ILLINOIS POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
October 5, 2000
IN THE MATTER OF:
)
)
SDWA UPDATE, USEPA AMENDMENTS
)
R01-7
(January 1, 2000, through June 30, 2000)
)
(Identical-in-Substance Rulemaking -
)
Public Water Supplies)
Proposed Rule. Proposal for Public Comment.
ORDER OF THE BOARD (by R.C. Flemal):
Under Sections 7.2 and 17.5 of the Environmental Protection Act (Act) (415 ILCS 5/7.2 and 17.5 (1998)),
the Board proposes amendments to the Illinois regulations that are “identical in substance” to drinking water
regulations that the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) adopted to implement Sections
1412(b), 1414(c), 1417(a), and 1445(a) of the federal Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) (42 U.S.C. §§ 300g-1(a), 300g-
3(c), 300g-6(a), and 300j-4(a) (1998)). The nominal timeframe of this docket includes federal SDWA amendments
that USEPA adopted in the period January 1, 2000, through June 30, 2000.
Sections 7.2 and 17.5 provide for quick adoption of regulations that are identical in substance to federal
regulations that USEPA adopts to implement Sections 1412(b), 1414(c), 1417(a), and 1445(a) of the federal Safe
Drinking Water Act (SDWA) (42 U.S.C. §§ 300g-1(a), 300g-3(c), 300g-6(a), and 300j-4(a) (1998)). Section 17.5 also
provides that Title VII of the Act and Section 5 of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) (5 ILCS 100/5-35 and 5-
40 (1998)) do not apply to the Board’s adoption of identical-in-substance regulations. The federal SDWA regulations
are found at 40 C.F.R. 141 through 143.
This proposed order is supported by a proposed opinion that the Board also adopts today. The Board will
cause the proposed amendments to be published in the
Illinois Register
and will receive public comments for 45 days
after the date of publication.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
I, Dorothy M. Gunn, Clerk of the Illinois Pollution Control Board, do hereby certify that the above order was
adopted on the 5th day of October 2000 by a vote of 7-0.
Dorothy M. Gunn, Clerk
Illinois Pollution Control Board
2
TITLE 35: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
SUBTITLE F: PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES
CHAPTER I: POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
PART 611
PRIMARY DRINKING WATER STANDARDS
SUBPART A: GENERAL
Section
611.100
Purpose, Scope and Applicability
611.101
Definitions
611.102
Incorporations by Reference
611.103
Severability
611.107
Agency Inspection of PWS Facilities
611.108
Delegation to Local Government
611.109
Enforcement
611.110
Special Exception Permits
611.111
Relief Equivalent to SDWA Section 1415(a) Variances
611.112
Relief Equivalent to SDWA Section 1416 Exemptions
611.113
Alternative Treatment Techniques
611.114
Siting requirements
611.115
Source Water Quantity
611.120
Effective dates
611.121
Maximum Contaminant Levels and Finished Water Quality
611.125
Fluoridation Requirement
611.126
Prohibition on Use of Lead
611.130
Special Requirements for Certain Variances and Adjusted Standards
611.131
Relief Equivalent to SDWA Section 1415(e) Small System Variance
611.160
Composite Correction Program
SUBPART B: FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION
Section
611.201
Requiring a Demonstration
611.202
Procedures for Agency Determinations
611.211
Filtration Required
611.212
Groundwater under Direct Influence of Surface Water
611.213
No Method of HPC Analysis
611.220
General Requirements
611.230
Filtration Effective Dates
611.231
Source Water Quality Conditions
611.232
Site-specific Conditions
611.233
Treatment Technique Violations
611.240
Disinfection
611.241
Unfiltered PWSs
611.242
Filtered PWSs
611.250
Filtration
611.261
Unfiltered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping
611.262
Filtered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping
611.271
Protection during Repair Work
611.272
Disinfection following Repair
SUBPART C: USE OF NON-CENTRALIZED TREATMENT DEVICES
Section
611.280
Point-of-Entry Devices
3
611.290
Use of Point-of-Use Devices or Bottled Water
SUBPART D: TREATMENT TECHNIQUES
Section
611.295
General Requirements
611.296
Acrylamide and Epichlorohydrin
611.297
Corrosion Control
SUBPART F: MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS (MCLs) AND MAXIMUM RESIDUAL
DISINFECTANT LEVELS (MRDLs)
Section
611.300
Old MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals
