) For each day, the lowest measurement of RDC in mg/
ℓ
in water entering
the distribution system.
2) The date and duration of each period when the RDC in water entering the
distribution system fell below 0.2 mg/
ℓ
and when the Agency was notified
of the occurrence.
3) The daily RDCs (in mg/
ℓ
) and disinfectant contact times (in minutes) used
for calculating the CT values.
4) If chlorine is used, the daily measurements of pH of disinfected water
following each point of chlorine disinfection.
5) The daily measurements of water temperature in degrees C following each
point of disinfection.
6) The daily CTcalc and Ai values for each disinfectant measurement or
sequence and the sum of all Ai values (B) before or at the first customer.
7) The daily determination of whether disinfection achieves adequate Giardia
cyst and virus inactivation, i.e., whether Ai is at least 1.0 or, where
disinfectants other than chlorine are used, other indicator conditions that
the Agency, pursuant to Section 611.241(a)(1), determines are
57
appropriate, are met.
8)
The following information on the samples taken in the distribution system
in conjunction with total coliform monitoring pursuant to Section 611.240
through 611.242:
A)
Number of instances where the RDC is measured;
B)
Number of instances where the RDC is not measured but HPC is
measured;
C)
Number of instances where the RDC is measured but not detected
and no HPC is measured;
D)
Number of instances where no RDC is detected and where HPC is
greater than 500/ml;
E)
Number of instances where the RDC is not measured and HPC is
greater than 500/ml;
F)
For the current and previous month the system served water to the
public, the value of “V” in the following formula:
(
)
(
)
V=
100 c + d + e
a+ b
where the terms mean the following:
a =
Value in subsection (b)(8)(A) of this Section;
b =
Value in subsection (b)(8)(B) of this Section;
c =
Value in subsection (b)(8)(C) of this Section;
d =
Value in subsection (b)(8)(D) of this Section; and
e =
Value in subsection (b)(8)(E) of this Section.
G)
The requirements of subsections (b)(8)(A) through (b)(8)(F) of this
Section do not apply if the Agency determines, pursuant to Section
611.213, that a system has no means for having a sample analyzed
for HPC by a certified laboratory under the requisite time and
temperature conditions specified by Section 611.531(a) and that
the supplier is providing adequate disinfection in the distribution
system.
58
9) A system need not report the data listed in subsections (b)(1) and (b)(3)
through (b)(6) of this Section, if all data listed in subsections (b)(1)
through (b)(8) of this Section remain on file at the system, and the Agency
determines, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, that the
following is true:
A) The system has submitted to the Agency all the information
required by subsections (b)(1) through (b)(8) of this Section for at
least 12 months; and
B) The Agency has determined that the system is not required to
provide filtration treatment.
c) By October 10 of each year, each system must provide to the Agency a report that
summarizes its compliance with all watershed control program requirements
specified in Section 611.232(b).
d) By October 10 of each year, each system must provide to the Agency a report on
the on-site inspection conducted during that year pursuant to Section 611.232(c),
unless the on-site inspection was conducted by the Agency. If the inspection was
conducted by the Agency, the Agency must provide a copy of its report to the
supplier.
e) Reporting health threats.
1) Each system, upon discovering that a waterborne disease outbreak
potentially attributable to that water system has occurred, must report that
occurrence to the Agency as soon as possible, but no later than by the end
of the next business day.
2) If at any time the turbidity exceeds 5 NTU, the system must consult with
the Agency as soon as practical, but no later than 24 hours after the
exceedence is known, in accordance with the public notification
requirements under Section 611.903(b)(3).
3) If at any time the RDC falls below 0.2 mg/
ℓ
in the water entering the
distribution system, the system must notify the Agency as soon as
possible, but no later than by the end of the next business day. The system
also must notify the Agency by the end of the next business day whether
or not the RDC was restored to at least 0.2 mg/
ℓ
within four hours.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.75(a) (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 29 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
59
Section 611.262 Filtered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping
A supplier that uses a surface water source or a groundwater source under the direct influence of
surface water and provides filtration treatment must report monthly to the Agency the
information specified in this Section.
a) Turbidity measurements as required by Section 611.533(a) must be reported
within ten days after the end of each month the supplier serves water to the
public. Information that must be reported includes the following:
1) The total number of filtered water turbidity measurements taken during
the month.
2) The number and percentage of filtered water turbidity measurements taken
during the month that are less than or equal to the turbidity limits specified
in Section 611.250 for the filtration technology being used.
3) The date and value of any turbidity measurements taken during the month
that exceed 5 NTU.
b) Disinfection information specified in Section 611.533 must be reported to the
Agency within ten days after the end of each month the supplier serves water to
the public. Information that must be reported includes the following:
1) For each day, the lowest measurement of RDC in mg/
ℓ
in water entering
the distribution system.
2) The date and duration of each period when the RDC in water entering the
distribution system fell below 0.2 mg/
ℓ
and when the Agency was notified
of the occurrence.
3) The following information on the samples taken in the distribution system
in conjunction with total coliform monitoring pursuant to Sections
611.240 through 611.242:
A) Number of instances where the RDC is measured;
B) Number of instances where the RDC is not measured but HPC is
measured;
C) Number of instances where the RDC is measured but not detected
and no HPC is measured;
D) Number of instances where no RDC is detected and where HPC is
greater than 500/ml;
60
E)
Number of instances where the RDC is not measured and HPC is
greater than 500/ml;
F)
For the current and previous month the supplier serves water to the
public,the value of “V” in the following formula:
(
)
(
)
V=
1 0 0 c +d +e
a
b
+
where the terms mean the following:
a =
Value in subsection (b)(3)(A) of this
Section;
b =
Value in subsection (b)(3)(B) of this
Section;
c =
Value in subsection (b)(3)(C) of this
Section;
d =
Value in subsection (b)(3)(D) of this
Section; and
e =
Value in subsection (b)(3)(E) of this
Section.
G)
Subsections (b)(3)(A) through (b)(3)(F) of this Section do not
apply if the Agency determines, pursuant to Section 611.213, that a
supplier has no means for having a sample analyzed for HPC by a
certified laboratory under the requisite time and temperature
conditions specified by Section 611.531(a) and that the supplier is
providing adequate disinfection in the distribution system.
c)
Reporting health threats.
1)
Each supplier, upon discovering that a waterborne disease outbreak
potentially attributable to that water system has occurred, must report that
occurrence to the Agency as soon as possible, but no later than by the end
of the next business day.
2)
If at any time the turbidity exceeds 5 NTU, the supplier must consult with
the Agency as soon as practical, but no later than 24 hours after the
exceedence is known, in accordance with the public notification
requirements under Section 611.903(b)(3).
61
3) If at any time the residual falls below 0.2 mg/
ℓ
in the water entering the
distribution system, the supplier must notify the Agency as soon as
possible, but no later than by the end of the next business day. The
supplier also must notify the Agency by the end of the next business day
whether or not the residual was restored to at least 0.2 mg/
ℓ
within four
hours.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.75(b) (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 29 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
SUBPART F: MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS (MCLs) AND
MAXIMUM RESIDUAL DISINFECTANT LEVELS (MRDLs)
Section 611.301 Revised MCLs for Inorganic Chemical Contaminants
a) This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.62(a), reserved by USEPA. This
statement maintains structural consistency with USEPA rules.
b) The MCLs in the following table apply to CWSs. Except for fluoride, the MCLs
also apply to NTNCWSs. The MCLs for nitrate, nitrite, and total nitrate and
nitrite also apply to transient non-CWSs.
Contaminant MCL
Units
Antimony 0.006
mg/
ℓ
Arsenic (effective
January 23, 2006)
0.010 mg/
ℓ
Asbestos 7
MFL
Barium 2
mg/
ℓ
Beryllium 0.004
mg/
ℓ
Cadmium 0.005
mg/
ℓ
Chromium 0.1
mg/
ℓ
Cyanide (as free CN
-
) 0.2 mg/
ℓ
Fluoride 4.0
mg/
ℓ
Mercury 0.002
mg/
ℓ
Nitrate (as N)
10
mg/
ℓ
Nitrite (as N)
1
mg/
ℓ
Total Nitrate and Nitrite
(as N)
10 mg/
ℓ
Selenium 0.05
mg/
ℓ
Thallium 0.002
mg/
ℓ
BOARD NOTE: See Section 611.300(d) for an elevated nitrate level for
non-CWSs. USEPA removed and reserved the MCL for nickel on June
29, 1995, at 60 Fed. Reg. 33932, as a result of a judicial order in Nickel
Development Institute v. EPA, No. 92-1407, and Specialty Steel Industry
62
of the U.S. v. Browner, No. 92-1410 (D.C. Cir. Feb. 23 & Mar. 6, 1995),
while retaining the contaminant, analytical methodology, and detection
limit listings for this contaminant.
c) USEPA has identified the following as BAT for achieving compliance with the
MCL for the IOCs identified in subsection (b) of this Section, except for fluoride:
Contaminant BATs
Antimony C/F
RO
Arsenic
(BATs for
As
V
. Pre-
oxidation
may be
required to
convert As
III
to As
V
.)
AAL
C/F
IX
LIME
RO
ED
O/F (To obtain high removals, the iron to arsenic ratio
must be at least 20:1)
Asbestos C/F
DDF
CC
Barium IX
LIME
RO
ED
Beryllium AA
C/F
IX
LIME
RO
Cadmium C/F
IX
LIME
RO
Chromium C/F
IX
LIME, BAT for Cr
III
only
RO
63
Cyanide IX
RO
ALK Cl2
Mercury
C/F, BAT only if influent Hg concentrations less than or
equal to 10 μg/
ℓ
GAC
LIME, BAT only if influent Hg concentrations less than
or equal to 10 μg/
ℓ
RO, BAT only if influent Hg concentrations less than or
equal to 10 μg/
ℓ
Nickel IX
LIME
RO
Nitrate IX
RO
ED
Nitrite IX
RO
Selenium AAL
C/F, BAT for Se
IV
only
LIME
RO
ED
Thallium AAL
IX
Abbreviations
AAL Activated alumina
ALK Cl2 Alkaline chlorination (pH
≥
8.5)
C/F Coagulation/filtration (not BAT for a system that
has fewer than 500 service connections)
CC Corrosion control
Cl2 Oxidation (chlorine)
DDF Direct and diatomite filtration
ED Electrodialysis
GAC Granular activated carbon
IX Ion exchange
LIME Lime softening
O/F Oxidation/filtration
64
RO Reverse osmosis
CC
Corrosion control
ED
Electrodialysis
Cl2
Oxidation (chlorine)
UV Ultraviolet irradiation
O/F
Oxidation/filtration
d) At 40 CFR 141.62(d) (2003), USEPA identified the following as the affordable
technology, treatment technique, or other means available to systems serving
10,000 persons or fewer for achieving compliance with the maximum
contaminant level for arsenic:
Small System Compliance Technologies (SSCTs)
1
for Arsenic
2
Small system compliance technology
Affordable for listed small system
categories
3
Activated alumina (centralized)
All size categories
Activated alumina (point-of-use)
4
All size categories
Coagulation/filtration
5
501-3,300 persons, 3,301-10,000 persons
Coagulation-assisted microfiltration
501-3,300 persons, 3,301-10,000 persons
Electrodialysis reversal
6
501-3,300 persons, 3,301-10,000 persons
Enhanced coagulation/filtration
All size categories
Enhanced lime softening (pH> 10.5)
All size categories
Ion exchange
All size categories
Lime softening
5
501-3,300 persons, 3,301-10,000 persons
Oxidation/filtration
7
All size categories
Reverse osmosis (centralized)
6
501-3,300 persons, 3,301-10,000 persons
Reverse osmosis (point-of-use)
4
All size categories
1
Section 1412(b)(4)(E)(ii) of the federal SDWA (42 USC 300g-1(b)(4)(E)(ii))
specifies that SSCTs must be affordable and technically feasible for a small
system supplier.
2
SSCTs for As
V
. Pre-oxidation may be required to convert As
III
to As
V
.
3
The federal SDWA specifies three categories of small system suppliers: (1)
those serving 25 or more, but fewer than 501 persons, (2) those serving more
than 500 but fewer than 3,301 persons, and (3) those serving more than 3,300
but fewer than 10,001 persons.
4
When POU or POE devices are used for compliance, programs to ensure
proper long-term operation, maintenance, and monitoring must be provided by
the water supplier to ensure adequate performance.
5
Unlikely to be installed solely for arsenic removal. May require pH
adjustment to optimal range if high removals are needed.
65
6
Technologies reject a large volume of water--may not be appropriate for areas
where water quantity may be an issue.
7
To obtain high removals, iron to arsenic ratio must be at least 20:1.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.62 (2003).
(Source: Amended at 29 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
SUBPART I: DISINFECTANT RESIDUALS, DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS, AND
DISINFECTION BYPRODUCT PRECURSORS
Section 611.382 Monitoring Requirements
a) General requirements.
1) A supplier must take all samples during normal operating conditions.
2) A supplier may consider multiple wells drawing water from a single aquifer
as one treatment plant for determining the minimum number of TTHM and
HAA5 samples required with Agency approval.
3) Failure to monitor in accordance with the monitoring plan required under
subsection (f) of this Section is a monitoring violation.
4) Where compliance is based on a running annual average of monthly or
quarterly samples or averages and the supplier’s failure to monitor makes it
impossible to determine compliance with MCLs or MRDLs, this failure to
monitor will be treated as a violation for the entire period covered by the
annual average.
5) A supplier must use only data collected under the provisions of this Subpart
I or under the Information Collection Rule (40 CFR 141, Subpart M) to
qualify for reduced monitoring.
b) Monitoring requirements for disinfection byproducts (DBPs).
1) TTHMs and HAA5.
