ILLINOIS POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
March 19, 1998
IN THE MATTER OF:
)
)
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS -
) R98-28
NON-METHANE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
) (Rulemaking - Air)
35 ILL. ADM. CODE 201.103, 201.146, and
)
PART 220
)
Proposed Rule. First Notice.
OPINION AND ORDER OF THE BOARD (by R.C. Flemal):
On March 13, 1998, the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (Agency) filed a
proposal to amend 35 Ill. Adm. Code 201.103, Abbreviations and Units, and 201.146,
Exemptions from Permit Requirements, and to create a new 35 Ill. Adm. Code Part 220.
Collectively the amendments would establish a program for the regulation of emissions of non-
methane organic compounds (NMOC) from certain municipal waste landfills.
The adoption by the Board of these proposed amendments is authorized under Section
28.5 of the Environmental Protection Act (Act) (415 ILCS 5/28.5 (1996)). Section 28.5 provides
for “fast-track” adoption of certain regulations necessary for compliance with the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990 (CAA) (42 U.S.C. 7401-76719 (1990)).
Section 111(d) of the CAA requires that States submit a plan for the control of emissions
from any source for which the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has
promulgated a performance standard. USEPA has promulgated a new source performance
standard (NSPS) and an emission guideline (EG) for municipal landfills which requires that
NMOC emissions be controlled. (40 CFR 51, 52, 60). The NSPS and EG apply to municipal
landfills that accept household waste, but these landfills may also accept other types of waste,
e.g., commercial or industrial. The NSPS applies to municipal landfills where construction,
reconstruction, or modification began on or after May 30, 1991. The EG also applies to
municipal landfills where construction, reconstruction, or modification began before May 30,
1991. The municipal landfill owner or operator must either have accepted waste since November
8, 1987, or have unused capacity for additional waste.
The Agency’s proposal includes provisions for implementing the EGs for the control of
emissions from existing municipal landfills in Illinois. The proposal contains standards and control
requirements that are intended to be equivalent to those included in the NSPS. The proposal
requires certain existing municipal landfill owners or operators to report design capacity to report
their annual NMOC emission rate, and if emissions are equal or greater to 50 Mg/year, to install a
gas collection control system. The six major parts of the proposal are the applicability criteria,
control requirements, compliance, operational standards, monitoring, reporting, recordkeeping,
and amendments to exempt smaller landfills from State permitting requirements.
2
PROCEDURAL MATTERS
Along with the proposal, the Agency filed a motion to waive the requirement that the
Agency provide the original and nine copies of the proposal and instead file one complete original,
five complete copies, and four partial copies, the latter consisting of pleadings and the proposed
rules absent supporting exhibits. The Agency maintains that the entire regulatory proposal,
including supporting documentation, consists of several hundred pages. The Agency also filed a
motion to waive the requirement that it provide the Attorney General’s Office and the Department
of Natural Resources with a copy of the proposed amendments. The Agency asserts that it
discussed the matter with both offices who agreed that the Agency need not supply their offices
with a copy of the entire proposal. Finally, the Agency filed a motion to waive the requirement
that it provide the Board with copies of all documents relied on at hearing or in development of
the proposal and instead provide the Board only with Item (d), Research Triangle Park, United
States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-453/R-94-021, Air Emissions from Municipal
Solid Waste Landfills - Background Information for Final Standards and Guidelines (December
1995). The Agency requests that the Board grant this waiver as Items (a), (b) and (c) (the Clean
Air Act, the Environmental Protection Act and Waste Disposal) are readily accessible to the
Board. The Board hereby grants the Agency’s motions.
Pursuant to Section 28.5 of the Act (415 ILCS 5/28.5 (1996)), the Board is required to
proceed within set timeframes toward the adoption of the regulation. The Board has no
discretion to adjust these timeframes under any circumstances. Today the Board sends this
proposal to first notice under the Illinois Administrative Procedure Act (5 ILCS 100 (1996))
without commenting on the merits of the proposal. The following schedule indicates the dates on
which the Board will act as provided in Section 28.5 of the Act (415 ILCS 5/28.5 (1996):
First Notice
on or before March 27, 1998
First Hearing
on or before May 1, 1998
Second Hearing
on or before May 13, 1998
Third Hearing
on or before May 21, 1998
Second Notice
(if 3rd hearing is canceled)
on or before July 21, 1998
(if 3rd hearing is held)
on or before August 10, 1998
Final Adoption
21 days after receipt of JCAR
certificate of no objection
The second hearing will include economic impact considerations, in accord with Public Act 90-
489, effective January 1, 1998. The third hearing may be canceled if unnecessary, as specified at
28.5(g)(3). The Board will proceed in this matter as Section 28.5 of the Act (415 ILCS 5/28.5
(1996)) requires and as discussed in the Board’s resolutions regarding Section 28.5 of the Act.
See RES 92-2 (October 28, 1992, and December 3, 1992).
ORDER
The Board directs the Clerk to cause the filing of the following with the Secretary of State
3
for first notice publication in the
Illinois Register
.
TITLE 35: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
SUBTITLE B: AIR POLLUTION
CHAPTER I: POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
SUBCHAPTER a: PERMITS AND GENERAL PROVISIONS
PART 201
PERMITS AND GENERAL PROVISIONS
SUBPART A: DEFINITIONS
Section
201.101
Other Definitions
201.102
Definitions
201.103
Abbreviations and Units
201.104
Incorporations by Reference
SUBPART B: GENERAL PROVISIONS
Section
201.121
Existence of Permit No Defense
201.122
Proof of Emissions
201.123
Burden of Persuasion Regarding Exceptions
201.124
Annual Report
201.125
Severability
201.126
Repealer
SUBPART C: PROHIBITIONS
Section
201.141
Prohibition of Air Pollution
201.142
Construction Permit Required
201.143
Operating Permits for New Sources
201.144
Operating Permits for Existing Sources
201.146
Exemptions from State Permit Requirements
201.147
Former Permits
201.148
Operation Without Compliance Program and Project Completion Schedule
201.149
Operation During Malfunction, Breakdown or Startups
201.150
Circumvention
201.151
Design of Effluent Exhaust Systems
SUBPART D: PERMIT APPLICATIONS AND REVIEW PROCESS
Section
4
201.152
Contents of Application for Construction Permit
201.153
Incomplete Applications
201.154
Signatures
201.155
Standards for Issuance
201.156
Conditions
201.157
Contents of Application for Operating Permit
201.158
Incomplete Applications
201.159
Signatures
201.160
Standards for Issuance
201.161
Conditions
201.162
Duration
201.163
Joint Construction and Operating Permits
201.164
Design Criteria
201.165
Hearings
201.166
Revocation
201.167
Revisions to Permits
201.168
Appeals from Conditions
SUBPART E: SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR OPERATING PERMITS FOR CERTAIN
SMALLER SOURCES
Section
201.180
Applicability
201.181
Expiration and Renewal
201.187
Requirement for a Revised Permit
SUBPART F: CAAPP PERMITS
Section
201.207
Applicability
201.208
Supplemental Information
201.209
Emissions of Hazardous Air Pollutants
201.210
Categories of Insignificant Activities or Emission Levels
201.211
Application for Classification as an Insignificant Activity
201.212
Revisions to Lists of Insignificant Activities or Emission Levels
5
SUBPART G: EXPERIMENTAL PERMITS
(Reserved)
SUBPART H: COMPLIANCE PROGRAMS AND PROJECT COMPLETION SCHEDULES
Section
201.241
Contents of Compliance Program
201.242
Contents of Project Completion Schedule
201.243
Standards for Approval
201.244
Revisions
201.245
Effects of Approval
201.246
Records and Reports
201.247
Submission and Approval Dates
SUBPART I: MALFUNCTIONS, BREAKDOWNS OR STARTUPS
Section
201.261
Contents of Request for Permission to Operate During a Malfunction, Breakdown
or Startup
201.262
Standards for Granting Permission to Operate During a Malfunction, Breakdown
or Startup
201.263
Records and Reports
201.264
Continued Operation or Startup Prior to Granting of Operating Permit
201.265
Effect of Granting of Permission to Operate During a Malfunction, Breakdown or
Startup
SUBPART J: MONITORING AND TESTING
Section
201.281
Permit Monitoring Equipment Requirements
201.282
Testing
201.283
Records and Reports
SUBPART K: RECORDS AND REPORTS
Section
201.301
Records
201.302
Reports
SUBPART L: CONTINUOUS MONITORING
Section
201.401
Continuous Monitoring Requirements
201.402
Alternative Monitoring
201.403
Exempt Sources
6
201.404
Monitoring System Malfunction
201.405
Excess Emission Reporting
201.406
Data Reduction
201.407
Retention of Information
201.408
Compliance Schedules
201.Appendix A
Rule into Section Table Appendix BSection into Rule Table Appendix
CPast Compliance Dates
AUTHORITY: Implementing Sections 10, 39, and 39.5 and authorized by Section 27 of the
Environmental Protection Act [415 ILCS 5/10, 27, 39, and 39.5].
SOURCE: Adopted as Chapter 2: Air Pollution, Part I: General Provisions, in R71-23, 4 PCB
191, filed and effective April 14, 1972; amended in R78-3 and 4, 35 PCB 75 and 243, at 3 Ill.
Reg.30, p. 124, effective July 28, 1979; amended in R80-5, at 7 Ill. Reg. 1244, effective January
21, 1983; codified at 7 Ill. Reg. 13579; amended in R82-1 (Docket A) at 10 Ill. Reg. 12628,
effective July 7, 1986; amended in R87-38 at 13 Ill. Reg. 2066, effective February 3, 1989;
amended in R89-7(A) at 13 Ill. Reg. 19444, effective December 5, 1989; amended in R89-7(B) at
15 Ill. Reg. 17710, effective November 26, 1991; amended in R93-11 at 17 Ill. Reg. 21483,
effective December 7, 1993; amended in R94-12 at 18 Ill. Reg. 15002, effective September 21,
1994; amended in R94-14 at 18 Ill. Reg. 15760, effective October 17, 1994; amended in R96-17
at 21 Ill. Reg. 7878, effective June 17, 1997; amended in R98-28 at Ill. Reg. , effective
.
