ILLINOIS POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
January 4, 2001
IN THE MATTER OF:
)
)
SDWA UPDATE, USEPA AMENDMENTS
)
R01-7
(January 1, 2000, through June 30, 2000)
)
(Identical-in-Substance Rulemaking -
)
Public Water Supplies)
Adopted Rule. Final Order.
ORDER OF THE BOARD (by R.C. Flemal):
Under Sections 7.2 and 17.5 of the Environmental Protection Act (Act) (415 ILCS 5/7.2
and 17.5 (1998)), the Board today adopts amendments to the Illinois regulations that are “identical
in substance” to drinking water regulations that the United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) adopted to implement Sections 1412(b), 1414(c), 1417(a), and 1445(a) of the federal
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) (42 U.S.C. §§ 300g-1(a), 300g-3(c), 300g-6(a), and 300j-4(a)
(1998)). The nominal timeframe of this docket includes federal SDWA amendments that USEPA
adopted in the period January 1, 2000, through June 30, 2000.
Sections 7.2 and 17.5 provide for quick adoption of regulations that are identical in
substance to federal regulations that USEPA adopts to implement Sections 1412(b), 1414(c),
1417(a), and 1445(a) of the federal Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) (42 U.S.C. §§ 300g-1(a),
300g-3(c), 300g-6(a), and 300j-4(a) (1998)). Section 17.5 also provides that Title VII of the Act
and Section 5 of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) (5 ILCS 100/5-35 and 5-40 (1998)) do
not apply to the Board’s adoption of identical-in-substance regulations. The federal SDWA
regulations are found at 40 C.F.R. 141 through 143.
This order is supported by an opinion that the Board also adopts today. The Board will
promptly file the amendments with the Secretary of State and submit Notice of Adopted
Amendments for publication in the
Illinois Register
. The complete text of the adopted
amendments follows.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
I, Dorothy M. Gunn, Clerk of the Illinois Pollution Control Board, do hereby certify that the
above order was adopted on the 4th day of January 2001 by a vote of 7-0.
Dorothy M. Gunn, Clerk
Illinois Pollution Control Board
2
TITLE 35: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
SUBTITLE F: PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES
CHAPTER I: POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
PART 611
PRIMARY DRINKING WATER STANDARDS
SUBPART A: GENERAL
Section
611.100
Purpose, Scope and Applicability
611.101
Definitions
611.102
Incorporations by Reference
611.103
Severability
611.107
Agency Inspection of PWS Facilities
611.108
Delegation to Local Government
611.109
Enforcement
611.110
Special Exception Permits
611.111
Relief Equivalent to SDWA Section 1415(a) Variances
611.112
Relief Equivalent to SDWA Section 1416 Exemptions
611.113
Alternative Treatment Techniques
611.114
Siting requirements
611.115
Source Water Quantity
611.120
Effective dates
611.121
Maximum Contaminant Levels and Finished Water Quality
611.125
Fluoridation Requirement
611.126
Prohibition on Use of Lead
611.130
Special Requirements for Certain Variances and Adjusted Standards
611.131
Relief Equivalent to SDWA Section 1415(e) Small System Variance
611.160
Composite Correction Program
SUBPART B: FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION
Section
611.201
Requiring a Demonstration
611.202
Procedures for Agency Determinations
611.211
Filtration Required
611.212
Groundwater under Direct Influence of Surface Water
611.213
No Method of HPC Analysis
611.220
General Requirements
611.230
Filtration Effective Dates
611.231
Source Water Quality Conditions
611.232
Site-specific Conditions
611.233
Treatment Technique Violations
611.240
Disinfection
611.241
Unfiltered PWSs
611.242
Filtered PWSs
611.250
Filtration
3
611.261
Unfiltered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping
611.262
Filtered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping
611.271
Protection during Repair Work
611.272
Disinfection following Repair
SUBPART C: USE OF NON-CENTRALIZED TREATMENT DEVICES
Section
611.280
Point-of-Entry Devices
611.290
Use of Point-of-Use Devices or Bottled Water
SUBPART D: TREATMENT TECHNIQUES
Section
611.295
General Requirements
611.296
Acrylamide and Epichlorohydrin
611.297
Corrosion Control
SUBPART F: MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS (MCLs) AND MAXIMUM
RESIDUAL DISINFECTANT LEVELS (MRDLs)
Section
611.300
Old MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals
611.301
Revised MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals
611.310
Old Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for Organic Chemicals
611.311
Revised MCLs for Organic Contaminants
611.312
Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs)
611.313
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Levels (MRDLs)
611.320
Turbidity
611.325
Microbiological Contaminants
611.330
Radium and Gross Alpha Particle Activity
611.331
Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity
SUBPART G: LEAD AND COPPER
Section
611.350
General Requirements
611.351
Applicability of Corrosion Control
611.352
Corrosion Control Treatment
611.353
Source Water Treatment
611.354
Lead Service Line Replacement
611.355
Public Education and Supplemental Monitoring
611.356
Tap Water Monitoring for Lead and Copper
611.357
Monitoring for Water Quality Parameters
611.358
Monitoring for Lead and Copper in Source Water
611.359
Analytical Methods
611.360
Reporting
611.361
Recordkeeping
4
SUBPART I: DISINFECTANT RESIDUALS, DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS,
AND DISINFECTION BYPRODUCT PRECURSORS
Section
611.380
General Requirements
611.381
Analytical Requirements
611.382
Monitoring Requirements
611.383
Compliance Requirements
611.384
Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements
611.385
Treatment Technique for Control of Disinfection Byproduct (DBP) Precursors
SUBPART K: GENERAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.480
Alternative Analytical Techniques
611.490
Certified Laboratories
611.491
Laboratory Testing Equipment
611.500
Consecutive PWSs
611.510
Special Monitoring for Unregulated Contaminants
SUBPART L: MICROBIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.521
Routine Coliform Monitoring
611.522
Repeat Coliform Monitoring
611.523
Invalidation of Total Coliform Samples
611.524
Sanitary Surveys
611.525
Fecal Coliform and E. Coli Testing
611.526
Analytical Methodology
611.527
Response to Violation
611.531
Analytical Requirements
611.532
Unfiltered PWSs
611.533
Filtered PWSs
SUBPART M: TURBIDITY MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.560
Turbidity
SUBPART N: INORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.591
Violation of State MCL
611.592
Frequency of State Monitoring
611.600
Applicability
611.601
Monitoring Frequency
611.602
Asbestos Monitoring Frequency
5
611.603
Inorganic Monitoring Frequency
611.604
Nitrate Monitoring
611.605
Nitrite Monitoring
611.606
Confirmation Samples
611.607
More Frequent Monitoring and Confirmation Sampling
611.608
Additional Optional Monitoring
611.609
Determining Compliance
611.610
Inorganic Monitoring Times
611.611
Inorganic Analysis
611.612
Monitoring Requirements for Old Inorganic MCLs
611.630
Special Monitoring for Sodium
611.631
Special Monitoring for Inorganic Chemicals
SUBPART O: ORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.640
Definitions
611.641
Old MCLs
611.645
Analytical Methods for Organic Chemical Contaminants
611.646
Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V Volatile Organic Contaminants
611.647
Sampling for Phase I Volatile Organic Contaminants (Repealed)
611.648
Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V Synthetic Organic Contaminants
611.650
Monitoring for 36 Contaminants (Repealed)
611.657
Analytical Methods for 36 Contaminants (Repealed)
611.658
Special Monitoring for Organic Chemicals
SUBPART P: THM MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.680
Sampling, Analytical and other Requirements
611.683
Reduced Monitoring Frequency
611.684
Averaging
611.685
Analytical Methods
611.686
Modification to System
611.687
Sampling for THM Potential
611.688
Applicability Dates
SUBPART Q: RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.720
Analytical Methods
611.731
Gross Alpha
611.732
Manmade Radioactivity
SUBPART R: ENHANCED FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION
Section
611.740
General Requirements
6
611.741
Standards for Avoiding Filtration
611.742
Disinfection Profiling and Benchmarking
611.743
Filtration
611.744
Filtration Sampling Requirements
611.745
Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements
SUBPART T: REPORTING, PUBLIC NOTIFICATION AND
RECORDKEEPING
Section
611.830
Applicability
611.831
Monthly Operating Report
611.832
Notice by Agency (Repealed)
611.833
Cross Connection Reporting
611.840
Reporting
611.851
Reporting MCL, MRDL, and other Violations (Repealed)
611.852
Reporting other Violations (Repealed)
611.853
Notice to New Billing Units (Repealed)
611.854
General Content of Public Notice (Repealed)
611.855
Mandatory Health Effects Language (Repealed)
611.856
Fluoride Notice (Repealed)
611.858
Fluoride Secondary Standard (Repealed)
611.860
Record Maintenance
611.870
List of 36 Contaminants
SUBPART U: CONSUMER CONFIDENCE REPORTS
Section
611.881
Purpose and Applicability of this Subpart
611.882
Compliance Dates
611.883
Content of the Reports
611.884
Required Additional Health Information
611.885
Report Delivery and Recordkeeping
SUBPART V: PUBLIC NOTIFICATION OF DRINKING WATER VIOLATIONS
Section
611.901 General Public Notification Requirements
611.902 Tier 1 Public Notice--Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice
611.903 Tier 2 Public Notice--Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice
611.904 Tier 3 Public Notice--Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice
611.905 Content of the Public Notice
611.906 Notice to New Billing Units or New Customers
611.907 Special Notice of the Availability of Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Results
611.908 Special Notice for Exceedance of the Fluoride Secondary Standard
611.909 Special Notice for Nitrate Exceedances above the MCL by a Non-Community
Water System
611.910 Notice by the Agency on Behalf of a PWS
7
611.Appendix A
Mandatory Health Effects InformationRegulated Contaminants
611.Appendix B
Percent Inactivation of G. Lamblia Cysts
611.Appendix C
Common Names of Organic Chemicals
611.Appendix D
Defined Substrate Method for the Simultaneous Detection of Total
Coliforms and Eschericia Coli from Drinking Water
611.Appendix E
Mandatory Lead Public Education Information for Community Water
Systems
611.Appendix F
Converting Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) Compliance Values for
Consumer Confidence ReportsMandatory Lead Public Education
Information for Non-Transient Non-Community Water Systems
611.Appendix G
Regulated ContaminantsNPDWR Violations and Situations Requiring
Public Notice
611.Appendix H
Standard Health Effects Language for Public Notification
611.Appendix I Acronyms Used in Public Notification Regulation
611.Table A
Total Coliform Monitoring Frequency
611.Table B
Fecal or Total Coliform Density Measurements
611.Table C
Frequency of RDC Measurement
611.Table D
Number of Lead and Copper Monitoring Sites
611.Table E
Lead and Copper Monitoring Start Dates
611.Table F
Number of Water Quality Parameter Sampling Sites
611.Table G
Summary of Section 611.357 Monitoring Requirements for Water Quality
Parameters
1
611.Table Z
Federal Effective Dates
AUTHORITY: Implementing Sections 7.2, 17, and 17.5 and authorized by Section 27 of the
Environmental Protection Act [415 ILCS 5/7.2, 17, 17.5, and 27].
SOURCE: Adopted in R88-26 at 14 Ill. Reg. 16517, effective September 20, 1990; amended in
R90-21 at 14 Ill. Reg. 20448, effective December 11, 1990; amended in R90-13 at 15 Ill. Reg.
1562, effective January 22, 1991; amended in R91-3 at 16 Ill. Reg. 19010, effective December 1,
1992; amended in R92-3 at 17 Ill. Reg. 7796, effective May 18, 1993; amended in R93-1 at 17 Ill.
Reg. 12650, effective July 23, 1993; amended in R94-4 at 18 Ill. Reg. 12291, effective July 28,
1994; amended in R94-23 at 19 Ill. Reg. 8613, effective June 20, 1995; amended in R95-17 at 20
Ill. Reg. 14493, effective October 22, 1996; amended in R98-2 at 22 Ill. Reg. 5020, effective
March 5, 1998; amended in R99-6 at 23 Ill. Reg. 2756, effective February 17, 1999; amended in
R99-12 at 23 Ill. Reg. 10348, effective August 11, 1999; amended in R00-8 at 23 Ill. Reg. 14715,
effective December 8, 1999; amended in R00-10 at 24 Ill. Reg. 14226 effective September 11,
2000; amended in R01-7 at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________.
8
SUBPART A: GENERAL
Section 611.126
Prohibition on Use of Lead
a)
In general. Prohibition. Any pipe, any pipe or plumbing fitting or fixture, solder or
flux, shall must be lead free, as defined by subsection (b) of this Section, if it is
used after June 19, 1986 in the installation or repair of:
1)
Any PWS, or
2)
Any plumbing in a residential or nonresidential facility providing water for
human consumption that is connected to a PWS. This subsection (a) does
not apply to leaded joints necessary for the repair of cast iron pipes.
b)
Definition of lead free. For purposes of this Section, the term “lead free”:
1)
When used with respect to solders and flux, refers to solders and flux
containing not more than 0.2 percent lead;
2)
When used with respect to pipes and pipe fittings, refers to pipes and pipe
fittings containing not more than 8.0 percent lead; and
3)
When used with respect to plumbing fittings and fixtures that are intended
by the manufacturer to dispense water for human ingestion, refers to
plumbing fittings and fixtures in compliance with NSF Standard 61, section
9, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.43(a) and (d) (1998) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed.
Reg. 2003 (Jan. 12, 2000), and 42 USC 300g-6(a)(1) (1998). USEPA has stated that NSF
Standard 61 is the standard for plumbing fittings and fixtures developed pursuant to 42 USC 300g-
6(e). See 62 Fed. Reg. 44684 (Aug. 22, 1997).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.131
Relief Equivalent to SDWA Section 1415(e) Small System Variance
This Section is intended as a State equivalent of Section 1415(e) of the federal SDWA (42 USC
300g-4(e)).
a)
Variances may be obtained from the requirement to comply with an MCL or
treatment technique to a PWS serving fewer than 10,000 persons in this Section.
The PWS shall must file a variance petition pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 104,
except as modified or supplemented by this Section.
b)
The Board will grant a small system variance to a PWS serving fewer than 3,300
persons. The Board will grant a small system variance to a PWS serving more than
9
3,300 persons but fewer than 10,000 persons with the approval of the USEPA. In
determining the number of persons served by the PWS, the Board will include
persons served by consecutive systems. A small system variance granted to a PWS
also applies to any consecutive system served by it.
c)
Availability of a variance.
1)
A small system variance is not available under this Section for an NPDWR
for a microbial contaminant (including a bacterium, virus, or other
organism) or an indicator or treatment technique for a microbial
contaminant.
2)
A small system variance under this Section is available for compliance
with a requirement specifying an MCL or treatment technique for a
contaminant with respect to which the following is true:
A)
An NPDWR was promulgated on or after January 1, 1986; and
B)
The USEPA has published a small system variance technology
pursuant to Section 1412(b)(15) of the federal SDWA (42 USC
300g-1(b)(15)).
BOARD NOTE: Small system variances are not available for PWSs above
the pre - 1986 pre-1986 MCL even if subsequently revised. If the USEPA
revises a pre - 1986 pre-1986 MCL and makes it more stringent, then a
variance would be available for that contaminant, but only up to the pre -
1986 pre-1986 maximum contaminant level.
d)
No small system variance will be in effect until the later of the following:
1)
90 days after the Board proposes to grant the small system variance;
2)
If the Board is proposing to grant a small system variance to a PWS serving
fewer than 3,300 persons and the USEPA objects to the small system
variance, the date on which the Board makes the recommended
modifications or responds in writing to each objection; or
3)
If the Board is proposing to grant a small system variance to a PWS serving
a population of more than 3,300 and fewer than 10,000 persons, the date the
USEPA approves the small system variance.
e)
As part of the showing of arbitrary or unreasonable hardship, the PWS shall must
prove and document the following to the Board:
1)
The That the PWS is eligible for a small system variance pursuant to
subsection (c) of this Section;
10
2)
The That the PWS cannot afford to comply with the NPDWR for which a
small system variance is sought, including by the following:
A)
Treatment;
B)
Alternative sources of water supply;
C)
Restructuring or consolidation changes, including ownership change
or physical consolidation with another PWS; or
D)
Obtaining financial assistance pursuant to Section 1452 of the
federal SDWA or any other federal or State program;
3)
The That the PWS meets the source water quality requirements for installing
the small system variance technology developed pursuant to guidance
published under Section 1412(b)(15) of the federal SDWA (42 USC 300g-
1(b)(15));
4)
The That the PWS is financially and technically capable of installing,
operating, and maintaining the applicable small system variance technology;
and
5)
The That the terms and conditions of the small system variance ensure
adequate protection of human health, considering the following:
A)
The quality of the source water for the PWS; and
B)
Removal efficiencies and expected useful life of the small system
variance technology.
f)
Terms and Conditions.
1)
The Board will set the terms and conditions of a small system variance
issued under this Section and will include, at a minimum, the following
requirements:
A)
Proper and effective installation, operation, and maintenance of the
applicable small system variance technology in accordance with
guidance published by the USEPA, taking into consideration any
relevant source water characteristics and any other site-specific
conditions that may affect proper and effective operation and
maintenance of the technology;
B)
Monitoring requirements, for the contaminant for which a small
system variance is sought; and
11
C)
Any other terms or conditions that are necessary to ensure adequate
protection of public health, which may include:
i)
Public education requirements; and
ii)
Source water protection requirements.
2)
The Board will establish a schedule for the PWS to comply with the terms
and conditions of the small system variance that will include, at a minimum,
the following requirements:
A)
Increments of progress, such as milestone dates for the PWS to
apply for financial assistance and begin capital improvements;
B)
Quarterly reporting to the Agency of the PWSs compliance with the
terms and conditions of the small system variance;
C)
Schedule for the Board to review the small system variance; and
BOARD NOTE: Corresponding 40 CFR 142.307(d) (1999)
provides that the states must review variances no less frequently
than every five years. Section 36 of the Act provides that 5 years is
the maximum terms term of a variance.
D)
Compliance with the terms and conditions of the small system
variance as soon as practicable, but not later than three years after
the date on which the small system variance is granted. The Board
may allow up to two additional years if the Board determines that
additional time is necessary for the PWS to:
i)
Complete necessary capital improvements to comply with
the small system variance technology, secure an alternative
source of water, or restructure or consolidate; or
ii)
Obtain financial assistance provided pursuant to Section
1452 of the SDWA or any other federal or State program.
g)
The Board will provide notice and opportunity for a public hearing as provided in
35 Ill. Adm. Code 104, except as modified or supplemented by this Section.
1)
At least 30 days before the public hearing to discuss the proposed small
system variance, the PWS shall must provide notice to all persons served
by the PWS. For billed customers, this notice must include the information
listed in subsection (g)(2) of this Section. For other persons regularly
served by the PWS, notice must provide sufficient information to alert
12
readers to the proposed variance and direct them to where to receive
additional information, and must be as provided in subsection (g)(1)(B) of
this Section. Notice must be by the following means:
A)
Direct mail or other home delivery to billed customers or other
service connections, and
B)
Any other method reasonably calculated to notify, in a brief and
concise manner, other persons regularly served by the PWS. Such
methods may include publication in a local newspaper, posting in
public places or delivery to community organizations.
2)
The notice in subsection (g)(1)(A) of this Section must include, at a
minimum, the following:
A)
Identification of the contaminant(s) contaminants for which a small
system variance is sought;
B)
A brief statement of the health effects associated with the
contaminant(s) contaminants for which a small system variance is
sought, using language in Appendix H of this Part;
C)
The address and telephone number at which interested persons may
obtain further information concerning the contaminant and the small
system variance;
D)
A brief summary, in easily understandable terms, of the terms and
conditions of the small system variance;
E)
A description of the consumer petition process under subsection (h)
of this Section and information on contacting the USEPA Regional
Office;
F)
A brief statement announcing the public meeting required under
subsection (g)(3) of this Section, including a statement of the
purpose of the meeting, information regarding the time and location
for the meeting, and the address and telephone number at which
interested persons may obtain further information concerning the
meeting; and
G)
In communities with a large proportion of non-English-speaking
residents, as determined by the Board, information in the
appropriate language regarding the content and importance of the
notice.
3)
The Board will provide for at least one public hearing on the small system
13
variance. The PWS shall must provide notice in the manner required under
subsection (g)(1) of this Section at least 30 days prior to the public hearing.
4)
Prior to promulgating the final variance, the Board will respond in writing
to all significant public comments received relating to the small system
variance. Response to public comment and any other documentation
supporting the issuance of a variance will be made available to the public
after final promulgation.
h)
Any person served by the PWS may petition the USEPA to object to the granting of
a small system variance within 30 days after the Board proposes to grant a small
system variance for the PWS.
i)
The Agency shall must promptly send the USEPA the Opinion and Order of the
Board granting the proposed small system variance. The Board will make the
recommended modifications, respond in writing to each objection, or withdraw the
proposal to grant the small system variance if USEPA notifies the Board of a
finding pursuant to Section 1415 of the SDWA (42 USC 300g-4).
j)
In addition to the requirements of this Section, the provisions of Section 611.111,
611.112, or 611.130 may apply to relief granted pursuant to this Section.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142, Subpart K (1998) (1999).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
SUBPART B: FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION
Section 611.261
Unfiltered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping
A supplier that uses a surface water source and does not provide filtration treatment shall must
report monthly to the Agency the information specified in this Section beginning December 31,
1990, unless the Agency has determined that filtration is required, in which case the Agency shall
must, by special exception permit, specify alternative reporting requirements, as appropriate, until
filtration is in place. A supplier that uses a groundwater source under the direct influence of
surface water and does not provide filtration treatment shall must report monthly to the Agency the
information specified in this Section beginning December 31, 1990, or 6 six months after the
Agency determines that the groundwater source is under the direct influence of surface water,
whichever is later, unless the Agency has determined that filtration is required, in which case the
Agency shall must, by special exception permit, specify alternative reporting requirements, as
appropriate, until filtration is in place.
a)
Source water quality information must be reported to the Agency within 10 ten days
after the end of each month the system serves water to the public. Information that
must be reported includes:
14
1)
The cumulative number of months for which results are reported.
2)
The number of fecal or total coliform samples, whichever are analyzed
during the month (if a system monitors for both, only fecal coliforms must
be reported), the dates of sample collection, and the dates when the
turbidity level exceeded 1 NTU.
3)
The number of samples during the month that had equal to or less fewer than
20/100 ml fecal coliforms or equal to or less fewer than 100/100 ml total
coliforms, whichever are analyzed.
4)
The cumulative number of fecal or total coliform samples, whichever are
analyzed, during the previous six months the system served water to the
public.
5)
The cumulative number of samples that had equal to or less fewer than
20/100 ml fecal coliforms or equal to or less fewer than 100/100 ml total
coliforms, whichever are analyzed, during the previous six months the
system served water to the public.
6)
The percentage of samples that had equal to or less fewer than 20/100 ml
fecal coliforms or equal to or less fewer than 100/100 ml total coliforms,
whichever are analyzed, during the previous six months the system served
water to the public.
7)
The maximum turbidity level measured during the month, the date(s) dates
of occurrence for any measurement(s) measurements which exceeded 5
NTU and the date(s) dates the occurrence(s) occurrences was were
reported to the Agency.
8)
For the first 12 months of recordkeeping, the dates and cumulative number
of events during which the turbidity exceeded 5 NTU, and after one year of
recordkeeping for turbidity measurements, the dates and cumulative number
of events during which the turbidity exceeded 5 NTU in the previous 12
months the system served water to the public.
9)
For the first 120 months of recordkeeping, the dates and cumulative number
of events during which the turbidity exceeded 5 NTU, and after 10 ten years
of recordkeeping for turbidity measurements, the dates and cumulative
number of events during which the turbidity exceeded 5 NTU in the
previous 120 months the system served water to the public.
b)
Disinfection information specified in Section 611.532 must be reported to the
Agency within 10 ten days after the end of each month the system serves water to
the public. Information that must be reported includes:
15
1)
For each day, the lowest measurement of RDC in mg/L in water entering the
distribution system.
2)
The date and duration of each period when the RDC in water entering the
distribution system fell below 0.2 mg/L and when the Agency was notified
of the occurrence.
3)
The daily RDC(s) RDCs (in mg/L) and disinfectant contact time(s) times (in
minutes) used for calculating the CT value(s) values.
4)
If chlorine is used, the daily measurement(s) measurements of pH of
disinfected water following each point of chlorine disinfection.
5)
The daily measurement(s) measurements of water temperature in degrees C
following each point of disinfection.
6)
The daily CTcalc and Ai values for each disinfectant measurement or
sequence and the sum of all Ai values (B) before or at the first customer.
7)
The daily determination of whether disinfection achieves adequate Giardia
cyst and virus inactivation, i.e., whether Ai is at least 1.0 or, where
disinfectants other than chlorine are used, other indicator conditions that the
Agency, pursuant to Section 611.241(a)(1), determines are appropriate, are
met.
8)
The following information on the samples taken in the distribution system in
conjunction with total coliform monitoring pursuant to Section 611.240 et
seq. through 611.242:
A)
Number of instances where the RDC is measured;
B)
Number of instances where the RDC is not measured but HPC is
measured;
C)
Number of instances where the RDC is measured but not detected
and no HPC is measured;
D)
Number of instances where no RDC is detected and where HPC is
greater than 500/ml;
E)
Number of instances where the RDC is not measured and HPC is
greater than 500/ml;
F)
For the current and previous month the system served water to the
public, the value of “V” in the following formula:
16
V = 100(c + d + e) / (a + b)
(
)
(
)
V
=
100
c + d + e
a + b
where:
a =
Value in subsection (b)(8)(A).
b =
Value in subsection (b)(8)(B).
c =
Value in subsection (b)(8)(C).
d =
Value in subsection (b)(8)(D). And,
e =
Value in subsection (b)(8)(E).
G)
The requirements of subsections (b)(8)(A) through (F) do not apply
if the Agency determines, pursuant to Section 611.213, that a system
has no means for having a sample analyzed for HPC.
9)
A system need not report the data listed in subsections (b)(1), and (b)(3)
through (6), if all data listed in subsections (b)(1) through (b)(8) remain on
file at the system, and the Agency determines, by special exception permit,
that:
A)
The system has submitted to the Agency all the information required
by subsections (b)(1) through (8) for at least 12 months; and
B)
The Agency has determined that the system is not required to
provide filtration treatment.
c)
By October 10 of each year, each system shall must provide to the Agency a report
which summarizes its compliance with all watershed control program requirements
specified in Section 611.232(b).
d)
By October 10 of each year, each system shall must provide to the Agency a report
on the on-site inspection conducted during that year pursuant to Section 611.232(c),
unless the on-site inspection was conducted by the Agency. If the inspection was
conducted by the Agency, the Agency shall must provide a copy of its report to the
supplier.
e)
Reporting health threats.
17
1)
Each system, upon discovering that a waterborne disease outbreak
potentially attributable to that water system has occurred, shall must report
that occurrence to the Agency as soon as possible, but no later than by the
end of the next business day.
2)
If at any time the turbidity exceeds 5 NTU, the system shall inform must
consult with the Agency as soon as possible practical, but no later than the
end of the next business day 24 hours after the exceedance is known, in
accordance with the public notification requirements under Section
611.903(b)(3).
3)
If at any time the RDC falls below 0.2 mg/L in the water entering the
distribution system, the system shall must notify the Agency as soon as
possible, but no later than by the end of the next business day. The system
also shall must notify the Agency by the end of the next business day
whether or not the RDC was restored to at least 0.2 mg/L within 4 four
hours.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.75(a) (1989) (1999), as amended at 54 65 Fed. Reg.
27526, June 29, 1989 26022 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.262
Filtered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping
A supplier that uses a surface water source or a groundwater source under the direct influence of
surface water and provides filtration treatment shall must report monthly to the Agency the
information specified in this Section beginning June 29, 1993, or when filtration is installed,
whichever is later.
a)
Turbidity measurements as required by Section 611.533(a) must be reported within
10 ten days after the end of each month the system supplier serves water to the
public. Information that must be reported includes:
1)
The total number of filtered water turbidity measurements taken during the
month.
2)
The number and percentage of filtered water turbidity measurements taken
during the month which are less than or equal to the turbidity limits
specified in Section 611.250 for the filtration technology being used.
3)
The date and value of any turbidity measurements taken during the month
which exceed 5 NTU.
b)
Disinfection information specified in Section 611.533 must be reported to the
Agency within 10 ten days after the end of each month the system supplier serves
18
water to the public. Information that must be reported includes:
1)
For each day, the lowest measurement of RDC in mg/L in water entering the
distribution system.
2)
The date and duration of each period when the RDC in water entering the
distribution system fell below 0.2 mg/L and when the Agency was notified
of the occurrence.
3)
The following information on the samples taken in the distribution system in
conjunction with total coliform monitoring pursuant to Section Sections
611.240 et seq. through 611.242:
A)
Number of instances where the RDC is measured;
B)
Number of instances where the RDC is not measured but HPC is
measured;
C)
Number of instances where the RDC is measured but not detected
and no HPC is measured;
D)
Number of instances where no RDC is detected and where HPC is
greater than 500/ml;
E)
Number of instances where the RDC is not measured and HPC is
greater than 500/ml;
F)
For the current and previous month the system supplier serves water
to the public,the value of "V" in the following formula:
V = 100(c + d + e) / (a + b)
(
)
(
)
V
=
100
c + d + e
a
b
+
where:
a =Value in subsection (b)(3)(A) of this Section.
b =Value in subsection (b)(3)(B) of this Section.
c =Value in subsection (b)(3)(C) of this Section.
d =Value in subsection (b)(3)(D) of this Section.
And,
19
e =Value in subsection (b)(3)(E) of this Section.
G)
Subsections (b)(3)(A) through (b)(3)(F) of this Section do not apply
if the Agency determines, pursuant to Section 611.213, that a system
supplier has no means for having a sample analyzed for HPC.
c)
Reporting health threats.
1)
Each system supplier, upon discovering that a waterborne disease outbreak
potentially attributable to that water system has occurred, shall must report
that occurrence to the Agency as soon as possible, but no later than by the
end of the next business day.
2)
If at any time the turbidity exceeds 5 NTU, the system shall inform supplier
must consult with the Agency as soon as possible practical, but no later than
the end of the next business day 24 hours after the exceedance is known, in
accordance with the public notification requirements under Section
611.903(b)(3).
3)
If at any time the residual falls below 0.2 mg/L in the water entering the
distribution system, the system shall supplier must notify the Agency as soon
as possible, but no later than by the end of the next business day. The system
supplier also shall must notify the Agency by the end of the next business
day whether or not the residual was restored to at least 0.2 mg/L within 4
four hours.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.75(b) (1989) (1999), as amended at 54 65 Fed. Reg.
27526, June 29, 1989 26022 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
SUBPART F: MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS (MCL’s) AND
MAXIMUM RESIDUAL DISINFECTANT LEVELS (MRDLs)
Section 611.300
Old MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals
a)
The old MCLs listed in subsection (b) below of this Section for inorganic
chemicals apply only to CWS suppliers. Compliance with old MCLs for inorganic
chemicals is calculated pursuant to Section 611.612, except that analyses for
arsenic are to be performed pursuant to Section 611.611.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.11(a) (1995) (1999).
b)
The following are the old MCL’s for inorganic chemicals:
20
Contaminant
Level, mg/L
Additional State
Requirement (*)
Arsenic
0.05
Iron
1.0
*
Manganese
0.15
*
Zinc
5.
*
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.11(b) & (c) (1995) (1999). This
provision, which corresponds with 40 CFR 141.11, was formerly the only listing of
MCLs for inorganic parameters. However, USEPA added another listing of
inorganic MCLs at 40 CFR 141.62 at 56 Fed. Reg. 3594 (Jan. 30, 1991), which
corresponds with Section 611.301.
c)
This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.11(c) (1995) (1999), marked as
reserved by USEPA. This statement maintains structural parity with the federal
rules.
d)
Nitrate.
Non-CWSs may exceed the MCL for nitrate under the following circumstances:
A1)
The nitrate level must not exceed 20 mg/L,
B2)
The water must not be available to children under six months of age,
C3)
There will be The NCWS supplier is meeting the public notification
requirements under Section 611.909, including continuous posting of the
fact that the nitrate level exceeds 10 mg/L together with the public potential
health effects information set forth in paragraph (2) of Section
611.Appendix A exposure,
D4)
The supplier will annually notify local public health authorities and the
Department of Public Health of the nitrate levels that exceed 10 mg/L, and
E5)
No adverse public health effects result.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.11(d) (1995) (1999), as amended at
65 Fed. Reg. 26022 (May 4, 2000). The Department of Public Health regulations
may impose a nitrate limitation requirement. Those regulations are at 77 Ill. Adm.
Code 900.50.
e)
The following supplementary condition applies to the MCLs listed in subsection
(b) above of this Section for iron and manganese:
21
1)
CWS suppliers that serve a population of 1000 or less fewer, or 300
service connections or less fewer, are exempt from the standards for iron
and manganese.
2)
The Agency may, by special exception permit, allow iron and manganese in
excess of the MCL if sequestration tried on an experimental basis proves to
be effective. If sequestration is not effective, positive iron or manganese
reduction treatment as applicable must be provided. Experimental use of a
sequestering agent may be tried only if approved by special exception
permit.
BOARD NOTE: This is The requirements of subsection (e) of this Section are an
additional State requirement.
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.325
Microbiological Contaminants
a)
The MCL is based on the presence or absence of total coliforms in a
sample, rather than coliform density.
1)
For a supplier which that collects at least 40 samples per month, if no more
than 5.0 percent of the samples collected during a month are total coliform-
positive, the supplier is in compliance with the MCL for total coliforms.
2)
For a supplier which that collects fewer than 40 samples per month, if
no more than one sample collected during a month is a total coliform-
positive, the supplier is in compliance with the MCL for total
coliforms.
b)
Any fecal coliform-positive repeat sample or E. coli-positive repeat sample, or any
total coliform-positive repeat sample following a fecal coliform-positive or E.
coli-positive routine sample, constitutes a violation of the MCL for total coliforms.
For purposes of the public notification requirements in Section 611.851 et seq.
Subpart V of this Part, this is a violation that may pose an acute risk to health.
c)
A supplier shall must determine compliance with the MCL for total coliforms in
subsections (a) and (b) of this Section for each month in which it is required to
monitor for total coliforms.
d)
BATs for achieving compliance with the MCL for total coliforms in subsections (a)
and (b) of this Section:
1)
Protection of wells from contamination by coliforms by appropriate
placement and construction;
22
2)
Maintenance of RDC throughout the distribution system;
3)
Proper maintenance of the distribution system including appropriate pipe
replacement and repair procedures, main flushing programs, proper
operation and maintenance of storage tanks and reservoirs and continual
maintenance positive water pressure in all parts of the distribution system;
4)
Filtration and disinfection of surface water, as described in Subpart B, or
disinfection of groundwater using strong oxidants such as chlorine, chlorine
dioxide or ozone; or
5)
For systems using groundwater, compliance with the wellhead protection
program, after U.S. EPA USEPA approves the program.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.63 (1994) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 26022,
May 4, 2000.
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
SUBPART G: LEAD AND COPPER
Section 611.351
Applicability of Corrosion Control
a)
Corrosion control required. Suppliers shall must complete the applicable
corrosion control treatment requirements described in Section 611.352 on or before
the deadlines set forth in this Section.
1)
Large systems. Each large system supplier (one regularly serving more than
50,000 persons) shall must complete the corrosion control treatment steps
specified in subsection (d) below of this Section, unless it is deemed to
have optimized corrosion control under subsection (b)(2) or (b)(3) below
of this Section.
2)
Medium-sized and small systems. Each small system supplier (one
regularly serving 3300 3,300 or fewer persons) and each medium-sized
system (one regularly serving more than 3,300 up to 50,000 or fewer
persons) shall must complete the corrosion control treatment steps specified
in subsection (e) below of this Section, unless it is deemed to have
optimized corrosion control under one of subsections (b)(1), (b)(2), or
(b)(3) below of this Section.
b)
Suppliers deemed to have optimized corrosion control. A supplier is deemed to
have optimized corrosion control, and is not required to complete the applicable
corrosion control treatment steps identified in this Section, if the supplier satisfies
one of the following criteria: specified in subsections (b)(1) through (b)(3) of this
23
Section. Any such system deemed to have optimized corrosion control under this
subsection, and which has treatment in place, must continue to operate and maintain
optimal corrosion control treatment and meet any requirements that the Agency
determines are appropriate to ensure optimal corrosion control treatment is
maintained.
1)
Small or medium-sized system meeting action levels. A small system or
medium-sized system supplier is deemed to have optimized corrosion
control if the system meets the lead and copper action levels during each of
two consecutive six-month monitoring periods with monitoring conducted in
accordance with Section 611.356.
2)
SEP for equivalent activities to corrosion control. The Agency shall must,
by a SEP granted pursuant to Section 611.110, deem any supplier to have
optimized corrosion control treatment if it determines that the supplier has
conducted activities equivalent to the corrosion control steps applicable
under this Section. In making this determination, the Agency shall must
specify the water quality control parameters representing optimal corrosion
control in accordance with Section 611.352(f). A water supplier that is
deemed to have optimized corrosion control under this subsection (b)(2)
must operate in compliance with the Agency-designated optimal water
quality control parameters in accordance with Section 611.352(g) and must
continue to conduct lead and copper tap and water quality parameter
sampling in accordance with Sections 611.356(d)(3) and 611.357(d),
respectively. A supplier shall must provide the Agency with the following
information in order to support an Agency SEP determination under this
subsection (b)(2):
A)
the The results of all test samples collected for each of the water
quality parameters in Section 611.352(c)(3);
B)
a A report explaining the test methods the supplier used to evaluate
the corrosion control treatments listed in Section 611.352(c)(1), the
results of all tests conducted, and the basis for the supplier’s
selection of optimal corrosion control treatment;
C)
a A report explaining how the supplier has installed corrosion
control and how the supplier maintains it to insure minimal lead and
copper concentrations at consumer’s taps; and
D)
the The results of tap water samples collected in accordance with
Section 611.356 at least once every six months for one year after
corrosion control has been installed.
3)
Results less than practical quantitation level (PQL) for lead. Any supplier
is deemed to have optimized corrosion control if it submits results of tap
24
water monitoring conducted in accordance with Section 611.356 and source
water monitoring conducted in accordance with Section 611.358 that
demonstrate that for two consecutive six-month monitoring periods the
difference between the 90th percentile tap water lead level, computed
pursuant to Section 611.350(c)(3), and the highest source water lead
concentration is less than the practical quantitation level for lead specified
in Section 611.359(a)(1)(B)(i).
A) Those systems whose highest source water lead level is below the
method detection limit (MDL) may also be deemed to have
optimized corrosion control under this subsection (b) if the 90th
percentile tap water lead level is less than or equal to the PQL for
lead for two consecutive six-month monitoring periods.
B) Any water system deemed to have optimized corrosion control in
accordance with this subsection (b) must continue monitoring for
lead and copper at the tap no less frequently than once every three
calendar years using the reduced number of sites specified in
Section 611.356(c) and collecting the samples at times and
locations specified in Section 611.356(d)(4)(D). Any such system
that has not conducted a round of monitoring pursuant to Section
611.356(d) since September 30, 1997, must complete a round of
monitoring pursuant to this subsection (b) no later than September
30, 2000.
BOARD NOTE: USEPA specified September 30, 2000 at 40 CFR
141.81(b)(3)(ii) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2004 (Jan. 12,
2000). In order to remain identical-in-substance and to retain State
primacy, the Board retained this date despite the fact that this
Section became effective after that date.
C) Any water system deemed to have optimized corrosion control
pursuant to this subsection (b) must notify the Agency in writing
pursuant to Section 611.360(a)(3) of any change in treatment or the
addition of a new source. The Agency must require any such system
to conduct additional monitoring or to take other action if the
Agency determines that the additional monitoring is necessary and
appropriate to ensure that the supplier maintains minimal levels of
corrosion in its distribution system.
D) As of July 12, 2001, a supplier is not deemed to have optimized
corrosion control under this subsection (b), and must implement
corrosion control treatment pursuant to subsection (b)(3)(E) of this
Section, unless it meets the copper action level.
E) Any supplier triggered into corrosion control because it is no longer
25
deemed to have optimized corrosion control under this subsection
must implement corrosion control treatment in accordance with the
deadlines in subsection (e) of this Section. Any such large system
supplier must adhere to the schedule specified in that subsection (e)
for a medium-sized system supplier, with the time periods for
completing each step being triggered by the date the supplier is no
longer deemed to have optimized corrosion control under this
subsection (b).
c)
Suppliers not required to complete corrosion control steps for having met both
action levels.
1)
Any small system or medium-sized system supplier, otherwise required to
complete the corrosion control steps due to its exceedance of the lead or
copper action level, may cease completing the treatment steps after the
supplier has fulfilled both of the following conditions:
A)
It has met both the copper action level and the lead action level
during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods
conducted pursuant to Section 611.356, and
B)
the The supplier has submitted the results for those two consecutive
six-month monitoring periods to the Agency.
2)
A supplier that has ceased completing the corrosion control steps pursuant
to subsection (c)(1) above of this Section (or the Agency, if appropriate)
shall must resume completion of the applicable treatment steps, beginning
with the first treatment step that the supplier previously did not complete in
its entirety, if the supplier thereafter exceeds the lead or copper action level
during any monitoring period.
3)
The Agency may, by SEP, require a supplier to repeat treatment steps
previously completed by the supplier where it determines that this is
necessary to properly implement the treatment requirements of this Section.
Any such SEP shall must explain the basis for this decision.
4)
The requirement for any small or medium-sized system supplier to
implement corrosion control treatment steps in accordance with subsection
(e) below of this Section (including systems deemed to have optimized
corrosion control under subsection (b)(1) above of this Section) is triggered
whenever any small or medium-sized system supplier exceeds the lead or
copper action level.
d)
Treatment steps and deadlines for large systems. Except as provided in
subsections (b)(2) and (b)(3) above of this Section, large system suppliers shall
must complete the following corrosion control treatment steps (described in the
26
referenced portions of Sections 611.352, 611.356, and 611.357) on or before the
indicated dates.
1)
Step 1: The supplier shall must conduct initial monitoring (Sections
611.356(d)(1) and 611.357(b)) during two consecutive six-month
monitoring periods on or before January 1, 1993.
BOARD NOTE: U.S. EPA USEPA specified January 1, 1993 at 40 CFR
141.81(d)(1) (1999). In order to remain identical-in-substance and to
retain state State primacy, the Board retained this date despite the fact that
this Section became effective after that date.
2)
Step 2: The supplier shall must complete corrosion control studies (Section
611.352(c)) on or before July 1, 1994.
3)
Step 3: The Agency shall must approve optimal corrosion control treatment
(Section 611.352(d)) by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110 on or
before January 1, 1995.
4)
Step 4: The supplier shall must install optimal corrosion control treatment
(Section 611.352(e)) by January 1, 1997.
5)
Step 5: The supplier shall must complete follow-up sampling (Sections
611.356(d)(2) and 611.357(c)) by January 1, 1998.
6)
Step 6: The Agency shall must review installation of treatment and approve
optimal water quality control parameters (Section 611.352(f)) by July 1,
1998.
7)
Step 7: The supplier shall must operate in compliance with the Agency-
specified optimal water quality control parameters (Section 611.352(g))
and continue to conduct tap sampling (Sections 611.356(d)(3) and
611.357(d)).
e)
Treatment steps and deadlines for small and medium-sized system suppliers.
Except as provided in subsection (b) above of this Section, small and medium-
sized system suppliers shall must complete the following corrosion control
treatment steps (described in the referenced portions of Sections 611.352, 611.356
and 611.357) by the indicated time periods.
1)
Step 1: The supplier shall must conduct initial tap sampling (Sections
611.356(d)(1) and 611.357(b)) until the supplier either exceeds the lead
action level or the copper action level or it becomes eligible for reduced
monitoring under Section 611.356(d)(4). A supplier exceeding the lead
action level or the copper action level shall must recommend optimal
27
corrosion control treatment (Section 611.352(a)) within six months after it
exceeds one of the action levels.
2)
Step 2: Within 12 months after a supplier exceeds the lead action level or
the copper action level, the Agency may require the supplier to perform
corrosion control studies (Section 611.352(b)). If the Agency does not
require the supplier to perform such studies, the Agency shall must, by a
SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, specify optimal corrosion control
treatment (Section 611.352(d)) within the following timeframes:
A)
for medium-sized systems, within 18 months after such supplier
exceeds the lead action level or the copper action level,
B)
for small systems, within 24 months after such supplier exceeds the
lead action level or the copper action level.
3)
Step 3: If the Agency requires a supplier to perform corrosion control
studies under step 2 (subsection (e)(2) above of this Section), the supplier
shall must complete the studies (Section 611.352(c)) within 18 months after
the Agency requires that such studies be conducted.
4)
Step 4: If the supplier has performed corrosion control studies under step 2
(subsection (e)(2) above of this Section), the Agency shall must, by a SEP
issued pursuant to Section 611.110, approve optimal corrosion control
treatment (Section 611.352(d)) within 6 six months after completion of step
3 (subsection (e)(3) above of this Section).
5)
Step 5: The supplier shall must install optimal corrosion control treatment
(Section 611.352(e)) within 24 months after the Agency approves such
treatment.
6)
Step 6: The supplier shall must complete follow-up sampling (Sections
611.356(d)(2) and 611.357(c)) within 36 months after the Agency approves
optimal corrosion control treatment.
7)
Step 7: The Agency shall must review the supplier’s installation of
treatment and, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, approve
optimal water quality control parameters (Section 611.352(f)) within 6 six
months after completion of step 6 (subsection (e)(6) above of this Section).
8)
Step 8: The supplier shall must operate in compliance with the Agency-
approved optimal water quality control parameters (Section 611.352(g))
and continue to conduct tap sampling (Sections 611.356(d)(3) and
611.357(d)).
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.81 (1994) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2004
28
(Jan. 12, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.352
Corrosion Control Treatment
Each supplier shall must complete the corrosion control treatment requirements described below
that are applicable to such supplier under Section 611.351.
a)
System recommendation regarding corrosion control treatment.
1)
Based on the results of lead and copper tap monitoring and water quality
parameter monitoring, small and medium-sized system suppliers exceeding
the lead action level or the copper action level shall must recommend to the
Agency installation of one or more of the corrosion control treatments listed
in subsection (c)(1) below of this Section that the supplier believes
constitutes optimal corrosion control for its system.
2)
The Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, require the
supplier to conduct additional water quality parameter monitoring in
accordance with Section 611.357(b) to assist it in reviewing the supplier’s
recommendation.
b)
Agency-required studies of corrosion control treatment. The Agency may, by a
SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, require any small or medium-sized system
supplier that exceeds the lead action level or the copper action level to perform
corrosion control studies under subsection (c) below of this Section to identify
optimal corrosion control treatment for its system.
c)
Performance of studies:
1)
Any supplier performing corrosion control studies shall must evaluate the
effectiveness of each of the following treatments, and, if appropriate,
combinations of the following treatments, to identify the optimal corrosion
control treatment for its system:
A)
alkalinity Alkalinity and pH adjustment;
B)
calcium Calcium hardness adjustment; and
C)
the The addition of a phosphate- or silicate-based corrosion
inhibitor at a concentration sufficient to maintain an effective
residual concentration in all test tap samples.
2)
The supplier shall must evaluate each of the corrosion control treatments
using either pipe rig/loop tests; metal coupon tests; partial-system tests; or
29
analyses based on documented analogous treatments in other systems of
similar size, water chemistry, and distribution system configuration.
3)
The supplier shall must measure the following water quality parameters in
any tests conducted under this subsection (c) before and after evaluating the
corrosion control treatments listed above:
A)
leadLead;
B)
copperCopper;
C)
pH;
D)
alkalinityAlkalinity;
E)
calciumCalcium;
F)
conductivityConductivity;
G)
orthophosphate Orthophosphate (when an inhibitor containing a
phosphate compound is used);
H)
silicate Silicate (when an inhibitor containing a silicate compound
is used); and
I)
water Water temperature.