611.301
Revised MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals
611.310
Old Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for Organic Chemicals
611.311
Revised MCLs for Organic Contaminants
611.312
Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs)
611.313
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Levels (MRDLs)
611.320
Turbidity
611.325
Microbiological Contaminants
611.330
Radium and Gross Alpha Particle Activity
611.331
Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity
SUBPART G: LEAD AND COPPER
Section
611.350
General Requirements
611.351
Applicability of Corrosion Control
611.352
Corrosion Control Treatment
611.353
Source Water Treatment
611.354
Lead Service Line Replacement
611.355
Public Education and Supplemental Monitoring
611.356
Tap Water Monitoring for Lead and Copper
611.357
Monitoring for Water Quality Parameters
611.358
Monitoring for Lead and Copper in Source Water
611.359
Analytical Methods
611.360
Reporting
611.361
Recordkeeping
SUBPART I: DISINFECTANT RESIDUALS, DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS, AND
DISINFECTION BYPRODUCT PRECURSORS
Section
611.380
General Requirements
611.381
Analytical Requirements
611.382
Monitoring Requirements
611.383
Compliance Requirements
611.384
Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements
611.385
Treatment Technique for Control of Disinfection Byproduct (DBP) Precursors
SUBPART K: GENERAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.480
Alternative Analytical Techniques
611.490
Certified Laboratories
611.491
Laboratory Testing Equipment
611.500
Consecutive PWSs
611.510
Special Monitoring for Unregulated Contaminants
4
SUBPART L: MICROBIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.521
Routine Coliform Monitoring
611.522
Repeat Coliform Monitoring
611.523
Invalidation of Total Coliform Samples
611.524
Sanitary Surveys
611.525
Fecal Coliform and E. Coli Testing
611.526
Analytical Methodology
611.527
Response to Violation
611.531
Analytical Requirements
611.532
Unfiltered PWSs
611.533
Filtered PWSs
SUBPART M: TURBIDITY MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.560
Turbidity
SUBPART N: INORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.591
Violation of State MCL
611.592
Frequency of State Monitoring
611.600
Applicability
611.601
Monitoring Frequency
611.602
Asbestos Monitoring Frequency
611.603
Inorganic Monitoring Frequency
611.604
Nitrate Monitoring
611.605
Nitrite Monitoring
611.606
Confirmation Samples
611.607
More Frequent Monitoring and Confirmation Sampling
611.608
Additional Optional Monitoring
611.609
Determining Compliance
611.610
Inorganic Monitoring Times
611.611
Inorganic Analysis
611.612
Monitoring Requirements for Old Inorganic MCLs
611.630
Special Monitoring for Sodium
611.631
Special Monitoring for Inorganic Chemicals
SUBPART O: ORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.640
Definitions
611.641
Old MCLs
611.645
Analytical Methods for Organic Chemical Contaminants
611.646
Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V Volatile Organic Contaminants
611.647
Sampling for Phase I Volatile Organic Contaminants (Repealed)
611.648
Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V Synthetic Organic Contaminants
611.650
Monitoring for 36 Contaminants (Repealed)
611.657
Analytical Methods for 36 Contaminants (Repealed)
611.658
Special Monitoring for Organic Chemicals
SUBPART P: THM MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.680
Sampling, Analytical and other Requirements
611.683
Reduced Monitoring Frequency
5
611.684
Averaging
611.685
Analytical Methods
611.686
Modification to System
611.687
Sampling for THM Potential
611.688
Applicability Dates
SUBPART Q: RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.720
Analytical Methods
611.731
Gross Alpha
611.732
Manmade Radioactivity
SUBPART R: ENHANCED FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION
Section
611.740
General Requirements
611.741
Standards for Avoiding Filtration
611.742
Disinfection Profiling and Benchmarking
611.743
Filtration
611.744
Filtration Sampling Requirements
611.745
Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements
SUBPART T: REPORTING, PUBLIC NOTIFICATION AND RECORDKEEPING
Section
611.830
Applicability
611.831
Monthly Operating Report
611.832
Notice by Agency (Repealed)
611.833
Cross Connection Reporting
611.840
Reporting
611.851