SUBPART A: DEFINITIONS
Section 201.103
Abbreviations and Units
a)
The following abbreviations have been used in this Part:
btu or Btu
British thermal units (60
°
F)
gal
gallons
hp
horsepower
hr
hour
gal/mo
gallons per month
gal/yr
gallons per year
kPa
kilopascals
kPa absolute
kilopascals absolute
kW
kilowatts
l
liters
Mg megagrams
m
3
cubic meters
mm or M
million
MW
megawatts; one million watts
NMOC nonmethane organic compounds
7
psi
pounds per square inch
psia
pounds per square inch absolute
yr year
b)
The following conversion factors have been used in this Part:
English
Metric
1 gal
3.785 l
1000 gal
3.785 m
3
cubic meters
1 hp
0.7452 kW
1 mmbtu/hr
0.293 MW
1 psi
6.897 kPa
(Source: Amended at Ill. Reg. , effective )
SUBPART C: PROHIBITIONS
Section 201.146
Exemptions from State Permit Requirements
Construction or operating permits, pursuant to Sections 201.142, 201.143 and 201.144 of this
Part, are not required for the classes of equipment and activities listed below in this Section. The
permitting exemptions in this Section do not relieve the owner or operator of any source from any
obligation to comply with any other applicable requirements, including the obligation to obtain a
permit pursuant to Sections 9.1(d) and 39.5 of the Act, Sections 165, 173 and 502 of the Clean
Air Act or any other applicable permit or registration requirements.
a)
Air contaminant detectors or recorders, combustion controllers or combustion
shutoffs;
b)
Air conditioning or ventilating equipment not designed to remove air contaminants
generated by or released from associated equipment;
c)
Each fuel burning emission unit for indirect systems and for heating and reheating
furnace systems used exclusively for residential, or commercial establishments
using gas and/or fuel oil exclusively with a design heat input capacity of less than
14.6 MW (50 mmbtu/hr) , except that a permit shall be required for any such
emission unit with a design heat input capacity of at least 10 mmbtu/hr that was
constructed, reconstructed or modified after June 9, 1989 and that is subject to 40
CFR 60, Subpart D;
d)
Each fuel burning emission unit other than those listed in subsection (c) of this
Section for direct systems used for comfort heating purposes and indirect heating
systems with a design heat input capacity of less than 2930 kW (10 mmbtu/hr);
e) Internal combustion engines or boilers (including the fuel system) of motor
8
vehicles, locomotives, air craft, watercraft, lifttrucks and other vehicles powered
by nonroad engines;
f)
Bench scale laboratory equipment and laboratory equipment used exclusively for
chemical and physical analysis, including associated laboratory fume hoods,
vacuum producing devices and control devices installed primarily to address
potential accidental releases;
g)
Coating operations located at a source using not in excess of 18,925 l (5,000 gal)
of coating (including thinner) per year;
h)
Any emission unit acquired exclusively for domestic use, except that a permit shall
be required for any incinerator and for any fuel combustion emission unit using
solid fuel with a design heat input capacity of 14.6 MW (50 mmbtu/hr) or more;
i)
Any stationary internal combustion engine with a rated power output of less than
1118 kW (1500 horsepower), except that a permit shall be required for any
stationary gas turbine engine with a rated heat input at peak load of 10.7
gigajoules/hr (10 mmbtu/hr) or more that is constructed, reconstructed or modified
after October 3, 1977 and that is subject to requirements of 40 CFR 60, Subpart
GG;
j)
Rest room facilities and associated cleanup operations, and stacks or vents used to
prevent the escape of sewer gases through plumbing traps;
k)
Safety devices designed to protect life and limb, provided that a permit is not
otherwise required for the emission unit with which the safety device is associated;
l)
Storage tanks for liquids for retail dispensing except for storage tanks that are
subject to the requirements of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 215.583(a)(2), 218.583(a)(2) or
219.583(a)(2);
m)
Printing operations with aggregate organic solvent usage that never exceeds 2,839
l (750 gal) per year from all printing lines at the source, including organic solvent
from inks, dilutents, fountain solutions and cleaning materials;
n)
Storage tanks of:
1)
Organic liquids with a capacity of less than 37,850 l (10,000 gal), provided
the storage tank is not used to store any material listed as a hazardous air
pollutant pursuant to Section 112(b) of the Clean Air Act,
9
and provided the storage tank is not subject to the requirements of 35 Ill.
Adm. Code 215.583(a)(2), 218.583(a)(2) or 219.583(a)(2);
2)
Any size containing exclusively soaps, detergents, surfactants, waxes,
glycerin, vegetable oils, greases, animal fats, sweetener, corn syrup,
aqueous salt solutions or aqueous caustic solutions, provided an organic
solvent has not been mixed with such materials; or
3)
Any size containing virgin or re-refined distillate oil, hydrocarbon
condensate from natural gas pipeline or storage systems, lubricating oil or
residual fuel oils.
o)
Threaded pipe connections, vessel manways, flanges, valves, pump seals, pressure
relief valves, pressure relief devices and pumps;
p)
Sampling connections used exclusively to withdraw materials for testing and
analyses;
q)
All storage tanks of Illinois crude oil with capacity of less than 151,400 l (40,000
gal) located on oil field sites;
r)
All organic material-water single or multiple compartment effluent water separator
facilities for Illinois crude oil of vapor pressure of less than 34.5 kPa absolute (5
psia);
s)
Grain-handling operations, exclusive of grain-drying operations, with an annual
grain through (but not exceeding 300,000 bushels);
t)
Grain-drying operations with a total grain-drying capacity not exceeding 750
bushels per hour for 5% moisture extraction at manufacturer's rated capacity, using
the American Society of Agricultural Engineers Standard 248.2, Section 9, Basis
for Stating Drying Capacity of Batch and Continuous (Flow Grain Dryers);
u)
Portable grain-handling equipment and one-turn storage space;
v)
Cold cleaning degreasers that are not in-line cleaning machines, where the vapor
pressure of the solvents used never exceeds 2 kPa (15 mmHg or 0.3 psi) measured
at 38 C (100 F) or 0.7 kPa (5 mmHg or 0.1 psi) at 20 C (68 F);
w)
Coin-operated dry cleaning operations;
x)
Dry cleaning operations at a source that consume less than 30 gallons per month of
perchloroethylene;
y)
Brazing, soldering, wave soldering or welding equipment, including associated
10
ventilation hoods;
z)
Cafeterias, kitchens, and other similar facilities, including smokehouses, used for
preparing food or beverages, but not including facilities used in the manufacturing
and wholesale distribution of food, beverages, food or beverage products, or food
or beverage components;
aa)
Equipment for carving, cutting, routing, turning, drilling, machining, sawing,
surface grinding, sanding, planing, buffing, sand blast cleaning, shot blasting, shot
peening, or polishing ceramic artwork, leather, metals (other than beryllium),
plastics, concrete, rubber, paper stock, wood or wood products, where such
equipment is either:
1)
Used for maintenance activity;
2)
Manually operated;
3)
Exhausted inside a building; or
4)
Vented externally with emissions controlled by an appropriately operated
cyclonic inertial separator (cyclone), filter, electro-static precipitor or a
scrubber.
ab)
Feed mills that produce no more than 10,000 tons of feed per calendar year,
provided that a permit is not otherwise required for the source pursuant to Section
201.142, 201.143 or 201.144;
ac)
Extruders used for the extrusion of metals, minerals, plastics, rubber or wood,
excluding:
1)
Extruders used in the manufacture of polymers;
2)
Extruders using foaming agents or release agents that contain volatile
organic materials or Class I or II substances subject to the requirements of
Title VI of the Clean Air Act; and
3)
Extruders processing scrap material that was produced using foaming
agents containing volatile organic materials or Class I or II substances
subject to the requirements of Title VI of the Clean Air Act.
ad)
Furnaces used for melting metals, other than beryllium, with a brim full capacity of
less than 450 cubic inches by volume;
11
ae)
Equipment used for the melting or application of less than 22,767 kg/yr (50,000
lbs/yr) of wax to which no organic solvent has been added;
af)
Equipment used for filling drums, pails or other packaging containers, excluding
aerosol cans, with soaps, detergents, surfactants, lubricating oils, waxes, vegetable
oils, greases, animal fats, glycerin, sweeteners, corn syrup, aqueous salt solutions
or aqueous caustic solutions, provided an organic solvent has not been mixed with
such materials;
ag)
Loading and unloading systems for railcars, tank trucks, or watercraft that handle
only the following liquid materials: soaps, detergents, surfactants, lubricating oils,
waxes, glycerin, vegetable oils, greases, animal fats, sweetener, corn syrup,
aqueous salt solutions or aqueous caustic solutions, provided an organic solvent
has not been mixed with such materials;
ah)
Equipment used for the mixing and blending of materials at ambient temperatures
to make water based adhesives, provided each material mixed or blended contains
less than 5% organic solvent by weight;
ai)
Die casting machines where a metal or plastic is formed under pressure in a die
located at a source with a throughput of less than 2,000,000 lbs of metal or plastic
per year, in the aggregate, from all die casting machines;
aj)
Air pollution control devices used exclusively with other equipment that is exempt
from permitting, as provided in this Section;
ak)
An emission unit for which a registration system designed to identify sources and
emission units subject to emission control requirements is in place, such as the
registration system found at 35 Ill. Adm. Code 218.586 (Gasoline Dispensing
Operations - Motor Vehicle Fueling Operations) and 35 Ill. Adm. Code 218,
Subpart HH (Motor Vehicle Refinishing);
al)
Photographic process equipment by which an image is reproduced upon material
sensitized to radiant energy;
am)
Equipment used for hydraulic or hydrostatic testing;
an)
General vehicle maintenance and servicing activities conducted at a source, motor
vehicle repair shops, and motor vehicle body shops, but not including:
1)
Gasoline fuel handling; and
2)
Motor vehicle refinishing.
12
ao)
Equipment using water, water and soap or detergent, or a suspension of abrasives
in water for purposes of cleaning or finishing, provided no organic solvent has
been added to the water;
ap)
Administrative activities including, but not limited to, paper shredding, copying,
photographic activities and blueprinting machines. This does not include
incinerators;
aq)
Laundry dryers, extractors, and tumblers processing that have been cleaned with
water solutions of bleach or detergents that are:
1)
Located at a source and process clothing, bedding and other fabric items
used at the source, provided that any organic solvent present in such items
before processing that is retained from cleanup operations shall be
addressed as part of the VOM emissions from use of cleaning materials;
2)
Located at a commercial laundry; or
3)
Coin operated.
ar)
Housekeeping activities for cleaning purposes, including collecting spilled and
accumulated materials, including operation of fixed vacuum cleaning systems
specifically for such purposes, but not including use of cleaning materials that
contain organic solvent;
as)
Refrigeration systems, including storage tanks used in refrigeration systems, but
excluding any combustion equipment associated with such systems;
at)
Activities associated with the construction, on-site repair, maintenance or
dismantlement of buildings, utility lines, pipelines, wells, excavations, earthworks
and other structures that do not constitute emission units;
au)
Piping and storage systems for natural gas, propane and liquefied petroleum gas;
av)
Water treatment or storage systems, as follows:
1)
Systems for potable water or boiler feedwater;
2)
Systems, including cooling towers, for process water, provided that such
water has not been in direct or indirect contact with process streams that
contain volatile organic material or materials listed as hazardous air
pollutants pursuant to Section 112(b) of the Clean Air Act.