4)
The supplier shall must identify all chemical or physical constraints that
limit or prohibit the use of a particular corrosion control treatment, and
document such constraints with at least one of the following:
A)
data Data and documentation showing that a particular corrosion
control treatment has adversely affected other water treatment
processes when used by another supplier with comparable water
quality characteristics; or
B)
data Data and documentation demonstrating that the supplier has
previously attempted to evaluate a particular corrosion control
treatment, finding either that the treatment is ineffective or it
adversely affects other water quality treatment processes.
5)
The supplier shall must evaluate the effect of the chemicals used for
corrosion control treatment on other water quality treatment processes.
30
6)
On the basis of an analysis of the data generated during each evaluation, the
supplier shall must recommend to the Agency, in writing, that treatment
option the corrosion control studies indicate constitutes optimal corrosion
control treatment for its system. The supplier shall must provide a rationale
for its recommendation, along with all supporting documentation specified
in subsections (c)(1) through (c)(5) above of this Section.
d)
Agency approval of treatment:
1)
Based on consideration of available information including, where
applicable, studies performed under subsection (c) above of this Section
and a supplier’s recommended treatment alternative, the Agency shall must,
by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, either approve the corrosion
control treatment option recommended by the supplier, or deny and require
investigation and recommendation of alternative corrosion control
treatment(s) treatments from among those listed in subsection (c)(1) above
of this Section. When approving optimal treatment, the Agency shall must
consider the effects that additional corrosion control treatment will have on
water quality parameters and on other water quality treatment processes.
2)
The Agency shall must, in any SEP issued under subsection (d)(1) above of
this Section, notify the supplier of the basis for this determination.
e)
Installation of optimal corrosion control. Each supplier shall must properly install
and operate, throughout its distribution system, that optimal corrosion control
treatment approved by the Agency pursuant to subsection (d) above of this Section.
f)
Agency review of treatment and specification of optimal water quality control
parameters. The Agency shall must evaluate the results of all lead and copper tap
samples and water quality parameter samples submitted by the supplier and
determine whether it has properly installed and operated the optimal corrosion
control treatment approved pursuant to subsection (d) above of this Section.
1)
Upon reviewing the results of tap water and water quality parameter
monitoring by the supplier, both before and after the installation of optimal
corrosion control treatment, the Agency shall must, by a SEP issued
pursuant to Section 611.110, specify the following:
A)
a A minimum value or a range of values for pH measured at each
entry point to the distribution system;
B)
a A minimum pH value, measured in all tap samples. Such value
shall must be equal to or greater than 7.0, unless the Agency
determines that meeting a pH level of 7.0 is not technologically
feasible or is not necessary for the supplier to optimize corrosion
control;
31
C)
if If a corrosion inhibitor is used, a minimum concentration or a
range of concentrations for the inhibitor, measured at each entry
point to the distribution system and in all tap samples, that the
Agency determines is necessary to form a passivating film on the
interior walls of the pipes of the distribution system;
D)
if If alkalinity is adjusted as part of optimal corrosion control
treatment, a minimum concentration or a range of concentrations for
alkalinity, measured at each entry point to the distribution system
and in all tap samples;
E)
if If calcium carbonate stabilization is used as part of corrosion
control, a minimum concentration or a range of concentrations for
calcium, measured in all tap samples.
2)
The values for the applicable water quality control parameters listed in
subsection (f)(1) above of this Section shall must be those that the Agency
determines reflect optimal corrosion control treatment for the supplier.
3)
The Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, approve
values for additional water quality control parameters determined by the
Agency to reflect optimal corrosion control for the supplier’s system.
4)
The Agency shall must, in issuing a SEP, explain these determinations to the
supplier, along with the basis for its decisions.
g)
Continued Operation and Monitoring. All suppliers optimizing corrosion control
must continue to operate and maintain optimal corrosion control treatment,
including maintaining water quality parameter values at or above minimum values
or within ranges approved by the Agency under subsection (f) of this Section, in
accordance with this subsection (g) for all samples collected under Sections
611.357(d) through (f). Compliance with the requirements of this subsection (g)
must be determined every six months, as specified under Section 611.357(d). A
water system is out of compliance with the requirements of this subsection for a
six-month period if it has excursions for any Agency-specified parameter on more
than nine days during the period. An excursion occurs whenever the daily value for
one or more of the water quality parameters measured at a sampling location is
below the minimum value or outside the range designated by the Agency. Daily
values are calculated as provided in subsections (g)(1) through (g)(3) of this
Section. The Agency must delete results that it determines are obvious sampling
errors from this calculation.
1) On days when more than one measurement for the water quality parameter
is collected at the sampling location, the daily value must be the average of
all results collected during the day regardless of whether the samples are
32
collected through continuous monitoring, grab sampling, or a combination of
both.
BOARD NOTE: Corresponding 40 CFR 141.82(g)(1) further provides as
follows: If USEPA approves an alternative formula under 40 CFR 142.16
in the State’s application for a program revision submitted pursuant to 40
CFR 142.12, the State’s formula must be used to aggregate multiple
measurements taken at a sampling point for the water quality parameter in
lieu of the formula in this subsection.
2) On days when only one measurement for the water quality parameter is
collected at the sampling location, the daily value must be the result of that
measurement.
3) On days when no measurement is collected for the water quality parameter
at the sampling location, the daily value must be the daily value calculated
on the most recent day on which the water quality parameter was measured
at the sample site.
1) All suppliers shall maintain water quality parameter values at or above
minimum values or within ranges approved by the Agency under subsection
(f) above, in each sample collected under Section 611.357(d).
2) If the water quality parameter value of any sample is below the minimum
value or outside the range approved by the Agency, then the supplier is out
of compliance with this subsection.
3) As specified in Section 611.357(d)(3), the supplier may take a confirmation
sample for any water quality parameter value no later than 3 days after the
first sample. If a confirmation sample is taken, the result must be averaged
with the first sampling result, and the average must be used for any
compliance determinations under this subsection. The Agency may delete
results of obvious sampling errors from this calculation.
h)
Modification of Agency treatment decisions.
1)
On its own initiative, or in response to a request by a supplier, the Agency
may, by a SEP issued pursuant to this subsection and Section 611.110,
modify its determination of the optimal corrosion control treatment under
subsection (d) above of this Section or of the optimal water quality control
parameters under subsection (f) above of this Section.
2)
A request for modification must be in writing, explain why the modification
is appropriate, and provide supporting documentation.
33
3)
The Agency may modify its determination where it determines that such
change is necessary to ensure that the supplier continues to optimize
corrosion control treatment. A revised determination must set forth the new
treatment requirements, explain the basis for the Agency’s decision, and
provide an implementation schedule for completing the treatment
modifications.
4)
Any interested person may submit information to the Agency bearing on
whether the Agency should, within its discretion, issue a SEP to modify its
determination pursuant to subsection (h)(1) above of this Section. An
Agency determination not to act on a submission of such information by an
interested person is not an Agency determination for the purposes of
Sections 39 and 40 of the Act.
i)
Treatment decisions by USEPA. Pursuant to the procedures in 40 CFR 142.19, the
USEPA Regional Administrator has reserved the prerogative to review treatment
determinations made by the Agency under subsections (d), (f), or (h) above of this
Section and issue federal treatment determinations consistent with the requirements
of 40 CFR 141.82(d), (e), or (h), where the Regional Administrator finds that the
following is true:
1)
the The Agency has failed to issue a treatment determination by the
applicable deadlines contained in Section 611.351 (40 CFR 141.81),
2)
the The Agency has abused its discretion in a substantial number of cases or
in cases affecting a substantial population, or
3)
the The technical aspects of the Agency’s determination would be
indefensible in an expected federal enforcement action taken against a
supplier.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.82 (1992) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2004
(Jan. 12, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.354
Lead Service Line Replacement
a)
Suppliers required to replace lead service lines.
1)
If the results from tap samples taken pursuant to Section 611.356(d)(2)
exceed the lead action level after the supplier has installed corrosion
control or source water treatment (whichever sampling occurs later), the
supplier shall must recommence replacing lead service lines in accordance
with the requirements of subsection (b) below of this Section.
34
2)
If a supplier is in violation of Section 611.351 or Section 611.353 for
failure to install source water or corrosion control treatment, the Agency
may, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, require the supplier to
commence lead service line replacement under this Section after the date by
which the supplier was required to conduct monitoring under Section
611.356(d)(2) has passed.
b)
Annual replacement of lead service lines.
1)
A supplier required to commence lead service line replacement pursuant to
subsection (a) above of this Section shall must annually replace at least 7
seven percent of the initial number of lead service lines in its distribution
system.
2)
The initial number of lead service lines is the number of lead lines in place
at the time the replacement program begins.
3)
The supplier shall must identify the initial number of lead service lines in
its distribution system, including an identification of the portions of the
system owned by the supplier, based on a materials evaluation, including
the evaluation required under Section 611.356(a) and relevant legal
authorities (e.g. contracts, local ordinances) regarding the portion owned by
the system.
4)
The first year of lead service line replacement shall must begin on the date
the supplier exceeded the action level in tap sampling referenced in
subsection (a) above of this Section.
c)
Service lines not needing replacement. A supplier is not required to replace any
individual lead service line for which the lead concentrations in all service line
samples taken from that line pursuant to Section 611.356(b)(3) are less than or
equal to 0.015 mg/L.
d) A water supplier must replace that portion of the lead service line that it owns. In
cases where the supplier does not own the entire lead service line, the supplier
must notify the owner of the line, or the owner’s authorized agent, that the supplier
will replace the portion of the service line that it owns and must offer to replace the
owner’s portion of the line. A supplier is not required to bear the cost of replacing
the privately-owned portion of the line, nor is it required to replace the privately-
owned portion where the owner chooses not to pay the cost of replacing the
privately-owned portion of the line, or where replacing the privately-owned
portion would be precluded by State, local or common law. A water supplier that
does not replace the entire length of the service line also must complete the
following tasks:
1) Notice Prior to Commencement of Work.
35
A) At least 45 days prior to commencing the partial replacement of a
lead service line, the water supplier must provide notice to the
residents of all buildings served by the line explaining that they may
experience a temporary increase of lead levels in their drinking
water, along with guidance on measures consumers can take to
minimize their exposure to lead.
B) The Agency, by issuing an appropriate SEP, may allow the water
supplier to provide notice under the previous sentence less than 45
days prior to commencing partial lead service line replacement
where it determines that such replacement is in conjunction with
emergency repairs.
C) In addition, the water supplier must inform the residents served by
the line that the supplier will, at the supplier’s expense, collect a
sample from each partially-replaced lead service line that is
representative of the water in the service line for analysis of lead
content, as prescribed by Section 611.356(b)(3), within 72 hours
after the completion of the partial replacement of the service line.
The supplier must collect the sample and report the results of the
analysis to the owner and the residents served by the line within
three business days of receiving the results.
D) Mailed notices post-marked within three business days of receiving
the results must be considered “on time”.
2) The water supplier must provide the information required by subsection
(d)(1) of this Section to the residents of individual dwellings by mail or by
other methods approved by the Agency by a SEP issued pursuant to Section
611.110. In instances where multi-family dwellings are served by the
service line, the water supplier must have the option to post the information
at a conspicuous location.
d) Replacement of service line.
1) A supplier required to replace a lead service line pursuant to subsection (a)
above shall replace the entire service line (up to the building inlet) unless
the Agency determines pursuant to subsection (e) below that the supplier
controls less than the entire service line.
2) Replacement of less than the entire service line.
A) Where the Agency has determined that the supplier controls less
than the entire service line, the supplier shall replace that portion of
the line that the Agency determines is under the supplier’s control.
36
B) The supplier that will replace less than the entire service line shall
notify the user served by the line that the supplier will replace that
portion of the service line under its control, and the supplier shall
offer to replace the remaining portion of the service line that is
under the building owner’s control.
C) The supplier required to replace less than the entire service line is
not required to bear the cost of replacing any portion of the service
line that is under the building owner’s control.
D) Offer to collect samples.
i) For buildings where only a portion of the lead service line is
replaced, the supplier shall inform the resident(s) that the
supplier will collect a first draw tap water sample after
partial replacement of the service line is completed if the
resident(s) so desire.
ii) In cases where the resident(s) accept the offer, the supplier
shall collect the sample and report the results to the
resident(s) within 14 days following partial lead service
line replacement.
e) Control of entire service line.
1) A supplier is presumed to control the entire lead service line (up to the
building inlet) unless the supplier demonstrates to the satisfaction of the
Agency, in a letter submitted under Section 611.360(e)(4), that it does not
have any of the following forms of control over the entire line (as defined
by state statutes, municipal ordinances, public service contracts or other
applicable legal authority):
A) authority to set standards for construction, repair, or maintenance of
the line;
B) authority to replace, repair, or maintain the service line; or
C) ownership of the service line.
2) Agency determinations.
A) The Agency shall review the information provided by the supplier
and determine the following:
37
i) whether the supplier controls less than the entire service
line, and
ii) where the supplier controls less than the entire service line,
the Agency shall determine the extent of the supplier’s
control.
B) The Agency shall make its determination of the extent of a
supplier’s control of a service line as a SEP pursuant to Section
611.110, and the Agency shall explain the basis for its
determination.
BOARD NOTE: See Section 611.360(e)(4) and the Board Note that follows. The
court in American Water Works Association v. EPA, 40 F.3d 1266 (D.C. Cir.
1994), vacated U.S. EPA’s definition of “control” to the extent it would require the
supplier to exert “control” over a privately-owned service connection. The Board
does not intend that the Illinois definition give the State regulations more effect than
the federal definition gives the U.S. EPA regulations.
fe)
Agency determination of shorter replacement schedule.
1)
The Agency shall must, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110,
require a supplier to replace lead service lines on a shorter schedule than
that otherwise required by this Section if it determines, taking into account
the number of lead service lines in the system, that such a shorter
replacement schedule is feasible.
2)
The Agency shall must notify the supplier of its finding pursuant to
subsection (f)(1) above (e)(1) of this Section within 6 six months after the
supplier is triggered into lead service line replacement based on
monitoring, as referenced in subsection (a) above of this Section.
gf)
Cessation of service line replacement.
1)
Any supplier may cease replacing lead service lines whenever it fulfills
both of the following conditions:
A)
first First draw tap samples collected pursuant to Section
611.356(b)(2) meet the lead action level during each of two
consecutive six-month monitoring periods; and
B)
the The supplier has submitted those results to the Agency.
2)
If any of the supplier’s first draw tap samples thereafter exceed the lead
action level, the supplier shall must recommence replacing lead service
lines pursuant to subsection (b) above of this Section.
38
hg)
To demonstrate compliance with subsections (a) through (d) above of this Section,
a supplier shall must report to the Agency the information specified in Section
611.360(e).
BOARD NOTE Derived from 40 CFR 141.84 (1994) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2005
(Jan. 12, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.355
Public Education and Supplemental Monitoring
A supplier that exceeds the lead action level based on tap water samples collected in accordance
with Section 611.356 shall must deliver the public education materials required by subsections (a)
and (b) below of this Section in accordance with the requirements of subsection (c) below of this
Section.
a)
Content of written materials.
1) Community water systems. A CWS supplier shall must include the text set
forth in Section 611.Appendix E of this Part in all of the printed materials it
distributes through its lead public education program. A supplier may
delete information pertaining to lead service lines, upon approval by the
Agency by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, if no lead service
lines exist anywhere in the water system service area. Public education
language at paragraphs (4)(B)(5) and (4)(D)(2) of Appendix E of this Part
may be modified regarding building permit record availability and
consumer access to these records, if approved by the Agency by a SEP
issued pursuant to Section 611.110. A supplier may also continue to utilize
pre-printed materials that meet the public education language requirements
in 40 CFR 141.85 (1991). Any additional information presented by a
supplier shall must be consistent with the information in Section
611.Appendix E of this Part and be in plain English that can be understood
by laypersons lay persons.
BOARD NOTE: At corresponding 40 CFR 141.85(a)(1) (1999), as
amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2005 (Jan. 12, 2000), USEPA allowed the use of
pre-printed copies of the public notices whose content met the requirements
of the original lead and copper rule adopted on June 7, 1991 (56 Fed. Reg.
26548). Rather than reference a prior version of this Section of the Illinois
rules, the Board has retained the federal reference to the prior requirements
in this subsection (a)(1).
2) Non-transient non-community water systems. A NTNCWS must either
include the text specified in subsection (a)(1) of this Section or must
include the text set forth in Appendix F of this Part in all of the printed
39
materials it distributes through its lead public education program. A water
supplier may delete information pertaining to lead service lines upon
approval by the Agency by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110 if no
lead service lines exist anywhere in the water system service area. Any
additional information presented by a supplier must be consistent with the
information below and be in plain English that can be understood by lay
persons.
b)
Content of broadcast materials. A supplier shall must include the following
information in all public service announcements submitted under its lead public
education program to television and radio stations for broadcast:
1)
Why should everyone want to know the facts about lead and drinking water?
Because unhealthy amounts of lead can enter drinking water through the
plumbing in your home. That’s why I urge you to do what I did. I had my
water tested for [insert free or $ per sample]. You can contact the [insert
the name of the city or supplier] for information on testing and on simple
ways to reduce your exposure to lead in drinking water.
2)
To have your water tested for lead, or to get more information about this
public health concern, please call [insert the phone number of the city or
supplier].
c)
Delivery of a public education program.
1)
In communities where a significant proportion of the population speaks a
language other than English, public education materials shall must be
communicated in the appropriate language(s) languages.
2)
A CWS supplier that exceeds the lead action level on the basis of tap water
samples collected in accordance with Section 611.356 and which is not
already repeating public education tasks pursuant to subsection (c)(3),
(c)(7), or (c)(8) of this Section shall must, within 60 days, do each of the
following:
A)
insert Insert notices in each customer’s water utility bill or
disseminate to each customer by separately mailing a notice
containing the information required by subsection (a)(1) above of
this Section, along with the following alert in large print on the
water bill itself: “SOME HOMES IN THIS COMMUNITY HAVE
ELEVATED LEAD LEVELS IN THEIR DRINKING WATER.
LEAD CAN POSE A SIGNIFICANT RISK TO YOUR HEALTH.
PLEASE READ THE ENCLOSED NOTICE FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION.” A CWS supplier having a billing cycle that does
not include a billing within 60 days of exceeding the action level or
a CWS supplier that cannot insert information in the water utility
40
bill without making major changes to its billing system may use a
separate mailing to deliver the information in subsection (a)(1) of
this Section, as long as the information is delivered to each
customer within 60 days of exceeding the action level. Such a water
supplier must also include the “alert” language specified in this
subsection (c)(2)(A);
B)
submit Submit the information required by subsection (a)(1) above
of this Section to the editorial departments of the major daily and
weekly newspapers circulated throughout the community;
C)
deliver Deliver pamphlets or brochures that contain the public
education materials in subsections paragraphs (a)(2) and (a)(4)
above of Appendix E of this Part to facilities and organizations,
including the following:
i)
public Public schools or local school boards;
ii)
the The city or county health department;
iii)
Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and Head Start
program(s) programs, whenever available;
iv)
public Public and private hospitals and clinics;
v)
pediatriciansPediatricians;
vi)
family Family planning clinics; and
vii)
local Local welfare agencies; and
D)
submit Submit the public service announcement in subsection (b)
above of this Section to at least five of the radio and television
stations with the largest audiences within the community served by
the supplier.
3)
A CWS supplier shall must repeat the tasks contained in subsections
(c)(2)(A) through (c)(2)(D) above of this Section for as long as the supplier
exceeds the lead action level, at the following minimum frequency:
A)
those Those of subsections (c)(2)(A) through (c)(2)(C) above of this
Section: every 12 months, and
B)
those Those of subsection (c)(2)(D) above of this Section every 6
six months.
41
4)
Within 60 days after it exceeds the lead action level (unless it already is
repeating public education tasks pursuant to subsection (c)(5) of this
Section), a NTNCWS supplier shall must deliver the public education
materials contained in Section 611.Appendix E(1), (2), and (4) Appendix E
or F of this Part, as follows:
A)
post Post informational posters on lead in drinking water in a public
place or common area in each of the buildings served by the
supplier; and
B)
distribute Distribute informational pamphlets or brochures on lead
in drinking water to each person served by the NTNCWS supplier.
The Agency may, by a SEP granted pursuant to Section 611.110,
allow the system to utilize electronic transmission in lieu of or
combined with printed materials as long as it achieves at least the
same coverage.
5)
A NTNCWS supplier shall must repeat the tasks contained in subsection
(c)(4) above of this Section at least once during each calendar year in
which the supplier exceeds the lead action level.
6)
A supplier may discontinue delivery of public education materials after it
has met the lead action level during the most recent six-month monitoring
period conducted pursuant to Section 611.356. Such a supplier shall must
begin public education anew in accordance with this Section if it
subsequently exceeds the lead action level during any six-month monitoring
period.
7) A CWS supplier may apply to the Agency, in writing, to use the text
specified in Appendix F of this Part in lieu of the text in Appendix E of this
Part and to perform the tasks listed in subsections (c)(4) and (c)(5) of this
Section in lieu of the tasks in subsections (c)(2) and (c)(3) of this section if:
A) The supplier is a facility, such as a prison or a hospital, where the
population served is not capable of or is prevented from making
improvements to plumbing or installing point of use treatment
devices; and
B) The system provides water as part of the cost of services provided,
and it does not separately charge for water consumption.
8) Reduced requirements for certain smaller CWS suppliers.
A) A CWS supplier serving 3,300 or fewer people may omit the task
contained in subsection (c)(2)(D) of this Section. As long as it
distributes notices containing the information contained in Appendix
42
E of this Part to every household served by the system, such a
supplier may further limit its public education programs as follows:
i) A supplier serving 500 or fewer people may forego the task
contained in subsection (c)(2)(B) of this Section. Such a
system may limit the distribution of the public education
materials required under subsection (c)(2)(C) of this Section
to facilities and organizations served by the supplier that are
most likely to be visited regularly by pregnant women and
children, unless it is notified by the Agency in writing that it
must make a broader distribution.
ii) If approved by the Agency by a SEP issued pursuant to
Section 611.110, a system serving 501 to 3,300 people may
omit the task in subsection (c)(2)(B) of this Section or limit
the distribution of the public education materials required
under subsection (c)(2)(C) of this Section to facilities and
organizations served by the system that are most likely to be
visited regularly by pregnant women and children.
B) A CWS supplier serving 3,300 or fewer people that delivers public
education in accordance with subsection (c)(8)(A) of this Section
must repeat the required public education tasks at least once during
each calendar year in which the supplier exceeds the lead action
level.
d)
Supplemental monitoring and notification of results. A supplier that fails to meet
the lead action level on the basis of tap samples collected in accordance with
Section 611.356 shall must offer to sample the tap water of any customer who
requests it. The supplier is not required to pay for collecting or analyzing the
sample, nor is the supplier required to collect and analyze the sample itself.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.85 (1992) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2005
(Jan. 12, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.356
Tap Water Monitoring for Lead and Copper
a)
Sample site location.
1)
Selecting a pool of targeted sampling sites.
A)
By the applicable date for commencement of monitoring under
subsection (d)(1) below of this Section, each supplier shall must
complete a materials evaluation of its distribution system in order to
43
identify a pool of targeted sampling sites that meets the requirements
of this Section.
B)
The pool of targeted sampling sites must be sufficiently large to
ensure that the supplier can collect the number of lead and copper
tap samples required by subsection (c) below of this Section.
C)
The supplier shall must select the sites for collection of first draw
samples from this pool of targeted sampling sites.
D)
The supplier shall must not select as sampling sites any faucets that
have point-of-use or point-of-entry treatment devices designed to
remove or capable of removing inorganic contaminants.
2)
Materials evaluation.
A)
A supplier shall must use the information on lead, copper, and
galvanized steel collected pursuant to 40 CFR 141.42(d) (special
monitoring for corrosivity characteristics) when conducting a
materials evaluation.
B)
When an evaluation of the information collected pursuant to 40 CFR
141.42(d) is insufficient to locate the requisite number of lead and
copper sampling sites that meet the targeting criteria in subsection
(a) above of this Section, the supplier shall must review the
following sources of information in order to identify a sufficient
number of sampling sites:
i)
all All plumbing codes, permits, and records in the files of
the building department(s) departments that indicate the
plumbing materials that are installed within publicly- and
privately-owned structures connected to the distribution
system;
ii)
all All inspections and records of the distribution system that
indicate the material composition of the service connections
which connect a structure to the distribution system;
iii)
all All existing water quality information, which includes the
results of all prior analyses of the system or individual
structures connected to the system, indicating locations that
may be particularly susceptible to high lead or copper
concentrations; and
iv)
the The supplier shall must seek to collect such information
where possible in the course of its normal operations (e.g.,
44
checking service line materials when reading water meters
or performing maintenance activities).
3)
Tiers of sampling sites. Suppliers shall must categorize the sampling sites
within their pool according to the following tiers:
A)
CWS Tier 1 sampling sites. “CWS Tier 1 sampling sites” shall
must include the following single-family structures:
i)
those Those that contain copper pipes with lead solder
installed after 1982 or which contain lead pipes; or
ii)
those Those that are served by a lead service line.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(3)(A) was derived from segments
of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(3) (1999). This allows the pool of CWS tier
1 sampling sites to consist exclusively of structures served by lead
service lines.
B)
CWS Tier 2 sampling sites. “CWS Tier 2 sampling sites” shall
must include the following buildings, including multiple-family
structures:
i)
those Those that contain copper pipes with lead solder
installed after 1982 or contain lead pipes; or
ii)
those Those that are served by a lead service line.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(3)(B) was derived from segments
of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(4) (1999). This allows the pool of CWS tier
2 sampling sites to consist exclusively of structures served by lead
service lines.
C)
CWS Tier 3 sampling sites. “CWS Tier 3 sampling sites” shall
must include the following single-family structures: those that
contain copper pipes with lead solder installed before 1983.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(3)(C) was derived from segments
of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(5) (1999).
D)
NTNCWS Tier 1 sampling sites. “NTNCWS Tier 1 sampling sites”
shall must include the following buildings:
i)
those Those that contain copper pipes with lead solder
installed after 1982 or which contain lead pipes; or
45
ii)
those Those that are served by a lead service line.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(3)(D) was derived from segments
of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(6) (1999). This allows the pool of NTNCWS
tier 1 sampling sites to consist exclusively of buildings served by
lead service lines.
E)
Alternative NTNCWS sampling sites. “Alternative NTNCWS
sampling sites” shall must include the following buildings: those
that contain copper pipes with lead solder installed before 1983.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(3)(E) was derived from segments
of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(7) (1999).
4)
Selection of sampling sites. Suppliers shall must select sampling sites for
their sampling pool as follows:
A)
CWS Suppliers. CWS suppliers shall must use CWS tier 1
sampling sites, except that the supplier may include CWS tier 2 or
CWS tier 3 sampling sites in its sampling pool as follows:
i)
If multiple-family residences comprise at least 20 percent of
the structures served by a supplier, the supplier may use
CWS tier 2 sampling sites in its sampling pool; or
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(4)(A)(i) was derived from
a segment of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(3)(ii) (1999).
ii)
If the CWS supplier has an insufficient number of CWS tier
1 sampling sites on its distribution system, the supplier may
use CWS tier 2 sampling sites in its sampling pool; or
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(4)(A)(ii) was derived from
a segment of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(4) (1999).
iii)
If fewer than 20 percent of the structures served by the
supplier are multiple-family residences, and the CWS
supplier has an insufficient number of CWS tier 1 and CWS
tier 2 sampling sites on its distribution system, the supplier
may complete its sampling pool with CWS tier 3 sampling
sites.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(4)(A)(iii) was derived
from a segment of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(5) (1999).
46
iv)
If the CWS supplier has an insufficient number of CWS tier
1 sampling sites, CWS tier 2 sampling sites, and CWS tier 3
sampling sites, the supplier shall must use those CWS tier 1
sampling sites, CWS tier 2 sampling sites, and CWS tier 3
sampling sites that it has, and the supplier shall randomly
select an additional complete its sampling pool of with
representative sites on throughout its distribution system for
the balance of its sampling sites. For the purpose of this
subsection (a)(4)(A)(iv), a representative site is a site in
which the plumbing materials used at that site would be
commonly found at other sites served by the water system.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(4)(A)(iv) was derived
from segments of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(5) (1999), as amended
at 65 Fed. Reg. 2007 (Jan. 12, 2000).
B)
NTNCWS suppliers.
i)
An NTNCWS supplier shall must select NTNCWS tier 1
sampling sites for its sampling pool, except if the NTNCWS
supplier has an insufficient number of NTNCWS tier 1
sampling sites, the supplier may complete its sampling pool
with alternative NTNCWS sampling sites.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(4)(B)(i) was derived from
segments of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(6) (1999).
ii) If the NTNCWS supplier has an insufficient number of
NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites, the supplier may complete
its sampling pool with alternative NTNCWS sampling sites.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(4)(B)(ii) was derived from
segments of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(7) (1999).
iiiii)
If the NTNCWS supplier has an insufficient number of
NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites and NTNCWS alternative
sampling sites, the supplier shall must use those NTNCWS
tier 1 sampling sites and NTNCWS alternative sampling
sites that it has, and the supplier shall randomly select an
additional pool of representative sites throughout its
distribution system for the balance of its sampling sites. For
the purpose of this subsection (a)(4)(B)(ii), a representative
site is a site in which the plumbing materials used at that site
would be commonly found at other sites served by the water
system.
47
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(4)(B)(iii) was derived
from segments of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(7) (1999), as amended
at 65 Fed. Reg. 2007 (Jan. 12, 2000).
C) Agency submission by suppliers with an insufficient number of
CWS or NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites.
i) Any CWS or NTNCWS supplier whose sampling pool does
not include a sufficient number of sites to consist exclusively
of CWS tier 1 sampling sites or NTNCWS tier 1 sampling
sites, as appropriate, shall submit a letter to the Agency
under Section 611.360(a)(2) that demonstrates why a review
of the information listed in subsection (a)(2) above was
inadequate to locate a sufficient number of CWS tier 1
sampling sites or NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites.
ii) Any CWS supplier that wants to include CWS tier 3
sampling sites in its sampling pool shall demonstrate in a
letter to the Agency why it was unable to locate a sufficient
number of CWS tier 1 sampling sites and CWS tier 2
sampling sites.
iii) If the Agency determines, based on the information submitted
pursuant to subsection (a)(4)(C)(i) or (a)(4)(C)(ii) above,
that either the information was inadequate to locate a
sufficient number of CWS tier 1 sampling sites or NTNCWS
tier 1 sampling sites, or that the supplier was unable to
locate a sufficient number of CWS tier 1 sampling sites and
CWS tier 2 sampling sites, the Agency shall issue a SEP to
the supplier pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows it to use
CWS tier 2 sampling sites, NTNCWS tier 2 sampling sites,
or CWS tier 3 sampling sites, as appropriate.
DC)
Suppliers with lead service lines. Any supplier whose distribution
system contains lead service lines shall must draw samples during
each six-month monitoring period from sampling sites as follows:
i)
50 percent of the samples from sampling sites that contain
lead pipes or from sampling sites that have copper pipes
with lead solder, and
ii)
50 percent of those samples from sites served by a lead
service line.
iii)
A supplier that cannot identify a sufficient number of
sampling sites served by a lead service line shall
48
demonstrate in a letter to the Agency under Section
611.360(a)(4) that it was unable to locate a sufficient
number of such sites must collect first-draw samples from
all of the sites identified as being served by such lines.
iv) If the Agency determines, based on the information submitted
pursuant to subsection (a)(4)(D)(iii) above, that a supplier
that cannot identify a sufficient number of sampling sites
served by a lead service line, the Agency shall issue a SEP
to the supplier pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows it to
collect first draw samples from all of the sites on its
distribution system identified as being served by such lines.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(4)(C) was derived from
segments of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(8) (1999), as renumbered
and amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2007 (Jan. 12, 2000). This
allows the pool of sampling sites to consist exclusively of
structures or buildings served by lead service lines.
b)
Sample collection methods.
1)
All tap samples for lead and copper collected in accordance with this
Subpart, with the exception of lead service line samples collected under
Section 611.354(c) and samples collected under subsection (b)(5) of this
Section, shall must be first-draw samples.
2)
First-draw tap samples.
A)
Each first-draw tap sample for lead and copper shall must be one
liter in volume and have stood motionless in the plumbing system of
each sampling site for at least six hours.
B)
First-draw samples from residential housing shall must be collected
from the cold water kitchen tap or bathroom sink tap.
C)
First-draw samples from a non-residential building shall must be
one liter in volume and must be collected at an interior tap from
which water is typically drawn for consumption.
D Non-first-draw samples collected in lieu of first-draw samples
pursuant to subsection (b)(5) of this Section must be one liter in
volume and must be collected at an interior tap from which water is
typically drawn for consumption.
DE)
First-draw samples may be collected by the supplier or the supplier
may allow residents to collect first-draw samples after instructing
49
the residents of the sampling procedures specified in this subsection
(b).
i)
To avoid problems of residents handling nitric acid,
acidification of first-draw samples may be done up to 14
days after the sample is collected.
ii)
If the first-draw sample is not acidified immediately after
collection, then After acidification to resolubilize the metals,
the sample must stand in the original container for at least 28
hours after acidification the time specified in the approved
USEPA method before the sample can be analyzed.
EF)
If a supplier allows residents to perform sampling under subsection
(b)(2)(D) above of this Section, the supplier may not challenge the
accuracy of sampling results based on alleged errors in sample
collection.
3)
Service line samples.
A)
Each service line sample shall must be one liter in volume and have
stood motionless in the lead service line for at least six hours.
B)
Lead service line samples shall must be collected in one of the
following three ways:
i)
at At the tap after flushing that volume of water calculated as
being between the tap and the lead service line based on the
interior diameter and length of the pipe between the tap and
the lead service line;
ii)
tapping Tapping directly into the lead service line; or
iii)
if If the sampling site is a single-family structure, allowing
the water to run until there is a significant change in
temperature that would be indicative of water that has been
standing in the lead service line.
4)
Follow-up first-draw tap samples.
A)
A supplier shall must collect each follow-up first-draw tap sample
from the same sampling site from which it collected the previous
sample(s) samples.
B)
If, for any reason, the supplier cannot gain entry to a sampling site in
order to collect a follow-up tap sample, the supplier may collect the
50
follow-up tap sample from another sampling site in its sampling
pool, as long as the new site meets the same targeting criteria and is
within reasonable proximity of the original site.
5) Substitute non-first-draw samples.
A) A NTNCWS supplier or a CWS supplier that meets the criteria of
Sections 611.355(c)(7)(A) and (c)(7)(B), that does not have enough
taps that can supply first-draw samples, as defined in Section
611.102, may apply to the Agency in writing to substitute non-first-
draw samples by a SEP granted under Section 611.110.
B) A supplier approved to substitute non-first-draw samples must
collect as many first-draw samples from appropriate taps as
possible and identify sampling times and locations that would likely
result in the longest standing time for the remaining sites.
C The Agency may grant a SEP that waives the requirement for prior
Agency approval of non-first-draw sample sites selected by the
system.
c)
Number of samples.
1)
Suppliers shall must collect at least one sample from the number of sites
listed in the first column of Section 611.Table D of this Part (labelled
“standard monitoring”) during each six-month monitoring period specified
in subsection (d) below of this Section.
2)
A supplier conducting reduced monitoring pursuant to subsection (d)(4)
below of this Section may must collect one sample from the number of sites
specified in the second column of Section 611.Table D of this Part
(labelled “reduced monitoring”) during each reduced monitoring period
specified in subsection (d)(4) below of this Section. Such reduced
monitoring sites must be representative of the sites required for standard
monitoring. The Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110,
specify sampling locations when a system is conducting reduced
monitoring.
d)
Timing of monitoring.
1)
Initial tap sampling. The first six-month monitoring period for small,
medium-sized and large system suppliers shall must begin on the dates
specified in Section 611.Table E of this Part.
A)
All large system suppliers shall must monitor during each of two
consecutive six-month periods.
51
B)
All small and medium-sized system suppliers shall must monitor
during each consecutive six-month monitoring period until the
following is true:
i)
the The supplier exceeds the lead action level or the copper
action level and is therefore required to implement the
corrosion control treatment requirements under Section
611.351, in which case the supplier shall must continue
monitoring in accordance with subsection (d)(2) below of
this Section, or
ii)
the The supplier meets the lead action level and the copper
action level during each of two consecutive six-month
monitoring periods, in which case the supplier may reduce
monitoring in accordance with subsection (d)(4) below of
this Section.
2)
Monitoring after installation of corrosion control and source water
treatment.
A)
Any large system supplier that installs optimal corrosion control
treatment pursuant to Section 611.351(d)(4) shall must monitor
during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods before
the date specified in Section 611.351(d)(5).
B)
Any small or medium-sized system supplier that installs optimal
corrosion control treatment pursuant to Section 611.351(e)(5) shall
must monitor during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring
periods before the date specified in Section 611.351(e)(6).
C)
Any supplier that installs source water treatment pursuant to Section
611.353(a)(3) shall must monitor during each of two consecutive
six-month monitoring periods before the date specified in Section
611.353(a)(4).
3)
Monitoring after the Agency specification of water quality parameter values
for optimal corrosion control. After the Agency specifies the values for
water quality control parameters pursuant to Section 611.352(f), the
supplier shall must monitor during each subsequent six-month monitoring
period, with the first six-month monitoring period to begin on the date the
Agency specifies the optimal values.
4)
Reduced monitoring.
52
A)
Reduction to annual for small and medium-sized system suppliers
meeting the lead and copper action levels. A small or medium-
sized system supplier that meets the lead and copper action levels
during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods may
reduce the number of samples in accordance with subsection (c)
above of this Section, and reduce the frequency of sampling to once
per year.
B)
SEP allowing reduction to annual for suppliers maintaining water
quality control parameters.
i)
The Agency shall, by a SEP granted pursuant to Section
611.110, allow any Any supplier to that maintains the range
of values for the water quality control parameters reflecting
optimal corrosion control treatment specified by the Agency
under Section 611.352(f) during each of two consecutive
six-month monitoring periods may reduce the frequency of
monitoring to annual once per year and the number of lead
and copper samples to that specified by subsection (c)
above if it determines that a supplier has, during each of two
consecutive six-month monitoring periods, maintained the
range of values for the water quality control parameters
specified pursuant to Section 611.352(f) as reflecting
optimal corrosion control treatment receives written
approval from the Agency in the form of a SEP granted
pursuant to Section 611.110.
ii)
Any supplier may request a SEP if it concurrently provides
the Agency with the information necessary to support a
determination under subsection (d)(4)(B)(i) aboveThe
Agency must review monitoring, treatment, and other
relevant information submitted by the water system in
accordance with Section 611.360, and must notify the system
in writing by a SEP granted pursuant to Sections 611.110
when it determines the system is eligible to reduce its
monitoring frequency to once every three years pursuant to
this subsection (d)(4).
iii) The Agency shall set forth the basis for its determination
under subsection (d)(4)(B)(i) above.
iviii)
The Agency shall, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section
611.110, must review, and where appropriate, revise its
determination under subsection (d)(4)(B)(i) above of this
Section determination when the supplier submits new
monitoring or treatment data, or when other data relevant to
53
the number and frequency of tap sampling becomes available
to the Agency.
C)
Reduction to triennial for small and medium-sized system suppliers.
i)
Small and medium-sized system suppliers meeting lead and
copper action levels. A small or medium-sized system
supplier that meets the lead and copper action levels during
three consecutive years of monitoring may reduce the
frequency of monitoring for lead and copper from annually
to once every three years.
ii)
SEP for suppliers meeting optimal corrosion control
treatment. The Agency shall, by a SEP granted pursuant to
Section 611.110, allow a Any supplier to that maintains the
range of values for the water quality control parameters
reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment specified by
the Agency under Section 611.352(f) during three
consecutive years of monitoring may reduce its monitoring
frequency of monitoring from annual to triennial once every
three years if it determines that the supplier, during each of
three consecutive years of monitoring, has maintained the
range of values for the water quality control parameters
specified as representing optimal corrosion control
treatment pursuant to Section 611.352(f) receives written
approval from the Agency in the form of a SEP granted
pursuant to Section 611.110. Any supplier may request a
SEP if it concurrently provides the Agency with the
information necessary to support a determination under this
subsection. The Agency shall set forth the basis for its
determination.
iii) The Agency, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110,
shall must review, and where appropriate, revise its
determination under subsection (d)(4)(C)(ii) of this Section
when the supplier submits new monitoring or treatment data,
or when other data relevant to the number and frequency of
tap sampling becomes available to the Agency.
D)
Sampling at a reduced frequency. A supplier that reduces the
number and frequency of sampling shall must collect these samples
from representative sites included in the pool of targeted sampling
sites identified in subsection (a) above of this Section,
preferentially selecting those sampling sites from the highest tier
first. Suppliers sampling annually or less frequently shall must
conduct the lead and copper tap sampling during the months of June,
54
July, August, or September unless the Agency has approved a
different sampling period in accordance with subsection
(d)(4)(D)(i) of this Section.
i) The Agency may grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110
that approves a different period for conducting the lead and
copper tap sampling for systems collecting a reduced
number of samples. Such a period must be no longer than
four consecutive months and must represent a time of normal
operation where the highest levels of lead are most likely to
occur. For a NTNCWS supplier that does not operate
during the months of June through September and for which
the period of normal operation where the highest levels of
lead are most likely to occur is not known, the Agency must
designate a period that represents a time of normal operation
for the system.
ii) A supplier monitoring annually that has been collecting
samples during the months of June through September and
which receives Agency approval to alter its sample
collection period under subsection (d)(4)(D)(i) of this
Section must collect its next round of samples during a time
period that ends no later than 21 months after the previous
round of sampling. A supplier monitoring once every three
years that has been collecting samples during the months of
June through September and which receives Agency
approval to alter the sampling collection period as provided
in subsection (d)(4)(D)(i) of this Section must collect its
next round of samples during a time period that ends no later
than 45 months after the previous round of sampling.
Subsequent rounds of sampling must be collected annually or
once every three years, as required by this Section. A small
system supplier with a waiver granted pursuant to subsection
(g) of this Section that has been collecting samples during
the months of June through September and which receives
Agency approval to alter its sample collection period under
subsection (d)(4)(D)(i) of this Section must collect its next
round of samples before the end of the nine-year compliance
cycle (as that term is defined in Section 611.101).
E) Any water system that demonstrates for two consecutive six-month
monitoring periods that the tap water lead level computed under
Section 611.350(c)(3) is less than or equal to 0.005 mg/L and that
the tap water copper level computed under Section 611.350(c)(3) is
less than or equal to 0.65 mg/L may reduce the number of samples in
accordance with subsection (c) of this Section and reduce the
55
frequency of sampling to once every three calendar years.
EF)
Resumption of standard monitoring.
i)
Small or medium-sized suppliers exceeding lead or copper
action level. A small or medium-sized system supplier
subject to reduced monitoring that exceeds the lead action
level or the copper action level shall must resume sampling
in accordance subsection (d)(3) above of this Section and
collect the number of samples specified for standard
monitoring under subsection (c) above of this Section. Such
a supplier shall must also conduct water quality parameter
monitoring in accordance with Section 611.357 (b), (c), or
(d) (as appropriate) during the six-month monitoring period
in which it exceeded the action level. Any such supplier
may resume annual monitoring for lead and copper at the tap
at the reduced number of sites specified in subsection (c) of
this Section after it has completed two subsequent
consecutive six-month rounds of monitoring that meet the
criteria of subsection (d)(4)(A) of this Section. Any such
supplier may resume monitoring once every three years for
lead and copper at the reduced number of sites after it
demonstrates through subsequent rounds of monitoring that it
meets the criteria of either subsection (d)(4)(C) or (d)(4)(E)
of this Section.
ii)
Suppliers failing to operate within water quality control
parameters. Any supplier subject to reduced monitoring
frequency that fails to operate within the range of values for
the water quality control parameters specified pursuant to
Section 611.352(f) for more than nine days in any six-month
period specified in Section 611.357(d) shall must resume
conduct tap water sampling in accordance with for lead and
copper at the frequency specified in subsection (d)(3) above
of this Section, and must collect the number of samples
specified for standard monitoring under subsection (c)
above of this Section, and must resume monitoring for water
quality parameters within the distribution system in
accordance with Section 611.357(d).
G) Any water supplier subject to a reduced monitoring frequency under
subsection (d)(4) of this Section that either adds a new source of
water or changes any water treatment must inform the Agency in
writing in accordance with Section 611.360(a)(3). The Agency
may, by a SEP granted pursuant to Section 611.110, require the
system to resume sampling in accordance with subsection (d)(3) of
56
this Section and collect the number of samples specified for
standard monitoring under subsection (c) of this Section or take
other appropriate steps such as increased water quality parameter
monitoring or re-evaluation of its corrosion control treatment given
the potentially different water quality considerations.
H) A supplier required under subsection (d)(4)(F) of this Section to
resume monitoring in accordance with Section 611.357(d) may
resume reduced monitoring for lead and copper at the tap and for
water quality parameters within the distribution system under the
following conditions:
i) The supplier may resume annual monitoring for lead and
copper at the tap at the reduced number of sites specified in
subsection (c) of this Section after it has completed two
subsequent six-month rounds of monitoring that meet the
criteria of subsection (d)(4)(B) of this Section and the
supplier has received written approval from the Agency by a
SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that it is appropriate to
resume reduced monitoring on an annual frequency.
ii) The supplier may resume monitoring for lead and copper
once every three years at the tap at the reduced number of
sites after it demonstrates through subsequent rounds of
monitoring that it meets the criteria of either subsection
(d)(4)(C) or (d)(4)(E) of this Section and the system has
received a SEP under Section 611.110 from the Agency that
it is appropriate to resume monitoring once every three
years.
iii) The supplier may reduce the number of water quality
parameter tap water samples required in accordance with
Section 611.357(e)(1) and the frequency with which it
collects such samples in accordance with Section
611.357(e)(2). Such a system may not resume monitoring
once every three years for water quality parameters at the
tap until it demonstrates, in accordance with the
requirements of Section 611.357(e)(2), that it has re-
qualified for monitoring once every three years.
BOARD NOTE: Subsections (d)(4)(H)(i) through (d)(4)(H)(iii)
are derived from 40 CFR 141.86(d)(4)(vi)(B)(
1
) through
(d)(4)(vi)(B)(
3
), as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 2009 (January 12, 2000),
since Illinois Administrative Code codification requirements allow
only four indent levels of subsections.
57
e)
Additional monitoring. The results of any monitoring conducted in addition to the
minimum requirements of this section Section shall must be considered by the
supplier and the Agency in making any determinations (i.e., calculating the 90th
percentile lead action level or the copper level) under this Subpart G.
f) Invalidation of lead or copper tap water samples. A sample invalidated under this
subsection does not count toward determining lead or copper 90th percentile levels
under Section 611.350(c)(3) or toward meeting the minimum monitoring
requirements of subsection (c) of this Section.
1) The Agency must invalidate a lead or copper tap water sample if it
determines that one of the following conditions exists:
A) The laboratory establishes that improper sample analysis caused
erroneous results;
B) The sample was taken from a site that did not meet the site selection
criteria of this Section;
C) The sample container was damaged in transit; or
D) There is substantial reason to believe that the sample was subject to
tampering.
2) The supplier must report the results of all samples to the Agency and all
supporting documentation for samples the supplier believes should be
invalidated.
3) To invalidate a sample under subsection (f)(1) of this Section, the decision
and the rationale for the decision must be documented in writing. The
Agency may not invalidate a sample solely on the grounds that a follow-up
sample result is higher or lower than that of the original sample.