Reporting MCL, MRDL, and other Violations (Repealed)
611.852
Reporting other Violations (Repealed)
611.853
Notice to New Billing Units (Repealed)
611.854
General Content of Public Notice (Repealed)
611.855
Mandatory Health Effects Language (Repealed)
611.856
Fluoride Notice (Repealed)
611.858
Fluoride Secondary Standard (Repealed)
611.860
Record Maintenance
611.870
List of 36 Contaminants
SUBPART U: CONSUMER CONFIDENCE REPORTS
Section
611.881
Purpose and Applicability of this Subpart
611.882
Compliance Dates
611.883
Content of the Reports
611.884
Required Additional Health Information
611.885
Report Delivery and Recordkeeping
SUBPART V: PUBLIC NOTIFICATION OF DRINKING WATER VIOLATIONS
Section
611.901 General Public Notification Requirements
611.902 Tier 1 Public Notice--Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice
611.903 Tier 2 Public Notice--Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice
611.904 Tier 3 Public Notice--Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice
6
611.905 Content of the Public Notice
611.906 Notice to New Billing Units or New Customers
611.907 Special Notice of the Availability of Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Results
611.908 Special Notice for Exceedance of the Fluoride Secondary Standard
611.909 Special Notice for Nitrate Exceedances above the MCL by a non-Community Water
System
611.910 Notice by the Agency on Behalf of a PWS
611.Appendix A
Mandatory Health Effects InformationRegulated Contaminants
611.Appendix B
Percent Inactivation of G. Lamblia Cysts
611.Appendix C
Common Names of Organic Chemicals
611.Appendix D
Defined Substrate Method for the Simultaneous Detection of Total Coliforms and
Eschericia Coli from Drinking Water
611.Appendix E
Mandatory Lead Public Education Information for Community Water Systems
611.Appendix F
Converting Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) Compliance Values for Consumer
Confidence ReportsMandatory Lead Public Education Information for Non-Transient
Non-Community Water Systems
611.Appendix G
Regulated ContaminantsNPDWR Violations and Situations Requiring Public Notice
611.Appendix H
Standard Health Effects Language for Public Notification
611.Appendix I Acronyms Used in Public Notification Regulation
611.Table A
Total Coliform Monitoring Frequency
611.Table B
Fecal or Total Coliform Density Measurements
611.Table C
Frequency of RDC Measurement
611.Table D
Number of Lead and Copper Monitoring Sites
611.Table E
Lead and Copper Monitoring Start Dates
611.Table F
Number of Water Quality Parameter Sampling Sites
611.Table G
Summary of Monitoring Requirements for Water Quality Parameters
1
611.Table Z
Federal Effective Dates
AUTHORITY: Implementing Sections 7.2, 17, and 17.5 and authorized by Section 27 of the Environmental
Protection Act [415 ILCS 5/7.2, 17, 17.5, and 27].
SOURCE: Adopted in R88-26 at 14 Ill. Reg. 16517, effective September 20, 1990; amended in R90-21 at 14 Ill. Reg.
20448, effective December 11, 1990; amended in R90-13 at 15 Ill. Reg. 1562, effective January 22, 1991; amended in
R91-3 at 16 Ill. Reg. 19010, effective December 1, 1992; amended in R92-3 at 17 Ill. Reg. 7796, effective May 18, 1993;
amended in R93-1 at 17 Ill. Reg. 12650, effective July 23, 1993; amended in R94-4 at 18 Ill. Reg. 12291, effective July
28, 1994; amended in R94-23 at 19 Ill. Reg. 8613, effective June 20, 1995; amended in R95-17 at 20 Ill. Reg. 14493,
effective October 22, 1996; amended in R98-2 at 22 Ill. Reg. 5020, effective March 5, 1998; amended in R99-6 at 23 Ill.
Reg. 2756, effective February 17, 1999; amended in R99-12 at 23 Ill. Reg. 10348, effective August 11, 1999; amended
in R00-8 at 23 Ill. Reg. 14715, effective December 8, 1999; amended in R00-10 at 24 Ill. Reg. 14226 effective
September 11, 2000; amended in R01-7 at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________.
SUBPART A: GENERAL
Section 611.126
Prohibition on Use of Lead
a)
In general. Prohibition. Any pipe, any pipe or plumbing fitting or fixture, solder or flux, shall
must be lead free, as defined by subsection (b) of this Section, if it is used after June 19, 1986 in the
installation or repair of:
1)
Any PWS, or
7
2)
Any plumbing in a residential or nonresidential facility providing water for human
consumption that is connected to a PWS. This subsection (a) does not apply to leaded
joints necessary for the repair of cast iron pipes.