aw)
Lawn care, landscape maintenance and grounds keeping activities;
13
ax)
Containers, reservoirs or tanks used exclusively in dipping operations to coat
objects with oils, waxes or greases, provided no organic solvent has been mixed
with such materials;
ay)
Use of consumer products, including hazardous substances as that term is defined
in the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (15 U.S.C. 1261 et seq.), where the
product is used at a source in the same manner as normal consumer use;
az)
Activities directly used in the diagnosis and treatment of disease, injury or other
medical condition;
ba)
Activities associated with the construction, repair or maintenance of roads or other
paved or open areas, including operation of street sweepers, vacuum trucks, spray
trucks and other vehicles related to the control of fugitive emissions of such roads
or other areas;
bb)
Storage and handling of drums or other transportable containers, where the
containers are sealed during storage and handling;
bc)
Activities at a source associated with the maintenance, repair or dismantlement of
an emission unit or other equipment installed at the source, not including the
shutdown of the unit or equipment, including preparation for maintenance, repair
or dismantlement, and preparation for subsequent startup, including preparation of
a shutdown vessel for entry, replacement of insulation, welding and cutting, and
steam purging of a vessel prior to startup;
bd)
Equipment used for corona arc discharge surface treatment of plastic with a power
rating of 5 kW or less or equipped with an ozone destruction device;
be)
Equipment used to seal or cut plastic bags for commercial, industrial or domestic
use; and
bf)
Each direct-fired gas dryer used for a washing, cleaning, coating or printing line,
excluding:
1)
Dryers with a rated heat input capacity of 2930 kW (10 mmbtu/hr) or
more; and
2)
Dryers for which emissions other than those attributable to combustion of
fuel in the dryer, including emissions attributable to use or application of
cleaning agents, washing materials, coatings or inks or other process
materials that contain volatile organic material are not addressed as part of
the permitting of such line, if a permit is otherwise required for the line.
bg)
Municipal solid waste landfills with a maximum total design capacity of less than
14
2.5 million Mg or 2.5 million m
3
that are not required to install a gas collection and
control system pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 220, 800 through 849, or Section
9.1 of the Act.
(Source: Amended at Ill. Reg. , effective )
TITLE 35: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
SUBTITLE B: AIR POLLUTION
CHAPTER I: POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
SUBCHAPTER c: EMISSION STANDARDS AND LIMITATIONS
FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
PART 220
NONMETHANE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
SUBPART A: GENERAL PROVISIONS
Section
220.100
Purpose
220.110
Definitions
220.120
Abbreviations
220.130
Incorporations by Reference
SUBPART B: MSW LANDFILLS
Section
220.200
Applicability
220.210
Compliance Requirements and Schedule
220.220
Gas Collection System Requirements
220.230
Gas Control System Requirements
220.240
Compliance Procedures for Gas Collection Systems
220.250
Operational Standards for Collection and Control Systems
220.260
Test Methods and Procedures
220.270
Monitoring of Operations
220.280
Reporting Requirements
220.290
Recordkeeping Requirements
AUTHORITY:
Implementing and authorized By Sections 4, 9.1, 27, and 28.5 of the
Illinois Environmental Protection Act [415 ILCS 5/4, 9.1, 27, and 28.5].
SOURCE:
Adopted at Ill. Reg. , effective .
SUBPART A: GENERAL PROVISIONS
15
Section 220.100
Purpose
This Part contains emission control requirements for MSW landfills in accordance with section
111(d) and subpart B of the Clean Air Act.
Section 220.110
Definitions
The definitions in this Section apply only to the provisions of this Part. Unless otherwise defined
herein and unless a different meaning of a term is clear from its context, the definitions of terms
used in this Part shall have the meanings specified by 35 Ill. Adm. Code 201.102, 211, and
810.103.
"Active collection system" means a gas collection system that uses gas mover equipment.
"Active landfill" means a landfill in which solid waste is being placed or a landfill that is
planning to accept waste in the future.
"Closed landfill" means a landfill in which solid waste is no longer being placed, and in
which no additional solid wastes will be placed without first filing a notification of
modification as described under 35 Ill. Adm Code 811.110 and obtaining a developmental
permit pursuant to Section 21 of the Act. Once a permit has been received and additional
solid waste is placed in the landfill, the landfill is no longer closed.
"Commercial waste" means all types of solid waste generated by stores, offices,
restaurants, warehouses, and other nonmanufacturing activities, excluding household and
industrial wastes.
"Controlled landfill" means any landfill at which collection and control systems are
required under this Part as a result of the NMOC emission rate. The landfill is considered
controlled at the time an application for a construction permit for a collection and control
system is submitted to the Agency in compliance with Sections 220.220 and 220.230 of
this Part.
"Design capacity" means the maximum amount of solid waste a landfill can accept, as
indicated in terms of volume or mass, as specified in the permit(s) issued pursuant to
Section 21(d) of the Act for the source plus any in-place waste not accounted for in the
permit(s); if no design capacity is specified in a permit, then the design capacity shall be
calculated using good engineering practices; or if the landfill is closed pursuant to the
applicable regulations in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 800 through 849, the actual capacity specified
in the closure plan. If the owner or operator chooses to convert the design capacity from
volume to mass or from mass to volume to demonstrate its design capacity is less than 2.5
million Mg or 2.5 million m
3
, the calculation must include a site-specific density, which
must be recalculated annually.
"Disposal facility" means all contiguous land and structures, and improvements on the land
16
used for the disposal of solid waste. Portions of the disposal facility may be separated by
access roads.
"Emission rate cutoff" means the threshold annual emission rate to which a landfill
compares its estimated emission rate to determine if control under this Part is required.
"Enclosed combustor" means an enclosed firebox. Examples include, but are not limited
to, an enclosed flare, a boiler, and an internal combustion engine.
"Flare" means an open combustor without enclosure or shroud.
"Gas mover equipment" means the equipment (i.e., fan, blower, compressor) used to
transport landfill gas through the header system.
"Household waste" means any solid waste (including garbage, trash, and sanitary waste in
septic tanks) derived from households (including, but not limited to, single and multiple
residences, hotels and motels, bunkhouses, ranger stations, crew quarters, campgrounds,
picnic grounds, and day-use recreations areas).
"Industrial waste" means solid waste generated by manufacturing or industrial processes
that is not a hazardous waste regulated under Subtitle C of RCRA, 40 CFR parts 264 and
265. Such waste may include, but is not limited to, waste resulting from the following
manufacturing processes: electric power generation; fertilizer/agricultural chemicals; food
and related products/by-products; inorganic chemicals; iron and steel manufacturing;
leather and leather products; nonferrous metals manufacturing/foundries; organic
chemicals; plastics and resins manufacturing; pulp and paper industry; rubber and
miscellaneous plastic products; stone, glass, clay, and concrete products; textile
manufacturing; transportation equipment; and water treatment. This term does not
include mining waste or oil and gas waste.
"Interior well" means any well or similar collection component located inside the perimeter
of the landfill. A perimeter well located outside the landfilled waste is not an interior well.
"Landfill" means an area of land or an excavation in which wastes are placed for
permanent disposal, and that is not a land application unit, surface impoundment, or an
underground injection well. For the purposes of this Part, landfills include waste piles.
"Lateral expansion" means a horizontal expansion of the waste boundaries of an existing
MSW landfill. A lateral expansion is not a modification for the purposes of
17
filing an amended design capacity report pursuant to Section 220.210(a) of this Part,
unless it results in an increase in the design capacity of the landfill.
"Modification" means an increase in the permitted volume design capacity of the landfill by
either horizontal or vertical expansion.
"Municipal solid waste (MSW)" means household waste.
"Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill" means an entire disposal facility or landfill in a
contiguous geographical space where household waste is placed in or on land. An MSW
landfill may also receive other types of RCRA Subtitle D wastes such as commercial solid
waste, nonhazardous sludge, conditionally exempt small quantity generator waste, and
industrial solid waste. Portions of an MSW landfill may be separated by access roads. An
MSW landfill may be publicly or privately owned or operated.
"Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill emissions" means gas generated by decomposition
of organic waste deposited in an MSW landfill or derived from the evolution of organic
compounds in the waste.
"Nondegradable waste" means any waste that does not decompose through chemical
breakdown or microbiological activity. Examples are, but are not limited to, concrete,
municipal waste combustor ash, and metals.
"Nonmethane organic compounds (NMOC)" means nonmethane organic compounds, as
measured according to the provisions of Section 220.260 of this Part.
"Passive collection system" means a gas collection system that uses solely positive
pressure within the landfill to move the gas rather than using gas mover equipment.
"Putrescible waste" means a solid waste that contains organic matter capable of being
decomposed by microorganisms so as to cause a malodor, gases, or other offensive
conditions, or which is capable of providing food for birds and vectors. Putrescible wastes
may form a contaminated leachate from microbiological degradation, chemical processes,
and physical processes. Putrescible waste includes, but is not limited to, garbage, offal,
dead animals, general household waste, and commercial waste. All solid wastes that do
not meet the definitions of inert or chemical wastes shall be considered putrescible wastes.
"Sludge" means any solid, semisolid, or liquid waste generated from a municipal,
commercial, or industrial wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air
pollution control facility, exclusive of the treated effluent from a wastewater treatment
plant.
18
"Solid waste" means a waste that is defined as an inert waste, as a putrescible waste, as a
chemical waste or as a special waste, and which is also not defined as a hazardous waste
pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 721.
"Sufficient density" means any number, spacing, and combination of collection system
components, including vertical wells, horizontal collectors, and surface collectors,
necessary to maintain emission and migration control as determined by measures of
performance set forth in this Part.
"Sufficient extraction rate" means a rate sufficient to maintain a negative pressure at all
wellheads in the collection system without causing air infiltration, including any wellheads
connected to the system as a result of expansion or excess surface emissions, for the life of
the blower.
Section 220.120
Abbreviations
Act
Illinois Environmental Protection Act
Agency
Illinois Environmental Protection Agency
Board
Illinois Pollution Control Board
°
C
degrees Celsius or centigrade
cm
centimeters
CAAPP
Clean Air Act Permit Program
°
F
degrees Fahrenheit
hr
hours
m
meters
m
3
cubic meters
Mg
megagrams
mmbtu
million British thermal units
MSW
municipal solid waste
MW
megawatt; 1 million watts
NMOC
nonmethane organic compounds
NOx
nitrogen oxides
ppm
parts per million
ppmv
parts per million by volume
RCRA
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
SIP
State Implementation Plan
USEPA
United States Environmental Protection Agency
VOC
volatile organic compounds
VOM
volatile organic material
yr
years
Section 220.130
Incorporations by Reference
The following materials are incorporated by reference. These incorporations by reference
do not include any later amendments or editions.