4) The water supplier must collect replacement samples for any samples
invalidated under this Section if, after the invalidation of one or more
samples, the supplier has too few samples to meet the minimum
requirements of subsection (c) of this Section. Any such replacement
samples must be taken as soon as possible, but no later than 20 days after
the date the Agency invalidates the sample or by the end of the applicable
monitoring period, whichever occurs later. Replacement samples taken
after the end of the applicable monitoring period must not also be used to
meet the monitoring requirements of a subsequent monitoring period. The
replacement samples must be taken at the same locations as the invalidated
samples or, if that is not possible, at locations other than those already used
for sampling during the monitoring period.
58
g) Monitoring waivers for small system suppliers. Any small system supplier that
meets the criteria of this subsection (g) may apply to the Agency to reduce the
frequency of monitoring for lead and copper under this Section to once every nine
years (i.e., a “full waiver”) if it meets all of the materials criteria specified in
subsection (g)(1) of this Section and all of the monitoring criteria specified in
subsection (g)(2) of this Section. Any small system supplier that meets the criteria
in subsections (g)(1) and (g)(2) of this Section only for lead, or only for copper,
may apply to the State for a waiver to reduce the frequency of tap water monitoring
to once every nine years for that contaminant only (i.e., a “partial waiver”).
1) Materials criteria. The supplier must demonstrate that its distribution
system and service lines and all drinking water supply plumbing, including
plumbing conveying drinking water within all residences and buildings
connected to the system, are free of lead-containing materials or copper-
containing materials, as those terms are defined in this subsection (g)(1), as
follows:
A) Lead. To qualify for a full waiver, or a waiver of the tap water
monitoring requirements for lead (i.e., a “lead waiver”), the water
supplier must provide certification and supporting documentation to
the Agency that the system is free of all lead-containing materials, as
follows:
i) It contains no plastic pipes which contain lead plasticizers,
or plastic service lines which contain lead plasticizers; and
ii) It is free of lead service lines, lead pipes, lead soldered
pipe joints, and leaded brass or bronze alloy fittings and
fixtures, unless such fittings and fixtures meet the
specifications of NSF Standard 61, section 9, incorporated
by reference in Section 611.102.
BOARD NOTE: Corresponding 40 CFR 141.86(g)(1)(i)(B)
specifies “any standard established pursuant to 42 USC
300g-6(e) (SDWA Section 1417(e)).” USEPA has stated
that the NSF standard is that standard. See 62 Fed. Reg.
44684 (Aug. 22, 1997).
B) Copper. To qualify for a full waiver, or a waiver of the tap water
monitoring requirements for copper (i.e., a “copper waiver”), the
water supplier must provide certification and supporting
documentation to the Agency that the system contains no copper
pipes or copper service lines.
2) Monitoring criteria for waiver issuance. The supplier must have completed
at least one six-month round of standard tap water monitoring for lead and
59
copper at sites approved by the Agency and from the number of sites
required by subsection (c) of this Section and demonstrate that the 90th
percentile levels for any and all rounds of monitoring conducted since the
system became free of all lead-containing and/or copper-containing
materials, as appropriate, meet the following criteria:
A) Lead levels. To qualify for a full waiver, or a lead waiver, the
supplier must demonstrate that the 90th percentile lead level does
not exceed 0.005 mg/L.
B) Copper levels. To qualify for a full waiver, or a copper waiver, the
supplier must demonstrate that the 90th percentile copper level does
not exceed 0.65 mg/L.
3) State approval of waiver application. The Agency must notify the supplier
of its waiver determination by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, in
writing, setting forth the basis of its decision and any condition of the
waiver. As a condition of the waiver, the Agency may require the supplier
to perform specific activities (e.g., limited monitoring, periodic outreach to
customers to remind them to avoid installation of materials that might void
the waiver) to avoid the risk of lead or copper concentration of concern in
tap water. The small system supplier must continue monitoring for lead and
copper at the tap as required by subsections (d)(1) through (d)(4) of this
Section, as appropriate, until it receives written notification from the
Agency that the waiver has been approved.
4) Monitoring frequency for suppliers with waivers.
A) A supplier with a full waiver must conduct tap water monitoring for
lead and copper in accordance with subsection (d)(4)(D) of this
Section at the reduced number of sampling sites identified in
subsection (c) of this Section at least once every nine years and
provide the materials certification specified in subsection (g)(1) of
this Section for both lead and copper to the Agency along with the
monitoring results.
B) A supplier with a partial waiver must conduct tap water monitoring
for the waived contaminant in accordance with subsection (d)(4)(D)
of this Section at the reduced number of sampling sites specified in
subsection (c) of this Section at least once every nine years and
provide the materials certification specified in subsection (g)(1) of
this Section pertaining to the waived contaminant along with the
monitoring results. Such a supplier also must continue to monitor
for the non-waived contaminant in accordance with requirements of
subsection (d)(1) through (d)(4) of this Section, as appropriate.
60
C) If a supplier with a full or partial waiver adds a new source of
water or changes any water treatment, the supplier must notify the
Agency in writing in accordance with Section 611.360(a)(3). The
Agency has the authority to require the supplier to add or modify
waiver conditions (e.g., require recertification that the supplier’s
system is free of lead-containing or copper-containing materials,
require additional rounds of monitoring), if it deems such
modifications are necessary to address treatment or source water
changes at the system.
D) If a supplier with a full or partial waiver becomes aware that it is
no longer free of lead-containing or copper-containing materials, as
appropriate, (e.g., as a result of new construction or repairs), the
supplier must notify the Agency in writing no later than 60 days after
becoming aware of such a change.
5) Continued eligibility. If the supplier continues to satisfy the requirements of
subsection (g)(4) of this Section, the waiver will be renewed automatically,
unless any of the conditions listed in subsection (g)(5)(A) through (g)(5)(C)
of this Section occur. A supplier whose waiver has been revoked may re-
apply for a waiver at such time as it again meets the appropriate materials
and monitoring criteria of subsections (g)(1) and (g)(2) of this Section.
A) A supplier with a full waiver or a lead waiver no longer satisfies
the materials criteria of subsection (g)(1)(A) of this Section or has a
90th percentile lead level greater than 0.005 mg/L.
B) A supplier with a full waiver or a copper waiver no longer satisfies
the materials criteria of subsection (g)(1)(B) of this Section or has a
90th percentile copper level greater than 0.65 mg/L.
C) The State notifies the supplier, in writing, that the waiver has been
revoked, setting forth the basis of its decision.
6) Requirements following waiver revocation. A supplier whose full or
partial waiver has been revoked by the Agency is subject to the corrosion
control treatment and lead and copper tap water monitoring requirements,
as follows:
A) If the supplier exceeds the lead or copper action level, the supplier
must implement corrosion control treatment in accordance with the
deadlines specified in Section 611.351(e), and any other applicable
requirements of this Subpart G of this Part.
B) If the supplier meets both the lead and the copper action level, the
supplier must monitor for lead and copper at the tap no less
61
frequently than once every three years using the reduced number of
sample sites specified in subsection (c) of this Section.
7) Pre-existing waivers. Small system supplier waivers approved by the
Agency in writing prior to April 11, 2000 must remain in effect under the
following conditions:
BOARD NOTE: Corresponding 40 CFR 141.86(g)(7) sets forth the April
11, 2000 date. The Board has retained that date to maintain consistency
with the federal requirements, despite the fact that this subsection (g)(7)
became effective after that date.
A) If the supplier has demonstrated that it is both free of lead-
containing and copper-containing materials, as required by
subsection (g)(1) of this Section and that its 90th percentile lead
levels and 90th percentile copper levels meet the criteria of
subsection (g)(2) of this Section, the waiver remains in effect so
long as the supplier continues to meet the waiver eligibility criteria
of subsection (g)(5) of this Section. The first round of tap water
monitoring conducted pursuant to subsection (g)(4) of this Section
must be completed no later than nine years after the last time the
supplier has monitored for lead and copper at the tap.
B) If the supplier has met the materials criteria of subsection (g)(1) of
this Section but has not met the monitoring criteria of subsection
(g)(2) of this Section, the supplier must conduct a round of
monitoring for lead and copper at the tap demonstrating that it meets
the criteria of subsection (g)(2) of this Section no later than
September 30, 2000. Thereafter, the waiver must remain in effect
as long as the supplier meets the continued eligibility criteria of
subsection (g)(5) of this Section. The first round of tap water
monitoring conducted pursuant to subsection (g)(4) of this Section
must be completed no later than nine years after the round of
monitoring conducted pursuant to subsection (g)(2) of this Section.
BOARD NOTE: Corresponding 40 CFR 141.86(g)(7)(ii) sets forth
the September 30, 2000 date. The Board has retained that date to
maintain consistency with the federal requirements, despite the fact
that this subsection (g)(7)(B) became effective after that date.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.86 (1993) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2007
(Jan. 12, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
62
Section 611.357
Monitoring for Water Quality Parameters
All large system suppliers, and all small and medium-sized system suppliers that exceed the lead
action level or the copper action level, shall must monitor water quality parameters in addition to
lead and copper in accordance with this Section. The requirements of this Section are summarized
in Section 611.Table G of this Part.
a)
General Requirements
1)
Sample collection methods
A)
Use of tap samples. The totality of all tap samples collected by a
supplier shall must be representative of water quality throughout the
distribution system taking into account the number of persons
served, the different sources of water, the different treatment
methods employed by the supplier, and seasonal variability.
Although a supplier may conveniently conduct tap sampling for
water quality parameters at sites used for coliform sampling
performed pursuant to Subpart L of this Part, it is not required to do
so, and a supplier is not required to perform tap sampling pursuant
to this Section at taps targeted for lead and copper sampling under
Section 611.356(a).
B)
Use of entry point samples. Each supplier shall must collect
samples at entry point(s) points to the distribution system from
locations representative of each source after treatment. If a supplier
draws water from more than one source and the sources are
combined before distribution, the supplier must sample at an entry
point to the distribution system during periods of normal operating
conditions (i.e., when water is representative of all sources being
used).
2)
Number of samples
A)
Tap samples. Each supplier shall must collect two tap samples for
applicable water quality parameters during each six-month
monitoring period specified under subsections (b) through (e) below
of this Section from the number of sites indicated in the first column
of Section 611.Table E of this Part.
B)
Entry point samples.
i)
Initial monitoring. Except as provided in subsection (c)(3)
of this Section, each Each supplier shall must collect two
samples for each applicable water quality parameter at each
entry point to the distribution system during each six-month
63
monitoring period specified in subsection (b) below of this
Section.
ii)
Subsequent monitoring. Each supplier shall must collect one
sample for each applicable water quality parameter at each
entry point to the distribution system during each six-month
monitoring period specified in subsections (c) through (e)
below of this Section.
b)
Initial Sampling.
1)
Large systems. Each large system supplier shall must measure the
applicable water quality parameters specified in subsection (b)(3) below of
this Section at taps and at each entry point to the distribution system during
each six-month monitoring period specified in Section 611.356(d)(1).
2)
Small and medium-sized systems. Each small and medium-sized system
supplier shall must measure the applicable water quality parameters
specified in subsection (b)(3) below of this Section at the locations
specified in this subsection during each six-month monitoring period
specified in Section 611.356(d)(1) during which the supplier exceeds the
lead action level or the copper action level.
3)
Water quality parameters:
A)
pH;
B)
alkalinityAlkalinity;
C)
orthophosphateOrthophosphate, when an inhibitor containing a
phosphate compound is used;
D)
silicaSilica, when an inhibitor containing a silicate compound is
used;
E)
calciumCalcium;
F)
conductivityConductivity; and
G)
water Water temperature.
c)
Monitoring after installation of corrosion control.
1)
Large systems. Each large system supplier that installs optimal corrosion
control treatment pursuant to Section 611.351(d)(4) shall must measure the
water quality parameters at the locations and frequencies specified in
64
subsections (c)(3) (c)(4) and (c)(4) (c)(5) below of this Section during
each six-month monitoring period specified in Section 611.356(d)(2)(A).
2)
Small and medium-sized systems. Each small or medium-sized system that
installs optimal corrosion control treatment pursuant to Section
611.351(e)(5) shall must measure the water quality parameters at the
locations and frequencies specified in subsections (c)(3) (c)(4) and (c)(4)
(c)(5) below of this Section during each six-month monitoring period
specified in Section 611.356(d)(2)(B) in which the supplier exceeds the
lead action level or the copper action level.
3) Any groundwater system can limit entry point sampling described in
subsection (c)(2) of this Section to those entry points that are representative
of water quality and treatment conditions throughout the system. If water
from untreated groundwater sources mixes with water from treated
groundwater sources, the system must monitor for water quality parameters
both at representative entry points receiving treatment and representative
entry points receiving no treatment. Prior to the start of any monitoring
under this subsection, the system must provide to the Agency written
information identifying the selected entry points and documentation,
including information on seasonal variability, sufficient to demonstrate that
the sites are representative of water quality and treatment conditions
throughout the system.
34)
Tap water samples, two samples at each tap for each of the following water
quality parameters:
A)
pH;
B)
alkalinityAlkalinity;
C)
orthophosphateOrthophosphate, when an inhibitor containing a
phosphate compound is used;
D)
silicaSilica, when an inhibitor containing a silicate compound is
used; and
E)
calciumCalcium, when calcium carbonate stabilization is used as
part of corrosion control.
45)
Entry point samples, except as provided in subsection (c)(3) of this Section,
one sample at each entry point to the distribution system every two weeks
(bi-weekly) for each of the following water quality parameters:
A)
pH;
65
B)
when When alkalinity is adjusted as part of optimal corrosion
control, a reading of the dosage rate of the chemical used to adjust
alkalinity, and the alkalinity concentration; and
C)
when When a corrosion inhibitor is used as part of optimal
corrosion control, a reading of the dosage rate of the inhibitor used,
and the concentration of orthophosphate or silica (whichever is
applicable).
d)
Monitoring after the Agency specifies water quality parameter values for optimal
corrosion control.
1)
Large systems. After the Agency has specified the values for applicable
water quality control parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control
treatment pursuant to Section 611.352(f), each large system supplier shall
must measure the applicable water quality parameters in accordance with
subsection (c) above of this Section during each six-month monitoring
period specified in Section 611.356(d)(3) and determine compliance with
the requirements of Section 611.352(g) every six months with the first six-
month period to begin on the date the State specifies the optimal values
under Section 611.352(f).
2)
Small and medium-sized systems. Each small or medium-sized system
supplier shall must conduct such monitoring during each six-month
monitoring period specified in Section 611.356(d)(3) this subsection (d) in
which the supplier exceeds the lead action level or the copper action level.
For any such small and medium-size system that is subject to a reduced
monitoring frequency pursuant to Section 611.356(d)(4) at the time of the
action level exceedance, the end of the applicable six-month period under
this subsection must coincide with the end of the applicable monitoring
period under Section 611.356(d)(4).
3) Compliance with Agency-designated optimal water quality parameter
values must be determined as specified under Section 611.352(g)
3) Confirmation sampling.
A) A supplier may take a confirmation sample for any water quality
parameter value no later than 3 days after it took the original sample
it seeks to confirm.
B) If a supplier takes a confirmation sample, it must average the result
obtained from the confirmation sample with the result obtained from
the original sample it seeks to confirm, and the supplier shall use the
average of these two results for any compliance determinations
under Section 611.352(g).
66
C) The Agency shall delete the results that it determines are due to
obvious sampling errors from this calculation.
e)
Reduced monitoring.
1)
Reduction in tap monitoring. A supplier that has maintained the range of
values for the water quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control
treatment during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods
under subsection (d) above of this Section shall must continue monitoring at
the entry point(s) points to the distribution system as specified in subsection
(c)(4) above of this Section. Such a supplier may collect two samples from
each tap for applicable water quality parameters from the reduced number
of sites indicated in the second column of Section 611.Table E of this Part
during each subsequent six-month monitoring period.
2)
Reduction in monitoring frequency.
A)
Stages of reductions.Staged reductions in monitoring frequency.
i)
Annual monitoring. A supplier that maintains the range of
values for the water quality parameters reflecting optimal
corrosion control treatment specified pursuant to Section
611.352(f) during three consecutive years of monitoring may
reduce the frequency with which it collects the number of tap
samples for applicable water quality parameters specified in
subsection (e)(1) above of this Section from every six
months to annually.
ii)
Triennial monitoring. A supplier that maintains the range of
values for the water quality parameters reflecting optimal
corrosion control treatment specified pursuant to Section
611.352(f) during three consecutive years of annual
monitoring under subsection (e)(2)(A)(i) above of this
Section may reduce the frequency with which it collects the
number of tap samples for applicable water quality
parameters specified in subsection (e)(1) above of this
Section from annually to once every three years.
B) A water supplier may reduce the frequency with which it collects
tap samples for applicable water quality parameters specified in
subsection (e)(1) of this Section to every three years if it
demonstrates the following during two consecutive monitoring
periods:
i) That its tap water lead level at the 90th percentile is less
67
than or equal to the PQL for lead specified in Section
611.359 (a)(1)(B),
ii) That its tap water copper level at the 90th percentile is less
than or equal to 0.65 mg/L for copper in Section
611.350(c)(2), and
iii) That it also has maintained the range of values for the water
quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control
treatment specified by the Agency under Section 611.352(f).
B) A supplier that conducts sampling annually or every three years
shall collect these samples evenly throughout the calendar year so as
to reflect seasonal variability.
3) A supplier that conducts sampling annually or every three years must collect
these samples evenly throughout the calendar year so as to reflect seasonal
variability.
C) Any supplier subject to a reduced monitoring frequency pursuant to
this subsection that fails to operate within the range of values for the
water quality parameters specified pursuant to Section 611.352(f)
shall resume tap water sampling in accordance with the number and
frequency requirements of subsection (d) above.
4) Any supplier subject to a reduced monitoring frequency pursuant to this
subsection that fails to operate at or above the minimum value or within the
range of values for the water quality parameters specified pursuant to
Section 611.352(f) for more than nine days in any six-month period
specified in Section 611.352(g) must resume tap water sampling in
accordance with the number and frequency requirements of subsection (d)
of this Section. Such a system may resume annual monitoring for water
quality parameters at the tap at the reduced number of sites specified in
subsection (e)(1) of this Section after it has completed two subsequent
consecutive six-month rounds of monitoring that meet the criteria of that
subsection or may resume monitoring once every three years for water
quality parameters at the tap at the reduced number of sites after it
demonstrates through subsequent rounds of monitoring that it meets the
criteria of either subsection (e)(2)(A) or (e)(2)(B) of this Section.
f)
Additional monitoring by systems. The results of any monitoring conducted in
addition to the minimum requirements of this section Section shall must be
considered by the supplier and the Agency in making any determinations (i.e.,
determining concentrations of water quality parameters) under this Section or
Section 611.352.
68
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.87 (1995) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2010
(Jan. 12, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.358
Monitoring for Lead and Copper in Source Water
a)
Sample location, collection methods, and number of samples
1)
A supplier that fails to meet the lead action level or the copper action level
on the basis of tap samples collected in accordance with Section 611.356
shall must collect lead and copper source water samples in accordance
with the sample location, number of samples, and collection method
following requirements of Section 611.601(a) and (b) (as specified for
inorganic chemical contaminants). The timing of sampling for lead and
copper shall be in accordance with subsections (b) and (c) below, and not
with the dates specified in Section 611.601(a)(1). regarding sample
location, number of samples, and collection methods:
A) A groundwater supplier must take a minimum of one sample at every
entry point to the distribution system that is representative of each
well after treatment (hereafter called a sampling point). The
supplier must take one sample at the same sampling point unless
conditions make another sampling point more representative of each
source or treatment plant.
B) A surface water supplier must take a minimum of one sample at
every entry point to the distribution system after any application of
treatment or in the distribution system at a point that is
representative of each source after treatment (hereafter called a
sampling point). The system must take each sample at the same
sampling point unless conditions make another sampling point more
representative of each source or treatment plant.
BOARD NOTE: For the purposes of this subsection (a)(1)(B),
surface water systems include systems with a combination of
surface and ground sources.
C) If a supplier draws water from more than one source and the sources
are combined before distribution, the supplier must sample at an
entry point to the distribution system during periods of normal
operating conditions (i.e., when water is representative of all
sources being used).
D) The Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110,
reduce the total number of samples which must be analyzed by
69
allowing the use of compositing. Compositing of samples must be
done by certified laboratory personnel. Composite samples from a
maximum of five samples are allowed, provided that if the lead
concentration in the composite sample is greater than or equal to
0.001 mg/L or the copper concentration is greater than or equal to
0.160 mg/ L, then the supplier must do either of the following:
i) The supplier must take and analyze a follow-up sample
within 14 days at each sampling point included in the
composite; or
ii) If duplicates of or sufficient quantities from the original
samples from each sampling point used in the composite are
available, the supplier may use these instead of resampling.
2)
SEP requiring an additional sample
A)
When the Agency determines that the results of sampling indicate an
exceedance of the lead or copper MPC established under Section
611.353(b)(4), it shall must, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section
611.110, require the supplier to collect one additional sample as
soon as possible after the initial sample at the same sampling point,
but no later than two weeks after the supplier took the initial sample.
B)
If a supplier takes an Agency-required confirmation sample for lead
or copper, the supplier shall must average the results obtained from
the initial sample with the results obtained from the confirmation
sample in determining compliance with the Agency-specified lead
and copper MPCs.
i)
Any analytical result below the MDL shall must be
considered as zero for the purposes of averaging.
ii)
Any value above the MDL but below the PQL shall must
either be considered as the measured value or be considered
one-half the PQL.
b)
Monitoring frequency after system exceeds tap water action level. A supplier that
exceeds the lead action level or the copper action level in tap sampling shall must
collect one source water sample from each entry point to the distribution system
within six months after the exceedance.
c)
Monitoring frequency after installation of source water treatment. A supplier that
installs source water treatment pursuant to Section 611.353(a)(3) shall must collect
an additional source water sample from each entry point to the distribution system
70
during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods on or before the
deadline specified in Section 611.353(a)(4).
d)
Monitoring frequency after the Agency has specified the lead and copper MPCs or
has determined that source water treatment is not needed.
1)
A supplier shall must monitor at the frequency specified by subsection
(d)(1)(A) or (d)(1)(B) below of this Section where the Agency has
specified the MPCs pursuant to Section 611.353(b)(4) or has determined
that the supplier is not required to install source water treatment pursuant to
Section 611.353(b)(2).
A)
GWS suppliers.
i)
A GWS supplier required to sample by subsection (d)(1)
above of this Section shall must collect samples once during
the three-year compliance period (as that term is defined in
Section 611.101) during which the Agency makes its
determination pursuant to Section 611.353(b)(4) or
611.353(b)(2).
ii)
A GWS supplier required to sample by subsection (d)(1)
above of this Section shall must collect samples once during
each subsequent compliance period.
B)
A SWS or mixed system supplier shall must collect samples
annually, the first annual monitoring period to begin on the date on
which the Agency makes its determination pursuant to Section
611.353(b)(4) or 611.353(b)(2).
2)
A supplier is not required to conduct source water sampling for lead or
copper if the supplier meets the action level for the specific contaminant in
all tap water samples collected during the entire source water sampling
period applicable under subsection (d)(1)(A) or (d)(1)(B) above of this
Section.
e)
Reduced monitoring frequency.
1)
A GWS supplier that demonstrates that finished drinking water entering the
distribution system has been maintained below the lead or copper MPC
specified by the Agency pursuant to Section 611.353(b)(4) during at least
three consecutive compliance periods under subsection (d)(1) above may
reduce the monitoring frequency for lead or and copper, as appropriate, in
source water to once during each nine-year compliance cycle (as that term
is defined in Section 611.101). if the supplier meets one of the following
criteria:
71
A) The supplier demonstrates that finished drinking water entering the
distribution system has been maintained below the maximum
permissible lead and copper concentrations specified by the State in
Section 611.353(b)(4) during at least three consecutive compliance
periods under subsection (d)(1) of this Section; or
B) The Agency has determined, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section
611.110, that source water treatment is not needed and the system
demonstrates that, during at least three consecutive compliance
periods in which sampling was conducted under subsection (d)(1)
of this Section, the concentration of lead in source water was less
than or equal to 0.005 mg/L and the concentration of copper in
source water was less than or equal to 0.65 mg/L.
2)
A SWS or mixed system supplier that demonstrates that finished drinking
water entering the distribution system has been maintained below the lead
and copper MPCs specified by the Agency pursuant to Section
611.353(b)(4) for at least three consecutive years under subsection (d)(1)
above may reduce the monitoring frequency in subsection (d)(1) of this
Section to once during each nine-year compliance cycle (as that term is
defined in Section 611.101). if the supplier meets one of the following
criteria:
A) The supplier demonstrates that finished drinking water entering the
distribution system has been maintained below the maximum
permissible lead and copper concentrations specified by the Agency
under Section 611.353(b)(4) for at least three consecutive years; or
B) The Agency has determined, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section
611.110, that source water treatment is not needed and the supplier
demonstrates that, during at least three consecutive years, the
concentration of lead in source water was less than or equal to
0.005 mg/L and the concentration of copper in source water was
less than or equal to 0.65 mg/L.
3)
A supplier that uses a new source of water is not eligible for reduced
monitoring for lead or copper until it demonstrates by samples collected
from the new source during three consecutive monitoring periods, of the
appropriate duration provided by subsection (d)(1) above of this Section,
that lead or copper concentrations are below the MPC as specified by the
Agency pursuant to Section 611.353(a)(4).
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.88 (1992) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2012
(Jan. 12, 2000).
72
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.359
Analytical Methods
Analyses for lead, copper, pH, conductivity, calcium, alkalinity, orthophosphate, silica, and
temperature shall must be conducted using the methods set forth in Section 611.611(a).
a)
Analyses for lead and copper performed for the purposes of compliance with this
Subpart shall must only be conducted by laboratories that have been certified by
USEPA or the Agency. To obtain certification to conduct analyses for lead and
copper, laboratories must do the following:
1)
Analyze performance evaluation samples that include lead and copper
provided by USEPA Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory or
equivalent samples provided by the Agency; and
2)
Achieve quantitative acceptance limits as follows:
A)
For lead: ±30 percent of the actual amount in the performance
evaluation sample when the actual amount is greater than or equal to
0.005 mg/L (the PQL for lead is 0.005 mg/L);
B)
For copper: ±10 percent of the actual amount in the performance
evaluation sample when the actual amount is greater than or equal to
0.050 mg/L (the PQL for copper is 0.050 mg/L);
C)
Achieve the method detection limits (MDLs) limit (MDL) for lead
(0.001 mg/L, as defined in Section 611.350(a)) according to the
procedures in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 183 and 40 CFR 136, Appendix B:
“Definition and Procedure for the Determination of the Method
Detection Limit--Revision 1.11” (1999). This need only be
accomplished if the laboratory will be processing source water
composite samples under Section 611.358(a)(1)(C); and
D)
Be currently certified by USEPA or the Agency to perform analyses
to the specifications described in subsection (a)(2) of this Section.
b)
The Agency shall must, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, allow a
supplier to use previously collected monitoring data for the purposes of monitoring
under this Subpart if the data were collected and analyzed in accordance with the
requirements of this Subpart.
c)
Reporting lead and copper levels.
1)
All lead and copper levels greater than or equal to the lead and copper PQL
(Pb
≥
0.005 mg/L and Cu
≥
0.050 mg/L) must be reported as measured.
73
2)
All lead and copper levels measured less than the PQL and greater than the
MDL (0.005 mg/L > Pb > MDL and 0.050 mg/L > Cu > MDL) must be
either reported as measured or as one-half the PQL set forth in subsection
(a) of this Section (i.e., reported as 0.0025 mg/L for lead or 0.025 mg/L for
copper).
3)
All lead and copper levels below the lead and copper MDL (MDL > Pb)
must be reported as zero.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.89 (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2012 (Jan. 12,
2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.360
Reporting
A supplier shall must report all of the following information to the Agency in accordance with this
Section.
a)
Reporting for tap, lead, and copper, and water quality parameter monitoring.
1)
A Except as provided in subsection (a)(1)(viii) of this section, a supplier
shall must report the following information for all samples specified in
Section 611.356 and for all water quality parameter samples specified in
Section 611.357 within 10 ten days of the end of each applicable sampling
period specified in Sections 611.356 through 611.358 and 611.357 (i.e.,
every six-months six months, annually, every 3 three years, or every nine
years).
A)
the The results of all tap samples for lead and copper, including the
location of each site and the criteria under Section 611.356(a)(3)
through (7) under which the site was selected for the supplier’s
sampling pool;
B) a certification that each first draw sample collected by the supplier
was one-liter in volume and, to the best of the supplier’s
knowledge, had stood motionless in the service line, or in the
interior plumbing of a sampling site, for at least six hours;
B) Documentation for each tap water lead or copper sample for which
the water supplier requests invalidation pursuant to Section
611.356(f)(2);
C)
where residents collected samples, a certification that each tap
sample collected by the residents was taken after the supplier
74
informed them of the proper sampling procedures specified in
Section 611.356(b)(2)
C) This subsection (a)(1)(C) corresponds with 40 CFR
141.89(a)(1)(iii), a provision that USEPA removed and marked
“reserved” at 65 Fed. Reg. 2012 (Jan. 12, 2000). This statement
preserves structural parity with the federal rules;
D)
the The 90th percentile lead and copper concentrations measured
from among all lead and copper tap samples collected during each
sampling period (calculated in accordance with Section
611.350(c)(3)), unless the Agency calculates the system’s 90th
percentile lead and copper levels under subsection (h) of this
Section;
E)
with With the exception of initial tap sampling conducted pursuant
to Section 611.356(d)(1), the supplier shall must designate any site
that was not sampled during previous sampling periods, and include
an explanation of why sampling sites have changed;
F)
the The results of all tap samples for pH, and where applicable,
alkalinity, calcium, conductivity, temperature, and orthophosphate
or silica collected pursuant to Section 611.357(b) through (e);
G)
the The results of all samples collected at entry point(s) points for
applicable water quality parameters pursuant to Section 611.357(b)
through (e).
H) A water supplier must report the results of all water quality
parameter samples collected under Section 611.357(c) through (f)
during each six-month monitoring period specified in Section
611.357(d) within the first 10 days following the end of the
monitoring period, unless the Agency has specified, by a SEP
granted pursuant to Section 611.110, a more frequent reporting
requirement.
2) By the applicable date in Section 611.356(d)(1) for commencement of
monitoring, each CWS supplier that does not complete its targeted sampling
pool with CWS tier 1 sampling sites meeting the requirements of Section
611.356(a)(4)(A) shall send a letter to the Agency justifying its selection of
CWS tier 2 sampling sites or CWS tier 3 sampling sites pursuant to Section
611.356 (a)(4)(A)(ii), (a)(4)(A)(iii), or (a)(4)(A)(iv).
2) For a NTNCWS supplier, or a CWS supplier meeting the criteria of
Sections 611.355(c)(7)(A) and (B), that does not have enough taps which
can provide first-draw samples, the supplier must do either of the
75
following:
A) Provide written documentation to the Agency that identifies standing
times and locations for enough non-first-draw samples to make up
its sampling pool under Section 611.356(b)(5) by the start of the
first applicable monitoring period under Section 611.356(d) that
commences after April 11, 2000, unless the Agency has waived
prior Agency approval of non-first-draw sample sites selected by
the supplier pursuant to Section 611.356(b)(5); or
BOARD NOTE: Corresponding 40 CFR 141.90(a)(2)(i) sets forth
the April 11, 2000 date. The Board has retained that date to
maintain structural consistency with the federal requirements,
despite the fact that this subsection (a)(2)(A) became effective after
that date.
B) If the Agency has waived prior approval of non-first-draw sample
sites selected by the supplier, identify, in writing, each site that did
not meet the six-hour minimum standing time and the length of
standing time for that particular substitute sample collected pursuant
to Section 611.356(b)(5) and include this information with the lead
and copper tap sample results required to be submitted pursuant to
subsection (a)(1)(A) of this Section.
3) By the applicable date in Section 611.356(d)(1) for commencement of
monitoring, each NTNCWS supplier that does not complete its sampling
pool with NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites meeting the requirements of
Section 611.356(a)(4)(B) shall send a letter to the Agency justifying its
selection of alternative NTNCWS sampling sites pursuant to that Section.
3) No later than 60 days after the addition of a new source or any change in
water treatment, unless the Agency requires earlier notification, a water
supplier deemed to have optimized corrosion control under Section
611.351(b)(3), a water supplier subject to reduced monitoring pursuant to
Section 611.356(d)(4), or a water supplier subject to a monitoring waiver
pursuant to Section 611.356(g), must send written documentation to the
Agency describing the change. In those instances where prior Agency
approval of the treatment change or new source is not required, USEPA has
stated that it encourages water systems to provide the notification to the
Agency beforehand to minimize the risk the treatment change or new source
will adversely affect optimal corrosion control.
4) By the applicable date in Section 611.356(d)(1) for commencement of
monitoring, each supplier with lead service lines that is not able to locate
the number of sites served by such lines required by Section
611.356(a)(4)(D) shall send a letter to the Agency demonstrating why it
76
was unable to locate a sufficient number of such sites based upon the
information listed in Section 611.356(a)(2).
4) Any small system supplier applying for a monitoring waiver under Section
611.356(g), or subject to a waiver granted pursuant to Section
611.356(g)(3), must provide the following information to the Agency in
writing by the specified deadline:
A) By the start of the first applicable monitoring period in Section
611.356(d), any small water system supplier applying for a
monitoring waiver must provide the documentation required to
demonstrate that it meets the waiver criteria of Sections
611.356(g)(1) and (g)(2).
B) No later than nine years after the monitoring previously conducted
pursuant to Section 611.356(g)(2) or Section 611.356(g)(4)(A),
each small system supplier desiring to maintain its monitoring
waiver must provide the information required by Sections
611.356(g)(4)(A) and (g)(4)(B).
C) No later than 60 days after it becomes aware that it is no longer free
of lead-containing or copper-containing material, as appropriate,
each small system supplier with a monitoring waiver must provide
written notification to the Agency, setting forth the circumstances
resulting in the lead-containing or copper-containing materials being
introduced into the system and what corrective action, if any, the
supplier plans to remove these materials.
D) By October 10, 2000, any small system supplier with a waiver
granted prior to April 11, 2000 and that has not previously met the
requirements of Section 611.356(g)(2) must provide the information
required by that subsection.
BOARD NOTE: Corresponding 40 CFR 141.90(a)(2)(iv) sets forth
the April 11, 2000 and October 10, 2000 dates. The Board has
retained those dates to maintain structural consistency with the
federal requirements, despite the fact that this subsection (a)(2)(D)
became effective after that date.
5) Each supplier that requests that the Agency grant a SEP that reduces the
number and frequency of sampling shall provide the information required by
Section 611.356(d)(4).
5) Each GWS supplier that limits water quality parameter monitoring to a
subset of entry points under Section 611.357(c)(3) must provide, by the
commencement of such monitoring, written correspondence to the Agency
77
that identifies the selected entry points and includes information sufficient to
demonstrate that the sites are representative of water quality and treatment
conditions throughout the system.
b)
Reporting for source water monitoring.
1)
A supplier shall must report the sampling results for all source water
samples collected in accordance with Section 611.358 within 10 ten days
of the end of each source water sampling period (i.e., annually, per
compliance period, per compliance cycle) specified in Section 611.358.
2)
With the exception of the first round of source water sampling conducted
pursuant to Section 611.358(b), a supplier shall must specify any site that
was not sampled during previous sampling periods, and include an
explanation of why the sampling point has changed.
c)
Reporting for corrosion control treatment. By the applicable dates under Section
611.351, a supplier shall must report the following information:
1)
for For a supplier demonstrating that it has already optimized corrosion
control, the information required by Section 611.352(b)(2) or (b)(3).
2)
for For a supplier required to optimize corrosion control, its
recommendation regarding optimal corrosion control treatment pursuant to
Section 611.352(a).
3)
for For a supplier required to evaluate the effectiveness of corrosion
control treatments pursuant to Section 611.352(c), the information required
by Section 611.352(c).
4)
for For a supplier required to install optimal corrosion control approved by
the Agency pursuant to Section 611.352(d), a copy of the Agency permit
letter, which acts as certification that the supplier has completed installing
the permitted treatment.
d)
Reporting for source water treatment. On or before the applicable dates in Section
611.353, a supplier shall must provide the following information to the Agency:
1)
if If required by Section 611.353(b)(1), its recommendation regarding
source water treatment; or
2)
for For suppliers required to install source water treatment pursuant to
Section 611.353(b)(2), a copy of the Agency permit letter, which acts as
certification that the supplier has completed installing the treatment
approved by the Agency within 24 months after the Agency approved the
treatment.
78
e)
Reporting for lead service line replacement. A supplier shall must report the
following information to the Agency to demonstrate compliance with the
requirements of Section 611.354:
1)
Within 12 months after a supplier exceeds the lead action level in sampling
referred to in Section 611.354(a), the supplier shall must report each of the
following to the Agency in writing:
A)
a A demonstration that it has conducted a materials evaluation,
including the evaluation required by Section 611.356(a),
B)
identify Identify the initial number of lead service lines in its
distribution system, and
C)
provide Provide the Agency with the supplier’s schedule for
annually replacing at least 7 seven percent of the initial number of
lead service lines in its distribution system.
2)
Within 12 months after a supplier exceeds the lead action level in sampling
referred to in Section 611.354(a), and every 12 months thereafter, the
supplier shall must demonstrate to the Agency in writing that the supplier
has done either of the following:
A)
replaced Replaced in the previous 12 months at least 7 seven
percent of the initial number of lead service lines in its distribution
system (or any greater number of lines specified by the Agency
pursuant to Section 611.354(f) 611.354(e)), or
B)
conducted Conducted sampling that demonstrates that the lead
concentration in all service line samples from an individual line(s)
lines, taken pursuant to Section 611.356(b)(3), is less than or equal
to 0.015 mg/L.
C)
Where the supplier makes a demonstration under subsection
(e)(2)(B) above of this Section, the total number of lines that the
supplier has replaced, combined with the total number that meet the
criteria of Section 611.354(b), shall must equal at least 7 seven
percent of the initial number of lead lines identified pursuant to
subsection (a) above of this Section (or the percentage specified by
the Agency pursuant to Section 611.354(f) 611.354(e)).
3)
The annual letter submitted to the Agency pursuant to subsection (e)(2)
above of this Section shall must contain the following information:
79
A)
the The number of lead service lines originally scheduled to be
replaced during the previous year of the supplier’s replacement
schedule;
B)
the The number and location of each lead service line actually
replaced during the previous year of the supplier’s replacement
schedule; and
C)
if If measured, the water lead concentration from each lead service
line sampled pursuant to Section 611.356(b)(3) and the location of
each lead service line sampled, the sampling method used, and the
date of sampling.
4) As soon as practicable, but no later than three months after a supplier
exceeds the lead action level in the sampling referred to in Section
611.354(a), any supplier seeking to rebut the presumption that it has control
over the entire lead service line pursuant to Section 611.354(d) shall submit
a letter to the Agency describing the following:
A) the legal authority (e.g., state statutes, municipal ordinances, public
service contracts or other applicable legal authority) that limits the
supplier’s control over the service lines; and
B) the extent of the supplier’s control over the service lines.
BOARD NOTE: This communication is vital to a supplier seeking to replace less
than entire service lines. Under Section 611.354(e)(1), a supplier is presumed to
control the entire service line unless it makes an affirmative showing. Under
Section 611.354(d)(2)(A), a supplier is affirmatively required to replace all of
each service line except as to any particular service line for which the Agency has
made an affirmative determination that the supplier does not control in its entirety.
Under Sections 611.354(b)(1) and (b)(4), the supplier must have completed
replacing seven percent of the lead service lines within a year of the day of the
event that triggered the requirement. Section 39(a) of the Act allows the Agency 90
days to render its decision on any permit request. Therefore, any supplier that
desires an Agency determination pursuant to Section 611.354(e)(2) must submit the
required information within the three month time-frame of this subsection.
4) Any supplier that collects lead service line samples following partial lead
service line replacement required by Section 611.354 must report the
results to the Agency within the first ten days of the month following the
month in which the supplier receives the laboratory results, or as specified
by the Agency. The Agency may, by a SEP granted pursuant to Section
611.110, eliminate this requirement to report these monitoring results. A
supplier must also report any additional information as specified by the
Agency, and in a time and manner prescribed by the Agency, to verify that
80
all partial lead service line replacement activities have taken place.
f)
Reporting for public education program.
1) By December 31st of each calendar year, any supplier that is subject to the
public education requirements of Section 611.355 shall submit a letter to
the Agency demonstrating that the supplier has delivered the public
education materials which meet the following requirements:
A) the content requirements of Section 611.355(a) and (b), and
B) the delivery requirements of Section 611.355(c).
2) The information submitted pursuant to this subsection shall include a list of
all the newspapers, radio stations, television stations, facilities and
organizations to which the supplier delivered public education materials
during the previous year.
3) The supplier shall submit the letter required by this subsection annually for
as long as it continues to exceed the lead action level.
1) Any water supplier that is subject to the public education requirements in
Section 611.355 must, within ten days after the end of each period in which
the supplier is required to perform public education tasks in accordance
with Section 611.355(c), send written documentation to the Agency that
contains:
A) A demonstration that the supplier has delivered the public education
materials that meet the content requirements in Sections 611.355(a)
and (b) and the delivery requirements in Section 611.355(c); and
B) A list of all the newspapers, radio stations, television stations, and
facilities and organizations to which the supplier delivered public
education materials during the period in which the supplier was
required to perform public education tasks.
2) Unless required by the Agency, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section
611.110, a supplier that previously has submitted the information required
by subsection (f)(1)(B) of this Section need not resubmit the information
required by subsection (f)(1)(B) of this Section, as long as there have been
no changes in the distribution list and the supplier certifies that the public
education materials were distributed to the same list submitted previously.
g)
Reporting of additional monitoring data. Any supplier that collects sampling data
in addition to that required by this Subpart shall must report the results of that
sampling to the Agency within the first ten days following the end of the applicable
81
sampling period(s) periods specified by Sections 611.356 through 611.358 during
which the samples are collected.
h) Reporting of 90th percentile lead and copper concentrations where the Agency
calculates a system’s 90th percentile concentrations. A water supplier is not
required to report the 90th percentile lead and copper concentrations measured
from among all lead and copper tap water samples collected during each
monitoring period, as required by subsection (a)(1)(D) of this Section if:
1) The Agency has previously notified the water supplier that it will calculate
the water system’s 90th percentile lead and copper concentrations, based on
the lead and copper tap results submitted pursuant to subsection (h)(2)(A)
of this Section, and has specified a date before the end of the applicable
monitoring period by which the supplier must provide the results of lead
and copper tap water samples;
2) The supplier has provided the following information to the Agency by the
date specified in subsection (h)(1) of this Section:
A) The results of all tap samples for lead and copper including the
location of each site and the criteria under Section 611.356(a)(3),
(a)(4), (a)(5), (a)(6), or (a)(7) under which the site was selected for
the system’s sampling pool, pursuant to subsection (a)(1)(A) of this
Section; and
B) An identification of sampling sites utilized during the current
monitoring period that were not sampled during previous monitoring
periods, and an explanation why sampling sites have changed; and
3) The Agency has provided the results of the 90th percentile lead and copper
calculations, in writing, to the water supplier before the end of the
monitoring period.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.90 ( 1994) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2012
(Jan. 12, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
SUBPART I: DISINFECTANT RESIDUALS, DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS,
AND DISINFECTION BYPRODUCT PRECURSORS
Section 611.383
Compliance Requirements
a)
General requirements.
82
1)
Where compliance is based on a running annual average of monthly or
quarterly samples or averages and the system fails to monitor for TTHM,
HAA5, or bromate, this failure to monitor will be treated as a monitoring
violation for the entire period covered by the annual average. Where
compliance is based on a running annual average of monthly or quarterly
samples or averages and the system’s failure to monitor makes it impossible
to determine compliance with the MRDL for chlorine or chloramines, this
failure to monitor will be treated as a monitoring violation for the entire
period covered by the annual average.
2)
All samples taken and analyzed under the provisions of this Subpart must be
included in determining compliance, even if that number is greater than the
minimum required.
3)
If, during the first year of monitoring under Section 611.382, any individual
quarter’s average will cause the running annual average of that system to
exceed the MCL, the system is out of compliance at the end of that quarter.
b)
Disinfection byproducts (DBPs).
1)
TTHMs and HAA5.
A)
For systems monitoring quarterly, compliance with MCLs in Section
611.312 must be based on a running annual arithmetic average,
computed quarterly, of quarterly arithmetic averages of all samples
collected by the system as prescribed by Section 611.382(b)(1).
B)
For systems monitoring less frequently than quarterly, systems
demonstrate MCL compliance if the average of samples taken that
year under the provisions of Section 611.382(b)(1) does not exceed
the MCLs in Section 611.312. If the average of these samples
exceed the MCL, the system shall must increase monitoring to once
per quarter per treatment plant and is not in violation of the MCL
until it has completed one year of quarterly monitoring, unless the
result of fewer than four quarters of monitoring will cause the
running annual average to exceed the MCL, in which case the system
is in violation at the end of that quarter. Systems required to
increase to quarterly monitoring must calculate compliance by
including the sample which that triggered the increased monitoring
plus the following three quarters of monitoring.
C)
If the running annual arithmetic average of quarterly averages
covering any consecutive four-quarter period exceeds the MCL, the
system is in violation of the MCL and must notify the public
pursuant to Section 611.851 Subpart V of this Part in addition to
reporting to the Agency pursuant to Section 611.384.
83
D)
If a PWS fails to complete four consecutive quarter’s monitoring,
compliance with the MCL for the last four-quarter compliance
period must be based on an average of the available data.
2)
Bromate. Compliance must be based on a running annual arithmetic
average, computed quarterly, of monthly samples (or, for months in which
the system takes more than one sample, the average of all samples taken
during the month) collected by the system as prescribed by Section
611382(b)(3) 611.382(b)(3). If the average of samples covering any
consecutive four-quarter period exceeds the MCL, the system is in violation
of the MCL and shall must notify the public pursuant to Section 611.851
Subpart V of this Part, in addition to reporting to the Agency pursuant to
Section 611.384. If a PWS fails to complete twelve consecutive months’
monitoring, compliance with the MCL for the last four-quarter compliance
period must be based on an average of the available data.
3)
Chlorite. Compliance must be based on an arithmetic average of each three
sample set taken in the distribution system as prescribed by Section
611.382(b)(2)(A)(ii) and Section 611.382(b)(2)(B). If the arithmetic
average of any three sample set exceeds the MCL, the system is in violation
of the MCL and shall must notify the public pursuant to Section 611.851
Subpart V of this Part, in addition to reporting to the Agency pursuant to
Section 611.384.
c)
Disinfectant residuals.
1)
Chlorine and chloramines.
A)
Compliance must be based on a running annual arithmetic average,
computed quarterly, of monthly averages of all samples collected by
the system under Section 611.382(c)(1). If the average of quarterly
averages covering any consecutive four-quarter period exceeds the
MRDL, the system is in violation of the MRDL and shall must notify
the public pursuant to Section 611.851 Subpart V of this Part, in
addition to reporting to the Agency pursuant to Section 611.384.
B)
In cases where systems switch between the use of chlorine and
chloramines for residual disinfection during the year, compliance
must be determined by including together all monitoring results of
both chlorine and chloramines in calculating compliance. Reports
submitted pursuant to Section 611.384 must clearly indicate which
residual disinfectant was analyzed for each sample.
2)
Chlorine dioxide.
84
A)
Acute violations. Compliance must be based on consecutive daily
samples collected by the system under Section 611.382(c)(2). If
any daily sample taken at the entrance to the distribution system
exceeds the MRDL, and on the following day one (or more) of the
three samples taken in the distribution system exceeds the MRDL,
the system is in violation of the MRDL and shall must take
immediate corrective action to lower the level of chlorine dioxide
below the MRDL and shall must notify the public pursuant to the
procedures for acute health risks in Section 611.851(a)(3) Subpart
V of this Part in addition to reporting to the Agency pursuant to
Section 611.384. Failure to take samples in the distribution system
the day following an exceedence of the chlorine dioxide MRDL at
the entrance to the distribution system will also be considered an
MRDL violation and the system shall must notify the public of the
violation in accordance with the provisions for acute violations
under Section 611.851(a)(3) Subpart V of this Part in addition to
reporting to the Agency pursuant to Section 611.384.