A) Routine monitoring. A supplier must monitor at the following
frequency:
i) A Subpart B system supplier that serves 10,000 or more
persons must collect four water samples per quarter per
treatment plant. At least 25 percent of all samples collected
each quarter must be collected at locations representing
66
maximum residence time. The remaining samples may be
taken at locations representative of at least average
residence time in the distribution system and representing
the entire distribution system, taking into account the
number of persons served, the different sources of water,
and the different treatment methods.
ii) A Subpart B system supplier that serves from 500 to 9,999
persons must collect one water sample per quarter per
treatment plant. The samples must be collected from
locations representing maximum residence time.
iii) A Subpart B system supplier that serves fewer than 500
persons must collect one sample per year per treatment
plant during month of warmest water temperature. The
samples must be collected from locations representing
maximum residence time. If the sample (or average of
annual samples, if more than one sample is taken) exceeds
the MCL, the supplier must increase the monitoring
frequency to one sample per treatment plant per quarter,
taken at a point reflecting the maximum residence time in
the distribution system, until the supplier meets the
standards in subsection (b)(1)(D) of this Section.
iv) A supplier that uses only groundwater not under direct
influence of surface water, which uses chemical
disinfectant, and which serves 10,000 or more persons must
collect one water sample per quarter per treatment plant.
The samples must be collected from locations representing
maximum residence time.
v) A supplier that uses only groundwater not under direct
influence of surface water, which uses chemical
disinfectant, and which serves fewer than 10,000 persons
must collect one sample per year per treatment plant during
month of warmest water temperature. The samples must be
collected from locations representing maximum residence
time. If the sample (or average of annual samples, if more
than one sample is taken) exceeds MCL, the supplier must
increase monitoring to one sample per treatment plant per
quarter, taken at a point reflecting the maximum residence
time in the distribution system, until the supplier meets
standards in subsection (b)(1)(D) of this Section.
BOARD NOTE: If a supplier elects to sample more frequently
than the minimum required, at least 25 percent of all samples
67
collected each quarter (including those taken in excess of the
required frequency) must be taken at locations that represent the
maximum residence time of the water in the distribution system.
The remaining samples must be taken at locations representative of
at least average residence time in the distribution system. For a
supplier using groundwater not under the direct influence of
surface water, multiple wells drawing water from a single aquifer
may be considered one treatment plant for determining the
minimum number of samples required, with Agency approval.
B) A supplier may reduce monitoring, except as otherwise provided, in
accordance with the following:
i) A Subpart B system supplier that serves 10,000 or more
persons and which has a source water annual average TOC
level, before any treatment, of less than or equal to 4.0
mg/
ℓ
may reduce monitoring if it has monitored for at least
one year and its TTHM annual average is less than or equal
to 0.040 mg/
ℓ
and HAA5 annual average is less than or
equal to 0.030 mg/
ℓ
. The reduced monitoring allowed is a
minimum of one sample per treatment plant per quarter at a
distribution system location reflecting maximum residence
time.
ii) A Subpart B system supplier that serves from 500 to 9,999
persons and which has a source water annual average TOC
level, before any treatment, of less than or equal to 4.0
mg/
ℓ
may reduce monitoring if it has monitored at least one
year and its TTHM annual average is less than or equal to
0.040 mg/
ℓ
and HAA5 annual average is less than or equal
to 0.030 mg/
ℓ
. The reduced monitoring allowed is a
minimum of one sample per treatment plant per year at a
distribution system location reflecting maximum residence
time during month of warmest water temperature.
BOARD NOTE: Any Subpart B system supplier serving
fewer than 500 persons may not reduce its monitoring to
less than one sample per treatment plant per year.
iii) A supplier using only groundwater not under direct
influence of surface water using chemical disinfectant and
serving 10,000 or more persons may reduce monitoring if it
has monitored at least one year and its TTHM annual
average is less than or equal to 0.040 mg/
ℓ
and HAA5
annual average is less than or equal to 0.030 mg/
ℓ
. The
reduced monitoring allowed is a minimum of one sample
68
per treatment plant per year at a distribution system
location reflecting maximum residence time during month
of warmest water temperature.
iv) A supplier using only groundwater not under direct
influence of surface water using chemical disinfectant and
serving fewer than 10,000 persons may reduce monitoring
if it has monitored at least one year and its TTHM annual
average is less than or equal to 0.040 mg/
ℓ
and HAA5
annual average is less than or equal to 0.030 mg/
ℓ
for two
consecutive years or TTHM annual average is less than or
equal to 0.020 mg/
ℓ
and HAA5 annual average is less than
or equal to 0.015 mg/
ℓ
for one year. The reduced
monitoring allowed is a minimum of one sample per
treatment plant per three year monitoring cycle at a
distribution system location reflecting maximum residence
time during month of warmest water temperature, with the
three-year cycle beginning on January 1 following the
quarter in which the supplier qualifies for reduced
monitoring.
C) A supplier on a reduced monitoring schedule may remain on that
reduced schedule as long as the average of all samples taken in the
year (for a supplier that must monitor quarterly) or the result of the
sample (for a supplier that must monitor no more frequently than
annually) is no more than 0.060 mg/
ℓ
and 0.045 mg/
ℓ
for TTHMs
and HAA5, respectively. A supplier that does not meet these levels
must resume monitoring at the frequency identified in subsection
(b)(1)(A) of this Section (minimum monitoring frequency column)
in the quarter immediately following the monitoring period in which
the supplier exceeds 0.060 mg/
ℓ
for TTHMs or 0.045 mg/
ℓ
for
HAA5. For a supplier using only groundwater not under the direct
influence of surface water and serving fewer than 10,000 persons,
if either the TTHM annual average is greater than 0.080 mg/
ℓ
or
the HAA5 annual average is greater than 0.060 mg/
ℓ
, the supplier
must go to increased monitoring identified in subsection (b)(1)(A)
of this Section (sample location column) in the quarter
immediately following the monitoring period in which the supplier
exceeds 0.080 mg/
ℓ
for TTHMs or 0.060 mg/
ℓ
for HAA5.
D) A supplier on increased monitoring may return to routine
monitoring if, after at least one year of monitoring, its TTHM
annual average is less than or equal to 0.060 mg/
ℓ
and its HAA5
annual average is less than or equal to 0.045 mg/
ℓ
.
E) The Agency may return a supplier to routine monitoring.
69
2) Chlorite. A CWS or NTNCWS supplier using chlorine dioxide, for
disinfection or oxidation, must conduct monitoring for chlorite.
A) Routine monitoring.
i) Daily monitoring. A supplier must take daily samples at the
entrance to the distribution system. For any daily sample
that exceeds the chlorite MCL, the supplier must take
additional samples in the distribution system the following
day at the locations required by subsection (b)(2)(B) of this
Section, in addition to the sample required at the entrance to
the distribution system.
ii) Monthly monitoring. A supplier must take a three-sample
set each month in the distribution system. The supplier must
take one sample at each of the following locations: near the
first customer, at a location representative of average
residence time, and at a location reflecting maximum
residence time in the distribution system. Any additional
routine sampling must be conducted in the same manner (as
three-sample sets, at the specified locations). The supplier
may use the results of additional monitoring conducted under
subsection (b)(2)(B) of this Section to meet the requirement
for monitoring in this subsection (b)(2)(A)(ii).
B) Additional monitoring. On each day following a routine sample
monitoring result that exceeds the chlorite MCL at the entrance to
the distribution system, the supplier must take three chlorite
distribution system samples at the following locations: as close to
the first customer as possible, in a location representative of average
residence time, and as close to the end of the distribution system as
possible (reflecting maximum residence time in the distribution
system).
C) Reduced monitoring.
i) Chlorite monitoring at the entrance to the distribution system
required by subsection (b)(2)(A)(i) of this Section may not
be reduced.
ii) Chlorite monitoring in the distribution system required by
subsection (b)(2)(A)(ii) of this Section may be reduced to
one three-sample set per quarter after one year of monitoring
where no individual chlorite sample taken in the distribution
system under subsection (b)(2)(A)(ii) of this Section has
70
exceeded the chlorite MCL and the supplier has not been
required to conduct monitoring under subsection (b)(2)(B) of
this Section. The supplier may remain on the reduced
monitoring schedule until either any of the three individual
chlorite samples taken quarterly in the distribution system
under subsection (b)(2)(A)(ii) of this Section exceeds the
chlorite MCL or the supplier is required to conduct
monitoring under subsection (b)(2)(B) of this Section, at
which time the supplier must revert to routine monitoring.
3) Bromate.
A) Routine monitoring. A CWS or NTNCWS supplier using ozone, for
disinfection or oxidation, must take one sample per month for each
treatment plant in the system using ozone. A supplier must take
samples monthly at the entrance to the distribution system while the
ozonation system is operating under normal conditions.
B) Reduced monitoring. A supplier required to analyze for bromate
may reduce monitoring from monthly to once per quarter, if the
supplier demonstrates that the average source water bromide
concentration is less than 0.05 mg/
ℓ
based upon representative
monthly bromide measurements for one year. The supplier may
remain on reduced bromate monitoring until the running annual
average source water bromide concentration, computed quarterly, is
equal to or greater than 0.05 mg/
ℓ
based upon representative
monthly measurements. If the running annual average source water
bromide concentration is equal to or greater than 0.05 mg/
ℓ
, the
supplier must resume routine monitoring required by subsection
(b)(3)(A) of this Section.
c) Monitoring requirements for disinfectant residuals.
1) Chlorine and chloramines.
A) Routine monitoring. A CWS or NTNCWS supplier that uses
chlorine or chloramines must measure the residual disinfectant level
in the distribution system at the same point in the distribution system
and at the same time as total coliforms are sampled, as specified in
Section 611.521. A Subpart B system supplier may use the results
of residual disinfectant concentration sampling conducted under
Section 611.532 for unfiltered systems or Section 611.533 for
systems that filter, in lieu of taking separate samples.
B) Reduced monitoring. Monitoring may not be reduced.
71
2) Chlorine dioxide.
A) Routine monitoring. A CWS, an NTNCWS, or a transient non-
CWS supplier that uses chlorine dioxide for disinfection or
oxidation must take daily samples at the entrance to the distribution
system. For any daily sample that exceeds the MRDL, the supplier
must take samples in the distribution system the following day at the
locations required by subsection (c)(2)(B) of this Section, in addition
to the sample required at the entrance to the distribution system.
B) Additional monitoring. On each day following a routine sample
monitoring result that exceeds the MRDL, the supplier must take
three chlorine dioxide distribution system samples. If chlorine
dioxide or chloramines are used to maintain a disinfectant residual in
the distribution system, or if chlorine is used to maintain a
disinfectant residual in the distribution system and there are no
disinfection addition points after the entrance to the distribution
system (i.e., no booster chlorination), the supplier must take three
samples as close to the first customer as possible, at intervals of at
least six hours. If chlorine is used to maintain a disinfectant residual
in the distribution system and there are one or more disinfection
addition points after the entrance to the distribution system (i.e.,
booster chlorination), the supplier must take one sample at each of
the following locations: as close to the first customer as possible, in
a location representative of average residence time, and as close to
the end of the distribution system as possible (reflecting maximum
residence time in the distribution system).
C) Reduced monitoring. Monitoring may not be reduced.
d) Monitoring requirements for disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors.
1) Routine monitoring. A Subpart B system supplier that uses conventional
filtration treatment (as defined in Section 611.101) must monitor each
treatment plant for TOC not past the point of combined filter effluent
turbidity monitoring and representative of the treated water. A supplier
required to monitor under this subsection (d)(1) must also monitor for TOC
in the source water prior to any treatment at the same time as monitoring for
TOC in the treated water. These samples (source water and treated water)
are referred to as paired samples. At the same time as the source water
sample is taken, a system must monitor for alkalinity in the source water
prior to any treatment. A supplier must take one paired sample and one
source water alkalinity sample per month per plant at a time representative
of normal operating conditions and influent water quality.
2) Reduced monitoring. A Subpart B system supplier with an average treated
72
water TOC of less than 2.0 mg/
ℓ
for two consecutive years, or less than 1.0
mg/
ℓ
for one year, may reduce monitoring for both TOC and alkalinity to
one paired sample and one source water alkalinity sample per plant per
quarter. The supplier must revert to routine monitoring in the month
following the quarter when the annual average treated water TOC greater
than or equal to 2.0 mg/
ℓ
.
e) Bromide. A supplier required to analyze for bromate may reduce bromate
monitoring from monthly to once per quarter, if the supplier demonstrates that the
average source water bromide concentration is less than 0.05 mg/
ℓ
based upon
representative monthly measurements for one year. The supplier must continue
bromide monitoring to remain on reduced bromate monitoring.
f) Monitoring plans. Each supplier required to monitor under this Subpart I must
develop and implement a monitoring plan. The supplier must maintain the plan and
make it available for inspection by the Agency and the general public no later than
30 days following the applicable compliance dates in Section 611.380(b). A
Subpart B system supplier serving more than 3,300 persons must submit a copy of
the monitoring plan to the Agency no later than the date of the first report required
under Section 611.384. After review, the Agency may require changes in any plan
elements. The plan must include at least the following elements:
1) Specific locations and schedules for collecting samples for any parameters
included in this Subpart I;
2) How the supplier will calculate compliance with MCLs, MRDLs, and
treatment techniques; and
3) If approved for monitoring as a consecutive system, or if providing water to
a consecutive system, under the provisions of Section 611.500, the sampling
plan must reflect the entire distribution system.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.132 (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 29 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.383 Compliance Requirements
a) General requirements.
1) Where compliance is based on a running annual average of monthly or
quarterly samples or averages and the supplier fails to monitor for TTHM,
HAA5, or bromate, this failure to monitor will be treated as a monitoring
violation for the entire period covered by the annual average. Where
compliance is based on a running annual average of monthly or quarterly
samples or averages and the supplier’s failure to monitor makes it
73
impossible to determine compliance with the MRDL for chlorine or
chloramines, this failure to monitor will be treated as a monitoring violation
for the entire period covered by the annual average.