b)
Definition of lead free. For purposes of this Section, the term “lead free”:
1)
When used with respect to solders and flux, refers to solders and flux containing not more
than 0.2 percent lead;
2)
When used with respect to pipes and pipe fittings, refers to pipes and pipe fittings
containing not more than 8.0 percent lead; and
3)
When used with respect to plumbing fittings and fixtures that are intended by the
manufacturer to dispense water for human ingestion, refers to plumbing fittings and
fixtures in compliance with NSF Standard 61, section 9, incorporated by reference in
Section 611.102.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.43(a) and (d) (1998) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2003 (Jan. 12,
2000), and 42 USC 300g-6(a)(1) (1998). USEPA has stated that NSF Standard 61 is the standard for plumbing
fittings and fixtures developed pursuant to 42 USC 300g-6(e). See 62 Fed. Reg. 44684 (Aug. 22, 1997).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.131
Relief Equivalent to SDWA Section 1415(e) Small System Variance
This Section is intended as a State equivalent of Section 1415(e) of the federal SDWA (42 USC 300g-1).
a)
Variances may be obtained from the requirement to comply with an MCL or treatment technique
to a PWS serving fewer than 10,000 persons in this Section. The PWS shall must file a variance
petition pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 104, except as modified or supplemented by this Section.
b)
The Board will grant a small system variance to a PWS serving fewer than 3,300 persons. The
Board will grant a small system variance to a PWS serving more than 3,300 persons but fewer than
10,000 persons with the approval of the USEPA. In determining the number of persons served by
the PWS, the Board will include persons served by consecutive systems. A small system variance
granted to a PWS also applies to any consecutive system served by it.
c)
Availability of a variance.
1)
A small system variance is not available under this Section for an NPDWR for a microbial
contaminant (including a bacterium, virus, or other organism) or an indicator or
treatment technique for a microbial contaminant.
2)
A small system variance under this Section is available for compliance with a requirement
specifying an MCL or treatment technique for a contaminant with respect to which the
following is true:
A)
An NPDWR was promulgated on or after January 1, 1986; and
B)
The USEPA has published a small system variance technology pursuant to
Section 1412(b)(15) of the federal SDWA (42 USC 300g-1(b)(15)).
BOARD NOTE: Small system variances are not available for PWSs above the pre - 1986
8
MCL even if subsequently revised. If the USEPA revises a pre - 1986 MCL and makes it
more stringent, then a variance would be available for that contaminant, but only up to
the pre - 1986 pre-1986 maximum contaminant level.
d)
No small system variance will be in effect until the later of the following:
1)
90 days after the Board proposes to grant the small system variance;
2)
If the Board is proposing to grant a small system variance to a PWS serving fewer than
3,300 persons and the USEPA objects to the small system variance, the date on which the
Board makes the recommended modifications or responds in writing to each objection; or
3)
If the Board is proposing to grant a small system variance to a PWS serving a population
of more than 3,300 and fewer than 10,000 persons, the date the USEPA approves the
small system variance.
e)
As part of the showing of arbitrary or unreasonable hardship, the PWS shall must prove and
document the following to the Board:
1)
The That the PWS is eligible for a small system variance pursuant to subsection (c) of this
Section;
2)
The That the PWS cannot afford to comply with the NPDWR for which a small system
variance is sought, including by the following:
A)
Treatment;
B)
Alternative sources of water supply;
C)
Restructuring or consolidation changes, including ownership change or physical
consolidation with another PWS; or
D)
Obtaining financial assistance pursuant to Section 1452 of the federal SDWA or
any other federal or State program;
3)
The That the PWS meets the source water quality requirements for installing the small
system variance technology developed pursuant to guidance published under Section
1412(b)(15) of the federal SDWA (42 USC 300g-1(b)(15));
4)
The That the PWS is financially and technically capable of installing, operating, and
maintaining the applicable small system variance technology; and
5)
The That the terms and conditions of the small system variance ensure adequate
protection of human health, considering the following:
A)
The quality of the source water for the PWS; and
B)
Removal efficiencies and expected useful life of the small system variance
technology.
f)
Terms and Conditions.
1)
The Board will set the terms and conditions of a small system variance issued under this
Section and will include, at a minimum, the following requirements:
9
A)
Proper and effective installation, operation, and maintenance of the applicable
small system variance technology in accordance with guidance published by the
USEPA, taking into consideration any relevant source water characteristics and
any other site-specific conditions that may affect proper and effective operation
and maintenance of the technology;
B)
Monitoring requirements, for the contaminant for which a small system variance
is sought; and
C)
Any other terms or conditions that are necessary to ensure adequate protection
of public health, which may include:
i)
Public education requirements; and
ii)
Source water protection requirements.