B)
Nonacute violations. Compliance must be based on consecutive
daily samples collected by the system under Section 611.382(c)(2).
If any two consecutive daily samples taken at the entrance to the
distribution system exceed the MRDL and all distribution system
samples taken are below the MRDL, the system is in violation of the
MRDL and shall must take corrective action to lower the level of
chlorine dioxide below the MRDL at the point of sampling and shall
must notify the public pursuant to the procedures for nonacute health
risks in Section 611.852 Subpart V of this Part in addition to
reporting to the Agency pursuant to Section 611.384. Failure to
monitor at the entrance to the distribution system the day following
an exceedence of the chlorine dioxide MRDL at the entrance to the
distribution system is also an MRDL violation and the system shall
must notify the public of the violation in accordance with the
provisions for nonacute violations under Section 611.852 Subpart V
of this Part in addition to reporting to the Agency pursuant to Section
611.384.
d)
Disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors. Compliance must be determined as
specified by Section 611.385(c). Systems may begin monitoring to determine
whether Step 1 TOC removals can be met twelve months prior to the compliance
date for the system. This monitoring is not required and failure to monitor during
this period is not a violation. However, any system that does not monitor during
this period, and then determines in the first twelve months after the compliance date
that it is not able to meet the Step 1 requirements in Section 611.141(b)(2) and must
therefore apply for alternate minimum TOC removal (Step 2) requirements, is not
eligible for retroactive approval of alternate minimum TOC removal (Step 2)
requirements as allowed pursuant to Section 611.385(b)(3) and is in violation of an
85
NPDWR. Systems may apply for alternate minimum TOC removal (Step 2)
requirements any time after the compliance date. For systems required to meet Step
1 TOC removals, if the value calculated under Section 611.385(c)(1)(D) is less
than 1.00, the system is in violation of the treatment technique requirements and
must notify the public pursuant to Section 611.851 Subpart V of this Part, in
addition to reporting to the Agency pursuant to Section 611.384.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.133 (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 26022, May
4, 2000
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
SUBPART L: MICROBIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section 611.527
Response to Violation
a)
A supplier which that has exceeded the MCL for total coliforms in Section 611.325
shall must report the violation to the Agency no later than the end of the next
business day after it learns of the violation, and notify the public in accordance
with Subpart T V.
b)
A supplier which that has failed to comply with a coliform monitoring requirement,
including the sanitary survey requirement, shall must report the monitoring violation
to the Agency within ten days after the supplier discovers the violation, and notify
the public in accordance with Subpart T V.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.21(g) (1989), as amended at 54 Fed. Reg. 27562, June
29, 1989 (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 26022, May 4, 2000.
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
SUBPART M: TURBIDITY MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section 611.560
Turbidity
The requirements in this Section apply to unfiltered PWSs until December 30, 1991, unless the
Agency has determined prior to that date that filtration is required. The requirements in this
Section apply to filtered PWSs until June 29, 1993. The requirements in this Section apply to
unfiltered PWSs that the Agency has determined must install filtration, until June 29, 1993, or until
filtration is installed, whichever is later.
a)
Suppliers shall must take samples at representative entry point(s) to the distribution
86
system at least once per day, for the purposes of making turbidity measurements to
determine compliance with Section 611.320.
1)
If Public Health determines that a reduced sampling frequency in a non-
CWS will not pose a risk to public health, it may reduce the required
sampling frequency. The option of reducing the turbidity frequency will be
permitted only in those suppliers that practice disinfection and which
maintain an active RDC in the distribution system, and in those cases where
Public Health has indicated in writing that no unreasonable risk to health
existed under the circumstances of this option.
2)
The turbidity measurements must be made in accordance with one of the
methods set forth in Section 611.531(a).
b)
If the result of a turbidity analysis indicates that the maximum allowable limit has
been exceeded, the sampling and measurement must be confirmed by resampling as
soon as practicable and preferably within one hour. If the repeat sample confirms
that the maximum allowable limit has been exceeded, the supplier of water shall
must report to the Agency within 48 hours. The repeat sample must be the sample
used for the purpose of calculating the monthly average. If the monthly average of
the daily samples exceeds the maximum allowable limit, or if the average of two
samples taken on consecutive days exceeds 5 NTU, the supplier of water shall must
report to the Agency and notify the public as directed in Subpart T V of this Part.
c)
Sampling for non-CWSs must begin by June 29, 1991.
d)
This Section applies only to suppliers that use water obtained in whole or in part
from surface sources.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.22 (1994) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 26022,
May 4, 2000.
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
SUBPART N: INORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section 611.606
Confirmation Samples
a)
Where the results of sampling for antimony, asbestos, barium, beryllium, cadmium,
chromium, cyanide, fluoride, mercury, nickel, selenium, or thallium indicate a level
in excess of the MCL, the supplier shall must collect one additional sample as soon
as possible after the supplier receives notification of the analytical result (but no
later than two weeks after the initial sample was taken) at the same sampling point.
87
b)
Where nitrate or nitrite sampling results indicate a level in excess of the MCL, the
supplier shall must take a confirmation sample within 24 hours after the supplier’s
receipt of notification of the analytical results of the first sample.
1)
Suppliers unable to comply with the 24-hour sampling requirement must,
based on the initial sample, immediately notify the persons served in
accordance with Section 611.851 611.902 and meet other Tier 1 public
notification requirements under Subpart V of this Part.
2)
Suppliers exercising this option must take and analyze a confirmation
sample within two weeks of notification of the analytical results of the first
sample.
c)
Averaging rules are specified in Section 611.609. The Agency shall must delete
the original or confirmation sample if it determines that a sampling error occurred,
in which case the confirmation sample will replace the original sample.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(f) (1995) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg.
26022 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.612
Monitoring Requirements for Old Inorganic MCLs
a)
Analyses for the purpose of determining compliance with the old inorganic MCLs
of Section 611.300 are required as follows:
1)
Analyses for all CWSs utilizing surface water sources must be repeated at
yearly intervals.
2)
Analyses for all CWSs utilizing only groundwater sources must be repeated
at three-year intervals.
3)
This subsection (a)(3) corresponds with 40 CFR 141.23(1)(3) (1994)
(1999), which requires monitoring for the repealed old MCL for nitrate at a
frequency specified by the state. The Board has followed the U.S. EPA
USEPA lead and repealed that old MCL. This statement maintains
structural consistency with U.S. EPA USEPA rules.
4)
This subsection (a)(4) corresponds with 40 CFR 141.23(1)(4) (1994)
(1999), which authorizes the state to determine compliance and initiate
enforcement action. This authority exists through the authorization of the
Act, not through federal rules. This statement maintains structural
consistency with U.S. EPA USEPA rules.
b)
If the result of an analyses made under subsection (a) above of this Section
88
indicates that the level of any contaminant listed in Section 611.300 exceeds the old
MCL, the supplier shall must report to the Agency within 7 days and initiate three
additional analyses at the same sampling point within one month.
c)
When the average of four analyses made pursuant to subsection (b) above of this
Section, rounded to the same number of significant figures as the old MCL for the
substance in question, exceeds the old MCL, the supplier shall must notify the
Agency and give notice to the public pursuant to Subpart T V of this Part.
Monitoring after public notification must be at a frequency designated by the
Agency by a SEP granted pursuant to Section 611.110 and must continue until the
old MCL has not been exceeded in two successive samples or until a different
monitoring schedule becomes effective as a condition to a variance, an adjusted
standard, a site specific rule, an enforcement action, or another SEP granted
pursuant to Section 611.110.
d)
This subsection (d) corresponds with 40 CFR 141.23(o) (1999), which pertains to
monitoring for the repealed old MCL for nitrate. The Board has followed the U.S.
EPA USEPA action and repealed that old MCL. This statement maintains structural
consistency with U.S. EPA USEPA rules.
e)
This subsection (e) corresponds with 40 CFR 141.23(p) (1999), which pertains to
the use of existing data up until a date long since expired. The Board did not adopt
the original provision in R88-26. This statement maintains structural consistency
with U.S. EPA USEPA rules.
f)
Except for arsenic, for which analyses must be made in accordance with Section
611.611, analyses conducted to determine compliance with the old MCLs of
Section 611.300 must be made in accordance with the following methods,
incorporated by reference in Section 611.102.
1)
Fluoride: The methods specified in Section 611.611(c) shall must apply for
the purposes of this Section.
2)
Iron:
A)
Standard Methods, 18th ed.:
i)
Method 3111 B, or
ii)
Method 3113 B, or
iii)
Method 3120 B.
B)
EPA Environmental Metals Methods:
i)
Method 200.7, or
89
ii)
Method 200.9.
3)
Manganese:
A)
Standard Methods, 18th ed.:
i)
Method 3111 B,
ii)
Method 3113 B, or
iii)
Method 3120 B.
B)
EPA Environmental Metals Methods:
i)
Method 200.7,
ii)
Method 200.8, or
iii)
Method 200.9.
4)
Zinc:
A)
Standard Methods, 18th ed.:
i)
Method 3111 B, or
ii)
Method 3120 B.
B)
EPA Environmental Metals Methods:
i)
Method 200.7, or
ii)
Method 200.8.
BOARD NOTE: The provisions of subsections (a) through (f) above of this Section derive from
40 CFR 141.23(l) through (p) (1994), as amended at 59 Fed. Reg. 62466 (Dec. 5, 1994) (1999),
as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 26022, May 4, 2000. U.S. EPA USEPA removed and reserved 40
CFR 141.23(q) (formerly 40 CFR 141.23(f)) at 59 Fed. Reg. 62466 (Dec. 5, 1994). Subsection
(f)(2) above of this Section relates to a contaminant for which U.S. EPA USEPA specifies an
MCL, but for which it repealed the analytical method. Subsections (f)(2) through (f)(4) above of
this Section relate exclusively to additional state requirements. The Board retained subsections
(f)(1), (f)(3), and (f)(4) of this Section to set forth methods for the inorganic contaminants for
which there is a state-only MCL. The methods specified are those set forth in 40 CFR 143.4(b), as
amended at 59 Fed. Reg. 62471 (Dec. 5, 1994) (1999), for secondary MCLs. The predecessor to
subsections (a) through (e) above of this Section were formerly codified as Section 611.601. The
90
predecessor to subsection (f) above of this Section was formerly codified as Section 611.606.
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
SUBPART O: ORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section 611.646
Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V Volatile Organic Contaminants
Monitoring of the Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs for the purpose of determining compliance
with the MCL must be conducted as follows:
a)
Definitions. As used in this Section:
“Detect” and “detection” means that the contaminant of interest is present at a level
greater than or equal to the “detection limit”.”
“Detection limit” means 0.0005 mg/L.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f)(7), (f)(11), (f)(14)(i), and
(f)(20) (1994) (1999). This is a “trigger level” for Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V
VOCs inasmuch as it prompts further action. The use of the term “detect” in this
section is not intended to include any analytical capability of quantifying lower
levels of any contaminant, or the “method detection limit”.” Note, however that
certain language at the end of federal paragraph (f)(20) is capable of meaning that
the “method detection limit” is used to derive the “detection limit”.” The Board
has chosen to disregard that language at the end of paragraph (f)(20) in favor of the
more direct language of paragraphs (f)(7) and (f)(11).
“Method detection limit”,” as used in subsections (q) and (t) below of this Section
of this Section means the minimum concentration of a substance that can be
measured and reported with 99 percent confidence that the analyte concentration is
greater than zero and is determined from analysis of a sample in a given matrix
containing the analyte.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 136, Appendix B (1994) (1999). The
method detection limit is determined by the procedure set forth in 40 CFR 136,
Appendix B. See subsection (t) below of this Section.
b)
Required sampling. Each supplier shall must take a minimum of one sample
at each sampling point at the times required in subsection (u) below of this
Section.
c)
Sampling points.
91
1)
Sampling points for GWSs. Unless otherwise provided by a SEP granted
by the Agency pursuant to Section 611.110, a GWS supplier shall must take
at least one sample from each of the following points: each entry point that
is representative of each well after treatment.
2)
Sampling points for SWSs and mixed systems. Unless otherwise provided
by a SEP granted by the Agency pursuant to Section 611.110, a SWS or
mixed system supplier shall must sample from each of the following points:
A)
Each entry point after treatment; or
B)
Points in the distribution system that are representative of each
source.
3)
The supplier shall must take each sample at the same sampling point unless
the Agency has granted a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that designates
another location as more representative of each source, treatment plant, or
within the distribution system.
4)
If a system draws water from more than one source, and the sources are
combined before distribution, the supplier shall must sample at an entry
point during periods of normal operating conditions when water is
representative of all sources being used.
BOARD NOTE: Subsections (b) and (c) above of this Section derived from 40
CFR 141.24(f)(1) through (f)(3) (1994) (1999).
d)
Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier shall must take four consecutive quarterly
samples for each of the Phase I VOCs, excluding vinyl chloride, and Phase II VOCs
during each compliance period, beginning in the compliance period starting in the
initial compliance period.
e)
Reduction to annual monitoring frequency. If the initial monitoring for the Phase I,
Phase II, and Phase V VOCs as allowed in subsection (r)(1) below of this Section
has been completed by December 31, 1992, and the supplier did not detect any of
the Phase I VOCs, including vinyl chloride, Phase II, or Phase V VOCs, then the
supplier shall must take one sample annually beginning in the initial compliance
period.
f)
GWS reduction to triennial monitoring frequency. After a minimum of three years
of annual sampling, GWS suppliers that have not previously detected any of the
Phase I VOCs, including vinyl chloride, Phase II, or Phase V VOCs shall must take
one sample during each three-year compliance period.
g)
A CWS or NTNCWS supplier that has completed the initial round of monitoring
required by subsection (d) above of this Section and which did not detect any of the
92
Phase I VOCs, including vinyl chloride, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs may apply to
the Agency for a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that releases it from the
requirements of subsection (e) or (f) above of this Section. A supplier that serves
fewer than 3300 service connections may apply to the Agency for a SEP pursuant to
Section 611.110 that releases it from the requirements of subsection (d) above of
this Section as to 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f)(7) and (f)(10) (1994) (1999),
and the discussion at 57 Fed. Reg. 31825 (July 17, 1992). Provisions concerning
the term of the waiver appear below in subsections (i) and (j) below of this
Section. The definition of “detect”,” parenthetically added to the federal
counterpart paragraph is in subsection (a) above of this Section.
h)
Vulnerability Assessment. The Agency shall must consider the factors of Section
611.110(e) in granting a SEP from the requirements of subsections subsection (d),
(e), or (f) above of this Section sought pursuant to subsection (g) above of this
Section.
i)
A SEP issued to a GWS pursuant to subsection (g) above of this Section is for a
maximum of six years, except that a SEP as to the subsection (d) above of this
Section monitoring for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene shall must apply only to the initial
round of monitoring. As a condition of a SEP, except as to a SEP from the initial
round of subsection (d) above of this Section monitoring for 1,2,4-trichloro-
benzene, the supplier shall, within 30 months after the beginning of the period for
which the waiver was issued, reconfirm its vulnerability assessment required by
subsection (h) above of this Section and submitted pursuant to subsection (g) above
of this Section, by taking one sample at each sampling point and reapplying for a
SEP pursuant to subsection (g) above of this Section. Based on this application, the
Agency shall must either:
1)
If it determines that the PWS meets the standard of Section 611.610(e),
issue a SEP that reconfirms the prior SEP for the remaining three-year
compliance period of the six-year maximum term; or,
2)
Issue a new SEP requiring the supplier to sample annually.
BOARD NOTE: This provision Subsection (i) of this Section does not apply to
SWSs and mixed systems.
j)
Special considerations for SEPs for SWS and mixed systems.
1)
The Agency must determine that a SWS is not vulnerable before issuing a
SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 to a SWS supplier. A SEP issued to a
SWS or mixed system supplier pursuant to subsection (g) above of this
Section is for a maximum of one compliance period; and
93
2)
The Agency may require, as a condition to a SEP issued to a SWS or
mixed supplier, that the supplier take such samples for Phase I, Phase
II, and Phase V VOCs at such a frequency as the Agency determines are
necessary, based on the vulnerability assessment.
BOARD NOTE: There is a great degree of similarity between 40 CFR
141.24(f)(7) (1999), the provision applicable to GWSs, and 40 CFR 141.24(f)(10)
(1999), the provision for SWSs. The Board has consolidated the common
requirements of both paragraphs into subsection (g) above of this Section.
Subsection (j) above of this Section represents the elements unique to SWSs and
mixed systems, and subsection (i) above of this Section relates to GWSs. Although
40 CFR 141.24(f)(7) and (f)(10) are silent as to mixed systems, the Board has
included mixed systems with SWSs because this best follows the federal scheme
for all other contaminants.
k)
If one of the Phase I VOCs, excluding vinyl chloride,; a Phase II, VOC; or a Phase
V VOCs VOC is detected in any sample, then:
1)
The supplier shall must monitor quarterly for that contaminant at each
sampling point that resulted in a detection.
2)
Annual monitoring.
A)
The Agency shall must grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that
allows a supplier to reduce the monitoring frequency to annual at a
sampling point if it determines that the sampling point is reliably
and consistently below the MCL.
B)
A request for a SEP must include the following minimal
information:
i)
For a GWS, two quarterly samples.
ii)
For a SWS or mixed system, four quarterly samples.
C)
In issuing a SEP, the Agency shall must specify the level of the
contaminant upon which the “reliably and consistently”
determination was based. All SEPs that allow less frequent
monitoring based on an Agency “reliably and consistently”
determination shall must include a condition requiring the supplier
to resume quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection (k)(1) above
of this Section if it violates the MCL specified by Section 611.311.
3)
Suppliers that monitor annually shall must monitor during the quarter(s)
quarters that previously yielded the highest analytical result.
94
4)
Suppliers that do not detect a contaminant at a sampling point in three
consecutive annual samples may apply to the Agency for a SEP pursuant to
Section 611.110 that allows it to discontinue monitoring for that
contaminant at that point, as specified in subsection (g) above of this
Section.
5)
A GWS supplier that has detected one or more of the two-carbon
contaminants listed in subsection (k)(5)(A) below of this Section shall must
monitor quarterly for vinyl chloride as described in subsection (k)(5)(B)
below of this Section, subject to the limitation of subsection (k)(5)(C)
below of this Section.
A)
Two-carbon contaminants (Phase I or II VOC):
1,2-Dichloroethane (Phase I)
1,1-Dichloroethylene (Phase I)
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (Phase II)
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene (Phase II)
Tetrachloroethylene (Phase II)
1,1,1-Trichloroethylene (Phase I)
Trichloroethylene (Phase I)
B)
The supplier shall must sample quarterly for vinyl chloride at each
sampling point at which it detected one or more of the two-carbon
contaminants listed in subsection (k)(5)(A) above of this Section.
C)
The Agency shall must grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that
allows the supplier to reduce the monitoring frequency for vinyl
chloride at any sampling point to once in each three-year
compliance period if it determines that the supplier has not detected
vinyl chloride in the first sample required by subsection (k)(5)(B)
above of this Section.
l)
Quarterly monitoring following MCL violations.
1)
Suppliers that violate an MCL for one of the Phase I VOCs, including vinyl
chloride, Phase II, or Phase V VOCs, as determined by subsection (o)
below of this Section, shall must monitor quarterly for that contaminant, at
the sampling point where the violation occurred, beginning the next quarter
after the violation.
2)
Annual monitoring.
A)
The Agency shall must grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that
allows a supplier to reduce the monitoring frequency to annually if it
determines that the sampling point is reliably and consistently below
95
the MCL.
B)
A request for a SEP must include the following minimal
information: four quarterly samples.
C)
In issuing a SEP, the Agency shall must specify the level of the
contaminant upon which the “reliably and consistently”
determination was based. All SEPs that allow less frequent
monitoring based on an Agency “reliably and consistently”
determination shall must include a condition requiring the supplier
to resume quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection (l)(1) above
of this Section if it violates the MCL specified by Section 611.311.
D)
The supplier shall must monitor during the quarter(s) quarters that
previously yielded the highest analytical result.
m)
Confirmation samples. The Agency may issue a SEP pursuant to Section 610.110
to require a supplier to use a confirmation sample for results that it finds dubious
for whatever reason. The Agency must state its reasons for issuing the SEP if the
SEP is Agency-initiated.
1)
If a supplier detects any of the Phase I, Phase II, or Phase V VOCs in a
sample, the supplier shall must take a confirmation sample as soon as
possible, but no later than 14 days after the supplier receives notice of the
detection.
2)
Averaging is as specified in subsection (o) below of this Section.
3)
The Agency shall must delete the original or confirmation sample if it
determines that a sampling error occurred, in which case the confirmation
sample will replace the original or confirmation sample.
n)
This subsection (n) corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(f)(14) (1999), an optional
USEPA provision relating to compositing of samples that USEPA does not require
for state programs. This statement maintains structural consistency with USEPA
rules.
o)
Compliance with the MCLs for the Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs must be
determined based on the analytical results obtained at each sampling point.
1)
For suppliers that conduct monitoring at a frequency greater than annual,
compliance is determined by a running annual average of all samples taken
at each sampling point.
A)
If the annual average of any sampling point is greater than the MCL,
then the supplier is out of compliance.
96
B)
If the initial sample or a subsequent sample would cause the annual
average to exceed the MCL, then the supplier is out of compliance
immediately.
C)
Any samples below the detection limit shall must be deemed as zero
for purposes of determining the annual average.
2)
If monitoring is conducted annually, or less frequently, the supplier is out of
compliance if the level of a contaminant at any sampling point is greater
than the MCL. If a confirmation sample is taken, the determination of
compliance is based on the average of two samples.
3) When the portion of the distribution system that is out of compliance is
separable from other parts of the distribution system and has no
interconnections, the supplier may issue the public notice required by
Subpart T of this Part only to persons served by that portion of the
distribution system that is not in compliance.
p)
This provision subsection (p) corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(f)(16)
(1994) (1999), which USEPA removed and reserved at 59 Fed. Reg. 62468
(Dec. 5, 1994). This statement maintains structural consistency with the
federal regulations.
q)
Analysis under this Section must only be conducted by laboratories that have
received certification by USEPA or the Agency according to the following
conditions:
1)
To receive certification to conduct analyses for the Phase I VOCs,
excluding vinyl chloride, Phase II VOCs, and Phase V VOCs, the laboratory
must:
A)
Analyze performance evaluation samples that include these
substances provided by the Agency pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code
183.125(c);
B)
Achieve the quantitative acceptance limits under subsections
(q)(1)(C) and (q)(1)(D) below of this Section for at least 80 percent
of the Phase I VOCs, excluding vinyl chloride, Phase II VOCs,
except vinyl chloride, or Phase V VOCs;
C)
Achieve quantitative results on the analyses performed under
subsection (q)(1)(A) above of this Section that are within ± 20
percent of the actual amount of the substances in the performance
evaluation sample when the actual amount is greater than or equal to
0.010 mg/L;
97
D)
Achieve quantitative results on the analyses performed under
subsection (q)(1)(A) above of this Section that are within ± 40
percent of the actual amount of the substances in the performance
evaluation sample when the actual amount is less than 0.010 mg/L;
and
E)
Achieve a method detection limit of 0.0005 mg/L, according to the
procedures in 40 CFR 136, appendix B, incorporated by reference
in Section 611.102.
2)
To receive certification to conduct analyses for vinyl chloride the
laboratory must:
A)
Analyze performance evaluation samples provided by the Agency
pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 183.125(c);
B)
Achieve quantitative results on the analyses performed under
subsection (q)(2)(A) above of this Section that are within ± 40
percent of the actual amount of vinyl chloride in the performance
evaluation sample;
C)
Achieve a method detection limit of 0.0005 mg/L, according to the
procedures in 40 CFR 136, appendix B, incorporated by reference
in Section 611.102; and
D)
Obtain certification pursuant to subsection (q)(1) above of this
Section for Phase I VOCs, excluding vinyl chloride, Phase II VOCs,
and Phase V VOCs.
r)
Use of existing data.
1)
The Agency shall must allow the use of data collected after January 1, 1988
but prior to the effective date of this Section, pursuant to Agency sample
request letters, if it determines that the data are generally consistent with the
requirements of this Section.
2)
The Agency shall must grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows
a supplier to monitor annually beginning in the initial compliance period if
it determines that the supplier did not detect any Phase I, Phase II, or Phase
V VOC using existing data allowed pursuant to subsection (r)(1) above of
this Section.
s)
The Agency shall, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, increase the
number of sampling points or the frequency of monitoring if it determines that it is
necessary to detect variations within the PWS.
98
t)
Each laboratory certified for the analysis of Phase I, Phase II, or Phase V VOCs
pursuant to subsection (q)(1) or (q)(2) above of this Section shall:
1)
Determine the method detection limit (MDL), as defined in 40 CFR 136,
Appendix B, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102, at which it is
capable of detecting the Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs; and,
2)
Achieve an MDL for each Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOC that is
less than or equal to 0.0005 mg/L.
u)
Each supplier shall must monitor, within each compliance period, at the time
designated by the Agency by SEP pursuant to Section 611.110.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f) (1994) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg.
26022 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.648
Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V Synthetic Organic Contaminants
Analysis of the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs for the purposes of determining compliance
with the MCL must be conducted as follows:
a)
Definitions. As used in this Section, the following terms will have the following
meanings:
“Detect or detection” means that the contaminant of interest is present at a
level greater than or equal to the “detection limit”.
“Detection limit” means the level of the contaminant of interest that is
specified in subsection (r) below of this Section.
BOARD NOTE: This is a “trigger level” for Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase
V SOCs inasmuch as it prompts further action. The use of the term “detect”
or “detection” in this section Section is not intended to include any
analytical capability of quantifying lower levels of any contaminant, or the
“method detection limit”.
b)
Required sampling. Each supplier shall must take a minimum of one sample at each
sampling point at the times required in subsection (q) below of this Section.
BOARD NOTE: USEPA stayed the effective date of the MCLs for aldicarb,
aldicarb sulfone, and aldicarb sulfoxide at 57 Fed. Reg. 22178 (May 27, 1991).
Section 611.311(c) includes this stay. However, despite the stay of the
effectiveness of the MCLs for these three SOCs, suppliers must monitor for them.
99
c)
Sampling points.
1)
Sampling points for GWSs. Unless otherwise provided by SEP, a GWS
supplier shall must take at least one sample from each of the following
points: each entry point that is representative of each well after treatment.
2)
Sampling points for SWSs and mixed systems. Unless otherwise provided
by SEP, a SWS or mixed system supplier shall must sample from each of
the following points:
A)
Each entry point after treatment; or
B)
Points in the distribution system that are representative of each
source.
3)
The supplier shall must take each sample at the same sampling point unless
the Agency has granted a SEP that designates another location as more
representative of each source, treatment plant, or within the distribution
system.
4)
If a system draws water from more than one source, and the sources are
combined before distribution, the supplier shall must sample at an entry
point during periods of normal operating conditions when water is
representative of all sources being used.
BOARD NOTE: Subsections (b) and (c) above of this Section derived from 40
CFR 141.24(h)(1) through (h)(3) (1995) (1999).
d)
Monitoring frequency:.
1)
Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier shall must take four consecutive
quarterly samples for each of the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs
during each compliance period, beginning in the three-year compliance
period starting in the initial compliance period.
2)
Suppliers serving more than 3,300 persons that do not detect a contaminant
in the initial compliance period, shall must take a minimum of two quarterly
samples in one year of each subsequent three-year compliance period.
3)
Suppliers serving less fewer than or equal to 3,300 persons that do not
detect a contaminant in the initial compliance period, shall must take a
minimum of one sample during each subsequent three-year compliance
period.
100
e)
Reduction to annual monitoring frequency. A CWS or NTNCWS supplier may
apply to the Agency for a SEP that releases it from the requirements of subsection
(d) above of this Section. A SEP from the requirement of subsection (d) above of
this Section shall must last for only a single three-year compliance period.
f)
Vulnerability Assessment assessment. The Agency shall must grant a SEP from the
requirements of subsection (d) above of this Section based on consideration of the
factors set forth at Section 611.110(e).
g)
If one of the Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase V SOCs is detected in any sample, then
the following must occur:
1)
The supplier shall must monitor quarterly for the contaminant at each
sampling point that resulted in a detection.
2)
Annual monitoring.
A)
A supplier may request that the Agency grant a SEP pursuant to
Section 610.110 that reduces the monitoring frequency to annual.
B)
A request for a SEP must include the following minimal
information:
i)
For a GWS, two quarterly samples.
ii)
For a SWS or mixed system, four quarterly samples.
C)
The Agency shall must grant a SEP that allows annual monitoring at
a sampling point if it determines that the sampling point is reliably
and consistently below the MCL.
D)
In issuing the SEP, the Agency shall must specify the level of the
contaminant upon which the “reliably and consistently”
determination was based. All SEPs that allow less frequent
monitoring based on an Agency “reliably and consistently”
determination shall must include a condition requiring the supplier
to resume quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection (g)(1) above
of this Section if it detects any Phase II SOC.
3)
Suppliers that monitor annually shall must monitor during the quarter(s)
quarters that previously yielded the highest analytical result.
4)
Suppliers that have three consecutive annual samples with no detection of a
contaminant at a sampling point may apply to the Agency for a SEP with
respect to that point, as specified in subsections (e) and (f) above of this
Section.
101
5)
Monitoring for related contaminants.
A)
If monitoring results in detection of one or more of the related
contaminants listed in subsection (g)(5)(B) below of this Section,
subsequent monitoring shall must analyze for all the related
compounds in the respective group.
B)
Related contaminants:
i)
first First group:
aldicarb
aldicarb sulfone
aldicarb sulfoxide
ii)
second Second group:
heptachlor
heptachlor epoxide.
h)
Quarterly monitoring following MCL violations.
1)
Suppliers that violate an MCL for one of the Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase V
SOCs, as determined by subsection (k) below of this Section, shall must
monitor quarterly for that contaminant at the sampling point where the
violation occurred, beginning the next quarter after the violation.
2)
Annual monitoring.
A)
A supplier may request that the Agency grant a SEP pursuant to
Section 611.110 that reduces the monitoring frequency to annual.
B)
A request for a SEP must include, at a minimum, the results from
four quarterly samples.
C)
The Agency shall must grant a SEP that allows annual monitoring at
a sampling point if it determines that the sampling point is reliably
and consistently below the MCL.
D)
In issuing the SEP, the Agency shall must specify the level of the
contaminant upon which the “reliably and consistently”
determination was based. All SEPs that allow less frequent
monitoring based on an Agency “reliably and consistently”
determination shall must include a condition requiring the supplier
102
to resume quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection (h)(1) above
of this Section if it detects any Phase II SOC.
E)
The supplier shall must monitor during the quarter(s) quarters that
previously yielded the highest analytical result.
i)
Confirmation samples.
1)
If any of the Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase V SOCs are detected in a sample,
the supplier shall must take a confirmation sample as soon as possible, but
no later than 14 days after the supplier receives notice of the detection.
2)
Averaging is as specified in subsection (k) below of this Section.
3)
The Agency shall must delete the original or confirmation sample if it
determines that a sampling error occurred, in which case the confirmation
sample will replace the original or confirmation sample.
j)
This subsection (j) corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(h)(10), an optional USEPA
provision relating to compositing of samples that USEPA does not require for state
programs. This statement maintains structural consistency with USEPA rules.
k) Compliance with the MCLs for the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs shall be
determined based on the analytical results obtained at each sampling point.
1) For suppliers that are conducting monitoring at a frequency greater than
annual, compliance is determined by a running annual average of all
samples taken at each sampling point.
A) If the annual average of any sampling point is greater than the MCL,
then the supplier is out of compliance.
B) If the initial sample or a subsequent sample would cause the annual
average to be exceeded, then the supplier is out of compliance
immediately.
C) Any samples below the detection limit must be calculated as zero
for purposes of determining the annual average.
2) If monitoring is conducted annually or less frequently, the supplier is out of
compliance if the level of a contaminant at any sampling point is greater
than the MCL. If a confirmation sample is taken, the determination of
compliance is based on the average of two samples.
3) When the portion of the distribution system that is out of compliance is
separable from other parts of the distribution system and has no
103
interconnections, the supplier may issue the public notice required by
Subpart T of this Part only to persons served by that portion of the
distribution system that is not in compliance.
k) This subsection (k) corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(h)(11) (1999), which USEPA
removed at 65 Fed. Reg. 26022 (May 4, 2000). This statement maintains structural
consistency with the federal regulations.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(h)(11) (1995).
l)
This provision subsection (l) corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(h)(12) (1995)
(1999), which USEPA removed and reserved at 59 Fed. Reg. 62468 (Dec. 5,
1994). This statement maintains structural consistency with the federal regulations.
m)
Analysis for PCBs must be conducted as follows using the methods in Section
611.645:
1)
Each supplier that monitors for PCBs shall must analyze each sample using
either USEPA Organic Methods, Method 505 or Method 508.
2)
If PCBs are detected in any sample analyzed using USEPA Organic
Methods, Methods 505 or 508, the supplier shall must reanalyze the sample
using Method 508A to quantitate the individual Aroclors (as
decachlorobiphenyl).
3)
Compliance with the PCB MCL must be determined based upon the
quantitative results of analyses using USEPA Organic Methods, Method
508A.
n)
Use of existing data.
1)
The Agency shall must allow the use of data collected after January 1, 1990
but prior to the effective date of this Section, pursuant to Agency sample
request letters, if it determines that the data are generally consistent with the
requirements of this Section.
2)
The Agency shall must grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows
a supplier to monitor annually beginning in the initial compliance period if
it determines that the supplier did not detect any Phase I VOC or Phase II
VOC using existing data allowed pursuant to subsection (n)(1) above of this
Section.
o)
The Agency shall must issue a SEP that increases the number of sampling points or
the frequency of monitoring if it determines that this is necessary to detect
variations within the PWS due to such factors as fluctuations in contaminant
concentration due to seasonal use or changes in the water source.
104
BOARD NOTE: At 40 CFR 141.24(h)(15), USEPA uses the stated factors as non-
limiting examples of circumstances that make additional monitoring necessary.
p)
This subsection (p) corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(h)(16), a USEPA provision
that the Board has not adopted because it reserves enforcement authority to the state
State and would serve no useful function as part of the state’s State’s rules. This
statement maintains structural consistency with USEPA rules.
q)
Each supplier shall must monitor, within each compliance period, at the time
designated by the Agency by SEP pursuant to Section 611.110.
r)
“Detection” means greater than or equal to the following concentrations for each
contaminant:
1)
for PCBs (Aroclors):
Aroclor
Detection Limit (mg/L)
1016
0.00008
1221
0.02
1232
0.0005
1242
0.0003
1248
0.0001
1254
0.0001
1260
0.0002
2)
for other Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs:
Contaminant
Detection Limit
(mg/L)
Alachlor
0.0002
Aldicarb
0.0005
Aldicarb sulfoxide
0.0005
Aldicarb sulfone
0.0008
Atrazine
0.0001
Benzo(a)pyrene
0.00002
Carbofuran
0.0009
Chlordane
0.0002
2,4-D
0.0001
Dalapon
0.001
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)
0.00002
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
0.0006
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
0.0006
Dinoseb
0.0002
105
Diquat
0.0004
Endothall
0.009
Endrin
0.00001
Ethylene dibromide (EDB)
0.00001
Glyphosate
0.006
Heptachlor
0.00004
Heptachlor epoxide
0.00002
Hexachlorobenzene
0.0001
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
0.0001
Lindane
0.00002
Methoxychlor
0.0001
Oxamyl
0.002
Picloram
0.0001
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (as
decachlorobiphenyl)
0.0001
Pentachlorophenol
0.00004
Simazine
0.00007
Toxaphene
0.001
2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin)
0.000000005
2,4,5-TP (Silvexsilvex)
0.0002
s)
Laboratory Certification certification.
1)
Analyses under this Section must only be conducted by laboratories that
have received approval by USEPA or the Agency according to the
following conditions.
2)
To receive certification to conduct analyses for the Phase II, Phase IIB, and
Phase V SOCs, the laboratory must do the following:
A)
Analyze performance evaluation samples provided by the Agency
pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 183.125(c) that include these
substances; and
B)
Achieve quantitative results on the analyses performed under
subsection (s)(2)(A) above of this Section that are within the
following acceptance limits set forth in subsection (s)(2)(C) below.:
C) Acceptance limits:
SOC
Acceptance Limits
Alachlor
± 45%
Aldicarb
2 standard deviations
Aldicarb sulfone
2 standard deviations
Aldicarb sulfoxide
2 standard deviations
106
Atrazine
± 45%
Benzo(a)pyrene
2 standard deviations
Carbofuran
± 45%
Chlordane
± 45%
Dalapon
2 standard deviations
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
2 standard deviations
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
2 standard deviations
Dinoseb
2 standard deviations
Diquat
2 standard deviations
Endothall
2 standard deviations
Endrin
± 30%
Glyphosate
2 standard deviations
Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)
± 40%
Ethylene dibromide (EDB)
± 40%
Heptachlor
± 45%
Heptachlor epoxide
± 45%
Hexachlorobenzene
2 standard deviations
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
2 standard deviations
Lindane
± 45%
Methoxychlor
± 45%
Oxamyl
2 standard deviations
PCBs (as Decachlorobiphenyl
decachlorobiphenyl)
0-200%
Pentachlorophenol
± 50%
Picloram
2 standard deviations
Simazine
2 standard deviations
Toxaphene
± 45%
2,4-D
± 50%
2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin)
2 standard deviations
2,4,5-TP (Silvexsilvex)
± 50%
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(h) (1995) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg.
26022 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
SUBPART P: THM MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section 611.684
Averaging
Compliance with Section 611.310(c) or 611.312a) is determined based on a running annual
average of quarterly samples collected by the PWS, as prescribed in Section 611.680(b)(1) or (2).
If the average of samples covering any 12 month period exceeds the MCL, the PWS shall must
report to the Agency and notify the public pursuant to Subpart T V. Monitoring after public
notification must be at a frequency designated by the Agency and must continue until a monitoring
107
schedule as a condition to a variance, adjusted standard, or enforcement action becomes effective.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.30(d) (1998) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg.
26022, May 4, 2000.
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
SUBPART Q: RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section 611.731
Gross Alpha
Monitoring requirements for gross alpha particle activity, radium-226 and radium-228 are as
follows:
a)
Compliance must be based on the analysis of an annual composite of four
consecutive quarterly samples or the average of the analyses of four samples
obtained at quarterly intervals.
1)
A gross alpha particle activity measurement may be substituted for the
required radium-226 and radium-228 analysis, provided that the measured
gross alpha particle activity does not exceed 5 pCi/L at a confidence level
of 95 percent (1.65 sigma where sigma is the standard deviation of the net
counting rate of the sample). In localities where radium-228 may be
present in drinking water, the Agency may, by special exception permit,
require radium-226 or radium-228 analyses if it determines that the gross
alpha particle activity exceeds 2 pCi/L.
2)
When the gross alpha particle activity exceeds 5 pCi/L, the same or an
equivalent sample must be analyzed for radium-226. If the concentration of
radium-226 exceeds 3 pCi/L the same or an equivalent sample must be
analyzed for radium-228.
b)
See Section 611.100(e).
c)
CWS suppliers shall must monitor at least once every four years following the
procedure required by subsection (a) of this Section. When an annual record taken
in conformance with subsection (a) of this Section has established that the average
annual concentration is less than half the MCLs established by Section 611.330, the
Agency shall, by special exception permit, substitute analysis of a single sample for
the quarterly sampling procedure required by subsection (a) of this Section.
1)
The Agency shall, by special exception permit, require more frequent
monitoring in the vicinity of mining or other operations which that may
contribute alpha particle radioactivity to either surface or groundwater
108
sources of drinking water.
2)
A CWS supplier shall must monitor in conformance with subsection (a) of
this Section for one year after the introduction of a new water source. The
Agency shall, by special exception permit, require more frequent
monitoring in the event of possible contamination or when changes in the
distribution system or treatment process occur which that may increase the
concentration of radioactivity in finished water.
3)
The Agency shall, by special exception permit, require a CWS supplier
using two or more sources having different concentrations of radioactivity
to monitor source water, in addition to water from a free-flowing tap.
4)
The Agency shall must not require monitoring for radium-228 to determine
compliance with Section 611.330 after the initial period, provided that the
average annual concentration of radium-228 has been assayed at least once
using the quarterly sampling procedure required by subsection (a) of this
Section.
5)
The Agency shall must require the CWS supplier to conduct annual
monitoring if the radium-226 concentration exceeds 3 pCi/L.
d)
If the average annual MCL for gross alpha particle activity or total radium as set
forth in Section 611.330 is exceeded, the CWS supplier shall must give notice to
the Agency and notify the public as required by Subpart T V. Monitoring at
quarterly intervals must be continued until the annual average concentration no
longer exceeds the MCL or until a monitoring schedule as a condition to a variance,
adjusted standard or enforcement action becomes effective.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.26(a) (1995) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg.
26022, May 4, 2000.
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.732
Manmade Radioactivity
Monitoring requirements for manmade radioactivity in CWSs are as follows:
a)
CWSs using surface water sources and serving more than 100,000 persons
and such other CWSs as the Agency, by special exception permit, requires
must monitor for compliance with Section 611.331 by analysis of a
composite of four consecutive quarterly samples or analysis of four
quarterly samples. Compliance with Section 611.331 is assumed without
further analysis if the average annual concentration of gross beta particle
activity is less than 50 pCi/L and if the average annual concentrations of
tritium and strontium-90 are less than those listed in Section 611.331,
109
provided that if both radionuclides are present the sum of their annual dose
equivalents to bone marrow must not exceed 4 millirem/year.
1)
If the gross beta particle activity exceeds 50 pCi/L, an analysis of the
sample must be performed to identify the major radioactive constituents
present and the appropriate organ and total body doses must be calculated
to determine compliance with Section 611.331.
2)
If the MCLs are exceeded, the Agency shall, by special exception permit,
require the supplier to conduct additional monitoring to determine the
concentration of man-made radioactivity in principal watersheds.
3)
The Agency shall, pursuant to subsection (d) of this Section, by special
exception permit, require suppliers of water utilizing only groundwater to
monitor for man-made radioactivity.
b)
See Section 611.100(e).
c)
CWS suppliers shall must monitor at least every four years following the procedure
in subsection (a) of this Section.
d)
The Agency shall, by special exception permit, require any CWS supplier utilizing
waters contaminated by effluents from nuclear facilities to initiate quarterly
monitoring for gross beta particle and iodine-131 radioactivity and annual
monitoring for strontium-90 and tritium.
1)
Quarterly monitoring for gross beta particle activity must be based on the
analysis of monthly samples or the analysis of a composite of three monthly
samples. If the gross beta particle activity in a sample exceeds 15 pCi/L,
the same or an equivalent sample must be analyzed for strontium-89 and
cesium-134. If the gross beta particle activity exceeds 50 pCi/L, an
analysis of the sample must be performed to identify the major radioactive
constitutents constituents present and the appropriate organ and total body
doses must be calculated to determine compliance with Section 611.331.
2)
For iodine-131, a composite of five consecutive daily samples must be
analyzed once each quarter. The Agency shall, by special exception permit,
require more frequent monitoring when iodine-131 is identified in the
finished water.
3)
The Agency shall, by special exception permit, require annual monitoring
for strontium-90 and tritium by means of the analysis of a composite of four
consecutive quarterly samples or analysis of four quarterly samples.
4)
The Agency shall, by special exception permit, allow the substitution of
environmental surveillance data taken in conjunction with a nuclear facility
110
for direct monitoring of manmade radioactivity by the supplier where the
Agency determines such data is applicable to the CWS.
e)
If the average annual MCL for man-made radioactivity set forth in Section 611.331
is exceeded, the CWS supplier shall must give notice to the Agency and to the
public as required by Subpart T V. Monitoring at monthly intervals must be
continued until the concentration no longer exceeds the MCL or until a monitoring
schedule as a condition to a variance, adjusted standard or enforcement action
becomes effective.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.26(b) (1995) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg.
26022, May 4, 2000.
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
SUBPART R: ENHANCED FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION
Section 611.745
Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements
In addition to the reporting and recordkeeping requirements in Sections 611.261 and 611.262, a
public water system subject to the requirements of this Subpart that provides conventional
filtration treatment or direct filtration shall must report monthly to the Agency the information
specified in subsections (a) and (b) of this Section beginning January 1, 2002. In addition to the
reporting and recordkeeping requirements in Sections 611.261 and 611.262, a public water system
subject to the requirements of this Subpart that provides filtration approved under Section
611.743(b) shall must report monthly to the Agency the information specified in subsection (a) of
this Section beginning January 1, 2002. The reporting in subsection (a) of this Section is in lieu of
the reporting specified in Section 611.262(a).
a)
Turbidity measurements, as required by Section 611.743, must be reported within
ten days after the end of each month the system serves water to the public.
Information that must be reported is the following:
1)
The total number of filtered water turbidity measurements taken during the
month.
2)
The number and percentage of filtered water turbidity measurements taken
during the month which are less than or equal to the turbidity limits
specified in Section 611.743 (a) or (b).
3)
The date and value of any turbidity measurements taken during the month
that exceed 1 NTU for systems using conventional filtration treatment or
direct filtration, or that exceed the maximum level under Section
611.743(b).
111
b)
Systems shall must maintain the results of individual filter monitoring taken under
Section 611.744 for at least three years. Systems shall must report that they have
conducted individual filter turbidity monitoring under Section 611.744 within ten
days after the end of each month the system serves water to the public. Systems
shall must report individual filter turbidity measurement results taken under Section
611.744 within ten days after the end of each month the system serves water to the
public only if measurements demonstrate one or more of the conditions in
subsections (b)(1) through (4) of this Section. Systems that use lime softening may
apply to the Agency for alternative exceedence levels for the levels specified in
subsections (b)(1) through (4) of this Section if they can demonstrate that higher
turbidity levels in individual filters are due to lime carryover only and not due to
degraded filter performance.
1)
For any individual filter that has a measured turbidity level of greater than
1.0 NTU in two consecutive measurements taken 15 minutes apart, the
system shall must report the filter number, the turbidity measurement, and
the date(s) dates on which the exceedence occurred. In addition, the system
shall must either produce a filter profile for the filter within seven days of
after the exceedence (if the system is not able to identify an obvious reason
for the abnormal filter performance) and report that the profile has been
produced or report the obvious reason for the exceedence.
2)
For any individual filter that has a measured turbidity level of greater than
0.5 NTU in two consecutive measurements taken 15 minutes apart at the end
of the first four hours of continuous filter operation after the filter has been
backwashed or otherwise taken offline, the system shall must report the
filter number, the turbidity, and the date(s) dates on which the exceedence
occurred. In addition, the system shall must either produce a filter profile
for the filter within seven days after the exceedence (if the system is not
able to identify an obvious reason for the abnormal filter performance) and
report that the profile has been produced or report the obvious reason for
the exceedence.
3)
For any individual filter that has a measured turbidity level of greater than
1.0 NTU in two consecutive measurements taken 15 minutes apart at any
time in each of three consecutive months, the system shall must report the
filter number, the turbidity measurement, and the date(s) dates on which the
exceedence occurred. In addition, the system shall must conduct a self-
assessment of the filter within 14 days of after the exceedence and report
that the self-assessment was conducted. The self assessment self-
assessment must consist of at least the following components: assessment
of filter performance; development of a filter profile; identification and
prioritization of factors limiting filter performance; assessment of the
applicability of corrections; and preparation of a filter self-assessment
report.
112
4)
For any individual filter that has a measured turbidity level of greater than
2.0 NTU in two consecutive measurements taken 15 minutes apart at any
time in each of two consecutive months, the system shall must report the
filter number, the turbidity measurement, and the date(s) dates on which the
exceedence occurred. In addition, the system shall must arrange for the
conduct of a comprehensive performance evaluation by the Agency or a
third party approved by the Agency no later than 30 days following the
exceedence and have the evaluation completed and submitted to the Agency
no later than 90 days following the exceedence.
c) Additional reporting requirements.