19
a)
Section 4 of Method 2E: Determination of Landfill Gas; Gas production Flow
Rate, 40 CFR 60, Appendix A (61 Fed. Reg. 9929 (March 12, 1996)).
b)
Method 25C - Determination of Nonmethane Organic Compounds (NMOC) in
MSW Landfill Gases, 40 CFR 60, Appendix A (61 Fed. Reg. 9929 (March 12,
1996)).
c)
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) the Technical Support
Division of OAQPS, EPA, MD-14, Research Triangle Park, 27711.
d)
Sections 3, 3.1.3, 4.2, 4.3.1, and 4.4 of Method 21 of Appendix A, 40 CFR 60.
e)
Method 3C, Appendix A, 40 CFR 60.
f)
Method 3A, Appendix A, 40 CFR 60.
g)
Method 18, Appendix A, 40 CFR 60.
h)
General Control Device Requirements, 40 CFR 60.18
SUBPART B: MSW LANDFILLS
Section 220.200
Applicability
a)
Except as provided in subsection (b) of this Section, an owner or operator of an
MSW landfill for which construction, reconstruction, or modification commenced
before May 30, 1991, is subject to the requirements of this Subpart if the landfill
has accepted waste at any time since November 8, 1987, or has additional design
capacity available for future waste deposition.
b)
Any MSW landfill that commenced construction, reconstruction, or modification,
on or after May 30, 1991, is subject to the requirements of 40 CFR 60, Subpart
WWW, in lieu of the requirements of this Part.
Section 220.210
Compliance Requirements and Schedule
a)
Each owner or operator of an MSW landfill having a design capacity less than 2.5
million Mg by mass or 2.5 million m
3
by volume shall submit an initial design
capacity report to the Agency as provided in Section 220.280(a) of this Subpart.
The owner or operator may calculate design capacity in either Mg or m
3
for
comparison with the exemption values. Any density conversions shall be
documented and submitted with the report. If the landfill is subsequently modified,
then the owner or operator shall submit to the Agency an amended design capacity
report as provided for in Section 220.280(a)(3) of this Subpart. Submittal of an
20
initial design capacity report and, if applicable, an amended design capacity report
shall fulfill the requirements of this Subpart. Pursuant to Section 220.200(b) of this
Subpart, modification of an MSW landfill will subject it to the requirements of 40
CFR 60 Subpart WWW.
b)
An owner or operator of an MSW landfill having a design capacity equal to or
greater than 2.5 million Mg and 2.5 million m
3
shall submit an initial design
capacity report and initial emissions rate report to the Agency, as provided in
Section 220.280(a) and (b) of this Subpart, and comply with either subsection (c)
or (d) of this Section.
c)
For MSW landfills with an NMOC emissions rate less than 50 Mg/yr, the owner or
operator shall:
1)
Submit an emission rate report, as provided by Section 220.280(b) of this
Subpart, to the Agency; and
2)
Recalculate the NMOC emission rate using the procedures specified in
Section 220.260(a) of this Subpart until such time as the calculated NMOC
emission rate is equal to or greater than 50 Mg/yr, at which time the
provisions of subsection (d) of this Section shall apply, or the landfill is
closed.
d)
For MSW landfills with emissions equal to or greater than 50 Mg/yr, calculated
pursuant to Section 220.260(a) of this Subpart, within 30 months of the date when
the first annual NMOC emission rate report equals or exceeds 50 Mg/yr, an owner
or operator shall:
1)
Install and operate:
A)
A gas collection and control system meeting the gas collection
system and control requirements of Sections 220.220 and 220.230
of this Subpart; or
B)
An alternate gas collection and control system using alternate
procedures for gas collection and control, determining compliance,
monitoring, operation, testing, recordkeeping, or reporting instead
of those provided for in this Subpart, as approved by the Agency or
Board, as meeting the requirements in Section 220.220(d) or (e), or
Section 220.230(d) or (e) of this Subpart. Such alternate system
shall be effective only when included in a federally enforceable
permit or approved as a SIP revision.
2)
Certify compliance: Within 6 months of initial startup or upon change in
method of compliance, or within 39 months of the effective date of this
21
Part, whichever is later, the owner or operator of a MSW landfill subject to
the control requirements of this Subpart must certify compliance with the
requirements of this Subpart by submitting to the Agency the following:
A)
A description of the gas collection and control system used;
B)
The date the system was installed;
C)
A demonstration that the control system meets the requirements of
Section 220.230 of this Subpart:
i)
For active collection systems: the reduction efficiency or
ppmv must be established by a performance test using the
test methods required pursuant to Section 220.260(d) of
this Subpart;
ii)
For open flares: compliance with the requirements of 40
CFR 60.18, incorporated by reference in Section 220.130 of
this Part, must be established.
Section 220.220
Gas Collection System Requirements
a)
Each owner or operator of an MSW landfill having a design capacity equal to or
greater than 2.5 million Mg and 2.5 million m
3
, and a calculated NMOC emission
rate equal to or greater than 50 Mg/yr, must install and operate a gas collection
system that meets the requirements of either subsection (b), (c), (d), or (e) of this
Section and:
1)
Handles maximum expected gas flow rate from the entire area of the MSW
landfill that warrants control pursuant to subsection (b)(1)(D) of this
Section for the period required in Section 220.250(h) of this Subpart, as
calculated pursuant to Section 220.240(a) of this Subpart;
2)
Collects gas from each area, cell, or group of cells in the landfill in which
the initial solid waste has been placed for a period of:
A)
5 years or more, if active; or
B)
2 years or more if closed or at final grade;
3)
Is designed to minimize off-site migration of subsurface gas;
22
4)
Routes all the collected gas to a control system that complies with the
requirements in Section 220.230 of this Subpart; and
5)
Collects and treats gas in accordance with the applicable requirements of
35 Ill. Adm. Code 800 through 849.
b)
Active Collection Systems:
1)
Active collection wells, horizontal collectors, surface collectors, or other
extraction devices shall be sited at a sufficient density throughout all gas
producing areas using the following procedures:
A)
The collection devices within the interior and along the perimeter
areas shall be designed to achieve comprehensive control of surface
gas emissions.
B)
The sites for gas collection devices, as determined in subsection
(b)(1)(A) of this Section, shall address landfill gas migration issues
and augmentation of the collection system through the use of active
or passive systems at the landfill perimeter or exterior.
C)
Collect gas at a sufficient extraction rate, as defined at Section
220.110 of this Part.
D)
The placement of gas collection devices determined in subsection
(b)(1)(A) of this Section shall control all gas producing areas,
except as provided by this subsection.
i)
Any segregated area of asbestos or nondegradable material
may be excluded from collection, if documented as provided
under Section 220.280(f)(3) of this Subpart. The
documentation shall provide the nature, date of deposition,
location and amount of asbestos or nondegradable material
deposited in the area, and shall be provided to the Agency
upon request.
ii)
Any nonproductive area of the landfill may be excluded
from control provided that the total of all excluded areas
can be shown to contribute less than 1 percent of the total
amount of NMOC emissions from the landfill. The amount,
location, and age of the material shall be documented and
provided to the Agency upon request. A separate NMOC
emissions estimate shall be made for each section proposed
for exclusion, and the sum of all such sections shall be
compared to the NMOC emissions estimate for the entire
23
landfill, as calculated pursuant to Section 220.260 of this
Subpart. Emissions from each section shall be computed
using the following equation:
where:
Q
i
=
NMOC emission rate from the i
th
section,
Mg/yr
k
=
methane generation rate constant, yr
-1
L
o
=
methane generation potential, m
3
per Mg
solid waste
M
i
=
mass of degradable solid waste in the i
th
section, Mg
t
i
=
age of the solid waste in the i
th
section, years
C
NMOC
=
concentration of NMOC, ppmv
3.6 x 10
-9
=
conversion factor
The values for k and C
NMOC
determined in field testing shall
be used, if field testing has been performed in determining
the NMOC emission rate or the radii of influence (the
distance from the well center to a point in the landfill where
the pressure gradient applied by the blower or compressor
approaches zero). If field testing has not been performed,
the default values for k, L
o
, and C
NMOC
provided in Section
220.260(a)(1) of this Subpart shall be used. The mass of
nondegradable solid waste contained within the given
section may be subtracted from the total mass of the section
when estimating emissions provided the nature, location,
age and amount of the nondegradable material is
documented.
2)
The gas collection devices shall be constructed using the following
equipment or procedures:
A)
The landfill gas extraction components shall be constructed of
polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe,
fiberglass, stainless steel, or other nonporous corrosion resistant
material of suitable dimensions to convey projected amounts of
gases; withstand installation, static, and settlement forces; and
withstand planned overburden or traffic loads. The collection
system shall extend as necessary to comply with emission and
i
o
i
kt
NMOC
-9
Q = 2kL M (e
)(C
)(3.6x
10 )
i
−
24
migration standards. Collection devices, such as wells and
horizontal collectors, shall be perforated to allow gas entry without
head loss sufficient to impair performance across the intended
extent of control. Perforations shall be situated with regard to the
need to prevent excessive air infiltration.
B)
Vertical wells shall be placed so as not to endanger underlying
liners and shall address the occurrence of water within the landfill.
Holes and trenches constructed for piped wells and horizontal
collectors shall be of sufficient cross-section so as to allow for their
proper construction and completion including, for example,
centering of pipes and placement of gravel backfill. Collection
devices shall be designed so as not to allow indirect short circuiting
of air into the cover or refuse into the collection system or gas into
the air. Any gravel used around pipe perforations should be of a
dimension so as not to penetrate or block perforations.
C)
Collection devices may be connected to the collection header pipes
below or above the landfill surface. The connector assembly shall
include a positive closing throttle valve, any necessary seals and
couplings, access couplings and at least one sampling port. The
collection devices shall be constructed of PVC, HDPE, fiberglass,
stainless steel, or other non porous material of suitable thickness.
3)
The landfill gas shall be conveyed to a gas control system through the
collection header pipe(s). The gas mover equipment shall be sized to
handle the maximum gas generation flow rate expected for the period of
intended use pursuant to Section 220.250(h) of this Subpart using the
following procedures:
A)
For existing gas collection systems, the flow data shall be used to
project the maximum flow rate. If no flow data exists, the
procedures in subsection (b)(3)(B) of this Section shall be used.
B)
For new gas collection systems, the maximum flow rate shall be in
accordance with Section 220.240(a) of this Subpart.
c)
Passive Collection Systems:
1)
A passive collection system shall be installed with liners on the bottom and
all sides in all areas in which gas is to be collected. The liners shall meet all
requirements specified in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 811.306.
2)
The collection and control system shall either conform with the
specifications for active collection systems in subsection (a) of this Section
25
or the owner or operator must obtain the Agency's approval for alternate
provisions as provided for in subsection (d) of this Section.
d)
Alternate Collection Systems:
An owner or operator seeking to install an alternate gas collection system shall
demonstrate to the Agency that such collection system is capable of capturing the
maximum expected gas flow rate from the entire area of the MSW landfill, for the
period required in Section 220.250(h) of this Subpart, as calculated pursuant to
Section 220.240(a) of this Subpart, and in an equivalent manner to that required by
this Section. Any alternate gas collection system must be approved by the Agency.