2) All samples taken and analyzed under the provisions of this Subpart I must
be included in determining compliance, even if that number is greater than
the minimum required.
3) If, during the first year of monitoring under Section 611.382, any individual
quarter’s average will cause the running annual average of that supplier to
exceed the MCL for total trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids (five), or
bromate or the MRDL for chlorine or chloramine, the supplier is out of
compliance at the end of that quarter.
b) Disinfection byproducts (DBPs).
1) TTHMs and HAA5.
A) For a supplier monitoring quarterly, compliance with MCLs in
Section 611.312 must be based on a running annual arithmetic
average, computed quarterly, of quarterly arithmetic averages of all
samples collected by the supplier as prescribed by Section
611.382(b)(1).
B) For a supplier monitoring less frequently than quarterly, the supplier
demonstrates MCL compliance if the average of samples taken that
year under the provisions of Section 611.382(b)(1) does not exceed
the MCLs in Section 611.312. If the average of these samples
exceeds the MCL, the supplier must increase monitoring to once per
quarter per treatment plant, and such a system is not in violation of
the MCL until it has completed one year of quarterly monitoring,
unless the result of fewer than four quarters of monitoring will
cause the running annual average to exceed the MCL, in which
case the supplier is in violation at the end of that quarter. A
supplier required to increase to quarterly monitoring must calculate
compliance by including the sample that triggered the increased
monitoring plus the following three quarters of monitoring.
C) If the running annual arithmetic average of quarterly averages
covering any consecutive four-quarter period exceeds the MCL,
the supplier is in violation of the MCL and must notify the public
pursuant to Subpart V of this Part in addition to reporting to the
Agency pursuant to Section 611.384.
D) If a PWS fails to complete four consecutive quarter’s monitoring,
compliance with the MCL for the last four-quarter compliance
74
period must be based on an average of the available data.
2) Bromate. Compliance must be based on a running annual arithmetic
average, computed quarterly, of monthly samples (or, for months in which
the supplier takes more than one sample, the average of all samples taken
during the month) collected by the supplier, as prescribed by Section
611.382(b)(3). If the average of samples covering any consecutive four-
quarter period exceeds the MCL, the supplier is in violation of the MCL and
must notify the public pursuant to Subpart V of this Part, in addition to
reporting to the Agency pursuant to Section 611.384. If a PWS supplier
fails to complete 12 consecutive months’ monitoring, compliance with the
MCL for the last four-quarter compliance period must be based on an
average of the available data.
3) Chlorite. Compliance must be based on an arithmetic average of each three
sample set taken in the distribution system as prescribed by Section
611.382(b)(2)(A)(ii) and Section 611.382(b)(2)(B). If the arithmetic
average of any three sample set exceeds the MCL, the supplier is in
violation of the MCL and must notify the public pursuant to Subpart V of
this Part, in addition to reporting to the Agency pursuant to Section 611.384.
c) Disinfectant residuals.
1) Chlorine and chloramines.
A) Compliance must be based on a running annual arithmetic average,
computed quarterly, of monthly averages of all samples collected by
the supplier under Section 611.382(c)(1). If the average of quarterly
averages covering any consecutive four-quarter period exceeds the
MRDL, the supplier is in violation of the MRDL and must notify the
public pursuant to Subpart V of this Part, in addition to reporting to
the Agency pursuant to Section 611.384.
B) In cases where a supplier switches between the use of chlorine and
chloramines for residual disinfection during the year, compliance
must be determined by including together all monitoring results of
both chlorine and chloramines in calculating compliance. Reports
submitted pursuant to Section 611.384 must clearly indicate that
residual disinfectant was analyzed for each sample.
2) Chlorine dioxide.
A) Acute violations. Compliance must be based on consecutive daily
samples collected by the supplier under Section 611.382(c)(2). If
any daily sample taken at the entrance to the distribution system
exceeds the MRDL, and on the following day one (or more) of the
75
three samples taken in the distribution system exceeds the MRDL,
the supplier is in violation of the MRDL and must take immediate
corrective action to lower the level of chlorine dioxide below the
MRDL and must notify the public pursuant to the procedures for
acute health risks in Subpart V of this Part, in addition to reporting
to the Agency pursuant to Section 611.384. Failure to take samples
in the distribution system the day following an exceedence of the
chlorine dioxide MRDL at the entrance to the distribution system
will also be considered an MRDL violation and the supplier must
notify the public of the violation in accordance with the provisions
for acute violations under Subpart V of this Part, in addition to
reporting to the Agency pursuant to Section 611.384.
B) Nonacute violations. Compliance must be based on consecutive
daily samples collected by the supplier under Section 611.382(c)(2).
If any two consecutive daily samples taken at the entrance to the
distribution system exceed the MRDL and all distribution system
samples taken are below the MRDL, the supplier is in violation of
the MRDL and must take corrective action to lower the level of
chlorine dioxide below the MRDL at the point of sampling and must
notify the public pursuant to the procedures for nonacute health risks
in Subpart V of this Part, in addition to reporting to the Agency
pursuant to Section 611.384. Failure to monitor at the entrance to
the distribution system the day following an exceedence of the
chlorine dioxide MRDL at the entrance to the distribution system is
also an MRDL violation and the supplier must notify the public of
the violation in accordance with the provisions for nonacute
violations under Subpart V of this Part, in addition to reporting to
the Agency pursuant to Section 611.384.
d) Disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors. Compliance must be determined as
specified by Section 611.385(c). A supplier may begin monitoring to determine
whether Step 1 TOC removals can be met 12 months prior to the compliance date
for the supplier. This monitoring is not required and failure to monitor during this
period is not a violation. However, any supplier that does not monitor during this
period, and then determines in the first 12 months after the compliance date that it is
not able to meet the Step 1 requirements in Section 611.141(b)(2) and must
therefore apply for alternate minimum TOC removal (Step 2) requirements, is not
eligible for retroactive approval of alternate minimum TOC removal (Step 2)
requirements as allowed pursuant to Section 611.385(b)(3) and is in violation of an
NPDWR. A supplier may apply for alternate minimum TOC removal (Step 2)
requirements any time after the compliance date. For a supplier required to meet
Step 1 TOC removals, if the value calculated under Section 611.385(c)(1)(D) is
less than 1.00, the supplier is in violation of the treatment technique requirements
and must notify the public pursuant to Subpart V of this Part, in addition to
reporting to the Agency pursuant to Section 611.384.
76
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.133 (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 29 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
SUBPART L: MICROBIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section 611.526 Analytical Methodology
a) The standard sample volume required for total coliform analysis, regardless of
analytical method used, is 100 m
ℓ
.
b) Suppliers need only determine the presence or absence of total coliforms; a
determination of total coliform density is not required.
c) Suppliers must conduct total coliform analyses in accordance with one of the
following analytical methods, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102 (the
time from sample collection to initiation of analysis may not exceed 30 hours, and
the supplier is encouraged but not required to hold samples below 10° C during
transit):
1) Total Coliform Fermentation Technique, as set forth in Standard Methods,
18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Methods 9221 A and B, as follows:
A) Lactose broth, as commercially available, may be used in lieu of
lauryl tryptose broth if the supplier conducts at least 25 parallel
tests between this medium and lauryl tryptose broth using the
water normally tested and this comparison demonstrates that the
false-positive rate and false-negative rate for total coliforms, using
lactose broth, is less than 10 percent;
B) If inverted tubes are used to detect gas production, the media
should cover these tubes at least one-half to two-thirds after the
sample is added; and
C) No requirement exists to run the completed phase on 10 percent of
all total coliform-positive confirmed tubes.
2) Total Coliform Membrane Filter Technique, as set forth in Standard
Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Methods 9222 A, B, and C.
3) Presence-Absence (P-A) Coliform Test, as set forth in: Standard
Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 9221 D, as follows:
A) No requirement exists to run the completed phase on 10 percent of
77
all total coliform-positive confirmed tubes; and
B) Six-times formulation strength may be used if the medium is filter-
sterilized rather than autoclaved.
4) ONPG-MUG test: Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method
9223. (The ONPG-MUG test is also known as the Autoanalysis Colilert
System).
5) Colisure Test (Autoanalysis Colilert System). (The Colisure Test may be
read after an incubation time of 24 hours.)
BOARD NOTE: USEPA included the P-A Coliform and Colisure Tests
for testing finished water under the coliform rule, but did not include them
for the purposes of the surface water treatment rule, under Section
611.531, for which quantitation of total coliforms is necessary. For these
reasons, USEPA included Standard Methods: Method 9221 C for the
surface water treatment rule, but did not include it for the purposes of the
total coliform rule, under this Section.
6) E*Colite
®
Test (Charm Sciences, Inc.).
7) m-ColiBlue24
®
Test (Hatch Company).
8) Readycult Coliforms 100 Presence/Absence Test.
9) Membrane Filter Technique using Chromocult Doliform Coliform Agar.
10) Colitag
®
Test.
d) This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.21(f)(4), which USEPA has
marked “reserved.”. This statement maintains structural consistency with the
federal regulations.
e) Suppliers must conduct fecal coliform analysis in accordance with the following
procedure:
1) When the MTF Technique or P-A Coliform Test is used to test for total
coliforms, shake the lactose-positive presumptive tube or P-A vigorously
and transfer the growth with a sterile 3-mm loop or sterile applicator stick
into brilliant green lactose bile broth and EC medium, defined below, to
determine the presence of total and fecal coliforms, respectively.
2) For approved methods that use a membrane filter, transfer the total
coliform-positive culture by one of the following methods: remove the
membrane containing the total coliform colonies from the substrate with
78
sterile forceps and carefully curl and insert the membrane into a tube of
EC medium; (the laboratory may first remove a small portion of selected
colonies for verification); swab the entire membrane filter surface with a
sterile cotton swab and transfer the inoculum to EC medium (do not leave
the cotton swab in the EC medium); or inoculate individual total coliform-
positive colonies into EC medium. Gently shake the inoculated tubes of
EC medium to insure adequate mixing and incubate in a waterbath at
44.5±0.2° C for 24±2 hours. Gas production of any amount in the inner
fermentation tube of the EC medium indicates a positive fecal coliform
test.
3) EC medium is described in Standard Methods, 18th ed., 19th ed., and 20th
ed.: Method 9221 E.
4) Suppliers need only determine the presence or absence of fecal coliforms;
a determination of fecal coliform density is not required.
f) Suppliers must conduct analysis of E. coli in accordance with one of the
following analytical methods, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102:
1) EC medium supplemented with 50 μg/
ℓ
of MUG (final concentration).
EC medium is as described in subsection (e) of this Section. MUG may
be added to EC medium before autoclaving. EC medium supplemented
with 50 μg/
ℓ
MUG is commercially available. At least 10 m
ℓ
of EC
medium supplemented with MUG must be used. The inner inverted
fermentation tube may be omitted. The procedure for transferring a total
coliform-positive culture to EC medium supplemented with MUG is as in
subsection (e) of this Section for transferring a total coliform-positive
culture to EC medium. Observe fluorescence with an ultraviolet light
(366 nm) in the dark after incubating tube at 44.5±2° C for 24±2 hours; or
2) Nutrient agar supplemented with 100 μg/
ℓ
MUG (final concentration), as
described in Standard Methods, 19th ed. and 20th ed.: Method 9222 G.
This test is used to determine if a total coliform-positive sample, as
determined by the MF technique, contains E. coli. Alternatively, Standard
Methods, 18th ed.: Method 9221 B may be used if the membrane filter
containing a total coliform-positive colony or colonies is transferred to
nutrient agar, as described in Method 9221 B (paragraph 3), supplemented
with 100 μg/
ℓ
MUG. If Method 9221 B is used, incubate the agar plate at
35° Celsius for 4 four hours, then observe the colony or colonies under
ultraviolet light (366-nm) in the dark for fluorescence. If fluorescence is
visible, E. coli are present.
3) Minimal Medium ONPG-MUG (MMO-MUG) Test, as set forth in
Appendix D of this Part. (The Autoanalysis Colilert System is a MMO-
MUG test.) If the MMO-MUG test is total coliform positive after a 24-
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hour incubation, test the medium for fluorescence with a 366-nm
ultraviolet light (preferably with a 6-watt six-watt lamp) in the dark. If
fluorescence is observed, the sample is E. coli-positive. If fluorescence is
questionable (cannot be definitively read) after 24 hours incubation,
incubate the culture for an additional four hours (but not to exceed 28
hours total), and again test the medium for fluorescence. The MMO-
MUG test with hepes buffer is the only approved formulation for the
detection of E. coli.
4) The Colisure Test (Autoanalysis Colilert System).
5) The membrane filter method with MI agar.
6) The E*Colite
®
Test.
7) The m-ColiBlue24
®
Test.
8) Readycult Coliforms 100 Presence/Absence Test.
9) Membrane Filter Technique using Chromocult Doliform Coliform Agar.