2)
The Board will establish a schedule for the PWS to comply with the terms and conditions
of the small system variance that will include, at a minimum, the following requirements:
A)
Increments of progress, such as milestone dates for the PWS to apply for
financial assistance and begin capital improvements;
B)
Quarterly reporting to the Agency of the PWSs compliance with the terms and
conditions of the small system variance;
C)
Schedule for the Board to review the small system variance; and
BOARD NOTE: Corresponding 40 CFR 142.307(d) (1999) provides that the
states must review variances no less frequently than every five years. Section 36
of the Act provides that 5 years is the maximum terms of a variance.
D)
Compliance with the terms and conditions of the small system variance as soon
as practicable, but not later than three years after the date on which the small
system variance is granted. The Board may allow up to two additional years if
the Board determines that additional time is necessary for the PWS to:
i)
Complete necessary capital improvements to comply with the small
system variance technology, secure an alternative source of water, or
restructure or consolidate; or
ii)
Obtain financial assistance provided pursuant to Section 1452 of the
SDWA or any other federal or State program.
g)
The Board will provide notice and opportunity for a public hearing as provided in 35 Ill. Adm.
Code 104, except as modified or supplemented by this Section.
1)
At least 30 days before the public hearing to discuss the proposed small system variance,
the PWS shall must provide notice to all persons served by the PWS. For billed customers,
this notice must include the information listed in subsection (g)(2) of this Section. For
other persons regularly served by the PWS, notice must provide sufficient information to
alert readers to the proposed variance and direct them to where to receive additional
information, and must be as provided in subsection (g)(1)(B) of this Section. Notice must
be by the following means:
10
A)
Direct mail or other home delivery to billed customers or other service
connections, and
B)
Any other method reasonably calculated to notify, in a brief and concise manner,
other persons regularly served by the PWS. Such methods may include
publication in a local newspaper, posting in public places or delivery to
community organizations.
2)
The notice in subsection (g)(1)(A) of this Section must include, at a minimum, the
following:
A)
Identification of the contaminant(s) for which a small system variance is sought;
B)
A brief statement of the health effects associated with the contaminant(s) for
which a small system variance is sought using language in Appendix HI of this
Part;
C)
The address and telephone number at which interested persons may obtain
further information concerning the contaminant and the small system variance;
D)
A brief summary, in easily understandable terms, of the terms and conditions of
the small system variance;
E)
A description of the consumer petition process under subsection (h) of this
Section and information on contacting the USEPA Regional Office;
F)
A brief statement announcing the public meeting required under subsection
(g)(3) of this Section, including a statement of the purpose of the meeting,
information regarding the time and location for the meeting, and the address
and telephone number at which interested persons may obtain further
information concerning the meeting; and
G)
In communities with a large proportion of non-English-speaking residents, as
determined by the Board, information in the appropriate language regarding the
content and importance of the notice.
3)
The Board will provide for at least one public hearing on the small system variance. The
PWS shall must provide notice in the manner required under subsection (g)(1) of this
Section at least 30 days prior to the public hearing.
4)
Prior to promulgating the final variance, the Board will respond in writing to all
significant public comments received relating to the small system variance. Response to
public comment and any other documentation supporting the issuance of a variance will
be made available to the public after final promulgation.
h)
Any person served by the PWS may petition the USEPA to object to the granting of a small system
variance within 30 days after the Board proposes to grant a small system variance for the PWS.
i)
The Agency shall must promptly send the USEPA the Opinion and Order of the Board granting
the proposed small system variance. The Board will make the recommended modifications,
respond in writing to each objection, or withdraw the proposal to grant the small system variance
if USEPA notifies the Board of a finding pursuant to Section 1415 of the SDWA (42 USC 300g-4).
11
j)
In addition to the requirements of this Section, the provisions of Section 611.111, 611.112, or
611.130 may apply to relief granted pursuant to this Section.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142, Subpart K (1998) (1999).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
SUBPART B: FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION
Section 611.261
Unfiltered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping
A supplier that uses a surface water source and does not provide filtration treatment shall must report monthly to
the Agency the information specified in this Section beginning December 31, 1990, unless the Agency has determined
that filtration is required, in which case the Agency shall must, by special exception permit, specify alternative
reporting requirements, as appropriate, until filtration is in place. A supplier that uses a groundwater source under
the direct influence of surface water and does not provide filtration treatment shall must report monthly to the
Agency the information specified in this Section beginning December 31, 1990, or 6 six months after the Agency
determines that the groundwater source is under the direct influence of surface water, whichever is later, unless the
Agency has determined that filtration is required, in which case the Agency shall must, by special exception permit,
specify alternative reporting requirements, as appropriate, until filtration is in place.
a)
Source water quality information must be reported to the Agency within 10 ten days after the end
of each month the system serves water to the public. Information that must be reported includes:
1)
The cumulative number of months for which results are reported.