Such alternate shall be effective only when included in a federally enforceable
permit or approved as a SIP revision. The alternate shall include any alternate
procedures for collection, control, compliance, monitoring, operation, testing,
reporting, and recordkeeping that are appropriate.
e)
Alternate Emissions Standard:
Pursuant to Section 28.1 of the Act [415 ILCS 5/28.1], and in accordance with 35
Ill. Adm. Code 106, Subpart G, provisions for adjusted standards, adjusted
standards for alternate emissions standards or alternate emissions standards with an
alternate compliance schedule shall be granted by the Board, to the extent
consistent with federal law. An owner or operator seeking an alternate emissions
standard or an alternate emissions standard with an alternate compliance schedule
must demonstrate to the Board that with respect to the MSW landfill that the
control requirements meet one or more of the criteria listed below pursuant to 40
CFR 60.24(f). Any such request must be approved by the Board. Such alternate
shall be effective only when included in a federally enforceable permit or approved
as a SIP revision. Any alternate shall include any procedures for collection,
control, compliance, monitoring, operation, testing, reporting and recordkeeping
that are appropriate and a demonstration that the control requirements, as
contained in this Subpart, as they apply to the MSW landfill, meets one or more of
the following criteria:
1)
Unreasonable cost of control resulting from plant age, location, or basic
process design;
2)
Physical impossibility of installing necessary control equipment; or
26
3)
Other factors specific to the MSW landfill that support an alternate
emissions standard or alternate emissions standard with final compliance
date.
Section 220.230
Gas Control System Requirements
Each owner and operator of a MSW landfill subject to the control requirements of this Subpart
must install and operate a gas collection system that routes all the collected gas to a gas control
system that complies with the requirements in subsection (f) and either install a gas control
system, as described in either subsection (a), (b), or (c), of this Section, or obtain approval of and
install an alternate gas control system, pursuant to subsection (d) or (e) of this Section.
a)
An open flare designed and operated in accordance with 40 CFR 60.18,
incorporated by reference in Section 220.130 of this Part.
b)
A control system designed and operated to reduce NMOC by 98 weight-percent,
or, when an enclosed combustion device is used for control, to either reduce
NMOC by 98 weight-percent or reduce the outlet NMOC concentration to less
than 20 ppmv, dry basis as hexane at 3 percent oxygen. The reduction efficiency
or ppmv must be established by an initial performance test required pursuant to
Section 220.210(d)(2), using the test methods required under Section 220.260(d)
of this Subpart:
1)
If a boiler or process heater is used as the control device, the landfill gas
stream shall be introduced into the flame zone.
2)
The control device shall be operated within the parameter ranges
established during the initial or most recent performance test. The
operating parameters to be monitored are specified in Section 220.270 of
this Subpart. The initial performance test must be performed within 6
months of startup or within 39 months of the effective date of this Part,
whichever is later;
c)
A treatment system that processes the collected gas for subsequent sale or use. All
emissions from any atmospheric vent from the gas treatment system shall be
subject to the requirements of subsection (b) of this Section.
d)
An alternate gas control system approved by the Agency. An owner or operator
seeking to install an alternate gas control system shall demonstrate to the Agency
that such collection system is capable of control equivalent to subsection (b) of this
Section. Such alternate shall be effective only when included in a federally
enforceable permit or approved as a SIP revision. The alternate shall include any
alternate procedures for collection, control, compliance, monitoring, operation,
testing, reporting, and recordkeeping that are appropriate.
27
e)
Pursuant to Section 28.1 of the Act [415 ILCS 5/28.1], and in accordance with 35
Ill. Adm. Code 106, Subpart G, provisions for adjusted standards, adjusted
standards for alternate emissions standards or alternate emissions standards with an
alternate compliance schedule shall be granted by the Board, to the extent
consistent with federal law. An owner or operator seeking an alternate emissions
standard or an alternate emissions standard with an alternate compliance schedule
must demonstrate to the Board that with respect to the MSW landfill that the
control requirements meets one or more of the criteria listed below pursuant to 40
CFR 60.24(f). Any such request must be approved by the Board. Such alternate
shall be effective only when included in a federally enforceable permit or approved
as a SIP revision. Any alternate shall include any procedures for collection,
control, compliance, monitoring, operation, testing, reporting, and recordkeeping
that are appropriate and a demonstration that the control requirements as
contained in this Subpart, as they apply to the MSW landfill, meets one or more of
the following criteria:
1)
Unreasonable cost of control resulting from plant age, location, or basic
process design;
2)
Physical impossibility of installing necessary control equipment; or
3)
Other factors specific to the MSW landfill that support an alternate
emissions standard or alternate emissions standard with final compliance
date.
f)
Gas control systems must be operated in accordance with a permit issued pursuant
to the applicable requirements of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 800 through 849.
Section 220.240
Compliance Procedures for Gas Collection Systems
a)
The methods specified in subsections (a)(1) through (a)(6) of this Section shall be
used to determine whether the gas collection system is in compliance with Section
220.220 of this Subpart.
1)
To calculate the maximum expected gas generation flow rate from the
MSW landfill, one of the following equations shall be used. The k and L
o
kinetic factors shall be those published in the Compilation of Air Pollutant
Emission Factors, (AP-42) incorporated by reference in Section 220.130 of
this Part, or other site-specific emission factors approved by the Agency. If
k has been determined as specified in Section 220.260(a)(4) of this
Subpart, the value of k determined from the test shall be used. A value of
no more than 15 years shall be used for the intended use period of the gas
mover equipment, the variable t. The
28
active life of the landfill is the age of the landfill plus the estimated number
of years until closure.
A)
For sites with unknown year-to-year solid waste acceptance rate:
Q
m
= 2L
o
R(e
-kc
-e
-kt
)
where,
Q
m
=
maximum expected gas generation flow rate, m
3
/yr
L
o
=
methane generation potential, m
3
per Mg solid waste
R
=
average annual acceptance rate, Mg/yr
k
=
methane generation rate constant, yr
-1
t
=
age in years of the landfill at equipment installation
plus time the owner or operator intends to use the
gas mover equipment or active life of the landfill,
whichever is less. If the equipment is installed after
closure, t in years is the age of the landfill at
installation
c
=
time since closure, years (for an active landfill c = 0
and e
-kc
=1)
B)
For sites with known year-to-year solid waste acceptance rates
where,
Q
m
=
maximum expected gas generation flow rate, m
3
/yr
k
=
methane generation rate constant, yr
-1
L
o
=
methane generation potential, m
3
per Mg solid waste
M
i
=
mass of solid waste in the i
th
section, Mg
t
i
=
age of the i
th
section, yr
C)
If a collection and control system has been installed, actual flow
data may be used to project the maximum expected gas generation
flow rate instead of, or in conjunction with, the equations in
subsections (a)(1)(A) and (a)(1)(B) of this Section. If the landfill is
still accepting waste, the actual measured flow data will not equal
the maximum expected gas generation rate, so calculations made
using the equations in subsection (a)(1)(A) or (a)(1)(B) of this
Section or other methods shall be used to predict the maximum gas
m
i=1
n
o
i
-kt
Q =
2kL M (e
)
i
∑
29
generation rate over the intended period of use of the gas control
system equipment.
2)
For the purpose of determining the sufficient number of gas collectors, the
owner or operator shall design a system of vertical wells, horizontal
collectors, or other type of collection device, capable of controlling and
extracting gas from all portions of the landfill sufficient to meet the
operational and performance standards of Sections 220.220 through
220.250. Such design must be approved by the Agency as part of an air
construction permit or a CAAPP permit, if the gas collection system was
installed prior to the effective date of this Part.
3)
For the purpose of demonstrating whether the gas collection system flow
rate of an active collection system is sufficient, the owner or operator shall
measure gauge pressure in the gas collection header at each individual well
monthly. If positive pressure exists, action shall be initiated to correct the
exceedance within 5 calendar days, except for the three conditions allowed
under Section 220.250(b) of this Subpart. If negative pressure cannot be
achieved without excess air infiltration within 15 calendar days of the first
measurement, the gas collection system shall be expanded to correct the
exceedance within 120 days of the initial measurement of positive pressure.
Any attempted corrective measure must not cause exceedances of other
operational or performance standards. An alternate timeline for correcting
the exceedance may be submitted to the Agency for approval.
4)
Owners or operators are not required to expand the system, as required in
subsection (a)(3) of this Section, during the first 180 days after gas
collection system startup.
5)
For purposes of identifying whether excess air infiltration into the landfill is
occurring, the owner or operator shall monitor each well on a monthly
basis for temperature and nitrogen or oxygen, as provided in Section
220.250(c) of this Subpart. If a well exceeds one of these operating
parameters, action shall be initiated to correct the exceedance within 5
calendar days. If correction of the exceedance cannot be achieved within
15 calendar days of the first measurement, the gas collection system shall
be expanded to correct the exceedance within 120 days of the initial
exceedance. An alternate timeline for correcting the exceedance may be
submitted to the Agency for approval.
6)
An owner or operator using a collection system that does not conform to
the specifications provided in Section 220.220(b) or (c) of this Subpart
shall provide information satisfactory to the Agency, as specified in Section
220.220(d) of this Subpart, demonstrating that off-site migration is being
controlled.
30
b)
To comply with the operational standards in Section 220.250(a) of this Subpart,
each owner or operator of a controlled landfill shall install each well or design
component as specified in a construction permit issued by the Agency. Each well
shall be installed no later than 60 days after the date on which the initial solid waste
has been in place for a period of:
1)
5 years or more if active; or
2)
2 years or more if closed or at final grade.
c)
The following procedures shall be used for compliance with the surface methane
operational standard as provided in Section 220.250(d) of this Subpart.
1)
After installation of the collection system, the owner or operator shall
monitor surface concentrations of methane along the entire perimeter of the
collection area and along a pattern that traverses the landfill at 30-meter
intervals (or site-specific established spacing) for each collection area on a
quarterly basis using an organic vapor analyzer, flame ionization detector,
or other portable monitor meeting the specifications provided in subsection
(d) of this Section.
2)
The background concentration shall be determined by moving the probe
inlet upwind and downwind outside the boundary of the landfill at a
distance of at least 30 meters from the perimeter wells.
3)
Surface emission monitoring shall be performed in accordance with section
4.3.1 of Method 21 of Appendix A, 40 CFR 60, incorporated by reference
in Section 220.130 of this Part, except that the probe inlet shall be placed
within 5 to 10 cm of the ground. Monitoring shall be performed during
typical meteorological conditions.
4)
Any reading of 500 ppm or more above background at any location shall be
recorded as a monitored exceedance and the actions specified in
subsections (c)(4)(A) through (c)(4)(E) of this Section shall be taken. As
long as the actions specified below are taken, the exceedance is not a
violation of the operational requirements of Section 220.250(d) of this
Subpart.
A)
The location of each monitored exceedance shall be marked and the
location recorded.