1) If at any time the turbidity exceeds 1 NTU in representative samples of
filtered water in a system using conventional filtration treatment or direct
filtration, the supplier must consult with the Agency as soon as practical,
but no later than 24 hours after the exceedance is known, in accordance with
the public notification requirements under Section 611.903(b)(3).
2) If at any time the turbidity in representative samples of filtered water
exceeds the maximum level set by the Agency under Section 611.743(b) for
filtration technologies other than conventional filtration treatment, direct
filtration, slow sand filtration, or diatomaceous earth filtration, the supplier
must consult with the Agency as soon as practical, but no later than 24 hours
after the exceedance is known, in accordance with the public notification
requirements under Section 611.903(b)(3).
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.175 (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 26035 (May
4, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
SUBPART T: REPORTING, PUBLIC NOTIFICATION AND
RECORDKEEPING
Section 611.832
Notice by Agency (Repealed)
The Agency may give the public notices required in this Part on behalf of the CWS supplier.
However, the supplier remains responsible for ensuring that the requirements of this Part are met.
BOARD NOTE: Drawn from 40 CFR 141.32(g) (1989).
(Source: Repealed at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
113
Section 611.840
Reporting
a)
Except where a shorter period is specified in this Part, a supplier shall must report
to the Agency the results of any test measurement or analysis required by this Part
within the following times, whichever is shortest:
1)
The first ten days following the month in which the result is received; or
2)
The first ten days following the end of the required monitoring period, as
specified by special exception permit.
b)
Except where a different reporting period is specified in this Part, the supplier
shall must report to the Agency within 48 hours any failure to comply with any
provision (including failure to comply with monitoring requirements) of this Part.
c)
The supplier is not required to report analytical results to the Agency in cases
where an Agency laboratory performs the analysis.
d)
The supplier, within ten days of completion of each after completing the public
notification required pursuant to Section 611.851 et seq., shall requirements under
Subpart V of this Part for the initial public notice and any repeat notices, must
submit to the Agency a certification that it has fully complied with the public
notification regulations. The PWS must include with this certification a
representative copy of each type of notice distributed, published, posted or made
available to the persons served by the supplier or to the media.
e)
The supplier shall must submit to the Agency within the time stated in the request
copies of any records required to be maintained under Section 611.860 or copies of
any documents then in existence which the Agency is entitled to inspect pursuant to
the authority of Section 4 of the Act.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.31 (1989) (1999), as amended at 54 65 Fed. Reg.
27562, June 29, 1989 26022 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.851
Reporting MCL, MRDL, and other Violations (Repealed)
A PWS that fails to comply with an applicable MCL or treatment technique established by this Part
or which fails to comply with the requirements of any schedule prescribed pursuant to a variance
or adjusted standard shall notify persons served by the PWS as follows:
a) Except as provided in subsection (c), the supplier shall give notice:
1) By publication in a daily newspaper of general circulation in the area
served by the PWS as soon as possible, but in no case later than 14 days
114
after the violation or failure. If the area served by a PWS is not served by a
daily newspaper of general circulation, notice must instead be given by
publication in a weekly newspaper of general circulation serving the area;
and
2) By mail delivery (by direct mail or with the water bill), or by hand
delivery, not later than 45 days after the violation or failure. This is not
required if the Agency determines by SEP that the supplier in violation has
corrected the violation or failure within the 45-day period; and
3) For violations of the MCLs of contaminants or MRDLs of disinfectants that
pose an acute risk to human health, by furnishing a copy of the notice to the
radio and television stations serving the area served by the PWS as soon as
possible but in no case later than 72 hours after the violation. The
following violations are acute violations:
A) Any violations posing an acute risk to human health, as specified in
this Part or as determined by the Agency on a case-by-case basis.
B) Violation of the MCL for nitrate or nitrite in Section 611.301.
C) Violation of the MCL for total coliforms, when fecal coliforms or E.
coli are present in the water distribution system, as specified in
Section 611.325(b).
D) Occurrence of a waterborne disease outbreak.
E) Violation of the MRDL for chlorine dioxide as defined in Section
611.313 and determined according to Section 611.383(c)(2).
b) Except as provided in subsection (c), following the initial notice given under
subsection (a), the supplier shall give notice at least once every three months by
mail delivery (by direct mail or with the water bill) or by hand delivery, for as
long as the violation or failure exists.
c) Alternative methods of notice.
1) In lieu of the requirements of subsections (a) and (b), a CWS supplier in an
area that is not served by a daily or weekly newspaper of general
circulation shall give notice by hand delivery or by continuous posting in
conspicuous places within the area served by the CWS. Notice by hand
delivery or posting must begin as soon as possible, but no later than 72
hours after the violation or failure for acute violations (as defined in
subsection (a)(3)) or 14 days after the violation or failure (for any other
violation). Posting must continue for as long as the violation or failure
exists. Notice by hand delivery must be repeated at least every three
115
months for as long as the violation or failure exists.
2) In lieu of the requirements of subsections (a) and (b), a non-CWS supplier
may give notice by hand delivery or by continuous posting in conspicuous
places within the area served by the non-CWS. Notice by hand delivery or
posting must begin as soon as possible, but no later than 72 hours after the
violation or failure for acute violations (as defined in subsection (a)(3)), or
14 days after the violation or failure (for any other violation). Posting must
continue for as long as the violation or failure exists. Notice by hand
delivery must be repeated at least every three months for as long as the
violation or failure exists.
3) Where allowed, pursuant to Section 611.609(d), 611.646(o)(3), or
611.648(k)(3) because it has a separable system, a supplier may issue
public notice only to persons on that portion of its system that is out of
compliance.
BOARD NOTE: Generally derived from 40 CFR 141.32(a) (1998). Subsection (c)(3) derived
from 40 CFR 141.23(i)(4) & 141.24(f)(15)(iii), (g)(9) & (h)(11)(iii) (1993).
(Source: Repealed at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.852
Reporting other Violations (Repealed)
A supplier that fails to perform monitoring required by this Part, which fails to comply with a
testing procedure established by this Part, or which is subject to a variance or adjusted standard
under Section 611.111, 611.112 or 611.113 shall notify persons served by the PWS as follows:
a) Except as provided in subsection (c) or (d), the supplier shall give notice, within
three months of the violation or granting of a variance or adjusted standard, by
publication in a daily newspaper of general circulation in the area served by the
PWS. If the area served by a PWS is not served by a daily newspaper of general
circulation, notice must instead be given by publication in a weekly newspaper of
general circulation serving the area.
b) Except as provided in subsection (c) or (d), following the initial notice given under
subsection (a), the supplier shall give notice at least once every three months by
mail delivery (by direct mail or with the water bill) or by hand delivery, for as
long as the violation exists. Repeat notice of the existence of a variance or
adjusted standard (Section 611.111 through 611.113) must be given every three
months for as long as the variance or adjusted standard remains in effect.
c) Alternative methods of notice.
1) In lieu of the requirements of subsections (a) and (b), a CWS supplier in an
area that is not served by a daily or weekly newspaper of general
116
circulation shall give notice, within three months of the violation or granting
of the variance or adjusted standard, by hand delivery or by continuous
posting in conspicuous places within the area served by the CWS. Posting
must continue for as long as the violation exists or a variance or adjusted
standard remains in effect. The CWS supplier shall repeat the notice by
hand delivery every three months for as long as the variance or adjusted
standard remains in effect.
2) In lieu of the requirements of subsections (a) and (b), a non-CWS supplier
may give notice, within three months of the violation or the granting of the
variance or adjusted standard, by hand delivery or by continuous posting in
conspicuous places within the area served by the non-CWS. Posting must
continue for as long as the violation exists, or a variance or adjusted
standard remains in effect. Notice by hand delivery must be repeated at
least every three months for as long as the violation exists or a variance or
adjusted standard remains in effect.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(b) (1995).
(Source: Repealed at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.853
Notice to New Billing Units (Repealed)
A CWS supplier shall give a copy of the most recent public notice for any outstanding violation of
any MCL, treatment technique requirement or variance or adjusted standard schedule to all new
billing units or new hookups prior to or at the time service begins.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(c) (1989).
(Source: Repealed at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.854
General Content of Public Notice (Repealed)
Each notice required by this Section must provide a clear and readily understandable explanation
of the violation, any potential adverse health effects, the population at risk, the steps that the
supplier is taking to correct such violation, the necessity for seeking alternative water supplies, if
any, and any preventive measures the consumer should take until the violation is corrected. Each
notice must be conspicuous and must not contain unduly technical language, unduly small print or
similar problems that frustrate the purpose of the notice. Each notice must include the telephone
number of the supplier or a designee as a source of additional information concerning the notice.
Where appropriate, the notice must be multi-lingual.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(d) (1989).
(Source: Repealed at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
117
Section 611.855
Mandatory Health Effects Language (Repealed)
When providing the information on potential adverse health effects required by Section 611.854 in
notices of violations of MCLs or treatment technique requirements, or notices of the granting or the
continued existence of adjusted standards or variances, or notices of failure to comply with a
variance or adjusted standard schedule, the supplier shall include the language specified in Section
611.Appendix A for each contaminant. (If language for a particular contaminant is not specified at
the time notice is required, this Section does not apply).
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(e) (1991).
(Source: Repealed at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.856
Fluoride Notice (Repealed)
Notice of violations of the MCL for fluoride, notices of variances and adjusted standards from the
MCL for fluoride and notices of failure to comply with variance and adjusted standard schedules
for the MCL for fluoride must consist of the public notice prescribed in Appendix A plus a
description of any steps which the supplier is taking to come into compliance.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(f) and (g) (1993).
(Source: Repealed at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.858
Fluoride Secondary Standard (Repealed)
If a CWS exceeds the secondary standard for fluoride of 2.0 mg/L, as determined by the last single
sample taken in accordance with Section 611.603, but does not exceed the MCL in Section
611.301(b), the supplier shall provide the fluoride notice in Section 611.Appendix A (9) to:
a) All billing units annually;
b) All billing units at the time service begins; and
c) The local public health department.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 143.3 and 143.5 (1994).
(Source: Repealed at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.860
Record Maintenance
A supplier shall must retain on its premises or at a convenient location near its premises the
following records:
118
a)
Records of bacteriological analyses made pursuant to this Part must be kept for not
less than 5 five years. Records of chemical analyses made pursuant to this Part
must be kept for not less than 10 ten years. Actual laboratory reports may be kept,
or data may be transferred to tabular summaries, provided that the following
information is included:
1)
The date, place and time of sampling, and the name of the person who
collected the sample;
2)
Identification of the sample as to whether it was a routine distribution
system sample, check sample, raw or process water sample or other special
purpose sample;
3)
Date of analysis;
4)
Laboratory and person responsible for performing analysis;
5)
The analytical technique or method used; and
6)
The results of the analysis.
b)
Records of action taken by the supplier to correct violations of this Part must be
kept for a period not less than 3 three years after the last action taken with respect
to the particular violation involved.
c)
Copies of any written reports, summaries or communications relating to sanitary
surveys of the system conducted by the supplier itself, by a private consultant, by
U.S. EPA USEPA, the Agency or a unit of local government delegated pursuant to
Section 611.108, must be kept for a period not less than 10 ten years after
completion of the sanitary survey involved.
d)
Records concerning a variance or adjusted standard granted to the supplier must be
kept for a period ending not less than 5 five years following the expiration of such
variance or adjusted standard.
e) Copies of public notices issued pursuant to Subpart V of this Part and certifications
made to the Agency pursuant to Section 611.840 must be kept for three years after
issuance.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.33 (1994) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 26022
(May 4, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
119
SUBPART U: CONSUMER CONFIDENCE REPORTS
Section 611.881
Purpose and Applicability of this Subpart
a)
This Subpart establishes the minimum requirements for the content of annual reports
that community water systems (CWSs) must deliver to their customers. These
reports must contain information on the quality of the water delivered by the
systems and characterize the risks (if any) from exposure to contaminants detected
in the drinking water in an accurate and understandable manner.
b)
Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 611.100(d), this Subpart only applies to
CWSs.
c)
For the purpose of this Subpart, “customers” are defined as billing units or service
connections to which water is delivered by a CWS.
d)
For the purpose of this Subpart, “detected” means the following: at or above the
detection limit levels prescribed by Section 611.600(d) for inorganic
contaminants,; at or above the levels prescribed by Section 611.646 for Phase I, II,
and V VOCs,; at or above the levels prescribed by Section 611.648(r) for Phase II,
IIB, and V SOCs,; and at or above the levels prescribed by Section 611.720(c)(3)
for radioactive contaminants.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.151 (1999).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.883
Content of the Reports
a)
Each CWS shall must provide to its customers an annual report that contains the
information specified in this Section and Section 611.884.
b)
Information on the source of the water delivered:.
1)
Each report must identify the source(s) sources of the water delivered by
the CWS by providing information on the following:
A)
The type of the water: (e.g., surface water, groundwater); and
B)
The commonly used name (if any) and location of the body (or
bodies) of water.
2)
If a source water assessment has been completed, the report must notify
consumers of the availability of this information and the means to obtain it.
In addition, systems are encouraged to highlight in the report significant
sources of contamination in the source water area if they have readily
120
available information. Where a system has received a source water
assessment from the Agency, the report must include a brief summary of the
system’s susceptibility to potential sources of contamination, using language
provided by the Agency or written by the PWS.
c)
Definitions.
1)
Each report must include the following definitions:
A)
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal or MCLG: The level of a
contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or
expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of safety.
BOARD NOTE: Although an MCLG is not an NPDWR that the
Board must include in the Illinois SDWA regulations, the use of this
definition is mandatory where the term “MCLG” is defined.
B)
Maximum Contaminant Level or MCL: The highest level of a
contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as
close to the MCLGs as feasible using the best available treatment
technology.
2)
A report for a CWS operating under relief from an NPDWR issued under
Sections 611.111, 611.112, 611.130, or 611.131 must include the following
definition: “Variances, Adjusted Standards, and Site-specific Rules: State
permission not to meet an MCL or a treatment technique under certain
conditions.”
3)
A report that contains data on a contaminant for which contaminants that
USEPA has set a treatment technique or an action level must include one or
both of the following definitions as applicable regulates using any of the
following terms must include the applicable definitions:
A)
Treatment Technique technique: A required process intended to
reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water.
B)
Action Level level: The concentration of a contaminant that, if
exceeded, triggers treatment or other requirements which a water
system must follow.
C) Maximum residual disinfectant level goal or MRDLG: The level of
a drinking water disinfectant below which there is no known or
expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the
use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants.
BOARD NOTE: Although an MRDLG is not an NPDWR that the
121
Board must include in the Illinois SDWA regulations, the use of this
definition is mandatory where the term “MRDLG” is defined.
D) Maximum residual disinfectant level or MRDL: The highest level
of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is convincing
evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of
microbial contaminants.
d)
Information on detected contaminants.
1)
This subsection (d) specifies the requirements for information to be
included in each report for contaminants subject to mandatory monitoring
(except Cryptosporidium). It applies to the following:
A)
Contaminants subject to an MCL, action level, MRDL, or treatment
technique (regulated contaminants);
B)
Contaminants for which monitoring is required by Section 611.510
(unregulated contaminants); and
C)
Disinfection byproducts or microbial contaminants for which
monitoring is required by Section 611.382 and Subpart L, except as
provided under subsection (e)(1) of this Section, and which are
detected in the finished water.
2)
The data relating to these contaminants must be displayed in one table or in
several adjacent tables. Any additional monitoring results that a CWS
chooses to include in its report must be displayed separately.
3)
The data must be derived from data collected to comply with monitoring
and analytical requirements during calendar year 1998 for the first report
and subsequent calendar years thereafter, except that the following
requirements also apply:
A)
Where a system is allowed to monitor for regulated contaminants
less often than once a year, the table(s) tables must include the date
and results of the most recent sampling, and the report must include
a brief statement indicating that the data presented in the report is
from the most recent testing done in accordance with the regulations.
No data older than five years need be included.
B)
Results of monitoring in compliance with Section 611.382 and
Subpart L need only be included for five years from the date of last
sample or until any of the detected contaminants becomes regulated
and subject to routine monitoring requirements, whichever comes
first.
122
4)
For detected regulated contaminants (listed in Appendix FA of this Part),
the table(s) tables must contain the following:
A)
The MCL for that contaminant expressed as a number equal to or
greater than 1.0 (as provided in Appendix FA of this Part);
B)
The Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) for that
contaminant expressed in the same units as the MCL
C)
If there is no MCL for a detected contaminant, the table must
indicate that there is a treatment technique, or specify the action
level, applicable to that contaminant, and the report must include the
definitions for treatment technique or action level, as appropriate,
specified in subsection (c)(3) of this Section;
D)
For contaminants subject to an MCL, except turbidity and total
coliforms, the highest contaminant level used to determine
compliance with an NPDWR, and the range of detected levels, as
follows:
i)
When compliance with the MCL is determined annually or
less frequently: The the highest detected level at any
sampling point and the range of detected levels expressed in
the same units as the MCL.
ii)
When compliance with the MCL is determined by
calculating a running annual average of all samples taken at
a sampling point: the highest average of any of the sampling
points and the range of all sampling points expressed in the
same units as the MCL.
iii)
When compliance with the MCL is determined on a system-
wide basis by calculating a running annual average of all
samples at all sampling points: the average and range of
detection expressed in the same units as the MCL;
BOARD NOTE to subsection (d)(4)(D): When rounding of results
to determine compliance with the MCL is allowed by the
regulations, rounding should be done prior to multiplying the results
by the factor listed in Appendix FA; derived from 40 CFR 153
(1998) (1999).
E)
For turbidity the following:
123
i)
When it is reported pursuant to Section 611.560: The the
highest average monthly value.
ii)
When it is reported pursuant to the requirements of Section
611.211(b): The the highest monthly value. The report must
include an explanation of the reasons for measuring
turbidity.
iii)
When it is reported pursuant to Section 611.250 or 611.743:
The the highest single measurement and the lowest monthly
percentage of samples meeting the turbidity limits specified
in Section 611.250 or 611.743 for the filtration technology
being used. The report must include an explanation of the
reasons for measuring turbidity;
F)
For lead and copper the following: the 90th percentile value of the
most recent round of sampling and the number of sampling sites
exceeding the action level;
G)
For total coliform the following:
i)
The highest monthly number of positive samples for systems
collecting fewer than 40 samples per month; or
ii)
The highest monthly percentage of positive samples for
systems collecting at least 40 samples per month;
H)
For fecal coliform the following: the total number of positive
samples; and
I)
The likely source(s) sources of detected contaminants to the best of
the supplier’s knowledge. Specific information regarding
contaminants may be available in sanitary surveys and source water
assessments, and must be used when available to the supplier. If the
supplier lacks specific information on the likely source, the report
must include one or more of the typical sources for that contaminant
listed in Appendix G of this Part which are most applicable to the
CWS.
5)
If a CWS distributes water to its customers from multiple hydraulically
independent distribution systems that are fed by different raw water
sources, the table must contain a separate column for each service area and
the report must identify each separate distribution system. Alternatively, a
CWS may produce separate reports tailored to include data for each service
area.
124
6)
The table(s) tables must clearly identify any data indicating violations of
MCLs, MRDLs, or treatment techniques, and the report must contain a clear
and readily understandable explanation of the violation including the
following: the length of the violation, the potential adverse health effects,
and actions taken by the CWS to address the violation. To describe the
potential health effects, the CWS shall must use the relevant language of
Appendix HA of this Part.
7)
For detected unregulated contaminants for which monitoring is required
(except Cryptosporidium), the table(s) tables must contain the average and
range at which the contaminant was detected. The report may include a
brief explanation of the reasons for monitoring for unregulated
contaminants.
e)
Information on Cryptosporidium, radon, and other contaminants:
1)
If the CWS has performed any monitoring for Cryptosporidium, including
monitoring performed to satisfy the requirements of Subpart L of this Part,
that indicates that Cryptosporidium may be present in the source water or
the finished water, the report must include the following:
A)
A summary of the results of the monitoring; and
B)
An explanation of the significance of the results.
2)
If the CWS has performed any monitoring for radon which indicates that
radon may be present in the finished water, the report must include the
following:
A)
The results of the monitoring; and
B)
An explanation of the significance of the results.
3)
If the CWS has performed additional monitoring that indicates the presence
of other contaminants in the finished water, the report must include the
following:
A)
The results of the monitoring; and
B)
An explanation of the significance of the results noting the existence
of any health advisory or proposed regulation.
f)
Compliance with an NPDWR. In addition to the requirements of subsection (d)(6)
of this Section, the report must note any violation that occurred during the year
covered by the report of a requirement listed below, and include a clear and
125
readily understandable explanation of the violation, any potential adverse health
effects, and the steps the CWS has taken to correct the violation.
1)
Monitoring and reporting of compliance data;
2)
Filtration and disinfection prescribed by Subpart B of this Part. For CWSs
that have failed to install adequate filtration or disinfection equipment or
processes, or have had a failure of such equipment or processes which
constitutes a violation, the report must include the following language as
part of the explanation of potential adverse health effects: Inadequately
treated water may contain disease-causing organisms. These organisms
include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms such as
nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches.
3)
Lead and copper control requirements prescribed by Subpart G of this Part.
For systems that fail to take one or more actions prescribed by Sections
611.350(d), 611.351, 611.352, 611.353, or 611.354, the report must
include the applicable language of Appendix HA of this Part for lead,
copper, or both.
4)
Treatment techniques for acrylamide and epichlorohydrin prescribed by
Section 611.296. For systems that violate the requirements of Section
611.296, the report must include the relevant language from 611.Appendix
HA of this Part.
5)
Recordkeeping of compliance data.
6)
Special monitoring requirements prescribed by Sections 611.510 and
611.630; and
7)
Violation of the terms of a variance, adjusted standard, site-specific rule, or
administrative or judicial order.
g)
Variances, adjusted standards, and site-specific rules. If a system is operating
under the terms of a variance, adjusted standard, or site-specific rule issued under
Sections 611.111, 611.112, or 611.131, the report must contain the following:
1)
An explanation of the reasons for the variance, adjusted standard, or site-
specific rule;
2)
The date on which the variance, adjusted standard, or site-specific rule was
issued;
3)
A brief status report on the steps the CWS is taking to install treatment, find
alternative sources of water, or otherwise comply with the terms and
schedules of the variance, adjusted standard, or site-specific rule; and
126
4)
A notice of any opportunity for public input in the review, or renewal, of
the variance, adjusted standard, or site-specific rule.
h)
Additional information:.
1)
The report must contain a brief explanation regarding contaminants that may
reasonably be expected to be found in drinking water, including bottled
water. This explanation may include the language of subsections (h)(1)(A)
through (h)(1)(C) of this Section or CWSs may use their own comparable
language. The report also must include the language of subsection (h)(1)(D)
of this Section.
A)
The sources of drinking water (both tap water and bottled water)
include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells.
As water travels over the surface of the land or through the ground,
it dissolves naturally-occurring minerals and, in some cases,
radioactive material, and can pick up substances resulting from the
presence of animals or from human activity.
B)
Contaminants that may be present in source water include the
following:
i)
Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, which
may come from sewage treatment plants, septic systems,
agricultural livestock operations, and wildlife;
ii)
Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals, which can
be naturally-occurring or result from urban stormwater
runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater discharges, oil and
gas production, mining, or farming;
iii)
Pesticides and herbicides, which may come from a variety
of sources such as agriculture, urban stormwater runoff, and
residential uses;
iv)
Organic chemical contaminants, including synthetic and
volatile organic chemicals, which are byproducts of
industrial processes and petroleum production, and can also
come from gas stations, urban stormwater runoff, and septic
systems; and
v)
Radioactive contaminants, which can be naturally-occurring
or be the result of oil and gas production and mining
activities.
127
C)
In order to ensure that tap water is safe to drink, USEPA prescribes
regulations which limit the amount of certain contaminants in water
provided by public water systems. United States Food and Drug
Administration (USFDA) regulations establish limits for
contaminants in bottled water that must provide the same protection
for public health.
D)
Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be
expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants.
The presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that
water poses a health risk. More information about contaminants and
potential health effects can be obtained by calling the USEPA Safe
Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791).
2)
The report must include the telephone number of the owner, operator, or
designee of the CWS as a source of additional information concerning the
report.
3)
In communities with a large proportion of non-English speaking residents,
as determined by the Agency, the report must contain information in the
appropriate language(s) languages regarding the importance of the report or
contain a telephone number or address where such residents may contact the
system to obtain a translated copy of the report or assistance in the
appropriate language.
4)
The report must include information about opportunities for public
participation in decisions that may affect the quality of the water.
5)
The CWS may include such additional information as it deems necessary
for public education consistent with, and not detracting from, the purpose of
the report.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.153 (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 26022 (May
4, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.884
Required Additional Health Information
a)
All reports must prominently display the following language: Some people may be
more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population.
Immuno-compromised persons such as persons with cancer undergoing
chemotherapy, persons who have undergone organ transplants, people with
HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some elderly, and infants can be
particularly at risk from infections. These people should seek advice about
drinking water from their health care providers. USEPA or Center Centers for
128
Disease Control and Prevention guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk
of infection by Cryptosporidium and other microbial contaminants are available
from the USEPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791).
b)
A CWS that detects arsenic at levels above 25
μ
g/L, but below the MCL must do
the following:
1)
Shall The CWS must include in its report a short informational statement
about arsenic, using the following language: USEPA is reviewing the
drinking water standard for arsenic because of special concerns that it may
not be stringent enough. Arsenic is a naturally-occurring mineral known to
cause cancer in humans at high concentrations; or
2)
May The CWS may write its own educational statement, but only in
consultation with the Agency.
c)
A CWS that detects nitrate at levels above 5 mg/L, but below the MCL must do the
following:
1)
Shall The CWS must include a short informational statement about the
impacts of nitrate on children, using the following language: Nitrate in
drinking water at levels above 10 ppm is a health risk for infants of less
than six months of age. High nitrate levels in drinking water can cause blue
baby syndrome. Nitrate levels may rise quickly for short periods of time
because of rainfall or agricultural activity. If you are caring for an infant
you should ask advice from your health care provider; or
2)
May The CWS may write its own educational statement, but only in
consultation with the Agency.
d)
A CWS that detects lead above the action level in more than 5% five percent, and
up to and including 10% ten percent, of homes sampled must do the following:
1)
Shall The CWS must include a short informational statement about the
special impact of lead on children, using the following language: Infants
and young children are typically more vulnerable to lead in drinking water
than the general population. It is possible that lead levels at your home may
be higher than at other homes in the community as a result of materials used
in your home’s plumbing. If you are concerned about elevated lead levels
in your home’s water, you may wish to have your water tested and flush
your tap for 30 seconds to 2 two minutes before using tap water.
Additional information is available from the USEPA Safe Drinking Water
Hotline (800-426-4791); or
2)
May The CWS may write its own educational statement, but only in
consultation with the Agency.
129
e)
A CWS that detects TTHM above 0.080 mg/L, but below the MCL in Section
611.312, as an annual average, monitored and calculated under the provisions of
Section 611.680, shall must include the health effects language prescribed by
Appendix H(73)A of this Part.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.154 (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 26022 (May
4, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.885
Report Delivery and Recordkeeping
a)
Except as provided in subsection (g) of this Section, each CWS shall must mail or
otherwise directly deliver one copy of the report to each customer.
b)
The CWS shall must make a good faith effort to reach consumers who do not get
water bills, using a means recommended approved by the Agency by a SEP granted
pursuant to Section 611.110. A good faith effort to reach consumers includes, but
is not limited to, methods such as the following: posting the reports on the Internet,
advertising the availability of the report in the news media, publication in a local
newspaper, or delivery to community organizations.
c)
No later than the date the CWS is required to distribute the report to its customers,
each CWS shall must mail a copy of the report to the Agency, followed within three
months by a certification that the report has been distributed to customers, and that
the information is correct and consistent with the compliance monitoring data
previously submitted to the Agency.
d)
No later than the date the CWS is required to distribute the report to its customers,
each CWS shall must deliver the report to any other agency or clearinghouse
identified by the Agency.
e)
Each CWS shall must make its reports available to the public upon request.
f)
Each CWS serving 100,000 or more persons shall must post its current year’s
report to a publicly-accessible site on the Internet.
g)
The Governor or his designee may waive the requirement of subsection (a) of this
Section for a CWS serving fewer than 10,000 persons.
1)
Such a CWS shall must do the following:
A)
Publish The CWS must publish the report in one or more local
newspapers serving the county in which the CWS is located;
130
B)
Inform The CWS must inform the customers that the report will not
be mailed, either in the newspapers in which the report is published
or by other means approved by the Agency; and
C)
Make The CWS must make the report available to the public upon
request.
2)
Systems serving fewer than 500 persons may forgo the requirements of
subsections (g)(1)(A) and (B) of this Section if they provide notice at least
once per year to their customers by mail, by door-to-door delivery, or by
posting in a location approved by the Agency that the report is available
upon request.
h)
Any system subject to this Subpart shall must retain copies of its consumer
confidence report for no less than five three years.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.155 (1999).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
SUBPART V: PUBLIC NOTIFICATION OF DRINKING WATER VIOLATIONS
Section 611.901 General Public Notification Requirements
The requirements of this Subpart V replace former notice requirements.
a) Who must give public notice. Each owner or operator of a public water system (a
CWS, an NTNCWSs, or a transient non-CWS) must give notice for all violations of
an NPDWR and for other situations, as listed in this subsection (a). The term
“NPDWR violation” is used in this Subpart V to include violations of an MCL, an
MRDL, a treatment technique, monitoring requirements, or a testing procedure set
forth in this Part. Appendix G to this Part identifies the tier assignment for each
specific violation or situation requiring a public notice.
1) NPDWR violations:
A) A failure to comply with an applicable MCL or MRDL.
B) A failure to comply with a prescribed treatment technique.
C) A failure to perform water quality monitoring, as required by this
Part.
D) A failure to comply with testing procedures as prescribed by this
Part.
131
2) Relief equivalent to a variance and exemptions under sections 1415 and
1416 of SDWA:
A) Operation under relief equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415
variance, under Section 611.111, or a SDWA Section 1416
exemption, under Section 611.112.
B) A failure to comply with the requirements of any schedule that has
been set under relief equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415 variance,
under Section 611.111, or a SDWA Section 1415 exemption, under
Section 611.112.
3) Special public notices:
A) The occurrence of a waterborne disease outbreak or other
waterborne emergency.
B) An exceedance of the nitrate MCL by a non-CWS, where granted
permission by the Agency under Section 611.300(d).
C) An exceedance of the secondary fluoride standard of Section
611.858.
D) The availability of unregulated contaminant monitoring data.
E) Other violations and situations determined by the Agency by a SEP
issued pursuant to Section 611.110 to require a public notice under
this Subpart, not already listed in Appendix G.
b) The type of public notice required for each violation or situation. The public
notice requirements of this Subpart V are divided into three tiers, to take into
account the seriousness of the violation or situation and of any potential adverse
health effects that may be involved. The public notice requirements for each
violation or situation listed in subsection (a) of this Section are determined by the
tier to which it is assigned. This subsection (b) provides the definition of each tier.
Appendix G of this Part identifies the tier assignment for each specific violation or
situation.
1) Tier 1 public notice: required for NPDWR violations and situations with
significant potential to have serious adverse effects on human health as a
result of short-term exposure.
2) Tier 2 public notice: required for all other NPDWR violations and
situations with potential to have serious adverse effects on human health.
132
3) Tier 3 public notice: required for all other NPDWR violations and
situations not included in Tier 1 and Tier 2.
c) Who must receive notice.
1) Each PWS supplier must provide public notice to persons served by the
water supplier, in accordance with this Subpart V. A PWS supplier that
sells or otherwise provides drinking water to another PWS supplier (i.e., to
a consecutive system) is required to give public notice to the owner or
operator of the consecutive system; the consecutive system supplier is
responsible for providing public notice to the persons it serves.
2) If a PWS supplier has a violation in a portion of the distribution system that
is physically or hydraulically isolated from other parts of the distribution
system, the Agency may allow the system to limit distribution of the public
notice to only persons served by that portion of the system which is out of
compliance. Permission by the Agency for limiting distribution of the
notice must be granted in writing, by a SEP granted pursuant to Section
611.110.
3) A copy of the notice must also be sent to the Agency, in accordance with the
requirements under Section 611.840(d).
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.201, as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 26035 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Added at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.902 Tier 1 Public Notice--Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice
a) Violations or situations that require a Tier 1 public notice. This subsection (a) lists
the violation categories and other situations requiring a Tier 1 public notice.
Appendix G of this Part identifies the tier assignment for each specific violation or
situation.
1) Violation of the MCL for total coliforms when fecal coliform or E. coli are
present in the water distribution system (as specified in Section
611.325(b)), or when the water supplier fails to test for fecal coliforms or
E. coli when any repeat sample tests positive for coliform (as specified in
Section 611.525);
2) Violation of the MCL for nitrate, nitrite, or total nitrate and nitrite, as
defined in Section 611.301, or when the water supplier fails to take a
confirmation sample within 24 hours after the supplier’s receipt of the
results from the first sample showing an exceedance of the nitrate or nitrite
MCL, as specified in Section 611.606(b);
133
3) Exceedance of the nitrate MCL by a non-CWS supplier, where permitted to
exceed the MCL by the Agency under Section 611.300(d), as required under
Section 611.909;
4) Violation of the MRDL for chlorine dioxide, as defined in Section
611.313(a), when one or more samples taken in the distribution system the
day following an exceedance of the MRDL at the entrance of the
distribution system exceed the MRDL, or when the water supplier does not
take the required samples in the distribution system, as specified in Section
611.383(c)(2)(A);
5) Violation of the turbidity MCL under Section 141.13(b), where the Agency
determines after consultation that a Tier 1 notice is required or where
consultation does not take place within 24 hours after the supplier learns of
the violation;
6) Violation of the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) or Interim
Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR) treatment technique
requirement resulting from a single exceedance of the maximum allowable
turbidity limit (as identified in Appendix G), where the primacy agency
determines after consultation that a Tier 1 notice is required or where
consultation does not take place within 24 hours after the supplier learns of
the violation;
7) Occurrence of a waterborne disease outbreak, as defined in Section
611.101, or other waterborne emergency (such as a failure or significant
interruption in key water treatment processes, a natural disaster that disrupts
the water supply or distribution system, or a chemical spill or unexpected
loading of possible pathogens into the source water that significantly
increases the potential for drinking water contamination);
8) Other violations or situations with significant potential to have serious
adverse effects on human health as a result of short-term exposure, as
determined by the Agency by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110.
b) When the Tier 1 public notice is to be provided. Additional steps required. A
PWS supplier must:
1) Provide a public notice as soon as practical but no later than 24 hours after
the supplier learns of the violation;
2) Initiate consultation with the Agency as soon as practical, but no later than
24 hours after the PWS supplier learns of the violation or situation, to
determine additional public notice requirements; and
3) Comply with any additional public notification requirements (including any
134
repeat notices or direction on the duration of the posted notices) that are
established as a result of the consultation with the Agency. Such
requirements may include the timing, form, manner, frequency, and content
of repeat notices (if any) and other actions designed to reach all persons
served.
c) The form and manner of the public notice. A PWS supllier must provide the notice
within 24 hours in a form and manner reasonably calculated to reach all persons
served. The form and manner used by the PWS supplier are to fit the specific
situation, but must be designed to reach residential, transient, and non-transient
users of the water system. In order to reach all persons served, a water supplier is
to use, at a minimum, one or more of the following forms of delivery:
1) Appropriate broadcast media (such as radio and television);
2) Posting of the notice in conspicuous locations throughout the area served by
the water supplier;
3) Hand delivery of the notice to persons served by the water supplier; or
4) Another delivery method approved in writing by the Agency by a SEP
issued pursuant to Section 611.110.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.202, as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 26036 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Added at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.903 Tier 2 Public Notice--Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice
a) Violations or situations that require a Tier 2 public notice. This subsection lists the
violation categories and other situations requiring a Tier 2 public notice. Appendix
G to this Part identifies the tier assignment for each specific violation or situation.
1) All violations of the MCL, MRDL, and treatment technique requirements,
except where a Tier 1 notice is required under Section 611.902(a) or
where the Agency determines by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110
that a Tier 1 notice is required;
2) Violations of the monitoring and testing procedure requirements, where the
Agency determines by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110 that a Tier
2 rather than a Tier 3 public notice is required, taking into account potential
health impacts and persistence of the violation; and
3) Failure to comply with the terms and conditions of any relief equivalent to a
SDWA Section 1415 variance or a SDWA Section 1416 exemption in
place.
135
b) When Tier 2 public notice is to be provided.
1) A PWS supplier must provide the public notice as soon as practical, but no
later than 30 days after the supplier learns of the violation. If the public
notice is posted, the notice must remain in place for as long as the violation
or situation persists, but in no case for less than seven days, even if the
violation or situation is resolved. The Agency may, in appropriate
circumstances, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, allow
additional time for the initial notice of up to three months from the date the
supplier learns of the violation. It is not appropriate for the Agency to grant
an extension to the 30-day deadline for any unresolved violation or to allow
across-the-board extensions by rule or policy for other violations or
situations requiring a Tier 2 public notice. Extensions granted by the
Agency must be in writing.
2) The PWS supplier must repeat the notice every three months as long as the
violation or situation persists, unless the Agency determines that
appropriate circumstances warrant a different repeat notice frequency. In
no circumstance may the repeat notice be given less frequently than once
per year. It is not appropriate for the Agency to allow less frequent repeat
notice for an MCL violation under the Total Coliform Rule or a treatment
technique violation under the Surface Water Treatment Rule or Interim
Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule. It is also not appropriate for the
Agency to allow across-the-board reductions in the repeat notice frequency
for other ongoing violations requiring a Tier 2 repeat notice. An Agency
determination allowing repeat notices to be given less frequently than once
every three months must be in writing.
3) For the turbidity violations specified in this subsection (b)(3), a PWS
supplier must consult with the Agency as soon as practical but no later than
24 hours after the supplier learns of the violation, to determine whether a
Tier 1 public notice under Section 611.902(a) is required to protect public
health. When consultation does not take place within the 24-hour period,
the water system must distribute a Tier 1 notice of the violation within the
next 24 hours (i.e., no later than 48 hours after the supplier learns of the
violation), following the requirements under Section 611.902(b) and (c).
Consultation with the Agency is required for the following:
A) Violation of the turbidity MCL under Section 141.320(b); or
B) Violation of the SWTR or IESWTR treatment technique requirement
resulting from a single exceedance of the maximum allowable
turbidity limit.
c) The form and manner of Tier 2 public notice. A PWS supplier must provide the
136
initial public notice and any repeat notices in a form and manner that is reasonably
calculated to reach persons served in the required time period. The form and
manner of the public notice may vary based on the specific situation and type of
water system, but it must at a minimum meet the following requirements:
1) Unless directed otherwise by the Agency in writing, by a SEP issued
pursuant to Section 611.110, a CWS supplier must provide notice by:
A) Mail or other direct delivery to each customer receiving a bill and
to other service connections to which water is delivered by the
PWS supplier; and
B) Any other method reasonably calculated to reach other persons
regularly served by the supplier, if they would not normally be
reached by the notice required in subsection (c)(1)(A) of this
Section. Such persons may include those who do not pay water
bills or do not have service connection addresses (e.g., house
renters, apartment dwellers, university students, nursing home
patients, prison inmates, etc.). Other methods may include:
Publication in a local newspaper; delivery of multiple copies for
distribution by customers that provide their drinking water to others
(e.g., apartment building owners or large private employers);
posting in public places served by the supplier or on the Internet; or
delivery to community organizations.
2) Unless directed otherwise by the Agency in writing, by a SEP issued
pursuant to Section 611.110, a non-CWS supplier must provide notice by
the following:
A) Posting the notice in conspicuous locations throughout the
distribution system frequented by persons served by the supplier, or
by mail or direct delivery to each customer and service connection
(where known); and
B) Any other method reasonably calculated to reach other persons
served by the system if they would not normally be reached by the
notice required in subsection (c)(2)(A) of this Section. Such
persons may include those served who may not see a posted notice
because the posted notice is not in a location they routinely pass by.
Other methods may include the following: Publication in a local
newspaper or newsletter distributed to customers; use of E-mail to
notify employees or students; or delivery of multiple copies in
central locations (e.g., community centers).
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.203, as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 26036 (May 4, 2000).
137
(Source: Added at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.904 Tier 3 Public Notice--Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice
a) Violations or situations that require a Tier 3 public notice. This subsection (a) lists
the violation categories and other situations requiring a Tier 3 public notice.
Appendix G of this Part identifies the tier assignment for each specific violation or
situation.
1) Monitoring violations under this Part, except where a Tier 1 notice is
required under Section 611.902(a) or where the Agency determines by a
SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110 that a Tier 2 notice is required;
2) Failure to comply with a testing procedure established in this Part, except
where a Tier 1 notice is required under Section 611.902(a) or where the
Agency determines by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110 that a Tier
2 notice is required;
3) Operation under relief equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415 variance
granted under Section 611.111 or relief equivalent to a SDWA Section
1416 exemption granted under Section 611.112;
4) Availability of unregulated contaminant monitoring results, as required
under Section 611.907; and
5) Exceedance of the secondary standard for fluoride under Section 611.858,
as required under Section 611.908.
b) When the Tier 3 public notice is to be provided.
1) A PWS supplier must provide the public notice not later than one year after
the supplier learns of the violation or situation or begins operating under
relief equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415 variance or Section 1416
exemption. Following the initial notice, the supplier must repeat the notice
annually for as long as the violation, relief equivalent to a SDWA Section
1415 variance or Section 1416 exemption, or other situation persists. If the
public notice is posted, the notice must remain in place for as long as the
violation, relief equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415 variance or Section
1416 exemption, or other situation persists, but in no case less than seven
days (even if the violation or situation is resolved).
2) Instead of individual Tier 3 public notices, a PWS supplier may use an
annual report detailing all violations and situations that occurred during the
previous twelve months, as long as the timing requirements of subsection
(b)(1) of this Section are met.
138
c) The form and manner of the Tier 3 public notice. A PWS supplier must provide the
initial notice and any repeat notices in a form and manner that is reasonably
calculated to reach persons served in the required time period. The form and
manner of the public notice may vary based on the specific situation and type of
water system, but it must at a minimum meet the following requirements:
1) Unless directed otherwise by the Agency by a SEP issued pursuant to
Section 611.110 in writing, a CWS supplier must provide notice by the
following:
A) Mail or other direct delivery to each customer receiving a bill and
to other service connections to which water is delivered by the
supplier; and
B) Any other method reasonably calculated to reach other persons
regularly served by the supplier, if they would not normally be
reached by the notice required in subsection (c)(1)(A) of this
Section. Such persons may include those who do not pay water
bills or do not have service connection addresses (e.g., house
renters, apartment dwellers, university students, nursing home
patients, prison inmates, etc.). Other methods may include the
following: publication in a local newspaper; delivery of multiple
copies for distribution by customers that provide their drinking
water to others (e.g., apartment building owners or large private
employers); posting in public places or on the Internet; or delivery
to community organizations.
2) Unless directed otherwise by the Agency by a SEP issued pursuant to
Section 611.110 in writing, a non-CWS supplier must provide notice by the
following:
A) Posting the notice in conspicuous locations throughout the
distribution system frequented by persons served by the supplier, or
by mail or direct delivery to each customer and service connection
(where known); and
B) Any other method reasonably calculated to reach other persons
served by the supplier, if they would not normally be reached by the
notice required in subsection (c)(2)(A) of this Section. Such
persons may include those who may not see a posted notice because
the notice is not in a location they routinely pass by. Other methods
may include the following: publication in a local newspaper or
newsletter distributed to customers; use of E-mail to notify
employees or students; or delivery of multiple copies in central
locations (e.g., community centers).
139
d) When the Consumer Confidence Report may be used to meet the Tier 3 public
notice requirements. For a CWS supplier, the Consumer Confidence Report (CCR)
required under Subpart U of this Part may be used as a vehicle for the initial Tier 3
public notice and all required repeat notices, as long as the following is true:
1) The CCR is provided to persons served no later than 12 months after the
supplier learns of the violation or situation as required under Section
611.904(b);
2) The Tier 3 notice contained in the CCR follows the content requirements
under Section 611.905; and
3) The CCR is distributed following the delivery requirements under Section
611.904(c).
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.204, as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 26037 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Added at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.905 Content of the Public Notice
a) Elements included in public notice for violation of an NPDWR or other situations.
When a PWS supplier violates an NPDWR or has a situation requiring public
notification, each public notice must include the following elements:
1) A description of the violation or situation, including the contaminants of
concern, and (as applicable) the contaminant levels;
2) When the violation or situation occurred;
3) Any potential adverse health effects from the violation or situation,
including the standard language under subsection (d)(1) or (d)(2) of this
Section, whichever is applicable;
4) The population at risk, including subpopulations particularly vulnerable if
exposed to the contaminant in their drinking water;
5) Whether alternative water supplies should be used;
6) What actions consumers should take, including when they should seek
medical help, if known;
7) What the supplier is doing to correct the violation or situation;
8) When the water supplier expects to return to compliance or resolve the
situation;
140
9) The name, business address, and phone number of the water system owner,
operator, or designee of the public water system as a source of additional
information concerning the notice; and
10) A statement to encourage the notice recipient to distribute the public notice
to other persons served, using the standard language under subsection (d)(3)
of this Section, where applicable.
b) The elements that must be included in the public notice for public water systems
operating under relief equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415 variance or a Section
1416 exemption.
1) If a PWS supplier has been granted a relief equivalent to a SDWA Section
1415 variance, under Section 611.111, or a Section 1416 exemption, under
Section 611.112, the public notice must contain the following:
A) An explanation of the reasons for the relief equivalent to a SDWA
Section 1415 variance or a Section 1416 exemption;
B) The date on which the relief equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415
variance or a Section 1416 exemption was issued;
C) A brief status report on the steps that the supplier is taking to install
treatment, find alternative sources of water, or otherwise comply
with the terms and schedules of the relief equivalent to a SDWA
Section 1415 variance or a Section 1416 exemption; and
D) A notice of any opportunity for public input in the review of the
relief equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415 variance or a Section
1416 exemption.
2) If a PWS supplier violates the conditions of relief equivalent to a SDWA
Section 1415 variance or a Section 1416 exemption, the public notice must
contain the ten elements listed in subsection (a) of this Section.
c) How the public notice is to be presented.
1) Each public notice required by this Section must comply with the following:
A) It must be displayed in a conspicuous way when printed or posted;
B) It must not contain overly technical language or very small print;
C) It must not be formatted in a way that defeats the purpose of the
notice;
141
D) It must not contain language which nullifies the purpose of the
notice.
2) Each public notice required by this Section must comply with multilingual
requirements, as follows:
A) For a PWS supplier serving a large proportion of non-English
speaking consumers, the public notice must contain information in
the appropriate languages regarding the importance of the notice or
contain a telephone number or address where persons served may
contact the water supplier to obtain a translated copy of the notice
or to request assistance in the appropriate language.
B) In cases where the Agency has not determined what constitutes a
large proportion of non-English speaking consumers, the PWS
supplier must include in the public notice the same information as in
subsection (c)(2)(A) of this Section, where appropriate to reach a
large proportion of non-English speaking persons served by the
water supplier.
d) Standard language that a PWS supplier must include in its public notice. A PWS
supplier is required to include the following standard language in its public notice:
1) Standard health effects language for MCL or MRDL violations, treatment
technique violations, and violations of the condition of relief equivalent to a
SDWA Section 1415 variance or a Section 1416 exemption. A PWS
supplier must include in each public notice the health effects language
specified in Appendix H to this Part corresponding to each MCL, MRDL,
and treatment technique violation listed in Appendix G to this Part, and for
each violation of a condition of relief equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415
variance or a Section 1416 exemption.