10) Colitag
®
Test.
g) As an option to the method set forth in subsection (f)(3) of this Section, a supplier
with a total coliform-positive, MUG-negative, MMO-MUG test may further
analyze the culture for the presence of E. coli by transferring a 0.1 m
ℓ
, 28-hour
MMO-MUG culture to EC medium + MUG with a pipet. The formulation and
incubation conditions of the EC medium + MUG, and observation of the results,
are described in subsection (f)(1) of this Section.
h) This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.21(f)(8), a central listing of all
documents incorporated by reference into the federal microbiological analytical
methods. The corresponding Illinois incorporations by reference are located at
Section 611.102. This statement maintains structural parity with USEPA
regulations.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.21(f) (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 29 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.532 Unfiltered PWSs
A supplier that uses a surface water source and does not provide filtration treatment must
monitor, unless the Agency has determined, pursuant to Section 611.211, that filtration is
required. If the Agency determines that filtration is required, it must specify alternative
monitoring requirements, as appropriate, until filtration is in place. A supplier that uses a
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groundwater source under the direct influence of surface water and which does not provide
filtration treatment must monitor within six months after the Agency has determined, pursuant to
Section 611.212, that the groundwater source is under the direct influence of surface water
unless the Agency has determined that filtration is required, in which case the Agency must
specify alternative monitoring requirements, as appropriate, until filtration is in place.
a) Fecal coliform or total coliform density measurements as required by Section
611.231(a) must be performed on representative source water samples
immediately prior to the first or only point of disinfectant application. The
supplier must sample for fecal or total coliforms at the minimum frequency
specified in Table B of this Part each week the supplier serves water to the public.
Also, one fecal or total coliform density measurement must be made every day the
supplier serves water to the public and the turbidity of the source water exceeds 1
NTU (these samples count towards the weekly coliform sampling requirement)
unless the Agency determines that the supplier, for logistical reasons outside the
supplier’s control cannot have the sample analyzed within 30 hours of collection.
b) Turbidity measurements as required by Section 611.231(b) must be performed on
representative grab samples of source water immediately prior to the first or only
point of disinfectant application every four hours (or more frequently) that the
supplier serves water to the public. A supplier may substitute continuous
turbidity monitoring for grab sample monitoring if it validates the continuous
measurement for accuracy on a regular basis using a protocol approved by a SEP
issued pursuant to Section 611.110.
c) The total inactivation ratio for each day that the supplier is in operation must be
determined based on the CT99.9 values in Appendix B of this Part, as appropriate.
The parameters necessary to determine the total inactivation ratio must be
monitored as follows:
1) The temperature of the disinfected water must be measured at least once
per day at each RDC sampling point.
2) If the supplier uses chlorine, the pH of the disinfected water must be
measured at least once per day at each chlorine RDC sampling point.
3) The disinfectant contact times (“T”) must be determined for each day
during peak hourly flow.
4) The RDCs (“C”) of the water before or at the first customer must be
measured each day during peak hourly flow.
5) If a supplier uses a disinfectant other than chlorine, the supplier may
monitor by other methods approved pursuant to Section 611.241(a)(1) and
(a)(2).
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d)
The total inactivation ratio must be calculated as follows:
1)
If the supplier uses only one point of disinfectant application, the supplier
may determine the total inactivation ratio based on either of the following
two methods:
A)
One inactivation ratio (Ai = CTcalc/CT99.9) is determined before or
at the first customer during peak hourly flow and, if the Ai is
greater than 1.0, the 99.9 percent Giardia lamblia inactivation
requirement has been achieved; or
B)
Successive Ai values, representing sequential inactivation ratios,
are determined between the point of disinfectant application and a
point before or at the first customer during peak hourly flow.
Under this alternative, the following method must be used to
calculate the total inactivation ratio:
i)
Determine the following, for each sequence:
Ai = CTcalc/CT99.9
ii)
Add the Ai values together, as follows:
B =
∑
(Ai)
iii)
If B is greater than 1.0, the 99.9 percent Giardia lamblia
inactivation requirement has been achieved.
2)
If the supplier uses more than one point of disinfectant application before
or at the first customer, the supplier must determine the CT value of each
disinfection sequence immediately prior to the next point of disinfectant
application during peak hourly flow. The Ai value of each sequence and
B must be calculated using the method in subsection (d)(1)(B) of this
Section to determine if the supplier is in compliance with Section 611.241.
3)
Although not required, the total percent inactivation (PI) for a supplier
with one or more points of RDC monitoring may be calculated as follows:
3B
10
100
100
PI
−
=
e)
The RDC of the water entering the distribution system must be monitored
continuously, and the lowest value must be recorded each day, except that if there
is a failure in the continuous monitoring equipment, grab sampling every four
hours may be conducted in lieu of continuous monitoring, but for no more than
five working days following the failure of the equipment, and suppliers serving
82
3,300 or fewer persons may take grab samples in lieu of providing continuous
monitoring on an ongoing basis at the frequencies prescribed in Table C of this
Part. If at any time the RDC falls below 0.2 mg/
ℓ
in a system using grab
sampling in lieu of continuous monitoring, the supplier must take a grab sample
every four hours until the RDC is equal to or greater than 0.2 mg/
ℓ
.
f) Points of measurement.
1) The RDC must be measured at least at the same points in the distribution
system and at the same time as total coliforms are sampled, as specified in
Subpart L of this Section, except that the Agency must allow a supplier
that uses both a surface water source or a groundwater source under direct
influence of surface water, and a groundwater source to take disinfectant
residual samples at points other than the total coliform sampling points if
the Agency determines, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, that
such points are more representative of treated (disinfected) water quality
within the distribution system. HPC may be measured in lieu of RDC.
2) If the Agency determines, pursuant to Section 611.213, that a supplier has
no means for having a sample analyzed for HPC, measured as specified in
subsection (a) of this Section, the requirements of subsection (f)(1) of this
Section do not apply to that supplier.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.74(b) (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 29 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.533 Filtered PWSs
A supplier that uses a surface water source or a groundwater source under the influence of
surface water and provides filtration treatment must monitor in accordance with this Section.
a) Turbidity measurements as required by Section 611.250 must be performed on
representative samples of the PWS’s filtered water every four hours (or more
frequently) that the supplier serves water to the public. A supplier may substitute
continuous turbidity monitoring for grab sample monitoring if it validates the
continuous measurement for accuracy on a regular basis using a protocol
approved by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110. For any suppliers using
slow sand filtration or filtration treatment other than conventional treatment,
direct filtration, or diatomaceous earth filtration, the Agency shall, by special
exception permit condition, reduce the sampling frequency to once per day if it
determines that less frequent monitoring is sufficient to indicate effective
filtration performance. For suppliers serving 500 or fewer persons, the Agency
shall, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, reduce the turbidity sampling
frequency to once per day, regardless of the type of filtration treatment used, if
the Agency determines that less frequent monitoring is sufficient to indicate
83
effective filtration performance.
b) RDC entering distribution system.
1) Suppliers serving more than 3300 persons. The RDC of the water entering
the distribution system must be monitored continuously, and the lowest
value must be recorded each day, except that, if there is a failure in the
continuous monitoring equipment, grab sampling every four hours may be
conducted in lieu of continuous monitoring, but for no more than five
working days following the failure of the equipment.
2) Suppliers serving 3,300 or fewer persons may take grab samples in lieu of
providing continuous monitoring on an ongoing basis at the frequencies
each day prescribed in Table C. If at any time the RDC falls below 0.2
mg/
ℓ
in a system using grab sampling in lieu of continuous monitoring,
the supplier must take a grab sample every four hours until RDC is equal
to or greater than 0.2 mg/
ℓ
.
c) Points of measurement.
1) The RDC must be measured at least at the same points in the distribution
system and at the same time as total coliforms are sampled, as specified in
Sections 611.521 et seq. through 611.527, except that the Agency must
allow a supplier that uses both a surface water source or a groundwater
source under direct influence of surface water, and a groundwater source,
to take RDC samples at points other than the total coliform sampling
points if the Agency determines that such points are more representative
of treated (disinfected) water quality within the distribution system. HPC,
measured as specified in Section 611.531(a), may be measured in lieu of
RDC.
2) Subsection (c)(1) of this Section does not apply if the Agency determines,
pursuant to Section 611.213(c), that a system has no means for having a
sample analyzed for HPC by a certified laboratory under the requisite time
and temperature conditions specified by Section 611.531(a) and that the
supplier is providing adequate disinfection in the distribution system.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.74(c) (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 29 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
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SUBPART Q: RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section 611.720 Analytical Methods
a) The methods specified below, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102, are
to be used to determine compliance with Section 611.330, except in cases where
alternative methods have been approved in accordance with Section 611.480.
1) Gross Alpha and Beta.
A) Standard Methods.
i) Method 302, 13th ed.; or
ii) Method 7110 B, 17th, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.;
B) USEPA Interim Radiochemical Methods: page 1;
C) USEPA Radioactivity Methods: Method 900.0;
D) USEPA Radiochemical Analyses: page 1;
E) USEPA Radiochemistry Methods: Method 00-01; or
F) USGS Methods: Method R-1120-76.
2) Gross Alpha.
A) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 7110 C; or
B) USEPA Radiochemistry Methods: Method 00-02.
3) Radium-226.
A) ASTM Methods.
i) Method D2460-90; or
ii) Method D3454-97;
B) New York Radium Method;
C) Standard Methods.
i) Method 304, 13th ed.;
85
ii) Method 305, 13th ed.;
iii) Method 7500-Ra B, 17th, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.; or
iv) Method 7500-Ra C, 17th, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.;
D) USDOE Methods: Method Ra-04;
E) USEPA Interim Radiochemical Methods: pages 13 and 16;
F) USEPA Radioactivity Methods: Methods 903.0, 903.1;
G) USEPA Radiochemical Analyses: page 19;
H) USEPA Radiochemistry Methods: Methods Ra-03, Ra-04; or
I) USGS Methods.
i) Method R-1140-76; or
ii) Method R-1141-76.
4) Radium-228.
A) Standard Methods, 17th, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 7500-Ra
D;
B) New York Radium Method;
C) USEPA Interim Radiochemical Methods: page 24;
D) USEPA Radioactivity Methods: Method 904.0;
E) USEPA Radiochemical Analyses: page 19;
F) USEPA Radiochemistry Methods: Method Ra-05;
G) USGS Methods: Method R-1142-76; or
H) New Jersey Radium Method.
5) Uranium.
A) Standard Methods, 17th, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 7500-U
C;
86
B) Standard Methods, 20th ed.: Method 3125;
BC) ASTM Methods.
i) Method D2907-97;
ii) Method D3972-97; or
iii) Method D5174-97; or
iv) Method D5673-03;
CD) USEPA Radioactivity Methods: Methods 908.0, 908.1;
E) USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8;
DF) USEPA Radiochemical Analyses: page 33;
EG) USEPA Radiochemistry Methods: Method 00-07;
FH) USDOE Methods: Method U-02 or U-04; or
GI) USGS Methods.
i) Method R-1180-76;
ii) Method R-1181-76; or
iii) Method R-1182-76.
BOARD NOTE: If uranium (U) is determined by mass, a conversion
factor of 0.67 pCi/μg of uranium must be used. This conversion factor is
based on the 1:1 activity ratio of
234
U and
238
U that is characteristic of
naturally occurring uranium.
6) Radioactive Cesium.
A) ASTM Methods.
i) Method D2459-72; or
ii) Method D3649-91;
B) Standard Methods.
87
i) Method 7120, 19th or 20th ed.; or
ii) Method 7500-Cs B, 17th, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.;
C) USDOE Methods: Method 4.5.2.3;
D) USEPA Interim Radiochemical Methods: page 4;
E) USEPA Radioactivity Methods: Methods 901.0, 901.1;
F) USEPA Radiochemical Analyses: page 92; or
G) USGS Methods.
i) Method R-1110-76; or
ii) Method R-1111-76.
7) Radioactive Iodine.
A) ASTM Methods.
i) D3649-91; or
ii) D4785-93;
B) Standard Methods.
i) Method 7120, 19th or 20th ed.;
ii) Method 7500-I B, 17th, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.;
iii) Method 7500-I C, 17th, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.; or
iv) Method 7500-I D, 17th, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.;
C) USDOE Methods: Method 4.5.2.3;
D) USEPA Interim Radiochemical Methods: pages 6, 9;
E) USEPA Radiochemical Analyses: page 92; or
F) USEPA Radioactivity Methods: Methods 901.1, 902.0.
8) Radioactive Strontium-89 & 90.
88
A) Standard Methods.
i) Method 303, 13th ed.; or
ii) Method 7500-Sr B, 17th, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.;
B) USDOE Methods.
i) Method Sr-01; or
ii) Method Sr-02;
C) USEPA Interim Radiochemical Methods: page 29;
D) USEPA Radioactivity Methods: Method 905.0;
E) USEPA Radiochemical Analyses: page 65;
F) USEPA Radiochemistry Methods: Method Sr-04; or
G) USGS Methods: Method R-1160-76.
9) Tritium.
A) ASTM Methods: Method D4107-91;
B) Standard Methods.
i) Method 306, 13th ed.; or
ii) Method 7500-3H B, 17th, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.;
C) USEPA Interim Radiochemical Methods: page 34;
D) USEPA Radioactivity Methods: Method 906.0;
E) USEPA Radiochemical Analyses: page 87;
F) USEPA Radiochemistry Methods: Method H-02; or
G) USGS Methods: Method R-1171-76.
10) Gamma Emitters.
A) ASTM Methods.
89
i) Method D3649-91; or
ii) Method D4785-93;
B) Standard Methods.
i) Method 7120, 19th or 20th ed.;
ii) Method 7500-Cs B, 17th, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.; or
iii) Method 7500-I B, 17th, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.;
C) USDOE Method: Method Ga-01-R;
D) USEPA Radioactivity Methods: Methods 901.0, 901.1, or 902.0;
E) USEPA Radiochemical Analyses: page 92; or
F) USGS Methods: Method R-1110-76.
b) When the identification and measurement of radionuclides other than those listed
in subsection (a) of this Section are required, the following methods, incorporated
by reference in Section 611.102, are to be used, except in cases where alternative
methods have been approved in accordance with Section 611.480:
1) “Procedures for Radiochemical Analysis of Nuclear Reactor Aqueous
Solutions,” available from NTIS.
2) HASL Procedure Manual, HASL 300, available from ERDA Health and
Safety Laboratory.
c) For the purpose of monitoring radioactivity concentrations in drinking water, the
required sensitivity of the radioanalysis is defined in terms of a detection limit.