2)
The number of fecal or total coliform samples, whichever are analyzed during the month
(if a system monitors for both, only fecal coliforms must be reported), the dates of sample
collection, and the dates when the turbidity level exceeded 1 NTU.
3)
The number of samples during the month that had equal to or less fewer than 20/100 ml
fecal coliforms or equal to or less fewer than 100/100 ml total coliforms, whichever are
analyzed.
4)
The cumulative number of fecal or total coliform samples, whichever are analyzed, during
the previous six months the system served water to the public.
5)
The cumulative number of samples that had equal to or less fewer than 20/100 ml fecal
coliforms or equal to or less than 100/100 ml total coliforms, whichever are analyzed,
during the previous six months the system served water to the public.
6)
The percentage of samples that had equal to or less fewer than 20/100 ml fecal coliforms
or equal to or less fewer than 100/100 ml total coliforms, whichever are analyzed, during
the previous six months the system served water to the public.
7)
The maximum turbidity level measured during the month, the date(s) dates of occurrence
for any measurement(s) measurements which exceeded 5 NTU and the date(s) dates the
occurrence(s) occurrences was reported to the Agency.
8)
For the first 12 months of recordkeeping, the dates and cumulative number of events
during which the turbidity exceeded 5 NTU, and after one year of recordkeeping for
turbidity measurements, the dates and cumulative number of events during which the
12
turbidity exceeded 5 NTU in the previous 12 months the system served water to the
public.
9)
For the first 120 months of recordkeeping, the dates and cumulative number of events
during which the turbidity exceeded 5 NTU, and after 10 ten years of recordkeeping for
turbidity measurements, the dates and cumulative number of events during which the
turbidity exceeded 5 NTU in the previous 120 months the system served water to the
public.
b)
Disinfection information specified in Section 611.532 must be reported to the Agency within 10 ten
days after the end of each month the system serves water to the public. Information that must be
reported includes:
1)
For each day, the lowest measurement of RDC in mg/L in water entering the distribution
system.
2)
The date and duration of each period when the RDC in water entering the distribution
system fell below 0.2 mg/L and when the Agency was notified of the occurrence.
3)
The daily RDC(s) RDCs (in mg/L) and disinfectant contact time(s) times (in minutes) used
for calculating the CT value(s) values.
4)
If chlorine is used, the daily measurement(s) measurements of pH of disinfected water
following each point of chlorine disinfection.
5)
The daily measurement(s) measurements of water temperature in degrees C following
each point of disinfection.
6)
The daily CTcalc and Ai values for each disinfectant measurement or sequence and the
sum of all Ai values (B) before or at the first customer.
7)
The daily determination of whether disinfection achieves adequate Giardia cyst and virus
inactivation, i.e., whether Ai is at least 1.0 or, where disinfectants other than chlorine are
used, other indicator conditions that the Agency, pursuant to Section 611.241(a)(1),
determines are appropriate, are met.
8)
The following information on the samples taken in the distribution system in conjunction
with total coliform monitoring pursuant to Section 611.240 et seq.:
A)
Number of instances where the RDC is measured;
B)
Number of instances where the RDC is not measured but HPC is measured;
C)
Number of instances where the RDC is measured but not detected and no HPC
is measured;
D)
Number of instances where no RDC is detected and where HPC is greater than
500/ml;
E)
Number of instances where the RDC is not measured and HPC is greater than
500/ml;
F)
For the current and previous month the system served water to the public, the
value of “V” in the following formula:
13
V = 100(c + d + e) / (a + b)
where:
a =
Value in subsection (b)(8)(A).
b =
Value in subsection (b)(8)(B).
c =
Value in subsection (b)(8)(C).
d =
Value in subsection (b)(8)(D). And,
e =
Value in subsection (b)(8)(E).
G)
The requirements of subsections (b)(8)(A) through (F) do not apply if the Agency
determines, pursuant to Section 611.213, that a system has no means for having
a sample analyzed for HPC.