B)
Cover maintenance or adjustments to the vacuum of the adjacent
wells to increase the gas collection in the vicinity of each
exceedance shall be made and the location shall be remonitored
31
within 10 calendar days of detecting the exceedance.
C)
If the remonitoring of the location shows a second exceedance,
additional corrective action shall be taken and the location shall be
monitored again within 10 days of the second exceedance. If the
remonitoring shows a third exceedance for the same location, the
action specified in subsection (c)(4)(E) of this Section shall be
taken. No further monitoring of that location is required until the
action specified in subsection (c)(4)(E) of this Section has been
taken.
D)
If the remonitoring of the location does not show an exceedance, as
specified by subsection (c)(4)(B) or (c)(4)(C), the location shall be
remonitored 1 month from the initial exceedance. If the 1 month
remonitoring shows a concentration less than 500 ppm above
background, no further monitoring of that location is required until
the next quarterly monitoring period. If the 1 month remonitoring
shows an exceedance, the actions specified in subsection (c)(4)(C)
or (c)(4)(E) of this Section, as appropriate, shall be taken.
E)
For any location where there are three monitored exceedances
within a quarterly period, a new well or other collection device shall
be installed within 120 calendar days of the initial exceedance. An
alternate remedy to the exceedance, such as upgrading the blower,
header pipes, or control device, and a corresponding timeline for
installation may be submitted to the Agency for approval.
5)
The owner or operator shall implement a program to monitor for cover
integrity and implement cover repairs as necessary on a monthly basis.
d)
The following instrumentation specifications and procedures for surface emission
monitoring devices apply to the monitoring required by subsection(c) of this
Section:
1)
The portable analyzer shall meet the instrument specifications provided in
Section 3, Method 21, Appendix A, 40 CFR 60, incorporated by reference
in Section 220.130 of this Part, except that methane shall replace all
references to VOC.
2)
The calibration gas shall be methane, diluted to a nominal concentration of
500 ppm in air.
3)
To meet the performance evaluation requirements in Section 3.1.3, Method
21, Appendix A, 40 CFR 60, incorporated by reference in Section 220.130
of this Part, the instrument evaluation procedures of Section 4.4 of Method
32
21, Appendix A, 40 CFR 60, incorporated by reference in Section 220.130
of this Part shall be used.
4)
The calibration procedures provided in Section 4.2, Method 21, Appendix
A, 40 CFR 60, incorporated by reference in Section 220.130 of this Part
shall be followed immediately before commencing a surface monitoring
survey.
e)
The MSW landfill owners or operators are required to comply with the provisions
of this Subpart apply at all times, except during periods of start-up, shutdown, or
malfunction, provided that the duration of start-up, shutdown, or malfunction must
not exceed 5 days for collection systems and must not exceed 1 hour for treatment
or control devices.
Section 220.250
Operational Standards for Collection and Control Systems
Each owner or operator of an MSW landfill with a gas collection and control system shall:
a)
Operate the collection system such that gas is collected from each area, cell, or
group of cells in the MSW landfill in which the initial solid waste has been in place
for:
1)
5 years or more if active; or
2)
2 years or more if closed or at final grade.
b)
Operate the collection system with negative pressure at each wellhead except
under the following conditions:
1)
A fire or increased well temperature. The owner or operator shall record
instances when positive pressure occurs in efforts to avoid a fire. These
records shall be submitted with the annual reports as provided in Section
220.280(e)(1) of this Subpart.
2)
Use of a geomembrane or synthetic cover. The owner or operator shall
develop pressure limits associated with such a cover and that must be
approved by the Agency.
33
3)
A decommissioned well. A well may experience a static positive pressure
after shut down to accommodate for declining flows. All design changes
shall be approved by the Agency.
c)
Operate each interior wellhead in the collection system with a landfill gas
temperature less than 55
N
C (131
N
F) and with either a nitrogen level less than 20
percent or an oxygen level less than 5 percent. The owner or operator may
establish a higher operating temperature, nitrogen, or oxygen value at a particular
well. A higher operating value demonstration that provides supporting data to
show that the elevated parameter does not cause fires or significantly inhibit
anaerobic decomposition by killing methagens must be approved by the Agency
before such higher operating value may be used. Operating values shall be
determined as follows:
1)
The nitrogen level shall be determined using Method 3C, Appendix A, 40
CFR 60, incorporated by reference in Section 220.130 of this Part.
2)
The oxygen level shall be determined by an oxygen meter using Method
3A, Appendix A, 40 CFR 60, incorporated by reference in Section 220.130
of this Part, except that:
A)
The span shall be set so that the regulatory limit is between 20 and
50 percent of the span;
B)
A data recorder is not required;
C)
Only two calibration gases are required, a zero and span, and
ambient air may be used as the span;
D)
A calibration error check is not required; and
E)
The allowable sample bias, zero drift, and calibration drift are plus
or minus 10 percent.
d)
Operate the collection system so that the methane concentration is less than 500
ppm above background at the surface of the landfill. To determine if this level is
exceeded, the owner or operator shall conduct surface testing around the perimeter
of the collection area and along a pattern that traverses the landfill at 30-meter
intervals and where visual observations indicate elevated concentrations of landfill
gas, such as distressed vegetation and cracks or seeps in the cover. An initial
surface monitoring design plan shall be developed and included as part of the
operating permit application (e.g., a CAAPP permit application) that includes a
topographical map with the monitoring route and the rationale for any site-specific
deviations from the 30-meter intervals. Areas with steep slopes or other
dangerous areas may be excluded from the surface testing. The monitoring plan
34
shall be updated as necessary. Updated copies must be sent to the Agency and kept
on-site at the MSW landfill.
e)
Operate the gas collection and control system such that all collected gases are
vented to a control system designed and operated in compliance with Sections
220.230, 220.250, and 220.270 of this Subpart. In the event the collection or
control system is inoperable, the gas mover system shall be shut down and all
valves in the collection and control system contributing to venting of the gas to the
atmosphere shall be closed within 1 hour.
f)
Operate the gas collection and control or treatment system at all times, except
during shutdown, or malfunction, provided that the duration of start-up, shutdown,
or malfunction must not exceed 5 days for collection systems and must not exceed
1 hour for treatment or control devices.
g)
If monitoring demonstrates that the operational requirement in subsection (b), (c),
or (d) of this Section are not met, take corrective action as specified in Section
220.240(a)(3), (a)(5), or (c)(4) of this Subpart. If such corrective actions are
taken as specified in Section 220.240(a)(3), (a)(5), or (c)(4) of this Subpart, the
monitored exceedance is not a violation of the operational requirements in this
Section.
h)
The collection and control system may be capped or removed provided:
1)
The landfill is no longer accepting solid waste;
2)
A system removal report has been submitted to the Agency, as provided in
Section 220.280(d) of this Subpart;
3)
The collection and control system has been operating a minimum of 15
years;
4)
The calculated NMOC gas produced by the landfill is less than 50 Mg/yr on
three successive test dates, pursuant to the procedures specified in Section
220.260(b) of this Subpart. The test dates shall be no less than 90 days
apart, and no more than 180 days apart; and
5)
The system is not required to satisfy any applicable requirement of 35 Ill.
Adm. Code 800 through 849.
Section 220.260
Test Methods and Procedures
a)
The landfill owner or operator shall calculate the NMOC emission rate using either
the equation provided in either subsection (a)(1)(A) or subsection (a)(1)(B) of this
Section and make a determination that the emission rate is less than 50 Mg/yr
35
pursuant, to subsection (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(4), or (e), or install a gas collection and
control system pursuant to Sections 220.220 and 220.230 of this Subpart.
However, both equations may be used if the actual year-to-year solid waste
acceptance rate is known pursuant to subsection (a)(1)(A) of this Section, for part
of the life of the landfill and the actual year-to year solid waste acceptance rate is
unknown, pursuant to subsection (a)(1)((B) of this Section, for part of the life of
the landfill. If the NMOC emission rate calculated in this subsection is less than 50
Mg/yr, then the landfill owner shall submit an emission rate report as provided in
Section 220.280(b) of this Subpart, and shall recalculate the NMOC mass emission
rate as required under Section 220.210(c) of this Subpart.
1)
The values to be used in both equations are 0.05/yr for k, 170 m
3
per Mg
for L
o
, and 4,000 ppmv as hexane for the C
NMOC
.
A)
The following equation shall be used if the actual year-to-year solid
waste acceptance rate is known.
where:
M
NMOC
=
Total NMOC emission rate from the landfill, Mg/yr
k
=
methane generation rate constant, yr
-1
L
o
=
methane generation potential, m
3
per Mg solid waste
M
i
=
mass of solid waste in the i
th
section, Mg
t
i
=
age of the solid waste in the i
th
section, years
C
NMOC
=
concentration of NMOC, ppmv as hexane
3.6 x 10
-9
=
conversion factor
The mass of nondegradable solid waste may be subtracted from the
total mass of solid waste in a particular section of the landfill when
calculating the value for M
i
if documentation of the nature and
amount of such wastes is maintained.
B)
The following equation shall be used if the actual year-to-year solid
waste acceptance rate is unknown.
M
NMOC
= 2L
o
R(e
-kc
- e
-kt
)(C
NMOC
)(3.6 x 10
-9
)
where:
M
NMOC
=
Total NMOC emission rate from the landfill, Mg/yr
L
o
=
methane generation potential, m
3
per Mg solid waste
NMOC
i=1
n
o
i
-kt
NMOC
-9
M
=
2kL M (e
)(C
)(3.6x
10 )
i
∑
36
R
=
average annual acceptance rate, Mg/yr
k
=
methane generation rate constant, year
-l
t
=
age of landfill, years
C
NMOC
=
concentration of NMOC, ppmv as hexane
c
=
time since closure, years. For active landfill c = 0
and e
-kc
= 1
3.6 x 10
-9
=
conversion factor
The mass of nondegradable solid waste may be subtracted from the
average annual acceptance rate when calculating a value for R, if
documentation of the nature and amount of such wastes is
maintained.
2)
Tier 1. The landfill owner or operator shall calculate the NMOC mass
emission rate using the equations provided in subsection (a)(1)(A) or
(a)(1)(B) of this Section. The owner or operator shall compare the
calculated NMOC mass emission rate to the standard of 50 Mg/yr using the
default values for the NMOC mass emission rate and the methane
generation rate constant.