The detection limit must be that concentration which can be counted with a
precision of plus or minus 100 percent at the 95 percent confidence level (1.96
σ
,
where
σ
is the standard deviation of the net counting rate of the sample).
1) To determine compliance with Section 611.330(b), (c), and (e), the
detection limit must not exceed the concentrations set forth in the
following table:
Contaminant Detection Limit
Gross alpha particle
activity
3 pCi/
ℓ
Radium-226 1 pCi/
ℓ
Radium-228 1 pCi/
ℓ
90
Uranium
None1 μg/
ℓ
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.25(c) Table B (2002) (2003).
2) To determine compliance with Section 611.330(d), the detection limits
must not exceed the concentrations listed in the following table:
Radionuclide Detection Limit
Tritium 1,000
pCi/
ℓ
Strontium-89 10 pCi/
ℓ
Strontium-90 2 pCi/
ℓ
Iodine-131 1 pCi/
ℓ
Cesium-134 10 pCi/
ℓ
Gross beta
4 pCi/
ℓ
Other radionuclides
1/10 of applicable limit
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.25(c) Table C (2002) (2003).
d) To judge compliance with the MCLs listed in Section 611.330, averages of data
must be used and must be rounded to the same number of significant figures as
the MCL for the substance in question.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.25 (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 29 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.732 Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity
Monitoring and compliance requirements for manmade radioactivity. To determine compliance
with the maximum contaminant levels in Section 611.330(d) for beta particle and photon
radioactivity, a supplier must monitor at a frequency as follows:
a) Effective December 8, 2003, a CWS supplier (either a surface water or
groundwater supplier) designated by the Agency, by a SEP issued pursuant to
Section 611.110, as vulnerable must sample for beta particle and photon
radioactivity. A supplier must collect quarterly samples for beta emitters and
annual samples for tritium and strontium-90 at each entry point to the distribution
system (hereafter called a sampling point), beginning within one quarter after
being notified by the Agency. A supplier already designated by the Agency must
continue to sample until the Agency reviews and either reaffirms or removes the
designation, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110.
1) If the gross beta particle activity minus the naturally occurring potassium-
40 beta particle activity at a sampling point has a running annual average
(computed quarterly) less than or equal to 50 pCi/
ℓ
(screening level), the
Agency may reduce the frequency of monitoring at that sampling point to
91
once every three years. A supplier must collect all samples required in
subsection (a) of this Section during the reduced monitoring period.
2) For a supplier in the vicinity of a nuclear facility, the Agency may allow
the CWS supplier to utilize environmental surveillance data collected by
the nuclear facility in lieu of monitoring at the supplier’s entry points,
where the Agency determines if such data is applicable to a particular
water system, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110. In the event
that there is a release from a nuclear facility, a supplier that is using
surveillance data must begin monitoring at the community water
supplier’s entry points in accordance with subsection (b)(1) of this
Section.
b) Effective December 8, 2003, a CWS supplier (either a surface water or
groundwater supplier) designated by the Agency, by a SEP issued pursuant to
Section 611.110, as utilizing waters contaminated by effluents from nuclear
facilities must sample for beta particle and photon radioactivity. A supplier must
collect quarterly samples for beta emitters and iodine-131 and annual samples for
tritium and strontium-90 at each entry point to the distribution system (hereafter
called a sampling point), beginning within one quarter after being notified by the
Agency. A supplier already designated by the Agency as a supplier using waters
contaminated by effluents from nuclear facilities must continue to sample until
the Agency reviews and either reaffirms or removes the designation, by a SEP
issued pursuant to Section 611.110.
1) Quarterly monitoring for gross beta particle activity must be based on the
analysis of monthly samples or the analysis of a composite of three
monthly samples.
BOARD NOTE: In corresponding 40 CFR 141.26(b)(2)(i), USEPA
recommends the use of a composite of three monthly samples.
2) For iodine-131, a composite of five consecutive daily samples must be
analyzed once each quarter. The Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant
to Section 611.110, order more frequent monitoring for iodine-131 where
it is identified in the finished water.
3) Annual monitoring for strontium-90 and tritium must be conducted by
means of the analysis of a composite of four consecutive quarterly
samples or analysis of four quarterly samples.
BOARD NOTE: In corresponding 40 CFR 141.26(b)(2)(iii), USEPA
recommends the analysis of four consecutive quarterly samples.
4) If the gross beta particle activity minus the naturally occurring potassium-
40 beta particle activity at a sampling point has a running annual average
92
(computed quarterly) less than or equal to 15 pCi/
ℓ
, the Agency may, by a
SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, reduce the frequency of
monitoring at that sampling point to once every three years. The supplier
must collect all the same type of samples required in subsection (b) of this
Section during the reduced monitoring period.
5) For a supplier in the vicinity of a nuclear facility, the Agency may allow
the CWS to utilize environmental surveillance data collected by the
nuclear facility in lieu of monitoring at the system’s entry points, where
the Agency determines, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, that
such data is applicable to the particular water system. In the event that
there is a release from a nuclear facility, a supplier that uses such
surveillance data must begin monitoring at the CWS’s entry points in
accordance with subsection (b) of this Section.
c) Effective December 8, 2003, a CWS supplier designated by the Agency to
monitor for beta particle and photon radioactivity can not apply to the Agency for
a waiver from the monitoring frequencies specified in subsection (a) or (b) of this
Section.
d) Effective December 8, 2003, a CWS supplier may analyze for naturally occurring
potassium-40 beta particle activity from the same or equivalent sample used for
the gross beta particle activity analysis. A supplier is allowed to subtract the
potassium-40 beta particle activity value from the total gross beta particle activity
value to determine if the screening level is exceeded. The potassium-40 beta
particle activity must be calculated by multiplying elemental potassium
concentrations (in mg/
ℓ
) by a factor of 0.82.
e) Effective December 8, 2003, if the gross beta particle activity minus the naturally
occurring potassium-40 beta particle activity exceeds the appropriate screening
level, an analysis of the sample must be performed to identify the major
radioactive constituents present in the sample and the appropriate doses must be
calculated and summed to determine compliance with Section 611.330(d)(1),
using the formula in Section 611.330(d)(2). Doses must also be calculated and
combined for measured levels of tritium and strontium to determine compliance.
f) Effective December 8, 2003, a supplier must monitor monthly at the sampling
points that exceeds the maximum contaminant level in Section 611.330(d)
beginning the month after the exceedence occurs. A supplier must continue
monthly monitoring until the supplier has established, by a rolling average of
three monthly samples, that the MCL is being met. A supplier that establishes
that the MCL is being met must return to quarterly monitoring until it meets the
requirements set forth in subsection (a)(2) (a)(1) or (b)(1) (b)(4) of this Section.
g) Until December 8, 2003, CWSs using surface water sources and serving more
than 100,000 persons and such other CWSs as the Agency, by a SEP issued
93
pursuant to Section 611.110, requires must monitor for compliance with Section
611.331 by analysis of a composite of four consecutive quarterly samples or
analysis of four quarterly samples. Compliance with Section 611.331 is assumed
without further analysis if the average annual concentration of gross beta particle
activity is less than 50 pCi/
ℓ
and if the average annual concentrations of tritium
and strontium-90 are less than those listed in Section 611.331, provided that if
both radionuclides are present the sum of their annual dose equivalents to bone
marrow must not exceed 4 millirem/year.
1) If the gross beta particle activity exceeds 50 pCi/
ℓ
, an analysis of the
sample must be performed to identify the major radioactive constituents
present and the appropriate organ and total body doses must be calculated
to determine compliance with Section 611.331.
2) If the MCLs are exceeded, the Agency shall, by a SEP issued pursuant to
Section 611.110, require the supplier to conduct additional monitoring to
determine the concentration of man-made radioactivity in principal
watersheds.
3) The Agency shall, pursuant to subsection (j) of this Section, by a SEP
issued pursuant to Section 611.110, require suppliers of water utilizing
only groundwater to monitor for man-made radioactivity.
h) Until December 8, 2003, CWS suppliers must monitor at least every four years
following the procedure in subsection (g) of this Section.
i) Until December 8, 2003, the Agency must, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section
611.110, require any CWS supplier utilizing waters contaminated by effluents
from nuclear facilities to initiate quarterly monitoring for gross beta particle and
iodine-131 radioactivity and annual monitoring for strontium-90 and tritium.
1) Quarterly monitoring for gross beta particle activity must be based on the
analysis of monthly samples or the analysis of a composite of three
monthly samples. If the gross beta particle activity in a sample exceeds 15
pCi/
ℓ
, the same or an equivalent sample must be analyzed for strontium-
89 and cesium-134. If the gross beta particle activity exceeds 50 pCi/
ℓ
, an
analysis of the sample must be performed to identify the major radioactive
constituents present and the appropriate organ and total body doses must
be calculated to determine compliance with Section 611.331.
2) For iodine-131, a composite of five consecutive daily samples must be
analyzed once each quarter. The Agency shall, by a SEP issued pursuant
to Section 611.110, require more frequent monitoring when iodine-131 is
identified in the finished water.
3) The Agency shall, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, require
94
annual monitoring for strontium-90 and tritium by means of the analysis
of a composite of four consecutive quarterly samples or analysis of four
quarterly samples.
4) The Agency shall, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, allow the
substitution of environmental surveillance data taken in conjunction with a
nuclear facility for direct monitoring of manmade radioactivity by the
supplier where the Agency determines such data is applicable to the CWS.
j) Until December 8, 2003, if the average annual MCL for man-made radioactivity
set forth in Section 611.331 is exceeded, the CWS supplier must give notice to the
Agency and to the public as required by Subpart T. Monitoring at monthly
intervals must be continued until the concentration no longer exceeds the MCL or
until a monitoring schedule as a condition to a variance, adjusted standard, or
enforcement action becomes effective.
BOARD NOTE: Subsections (a) through (f) derive from 40 CFR 141.26(b) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 29 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
SUBPART X: ENHANCED FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION--SYSTEMS
SERVING FEWER THAN 10,000 PEOPLE
Section 611.953 Disinfection Profile
a) Applicability. A disinfection profile is a graphical representation of a system’s
level of Giardia lamblia or virus inactivation measured during the course of a
year. A Subpart B community or non-transient non-community water system that
serves fewer than 10,000 persons must develop a disinfection profile unless the
Agency, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, determines that a profile is
unnecessary. The Agency may approve the use of a more representative data set
for disinfection profiling than the data set required under subsections (c) through
(g) of this Section.
b) Determination that a disinfection profile is not necessary. The Agency may only
determine that a disinfection profile is not necessary if the system’s TTHM and
HAA5 levels are below 0.064 mg/
ℓ
and 0.048 mg/
ℓ
, respectively. To determine
these levels, TTHM and HAA5 samples must have been collected after January 1,
1998, during the month with the warmest water temperature, and at the point of
maximum residence time in the distribution system. The Agency may, by a SEP
issued pursuant to Section 611.110, approve the use of a different data set to
determine these levels if it determines that the data set is representative TTHM
and HAA5 data.
c) Development of a disinfection profile. A disinfection profile consists of the
following three steps:
95
1) First, the supplier must collect data for several parameters from the plant,
as discussed in subsection (d) of this Section, over the course of 12
months. If the supplier serves between 500 and 9,999 persons it must
have begun to collect data no later than July 1, 2003. If the supplier
serves fewer than 500 persons, it must begin to collect data no later than
January 1, 2004.
2) Second, the supplier must use this data to calculate weekly log
inactivation as discussed in subsections (e) and (f) of this Section; and
3) Third, the supplier must use these weekly log inactivations to develop a
disinfection profile as specified in subsection (g) of this Section.
d) Data required for a disinfection profile. A supplier must monitor the following
parameters to determine the total log inactivation using the analytical methods in
Section 611.231, once per week on the same calendar day, over 12 consecutive
months:
1) The temperature of the disinfected water at each residual disinfectant
concentration sampling point during peak hourly flow;
2) If a supplier uses chlorine, the pH of the disinfected water at each residual
disinfectant concentration sampling point during peak hourly flow;
3) The disinfectant contact times (“T”) during peak hourly flow; and
4) The residual disinfectant concentrations (“C”) of the water before or at the
first customer and prior to each additional point of disinfection during
peak hourly flow.
e) Calculations based on the data collected. The tables in Appendix B of this Part
must be used to determine the appropriate CT99.9 value. The supplier must
calculate the total inactivation ratio as follows, and multiply the value by 3.0 to
determine log inactivation of Giardia lamblia:
1) If the supplier uses only one point of disinfectant application, it must
determine either of the following:
A) One inactivation ratio (CTcalc/CT99.9) before or at the first customer
during peak hourly flow; or
B) Successive CTcalc/CT99.9 values, representing sequential
inactivation ratios, between the point of disinfectant application
and a point before or at the first customer during peak hourly flow.
Under this alternative, the supplier must calculate the total
96
inactivation ratio by determining CTcalc/CT99.9 for each sequence
and then adding the CTcalc/CT99.9 values together to determine
∑
CTcalc/CT99.9.
2) If the supplier uses more than one point of disinfectant application before
the first customer, it must determine the CTcalc/CT99.9 value of each
disinfection segment immediately prior to the next point of disinfectant
application, or for the final segment, before or at the first customer, during
peak hourly flow using the procedure specified in subsection (e)(1)(B) of
this Section.
f) Use of chloramines, ozone, or chlorine dioxide as a primary disinfectant. If a
supplier uses chloramines, ozone, or chlorine dioxide for primary disinfection, the
supplier must also calculate the logs of inactivation for viruses and develop an
additional disinfection profile for viruses using methods approved by the Agency.
g) Development and maintenance of the disinfection profile in graphic form. Each
log inactivation serves as a data point in the supplier’s disinfection profile. A
supplier will have obtained 52 measurements (one for every week of the year).