2) Standard language for monitoring and testing procedure violations. A PWS
supplier must include the following language in its notice, including the
language necessary to fill in the blanks, for all monitoring and testing
procedure violations listed in Appendix G of this Part:
We are required to monitor your drinking water for specific
contaminants on a regular basis. Results of regular monitoring are
an indicator of whether or not your drinking water meets health
standards. During [compliance period], we “did not monitor or
test” or “did not complete all monitoring or testing” for
[contaminants], and therefore cannot be sure of the quality of your
drinking water during that time.
142
3) Standard language to encourage the distribution of the public notice to all
persons served. A PWS supplier must include the following language in its
notice (where applicable):
Please share this information with all the other people who drink
this water, especially those who may not have received this notice
directly (for example, people in apartments, nursing homes, schools,
and businesses). You can do this by posting this notice in a public
place or distributing copies by hand or mail.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.205, as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 26038 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Added at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.906 Notice to New Billing Units or New Customers
a) The requirement for a CWS. A CWS supplier must give a copy of the most recent
public notice for any continuing violation, the existence of relief equivalent to a
SDWA Section 1415 variance or a Section 1416 exemption, or other ongoing
situations requiring a public notice to all new billing units or new customers prior
to or at the time service begins.
b) The requirement for non-CWS. A non-CWS supplier must continuously post the
public notice in conspicuous locations in order to inform new consumers of any
continuing violation, relief equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415 variance or a
Section 1416 exemption, or other situation requiring a public notice for as long as
the violation, the relief equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415 variance or a Section
1416 exemption, or other situation persists.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.206, as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 26039 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Added at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.907 Special Notice of the Availability of Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring
Results
a) When to give special notice. The owner or operator of a CWS supplier or an
NTNCWS supplier required to monitor for unregulated contaminants under Section
611.510 must notify persons served by the supplier of the availability of the results
of such sampling no later than 12 months after the monitoring results are known.
b) The form and manner of a special notice. The form and manner of the public notice
must follow the requirements for a Tier 3 public notice prescribed in Sections
611.904(c), (d)(1), and (d)(3). The notice must also identify a person and provide
the telephone number to contact for information on the monitoring results.
143
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.207, as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 26039 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Added at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.908 Special Notice for Exceedance of the Fluoride Secondary Standard
a) When to give special notice. A CWS supplier that exceeds the fluoride secondary
standard (SMCL) of 2 mg/L, as specified in Section 611.858 (determined by the
last single sample taken in accordance with Section 611.603), but does not exceed
the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 4 mg/L for fluoride (as specified in
Section 611.301), must provide the public notice in subsection (c) of this Section to
persons served. Public notice must be provided as soon as practical but no later
than 12 months from the day the supplier learns of the exceedance. A copy of the
notice must also be sent to all new billing units and new customers at the time
service begins and to the Department of Pubic Health. The PWS supplier must
repeat the notice at least annually for as long as the SMCL is exceeded. If the
public notice is posted, the notice must remain in place for as long as the fluoride
SMCL is exceeded, but in no case less than seven days (even if the exceedance is
eliminated). On a case-by-case basis, the Agency may require an initial notice
sooner than 12 months and repeat notices more frequently than annually.
b) The form and manner of a special notice. The form and manner of the public notice
(including repeat notices) must follow the requirements for a Tier 3 public notice in
Section 611.904(c), (d)(1), and (d)(3).
c) Mandatory language in a special notice. The notice must contain the following
language, including the language necessary to fill in the blanks:
This is an alert about your drinking water and a cosmetic dental problem
that might affect children under nine years of age. At low levels, fluoride
can help prevent cavities, but children drinking water containing more than
2 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of fluoride may develop cosmetic
discoloration of their permanent teeth (dental fluorosis). The drinking
water provided by your community water system [name] has a fluoride
concentration of [insert value] mg/L. Dental fluorosis, in its moderate or
severe forms, may result in a brown staining and/or pitting of the permanent
teeth. This problem occurs only in developing teeth, before they erupt from
the gums. Children under nine should be provided with alternative sources
of drinking water or water that has been treated to remove the fluoride to
avoid the possibility of staining and pitting of their permanent teeth. You
may also want to contact your dentist about proper use by young children of
fluoride-containing products. Older children and adults may safely drink
the water.
Drinking water containing more than 4 mg/L of fluoride (the USEPA’s
drinking water standard) can increase your risk of developing bone disease.
144
Your drinking water does not contain more than 4 mg/L of fluoride, but
we’re required to notify you when we discover that the fluoride levels in
your drinking water exceed 2 mg/L because of this cosmetic dental
problem.
For more information, please call [name of water system contact] of [name
of community water system] at [phone number]. Some home water treatment
units are also available to remove fluoride from drinking water. To learn
more about available home water treatment units, you may call NSF
International at 1-877-8-NSF-HELP.”
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.208, as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 26039 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Added at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.909 Special Notice for Nitrate Exceedances above the MCL by a Non-
Community Water System
a) When the special notice is to be given. The owner or operator of a non-CWS
supplier granted permission by the Agency under Section 611.300(d) to exceed the
nitrate MCL must provide notice to persons served according to the requirements
for a Tier 1 notice under Section 611.902(a) and (b).
b) The form and manner of the special notice. A non-CWS supplier granted
permission by the Agency to exceed the nitrate MCL under Section 611.300(d) must
provide continuous posting of the fact that nitrate levels exceed 10 mg/L and the
potential health effects of exposure, according to the requirements for Tier 1 notice
delivery under Section 611.902(c) and the content requirements under Section
611.905.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.209, as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 26039 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Added at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.910 Notice by the Agency on Behalf of a PWS
a) The Agency may issue the notice required by this Subpart on behalf of the owner
and operator of the PWS supplier if the Agency complies with the requirements of
this Subpart V.
b) The responsibility of the PWS supplier when notice is given by the Agency. The
owner or operator of the PWS supplier remains responsible for ensuring that the
requirements of this Subpart V are met.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.210, as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 26039 (May 4, 2000).
145
(Source: Added at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.Appendix A
Mandatory Health Effects InformationRegulated Contaminants
Microbiological contaminants:
Contaminant (units): Total Coliform Bacteria
Traditional MCL in mg/L: MCL: (systems that collect
≥
40 samples/month) fewer than 5%
of monthly samples are positive; (systems that collect < 40 samples/month) fewer
than 1 positive monthly sample.
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: MCL: (systems that collect
≥
40 samples/month) fewer than 5% of
monthly samples are positive; (systems that collect < 40 samples/month) fewer than
1 positive monthly sample.
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Naturally present in the environment.
Health effects language: Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the
environment and are used as an indicator that other, potentially-harmful, bacteria
may be present. Coliforms were found in more samples than allowed and this was
a warning of potential problems.
Contaminant (units): Fecal coliform and E. coli
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 0
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Human and animal fecal waste.
Health effects language: Fecal coliforms and E. coli are bacteria whose presence
indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes.
Microbes in these wastes can cause short-term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps,
nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a special health risk for
infants, young children, some of the elderly, and people with severely-
compromised immune systems.
Contaminant (units): Total organic carbon (ppm)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: TT
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: TT
MCLG: N/A
Major sources in drinking water: Naturally present in the environment.
Health effects language: Total organic carbon (TOC) has no health effects. However, total
organic carbon provides a medium for the formation of disinfection byproducts.
These byproducts include trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs).
Drinking water containing these byproducts in excess of the MCL may lead to
adverse health effects, liver or kidney problems, or nervous system effects, and
146
may lead to an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Turbidity (NTU)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: TT
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: TT
MCLG: N/A
Major sources in drinking water: Soil runoff.
Health effects language: Turbidity has no health effects. However, turbidity can interfere
with disinfection and provide a medium for microbial growth. Turbidity may
indicate the presence of disease-causing organisms. These organisms include
bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps,
diarrhea, and associated headaches.
Radioactive contaminants:
Contaminant (units): Beta/photon emitters (mrem/yr)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 4 mrem/yr
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 4
MCLG: N/A
Major sources in drinking water: Decay of natural and man-made deposits.
Health effects language: Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit forms of radiation
known as photons and beta radiation. Some people who drink water containing
beta and photon emitters in excess of the MCL over many years may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Alpha emitters (pCi/L).
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 15 pCi/L
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 15
MCLG: N/A
Major sources in drinking water: Erosion of natural deposits.
Health effects language: Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit a form of radiation
known as alpha radiation. Some people who drink water containing alpha emitters
in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Combined radium (pCi/L)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 5 pCi/L
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 5
MCLG: N/A
Major sources in drinking water: Erosion of natural deposits.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing radium 226 or 228 in
excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
147
Inorganic contaminants:
Contaminant (units): Antimony (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.006
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 6
MCLG: 6
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from petroleum refineries; fire retardants;
ceramics; electronics; solder.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing antimony well in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience increases in blood cholesterol and
decreases in blood sugar.
Contaminant (units): Arsenic (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.05
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 50
MCLG: N/A
Major sources in drinking water: Erosion of natural deposits; runoff from orchards; runoff
from glass and electronics production wastes.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing arsenic in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience skin damage or problems with their
circulatory system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Asbestos (MFL)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 7 MFL
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 7
MCLG: 7
Major sources in drinking water: Decay of asbestos cement water mains; erosion of
natural deposits.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing asbestos in excess of
the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of developing benign
intestinal polyps.
Contaminant (units): Barium (ppm)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 2
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 2
MCLG: 2
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge of drilling wastes; discharge from metal
refineries; erosion of natural deposits.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing barium in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience an increase in their blood pressure.
Contaminant (units): Beryllium (ppb)
148
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.004
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 4
MCLG: 4
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from metal refineries and coal-burning
factories; discharge from electrical, aerospace, and defense industries.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing beryllium well in
excess of the MCL over many years could develop intestinal lesions.
Contaminant (units): Cadmium (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.005
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 5
MCLG: 5
Major sources in drinking water: Corrosion of galvanized pipes; erosion of natural
deposits; discharge from metal refineries; runoff from waste batteries and paints.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing cadmium in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage.
Contaminant (units): Chromium (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.1
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 100
MCLG: 100
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from steel and pulp mills; erosion of natural
deposits.
Health effects language: Some people who use water containing chromium well in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience allergic dermatitis.
Contaminant (units): Copper (ppm)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: AL=1.3
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: AL=1.3
MCLG: 1.3
Major sources in drinking water: Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of
natural deposits; leaching from wood preservatives.
Health effects language: Copper is an essential nutrient, but some people who drink water
containing copper in excess of the action level over a relatively short amount of
time could experience gastrointestinal distress. Some people who drink water
containing copper in excess of the action level over many years could suffer liver
or kidney damage. People with Wilson’s Disease should consult their personal
doctor.
Contaminant (units): Cyanide (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.2
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
149
MCL in CCR units: 200
MCLG: 200
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from steel/metal factories; discharge from
plastic and fertilizer factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing cyanide well in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience nerve damage or problems with their
thyroid.
Contaminant (units): Fluoride (ppm)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 4
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 4
MCLG: 4
Major sources in drinking water: Erosion of natural deposits; water additive which
promotes strong teeth; discharge from fertilizer and aluminum factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing fluoride in excess of the
MCL over many years could get bone disease, including pain and tenderness of the
bones. Fluoride in drinking water at half the MCL or more may cause mottling of
children’s teeth, usually in children less than nine years old. Mottling, also known
as dental fluorosis, may include brown staining and/or pitting of the teeth, and
occurs only in developing teeth before they erupt from the gums.
Contaminant (units): Lead (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: AL=0.015
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: AL=15
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of
natural deposits.
Health effects language: Infants and children who drink water containing lead in excess of
the action level could experience delays in their physical or mental development.
Children could show slight deficits in attention span and learning abilities. Adults
who drink this water over many years could develop kidney problems or high
blood pressure.
Contaminant (units): Mercury [inorganic] (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.002
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 2
MCLG: 2
Major sources in drinking water: Erosion of natural deposits; discharge from refineries
and factories; runoff from landfills; runoff from cropland.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing inorganic mercury well
in excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage.
Contaminant (units): Nitrate (ppm)
150
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 10
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 10
MCLG: 10
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks,
sewage; erosion of natural deposits.
Health effects language: Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing
nitrate in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die.
Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome.
Contaminant (units): Nitrite (ppm)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 1
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 1
MCLG: 1
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks,
sewage; erosion of natural deposits.
Health effects language: Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing
nitrite in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die.
Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome.
Contaminant (units): Selenium (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.05
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 50
MCLG: 50
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from petroleum and metal refineries; erosion
of natural deposits; discharge from mines.
Health effects language: Selenium is an essential nutrient. However, some people who
drink water containing selenium in excess of the MCL over many years could
experience hair or fingernail losses, numbness in fingers or toes, or problems with
their circulation.
Contaminant (units): Thallium (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.002
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 2
MCLG: 0.5
Major sources in drinking water: Leaching from ore-processing sites; discharge from
electronics, glass, and drug factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing thallium in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience hair loss, changes in their blood, or
problems with their kidneys, intestines, or liver.
151
Synthetic organic contaminants including pesticides and herbicides:
Contaminant (units): 2,4-D (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.07
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 70
MCLG: 70
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide used on row crops.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing the weed killer 2,4-D
well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their
kidneys, liver, or adrenal glands.
Contaminant (units): 2,4,5-TP [
Silvexsilvex
](ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.05
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 50
MCLG: 50
Major sources in drinking water: Residue of banned herbicide.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing silvex in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience liver problems.
Contaminant (units): Acrylamide
Traditional MCL in mg/L: TT
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: TT
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Added to water during sewage/wastewater treatment.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing high levels of
acrylamide over a long period of time could have problems with their nervous
system or blood, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Alachlor (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.002
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 2
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide used on row crops.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing alachlor in excess of the
MCL over many years could have problems with their eyes, liver, kidneys, or
spleen, or experience anemia, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Atrazine (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.003
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 3
MCLG: 3
152
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide used on row crops.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing atrazine well in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their cardiovascular
system or reproductive difficulties.
Contaminant (units): Benzo(a)pyrene [PAH] (nanograms/L)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.0002
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000
MCL in CCR units: 200
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Leaching from linings of water storage tanks and
distribution lines.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing benzo(a)pyrene in
excess of the MCL over many years may experience reproductive difficulties and
may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Carbofuran (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.04
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 40
MCLG: 40
Major sources in drinking water: Leaching of soil fumigant used on rice and alfalfa.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing carbofuran in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience problems with their blood, or nervous
or reproductive systems.
Contaminant (units): Chlordane (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.002
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 2
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Residue of banned termiticide.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing chlordane in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or nervous
system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Dalapon (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.2
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 200
MCLG: 200
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide used on rights of way.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing dalapon well in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience minor kidney changes.
Contaminant (units): Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (ppb)
153
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.4
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 400
MCLG: 400
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience general toxic effects
or reproductive difficulties.
Contaminant (units): Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.006
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 6
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from rubber and chemical factories
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing di(2-
ethylhexyl)phthalate in excess of the MCL over many years may have problems
with their liver, or experience reproductive difficulties, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Dibromochloropropane [DBCP] (ppt)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.0002
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000
MCL in CCR units: 200
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff/leaching from soil fumigant used on soybeans,
cotton, pineapples, and orchards.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing DBCP in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience reproductive problems and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Dinoseb (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.007
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 7
MCLG: 7
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide used on soybeans and vegetables.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing dinoseb well in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties.
Contaminant (units): Diquat (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.02
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 20
MCLG: 20
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide use.
154
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing diquat in excess of the
MCL over many years could get cataracts.
Contaminant (units): Dioxin [2,3,7,8-TCDD] (ppq)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.00000003
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000,000
MCL in CCR units: 30
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Emissions from waste incineration and other
combustion; discharge from chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing dioxin in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Endothall (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.1
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 100
MCLG: 100
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide use.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing endothall in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience problems with their stomach or
intestines.
Contaminant (units): Endrin (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.002
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 2
MCLG: 2
Major sources in drinking water: Residue of banned insecticide.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing endrin in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience liver problems.
Contaminant (units): Epichlorohydrin.
Traditional MCL in mg/L: TT
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: TT
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories; an
impurity of some water treatment chemicals.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing high levels of
epichlorohydrin over a long period of time could experience stomach problems,
and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Ethylene dibromide (ppt)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.00005
155
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000
MCL in CCR units: 50
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from petroleum refineries.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing ethylene dibromide in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver,
stomach, reproductive system, or kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
Contaminant (units): Glyphosate (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.7
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 700
MCLG: 700
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide use.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing glyphosate in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or
reproductive difficulties.
Contaminant (units): Heptachlor (ppt)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.0004
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000
MCL in CCR units: 400
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Residue of banned pesticide.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing heptachlor in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience liver damage and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Heptachlor epoxide (ppt)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.0002
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000
MCL in CCR units: 200
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Breakdown of heptachlor.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing heptachlor epoxide in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage, and may have
an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Hexachlorobenzene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.001
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 1
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from metal refineries and agricultural
chemical factories.
156
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing hexachlorobenzene in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or
kidneys, or adverse reproductive effects, and may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
Contaminant (units): Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.05
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 50
MCLG: 50
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing
hexachlorocyclopentadiene well in excess of the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their kidneys or stomach.
Contaminant (units): Lindane (ppt)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.0002
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000
MCL in CCR units: 200
MCLG: 200
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cattle, lumber,
gardens.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing lindane in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or liver.
Contaminant (units): Methoxychlor (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.04
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 40
MCLG: 40
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on fruits,
vegetables, alfalfa, livestock.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing methoxychlor in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties.
Contaminant (units): Oxamyl [Vydate] (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.2
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 200
MCLG: 200
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on apples,
potatoes and tomatoes.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing oxamyl in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience slight nervous system effects.
Contaminant (units): PCBs [Polychlorinated biphenyls] (ppt)
157
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.0005
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000
MCL in CCR units: 500
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from landfills; discharge of waste chemicals.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing PCBs in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience changes in their skin, problems with their
thymus gland, immune deficiencies, or reproductive or nervous system difficulties,
and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Pentachlorophenol (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.001
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 1
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from wood preserving factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing pentachlorophenol in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or
kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Picloram (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.5
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 500
MCLG: 500
Major sources in drinking water: Herbicide runoff.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing picloram in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.
Contaminant (units): Simazine (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.004
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 4
MCLG: 4
Major sources in drinking water: Herbicide runoff.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing simazine in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience problems with their blood.
Contaminant (units): Toxaphene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.003
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 3
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cotton and
cattle.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing toxaphene in excess of
158
the MCL over many years could have problems with their kidneys, liver, or thyroid,
and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Volatile organic contaminants:
Contaminant (units): Benzene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.005
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 5
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from factories; leaching from gas storage
tanks and landfills.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing benzene in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience anemia or a decrease in blood platelets,
and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Bromate (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.010
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 10
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Byproduct of drinking water chlorination.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing bromate in excess of
the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Carbon tetrachloride (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.005
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 5
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from chemical plants and other industrial
activities.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing carbon tetrachloride in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver and
may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Chloramines (ppm)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: MRDL = 4
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: MRDL = 4
MCLG: MRDLG = 4
Major sources in drinking water: Water additive used to control microbes.
Health effects language: Some people who use water containing chloramines well in
excess of the MRDL could experience irritating effects to their eyes and nose.
Some people who drink water containing chloramines well in excess of the MRDL
could experience stomach discomfort or anemia.
159
Contaminant (units): Chlorine (ppm)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: MRDL = 4
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: MRDL = 4
MCLG: MRDLG = 4
Major sources in drinking water: Water additive used to control microbes.
Health effects language: Some people who use water containing chlorine well in excess of
the MRDL could experience irritating effects to their eyes and nose. Some people
who drink water containing chlorine well in excess of the MRDL could experience
stomach discomfort.
Contaminant (units): Chlorite (ppm)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 1
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 1
MCLG: 0.8
Major sources in drinking water: By-product of drinking water chlorination.
Health effects language: Some infants and young children who drink water containing
chlorite in excess of the MCL could experience nervous system effects. Similar
effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water containing chlorite
in excess of the MCL. Some people may experience anemia.
Contaminant (units): Chloride dioxide (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: MRDL = 0.8
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: MRDL = 800
MCLG: MRDLG = 800
Major sources in drinking water: Water additive used to control microbes.
Health effects language: Some infants and young children who drink water containing
chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL could experience nervous system effects.
Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water containing
chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL. Some people may experience anemia.
Contaminant (units): Chlorobenzene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.1
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 100
MCLG: 100
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from chemical and agricultural chemical
factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing chlorobenzene in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys.
Contaminant (units): o-Dichlorobenzene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.6
160
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 600
MCLG: 600
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing o-dichlorobenzene well
in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver,
kidneys, or circulatory systems.
Contaminant (units): p-Dichlorobenzene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.075
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 75
MCLG: 75
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing p-dichlorobenzene in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia, damage to their
liver, kidneys, or spleen, or changes in their blood.
Contaminant (units): 1,2-Dichloroethane (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.005
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 5
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloroethane in
excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): 1,1-Dichloroethylene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.007
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 7
MCLG: 7
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing 1,1-dichloroethylene in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.
Contaminant (units): cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.07
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 70
MCLG: 70
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing cis-1,2-
dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems
with their liver.
161
Contaminant (units): trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.1
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 100
MCLG: 100
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing trans-1,2-
dichloroethylene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
problems with their liver.
Contaminant (units): Dichloromethane (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.005
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 5
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from pharmaceutical and chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing dichloromethane in
excess of the MCL over many years could have liver problems and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): 1,2-Dichloropropane (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.005
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 5
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloropropane in
excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Ethylbenzene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.7
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 700
MCLG: 700
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from petroleum refineries.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing ethylbenzene well in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or
kidneys.
Contaminant (units): Haloacetic Acids (HAA5) (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.060
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 60
MCLG: N/A
Major sources in drinking water: Byproduct of drinking water disinfection.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing haloacetic acids in
162
excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Styrene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.1
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 100
MCLG: 100
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from rubber and plastic factories; leaching
from landfills.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing styrene well in excess
of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or
circulatory system.
Contaminant (units): Tetrachloroethylene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.005
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 5
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from factories and dry cleaners.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing tetrachloroethylene in
excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, and may
have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.07
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 70
MCLG: 70
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from textile-finishing factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience changes in their
adrenal glands.
Contaminant (units): 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.2
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 200
MCLG: 200
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other
factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing 1,1,1-trichloroethane in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver,
nervous system, or circulatory system.
Contaminant (units): 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.005
163
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 5
MCLG: 3
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing 1,1,2-trichloroethane
well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver,
kidneys, or immune systems.
Contaminant (units): Trichloroethylene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.005
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 5
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other
factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing trichloroethylene in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver and
may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): TTHMs [Total trihalomethanes] (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.10/0.080
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 100/80
MCLG: N/A
Major sources in drinking water: Byproduct of drinking water chlorination.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing trihalomethanes in
excess of the MCL over many years may experience problems with their liver,
kidneys, or central nervous systems, and may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
Contaminant (units): Toluene (ppm)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 1
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 1
MCLG: 1
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from petroleum factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing toluene well in excess
of the MCL over many years could have problems with their nervous system,
kidneys, or liver.
Contaminant (units): Vinyl Chloride (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.002
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 2
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Leaching from PVC piping; discharge from plastics
164
factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing vinyl chloride in excess
of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Xylenes (ppm)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 10
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 10
MCLG: 10
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from petroleum factories; discharge from
chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing xylenes in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience damage to their nervous system.
Key:
Abbreviation
Meaning
AL
Action Level
MCL
Maximum Contaminant Level
MCLG
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
MFL
million fibers per liter
MRDL
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level
MRDLG
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal
mrem/year
millirems per year (a measure of radiation absorbed by the body)
N/A
Not Applicable
NTU
Nephelometric Turbidity Units (a measure of water clarity)
pCi/L
picocuries per liter (a measure of radioactivity)
ppm
parts per million, or milligrams per liter (mg/L)
ppb
parts per billion, or micrograms per liter (
μ
g/L)
ppt
parts per trillion, or nanograms per liter
ppq
parts per quadrillion, or picograms per liter
TT
Treatment Technique
1) Trichloroethylene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
sets drinking water standards and has determined that trichloroethylene is a health
concern at certain levels of exposure. This chemical is a common metal cleaning
and dry cleaning fluid. It generally gets into drinking water by improper waste
disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals
such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the
risk of cancer in humans who are exposed at lower levels over long periods of
time. USEPA has set forth the enforceable drinking water standard for
trichloroethylene at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or
other adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals.
Drinking water which meets this standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and should be considered safe.
165
2) Carbon tetrachloride. The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that carbon
tetrachloride is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This chemical was
once a popular household cleaning fluid. It generally gets into drinking water by
improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high
levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also
may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed at lower levels over
long periods of time. USEPA has set the enforceable drinking water standard for
carbon tetrachloride at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or
other adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals.
Drinking water which meets this standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and should be considered safe.
3) 1,2-Dichloroethane. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
sets drinking water standards and has determined that 1,2-dichloroethane is a health
concern at certain levels of exposure. This chemical is used as a cleaning fluid for
fats, oils, waxes, and resins. It generally gets into drinking water by improper
waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory
animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over
their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may
increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed at lower levels over long
periods of time. USEPA has set the enforceable drinking water standard for 1,2-
dichloroethane at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or
other adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals.
Drinking water which meets this standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and should be considered safe.
4) Vinyl chloride. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that vinyl chloride is a health concern
at certain levels of exposure. This chemical is used in industry and is found in
drinking water as a result of the breakdown of related solvents. The solvents are
used as cleaners and degreasers of metals and generally get into drinking water by
improper waste disposal. This chemical has been associated with significantly
increased risks of cancer among certain industrial workers who were exposed to
relatively large amounts of this chemical during their working careers. This
chemical has also been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals when the
animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause
increased risk of cancer among exposed industrial workers and in laboratory
animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed at lower
levels over long periods of time. USEPA has set the enforceable drinking water
standard for vinyl chloride at 0.002 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of
cancer or other adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory
animals. Drinking water which meets this standard is associated with little to none
of this risk and should be considered safe.
166
5) Benzene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that benzene is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This chemical is used as a solvent and degreaser of
metals. It is also a major component of gasoline. Drinking water contamination
generally results from leaking underground gasoline and petroleum tanks or
improper waste disposal. This chemical has been associated with significantly
increased risks of leukemia among certain industrial workers who were exposed to
relatively large amounts of this chemical during their working careers. This
chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals when the animals
are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause increased risk
of cancer among exposed industrial workers and in laboratory animals also may
increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed at lower levels over long
periods of time. USEPA has set the enforceable drinking water standard for
benzene at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other
adverse health effects which have been observed in humans and laboratory animals.
Drinking water which meets this standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and should be considered safe.
6) 1,1-Dichloroethylene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that 1,1-
dichloroethylene is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This chemical is
used in industry and is found in drinking water as a result of the breakdown of
related solvents. The solvents are used as cleaners and degreasers of metals and
generally get into drinking water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has
been shown to cause liver and kidney damage in laboratory animals such as rats
and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.
Chemicals that cause adverse effects in laboratory animals also may cause adverse
health effects in humans who are exposed at lower levels over long periods of time.
USEPA has set the enforceable drinking water standard for 1,1-dichloroethylene at
0.007 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of these adverse health effects
which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets this
standard is associated with little to none of this risk and should be considered safe.
7) Para-dichlorobenzene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that para-
dichlorobenzene is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This chemical is
a component of deodorizers, moth balls, and pesticides. It generally gets into
drinking water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to
cause liver and kidney damage in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when
the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals which cause
adverse effects in laboratory animals also may cause adverse health effects in
humans who are exposed at lower levels over long periods of time. USEPA has set
the enforceable drinking water standard for para-dichlorobenzene at 0.075 parts
per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of these adverse health effects which have
been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets this standard is
167
associated with little to none of this risk and should be considered safe.
8) 1,1,1-Trichloroethane. The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that 1,1,1-
trichloroethane is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This chemical is
used as a cleaner and degreaser of metals. It generally gets into drinking water by
improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver,
nervous system, and circulatory system of laboratory animals such as rats and mice
when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Some industrial
workers who were exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical during their
working careers also suffered damage to the liver, nervous system, and circulatory
system. Chemicals which cause adverse effects among exposed industrial workers
and in laboratory animals also may cause adverse health effects in humans who are
exposed at lower levels over long periods of time. USEPA has set the enforceable
drinking water standard for 1,1,1-trichloroethane at 0.2 parts per million (ppm) to
protect against the risk of these adverse health effects which have been observed in
laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets this standard is associated with
little to none of this risk and should be considered safe.
9) Fluoride. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requires that we send you
this notice on the level of fluoride in your drinking water. The drinking water in
your community has a fluoride concentration of [concentration to be provided by
supplier] milligrams per liter (mg/L).
Federal regulations require that fluoride, which occurs naturally in your water
supply, not exceed a concentration of 4.0 mg/L in drinking water. This is an
enforceable standard called a Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL), and it has been
established to protect the public health. Exposure to drinking water levels above
4.0 mg/L for many years may result in some cases of crippling skeletal fluorosis,
which is a serious bone disorder.
Federal law also requires that we notify you when monitoring indicates that the
fluoride in your drinking water exceeds 2.0 mg/L. This is intended to alert families
about dental problems that might affect children under nine years of age. The
fluoride concentration of your water exceeds this federal guideline.
Fluoride in children’s drinking water at levels of approximately 1 mg/L reduces the
number of dental cavities. However, some children exposed to levels of fluoride
greater than about 2.0 mg/L may develop dental fluorosis. Dental fluorosis, in its
moderate and severe forms, is a brown staining or pitting of the permanent teeth.
Because dental fluorosis occurs only when developing teeth (before they erupt from
the gums) are exposed to elevated fluoride levels, households without children are
not expected to be affected by this level of fluoride. Families with children under
the age of nine are encouraged to seek other sources of drinking water for their
children to avoid the possibility of staining and pitting.
168
Your water supplier can lower the concentration of fluoride in your water so that
you will still receive the benefits of cavity prevention while the possibility of
stained and pitted teeth is minimized. Removal of fluoride may increase your water
costs. Treatment systems are also commercially available for home use.
Information on such systems is available at the address given below. Low fluoride
bottled drinking water that would meet all standards is also commercially
available.
For further information, contact [name of contact person to be provided by
supplier] at your water system.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(e)(9) and 143.5 (1998).
10) Microbiological contaminants (for use when there is a violation of the treatment
technique requirements for filtration and disinfection in Subpart B or Subpart R of
this Part). The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that the presence of microbiological
contaminants are a health concern at certain levels of exposure. If water is
inadequately treated, microbiological contaminants in that water may cause
disease. Disease symptoms may include diarrhea, cramps, nausea, and possibly
jaundice, and any associated headaches and fatigue. These symptoms, however,
are not just associated with disease-causing organisms in drinking water, but also
may be caused by a number of factors other than your drinking water. USEPA has
set enforceable requirements for treating drinking water to reduce the risk of these
adverse health effects. Treatment such as filtering and disinfecting the water
removes or destroys microbiological contaminants. Drinking water which is
treated to meet USEPA requirements is associated with little to none of this risk
and should be considered safe.
11) Total coliforms. (To be used when there is a violation of Section 611.325(a) and
not a violation of Section 611.325(b)). The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that the
presence of total coliforms is a possible health concern. Total coliforms are
common in the environment and are generally not harmful themselves. The
presence of these bacteria in drinking water, however, generally is a result of a
problem with water treatment or the pipes which distribute the water and indicates
that the water may be contaminated with organisms that can cause disease. Disease
symptoms may include diarrhea, cramps, nausea, and possibly jaundice, and any
associated headaches and fatigue. These symptoms, however, are not just
associated with disease-causing organisms in drinking water, but also may be
caused by a number of factors other than your drinking water. USEPA has set an
enforceable drinking water standard for total coliforms to reduce the risk of these
adverse health effects. Under this standard, no more than 5.0 percent of the
samples collected during a month can contain these bacteria, except that systems
collecting fewer than 40 samples/month that have one total coliform-positive
169
sample per month are not violating the standard. Drinking water which meets this
standard is usually not associated with a health risk from disease-causing bacteria
and should be considered safe.
12) Fecal Coliforms/E. coli. (To be used when there is a violation of Section
611.325(b) or both Section 611.325(a) and (b).) The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that
the presence of fecal coliforms or E. coli is a serious health concern. Fecal
coliforms and E. coli are generally not harmful themselves, but their presence in
drinking water is serious because they usually are associated with sewage or
animal wastes. The presence of these bacteria in drinking water is generally a
result of a problem with water treatment or the pipes which distribute the water and
indicates that the water may be contaminated with organisms that can cause disease.
Disease symptoms may include diarrhea, cramps, nausea, and possibly jaundice,
and associated headaches and fatigue. These symptoms, however, are not just
associated with disease-causing organisms in drinking water, but also may be
caused by a number of factors other than your drinking water. USEPA has set an
enforceable drinking water standard for fecal coliforms and E. coli to reduce the
risk of these adverse health effects. Under this standard all drinking water samples
must be free of these bacteria. Drinking water which meets this standard is
associated with little or none of this risk and should be considered safe. State and
local health authorities recommend that consumers take the following precautions:
[To be inserted by the public water system, according to instruction from State or
local authorities].
13) Lead. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that lead is a health concern at certain exposure
levels. Materials that contain lead have frequently been used in the construction of
water supply distribution systems, and plumbing systems in private homes and other
buildings. The most commonly found materials include service lines, pipes, brass
and bronze fixtures, and solders and fluxes. Lead in these materials can
contaminate drinking water as a result of the corrosion that takes place when water
comes into contact with those materials. Lead can cause a variety of adverse health
effects in humans. At relatively low levels of exposure, these effects may include
interference with red blood cell chemistry, delays in normal physical and mental
development in babies and young children, slight deficits in the attention span,
hearing, and learning abilities of children, and slight increases in the blood
pressure of some adults. USEPA’s national primary drinking water regulation
requires all public water systems to optimize corrosion control to minimize lead
contamination resulting from the corrosion of plumbing materials. Public water
systems serving 50,000 people or fewer that have lead concentrations below 15
parts per billion (ppb) in more than 90% of tap water samples (the USEPA “action
level”) have optimized their corrosion control treatment. Any water system that
exceeds the action level must also monitor their source water to determine whether
treatment to remove lead in source water is needed. Any water system that
continues to exceed the action level after installation of corrosion control or source
170
water treatment must eventually replace all lead service lines contributing in excess
of 15 ppb of lead to drinking water. Any water system that exceeds the action level
must also undertake a public education program to inform consumers of ways they
can reduce their exposure to potentially high levels of lead in drinking water.
14) Copper. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that copper is a health concern at
certain exposure levels. Copper, a reddish-brown metal, is often used to plumb
residential and commercial structures that are connected to water distribution
systems. Copper contaminating drinking water as a corrosion byproduct occurs as
the result of the corrosion of copper pipes that remain in contact with water for a
prolonged period of time. Copper is an essential nutrient, but at high doses it has
been shown to cause stomach and intestinal distress, liver and kidney damage, and
anemia. Persons with Wilson’s disease may be at a higher risk of health effects due
to copper than the general public. USEPA’s national primary drinking water
regulation requires all public water systems to install optimal corrosion control to
minimize copper contamination resulting from the corrosion of plumbing materials.
Public water systems serving 50,000 people or fewer that have copper
concentrations below 1.3 parts per million (ppm) in more than 90% of tap water
samples (the USEPA “action level”) are not required to install or improve their
treatment. Any water system that exceeds the action level must also monitor their
source water to determine whether treatment to remove copper in source water is
needed.
15) Asbestos. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that asbestos fibers greater than
10 micrometers in length are a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral. Most asbestos fibers in drinking water
are less than 10 micrometers in length and occur in drinking water from natural
sources and from corroded asbestos-cement pipes in the distribution system. The
major uses of asbestos were in the production of cements, floor tiles, paper
products, paint, and caulking; in transportation-related applications; and in the
production of textiles and plastics. Asbestos was once a popular insulating and fire
retardant material. Inhalation studies have shown that various forms of asbestos
have produced lung tumors in laboratory animals. The available information on the
risk of developing gastrointestinal tract cancer associated with the ingestion of
asbestos from drinking water is limited. Ingestion of intermediate-range chrysolite
asbestos fibers greater than 10 micrometers in length is associated with causing
benign tumors in male rats. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also
may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of
time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for asbestos at 7 million long
fibers per liter to reduce the potential risk of cancer or other adverse health effects
which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets the
USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and should be
considered safe with respect to asbestos.
171
16) Barium. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that barium is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This inorganic chemical occurs naturally in some
aquifers that serve as sources of groundwater. It is also used in oil and gas drilling
muds, automotive paints, bricks, tiles, and jet fuels. It generally gets into drinking
water after dissolving from naturally occurring minerals in the ground. This
chemical may damage the heart and vascular system, and is associated with high
blood pressure in laboratory animals such as rats exposed to high levels during
their lifetimes. In humans, USEPA believes that effects from barium on blood
pressure should not occur below 2 parts per million (ppm) in drinking water.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for barium at 2 parts per million (ppm)
to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets
the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered
safe with respect to barium.
17) Cadmium. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that cadmium is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. Food and the smoking of tobacco are common sources
of general exposure. This inorganic metal is a contaminant in the metals used to
galvanize pipe. It generally gets into water by corrosion of galvanized pipes or by
improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to damage the kidney in
animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over
their lifetimes. Some industrial workers who were exposed to relatively large
amounts of this chemical during working careers also suffered damage to the
kidney. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for cadmium at 0.005 parts per
million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking
water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk
and is considered safe with respect to cadmium.
18) Chromium. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that chromium is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This inorganic metal occurs naturally in the ground and
is often used in the electroplating of metals. It generally gets into water from runoff
from old mining operations and improper waste disposal from plating operations.
This chemical has been shown to damage the kidney, nervous system, and the
circulatory system of laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals
are exposed at high levels. Some humans who were exposed to high levels of this
chemical suffered liver and kidney damage, dermatitis, and respiratory problems.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for chromium at 0.1 parts per million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that
meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to chromium.
19) Mercury. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that mercury is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This inorganic metal is used in electrical equipment and
172
some water pumps. It usually gets into water as a result of improper waste
disposal. This chemical has been shown to damage the kidney of laboratory
animals such as rats when the animals are exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for mercury at 0.002 parts
per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of
this risk and is considered safe with respect to mercury.
20) Nitrate. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that nitrate poses an acute health
concern at certain levels of exposure. Nitrate is used in fertilizer and is found in
sewage and wastes from human or farm animals and generally gets into drinking
water from those activities. Excessive levels of nitrate in drinking water have
caused serious illness and sometimes death in infants under six months of age. The
serious illness in infants is caused because nitrate is converted to nitrite in the
body. Nitrite interferes with the oxygen carrying capacity of the child’s blood.
This is an acute disease in that symptoms can develop rapidly in infants. In most
cases, health deteriorates over a period of days. Symptoms include shortness of
breath and blueness of the skin. Clearly, expert medical advice should be sought
immediately if these symptoms occur. The purpose of this notice is to encourage
parents and other responsible parties to provide infants with an alternate source of
drinking water. Local and State health authorities are the best source for
information concerning alternate sources of drinking water for infants. USEPA has
set the drinking water standard at 10 parts per million (ppm) for nitrate to protect
against the risk of these adverse effects. USEPA has also set a drinking water
standard for nitrite at 1 ppm. To allow for the fact that the toxicity of nitrate and
nitrite are additive, USEPA has also established a standard for the sum of nitrate
and nitrite at 10 ppm. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated
with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to nitrate.
21) Nitrite. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that nitrite poses an acute health
concern at certain levels of exposure. This inorganic chemical is used in fertilizers
and is found in sewage and wastes from humans or farm animals and generally gets
into drinking water as a result of those activities. While excessive levels of nitrite
in drinking water have not been observed, other sources of nitrite have caused
serious illness and sometimes death in infants under six months of age. The serious
illness in infants is caused because nitrite interferes with the oxygen carrying
capacity of the child’s blood. This is an acute disease in that symptoms can
develop rapidly. However, in most cases, health deteriorates over a period of
days. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blueness of the skin. Clearly,
expert medical advice should be sought immediately if these symptoms occur. The
purpose of this notice is to encourage parents and other responsible parties to
provide infants with an alternate source of drinking water. Local and State health
authorities are the best source for information concerning alternate sources of
drinking water for infants. USEPA has set the drinking water standard at 1 part per
173
million (ppm) for nitrite to protect against the risk of these adverse effects. USEPA
has also set a drinking water standard for nitrate (converted to nitrite in humans) at
10 ppm and for the sum of nitrate and nitrite at 10 ppm. Drinking water that meets
the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered
safe with respect to nitrite.
22) Selenium. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that selenium is a health concern at
certain high levels of exposure. Selenium is also an essential nutrient at low levels
of exposure. This inorganic chemical is found naturally in food and soils and is
used in electronics, photocopy operations, the manufacture of glass, chemicals,
drugs, and as a fungicide and a feed additive. In humans, exposure to high levels of
selenium over a long period of time has resulted in a number of adverse health
effects, including a loss of feeling and control in the arms and legs. USEPA has set
the drinking water standard for selenium at 0.05 parts per million (ppm) to protect
against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the
USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe
with respect to selenium.
23) Acrylamide. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that acrylamide is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. Polymers made from acrylamide are sometimes used to
treat water supplies to remove particulate contaminants. Acrylamide has been
shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause
cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who
are exposed over long periods of time. Sufficiently large doses of acrylamide are
known to cause neurological injury. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
acrylamide using a treatment technique to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse
health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. This treatment
technique limits the amount of acrylamide in the polymer and the amount of the
polymer which may be added to drinking water to remove particulates. Drinking
water systems which comply with this treatment technique have little to no risk and
are considered safe with respect to acrylamide.
24) Alachlor. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that alachlor is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is a widely used pesticide.
When soil and climatic conditions are favorable, alachlor may get into drinking
water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This chemical
has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when
the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause
cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who
are exposed over long periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
for alachlor at 0.002 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other
adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking
174
water that meets this standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to alachlor.
25) Aldicarb. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that aldicarb is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. Aldicarb is a widely used pesticide. Under certain soil
and climatic conditions (e.g., sandy soil and high rainfall), aldicarb may leach into
groundwater after normal agricultural applications to crops such as potatoes or
peanuts or may enter drinking water supplies as a result of surface runoff. This
chemical has been shown to damage the nervous system in laboratory animals such
as rats and dogs exposed to high levels. USEPA has set the drinking water
standard for aldicarb at 0.003 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of adverse
health effects. Drinking water that meets this standard is associated with little to
none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to aldicarb.
26) Aldicarb sulfoxide. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
sets drinking water standards and has determined that aldicarb sulfoxide is a health
concern at certain levels of exposure. Aldicarb is a widely used pesticide.
Aldicarb sulfoxide in groundwater is primarily a breakdown product of aldicarb.
Under certain soil and climatic conditions (e.g., sandy soil and high rainfall),
aldicarb sulfoxide may leach into groundwater after normal agricultural
applications to crops such as potatoes or peanuts or may enter drinking water
supplies as a result of surface runoff. This chemical has been shown to damage the
nervous system in laboratory animals such as rats and dogs exposed to high levels.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for aldicarb sulfoxide at 0.004 parts per
million (ppm) to reduce the risk of adverse health effects. Drinking water that
meets this standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered
safe with respect to aldicarb sulfoxide.
27) Aldicarb sulfone. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
sets drinking water standards and has determined that aldicarb sulfone is a health
concern at certain levels of exposure. Aldicarb is a widely used pesticide.
Aldicarb sulfone in groundwater is primarily a breakdown product of aldicarb.
Under certain soil and climatic conditions (e.g., sandy soil and high rainfall),
aldicarb sulfone may leach into groundwater after normal agricultural applications
to crops such as potatoes or peanuts or may enter drinking water supplies as a
result of surface runoff. This chemical has been shown to damage the nervous
system in laboratory animals such as rats and dogs exposed to high levels. USEPA
has set the drinking water standard for aldicarb sulfone at 0.002 parts per million
(ppm) to reduce the risk of adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets this
standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to aldicarb sulfone.
28) Atrazine. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that atrazine is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is a herbicide. When soil and
175
climatic conditions are favorable, atrazine may get into drinking water by runoff
into surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This chemical has been shown
to affect offspring of rats and the hearts of dogs. USEPA has set the drinking water
standard for atrazine at 0.003 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of
these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
atrazine.
29) Carbofuran. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that carbofuran is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is a pesticide. When soil and
climatic conditions are favorable, carbofuran may get into drinking water by runoff
into surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This chemical has been shown
to damage the nervous and reproductive systems of laboratory animals such as rats
and mice exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Some humans who were
exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical during their working careers
also suffered damage to the nervous system. Effects on the nervous system are
generally rapidly reversible. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for carbo-
furan at 0.04 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse
health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with
little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to carbofuran.
30) Chlordane. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that chlordane is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is a pesticide used to control
termites. Chlordane is not very mobile in soils. It usually gets into drinking water
after application near water supply intakes or wells. This chemical has been
shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause
cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who
are exposed over long periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
for chlordane at 0.002 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other
adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking
water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk
and is considered safe with respect to chlordane.
31) Dibromochloropropane (DBCP). The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that DBCP is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical was once a
popular pesticide. When soil and climatic conditions are favorable, DBCP may get
into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into groundwater.
This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats
and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.
Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. USEPA has set the
drinking water standard for DBCP at 0.0002 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the
176
risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have been observed in
laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated
with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to DBCP.
32) o-Dichlorobenzene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
sets drinking water standards and has determined that o-dichlorobenzene is a health
concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used as a solvent in
the production of pesticides and dyes. It generally gets into water by improper
waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney, and the
blood cells of laboratory animals such as rats and mice exposed to high levels
during their lifetimes. Some industrial workers who were exposed to relatively
large amounts of this chemical during working careers also suffered damage to the
liver, nervous system, and circulatory system. USEPA has set the drinking water
standard for o-dichlorobenzene at 0.6 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the
risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard
is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
o-dichlorobenzene.
33) cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) establishes drinking water standards and has determined that
cis-1,2-dichloroethylene is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is used as a solvent and intermediate in chemical production. It
generally gets into water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been
shown to damage the liver, nervous system, and circulatory system of laboratory
animals such as rats and mice when exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.
Some humans who were exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical also
suffered damage to the nervous system. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
for cis-1,2-dichloroethylene at 0.07 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the
risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard
is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
cis-1,2-dichloroethylene.
34) trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) establishes drinking water standards and has determined that
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is used as a solvent and intermediate in chemical production. It
generally gets into water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been
shown to damage the liver, nervous system, and the circulatory system of laboratory
animals such as rats and mice when exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.
Some humans who were exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical also
suffered damage to the nervous system. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
for trans-1,2-dichloroethylene at 0.1 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the
risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard
is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene.
177
35) 1,2-Dichloropropane. The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that
1,2-dichloropropane is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic
chemical is used as a solvent and pesticide. When soil and climatic conditions are
favorable, 1,2-dichloropropane may get into drinking water by runoff into surface
water or by leaching into groundwater. It may also get into drinking water through
improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high
levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also
may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of
time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for 1,2-dichloropropane at 0.005
parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects
which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets the
USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe
with respect to 1,2-dichloropropane.
36) 2,4-D. This contaminant is subject to an “additional State requirement”. The
supplier shall give the following notice if the level exceeds the Section 611.311
MCL. If the level exceeds the Section 611.310 MCL, but not that of Section
611.311, the supplier shall give a general notice under Section 611.854.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that 2,4-D is a health concern at certain levels of
exposure. This organic chemical is used as a herbicide and to control algae in
reservoirs. When soil and climatic conditions are favorable, 2,4-D may get into
drinking water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This
chemical has been shown to damage the liver and kidney of laboratory animals such
as rats exposed at high levels during their lifetimes. Some humans who were
exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical also suffered damage to the
nervous system. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for 2,4-D at 0.07 parts
per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of
this risk and is considered safe with respect to 2,4-D.