3)
Tier 2. The landfill owner or operator shall calculate the NMOC mass
emission rate using the equations provided in subsection (a)(1)(A) or
(a)(1)(B) of this Section using the average NMOC concentration from the
collected samples instead of the default value in the equations provided in
subsection (a)(1) of this Section. The landfill owner or operator shall
determine the NMOC concentration using the following sampling
procedure: The landfill owner or operator shall install at least 2 sample
probes per hectare of landfill surface that has retained waste for at least 2
years. If the landfill is larger than 25 hectares in area, only 50 samples are
required. The sample probes should be located to avoid known areas of
nondegradable solid waste. The owner or operator shall collect and
analyze one sample of landfill gas from each probe to determine the NMOC
concentration using Method 25C or Method 18 of Appendix A, 40 CFR
60, incorporated by reference in Section 220.130 of this Part. If using
Method 18, the minimum list of compounds to be tested shall be those
published in the Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42),
incorporated by reference in Section 220.130 of this Part. If composite
sampling is used, equal volumes shall be taken from each sample probe. If
more than the required number of samples are taken, all samples shall be
used in the analysis. Divide the NMOC concentration from Method 25C
by 6 to convert from C
NMOC
as carbon to C
NMOC
as hexane. The owner or
operator shall retest the site-specific NMOC concentration every 5 years
using the methods specified in this Section
4)
Tier 3. The landfill owner or operator shall estimate the NMOC mass
37
emission rate using equations in subsection (a)(1)(A) or (a)(1)(B) of this
Section and using a site-specific methane generation rate constant k, and
the site-specific NMOC concentration as determined in subsection (a)(3) of
this Section instead of the default values provided in subsection (a)(1) of
this Section. The site-specific methane generation rate constant shall be
determined using the procedures provided in Method 2E, Appendix A, 40
CFR 60, incorporated by reference in Section 220.130 of this Part. The
calculation of the methane generation rate constant is performed only once,
and the value obtained is used in all subsequent annual NMOC emission
rate calculations. In addition, pursuant to subsection (a)(3) of this Section,
the owner or operator shall retest the site-specific NMOC concentration
every 5 years using the methods specified in that subsection.
b)
After the installation of a collection and control system in compliance with
Sections 220.220 and 220.230 of this Subpart, the owner or operator shall
calculate the NMOC emission rate for purposes of determining when the system
can be removed as provided in Section 220.250(h) of this Subpart, using the
following equation:
M
NMOC
=
1.89 x 10
-3
Q
LFG
C
NMOC
where:
M
NMOC
=
mass emission rate of NMOC (Mg/yr)
Q
LFG
=
flow rate of landfill gas,(m
3
/minute)
C
NMOC
=
NMOC concentration, (ppmv as hexane)
1)
The flow rate of landfill gas (Q
LFG
) shall be determined by measuring the
total landfill gas flow rate at the common header pipe that leads to the
control device using a gas flow measuring device calibrated according to
the provisions of Section 4 of Method 2E, Appendix A, 40 CFR 60,
incorporated by reference in Section 220.130 of this Part.
2)
The average NMOC concentration (C
NMOC
) shall be determined by
collecting and analyzing landfill gas sampled from the common header pipe
before the gas moving or condensate removal equipment using the
procedures in Method 25C or Method 18, Appendix A, 40 CFR 60,
incorporated by reference in Section 220.130 of this Part. If using Method
18, the minimum list of compounds to be tested shall be those published in
the Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42), incorporated
by reference in Section 220.130 of this Part. The sample location on the
common header pipe shall be before any condensate removal or other gas
refining units. The landfill owner or operator shall divide the NMOC
concentration from Method 25C by 6 to convert C
NMOC
as carbon to C
NMOC
as hexane.
38
c)
If the gas collection system complies with the provisions in Section 220.220 of this
Subpart and is already installed, the owner or operator shall estimate the NMOC
emission rate using the procedures provided in subsection (b) of this Section. For
areas of the landfill where the owner or operator has not been required to install a
well yet, he/she may select an appropriate method from subsection (a) of this
Section to estimate emissions.
d)
For the performance test required in Section 220.210(d)(2) of this Subpart,
Method 25C or Method 18, Appendix A, 40 CFR 60, incorporated by reference in
Section 220.130 of this Part, shall be used to determine compliance with 98
weight-percent efficiency or the 20 ppmv outlet concentration level, unless another
method to demonstrate compliance has been approved by the Agency as provided
by Section 220.230(d) of this Subpart. If using Method 18, the minimum list of
compounds to be tested shall be those published in the Compilation of Air
Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42), incorporated by reference in Section 220.130
of this Part. The following equation shall be used to calculate efficiency:
Control efficiency = (NMOC
in
- NMOC
out
)/(NMOC
in
)
where,
NMOC
in
=
mass of NMOC entering control device
NMOC
out
=
mass of NMOC exiting control device
e)
The owner or operator may use other methods to determine the NMOC
concentration, site-specific k, or landfill gas flow rate, as an alternate to the
methods required in subsection (a)(3) and (a)(4) of this Section, if the method has
been approved by the Agency, as provided for in Section 220.220(d) or Section
220.230(d) of this Subpart.
f)
The owner or operator may use the procedures described in AP-42, Compilation
of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, incorporated by reference in Section 220.130 of
this Part to estimate emissions pursuant to the annual emission report required in
35 Ill. Adm. Code 210.302(a). The most recent values for k, l
o
, and NMOC
concentration reported in AP-42 shall be used to calculate emissions. To
determine applicability of or compliance with the requirements of this Part, the
owner or operator must use the tiered emission estimates a provided in subsections
(a)(1) through (a)(4) of this Section.
g)
Testing:
1)
Upon a request by the Agency, the owner or operator of a MSW landfill
shall at his own expense demonstrate compliance with the applicable
requirements of this Subpart using the appropriate test method.
39
2)
An owner or operator planning to conduct a performance test to
demonstrate compliance with this Subpart shall notify the Agency of that
intent not less than 30 days before the planned initiation of the tests so that
the Agency may observe the test.
Section 220.270
Monitoring of Operations
a)
Active gas collection systems. Each owner or operator of an active gas collection
system shall install a sampling port and a thermometer, other temperature
measuring device, or an access port for temperature measurements at each
wellhead and:
1)
Measure the gauge pressure in the gas collection header on a monthly
basis, as provided in Section 220.240(a)(3) of this Subpart; and
2)
Monitor the temperature, and nitrogen or oxygen concentration in the
landfill gas on a monthly basis, as provided in Section 220.240(a)(5) of this
Subpart.
b)
Enclosed combustors. Each owner or operator of an enclosed combustor shall
calibrate, maintain, and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications, the
following equipment:
1)
A temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder and
having a minimum accuracy of plus or minus 1 percent of the temperature
being measured, expressed in degrees Celsius, or plus or minus 0.5EC,
whichever is greater. A temperature monitoring device is not required for
boilers or process heaters with design heat input capacity greater than 44
MW.
2)
A device that records flow to or bypass of the control device. The owner
or operator shall either:
40
A)
Install, calibrate, and maintain a gas flow rate measuring device that
shall record the flow to the control device every 15 minutes; or
B)
Secure the bypass line valve in the closed position with a car-seal or
a lock-and-key type configuration. A visual inspection of the seal
or closure mechanism shall be performed at least once every month
to ensure that the valve is maintained in the closed position and that
the gas flow is not diverted through the bypass line.
c)
Open flare. Each owner or operator of an open flare shall install, calibrate,
maintain, and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications the following
equipment:
1)
A heat sensing device, such as an ultraviolet beam sensor or thermocouple,
at the pilot light or the flame itself to indicate the continuous presence of a
flame.
2)
A device that records flow to or bypass of the flare. The owner or
operator shall either:
A)
Install, calibrate, and maintain a gas flow rate measuring device that
shall record the flow to the control device at least every 15 minutes;
or
B)
Secure the bypass line valve in the closed position with a car-seal or
lock-and-key type configuration. A visual inspection of the seal or
closure mechanism shall be performed at least once every month to
ensure that the valve is maintained in the closed position and that
the gas flow is not diverted through the bypass line.
d)
Each owner or operator seeking to install a collection or control system that does
not meet the specifications in Sections 220.220(b) or (c) of this Subpart, shall
provide information satisfactory to the Agency as provided in Sections 220.220(d)
and 220.230(d) of this Subpart, describing the design and operation of the
collection system, the operating parameters that would indicate proper
performance, and appropriate monitoring procedures.
e)
Each owner or operator shall monitor surface concentrations of methane according
to the instrument specifications and procedures provided in Sections 220.240(c)
and (d) of this Subpart. Any closed landfill that has no monitored exceedances of
the operational standard in three consecutive quarterly monitoring periods may
resume to annual monitoring. Any methane reading of 500 ppm or more above the
background detected during the annual monitoring returns the frequency for that
landfill to quarterly monitoring.
41
Section 220.280
Reporting Requirements
a)
Each owner and operator shall submit a design capacity report to the Agency.
1)
The initial design capacity report shall be submitted no later than 90 days
after the effective date of this Part.
2)
The initial design capacity report shall contain the following information:
A)
A map or plot of the landfill providing the size and location of the
landfill and identifying all areas where solid waste may be landfilled
according to the provisions of the State or RCRA construction or
operating permit.
B)
The maximum design capacity of the landfill. If the maximum
design capacity is specified in a State construction or RCRA permit,
a copy of the permit specifying the maximum design capacity of the
landfill shall be provided. If the maximum design capacity of the
landfill is not specified in a permit, the maximum design capacity
shall be calculated using good engineering practices. The
calculations shall be provided, along with the relevant parameters,
e.g. depth of solid waste, solid waste acceptance rate, and
compaction practices, as applicable, as part of the report. The
Agency may request other reasonable information as may be
necessary to verify the maximum design capacity of the landfill.
3)
An amended design capacity report shall be submitted to the Agency
providing notification of an increase in the design capacity of the landfill
within 90 days of an increase in the maximum design capacity of the landfill
to or above 2.5 million Mg and 2.5 million m
3
. This increase in design
capacity may result from an increase in the permitted volume or an increase
in the density of the landfill as documented in the annual recalculation
required in Section 220.290 (f) of this Subpart.
b)
Each owner and operator with a total design capacity equal to or greater than of
2.5 million Mg and 2.5 million m
3
shall submit an NMOC emission rate report to
the Agency initially and by June 1 thereafter, except as provided for in subsections
(b)(1) and (b)(4) of this Section. The Agency may request such additional
information as may be necessary to verify the reported NMOC emission rate. The
NMOC emission rate report shall contain an annual or 5-year estimate of the
NMOC emission rate calculated using the formula and procedures in Section
220.260(a) of this Subpart, as applicable. The annual
42
NMOC emission rate report required by this subsection must be submitted with the
annual emissions report required pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 201.302(a).
1)
The initial NMOC emission rate report may be combined with the initial
design capacity report required in subsection (a) of this Section. The first
NMOC emission report shall be filed with the Agency within 90 days of the
effective date of this Part. Subsequent NMOC emission reports shall be
filed with the Agency by June 1 of the subsequent year, except as provided
for in subsection (b)(2) of this Section.