This will allow the supplier and the Agency the opportunity to evaluate how
microbial inactivation varied over the course of the year by looking at all 52
measurements (the supplier’s disinfection profile). The supplier must retain the
disinfection profile data in graphic form, such as a spreadsheet, which must be
available for review by the Agency as part of a sanitary survey. The supplier
must use this data to calculate a benchmark if the supplier is considering changes
to disinfection practices.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.530 through 141.536 (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 29 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.956 Individual Filter Turbidity Requirements
a) Applicability. A Subpart B system supplier that serves fewer than 10,000 persons
and utilizing conventional filtration or direct filtration must conduct continuous
monitoring of turbidity for each individual filter in a supplier’s system. The
following requirements apply to continuous turbidity monitoring:
1) Monitoring must be conducted using an approved method in Section
611.231;
2) Calibration of turbidimeters must be conducted using procedures specified
by the manufacturer;
3) Results of turbidity monitoring must be recorded at least every 15
minutes;
97
4) Monthly reporting must be completed according to Section 611.957(a);
and
5) Records must be maintained according to Section 611.957(b).
b) Failure of turbidity monitoring equipment. If there is a failure in the continuous
turbidity monitoring equipment, the supplier must conduct grab sampling every
four hours in lieu of continuous monitoring until the turbidimeter is back on-line.
The supplier has 14 days to resume continuous monitoring before a violation is
incurred.
c) Special requirements for systems with two or fewer filters. If a supplier’s system
only consists of two or fewer filters, the supplier may conduct continuous
monitoring of combined filter effluent turbidity in lieu of individual filter effluent
turbidity monitoring. Continuous monitoring must meet the same requirements
set forth in subsections (a)(1) through (a)(4) and (b) of this Section.
d) Follow-up action. Follow-up action is required according to the following
requirements:
1) If the turbidity of an individual filter (or the turbidity of combined filter
effluent (CFE) for a system with two filters that monitor CFE in lieu of
individual filters) exceeds 1.0 NTU in two consecutive recordings 15
minutes apart, the supplier must report to the Agency by the 10th of the
following month and include the filter numbers, corresponding dates,
turbidity values that exceeded 1.0 NTU, and the cause (if known) for the
exceedences.
2) If a supplier was required to report to the Agency for three months in a
row and turbidity exceeded 1.0 NTU in two consecutive recordings 15
minutes apart at the same filter (or CFE for systems with two filters that
monitor CFE in lieu of individual filters), the supplier must conduct a self-
assessment of the filters within 14 days of the day on which the filter
exceeded 1.0 NTU in two consecutive measurements for the third straight
month, unless a CPE, as specified in subsection (d)(3) of this Section, was
required. A supplier that has a system with two filters that monitor CFE in
lieu of individual filters must conduct a self assessment on both filters.
The self-assessment must consist of at least the following components:
assessment of filter performance, development of a filter profile,
identification and prioritization of factors limiting filter performance,
assessment of the applicability of corrections, and preparation of a filter
self-assessment report. If a self-assessment is required, the date that it was
triggered and the date that it was completed.
3) If a supplier was required to report to the Agency for two months in a row
98
and turbidity exceeded 2.0 NTU in two consecutive recordings 15 minutes
apart at the same filter (or CFE for systems with two filters that monitor
CFE in lieu of individual filters), the supplier must arrange to have a
comprehensive performance evaluation (CPE) conducted by the Agency
or a third party approved by the Agency not later than 60 days following
the day the filter exceeded 2.0 NTU in two consecutive measurements for
the second straight month. If a CPE has been completed by the Agency or
a third party approved by the Agency within the 12 prior months or the
system and Agency are jointly participating in an ongoing comprehensive
technical assistance (CTA) project at the system, a new CPE is not
required. If conducted, a CPE must be completed and submitted to the
Agency no later than 120 days following the day the filter exceeded 2.0
NTU in two consecutive measurements for the second straight month.
e) Special individual filter monitoring for a lime-softening system. If a supplier’s
system utilizes lime softening, the supplier may apply to the Agency for
alternative turbidity exceedence levels for the levels specified in subsection (d) of
this Section. The supplier must be able to demonstrate to the Agency that higher
turbidity levels are due to lime carryover only, and not due to degraded filter
performance.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.560 through 141.564 (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 29 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.Appendix G NPDWR Violations and Situations Requiring Public Notice
See note 1 at the end of this Appendix G for an explanation of the Agency’s authority to alter the
magnitude of a violation from that set forth in the following table.
MCL/MRDL/TT
violations
2
Monitoring & testing
procedure violations
Contaminant Tier
of
public
notice
required
Citation Tier of
public
notice
required
Citation
I. Violations of National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR):
3
A. Microbiological Contaminants
1. Total coliform
2
611.325(a)
3
611.521-
611.525
2. Fecal coliform/E. coli
1
611.325(b)
4
1, 3
611.525
3. Turbidity MCL
2
611.320(a)
3
611.560
99
4. Turbidity MCL (average of
two days’ samples greater than 5
NTU)
5
2, 1
611.320(b)
3
611.560
5. Turbidity (for TT violations
resulting from a single
exceedence of maximum
allowable turbidity level)
6
2, 1
611.231(b),
611.233(b)(1),
611.250(a)(2),
611.250(b)(2),
611.250(c)(2),
611.250(d),
611.743(a)(2),
611.743(b),
611.955(b)(2)
3 611.531(a),
611.532(b),
611.533(a),
611.744,
611.956(a)(1)-
(a)(3),
611.956(b)
6. Surface Water Treatment
Rule violations, other than
violations resulting from single
exceedence of max. allowable
turbidity level (TT)
2 611.211,
611.213,
611.220,
611.230-
611.233,
611.240-
611.242,
611.250
3 611.531-
611.533
7. Interim Enhanced Surface
Water Treatment Rule
violations, other than violations
resulting from single
exceedence of max. turbidity
level (TT)
2
7
611.740-
611.743,
611.950-
611.955
3 611.742,
611.744,
611.953,
611.954,
611.956
8. Filter Backwash Recycling
Rule violations
2 611.276(c)
3 611.276(b), (d)
9. Long Term 1 Enhanced
Surface Water Treatment Rule
violations
2 611.950-
611.955
3 611.953,
611.954,
611.956
B. Inorganic Chemicals (IOCs)
1. Antimony
2 611.301(b)
3 611.600,
611.601,
611.603
2. Arsenic
2
10
611.301(b)
3
9
611.601,
611.612(a),
611.612(b)
3. Asbestos (fibers greater than
10 μm)
2 611.301(b)
3 611.600,
611.601,
611.602
4. Barium
2 611.301(b)
3 611.600,
611.601,
611.603
100
5. Beryllium
2 611.301(b)
3 611.600,
611.601,
611.603
6. Cadmium
2 611.301(b)
3 611.600,
611.601,
611.603
7. Chromium (total)
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.603
8. Cyanide
2 611.301(b)
3 611.600,
611.601,
611.603
9. Fluoride
2 611.301(b)
3 611.600,
611.601,
611.603
10. Mercury (inorganic)
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.603
11. Nitrate
1
611.301(b)
10
1, 3
611.600,
611.601,
611.604,
611.606
12. Nitrite
1
611.301(b)
10
1, 3
611.600,
611.601,
611.605,
611.606
13. Total Nitrate and Nitrite
1
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601
14. Selenium
2 611.301(b)
3 611.600,
611.601,
611.603
15. Thallium
2 611.301(b)
3 611.600,
611.601,
611.603
C. Lead and Copper Rule (Action Level for lead is 0.015 mg/
ℓ
, for copper is 1.3 mg/
ℓ
)
1. Lead and Copper Rule (TT)
2
611.350-
611.355
3 611.356-
611.359
D. Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs)
1. 2,4-D
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
2. 2,4,5-TP (silvex)
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
3. Alachlor
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
4. Atrazine
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
5. Benzo(a)pyrene (PAHs)
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
101
6. Carbofuran
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
7. Chlordane
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
8. Dalapon
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
9. Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
10. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
11. Dibromochloropropane
(DBCP)
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
12. Dinoseb
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
13. Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
14. Diquat
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
15. Endothall
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
16. Endrin
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
17. Ethylene dibromide
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
18. Glyphosate
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
19. Heptachlor
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
20. Heptachlor epoxide
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
21. Hexachlorobenzene
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
22. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
23. Lindane
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
24. Methoxychlor
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
25. Oxamyl (Vydate)
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
26. Pentachlorophenol 2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
27. Picloram
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
28. Polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs)
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
29. Simazine
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
30. Toxaphene
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
E. Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs)
1. Benzene
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
2. Carbon tetrachloride
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
3. Chlorobenzene
(monochlorobenzene)
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
4. o-Dichlorobenzene 2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
5. p-Dichlorobenzene 2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
6. 1,2-Dichloroethane 2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
7. 1,1-Dichloroethylene
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
8. cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
9. trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
10. Dichloromethane
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
11. 1,2-Dichloropropane
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
12. Ethylbenzene
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
13. Styrene
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
14. Tetrachloroethylene
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
102
15. Toluene
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
16. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
17. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
18. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
19. Trichloroethylene 2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
20. Vinyl chloride
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
21. Xylenes (total)
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
F. Radioactive Contaminants
1. Beta/photon emitters
2
611.330(d)
3
611.720(a),
611.732
2. Alpha emitters
2
611.330(c)
3
611.720(a),
611.731
3. Combined radium (226 &
228)
2 611.330(b)
3 611.720(a),
611.731
4. Uranium
2 611.330(e)
3 611.720(a),
611.731
G. Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs), Byproduct Precursors, Disinfectant Residuals. Where
disinfection is used in the treatment of drinking water, disinfectants combine with organic and
inorganic matter present in water to form chemicals called disinfection byproducts (DBPs).
USEPA sets standards for controlling the levels of disinfectants and DBPs in drinking water,
including trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs).
13
1. Total trihalomethanes
(TTHMs)
2 611.312(a)
3 611.382(a)-(b)
2. Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)
2
611.312(a)
3
611.382(a)-(b)
3. Bromate
2 611.312(a)
3 611.382(a)-(b)
4. Chlorite
2 611.312(a)
3 611.382(a)-(b)
5. Chlorine (MRDL)
2
611.313(a)
3
611.382(a), (c)
6. Chloramine (MRDL)
2
611.313(a)
3
611.382(a), (c)
7. Chlorine dioxide (MRDL),
where any two consecutive daily
samples at entrance to
distribution system only are
above MRDL
2 611.313(a),
611.383(c)(3)
2
15
, 3
611.382(a), (c),
611.383(c)(2)
8. Chlorine dioxide (MRDL),
where samples in distribution
system the next day are also
above MRDL
16
1
611.313(a),
611.383(c)(3)
1 611.382(a), (c),
611.383(c)(2)
9. Control of DBP precursors--
TOC (TT)
2 611.385(a)-(b)
3 611.382(a), (d)
10. Benchmarking and
disinfection profiling
N/A N/A
3
611.742,
611.953,
611.954
103
11. Development of monitoring
plan
N/A N/A
3
611.382(f)
H. Other Treatment Techniques
1. Acrylamide (TT)
2
611.296
N/A
N/A
2. Epichlorohydrin (TT)
2
611.296
N/A
N/A
II. Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring:
17
A. Unregulated contaminants
N/A
N/A
3
611.510
B. Nickel
N/A
N/A
3
611.603,
611.611
III. Public Notification for Relief Equivalent to a SDWA section 1415 Variance or a section
1416 Exemption.
A. Operation under relief
equivalent to a SDWA section
1415 variance or a section 1416
exemption
3
18
1415, 1416
N/A
N/A
B. Violation of conditions of
relief equivalent to a SDWA
section 1415 variance or a
section 1416 exemption
2 1415, 1416,
19
611.111,
611.112
N/A N/A
IV. Other Situations Requiring Public Notification.
A. Fluoride secondary
maximum contaminant level
(SMCL) exceedence
3 611.858
N/A
N/A
B. Exceedence of nitrate MCL
for a non-CWS supplier, as
allowed by the Agency
1 611.300(d)
N/A
N/A
C. Availability of unregulated
contaminant monitoring data
3 611.510
N/A
N/A
D. Waterborne disease outbreak
1
611.101,
611.233(b)(2)
N/A N/A
E. Other waterborne
emergency
20
1 N/A
N/A
N/A
F. Other situations as
determined by the Agency by a
SEP issued pursuant to Section
611.110
1, 2, 3
N/A
N/A
N/A
Appendix G--Endnotes
1. Violations and other situations not listed in this table (e.g., reporting violations and failure to
prepare Consumer Confidence Reports) do not require notice, unless otherwise determined by
104
the Agency by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110. The Agency may, by a SEP issued
pursuant to Section 611.110, further require a more stringent public notice tier (e.g., Tier 1
instead of Tier 2 or Tier 2 instead of Tier 3) for specific violations and situations listed in this
Appendix, as authorized under Sections 611.902(a) and 611.903(a).
2. Definition of the abbreviations used: “MCL” means maximum contaminant level, “MRDL”
means maximum residual disinfectant level, and “TT” means treatment technique.
3. The term “violations of National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR)” is used
here to include violations of MCL, MRDL, treatment technique, monitoring, and testing
procedure requirements.
4. Failure to test for fecal coliform or E. coli is a Tier 1 violation if testing is not done after any
repeat sample tests positive for coliform. All other total coliform monitoring and testing
procedure violations are Tier 3 violations.
5. A supplier that violates the turbidity MCL of 5 NTU based on an average of measurements
over two consecutive days must consult with the Agency within 24 hours after learning of the
violation. Based on this consultation, the Agency may subsequently decide to issue a SEP
pursuant to Section 611.110 that elevates the violation to a Tier 1 violation. If a supplier is
unable to make contact with the Agency in the 24-hour period, the violation is automatically
elevated to a Tier 1 violation.