37) Epichlorohydrin. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
sets drinking water standards and has determined that epichlorohydrin is a health
concern at certain levels of exposure. Polymers made from epichlorohydrin are
sometimes used in the treatment of water supplies as a flocculent to remove
particulates. Epichlorohydrin generally gets into drinking water by improper use of
these polymers. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory
animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over
their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may
increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of time.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for epichlorohydrin using a treatment
technique to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have
been observed in laboratory animals. This treatment technique limits the amount of
178
epichlorohydrin in the polymer and the amount of the polymer which may be added
to drinking water as a flocculent to remove particulates. Drinking water systems
which comply with this treatment technique have little to no risk and are considered
safe with respect to epichlorohydrin.
38) Ethylbenzene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined ethylbenzene is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is a major component of
gasoline. It generally gets into water by improper waste disposal or leaking
gasoline tanks. This chemical has been shown to damage the kidney, liver, and
nervous system of laboratory animals such as rats exposed to high levels during
their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for ethylbenzene at 0.7
parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of
this risk and is considered safe with respect to ethylbenzene.
39) Ethylene dibromide (EDB). The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that EDB is a health
concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical was once a popular
pesticide. When soil and climatic conditions are favorable, EDB may get into
drinking water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This
chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and
mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals
that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in
humans who are exposed over long periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking
water standard for EDB at 0.00005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of
cancer or other adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory
animals. Drinking water that meets this standard is associated with little to none of
this risk and is considered safe with respect to EDB.
40) Heptachlor. This contaminant is subject to an “additional State requirement”. The
supplier shall give the following notice if the level exceeds the Section 611.311
MCL. If the level exceeds the Section 611.310 MCL, but not that of Section
611.311, the supplier shall give a general notice under Section 611.854.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that heptachlor is a health concern at certain levels of
exposure. This organic chemical was once a popular pesticide. When soil and
climatic conditions are favorable, heptachlor may get into drinking water by runoff
into surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This chemical has been shown
to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are
exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed
over long periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standards for
heptachlor at 0.0004 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other
adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking
179
water that meets this standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to heptachlor.
41) Heptachlor epoxide. This contaminant is subject to an “additional State
requirement”. The supplier shall give the following notice if the level exceeds the
Section 611.311 MCL. If the level exceeds the Section 611.310 MCL, but not that
of Section 611.311, the supplier shall give a general notice under Section 611.854.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that heptachlor epoxide is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure. This organic chemical was once a popular pesticide. When
soil and climatic conditions are favorable, heptachlor epoxide may get into
drinking water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This
chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and
mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals
that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in
humans who are exposed over long periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking
water standards for heptachlor epoxide at 0.0002 parts per million (ppm) to reduce
the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have been observed in
laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets this standard is associated with little
to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to heptachlor epoxide.
42) Lindane. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that lindane is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used as a pesticide. When
soil and climatic conditions are favorable, lindane may get into drinking water by
runoff into surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This chemical has been
shown to damage the liver, kidney, nervous system, and immune system of
laboratory animals such as rats, mice and dogs exposed at high levels during their
lifetimes. Some humans who were exposed to relatively large amounts of this
chemical also suffered damage to the nervous system and circulatory system.
USEPA has established the drinking water standard for lindane at 0.0002 parts per
million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking
water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk
and is considered safe with respect to lindane.
43) Methoxychlor. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that methoxychlor is a health concern
at certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used as a pesticide. When
soil and climatic conditions are favorable, methoxychlor may get into drinking
water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This chemical
has been shown to damage the liver, kidney, nervous system, and reproductive
system of laboratory animals such as rats exposed at high levels during their
lifetimes. It has also been shown to produce growth retardation in rats. USEPA
has set the drinking water standard for methoxychlor at 0.04 parts per million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that
180
meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to methoxychlor.
44) Monochlorobenzene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that
monochlorobenzene is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic
chemical is used as a solvent. It generally gets into water by improper waste
disposal. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney, and nervous
system of laboratory animals such as rats and mice exposed to high levels during
their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for monochlorobenzene
at 0.1 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health
effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to
none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to monochlorobenzene.
45) Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a health concern at certain levels of
exposure. These organic chemicals were once widely used in electrical
transformers and other industrial equipment. They generally get into drinking water
by improper waste disposal or leaking electrical industrial equipment. This
chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and
mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals
that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in
humans who are exposed over long periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking
water standard for PCBs at 0.0005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of
cancer or other adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory
animals. Drinking water that meets this standard is associated with little to none of
this risk and is considered safe with respect to PCBs.
46) Pentachlorophenol. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
sets drinking water standards and has determined that pentachlorophenol is a health
concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is widely used as a
wood preservative, herbicide, disinfectant, and defoliant. It generally gets into
drinking water by runoff into surface water or leaching into groundwater. This
chemical has been shown to produce adverse reproductive effects and to damage
the liver and kidneys of laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals
are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Some humans who were exposed to
relatively large amounts of this chemical also suffered damage to the liver and
kidneys. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such
as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.
Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. USEPA has set the
drinking water standard for pentachlorophenol at 0.001 parts per million (ppm) to
reduce the risk of adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets this standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
pentachlorophenol.
181
47) Styrene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that styrene is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is commonly used to make
plastics and is sometimes a component of resins used for drinking water treatment.
Styrene may get into drinking water from improper waste disposal. This chemical
has been shown to damage the liver and nervous system in laboratory animals when
exposed at high levels during their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water
standard for styrene at 0.1 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of
these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
styrene.
48) Tetrachloroethylene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that tetrachloroethylene
is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical has been a
popular solvent, particularly for dry cleaning. It generally gets into drinking water
by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high
levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also
may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of
time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for tetrachloroethylene at 0.005
parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects
which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets this
standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to tetrachloroethylene.
49) Toluene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that toluene is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used as a solvent and in the
manufacture of gasoline for airplanes. It generally gets into water by improper
waste disposal or leaking underground storage tanks. This chemical has been
shown to damage the kidney, nervous system, and circulatory system of laboratory
animals such as rats and mice exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. Some
industrial workers who were exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical
during working careers also suffered damage to the liver, kidney, and nervous
system. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for toluene at 1 part per million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that
meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to toluene.
50) Toxaphene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that toxaphene is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical was once a pesticide widely
used on cotton, corn, soybeans, pineapples, and other crops. When soil and
climatic conditions are favorable, toxaphene may get into drinking water by runoff
182
into surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This chemical has been shown
to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are
exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed
over long periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
toxaphene at 0.003 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other
adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking
water that meets this standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to toxaphene.
51) 2,4,5-TP. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that 2,4,5-TP is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used as a herbicide. When
soil and climatic conditions are favorable, 2,4,5-TP may get into drinking water by
runoff into surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This chemical has been
shown to damage the liver and kidney of laboratory animals such as rats and dogs
exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. Some industrial workers who were
exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical during working careers also
suffered damage to the nervous system. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
for 2,4,5-TP at 0.05 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these
adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
2,4,5-TP.
52) Xylenes. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that xylene is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used in the manufacture of
gasoline for airplanes and as a solvent for pesticides, and as a cleaner and
degreaser of metals. It usually gets into water by improper waste disposal. This
chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney, and nervous system of
laboratory animals such as rats and dogs exposed to high levels during their
lifetimes. Some humans who were exposed to relatively large amounts of this
chemical also suffered damage to the nervous system. USEPA has set the drinking
water standard for xylene at 10 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of
these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
xylene.
53) Antimony. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that antimony is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This inorganic chemical occurs naturally in soils,
groundwater, and surface water and is often used in the flame retardant industry. It
is also used in ceramics and glass, batteries, fireworks, and explosives. It may get
into drinking water through natural weathering of rock, industrial production,
municipal waste disposal, or manufacturing processes. This chemical has been
shown to decrease longevity, and altered blood levels of cholesterol and glucose in
183
laboratory animals such as rats exposed to high levels during their lifetimes.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for antimony at 0.006 parts per million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that
meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to antimony.
54) Beryllium. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that beryllium is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This inorganic chemical occurs naturally in soils,
groundwater, and surface water and is often used in electrical equipment and
electrical components. It generally gets into water from runoff from mining
operations, discharge from processing plants, and improper waste disposal.
Beryllium compounds have been associated with damage to the bones and lungs
and induction of cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. There is limited evidence
to suggest that beryllium may pose a cancer risk via drinking water exposure.
Therefore, USEPA based the health assessment on noncancer effects with and extra
uncertainty factor to account for possible carcinogenicity. Chemicals that cause
cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who
are exposed over long periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
for beryllium at 0.004 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these
adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
beryllium.
55) Cyanide. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that cyanide is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This inorganic chemical is used in electroplating, steel
processing, plastics, synthetic fabrics, and fertilizer products. It usually gets into
water as a result of improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to
damage the spleen, brain, and liver of humans fatally poisoned with cyanide.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for cyanide at 0.2 parts per million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that
meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to cyanide.
56) Nickel. This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.32(e)(56) marked
“reserved” by USEPA. This statement maintains structural consistency with
USEPA rules.
57) Thallium. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that thallium is a health concern at
certain high levels of exposure. This inorganic chemical occurs naturally in soils,
groundwater, and surface water and is used in electronics, pharmaceuticals, and the
manufacture of glass and alloys. This chemical has been shown to damage the
kidney, liver, brain, and intestines of laboratory animals when the animals are
184
exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water
standard for thallium at 0.002 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of
these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
thallium.
58) Benzo(a)pyrene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
sets drinking water standards and has determined that benzo(a)pyrene is a health
concern at certain levels of exposure. Cigarette smoke and charbroiled meats are
common sources of general exposure. The major source of benzo(a)pyrene in
drinking water is the leaching from coal tar lining and sealants in water storage
tanks. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in animals such as rats and
mice when the animals are exposed to high levels. USEPA has set the drinking
water standard for benzo(a)pyrene at 0.0002 parts per million (ppm) to protect
against the risk of cancer. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
benzo(a)pyrene.
59) Dalapon. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that dalapon is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is a widely used herbicide. It
may get into drinking water after application to control grasses in crops, drainage
ditches, and along railroads. This chemical has been associated with damage to the
kidney and liver in laboratory animals when the animals are exposed to high levels
during their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for dalapon at
0.2 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health
effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to
none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to dalapon.
60) Dichloromethane. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
sets drinking water standards and has determined that dichloromethane (methylene
chloride) is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
is a widely used solvent. It is used in the manufacture of paint remover, as a metal
degreaser, and as an aerosol propellant. It generally gets into water after improper
discharge of waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high
levels during their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals
also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for dichloromethane at 0.005
parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of cancer or other adverse health
effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to
none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to dichloromethane.
61) Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate. The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that di(2-ethylhexyl)-
adipate is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
185
is a widely used plasticizer in a variety of products, including synthetic rubber,
food packaging materials, and cosmetics. It may get into drinking water after
improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver and
testes in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to
high levels. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
at 0.4 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of adverse health effects
that have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets the
USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe
with respect to di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate.
62) Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that di(2-ethylhexyl)-
phthalate is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. Di(2-ethylhexyl)-
phthalate is a widely used plasticizer, which is primarily used in the production of
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resins. It may get into drinking water after improper
waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory
animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high levels during
their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for di(2-ethylhexyl)-
phthalate at 0.006 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of cancer or
other adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals.
Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of
this risk and is considered safe with respect to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.
63) Dinoseb. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that dinoseb is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. Dinoseb is a widely used pesticide and generally gets
into water after application on orchards, vineyards, and other crops. This chemical
has been shown to damage the thyroid and reproductive organs in laboratory
animals such as rats exposed to high levels. USEPA has set the drinking water
standard for dinoseb at 0.007 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of
these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
dinoseb.
64) Diquat. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that diquat is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is a herbicide used to control
terrestrial and aquatic weeds. It may get into drinking water by runoff into surface
water. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney, and
gastrointestinal tract and causes cataract formation in laboratory animals such as
dogs and rats exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. USEPA has set the
drinking water standard for diquat at 0.02 parts per million (ppm) to protect against
the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to diquat.
186
65) Endothall. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that endothall is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is a herbicide used to control
terrestrial and aquatic weeds. It may get into drinking water by runoff into surface
water. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney, gastrointestinal
tract, and reproductive system of laboratory animals such as rats and mice exposed
at high levels over their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
endothall at 0.1 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse
health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with
little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to endothall.
66) Endrin. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that endrin is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is a pesticide no longer
registered for use in the United States. However, this pesticide is persistent in
treated soils and accumulates in sediments and aquatic and terrestrial biota. This
chemical has been shown to cause damage to the liver, kidney, and heart in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high
levels during their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for endrin
at 0.002 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health
effects that have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets
the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered
safe with respect to endrin.
67) Glyphosate. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that glyphosate is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is a herbicide used to control
grasses and weeds. It may get into drinking water by runoff into surface water.
This chemical has been shown to cause damage to the liver and kidneys in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high
levels during their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
glyphosate at 0.7 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse
health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with
little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to glyphosate.
68) Hexachlorobenzene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
sets drinking water standards and has determined that hexachlorobenzene is a health
concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is produced as an
impurity in the manufacture of certain solvents and pesticides. This chemical has
been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause
cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who
are exposed over long periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
for hexachlorobenzene at 0.001 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk
of cancer and other adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with
187
respect to hexachlorobenzene.
69) Hexachlorocyclopentadiene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that hexachlorocyclo-
pentadiene is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
is a used as an intermediate in the manufacture of pesticides and flame retardants.
It may get into water by discharge from production facilities. This chemical has
been shown to damage the kidney and the stomach of laboratory animals when
exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water
standard for hexachlorocyclopentadiene at 0.05 parts per million (ppm) to protect
against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the
USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe
with respect to hexachlorocyclopentadiene.
70) Oxamyl. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that oxamyl is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used as a pesticide for the
control of insects and other pests. It may get into drinking water by runoff into
surface water or leaching into groundwater. This chemical has been shown to
damage the kidneys of laboratory animals such as rats when exposed at high levels
during their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for oxamyl at 0.2
parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of
this risk and is considered safe with respect to oxamyl.
71) Picloram. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that picloram is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used as a pesticide for
broadleaf weed control. It may get into drinking water by runoff into surface water
or leaching into groundwater as a result of pesticide application and improper
waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause damage to the kidneys and
liver in laboratory animals such as rats when the animals are exposed to high levels
during their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for picloram at
0.5 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health
effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to
none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to picloram.
72) Simazine. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that simazine is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is a herbicide used to control
annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. It may leach into groundwater or run off into
surface water after application. This chemical may cause cancer in laboratory
animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high levels during
their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may
increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of time.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for simazine at 0.004 parts per million
188
(ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or adverse health effects. Drinking water that
meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to simazine.
73) 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that 1,2,4-trichloro-
benzene is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is
used as a dye carrier and as a precursor in herbicide manufacture. It generally gets
into drinking water by discharges from industrial activities. This chemical has
been shown to cause damage to several organs, including the adrenal glands.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at 0.07 parts
per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of
this risk and is considered safe with respect to 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene.
74) 1,1,2-Trichloroethane. The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that 1,1,2-trichloro-
ethane is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is
an intermediate in the production of 1,1-dichloroethylene. It generally gets into
water by industrial discharge of wastes. This chemical has been shown to damage
the kidney and liver of laboratory animals such as rats exposed to high levels
during their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for 1,1,2-tri-
chloroethane at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these
adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
1,1,2-trichloroethane.
75) 2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin). The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that dioxin is a health
concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is an impurity in the
production of some pesticides. It may get into drinking water by industrial
discharge of wastes. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory
animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high levels during
their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may
increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of time.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for dioxin at 0.00000003 parts per
million (ppm) to protect against the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of
this risk and is considered safe with respect to dioxin.
76) Chlorine. The USEPA sets drinking water standards and has determined that
chlorine is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. Chlorine is added to
drinking water as a disinfectant to kill bacteria and other disease-causing
microorganisms and is also added to provide continuous disinfection throughout the
distribution system. Disinfection is required for surface water systems. However,
at high doses for extended periods of time, chlorine has been shown to affect blood
189
and the liver in laboratory animals. USEPA has set a drinking water standard for
chlorine to protect against the risk of these adverse effects. Drinking water which
meets this USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and should
be considered safe with respect to chlorine.
77) Chloramines. The USEPA sets drinking water standards and has determined that
chloramines are a health concern at certain levels of exposure. Chloramines are
added to drinking water as a disinfectant to kill bacteria and other disease-causing
microorganisms and are also added to provide continuous disinfection throughout
the distribution system. Disinfection is required for surface water systems.
However, at high doses for extended periods of time, chloramines have been shown
to affect blood and the liver in laboratory animals. USEPA has set a drinking water
standard for chloramines to protect against the risk of these adverse effects.
Drinking water which meets this USEPA standard is associated with little to none
of this risk and should be considered safe with respect to chloramines.
78) Chlorine dioxide. The USEPA sets drinking water standards and has determined
that chlorine dioxide is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. Chlorine
dioxide is used in water treatment to kill bacteria and other disease-causing
microorganisms and can be used to control tastes and odors. Disinfection is
required for surface water systems. However, at high doses, chlorine
dioxide-treated drinking water has been shown to affect blood in laboratory
animals. Also, high levels of chlorine dioxide given to laboratory animals in
drinking water have been shown to cause neurological effects on the developing
nervous system. These neurodevelopmental effects may occur as a result of a
short-term excessive chlorine dioxide exposure. To protect against such potentially
harmful exposures, USEPA requires chlorine dioxide monitoring at the treatment
plant, where disinfection occurs, and at representative points in the distribution
system serving water users. USEPA has set a drinking water standard for chlorine
dioxide to protect against the risk of these adverse effects.
Note: In addition to the language in this introductory text of subsection
(78), systems must include either the language in subsection (78)(a) or
(78)(b) of this Appendix. Systems with a violation at the treatment plant,
but not in the distribution system, are required to use the language in
subsection (78)(a) and treat the violation as a nonacute violation. Systems
with a violation in the distribution system are required to use the language
in subsection (78)(b) of this Appendix and treat the violation as an acute
violation.
a) The chlorine dioxide violations reported today are the result of
exceedences at the treatment facility only, and do not include violations
within the distribution system serving users of this water supply. Continued
compliance with chlorine dioxide levels within the distribution system
minimizes the potential risk of these violations to present consumers.
190
b) The chlorine dioxide violations reported today include exceedences of the
USEPA standard within the distribution system serving water users.
Violations of the chlorine dioxide standard within the distribution system
may harm human health based on short-term exposures. Certain groups,
including pregnant women, infants, and young children, may be especially
susceptible to adverse effects of excessive exposure to chlorine
dioxide-treated water. The purpose of this notice is to advise that such
persons should consider reducing their risk of adverse effects from these
chlorine dioxide violations by seeking alternate sources of water for human
consumption until such exceedences are rectified. Local and State health
authorities are the best sources for information concerning alternate
drinking water.
79) Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and treatment technique for DBPs. The USEPA
sets drinking water standards and requires the disinfection of drinking water.
However, when used in the treatment of drinking water, disinfectants react with
naturally-occurring organic and inorganic matter present in water to form chemicals
called disinfection byproducts (DBPs). USEPA has determined that a number of
DBPs are a health concern at certain levels of exposure. Certain DBPs, including
some trihalomethanes (THMs) and some haloacetic acids (HAAs), have been
shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals. Other DBPs have been shown to
affect the liver and the nervous system, and cause reproductive or developmental
effects in laboratory animals. Exposure to certain DBPs may produce similar
effects in people. USEPA has set standards to limit exposure to THMs, HAAs, and
other DBPs.
80) Bromate. The USEPA sets drinking water standards and has determined that
bromate is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. Bromate is formed as a
byproduct of ozone disinfection of drinking water. Ozone reacts with naturally
occurring bromide in the water to form bromate. Bromate has been shown to
produce cancer in rats. USEPA has set a drinking water standard to limit exposure
to bromate.
81) Chlorite. The USEPA sets drinking water standards and has determined that
chlorite is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. Chlorite is formed from
the breakdown of chlorine dioxide, a drinking water disinfectant. Chlorite in
drinking water has been shown to affect blood and the developing nervous system.
USEPA has set a drinking water standard for chlorite to protect against these
effects. Drinking water which meets this standard is associated with little to none
of these risks and should be considered safe with respect to chlorite.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from Appendix A to Subpart O to 40 CFR 141.32(e) (1998) (1999), as
added at 65 Fed. Reg. 26024 (May 4, 1999).
(Source: Former Section 611.Appendix A repealed and new Section 611.Appendix A adopted at
25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
191
Section 611.Appendix E
Mandatory Lead Public Education Information for Community Water
Systems
1)
INTRODUCTION
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and [insert name of water supplier]
are concerned about lead in your drinking water. Although most homes have very low levels of
lead in their drinking water, some homes in the community have lead levels above the USEPA
action level of 15 parts per billion (ppb), or 0.015 milligrams of lead per liter of water (mg/L).
Under Federal law we are required to have a program in place to minimize lead in your drinking
water by [insert date when corrosion control will be completed for your system]. This program
includes corrosion control treatment, source water treatment, and public education. We are also
required to replace the portion of each lead service line that we control own if the line contributes
lead concentrations of more than 15 ppb after we have completed the comprehensive treatment
program. If you have any questions about how we are carrying out the requirements of the lead
regulation please give us a call at [insert water system’s phone number]. This brochure explains
the simple steps you can take to protect you and your family by reducing your exposure to lead in
drinking water.
2)
HEALTH EFFECTS OF LEAD
Lead is a common metal found throughout the environment in lead-based paint,; air,; soil,;
household dust,; food,; certain types of pottery, porcelain, and pewter,; and water. Lead can pose
a significant risk to your health if too much of it enters your body. Lead builds up in the body over
many years and can cause damage to the brain, red blood cells, and kidneys. The greatest risk is to
young children and pregnant women. Amounts of lead that won’t hurt adults can slow down
normal mental and physical development of growing bodies. In addition, a child at play often
comes into contact with sources of lead contamination -- like dirt and dust -- that rarely affect an
adult. It is important to wash children’s hands and toys often, and to try to make sure they only put
food in their mouths.
3)
LEAD IN DRINKING WATER
A)
Lead in drinking water, although rarely the sole cause of lead poisoning, can
significantly increase a person’s total lead exposure, particularly the exposure of
infants who drink baby formulas and concentrated juices that are mixed with water.
The EPA estimates that drinking water can make up 20 percent or more of a
person’s total exposure to lead.
B)
Lead is unusual among drinking water contaminants in that it seldom occurs
naturally in water supplies like rivers and lakes. Lead enters drinking water
primarily as a result of the corrosion, or wearing away, of materials containing
lead in the water distribution system and household plumbing. These materials
include lead-based solder used to join copper pipe, brass and chrome plated brass
faucets, and in some cases, pipes made of lead that connect your house to the water
192
main (service lines). In 1986, Congress banned the use of lead solder containing
greater than 0.2% lead, and restricted the lead content of faucets, pipes and other
plumbing materials to 8.0%.
C)
When water stands in lead pipes or plumbing systems containing lead for several
hours or more, the lead may dissolve into your drinking water. This means the first
water drawn from the tap in the morning, or later in the afternoon after returning
from work or school, can contain fairly high levels of lead.
4)
STEPS YOU CAN TAKE IN THE HOME TO REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LEAD IN
DRINKING WATER
A)
Despite our best efforts mentioned earlier to control water corrosivity and remove
lead from the water supply, lead levels in some homes or buildings can be high. To
find out whether you need to take action in your own home, have your drinking
water tested to determine if it contains excessive concentrations of lead. Testing
the water is essential because you cannot see, taste, or smell lead in drinking
water. Some local laboratories that can provide this service are listed at the end of
this booklet. For more information on having your water tested, please call [insert
phone number of water system].
B)
If a water test indicates that the drinking water drawn from a tap in your home
contains lead above 15 ppb, then you should take the following precautions:
i)
Let the water run from the tap before using it for drinking or cooking any
time the water in a faucet has gone unused for more than six hours. The
longer water resides in your home’s plumbing the more lead it may contain.
Flushing the tap means running the cold water faucet until the water gets
noticeably colder, usually about 15-30 seconds. If your house has a lead
service line to the water main, you may have to flush the water for a longer
time, perhaps one minute, before drinking. Although toilet flushing or
showering flushes water through a portion of your home’s plumbing system,
you still need to flush the water in each faucet before using it for drinking or
cooking. Flushing tap water is a simple and inexpensive measure you can
take to protect your family’s health. It usually uses less than one or two
gallons of water and costs less than [insert a cost estimate based on flushing
two times a day for 30 days] per month. To conserve water, fill a couple of
bottles for drinking water after flushing the tap, and whenever possible use
the first flush water to wash the dishes or water the plants. If you live in a
high-rise building, letting the water flow before using it may not work to
lessen your risk from lead. The plumbing systems have more, and
sometimes larger pipes than smaller buildings. Ask your landlord for help
in locating the source of the lead and for advice on reducing the lead level.
ii)
Try not to cook with, or drink water from the hot water tap. Hot water can
dissolve more lead more quickly than cold water. If you need hot water,
193
draw water from the cold tap and heat it on the stove.
iii)
Remove loose lead solder and debris from the plumbing materials installed
in newly constructed homes, or homes in which the plumbing has recently
been replaced, by removing the faucet strainers from all taps and running
the water from 3 to 5 minutes. Thereafter, periodically remove the strainers
and flush out any debris that has accumulated over time.
iv)
If your copper pipes are joined with lead solder that has been installed
illegally since it was banned in 1986, notify the plumber who did the work
and request that he or she replace the lead solder with lead-free solder.
Lead solder looks dull gray, and when scratched with a key looks shiny. In
addition, notify your State [insert name of department responsible for
enforcing the Safe Drinking Water Act in your State] the Illinois
Environmental Protection Agency about the violation.
v)
Determine whether or not the service line that connects your home or
apartment to the water main is made of lead. The best way to determine if
your service line is made of lead is by either hiring a licensed plumber to
inspect the line or by contacting the plumbing contractor who installed the
line. You can identify the plumbing contractor by checking the city’s record
of building permits which should be maintained in the files of the [insert
name of department that issues building permits]. A licensed plumber can
at the same time check to see if your homes’s home’s plumbing contains
lead solder, lead pipes, or pipe fittings that contain lead. The public water
system that delivers water to your home should also maintain records of the
materials located in the distribution system. If the service line that connects
your dwelling to the water main contributes more than 15 ppb to drinking
water, after our comprehensive treatment program is in place, we are
required to replace the portion of the line that we own. If the line is only
partially controlled owned by the [insert name of the city, county, or water
system that controls the line], we are required to provide you the owner of
the privately-owned portion of the line with information on how to replace
your the privately-owned portion of the service line, and offer to replace
that portion of the line at your the owner’s expense and take a follow-up tap
water sample within 14 days of the replacement. If we replace only the
portion of the line that we own, we also are required to notify you in
advance and provide you with information on the steps that you can take to
minimize exposure to any temporary increase in lead levels which may
result from the partial replacement, to take a follow-up sample at our
expense from the line within 72 hours after the partial replacement, and to
mail or otherwise provide you with the results of that sample within three
business days after receiving the results. Acceptable replacement
alternatives include copper, steel, iron, and plastic pipes.
vi)
Have an electrician check your wiring. If grounding wires from the
194
electrical system are attached to your pipes, corrosion may be greater.
Check with a licensed electrician or your local electrical code to determine
if your wiring can be grounded elsewhere. DO NOT attempt to change the
wiring yourself because improper grounding can cause electrical shock and
fire hazards.
C)
The steps described above will reduce the lead concentrations in your drinking
water. However, if a water test indicates that the drinking water coming from your
tap contains lead concentrations in excess of 15 ppb after flushing, or after we have
completed our actions to minimize lead levels, then you may want to take the
following additional measures:
i)
Purchase or lease a home treatment device. Home treatment devices are
limited in that each unit treats only the water that flows from the faucet to
which it is connected, and all of the devices require periodic maintenance
and replacement. Devices such as reverse osmosis systems or distillers can
effectively remove lead from your drinking water. Some activated carbon
filters may reduce lead levels at the tap, however all lead reduction claims
should be investigated. Be sure to check the actual performance of a
specific home treatment device before and after installing the unit.
ii)
Purchase bottled water for drinking and cooking.
D)
You can consult a variety of sources for additional information. Your family
doctor or pediatrician can perform a blood test for lead and provide you with
information about the health effects of lead. State and local government agencies
that can be contacted include the following:
i)
[insert the name of city or county department of public utilities] at [insert
phone number] can provide you with information about your community’s
water supply, and a list of local laboratories that have been certified by
EPA for testing water quality;
ii)
[insert the name of city or county department that issues building permits] at
[insert phone number] can provide you with information about building
permit records that should contain the names of plumbing contractors that
plumbed your home; and
iii)
[insert the name of the State Department of Public Health] The Illinois
Department of Public Health at [insert phone number] 217-782-4977 or
312-814-2608 or the [insert the name of the city or county health
department] at [insert phone number] can provide you with information
about the health effects of lead and how you can have your child’s blood
tested.
E)
The following is a list of some State-approved laboratories in your area that you
195
can call to have your water tested for lead. [Insert names and phone numbers of at
least two laboratories.].
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.85(a)(1) (1992) (1999), as renumbered and amended
at 65 Fed. Reg. 2005 (Jan. 12, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.Appendix F
Converting Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) Compliance
Values for Consumer Confidence ReportsMandatory Lead Public
Education Information for Non-Transient Non-Community Water
Systems
1) INTRODUCTION
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and [insert name of water supplier]
are concerned about lead in your drinking water. Some drinking water samples taken from this
facility have lead levels above the USEPA action level of 15 parts per billion (ppb), or 0.015
milligrams of lead per liter of water (mg/L). Under Federal law we are required to have a
program in place to minimize lead in your drinking water by [insert date when corrosion control
will be completed for your system]. This program includes corrosion control treatment, source
water treatment, and public education. We are also required to replace the portion of each lead
service line that we own if the line contributes lead concentrations of more than 15 ppb after we
have completed the comprehensive treatment program. If you have any questions about how we
are carrying out the requirements of the lead regulation please give us a call at [insert water
system’s phone number]. This brochure explains the simple steps you can take to protect you and
your family by reducing your exposure to lead in drinking water.
2) HEALTH EFFECTS OF LEAD
Lead is found throughout the environment in lead-based paint; air; soil; household dust; food;
certain types of pottery, porcelain, and pewter; and water. Lead can pose a significant risk to your
health if too much of it enters your body. Lead builds up in the body over many years and can
cause damage to the brain, red blood cells, and kidneys. The greatest risk is to young children and
pregnant women. Amounts of lead that won’t hurt adults can slow down normal mental and
physical development of growing bodies. In addition, a child at play often comes into contact with
sources of lead contamination -- like dirt and dust -- that rarely affect an adult. It is important to
wash children’s hands and toys often, and to try to make sure they only put food in their mouths.
3) LEAD IN DRINKING WATER
A) Lead in drinking water, although rarely the sole cause of lead poisoning, can
significantly increase a person’s total lead exposure, particularly the exposure of
infants who drink baby formulas and concentrated juices that are mixed with water.
The EPA estimates that drinking water can make up 20 percent or more of a
person’s total exposure to lead.
196
B) Lead is unusual among drinking water contaminants in that it seldom occurs
naturally in water supplies like rivers and lakes. Lead enters drinking water
primarily as a result of the corrosion, or wearing away, of materials containing
lead in the water distribution system and household plumbing. These materials
include lead-based solder used to join copper pipe, brass and chrome plated brass
faucets, and in some cases, pipes made of lead that connect houses and buildings to
the water main (service lines). In 1986, Congress banned the use of lead solder
containing greater than 0.2% lead, and restricted the lead content of faucets, pipes
and other plumbing materials to 8.0%.
C) When water stands in lead pipes or plumbing systems containing lead for several
hours or more, the lead may dissolve into your drinking water. This means the first
water drawn from the tap in the morning, or later in the afternoon after returning
from work or school, can contain fairly high levels of lead.
4) STEPS YOU CAN TAKE TO REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LEAD IN DRINKING WATER
A) Let the water run from the tap before using it for drinking or cooking any time the
water in a faucet has gone unused for more than six hours. The longer water
resides in plumbing the more lead it may contain. Flushing the tap means running
the cold water faucet until the water gets noticeably colder, usually about 15-30
seconds. Although toilet flushing or showering flushes water through a portion of
the plumbing system, you still need to flush the water in each faucet before using it
for drinking or cooking. Flushing tap water is a simple and inexpensive measure
you can take to protect your family’s health. It usually uses less than one gallon.
B) Do not cook with or drink water from the hot water tap. Hot water can dissolve
more lead more quickly than cold water. If you need hot water, draw water from
the cold tap and heat it.
C) The steps described above will reduce the lead concentrations in your drinking
water. However, if you are still concerned, you may wish to use bottled water for
drinking and cooking.
D) You can consult a variety of sources for additional information. Your family
doctor or pediatrician can perform a blood test for lead and provide you with
information about the health effects of lead. State and local government agencies
that can be contacted include the following:
i) [insert the name or title of facility official if appropriate] at [insert phone
number] can provide you with information about your facility’s water
supply; and
ii) The Illinois Department of Public Health at 217-782-4977 or 312-814-
2608 or the [insert the name of the city or county health department] at
197
[insert phone number] can provide you with information about the health
effects of lead.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.85(a)(2), as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 2006 (Jan. 12,
2000). The Department of Public Health (Department) regulates non-community water supplies,
including non-transient, non-community water supplies. The Department has incorporated this Part
into its regulations at 77 Ill. Adm. Code 900.15(a)(2)(A) and 900-20(k)(2). Thus, the Board has
included the notice language of 40 CFR 141.85(a)(2) as this Section for the purposes of facilitating
federal review and authorization of the Illinois drinking water regulations.
Key
AL=Action Level
MCL=Maximum Contaminant Level
MCLG=Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
MFL=million fibers per liter
mrem/year=millirems per year (a measure of radiation absorbed by the body)
NTU=Nephelometric Turbidity Units
pCi/L=picocuries per liter (a measure of radioactivity)
ppm=parts per million, or milligrams per liter (mg/L)
ppb=parts per billion, or micrograms per liter (
μ
g/L)
ppt=parts per trillion, or nanograms per liter
ppq=parts per quadrillion, or picograms per liter
TT=Treatment Technique
Contaminant
MCL in
compliance
units (mg/L)
multiply by . . .
MCL in CCR
units
MCLG
in CCR
units
Microbiological Contaminants
1. Total Coliform Bacteria
(systems that
collect 40 or
more samples
per month) 5%
of monthly
samples are
positive;
(systems that
collect fewer
than 40
samples per
month) 1
positive
monthly
sample.
0
2. Fecal coliform and E. coli
A routine
sample and a
0
198
repeat sample
are total
coliform
positive, and
one is also
fecal coliform
or E. coli
positive.
3. Turbidity
TT (NTU)
n/a
Radioactive Contaminants
4. Beta/photon emitters
4 mrem/yr
4 mrem/yr
0
5. Alpha emitters
15 pCi/L
15 pCi/L
0
6. Combined radium
5 pCi/L
5 pCi/L
0
Inorganic Contaminants
7. Antimony
0.006
1000
6 ppb
6
8. Arsenic
0.05
1000
50 ppb
n/a
9. Asbestos
7 MFL
7 MFL
7
10. Barium
2
2 ppm
2
11. Beryllium
0.004
1000
4 ppb
4
12. Cadmium
0.005
1000
5 ppb
5
13. Chromium
0.1
1000
100 ppb
100
14. Copper
AL=1.3
AL=1.3 ppm
1.3
15. Cyanide
0.2
1000
200 ppb
200
16. Fluoride
4
4 ppm
4
17. Lead
AL=.015
1000
AL=15 ppb
0
18. Mercury (inorganic)
0.002
1000
2 ppb
2
19. Nitrate (as Nitrogen)
10
10 ppm
10
20. Nitrite (as Nitrogen)
1
1 ppm
1
21. Selenium
0.05
1000
50 ppb
50
22. Thallium
0.002
1000
2 ppb
0.5
Synthetic Organic Contaminants
Including Pesticides and Herbicides
23. 2,4-D
0.07
1000
70 ppb
70
24. 2,4,5-TP [Silvex]
0.05
1000
50 ppb
50
25. Acrylamide
TT
0
26. Alachlor
0.002
1000
2 ppb
0
27. Atrazine
0.003
1000
3 ppb
3
28. Benzo(a)pyrene [PAH]
0.0002
1,000,000
200 ppt
0
29. Carbofuran
0.04
1000
40 ppb
40
30. Chlordane
0.002
1000
2 ppb
0
31. Dalapon
0.2
1000
200 ppb
200
32. Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
0.4
1000
400 ppb
400
33. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
0.006
1000
6 ppb
0
34. Dibromochloropropane
0.0002
1,000,000
200 ppt
0
35. Dinoseb
0.007
1000
7 ppb
7
36. Diquat
0.02
1000
20 ppb
20
199
37. Dioxin [2,3,7,8-TCDD]
0.00000003
1,000,000,000
30 ppq
0
38. Endothall
0.1
1000
100 ppb
100
39. Endrin
0.002
1000
2 ppb
2
40. Epichlorohydrin
TT
0
41. Ethylene dibromide
0.00005
1,000,000
50 ppt
0
42. Glyphosate
0.7
1000
700 ppb
700
43. Heptachlor
0.0004
1,000,000
400 ppt
0
44. Heptachlor epoxide
0.0002
1,000,000
200 ppt
0
45. Hexachlorobenzene
0.001
1000
1 ppb
0
46. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
0.05
1000
50 ppb
50
47. Lindane
0.0002
1,000,000
200 ppt
200
48. Methoxychlor
0.04
1000
40 ppb
40
49. Oxamyl [Vydate]
0.2
1000
200 ppb
200
50. PCBs [Polychlorinated
biphenyls]
0.0005
1,000,000
500 ppt
0
51. Pentachlorophenol
0.001
1000
1 ppb
0
52. Picloram
0.5
1000
500 ppb
500
53. Simazine
0.004
1000
4 ppb
4
54. Toxaphene
0.003
1000
3 ppb
0
Volatile Organic Contaminants
55. Benzene
0.005
1000
5 ppb
0
56. Carbon tetrachloride
0.005
1000
5 ppb
0
57. Chlorobenzene
0.1
1000
100 ppb
100
58. o-Dichlorobenzene
0.6
1000
600 ppb
600
59. p-Dichlorobenzene
0.075
1000
75 ppb
75
60. 1,2-Dichloroethane
0.005
1000
5 ppb
0
61. 1,1-Dichloroethylene
0.007
1000
7 ppb
7
62. cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
0.07
1000
70 ppb
70
63. trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene
0.1
1000
100 ppb
100
64. Dichloromethane
0.005
1000
5 ppb
0
65. 1,2-Dichloropropane
0.005
1000
5 ppb
0
66. Ethylbenzene
0.7
1000
700 ppb
700
67. Styrene
0.1
1000
100 ppb
100
68. Tetrachloroethylene
0.005
1000
5 ppb
0
69. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
0.07
1000
70 ppb
70
70. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
0.2
1000
200 ppb
200
71. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
0.005
1000
5 ppb
3
72. Trichloroethylene
0.005
1000
5 ppb
0
73. TTHMs [Total trihalomethanes]
0.10
1000
100 ppb
n/a
74. Toluene
1
1 ppm
1
75. Vinyl Chloride
0.002
1000
2 ppb
0
76. Xylenes
10
10 ppm
10
BOARD NOTE: Derived from Appendix A to Subpart O, 40 CFR Subpart O (1998).
(Source: Former Section 611.Appendix F repealed and new Section 611.Appendix F adopted at
200
25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.Appendix G
Regulated ContaminantsNPDWR Violations and Situations
Requiring Public Notice
See note 1 at the end of this Appendix for an explanation of the Agency’s authority to alter the
magnitude of a violation from that set forth in the following table.
MCL/MRDL/TT violations
2
Monitoring & testing
procedure violations
Contaminant
Tier of
public
notice
required
Citation
Tier of
public
notice
required
Citation
I. Violations of National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR):
3
A. Microbiological Contaminants
1. Total coliform
2
611.325(a)
3
611.521-
611.525
2. Fecal coliform/E. coli
1
611.325(b)
4
1, 3
611.525
3. Turbidity MCL
2
611.320(a)
3
611.560
4. Turbidity MCL (average of 2
days’ samples >5 NTU)
5
2, 1
611.320(b)
3
611.560
5. Turbidity (for TT violations
resulting from a single
exceedance of maximum
allowable turbidity level)
6
2, 1
611.231(b),
611.233(b)(1),
611.250(a)(2),
611.250(b)(2),
611.250(c)(2),
611.250(d),
611.743(a)(2),
611.743(b)
3
611.531(a),
611.532(b),
611.533(a),
611.744
6. Surface Water Treatment Rule
violations, other than violations
resulting from single exceedance
of max. allowable turbidity level
(TT)
2
611.211,
611.213,
611.220,
611.230-
611.233,
611.240-
611.242,
611.250
3
611.531-
611.533
7. Interim Enhanced Surface
Water Treatment Rule violations,
other than violations resulting
from single exceedance of max.
turbidity level (TT)
2
7
611.740-
611.743
3
611.742,
611.744
201
B. Inorganic Chemicals (IOCs)
1. Antimony
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.603
2. Arsenic
2
611.300(b),
611.612(c)
3
611.100,
611.101,
611.612
3. Asbestos (fibers >10 m)
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.602
4. Barium
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.603
5. Beryllium
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.603
6. Cadmium
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.603
7. Chromium (total)
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.603
8. Cyanide
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.603
9. Fluoride
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.603
10. Mercury (inorganic)
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.603
11. Nitrate
1
611.301(b)
8
1, 3
611.600,
611.601,
611.604,
611.606
12. Nitrite
1
611.301(b)
8
1, 3
611.600,
611.601,
611.605,
611.606
13. Total Nitrate and Nitrite
1
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601
14. Selenium
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.603
202
15. Thallium
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.603
C. Lead and Copper Rule (Action Level for lead is 0.015 mg/L, for copper is 1.3 mg/L)
1. Lead and Copper Rule (TT)
2
611.350-
611.355
3
611.356-
611.359
D. Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs)
1. 2,4-D
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
2. 2,4,5-TP (
silvex
)
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
3. Alachlor
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
4. Atrazine
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
5. Benzo(a)pyrene (PAHs)
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
6. Carbofuran
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
7. Chlordane
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
8. Dalapon
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
9. Di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
10. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
11. Dibromochloropropane
(DBCP)
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
12. Dinoseb
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
13. Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
14. Diquat
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
15. Endothall
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
16. Endrin
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
17. Ethylene dibromide
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
18. Glyphosate
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
19. Heptachlor
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
20. Heptachlor epoxide
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
21. Hexachlorobenzene
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
22. Hexachlorocyclo-pentadiene
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
23. Lindane
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
24. Methoxychlor
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
25. Oxamyl (Vydate)
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
26. Pentachlorophenol
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
27. Picloram
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
28. Polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs)
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
29. Simazine
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
30. Toxaphene
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
E. Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs)
1. Benzene
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
2. Carbon tetrachloride
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
203
3. Chlorobenzene
(monochlorobenzene)
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
4. o-Dichlorobenzene
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
5. p-Dichlorobenzene
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
6. 1,2-Dichloroethane
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
7. 1,1-Dichloroethylene
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
8. cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
9. trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
10. Dichloromethane
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
11. 1,2-Dichloropropane
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
12. Ethylbenzene
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
13. Styrene
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
14. Tetrachloroethylene
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
15. Toluene
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
16. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
17. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
18. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
19. Trichloroethylene
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
20. Vinyl chloride
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
21. Xylenes (total)
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
F. Radioactive Contaminants
1. Beta/photon emitters
2
611.331
3
611.720(a),
611.732
2. Alpha emitters
2
611.330(b)
3
611.720(a),
611.731
3. Combined radium (226 &
228)
2
611.330(a)
3
611.720(a),
611.731
G. Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs), Byproduct Precursors, Disinfectant Residuals. Where
disinfection is used in the treatment of drinking water, disinfectants combine with organic and
inorganic matter present in water to form chemicals called disinfection byproducts (DBPs). EPA
sets standards for controlling the levels of disinfectants and DBPs in drinking water, including
trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs).
9
1. Total trihalomethanes
(TTHMs)
2
10
611.310,
611.312(a)
3
611.680-
611.688,
611.382(a)-(b)
2. Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)
2
611.312(a)
3
611.382(a)-(b)
3. Bromate
2
611.312(a)
3
611.382(a)-(b)
4. Chlorite
2
611.312(a)
3
611.382(a)-(b)
5. Chlorine (MRDL)
2
611.313(a)
3
611.382(a), (c)
6. Chloramine (MRDL)
2
611.313(a)
3
611.382(a), (c)
204
7. Chlorine dioxide (MRDL),
where any 2 consecutive daily
samples at entrance to
distribution system only are
above MRDL
2
611.313(a),
611.383(c)(3)
2
11
, 3
611.382(a), (c),
611.383(c)(2)
8. Chlorine dioxide (MRDL),
where sample(s) in distribution
system the next day are also
above MRDL
12
1
611.313(a),
611.383(c)(3)
1
611.382(a), (c),
611.383(c)(2)
9. Control of DBP precursors--
TOC (TT)
2
611.385(a)-(b)
3
611.382(a), (d)
10. Benchmarking and
disinfection profiling
N/A
N/A
3
611.742
11. Development of monitoring
plan
N/A
N/A
3
611.382(f)
H. Other Treatment Techniques
1. Acrylamide (TT)
2
611.296
N/A
N/A
2. Epichlorohydrin (TT)
2
611.296
N/A
N/A
II. Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring:
13
A. Unregulated contaminants
N/A
N/A
3
611.510
B. Nickel
N/A
N/A
3
611.603,
611.611
III. Public Notification for Relief Equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415 Variance or a Section 1416
Exemption:
A. Operation under relief
equivalent to a SDWA Section
1415 variance or a Section 1416
exemption
3
14
1415, 1416
N/A
N/A
B. Violation of conditions of
relief equivalent to a SDWA
Section 1415 variance or a
Section 1416 exemption
2
1415, 1416,
15
611.111,
611.112
N/A
N/A
IV. Other Situations Requiring Public Notification:
A. Fluoride secondary maximum
contaminant level (SMCL)
exceedance
3
611.858
N/A
N/A
B. Exceedance of nitrate MCL
for non-community systems, as
allowed by the Agency
1
611.300(d)
N/A
N/A
C. Availability of unregulated
contaminant monitoring data
3
611.510
N/A
N/A
205
D. Waterborne disease outbreak
1
611.101,
611.233(b)(2)
N/A
N/A
E. Other waterborne emergency
16
1
N/A
N/A
N/A
F. Other situations as determined
by the Agency by a SEP issued
pursuant to Section 611.110
1, 2, 3
N/A
N/A
N/A
Appendix G--Endnotes
1. Violations and other situations not listed in this table (e.g., reporting violations and failure to
prepare Consumer Confidence Reports), do not require notice, unless otherwise determined by the
Agency by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110. The Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant
to Section 611.110, further require a more stringent public notice tier (e.g., Tier 1 instead of Tier 2
or Tier 2 instead of Tier 3) for specific violations and situations listed in this Appendix, as
authorized under Sections 611.902(a) and 611.903(a).
2. Definition of the abbreviations used: “MCL” means maximum contaminant level, “MRDL”
means maximum residual disinfectant level, and “TT” means treatment technique
3. The term “violations of National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR)” is used here
to include violations of MCL, MRDL, treatment technique, monitoring, and testing procedure
requirements.