9)
A system need not report the data listed in subsections (b)(1), and (b)(3) through (6), if all
data listed in subsections (b)(1) through (b)(8) remain on file at the system, and the
Agency determines, by special exception permit, that:
A)
The system has submitted to the Agency all the information required by
subsections (b)(1) through (8) for at least 12 months; and
B)
The Agency has determined that the system is not required to provide filtration
treatment.
c)
By October 10 of each year, each system shall must provide to the Agency a report which
summarizes its compliance with all watershed control program requirements specified in
611.232(b).
d)
By October 10 of each year, each system shall must provide to the Agency a report on the on-site
inspection conducted during that year pursuant to Section 611.232(c), unless the on-site inspection
was conducted by the Agency. If the inspection was conducted by the Agency, the Agency shall
must provide a copy of its report to the supplier.
e)
Reporting health threats.
1)
Each system, upon discovering that a waterborne disease outbreak potentially attributable
to that water system has occurred, shall must report that occurrence to the Agency as
soon as possible, but no later than by the end of the next business day.
2)
If at any time the turbidity exceeds 5 NTU, the system shall inform must consult with the
Agency as soon as possible practical, but no later than the end of the next business day 24
hours after the exceedance is known, in accordance with the public notification
requirements under Section 611.903(b)(3).
3)
If at any time the RDC falls below 0.2 mg/L in the water entering the distribution system,
the system shall must notify the Agency as soon as possible, but no later than by the end
of the next business day. The system also shall must notify the Agency by the end of the
next business day whether or not the RDC was restored to at least 0.2 mg/L within 4 four
hours.
14
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.75(a) (1989) (1999), as amended at 54 Fed. Reg. 27526, June 29, 1989
26022 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.262
Filtered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping
A supplier that uses a surface water source or a groundwater source under the direct influence of surface water and
provides filtration treatment shall must report monthly to the Agency the information specified in this Section
beginning June 29, 1993, or when filtration is installed, whichever is later.
a)
Turbidity measurements as required by Section 611.533(a) must be reported within 10 days after
the end of each month the system supplier serves water to the public. Information that must be
reported includes:
1)
The total number of filtered water turbidity measurements taken during the month.
2)
The number and percentage of filtered water turbidity measurements taken during the
month which are less than or equal to the turbidity limits specified in Section 611.250 for
the filtration technology being used.
3)
The date and value of any turbidity measurements taken during the month which exceed
5 NTU.
b)
Disinfection information specified in Section 611.533 must be reported to the Agency within 10
days after the end of each month the system supplier serves water to the public. Information that
must be reported includes:
1)
For each day, the lowest measurement of RDC in mg/L in water entering the distribution
system.
2)
The date and duration of each period when the RDC in water entering the distribution
system fell below 0.2 mg/L and when the Agency was notified of the occurrence.
3)
The following information on the samples taken in the distribution system in conjunction
with total coliform monitoring pursuant to Section Sections 611.240 et seq. through
611.242:
A)
Number of instances where the RDC is measured;
B)
Number of instances where the RDC is not measured but HPC is measured;
C)
Number of instances where the RDC is measured but not detected and no HPC
is measured;
D)
Number of instances where no RDC is detected and where HPC is greater than
500/ml;
E)
Number of instances where the RDC is not measured and HPC is greater than
500/ml;
F)
For the current and previous month the system supplier serves water to the
public,the value of "V" in the following formula:
15
V = 100(c + d + e) / (a + b)
(
)
(
)
V
=
100
c + d + e
a
b
+
where:
a =Value in subsection (b)(3)(A) of this Section;.
b =Value in subsection (b)(3)(B) of this Section;.
c =Value in subsection (b)(3)(C) of this Section;.
d =Value in subsection (b)(3)(D) of this Section; and. And,
e =Value in subsection (b)(3)(E) of this Section.
G)
Subsections (b)(3)(A) through (b)(3)(F) of this Section do not apply if the Agency
determines, pursuant to Section 611.213, that a system supplier has no means for
having a sample analyzed for HPC.
c)
Reporting health threats.
1)
Each system supplier, upon discovering that a waterborne disease outbreak potentially
attributable to that water system has occurred, shall must report that occurrence to the
Agency as soon as possible, but no later than by the end of the next business day.
2)
If at any time the turbidity exceeds 5 NTU, the system shall inform supplier must consult
with the Agency as soon as possible practical, but no later than the end of the next
business day 24 hours after the exceedance is known, in accordance with the public
notification requirements under Section 611.903(b)(3).