6. A supplier with a treatment technique violation involving a single exceedence of a maximum
turbidity limit under the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), the Interim Enhanced Surface
Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR), or the Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
are required to consult with the Agency within 24 hours after learning of the violation. Based on
this consultation, the Agency may subsequently decide to issue a SEP pursuant to Section
611.110 that elevates the violation to a Tier 1 violation. If a supplier is unable to make contact
with the Agency in the 24-hour period, the violation is automatically elevated to a Tier 1
violation.
7. The Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) remains in effect for a supplier serving at least
10,000 persons; the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule adds additional
requirements and does not in many cases supercede the SWTR.
8. The arsenic MCL citations are effective January 23, 2006. Until then, the citations are
Sections 611.330(b) and 611.612(c).
9. The arsenic Tier 3 violation MCL citations are effective January 23, 2006. Until then, the
citations are Sections 611.100, 611.101, and 611.612.
10. Failure to take a confirmation sample within 24 hours for nitrate or nitrite after an initial
sample exceeds the MCL is a Tier 1 violation. Other monitoring violations for nitrate are Tier 3.
11. This endnote 11 corresponds with the endnote to the table in Appendix A to Subpart Q of 40
105
CFR 141 (2003), which stated a past effective date. This statement maintains structural
consistency with the federal regulations.
12. This endnote 12 corresponds with the endnote to the table in Appendix A to Subpart Q of 40
CFR 141 (2003), which stated a past effective date. This statement maintains structural
consistency with the federal regulations.
13. A Subpart B community or non-transient non-community system supplier must comply with
new DBP MCLs, disinfectant MRDLs, and related monitoring requirements. A Subpart B
transient non-community system supplier serving 10,000 or more persons that uses chlorine
dioxide as a disinfectant or oxidant or a Subpart B transient non-community system supplier that
serves fewer than 10,000 persons, which uses only groundwater not under the direct influence of
surface water, and which uses chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant or oxidant must comply with the
chlorine dioxide MRDL.
14. This endnote 14 corresponds with the endnote to the table in Appendix A to Subpart Q of 40
CFR 141 (2003), which stated a past effective date. This statement maintains structural
consistency with the federal regulations.
15. Failure to monitor for chlorine dioxide at the entrance to the distribution system the day after
exceeding the MRDL at the entrance to the distribution system is a Tier 2 violation.
16. If any daily sample taken at the entrance to the distribution system exceeds the MRDL for
chlorine dioxide and one or more samples taken in the distribution system the next day exceed
the MRDL, Tier 1 notification is required. A failure to take the required samples in the
distribution system after the MRDL is exceeded at the entry point also triggers Tier 1
notification.
17. Some water suppliers must monitor for certain unregulated contaminants listed in Section
611.510.
18. This citation refers to sections 1415 and 1416 of the federal Safe Drinking Water Act.
sections 1415 and 1416 require that “a schedule prescribed . . . for a public water system granted
relief equivalent to a SDWA section 1415 variance or a section 1416 exemption must require
compliance by the system . . ..”
19. In addition to sections 1415 and 1416 of the federal Safe Drinking Water Act, 40 CFR
142.307 specifies the items and schedule milestones that must be included in relief equivalent to
a SDWA section 1415 small system variance. In granting any form of relief from an NPDWR,
the Board will consider all applicable federal requirements for and limitations on the State’s
ability to grant relief consistent with federal law.
20. Other waterborne emergencies require a Tier 1 public notice under Section 611.902(a) for
situations that do not meet the definition of a waterborne disease outbreak given in Section
611.101, but which still have the potential to have serious adverse effects on health as a result of
short-term exposure. These could include outbreaks not related to treatment deficiencies, as well
106
as situations that have the potential to cause outbreaks, such as failures or significant interruption
in water treatment processes, natural disasters that disrupt the water supply or distribution
system, chemical spills, or unexpected loading of possible pathogens into the source water.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from Appendix A to Subpart Q to 40 CFR 141 (2003).
(Source: Amended at 29 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.Appendix H Standard Health Effects Language for Public Notification
Contaminant MCLG
1
mg/
ℓ
MCL
2
mg/
ℓ
Standard health effects language
for public notification
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR):
A. Microbiological Contaminants
1a. Total coliform
Zero
See footnote
3
Coliforms are bacteria that are
naturally present in the
environment and are used as an
indicator that other, potentially-
harmful, bacteria may be present.
Coliforms were found in more
samples than allowed and this was
a warning of potential problems.
1b. Fecal coliform/E. coli
Zero
Zero
Fecal coliforms and E. coli are
bacteria whose presence indicates
that the water may be contaminated
with human or animal wastes.
Microbes in these wastes can cause
short-term effects, such as diarrhea,
cramps, nausea, headaches, or other
symptoms. They may pose a
special health risk for infants,
young children, some of the
elderly, and people with severely
compromised immune systems.
2a. Turbidity (MCL)
4
None 1 NTU
5
/
5 NTU
Turbidity has no health effects.
However, turbidity can interfere
with disinfection and provide a
medium for microbial growth.
Turbidity may indicate the
presence of disease-causing
organisms. These organisms
include bacteria, viruses, and
parasites that can cause symptoms
such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea,
and associated headaches.
107
2b. Turbidity (SWTR TT)
None
TT
7
Turbidity has no health effects.
However,
6
turbidity can interfere
with disinfection and provide a
medium for microbial growth.
Turbidity may indicate the
presence of disease-causing
organisms. These organisms
include bacteria, viruses, and
parasites that can cause symptoms
such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea,
and associated headaches.
2c. Turbidity (IESWTR TT
and LT1ESWTR TT)
None
TT
Turbidity has no health effects.
However,
8
turbidity can interfere
with disinfection and provide a
medium for microbial growth.
Turbidity may indicate the
presence of disease-causing
organisms. These organisms
include bacteria, viruses, and
parasites that can cause symptoms
such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea,
and associated headaches.
B. Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
(IESWTR), Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT1ESWTR), and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule (FBRR) violations:
3. Giardia lamblia
(SWTR/IESWTR/
LT1ESWTR)
Zero TT
10
Inadequately treated water may
contain disease-causing organisms.
These organisms include bacteria,
viruses, and parasites that can
cause symptoms such as nausea,
cramps, diarrhea, and associated
headaches.
4. Viruses
(SWTR/IESWTR/
LT1ESWTR)
Inadequately treated water may
contain disease-causing organisms.
These organisms include bacteria,
viruses, and parasites that can
cause symptoms such as nausea,
cramps, diarrhea, and associated
headaches.
108
5. Heterotrophic plate count
(HPC) bacteria
9
(SWTR/IESWTR/
LT1ESWTR)
Inadequately treated water may
contain disease-causing organisms.
These organisms include bacteria,
viruses, and parasites that can
cause symptoms such as nausea,
cramps, diarrhea, and associated
headaches.
6. Legionella
(SWTR/IESWTR/
LT1ESWTR)
Inadequately treated water may
contain disease-causing organisms.
These organisms include bacteria,
viruses, and parasites that can
cause symptoms such as nausea,
cramps, diarrhea, and associated
headaches.
7. Cryptosporidium
(IESWTR/FBRR/
LT1ESWTR)
Inadequately treated water may
contain disease-causing organisms.
These organisms include bacteria,
viruses, and parasites that can
cause symptoms such as nausea,
cramps, diarrhea, and associated
headaches.
C. Inorganic Chemicals (IOCs)
8. Antimony
0.006
0.006
Some people who drink water
containing antimony well in excess
of the MCL over many years could
experience increases in blood
cholesterol and decreases in blood
sugar.
9. Arsenic
11
0
0.010
Some people who drink water
containing arsenic in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience skin damage or
problems with their circulatory
system, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
10. Asbestos (10 μm)
7 MFL
12
7 MFL
Some people who drink water
containing asbestos in excess of the
MCL over many years may have an
increased risk of developing benign
intestinal polyps.
11. Barium
2
2
Some people who drink water
containing barium in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience an increase in their
blood pressure.
109
12. Beryllium
0.004
0.004
Some people who drink water
containing beryllium well in excess
of the MCL over many years could
develop intestinal lesions.
13. Cadmium
0.005
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing cadmium in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience kidney damage.
14. Chromium (total)
0.1
0.1
Some people who use water
containing chromium well in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience allergic
dermatitis.
15. Cyanide
0.2
0.2
Some people who drink water
containing cyanide well in excess
of the MCL over many years could
experience nerve damage or
problems with their thyroid.
16. Fluoride
4.0
4.0
Some people who drink water
containing fluoride in excess of the
MCL over many years could get
bone disease, including pain and
tenderness of the bones. Fluoride in
drinking water at half the MCL or
more may cause mottling of
children’s teeth, usually in children
less than nine years old. Mottling,
also known as dental fluorosis, may
include brown staining or pitting of
the teeth, and occurs only in
developing teeth before they erupt
from the gums.
17. Mercury (inorganic)
0.002
0.002
Some people who drink water
containing inorganic mercury well
in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience kidney
damage.
18. Nitrate
10
10
Infants below the age of six months
who drink water containing nitrate
in excess of the MCL could
become seriously ill and, if
untreated, may die. Symptoms
include shortness of breath and
blue baby syndrome.
110
19. Nitrite
1
1
Infants below the age of six months
who drink water containing nitrite
in excess of the MCL could
become seriously ill and, if
untreated, may die. Symptoms
include shortness of breath and
blue baby syndrome.
20. Total Nitrate and Nitrite
10
10
Infants below the age of six months
who drink water containing nitrate
and nitrite in excess of the MCL
could become seriously ill and, if
untreated, may die. Symptoms
include shortness of breath and
blue baby syndrome.
21. Selenium
0.05
0.05
Selenium is an essential nutrient.
However, some people who drink
water containing selenium in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience hair or
fingernail losses, numbness in
fingers or toes, or problems with
their circulation.
22. Thallium
0.0005
0.002
Some people who drink water
containing thallium in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience hair loss, changes in
their blood, or problems with their
kidneys, intestines, or liver.
D. Lead and Copper Rule
23. Lead
Zero
TT
13
Infants and children who drink
water containing lead in excess of
the action level could experience
delays in their physical or mental
development. Children could show
slight deficits in attention span and
learning abilities. Adults who drink
this water over many years could
develop kidney problems or high
blood pressure.
111
24. Copper
1.3
TT
14
Copper is an essential nutrient, but
some people who drink water
containing copper in excess of the
action level over a relatively short
amount of time could experience
gastrointestinal distress. Some
people who drink water containing
copper in excess of the action level
over many years could suffer liver
or kidney damage. People with
Wilson’s Disease should consult
their personal doctor.
E. Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs)
25. 2,4-D
0.07
0.07
Some people who drink water
containing the weed killer 2,4-D
well in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience
problems with their kidneys, liver,
or adrenal glands.
26. 2,4,5-TP (silvex)
0.05
0.05
Some people who drink water
containing silvex in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience liver problems.
27. Alachlor
Zero
0.002
Some people who drink water
containing alachlor in excess of the
MCL over many years could have
problems with their eyes, liver,
kidneys, or spleen, or experience
anemia, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
28. Atrazine
0.003
0.003
Some people who drink water
containing atrazine well in excess
of the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
cardiovascular system or
reproductive difficulties.
29. Benzo(a)pyrene
(PAHs).
Zero
0.0002
Some people who drink water
containing benzo(a)pyrene in
excess of the MCL over many
years may experience reproductive
difficulties and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
112
30. Carbofuran
0.04
0.04
Some people who drink water
containing carbofuran in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
blood, or nervous or reproductive
systems.
31. Chlordane
Zero
0.002
Some people who drink water
containing chlordane in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
liver or nervous system, and may
have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
32. Dalapon
0.2
0.2
Some people who drink water
containing dalapon well in excess
of the MCL over many years could
experience minor kidney changes.
33. Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
0.4
0.4
Some people who drink water
containing di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
well in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience toxic
effects, such as weight loss, liver
enlargement, or possible
reproductive difficulties.
34. Di(2-ethylhexyl)-
phthalate
Zero
0.006
Some people who drink water
containing di(2-
ethylhexyl)phthalate well in excess
of the MCL over many years may
have problems with their liver or
experience reproductive
difficulties, and they may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
35. Dibromochloropropane
(DBCP)
Zero
0.0002
Some people who drink water
containing DBCP in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience reproductive difficulties
and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
36. Dinoseb
0.007
0.007
Some people who drink water
containing dinoseb well in excess
of the MCL over many years could
experience reproductive
difficulties.
113
37. Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)
Zero
3 x 10
-8
Some people who drink water
containing dioxin in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience reproductive difficulties
and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
38. Diquat
0.02
0.02
Some people who drink water
containing diquat in excess of the
MCL over many years could get
cataracts.
39. Endothall
0.1
0.1
Some people who drink water
containing endothall in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
stomach or intestines.
40. Endrin
0.002
0.002
Some people who drink water
containing endrin in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience liver problems.
41. Ethylene dibromide
Zero
0.00005
Some people who drink water
containing ethylene dibromide in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their liver, stomach,
reproductive system, or kidneys,
and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
42. Glyphosate
0.7
0.7
Some people who drink water
containing glyphosate in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
kidneys or reproductive difficulties.
43. Heptachlor
Zero
0.0004
Some people who drink water
containing heptachlor in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience liver damage and may
have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
44. Heptachlor epoxide
Zero
0.0002
Some people who drink water
containing heptachlor epoxide in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience liver
damage, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
114
45. Hexachlorobenzene
Zero
0.001
Some people who drink water
containing hexachlorobenzene in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their liver or kidneys, or
adverse reproductive effects, and
may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
46. Hexachlorocyclopenta-
diene
0.05
0.05
Some people who drink water
containing
hexachlorocyclopentadiene well in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their kidneys or stomach.