2)
Using Tier 1, if the estimated NMOC emission rate as reported in the
annual report to the Agency is less than 50 Mg/yr in each of the next 5
consecutive years, the owner or operator may elect to submit an estimate
of the NMOC emission rate for the next 5-year period in lieu of the annual
report. This estimate shall include the current amount of solid waste-in-
place and the estimated waste acceptance rate for each year of the 5 years
for which an NMOC emission rate is estimated. All data and calculations
upon which this estimate is based shall be provided to the Agency. This
estimate shall be revised at least once every 5 years. If the actual waste
acceptance rate exceeds the estimated waste acceptance rate in any year
reported in the 5-year estimate, a revised 5-year estimate shall be submitted
to the Agency. The revised estimate shall cover the 5-year period
beginning with the year in which the actual waste acceptance rate exceeded
the estimated waste acceptance rate.
3)
The NMOC emission rate report shall include all the data, calculations,
sample reports and measurements used to estimate the annual or 5-year
emissions.
4)
All owners and operators of MSW landfills with a total design capacity of
2.5 million Mg and 2.5 million m
3
are required to submit an annual
emissions report pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 201.302(a).
MSW landfills
that have installed a gas collection and control system that meets the
requirements of this Subpart are not required to submit an annual NMOC
emission rate report but are required to submit an annual emissions report
pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 201.302(a). Further owners or operators
filing a 5-year estimate of NMOC emissions pursuant to subsection (b)(2)
of this Section may use a 5-year estimate for NMOC, so long as they file an
annual emission report and meet the requirements of subsection (b)(2) of
this Section.
c)
Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of Section 220.220(a) of this
Subpart shall submit an application for a construction permit containing the
information listed in subsection (c)(3) of this Section to the Agency within 1
43
year of the first report, required under subsection (b) of this Section, in which the
emission rate exceeds 50 Mg/yr, except as follows:
1)
If the owner or operator elects to recalculate the NMOC emission rate
after Tier 2 NMOC sampling and analysis as provided in Section
220.260(a)(3) of this Subpart and the resulting rate is less than 50 Mg/yr,
annual periodic reporting shall be resumed, using the Tier 2 determined
site-specific NMOC concentration, until the calculated emission rate is
equal to or greater than 50 Mg/yr or the landfill is closed. The revised
NMOC emission rate report, with the recalculated emission rate based on
NMOC sampling and analysis, shall be submitted within 1 year of the first
calculated exceedance of 50 Mg/yr.
2)
If the owner or operator elects to recalculate the NMOC emission rate
after determining a site-specific methane generation rate constant (k), as
provided in Tier 3 in Section of 220.260(a)(4) of this Subpart, and the
resulting emission rate is less than 50 Mg/yr, annual periodic reporting shall
be resumed. The resulting site-specific methane generation rate constant
(k) shall be used in the emission rate calculation until such time as the
emissions rate calculation results in an exceedance. The revised NMOC
emission rate report based on the provisions of Section 220.260(a)(4) of
this Subpart and the resulting site-specific methane generation rate constant
(k) shall be submitted to the Agency within 1 year of the first calculated
emission rate exceeding 50 Mg/yr.
3)
In addition to the information required by 35 Ill. Adm. Code 201.152, the
following shall be included in the construction permit application for the
collection system required pursuant to Section 220.280(c) of this Subpart:
depths of refuse, refuse gas generation rates and flow characteristics, cover
properties, gas system expandibility, leachate and condensate management,
accessibility, compatibility with filling operations, integration with closed
landfill end use, air intrusion control, corrosion resistance, fill settlement,
and resistance to the refuse decomposition heat.
d)
Each owner or operator of a controlled landfill shall submit the information
required below to the Agency 30 days prior to removal or cessation of operation
of the control equipment. The Agency may request such additional information as
may be necessary to verify that all of the conditions for removal of equipment in
accordance with Section 220.250(h) of this Subpart have been met.
1)
Certification that the operation of the collection and control system is no
longer required pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 800 through 849;
44
2)
Documentation demonstrating that the 15-year minimum control period has
expired; and
3)
Dated copies of the 3 successive NMOC emission rate reports, as provided
for in Section 220.250(h) of this Subpart, demonstrating that the landfill is
no longer producing 50 Mg/yr or greater of NMOC/yr, pursuant to Section
220.260(b) of this Section.
e)
Each owner or operator of a landfill shall submit to the Agency annual reports of
the recorded information in subsections (e)(1) through (e)(6) of this Section. The
initial annual report shall be submitted within 180 days of installation and start-up
of the collection and control system, and may be included with the report of the
initial performance test required pursuant to Section 220.210(d)(2) of this Subpart.
For enclosed combustion devices and flares, reportable exceedances are defined
under Section 220.290(c) of this Subpart.
1)
Value and length of time for exceedance of applicable parameters
monitored under Section 220.270(a), (b), (c), and (d) of this Subpart.
2)
Description and duration of all periods when the gas stream is diverted
from the control device through a bypass line or the indication of bypass
flow as specified under Section 220.270 of this Subpart.
3)
Description and duration of all periods when the control device was not
operating for a period exceeding 1 hour and length of time the control
device was not operating.
4)
All periods when the collection system was not operating in excess of 5
days.
5)
The location of each exceedance of the 500 ppm methane concentration,
as provided in Section 220.250(d) of this Subpart, and the concentration
recorded at each location for which an exceedance was recorded in the
previous month.
6)
The date of installation and the location of each well or collection system
expansion added pursuant to subsections (a)(3), (b), and (c)(4) of Section
220.240 of this Subpart.
f)
Each owner or operator shall include the following information with the initial
performance test report and any subsequent performance tests required pursuant to
Section 220.210(d)(2) of this Subpart.
45
1)
A diagram of the collection system showing collection system positioning
including all wells, horizontal collectors, surface collectors, or other gas
extraction devices, including the locations of any areas excluded from
collection and the proposed sites for the future collection system
expansion;
2)
The data upon which the sufficient density of wells, horizontal collectors,
surface collectors, or other gas extraction devices and the gas mover
equipment sizing are based;
3)
The documentation of the presence of asbestos or nondegradable material
for each area from which collection wells have been excluded based on the
presence of asbestos or nondegradable material;
4)
The sum of gas generation flow rates for all areas from which collection
wells have been excluded based on nonproductivity and the calculations of
gas generation flow rate for each excluded area;
5)
Provisions for increasing gas mover equipment capacity with increased gas
generation flow rate, if the present gas mover equipment is inadequate to
move the maximum flow rate expected over the life of the landfill; and
6)
The provisions for the control of off-site migration of gas.
Section 220.290
Recordkeeping Requirements
Each owner or operator of an MSW landfill shall keep for at least 5 years, unless another time
period is specified, up-to-date, readily accessible, on-site records of the following:
a)
For the life of the landfill the design capacity report in which the landfill became
equal to or greater than 2.5 million Mg and 2.5 million m
3
, the current amount of
solid waste in-place, and the year-by-year waste acceptance rate. Off-site records
may be maintained if they are retrievable within 4 hours. Either paper copy or
electronic formats are acceptable.
b)
For the life of the control equipment, the data listed in subsections (b)(1) through
(b)(4) of this Section as measured during the initial performance test or compliance
determination. Records of the control device vendor specifications shall be
maintained until removal.
1)
Active collection systems:
A)
The maximum expected gas generation flow rate as calculated in
Section 220.240(a) of this Subpart. The owner or operator may
use another method to determine the maximum gas generation flow
46
rate, if the method has been approved by the Agency.
B)
The density of wells, horizontal collectors, surface collectors, or
other gas extraction devices determined using the procedures
specified in Section 220.220(b)(1)(A) of this Subpart.
2)
Enclosed combustion device other than a boiler or process heater with a
design heat input capacity greater 44 MW:
A)
The average combustion temperature measured at least every 15
minutes and averaged over the same time period of the performance
test.
B)
The percent reduction of NMOC determined as specified in Section
220.230(b) of this Subpart achieved by the control device.
3)
Boilers or process heaters of any size: a description of the location at which
the collected gas vent stream is introduced into the boiler or process heater
over the same time period of the performance testing.
4)
Open flare: the flare type (i.e., steam-assisted, air-assisted, or nonassisted),
all visible emission readings, heat content determination, flow rate or
bypass flow rate measurements, and exit velocity determinations made
during the performance test as specified in 40 CFR 60.18, incorporated by
reference in Section 220.130 of this Part; continuous records of the flare
pilot flame or flare flame monitoring and records of all periods of
operations during which the pilot flame of the flare flame is absent.
c)
Continuous records of the equipment operating parameters specified to be
monitored in Section 220.270 of this Subpart as well as up-to-date, readily
accessible records for periods of operation during which the parameter boundaries
established during the most recent performance test are exceeded.
1)
The following constitute exceedances that shall be recorded and reported
under Section 220.280(e) of this Subpart:
A)
For enclosed combustors, except for boilers and process heaters
with design heat input of 44 MW (150 mmbtu/hr) or greater, all 3-
hour periods of operation during which the average combustion
temperature was more than 28EC (82EF) below the average
combustion temperature during the most recent performance test
47
at which compliance with Section 220.230(b) of this Subpart was
determined.
B)
For boilers or process heaters, whenever there is a change in the
location at which the vent stream is introduced into the flame zone,
as required pursuant to subsection (b)(2)(A) of this Section.
2)
Continuous records of the indication of flow to the control device or the
indication of bypass flow or records of monthly inspections of car-seals or
lock-and-key configurations used to seal bypass lines, specified pursuant to
Section 220.270 of this Subpart.
3)
For boilers or process heaters with a design heat input capacity of 44 MW
or greater. Records of all periods of operation of boiler or process heater.
(Examples of such records include records of steam use, fuel use, or
monitoring data collected pursuant to State, local, or federal regulatory
requirements.)
4)
For open flares. Records of the flame or flare pilot flame monitoring
specified under Section 220.270(c) of this Subpart, and all periods of
operation in which the flame or flare pilot flame is absent.
d)
For the life of the collection system, a plot map showing each existing and planned
collector in the system and providing a unique identification location label for each
collector, including:
1)
The location of all newly installed collectors as specified under Section
220.240(b) of this Part.
2)
The nature, date of deposition, amount, and location of asbestos-containing
or nondegradable waste excluded from collection, as provided in Section
220.220(b)(1)(D)(i) of this Subpart, as well as any nonproductive areas
excluded from collection, as provided in Section 220.220(b)(1)(D)(ii) of
this Subpart.
e)
All collection and control system exceedances of the operational standards in
Section 220.250 of this Subpart, the reading the subsequent month whether or not
the second reading is an exceedance, and the location of each exceedance.
f) Owners or operators who convert design capacity from volume to mass or mass to
volume to demonstrate that landfill design capacity is less than 2.5 million Mg or
2.5 million m
3
, as provided in the definition of "design capacity", shall keep records
of the annual recalculation of site-specific density, design capacity, and the
supporting documentation.
48
IT IS SO ORDERED.
I, Dorothy M. Gunn, Clerk of the Illinois Pollution Control Board, hereby certify that the
above opinion and order was adopted on the 19th day of March 1998, by a vote of 7-0.
Dorothy M. Gunn, Clerk
Illinois Pollution Control Board