4. Failure to test for fecal coliform or E. coli is a Tier 1 violation if testing is not done after any
repeat sample tests positive for coliform. All other total coliform monitoring and testing
procedure violations are Tier 3 violations.
5. A supplier that violates the turbidity MCL of 5 NTU based on an average of measurements over
two consecutive days must consult with the Agency within 24 hours after learning of the violation.
Based on this consultation, the Agency may subsequently decide to issue a SEP issued pursuant to
Section 611.110 that elevates the violation to a Tier 1 violation. If a system is unable to make
contact with the Agency in the 24-hour period, the violation is automatically elevated to a Tier 1
violation.
6. A supplier with a treatment technique violation involving a single exceedance of a maximum
turbidity limit under the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) or the Interim Enhanced Surface
Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR) are required to consult with the Agency within 24 hours after
learning of the violation. Based on this consultation, the Agency may subsequently decide to issue
a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that elevates the violation to a Tier 1 violation. If a system is
unable to make contact with the Agency in the 24-hour period, the violation is automatically
elevated to a Tier 1 violation.
7. Most of the requirements of the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (63 FR 69477)
(Secs. 611.740-611.741, 611.743-611.744) become effective January 1, 2002 for a Subpart B
supplier (surface water systems and groundwater systems under the direct influence of surface
206
water) that serves at least 10,000 persons. However, Section 611.742 is currently effective. The
Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) remains in effect for systems serving at least 10,000
persons even after 2002; the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule adds additional
requirements and does not in many cases supercede the SWTR.
8. Failure to take a confirmation sample within 24 hours for nitrate or nitrite after an initial sample
exceeds the MCL is a Tier 1 violation. Other monitoring violations for nitrate are Tier 3.
9. A Subpart B community or non-transient non-community system supplier that serves 10,000
persons or more must comply with new DBP MCLs, disinfectant MRDLs, and related monitoring
requirements beginning January 1, 2002. All other community and non-transient non-community
systems must meet the MCLs and MRDLs beginning January 1, 2004. A Subpart B transient non-
community system supplier serving 10,000 or more persons that uses chlorine dioxide as a
disinfectant or oxidant must comply with the chlorine dioxide MRDL beginning January 1, 2002.
A Subpart B transient non-community system supplier that serves fewer than 10,000 persons,
which uses only groundwater not under the direct influence of surface water, and which uses
chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant or oxidant must comply with the chlorine dioxide MRDL
beginning January 1, 2004.
10. Section 611.310 will no longer apply after January 1, 2004.
11. Failure to monitor for chlorine dioxide at the entrance to the distribution system the day after
exceeding the MRDL at the entrance to the distribution system is a Tier 2 violation.
12. If any daily sample taken at the entrance to the distribution system exceeds the MRDL for
chlorine dioxide and one or more samples taken in the distribution system the next day exceed the
MRDL, Tier 1 notification is required. A failure to take the required samples in the distribution
system after the MRDL is exceeded at the entry point also triggers Tier 1 notification.
13. Some water suppliers must monitor for certain unregulated contaminants listed in Section
611.510.
14. This citation refers to Sections 1415 and 1416 of the federal Safe Drinking Water Act.
Sections 1415 and 1416 require that “a schedule prescribed . . . for a public water system granted
relief equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415 variance or a Section 1416 exemption shall require
compliance by the system . . ..”
15. In addition to Sections 1415 and 1416 of the federal Safe Drinking Water Act, 40 CFR
142.307 specifies the items and schedule milestones that must be included in relief equivalent to a
SDWA Section 1415 small system variance. In granting any from of relief from an NPDWR, the
Board will consider all applicable federal requirements for and limitations on the State’s ability to
grant relief consistent with federal law.
16. Other waterborne emergencies require a Tier 1 public notice under Section 611.902(a) for
situations that do not meet the definition of a waterborne disease outbreak given in Section
611.101, but which still have the potential to have serious adverse effects on health as a result of
207
short-term exposure. These could include outbreaks not related to treatment deficiencies, as well
as situations that have the potential to cause outbreaks, such as failures or significant interruption
in water treatment processes, natural disasters that disrupt the water supply or distribution system,
chemical spills, or unexpected loading of possible pathogens into the source water.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from Appendix A to Subpart Q to 40 CFR 141, as added at 65 Fed.
Reg. 26040 (May 4, 2000).
Key
AL=Action Level
MCL=Maximum Contaminant Level
MCLG=Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
MFL=million fibers per liter
mrem/year=millirems per year (a measure of radiation absorbed by the body)
NTU=Nephelometric Turbidity Units
pCi/L=picocuries per liter (a measure of radioactivity)
ppm=parts per million, or milligrams per liter (mg/L)
ppb=parts per billion, or micrograms per liter (
μ
g/L)
ppt=parts per trillion, or nanograms per liter
ppq=parts per quadrillion, or picograms per liter
TT=Treatment Technique
Contaminant (units)
MCLG
MCL
Major sources in drinking
water
Microbiological Contaminants
1. Total Coliform Bacteria
0
(systems that
collect 40 or
more samples
per month)
5% of
monthly
samples are
positive;
(systems that
collect fewer
than 40
samples per
month) 1
positive
sample
Naturally present in the
environment
2. Fecal coliform and E. coli
0
A routine
sample and a
repeat sample
are fecal
coliform
Human and animal fecal
waste
208
positive, and
one is also
fecal coliform
or E. coli
positive
3. Turbidity
n/a
TT
Soil runoff
Radioactive Contaminants
4. Beta/photon emitters
(mrem/yr)
0
4
Decay of natural and man-
made deposits
5. Alpha emitters (pCi/L)
0
15
Erosion of natural deposits
6. Combined radium (pCi/L)
0
5
Erosion of natural deposits
Inorganic Contaminants
7. Antimony (ppb)
6
6
Discharge from petroleum
refineries; Fire retardants;
Ceramics; Electronics;
Solder
8. Arsenic (ppb)
n/a
50
Erosion of natural deposits;
Runoff from orchards; Runoff
from glass and electronics
production wastes
9. Asbestos (MFL)
7
7
Decay of asbestos cement
water mains; Erosion of
natural deposits
10. Barium (ppm)
2
2
Discharge of drilling wastes;
Discharge from metal
refineries; Erosion of natural
deposits
11. Beryllium (ppb)
4
4
Discharge from metal
refineries and coal-burning
factories; Discharge from
electrical, aerospace, and
defense industries
12. Cadmium (ppb)
5
5
Corrosion of galvanized
pipes; Erosion of natural
deposits; Discharge from
metal refineries; Runoff from
waste batteries and paints
13. Chromium (ppb)
100
100
Discharge from steel and
pulp mills; Erosion of natural
deposits
14. Copper (ppm)
1.3
AL=1.3
Corrosion of household
plumbing systems; Erosion of
natural deposits; Leaching
from wood preservatives
15. Cyanide (ppb)
200
200
Discharge from steel/metal
factories; Discharge from
209
plastic and fertilizer factories
16. Fluoride (ppm)
4
4
17. Lead (ppb)
0
AL=15
Corrosion of household
plumbing systems; Erosion of
natural deposits
18. Mercury [inorganic] (ppb)
2
2
Erosion of natural deposits;
Discharge from refineries
and factories; Runoff from
landfills; Runoff from
cropland
19. Nitrate [as Nitrogen] (ppm)
10
10
Runoff from fertilizer use;
Leaching from septic tanks,
sewage; Erosion of natural
deposits
20. Nitrite [as Nitrogen] (ppm)
1
1
Runoff from fertilizer use;
Leaching from septic tanks,
sewage; Erosion of natural
deposits
21. Selenium (ppb)
50
50
Discharge from petroleum
and metal refineries; Erosion
of natural deposits;
Discharge from mines
22. Thallium (ppb)
0.5
2
Leaching from ore-
processing sites; Discharge
from electronics, glass, and
drug factories
Synthetic Organic Contaminants
Including Pesticides and
Herbicides
23. 2,4-D (ppb)
70
70
Runoff from herbicide used
on row crops
24. 2,4,5-TP [Silvex] (ppb)
50
50
Residue of banned herbicide
25. Acrylamide
0
TT
Added to water during
sewage/wastewater treatment
26. Alachlor (ppb)
0
2
Runoff from herbicide used
on row crops
27. Atrazine (ppb)
3
3
Runoff from herbicide used
on row crops
28. Benzo(a)pyrene [PAH]
(nanograms/L)
0
200
Leaching from linings of
water storage tanks and
distribution lines
29. Carbofuran (ppb)
40
40
Leaching of soil fumigant
used on rice and alfalfa
30. Chlordane (ppb)
0
2
Residue of banned
termiticide
31. Dalapon (ppb)
200
200
Runoff from herbicide used
210
on rights of way
32. Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (ppb)
400
400
Discharge from chemical
factories
33. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
(ppb)
0
6
Discharge from rubber and
chemical factories
34 Dibromochloropropane (ppt)
0
200
Runoff/leaching from soil
fumigant used on soybeans,
cotton, pineapples, and
orchards
35. Dinoseb (ppb)
7
7
Runoff from herbicide used
on soybeans and vegetables
36. Diquat (ppb)
20
20
Runoff from herbicide use
37. Dioxin [2,3,7,8-TCDD] (ppq)
0
30
Emissions from waste
incineration and other
combustion; Discharge from
chemical factories
38. Endothall (ppb)
100
100
Runoff from herbicide use
39. Endrin (ppb)
2
2
Residue of banned
insecticide
40. Epichlorohydrin
0
TT
Discharge from industrial
chemical factories; An
impurity of some water
treatment chemicals
41. Ethylene dibromide (ppt)
0
50
Discharge from petroleum
refineries
42. Glyphosate (ppb)
700
700
Runoff from herbicide use
43. Heptachlor (ppt)
0
400
Residue of banned
termiticide
44. Heptachlor epoxide (ppt)
0
200
Breakdown of heptachlor
45. Hexachlorobenzene (ppb)
0
1
Discharge from metal
refineries and agricultural
chemical factories
46. Hexachlorocyclo- pentadiene
(ppb)
50
50
Discharge from chemical
factories
47. Lindane (ppt)
200
200
Runoff/leaching from
insecticide used on cattle,
lumber, gardens
48. Methoxychlor (ppb)
40
40
Runoff/leaching from
insecticide used on fruits,
vegetables, alfalfa, livestock
49. Oxamyl [Vydate](ppb)
200
200
Runoff/leaching from
insecticide used on apples,
potatoes, and tomatoes
50. PCBs [Polychlorinated
biphenyls] (ppt)
0
500
Runoff from landfills;
Discharge of waste
chemicals
211
51. Pentachlorophenol (ppb)
0
1
Discharge from wood
preserving factories
52. Picloram (ppb)
500
500
Herbicide runoff
53. Simazine (ppb)
4
4
Herbicide runoff
54. Toxaphene (ppb)
0
3
Runoff/leaching from
insecticide used on cotton
and cattle
VolatileOrganic Contaminants
55. Benzene (ppb)
0
5
Discharge from factories;
Leaching from gas storage
tanks and landfills
56. Carbon tetrachloride (ppb)
0
5
Discharge from chemical
plants and other industrial
activities
57. Chlorobenzene (ppb)
100
100
Discharge from chemical and
agricultural chemical
factories
58. o-Dichlorobenzene (ppb)
600
600
Discharge from industrial
chemical factories
59. p-Dichlorobenzene (ppb)
75
75
Discharge from industrial
chemical factories
60. 1,2-Dichloroethane (ppb)
0
5
Discharge from industrial
chemical factories
61. 1,1-Dichloroethylene (ppb)
7
7
Discharge from industrial
chemical factories
62. cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
(ppb)
70
70
Discharge from industrial
chemical factories
63. trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene
(ppb)
100
100
Discharge from industrial
chemical factories
64. Dichloromethane (ppb)
0
5
Discharge from
pharmaceutical and chemical
factories
65. 1,2-Dichloropropane (ppb)
0
5
Discharge from industrial
chemical factories
66. Ethylbenzene (ppb)
700
700
Discharge from petroleum
refineries
67. Styrene (ppb)
100
100
Discharge from rubber and
plastic factories; Leaching
from landfills
68. Tetrachloroethylene (ppb)
0
5
Leaching from PVC pipes;
Discharge from factories and
dry cleaners
69. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene (ppb)
70
70
Discharge from textile—
finishing factories
70. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (ppb)
200
200
Discharge from metal
degreasing sites and other
212
factories
71. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (ppb)
3
5
Discharge from industrial
chemical factories
72. Trichloroethylene (ppb)
0
5
Discharge from metal
degreasing sites and other
factories
73. TTHMs [Total
trihalomethanes] (ppb)
n/a
100
Byproduct of drinking water
chlorination
74. Toluene (ppm)
1
1
Discharge from petroleum
factories
75. Vinyl Chloride (ppb)
0
2
Leaching from PVC piping;
Discharge from plastics
factories
76. Xylenes (ppm)
10
10
Discharge from petroleum
factories; Discharge from
chemical factories
BOARD NOTE: Derived from Appendix B to Subpart O, 40 CFR Subpart O (1998).
(Source: Former Section 611.Appendix G repealed and new Section 611.Appendix G adopted at
25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.Appendix H
Standard Health Effects Language for Public Notification
Contaminant
MCLG
1
mg/L
MCL
2
mg/L
Standard health effects language for
public notification
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR):
A. Microbiological Contaminants
1a. Total coliform
Zero
See footnote
3
Coliforms are bacteria that are
naturally present in the environment
and are used as an indicator that
other, potentially-harmful, bacteria
may be present. Coliforms were
found in more samples than allowed
and this was a warning of potential
problems.
213
1b. Fecal coliform/E. coli
Zero
Zero
Fecal coliforms and E. coli are
bacteria whose presence indicates
that the water may be contaminated
with human or animal wastes.
Microbes in these wastes can cause
short-term effects, such as diarrhea,
cramps, nausea, headaches, or other
symptoms. They may pose a special
health risk for infants, young
children, some of the elderly, and
people with severely compromised
immune systems.
2a. Turbidity (MCL)
4
None
1 NTU
5
/5
NTU
Turbidity has no health effects.
However, turbidity can interfere
with disinfection and provide a
medium for microbial growth.
Turbidity may indicate the presence
of disease-causing organisms. These
organisms include bacteria, viruses,
and parasites that can cause
symptoms such as nausea, cramps,
diarrhea and associated headaches.
2b. Turbidity (SWTR TT)
None
TT
7
Turbidity has no health effects.
However,
6
turbidity can interfere
with disinfection and provide a
medium for microbial growth.
Turbidity may indicate the presence
of disease-causing organisms. These
organisms include bacteria, viruses,
and parasites that can cause
symptoms such as nausea, cramps,
diarrhea and associated headaches.
2c. Turbidity (IESWTR TT)
None
TT
Turbidity has no health effects.
However,
8
turbidity can interfere
with disinfection and provide a
medium for microbial growth.
Turbidity may indicate the presence
of disease-causing organisms. These
organisms include bacteria, viruses,
and parasites that can cause
symptoms such as nausea, cramps,
diarrhea and associated headaches.
214
B. Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) and Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
(IESWTR) violations
3. Giardia lamblia
(SWTR/IESWTR)
Zero
TT
10
Inadequately treated water may
contain disease-causing organisms.
These organisms include bacteria,
viruses, and parasites which can
cause symptoms such as nausea,
cramps, diarrhea, and associated
headaches.
4. Viruses
(SWTR/IESWTR)
5. Heterotrophic plate count
(HPC) bacteria
9
(SWTR/IESWTR)
6. Legionella
(SWTR/IESWTR)
7. Cryptosporidium
(IESWTR)
C. Inorganic Chemicals (IOCs)
8. Antimony
0.006
0.006
Some people who drink water
containing antimony well in excess
of the MCL over many years could
experience increases in blood
cholesterol and decreases in blood
sugar.
9. Arsenic
None
0.05
Some people who drink water
containing arsenic in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience skin damage or
problems with their circulatory
system, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
10. Asbestos (10 μm)
7 MFL
11
7MFL
Some people who drink water
containing asbestos in excess of the
MCL over many years may have an
increased risk of developing benign
intestinal polyps.
11. Barium
2
2
Some people who drink water
containing barium in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience an increase in their
blood pressure.
12. Beryllium
0.004
0.004
Some people who drink water
containing beryllium well in excess
of the MCL over many years could
develop intestinal lesions.
215
13. Cadmium
0.005
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing cadmium in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience kidney damage.
14. Chromium (total)
0.1
0.1
Some people who use water
containing chromium well in excess
of the MCL over many years could
experience allergic dermatitis.
15. Cyanide
0.2
0.2
Some people who drink water
containing cyanide well in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience nerve damage or
problems with their thyroid.
16. Fluoride
4.0
4.0
Some people who drink water
containing fluoride in excess of the
MCL over many years could get
bone disease, including pain and
tenderness of the bones. Fluoride in
drinking water at half the MCL or
more may cause mottling of
children’s teeth, usually in children
less than nine years old. Mottling,
also known as dental fluorosis, may
include brown staining and/or
pitting of the teeth, and occurs only
in developing teeth before they erupt
from the gums.
17. Mercury (inorganic)
0.002
0.002
Some people who drink water
containing inorganic mercury well
in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience kidney
damage.
18. Nitrate
10
10
Infants below the age of six months
who drink water containing nitrate
in excess of the MCL could become
seriously ill and, if untreated, may
die. Symptoms include shortness of
breath and blue baby syndrome.
19. Nitrite
1
1
Infants below the age of six months
who drink water containing nitrite in
excess of the MCL could become
seriously ill and, if untreated, may
die. Symptoms include shortness of
breath and blue baby syndrome.
216
20. Total Nitrate and Nitrite
10
10
Infants below the age of six months
who drink water containing nitrate
and nitrite in excess of the MCL
could become seriously ill and, if
untreated, may die. Symptoms
include shortness of breath and blue
baby syndrome.
21. Selenium
0.05
0.05
Selenium is an essential nutrient.
However, some people who drink
water containing selenium in excess
of the MCL over many years could
experience hair or fingernail losses,
numbness in fingers or toes, or
problems with their circulation.
22. Thallium
0.0005
0.002
Some people who drink water
containing thallium in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience hair loss, changes in
their blood, or problems with their
kidneys, intestines, or liver.
D. Lead and Copper Rule
23. Lead
Zero
TT
12
Infants and children who drink
water containing lead in excess of
the action level could experience
delays in their physical or mental
development. Children could show
slight deficits in attention span and
learning abilities. Adults who drink
this water over many years could
develop kidney problems or high
blood pressure.
24. Copper
1.3
TT
13
Copper is an essential nutrient, but
some people who drink water
containing copper in excess of the
action level over a relatively short
amount of time could experience
gastrointestinal distress. Some
people who drink water containing
copper in excess of the action level
over many years could suffer liver
or kidney damage. People with
Wilson’s Disease should consult
their personal doctor.
217
E. Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs)
25. 2,4-D
0.07
0.07
Some people who drink water
containing the weed killer 2,4-D
well in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience
problems with their kidneys, liver,
or adrenal glands.
26. 2,4,5-TP (silvex)
0.05
0.05
Some people who drink water
containing silvex in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience liver problems.
27. Alachlor
Zero
0.002
Some people who drink water
containing alachlor in excess of the
MCL over many years could have
problems with their eyes, liver,
kidneys, or spleen, or experience
anemia, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
28. Atrazine
0.003
0.003
Some people who drink water
containing atrazine well in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
cardiovascular system or
reproductive difficulties.
29. Benzo(a)pyrene (PAHs).
Zero
0.0002
Some people who drink water
containing benzo(a)pyrene in excess
of the MCL over many years may
experience reproductive difficulties
and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
30. Carbofuran
0.04
0.04
Some people who drink water
containing carbofuran in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
blood, or nervous or reproductive
systems.
31. Chlordane
Zero
0.002
Some people who drink water
containing chlordane in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
liver or nervous system, and may
have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
218
32. Dalapon
0.2
0.2
Some people who drink water
containing dalapon well in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience minor kidney changes.
33. Di (2-ethylhexyl)adipate
0.4
0.4
Some people who drink water
containing di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate
well in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience
general toxic effects or reproductive
difficulties.
34. Di (2-
ethylhexyl)phthalate
Zero
0.006
Some people who drink water
containing di(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate in excess of the MCL over
many years may have problems with
their liver, or experience
reproductive difficulties, and may
have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
35. Dibromochloropropane
(DBCP)
Zero
0.0002
Some people who drink water
containing DBCP in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience reproductive difficulties
and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
36. Dinoseb
0.007
0.007
Some people who drink water
containing dinoseb well in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience reproductive difficulties.
37. Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)
Zero
3 x 10
-8
Some people who drink water
containing dioxin in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience reproductive difficulties
and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
38. Diquat
0.02
0.02
Some people who drink water
containing diquat in excess of the
MCL over many years could get
cataracts.
39. Endothall
0.1
0.1
Some people who drink water
containing endothall in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
stomach or intestines.
219
40. Endrin
0.002
0.002
Some people who drink water
containing endrin in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience liver problems.
41. Ethylene dibromide
Zero
0.00005
Some people who drink water
containing ethylene dibromide in
excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with
their liver, stomach, reproductive
system, or kidneys, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
42. Glyphosate
0.7
0.7
Some people who drink water
containing glyphosate in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
kidneys or reproductive difficulties.
43. Heptachlor
Zero
0.0004
Some people who drink water
containing heptachlor in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience liver damage and may
have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
44. Heptachlor epoxide
Zero
0.0002
Some people who drink water
containing heptachlor epoxide in
excess of the MCL over many years
could experience liver damage, and
may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
45. Hexachlorobenzene
Zero
0.001
Some people who drink water
containing hexachlorobenzene in
excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with
their liver or kidneys, or adverse
reproductive effects, and may have
an increased risk of getting cancer.
46.
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
0.05
0.05
Some people who drink water
containing
hexachlorocyclopentadiene well in
excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with
their kidneys or stomach.
47. Lindane
0.0002
0.0002
Some people who drink water
containing lindane in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
kidneys or liver.
220
48. Methoxychlor
0.04
0.04
Some people who drink water
containing methoxychlor in excess
of the MCL over many years could
experience reproductive difficulties.
49. Oxamyl (Vydate)
0.2
0.2
Some people who drink water
containing oxamyl in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience slight nervous system
effects.
50. Pentachlorophenol
Zero
0.001
Some people who drink water
containing pentachlorophenol in
excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with
their liver or kidneys, and may have
an increased risk of getting cancer.
51. Picloram
0.5
0.5
Some people who drink water
containing picloram in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
liver.
52. Polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs)
Zero
0.0005
Some people who drink water
containing PCBs in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience changes in their skin,
problems with their thymus gland,
immune deficiencies, or
reproductive or nervous system
difficulties, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
53. Simazine
0.004
0.004
Some people who drink water
containing simazine in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
blood.
54. Toxaphene
Zero
0.003
Some people who drink water
containing toxaphene in excess of
the MCL over many years could
have problems with their kidneys,
liver, or thyroid, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
221
F. Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs)
55. Benzene
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing benzene in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience anemia or a decrease in
blood platelets, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
56. Carbon tetrachloride
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing carbon tetrachloride in
excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with
their liver and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
57. Chlorobenzene
(monochlorobenzene)
0.1
0.1
Some people who drink water
containing chlorobenzene in excess
of the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
liver or kidneys.
58. o-Dichlorobenzene
0.6
0.6
Some people who drink water
containing o- dichlorobenzene well
in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their liver, kidneys, or
circulatory systems.
59. p-Dichlorobenzene
0.075
0.075
Some people who drink water
containing p- dichlorobenzene in
excess of the MCL over many years
could experience anemia, damage to
their liver, kidneys, or spleen, or
changes in their blood.
60. 1,2-Dichloroethane
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing 1,2-dichloroethane in
excess of the MCL over many years
may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
61. 1,1-Dichloroethylene
0.007
0.007
Some people who drink water
containing 1,1-dichloroethylene in
excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with
their liver.
62. cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
0.07
0.07
Some people who drink water
containing cis-1,2-dichloroethylene
in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their liver.
222
63. trans-1,2-
Dichloroethylene
0.1
0.1
Some people who drink water
containing trans-1,2-
dichloroethylene well in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
liver.
64. Dichloromethane
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing dichloromethane in
excess of the MCL over many years
could have liver problems and may
have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
65. 1,2-Dichloropropane
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing 1,2-dichloropropane in
excess of the MCL over many years
may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
66. Ethylbenzene
0.7
0.7
Some people who drink water
containing ethylbenzene well in
excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with
their liver or kidneys.
67. Styrene
0.1
0.1
Some people who drink water
containing styrene well in excess of
the MCL over many years could
have problems with their liver,
kidneys, or circulatory system.
68. Tetrachloroethylene
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing tetrachloroethylene in
excess of the MCL over many years
could have problems with their
liver, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
69. Toluene
1
1
Some people who drink water
containing toluene well in excess of
the MCL over many years could
have problems with their nervous
system, kidneys, or liver.
70. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
0.07
0.07
Some people who drink water
containing 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
well in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience
changes in their adrenal glands.
223
71. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
0.2
0.2
Some people who drink water
containing 1,1,1-trichloroethane in
excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with
their liver, nervous system, or
circulatory system.
72. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
0.003
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing 1,1,2-trichloroethane
well in excess of the MCL over
many years could have problems
with their liver, kidneys, or immune
systems.
73. Trichloroethylene
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing trichloroethylene in
excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with
their liver and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
74. Vinyl chloride
Zero
0.002
Some people who drink water
containing vinyl chloride in excess
of the MCL over many years may
have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
75. Xylenes (total)
10
10
Some people who drink water
containing xylenes in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience damage to their nervous
system.
G. Radioactive Contaminants
76. Beta/photon emitters
Zero
4 mrem/yr
14
Certain minerals are radioactive
and may emit forms of radiation
known as photons and beta
radiation. Some people who drink
water containing beta and photon
emitters in excess of the MCL over
many years may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
77. Alpha emitters
Zero
15 pCi/L
15
Certain minerals are radioactive
and may emit a form of radiation
known as alpha radiation. Some
people who drink water containing
alpha emitters in excess of the MCL
over many years may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
224
78. Combined radium (226
& 228)
Zero
5 pCi/L
Some people who drink water
containing radium 226 or 228 in
excess of the MCL over many years
may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
H. Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs), Byproduct Precursors, and Disinfectant Residuals: Where
disinfection is used in the treatment of drinking water, disinfectants combine with organic and
inorganic matter present in water to form chemicals called disinfection byproducts (DBPs).
USEPA sets standards for controlling the levels of disinfectants and DBPs in drinking water,
including trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs)
16
79. Total trihalomethanes
(TTHMs)
N/A
0.10/0.080
17
18
Some people who drink water
containing trihalomethanes in excess
of the MCL over many years may
experience problems with their
liver, kidneys, or central nervous
system, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
80. Haloacetic Acids
(HAA5)
N/A
0.060
19
Some people who drink water
containing haloacetic acids in
excess of the MCL over many years
may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
81. Bromate
Zero
0.010
Some people who drink water
containing bromate in excess of the
MCL over many years may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
82. Chlorite
0.08
1.0
Some infants and young children
who drink water containing chlorite
in excess of the MCL could
experience nervous system effects.
Similar effects may occur in fetuses
of pregnant women who drink water
containing chlorite in excess of the
MCL. Some people may experience
anemia.
83. Chlorine
4 (MRDLG)
20
4.0 (MRDL)
21
Some people who use water
containing chlorine well in excess
of the MRDL could experience
irritating effects to their eyes and
nose. Some people who drink water
containing chlorine well in excess
of the MRDL could experience
stomach discomfort.
225
84. Chloramines
4 (MRDLG)
4.0 (MRDL)
Some people who use water
containing chloramines well in
excess of the MRDL could
experience irritating effects to their
eyes and nose. Some people who
drink water containing chloramines
well in excess of the MRDL could
experience stomach discomfort or
anemia.
85a. Chlorine dioxide,
where any 2 consecutive
daily samples taken at the
entrance to the distribution
system are above the MRDL
0.8
(MRDLG)
0.8 (MRDL)
Some infants and young children
who drink water containing chlorine
dioxide in excess of the MRDL
could experience nervous system
effects. Similar effects may occur
in fetuses of pregnant women who
drink water containing chlorine
dioxide in excess of the MRDL.
Some people may experience
anemia.
Add for public notification only:
The chlorine dioxide violations
reported today are the result of
exceedances at the treatment facility
only, not within the distribution
system which delivers water to
consumers. Continued compliance
with chlorine dioxide levels within
the distribution system minimizes
the potential risk of these violations
to consumers.
85b. Chlorine dioxide,
where one or more
distribution system samples
are above the MRDL
0.8
(MRDLG)
0.8 (MRDL)
Some infants and young children
who drink water containing chlorine
dioxide in excess of the MRDL
could experience nervous system
effects. Similar effects may occur in
fetuses of pregnant women who
drink water containing chlorine
dioxide in excess of the MRDL.
Some people may experience
anemia.
226
Add for public notification only:
The chlorine dioxide violations
reported today include exceedances
of the USEPA standard within the
distribution system which delivers
water to consumers. Violations of
the chlorine dioxide standard within
the distribution system may harm
human health based on short- term
exposures. Certain groups, including
fetuses, infants, and young children,
may be especially susceptible to
nervous system effects from
excessive chlorine dioxide
exposure.
86. Control of DBP
precursors (TOC)
None
TT
Total organic carbon (TOC) has no
health effects. However, total
organic carbon provides a medium
for the formation of disinfection
byproducts. These byproducts
include trihalomethanes (THMs)
and haloacetic acids (HAAs).
Drinking water containing these
byproducts in excess of the MCL
may lead to adverse health effects,
liver or kidney problems, or
nervous system effects, and may
lead to an increased risk of getting
cancer.
I. Other Treatment Techniques:
87. Acrylamide
Zero
TT
Some people who drink water
containing high levels of acrylamide
over a long period of time could
have problems with their nervous
system or blood, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
88. Epichlorohydrin
Zero
TT
Some people who drink water
containing high levels of
epichlorohydrin over a long period
of time could experience stomach
problems, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Appendix H--Endnotes
1. “MCLG” means maximum contaminant level goal.
227
2. “MCL” means maximum contaminant level.
3. For a water supplier analyzing at least 40 samples per month, no more than 5.0 percent of the
monthly samples may be positive for total coliforms. For a supplier analyzing fewer than 40
samples per month, no more than one sample per month may be positive for total coliforms.
4. There are various regulations that set turbidity standards for different types of systems, including
Section 611.320, the 1989 Surface Water Treatment Rule, and the 1998 Interim Enhanced Surface
Water Treatment Rule. The MCL for the monthly turbidity average is 1 NTU; the MCL for the 2-
day average is 5 NTU for a supplier that is required to filter but has not yet installed filtration
(Section 611.320).
5. “NTU” means nephelometric turbidity unit.
6. There are various regulations that set turbidity standards for different types of systems, including
Section 611.320, the 1989 Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), and the 1998 Interim Enhanced
Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR). A supplier subject to the Surface Water Treatment
Rule (both filtered and unfiltered) may not exceed 5 NTU. In addition, in filtered systems, 95
percent of samples each month must not exceed 0.5 NTU in systems using conventional or direct
filtration and must not exceed 1 NTU in systems using slow sand or diatomaceous earth filtration
or other filtration technologies approved by the Agency.
7. “TT” means treatment technique.
8. There are various regulations that set turbidity standards for different types of systems, including
Section 611.320, the 1989 Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), and the 1998 Interim Enhanced
Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR). For a supplier subject to the IESWTR (systems serving
at least 10,000 people, using surface water or groundwater under the direct influence of surface
water), that use conventional filtration or direct filtration, after January 1, 2002, the turbidity level
of a system’s combined filter effluent may not exceed 0.3 NTU in at least 95 percent of monthly
measurements, and the turbidity level of a system’s combined filter effluent must not exceed 1 NTU
at any time. A supplier subject to the IESWTR using technologies other than conventional, direct,
slow sand, or diatomaceous earth filtration must meet turbidity limits set by the Agency.
9. The bacteria detected by heterotrophic plate count (HPC) are not necessarily harmful. HPC is
simply an alternative method of determining disinfectant residual levels. The number of such
bacteria is an indicator of whether there is enough disinfectant in the distribution system.
10. SWTR and IESWTR treatment technique violations that involve turbidity exceedances may use
the health effects language for turbidity instead.
11. Millions of fibers per liter.
12. Action Level = 0.015 mg/L.
228
13. Action Level = 1.3 mg/L.
14. Millirems per year.
15. Picocuries per liter.
16. A surface water system supplier or a groundwater system supplier under the direct influence of
surface water are regulated under Subpart B of this Part. A Supbart B community water system
supplier or a non-transient non-community system supplier that serves 10,000 or more persons
must comply with DBP MCLs and disinfectant maximum residual disinfectant levels (MRDLs)
beginning January 1, 2002. All other community and non-transient noncommunity system suppliers
must meet the MCLs and MRDLs beginning January 1, 2004. Subpart B transient non-community
system suppliers serving 10,000 or more persons and using chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant or
oxidant must comply with the chlorine dioxide MRDL beginning January 1, 2002. Subpart B
transient non-community system suppliers serving fewer than 10,000 persons and systems using
only groundwater not under the direct influence of surface water and using chlorine dioxide as a
disinfectant or oxidant must comply with the chlorine dioxide MRDL beginning January 1, 2004.
17. The MCL of 0.10 mg/L for TTHMs is in effect until January 1, 2002 for a Subpart B
community water system supplier serving 10,000 or more persons. This MCL is in effect until
January 1, 2004 for community water systems with a population of 10,000 or more using only
ground water not under the direct influence of surface water. After these deadlines, the MCL will
be 0.080 mg/L. On January 1, 2004, a supplier serving less than 10,000 will have to comply with
the new MCL as well.
18. The MCL for total trihalomethanes is the sum of the concentrations of the individual
trihalomethanes.
19. The MCL for haloacetic acids is the sum of the concentrations of the individual haloacetic
acids.
20. “MRDLG” means maximum residual disinfectant level goal.
21. “MRDL” means maximum residual disinfectant level.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from Appendix B to Subpart Q to 40 CFR 141, as added at 65 Fed. Reg.
26043 (May 4, 2000).
Microbiological Contaminants
1) Total Coliform. Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the
environment and are used as an indicator that other, potentially-harmful, bacteria
may be present. Coliforms were found in more samples than allowed and this was
a warning of potential problems.
229
2) Fecal coliform/E. coli. Fecal coliforms and E. coli are bacteria whose presence
indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes.
Microbes in these wastes can cause short-term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps,
nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a special health risk for
infants, young children, and people with severely compromised immune systems.
3) Turbidity. Turbidity has no health effects. However, turbidity can interfere with
disinfection and provide a medium for microbial growth. Turbidity may indicate
the presence of disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria,
viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea,
and associated headaches.
Radioactive Contaminants
4) Beta/photon emitters. Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit forms of
radiation known as photons and beta radiation. Some people who drink water
containing beta and photon emitters in excess of the MCL over many years may
have an increased risk of getting cancer.
5) Alpha emitters. Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit a form of radiation
known as alpha radiation. Some people who drink water containing alpha emitters
in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
6) Combined Radium 226/228. Some people who drink water containing radium 226
or 228 in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
Inorganic Contaminants
7) Antimony. Some people who drink water containing antimony well in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience increases in blood cholesterol and
decreases in blood sugar.
8) Arsenic. Some people who drink water containing arsenic in excess of the MCL
over many years could experience skin damage or problems with their circulatory
system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
9) Asbestos. Some people who drink water containing asbestos in excess of the MCL
over many years may have an increased risk of developing benign intestinal polyps.
10) Barium. Some people who drink water containing barium in excess of the MCL
over many years could experience an increase in their blood pressure.
11) Beryllium. Some people who drink water containing beryllium well in excess of
the MCL over many years could develop intestinal lesions.
230
12) Cadmium. Some people who drink water containing cadmium in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience kidney damage.
13) Chromium. Some people who use water containing chromium well in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience allergic dermatitis.
14) Copper. Copper is an essential nutrient, but some people who drink water
containing copper in excess of the action level over a relatively short amount of
time could experience gastrointestinal distress. Some people who drink water
containing copper in excess of the action level over many years could suffer liver
or kidney damage. People with Wilson’s Disease should consult their personal
doctor.
15) Cyanide. Some people who drink water containing cyanide well in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience nerve damage or problems with their
thyroid.
16) Fluoride. Some people who drink water containing fluoride in excess of the MCL
over many years could get bone disease, including pain and tenderness of the
bones. Children may get mottled teeth.
17) Lead. Infants and children who drink water containing lead in excess of the action
level could experience delays in their physical or mental development. Children
could show slight deficits in attention span and learning abilities. Adults who drink
this water over many years could develop kidney problems or high blood pressure.
18) Mercury (inorganic). Some people who drink water containing inorganic mercury
well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage.
19) Nitrate. Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrate in
excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die.
Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue-baby syndrome.
20) Nitrite. Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrite in
excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die.
Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue-baby syndrome.
21) Selenium. Selenium is an essential nutrient. However, some people who drink
water containing selenium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
hair or fingernail losses, numbness in fingers or toes, or problems with their
circulation.
22) Thallium. Some people who drink water containing thallium in excess of the MCL
over many years could experience hair loss, changes in their blood, or problems
with their kidneys, intestines, or liver.
231
Synthetic Organic Contaminants Including Pesticides and Herbicides
23) 2,4-D. Some people who drink water containing the weed killer 2,4-D well in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys,
liver, or adrenal glands.
24) 2,4,5-TP (Silvex). Some people who drink water containing silvex in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience liver problems.
25) Acrylamide. Some people who drink water containing high levels of acrylamide
over a long period of time could have problems with their nervous system or blood,
and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
26) Alachlor. Some people who drink water containing alachlor in excess of the MCL
over many years could have problems with their eyes, liver, kidneys, or spleen, or
experience anemia, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
27) Atrazine. Some people who drink water containing atrazine well in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience problems with their cardiovascular system
or reproductive difficulties.
28) Benzo(a)pyrene (PAH). Some people who drink water containing benzo(a)pyrene
in excess of the MCL over many years may experience reproductive difficulties,
and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
29) Carbofuran. Some people who drink water containing carbofuran in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience problems with their blood, or nervous or
reproductive systems.
30) Chlordane. Some people who drink water containing chlordane in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or nervous
system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
31) Dalapon. Some people who drink water containing dalapon well in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience minor kidney changes.
32) Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate. Some people who drink water containing di(2-
ethylhexyl)adipate well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
general toxic effects or reproductive difficulties.
33) Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Some people who drink water containing di (2-
ethylhexyl) phthalate in excess of the MCL over many years may have problems
with their liver, or experience reproductive difficulties, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
232
34) Dibromochloropropane (DBCP). Some people who drink water containing DBCP
in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties,
and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
35) Dinoseb. Some people who drink water containing dinoseb well in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties.
36) Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). Some people who drink water containing dioxin in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties, and may
have an increased risk of getting cancer.
37) Diquat. Some people who drink water containing diquat in excess of the MCL over
many years could get cataracts.
38) Endothall. Some people who drink water containing endothall in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience problems with their stomach or intestines.
39) Endrin. Some people who drink water containing endrin in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience liver problems.
40) Epichlorohydrin. Some people who drink water containing high levels of
epichlorohydrin over a long period of time could experience stomach problems,
and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
41) Ethylene dibromide. Some people who drink water containing ethylene dibromide
in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver,
stomach, reproductive system, or kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
42) Glyphosate. Some people who drink water containing glyphosate in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or
reproductive difficulties.
43) Heptachlor. Some people who drink water containing heptachlor in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience liver damage, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
44) Heptachlor epoxide. Some people who drink water containing heptachlor epoxide
in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage, and may
have an increased risk of getting cancer.
45) Hexachlorobenzene. Some people who drink water containing hexachlorobenzene
in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver
or kidneys, or adverse reproductive effects, and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
233
46) Hexachlorocyclopentadiene. Some people who drink water containing
hexachlorocyclopentadiene well in excess of the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their kidneys or stomach.
47) Lindane. Some people who drink water containing lindane in excess of the MCL
over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or liver.
48) Methoxychlor. Some people who drink water containing methoxychlor in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties.
49) Oxamyl [Vydate]. Some people who drink water containing oxamyl in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience slight nervous system effects.
50) PCBs [Polychlorinated biphenyls]. Some people who drink water containing PCBs
in excess of the MCL over many years could experience changes in their skin,
problems with their thymus gland, immune deficiencies, or reproductive or nervous
system difficulties, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
51) Pentachlorophenol. Some people who drink water containing pentachlorophenol in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or
kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
52) Picloram. Some people who drink water containing picloram in excess of the MCL
over many years could experience problems with their liver.
53) Simazine. Some people who drink water containing simazine in excess of the MCL
over many years could experience problems with their blood.
54) Toxaphene. Some people who drink water containing toxaphene in excess of the
MCL over many years could have problems with their kidneys, liver, or thyroid,
and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Volatile Organic Contaminants
55) Benzene. Some people who drink water containing benzene in excess of the MCL
over many years could experience anemia or a decrease in blood platelets, and may
have an increased risk of getting cancer.
56) Carbon Tetrachloride. Some people who drink water containing carbon
tetrachloride in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems
with their liver, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
57) Chlorobenzene. Some people who drink water containing chlorobenzene in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys.
234
58) o-Dichlorobenzene. Some people who drink water containing o-dichlorobenzene
well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their
liver, kidneys, or circulatory systems.
59) p-Dichlorobenzene. Some people who drink water containing p-dichlorobenzene
in excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia, damage to their
liver, kidneys, or spleen, or changes in their blood.
60) 1,2-Dichloroethane. Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloroethane
in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
61) 1,1-Dichloroethylene. Some people who drink water containing 1,1-
dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems
with their liver.
62) cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene. Some people who drink water containing cis-1,2-
dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems
with their liver.
63) trans-1,2-Dicholoroethylene. Some people who drink water containing trans-1,2-
dichloroethylene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
problems with their liver.
64) Dichloromethane. Some people who drink water containing dichloromethane in
excess of the MCL over many years could have liver problems, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
65) 1,2-Dichloropropane. Some people who drink water containing 1,2-
dichloropropane in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk
of getting cancer.
66) Ethylbenzene. Some people who drink water containing ethylbenzene well in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or
kidneys.
67) Styrene. Some people who drink water containing styrene well in excess of the
MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory
system.
68) Tetrachloroethylene. Some people who drink water containing tetrachloroethylene
in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, and
may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
69) 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene. Some people who drink water containing 1,2,4-
trichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
changes in their adrenal glands.
235
70) 1,1,1,-Trichloroethane. Some people who drink water containing 1,1,1-
trichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems
with their liver, nervous system, or circulatory system.
71) 1,1,2-Trichloroethane. Some people who drink water containing 1,1,2-
trichloroethane well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems
with their liver, kidneys, or immune systems.
72) Trichloroethylene. Some people who drink water containing trichloroethylene in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver,
and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
73) TTHMs [Total Trihalomethanes]. Some people who drink water containing
trihalomethanes in excess of the MCL over many years may experience problems
with their liver, kidneys, or central nervous systems, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
74) Toluene. Some people who drink water containing toluene well in excess of the
MCL over many years could have problems with their nervous system, kidneys, or
liver.
75) Vinyl Chloride. Some people who drink water containing vinyl chloride in excess
of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
76) Xylenes. Some people who drink water containing xylenes in excess of the MCL
over many years could experience damage to their nervous system.
(Source: Former Section 611.Appendix H repealed and new Section 611.Appendix H adopted at
25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.Appendix I Acronyms Used in Public Notification Regulation
CCR Consumer Confidence Report
CWS Community Water System
DBP Disinfection Byproduct
HPC Heterotrophic Plate Count
IESWTR Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
IOC Inorganic Chemical
LCR Lead and Copper Rule
MCL Maximum Contaminant Level
MCLG Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
MRDL Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level
MRDLG Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal
NCWS Non-Community Water System
NPDWR National Primary Drinking Water Regulation
236
NTNCWS Non-Transient Non-Community Water System
NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Unit
OGWDW USEPA, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
OW USEPA, Office of Water
PN Public Notification
PWS Public Water System
SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act
SMCL Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level
SOC Synthetic Organic Chemical
SWTR Surface Water Treatment Rule
TCR Total Coliform Rule
TT Treatment Technique
TWS Transient Non-Community Water System
USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency
VOC Volatile Organic Chemical
BOARD NOTE: Derived from Appendix C to Subpart Q to 40 CFR 141, as added at 65 Fed. Reg.
26048 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Added at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.Table G
Summary of Section 611.357 Monitoring Section 611.357
Requirements for Water Quality Parameters
1
See end note 1 below.
Monitoring Period
Parameters
2
Location
Frequency
Initial Monitoring
pH, alkalinity,
orthophosphate, or
silica(3)
3
, calcium,
conductivity,
temperature.
Taps and at
entry
point(s)
points to the
distribution
system
Every 6 six months
After Installation
installation of
Corrosion
Controlcorrosion
control
pH, alkalinity,
orthophosphate or
silica
3
, calcium
4
Taps
Every 6 six months
237
After Installation of
Corrosion Control
pH, alkalinity dosage
rate and concentration
(if alkalinity is adjusted
as part of corrosion
control), inhibitor
dosage rate and
inhibitor esidual
residual
5
Entry
point(s)
points to the
distribution
system
6
BiweeklyNo less
frequently than every
two weeks
After State the Agency
specifies parameter
values Specifies
Parameter Values for
optimal corrosion
controlOptimal
Corrosion Control
pH, alkalinity,
orthophosphate or
silica
3
, calcium
4
Taps
Every 6 six months
After State Specifies
Parameter Values for
Optimal Corrosion
Control
pH, alkalinity dosage
rate and concentration
(if alkalinity is adjusted
as part of corrosion
control), inhibitor
dosage rate and
inhibitor residual
5
Entry
point(s)
points to the
distribution
system
6
BiweeklyNo less
frequently than every
two weeks
Reduced Monitoring
monitoring
pH, alkalinity,
orthophosphate or
silica
3
, calcium
4
Taps
Every 6 six months,
annually
7
or every
three years
8
; at a
reduced number of
sites
Reduced Monitoring
pH, alkalinity dosage
rate and concentration
(if alkalinity is adjusted
as part of corrosion
control), inhibitor
dosage rate and
inhibitor residual
5
Entry
point(s)
points to the
distribution
system
6
BiweeklyNo less
frequently than every
two weeks
1
1. Table G is for illustrative purposes; consult the text of Section 611.357 for precise regulatory
requirements.
2
2. Small and medium-size Small- and medium-sized systems have to monitor for water quality
parameters only during monitoring periods in which the system exceeds the lead or copper action
level.
238
3
3. Orthophosphate must be measured only when an inhibitor containing a phosphate compound is
used. Silica must be measured only when an inhibitor containing silicate compound is used.
4
4. Calcium must be measured only when calcium carbonate stabilization is used as part of
corrosion control.
5
5. Inhibitor dosage rates and inhibitor residual concentrations (orthophosphate or silica) must be
measured only when an inhibitor is used.
6, A groundwater system supplier may limit monitoring to representative locations throughout the
system.
7. A water supplier may reduce frequency of monitoring for water quality parameters at the tap
from every six months to annually if it has maintained the range of values for water quality
parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control during three consecutive years of monitoring.
8. A water supplier may further reduce the frequency of monitoring for water quality parameters at
the tap from annually to once every three years if it has maintained the range of values for water
quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control during three consecutive years of annual
monitoring. A water supplier may accelerate to triennial monitoring for water quality parameters
at the tap if it has maintained 90th percentile lead levels less than or equal to 0.005 mg/L, 90th
percentile copper levels less than or equal to 0.65 mg/L, and the range of water quality parameters
designated by the Agency under Section 611.352(f) as representing optimal corrosion control
during two consecutive six-month monitoring periods.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from the table to 40 CFR 141.87 (1992) (1999).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