47. Lindane
0.0002
0.0002
Some people who drink water
containing lindane in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
kidneys or liver.
48. Methoxychlor
0.04
0.04
Some people who drink water
containing methoxychlor in excess
of the MCL over many years could
experience reproductive
difficulties.
49. Oxamyl (Vydate)
0.2
0.2
Some people who drink water
containing oxamyl in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience slight nervous system
effects.
50. Pentachlorophenol
Zero
0.001
Some people who drink water
containing pentachlorophenol in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their liver or kidneys, and may
have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
51. Picloram
0.5
0.5
Some people who drink water
containing picloram in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
liver.
115
52. Polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs)
Zero
0.0005
Some people who drink water
containing PCBs in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience changes in their skin,
problems with their thymus gland,
immune deficiencies, or
reproductive or nervous system
difficulties, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
53. Simazine
0.004
0.004
Some people who drink water
containing simazine in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
blood.
54. Toxaphene
Zero
0.003
Some people who drink water
containing toxaphene in excess of
the MCL over many years could
have problems with their kidneys,
liver, or thyroid, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
F. Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs)
55. Benzene
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing benzene in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience anemia or a decrease in
blood platelets, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
56. Carbon tetrachloride
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing carbon tetrachloride in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their liver and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
57. Chlorobenzene
(monochlorobenzene)
0.1
0.1
Some people who drink water
containing chlorobenzene in excess
of the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
liver or kidneys.
58. o-Dichlorobenzene
0.6
0.6
Some people who drink water
containing o-dichlorobenzene well
in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their liver, kidneys, or
circulatory systems.
116
59. p-Dichlorobenzene
0.075
0.075
Some people who drink water
containing p-dichlorobenzene in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience anemia,
damage to their liver, kidneys, or
spleen, or changes in their blood.
60. 1,2-Dichloroethane
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing 1,2-dichloroethane in
excess of the MCL over many
years may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
61. 1,1-Dichloroethylene
0.007
0.007
Some people who drink water
containing 1,1-dichloroethylene in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their liver.
62. cis-1,2-
Dichloroethylene
0.07
0.07
Some people who drink water
containing cis-1,2-dichloroethylene
in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their liver.
63. trans-1,2-
Dichloroethylene
0.1
0.1
Some people who drink water
containing trans-1,2-
dichloroethylene well in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
liver.
64. Dichloromethane
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing dichloromethane in
excess of the MCL over many
years could have liver problems
and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
65. 1,2-Dichloropropane
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing 1,2-dichloropropane in
excess of the MCL over many
years may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
66. Ethylbenzene
0.7
0.7
Some people who drink water
containing ethylbenzene well in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their liver or kidneys.
117
67. Styrene
0.1
0.1
Some people who drink water
containing styrene well in excess of
the MCL over many years could
have problems with their liver,
kidneys, or circulatory system.
68. Tetrachloroethylene
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing tetrachloroethylene in
excess of the MCL over many
years could have problems with
their liver, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
69. Toluene
1
1
Some people who drink water
containing toluene well in excess of
the MCL over many years could
have problems with their nervous
system, kidneys, or liver.
70. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
0.07
0.07
Some people who drink water
containing 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
well in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience
changes in their adrenal glands.
71. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
0.2
0.2
Some people who drink water
containing 1,1,1-trichloroethane in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their liver, nervous system, or
circulatory system.
72. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
0.003
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing 1,1,2-trichloroethane
well in excess of the MCL over
many years could have problems
with their liver, kidneys, or
immune systems.
73. Trichloroethylene
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing trichloroethylene in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their liver and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
74. Vinyl chloride
Zero
0.002
Some people who drink water
containing vinyl chloride in excess
of the MCL over many years may
have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
118
75. Xylenes (total)
10
10
Some people who drink water
containing xylenes in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience damage to their nervous
system.
G. Radioactive Contaminants
76. Beta/photon emitters
Zero
4 mrem/yr
15
Certain minerals are radioactive
and may emit forms of radiation
known as photons and beta
radiation. Some people who drink
water containing beta and photon
emitters in excess of the MCL over
many years may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
77. Alpha emitters
Zero
15 pCi/
ℓ
16
Certain minerals are radioactive
and may emit a form of radiation
known as alpha radiation. Some
people who drink water containing
alpha emitters in excess of the
MCL over many years may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
78. Combined radium (226
& 228)
Zero 5 pCi/
ℓ
Some people who drink water
containing radium 226 or 228 in
excess of the MCL over many
years may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
79. Uranium
Zero
30
µ
g/
ℓ
Some people who drink water
containing uranium in excess of the
MCL over many years may have an
increased risk of getting cancer and
kidney toxicity.
H. Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs), Byproduct Precursors, and Disinfectant Residuals: Where
disinfection is used in the treatment of drinking water, disinfectants combine with organic and
inorganic matter present in water to form chemicals called disinfection byproducts (DBPs).
USEPA sets standards for controlling the levels of disinfectants and DBPs in drinking water,
including trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAA5)
18
80. Total trihalomethanes
(TTHMs)
N/A 0.080
20
Some people who drink water
containing trihalomethanes in
excess of the MCL over many
years may experience problems
with their liver, kidneys, or central
nervous system, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
119
81. Haloacetic Acids
(HAA5)
N/A 0.060
21
Some people who drink water
containing haloacetic acids in
excess of the MCL over many
years may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
82. Bromate
Zero
0.010
Some people who drink water
containing bromate in excess of the
MCL over many years may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
83. Chlorite
0.08
1.0
Some infants and young children
who drink water containing chlorite
in excess of the MCL could
experience nervous system effects.
Similar effects may occur in fetuses
of pregnant women who drink
water containing chlorite in excess
of the MCL. Some people may
experience anemia.
84. Chlorine
4
(MRDLG)
22
4.0
(MRDL)
23
Some people who use water
containing chlorine well in excess
of the MRDL could experience
irritating effects to their eyes and
nose. Some people who drink water
containing chlorine well in excess
of the MRDL could experience
stomach discomfort.
85. Chloramines
4 (MRDLG)
4.0 (MRDL)
Some people who use water
containing chloramines well in
excess of the MRDL could
experience irritating effects to their
eyes and nose. Some people who
drink water containing chloramines
well in excess of the MRDL could
experience stomach discomfort or
anemia.
85a. Chlorine dioxide,
where any two consecutive
daily samples taken at the
entrance to the distribution
system are above the
MRDL
0.8
(MRDLG)
0.8 (MRDL)
Some infants and young children
who drink water containing
chlorine dioxide in excess of the
MRDL could experience nervous
system effects. Similar effects may
occur in fetuses of pregnant women
who drink water containing
chlorine dioxide in excess of the
MRDL. Some people may
experience anemia.
120
Add for public notification only:
The chlorine dioxide violations
reported today are the result of
exceedences at the treatment
facility only, not within the
distribution system that delivers
water to consumers. Continued
compliance with chlorine dioxide
levels within the distribution
system minimizes the potential risk
of these violations to consumers.
86a. Chlorine dioxide,
where one or more
distribution system samples
are above the MRDL
0.8
(MRDLG)
0.8 (MRDL)
Some infants and young children
who drink water containing
chlorine dioxide in excess of the
MRDL could experience nervous
system effects. Similar effects may
occur in fetuses of pregnant women
who drink water containing
chlorine dioxide in excess of the
MRDL. Some people may
experience anemia.
Add for public notification only:
The chlorine dioxide violations
reported today include exceedences
of the USEPA standard within the
distribution system that delivers
water to consumers. Violations of
the chlorine dioxide standard
within the distribution system may
harm human health based on short-
term exposures. Certain groups,
including fetuses, infants, and
young children, may be especially
susceptible to nervous system
effects from excessive chlorine
dioxide exposure.
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87. Control of DBP
precursors (TOC)
None
TT
Total organic carbon (TOC) has no
health effects. However, total
organic carbon provides a medium
for the formation of disinfection
byproducts. These byproducts
include trihalomethanes (THMs)
and haloacetic acids (HAAs).
Drinking water containing these
byproducts in excess of the MCL
may lead to adverse health effects,
liver or kidney problems, or
nervous system effects, and may
lead to an increased risk of getting
cancer.
I. Other Treatment Techniques:
88. Acrylamide
Zero
TT
Some people who drink water
containing high levels of
acrylamide over a long period of
time could have problems with
their nervous system or blood, and
may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
89. Epichlorohydrin
Zero
TT
Some people who drink water
containing high levels of
epichlorohydrin over a long period
of time could experience stomach
problems, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Appendix H--Endnotes
1. “MCLG” means maximum contaminant level goal.
2. “MCL” means maximum contaminant level.
3. For a water supplier analyzing at least 40 samples per month, no more than 5.0 percent of the
monthly samples may be positive for total coliforms. For a supplier analyzing fewer than 40
samples per month, no more than one sample per month may be positive for total coliforms.
4. There are various regulations that set turbidity standards for different types of systems,
including Section 611.320, the 1989 Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), the 1998 Interim
Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR), and the 2002 Long Term 1 Enhanced
Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT1ESWTR). The MCL for the monthly turbidity average is 1
NTU; the MCL for the 2-day average is 5 NTU for a supplier that is required to filter but has not
yet installed filtration (Section 611.320).
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5. “NTU” means nephelometric turbidity unit.
6. There are various regulations that set turbidity standards for different types of systems,
including Section 611.320, the 1989 Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), the 1998 Interim
Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR), and the 2002 Long Term 1 Enhanced
Surface Water Treatment Rule LT1ESWTR. A supplier subject to the Surface Water Treatment
Rule SWTR (both filtered and unfiltered) may not exceed 5 NTU. In addition, in filtered
systems, 95 percent of samples each month must not exceed 0.5 NTU in systems using
conventional or direct filtration and must not exceed 1 NTU in systems using slow sand or
diatomaceous earth filtration or other filtration technologies approved by the Agency.
7. “TT” means treatment technique.
8. There are various regulations that set turbidity standards for different types of systems,
including Section 611.320, the 1989 Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), the 1998 Interim
Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR), and the 2002 Long Term 1 Enhanced
Surface Water Treatment Rule LT1ESWTR. For a supplier subject to the IESWTR (systems
serving at least 10,000 people, using surface water or groundwater under the direct influence of
surface water), that use conventional filtration or direct filtration, the turbidity level of a
system’s combined filter effluent may not exceed 0.3 NTU in at least 95 percent of monthly
measurements, and the turbidity level of a system’s combined filter effluent must not exceed 1
NTU at any time. A supplier subject to the IESWTR using technologies other than conventional,
direct, slow sand, or diatomaceous earth filtration must meet turbidity limits set by the Agency.
For a supplier subject to the LT1ESWTR (a supplier that serves fewer than 10,000 people, using
surface water or groundwater under the direct influence of surface water) that uses conventional
filtration or direct filtration, after January 1, 2005, the turbidity level of the supplier’s combined
filter effluent may not exceed 0.3 NTU in at least 95 percent of monthly measurements, and the
turbidity level of the supplier’s combined filter effluent must not exceed 1 NTU at any time. A
supplier subject to the LT1ESWTR using technologies other than conventional, direct, slow
sand, or diatomaceous earth filtration must meet turbidity limits set by the Agency.
9. The bacteria detected by heterotrophic plate count (HPC) are not necessarily harmful. HPC is
simply an alternative method of determining disinfectant residual levels. The number of such
bacteria is an indicator of whether there is enough disinfectant in the distribution system.
10. SWTR, IESWTR, and LT1ESWTR treatment technique violations that involve turbidity
exceedences may use the health effects language for turbidity instead.
11. These arsenic values are effective January 23, 2006. Until then, the MCL is 0.05 mg/
ℓ
and
there is no MCLG.
12. Millions of fibers per liter.
13. Action Level = 0.015 mg/
ℓ
.
14. Action Level = 1.3 mg/
ℓ
.
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15. Millirems per year.
16. Picocuries per liter.
17. This endnote 17 corresponds with the endnote to the table in Appendix B to Subpart Q of 40
CFR 141 (2003), which stated a past effective date. This statement maintains structural
consistency with the federal regulations.
18. A surface water system supplier or a groundwater system supplier under the direct influence
of surface water is regulated under Subpart B of this Part. A Supbart B community water system
supplier or a non-transient non-community system supplier that serves 10,000 or more persons
must comply with DBP MCLs and disinfectant maximum residual disinfectant levels (MRDLs).
All other community and non-transient non-community system suppliers must meet the MCLs
and MRDLs beginning January 1, 2004. Subpart B transient non-community system suppliers
serving 10,000 or more persons and using chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant or oxidant must
comply with the chlorine dioxide MRDL. Subpart B transient non-community system suppliers
serving fewer than 10,000 persons and systems using only groundwater not under the direct
influence of surface water and using chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant or oxidant must comply
with the chlorine dioxide MRDL beginning January 1, 2004.
19. This endnote 19 corresponds with the endnote to the table in Appendix B to Subpart Q of 40
CFR 141 (2003), which expired by its own terms on January 1, 2004. This statement maintains
structural consistency with the federal regulations.
20. The MCL for total trihalomethanes is the sum of the concentrations of the individual
trihalomethanes.
21. The MCL for haloacetic acids is the sum of the concentrations of the individual haloacetic
acids.
22. “MRDLG” means maximum residual disinfectant level goal.
23. “MRDL” means maximum residual disinfectant level.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from Appendix B to Subpart Q to 40 CFR 141 (2003).
(Source: Amended at 29 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
I, Dorothy M. Gunn, Clerk of the Illinois Pollution Control Board, certify that the Board
adopted the above opinion and order on January 20, 2005, by a vote of 5-0.
Dorothy M. Gunn, Clerk
Illinois Pollution Control Board