3)
If at any time the residual falls below 0.2 mg/L in the water entering the distribution
system, the system shall supplier must notify the Agency as soon as possible, but no later
than by the end of the next business day. The system supplier also shall must notify the
Agency by the end of the next business day whether or not the residual was restored to at
least 0.2 mg/L within 4 four hours.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.75(b) (1989) (1999), as amended at 54 65 Fed. Reg. 27526, June 29, 1989
26022 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
16
SUBPART F: MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS (MCLs) AND MAXIMUM RESIDUAL
DISINFECTANT LEVELS (MRDLs)
Section 611.300
Old MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals
a)
The old MCLs listed in subsection (b) below of this Section for inorganic chemicals apply only to
CWS suppliers. Compliance with old MCLs for inorganic chemicals is calculated pursuant to
Section 611.612, except that analyses for arsenic are to be performed pursuant to Section 611.611.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.11(a) (1995) (1999).
b)
The following are the old MCL’s for inorganic chemicals:
Contaminant
Level, mg/L
Additional State
Requirement (*)
Arsenic
0.05
Iron
1.0
*
Manganese
0.15
*
Zinc
5.
*
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.11(b) & (c) (1995) (1999). This provision, which
corresponds with 40 CFR 141.11, was formerly the only listing of MCLs for inorganic parameters.
However, USEPA added another listing of inorganic MCLs at 40 CFR 141.62 at 56 Fed. Reg. 3594
(Jan. 30, 1991), which corresponds with Section 611.301.
c)
This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.11(c) (1995) (1999), marked as reserved by USEPA.
This statement maintains structural parity with the federal rules.
d)
Nitrate.
Non-CWSs may exceed the MCL for nitrate under the following circumstances:
A1)
The nitrate level must not exceed 20 mg/L,
B2)
The water must not be available to children under six months of age,
C3)
There will be The NCWS supplier is meeting the public notification requirements under
Section 611.909, including continuous posting of the fact that the nitrate level exceeds 10
mg/L together with the public potential health effects information set forth in paragraph
(2) of Section 611.Appendix A exposure,
D4)
The supplier will annually notify local public health authorities and Public Health of the
nitrate levels that exceed 10 mg/L, and
E5)
No adverse public health effects result.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.11(d) (1995) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 26022
(May 4, 2000). Public Health regulations may impose a nitrate limitation requirement. Those
regulations are at 77 Ill. Adm. Code 900.50.
e)
The following supplementary condition applies to the MCLs listed in subsection (b) above of this
Section for iron and manganese:
17
1)
CWS suppliers that serve a population of 1000 or less fewer, or 300 service connections or
less fewer, are exempt from the standards for iron and manganese.
2)
The Agency may, by special exception permit, allow iron and manganese in excess of the
MCL if sequestration tried on an experimental basis proves to be effective. If sequestration
is not effective, positive iron or manganese reduction treatment as applicable must be
provided. Experimental use of a sequestering agent may be tried only if approved by
special exception permit.
BOARD NOTE: This is The requirements of subsection (e) of this Section are an additional State
requirement.
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
SUBPART G: LEAD AND COPPER
Section 611.351
Applicability of Corrosion Control
a)
Corrosion control required. Suppliers shall must complete the applicable corrosion control
treatment requirements described in Section 611.352 on or before the deadlines set forth in this
Section.
1)
Large systems. Each large system supplier (one regularly serving more than 50,000
persons) shall must complete the corrosion control treatment steps specified in subsection
(d) below of this Section, unless it is deemed to have optimized corrosion control under
subsection (b)(2) or (b)(3) below of this Section.
2)
Medium-sized and small systems. Each small system supplier (one regularly serving 3300
or fewer persons) and each medium-sized system (one regularly serving more than 3,300
up to 50,000 or fewer persons) shall must complete the corrosion control treatment steps
specified in subsection (e) below of this Section, unless it is deemed to have optimized
corrosion control under one of subsections (b)(1), (b)(2), or (b)(3) below of this Section.
b)
Suppliers deemed to have optimized corrosion control. A supplier is deemed to have optimized
corrosion control, and is not required to complete the applicable corrosion control treatment steps
identified in this Section, if the supplier satisfies one of the following criteria: specified in
subsections (b)(1) through (b)(3) of this Section. Any such system deemed to have optimized
corrosion control under this subsection, and which has treatment in place, must continue to
operate and maintain optimal corrosion control treatment and meet any requirements that the
Agency determines are appropriate to ensure optimal corrosion control treatment is maintained.
1)
Small or medium-sized system meeting action levels. A small system or medium-sized
system supplier is deemed to have optimized corrosion control if the system meets the lead
and copper action levels during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods
with monitoring conducted in accordance with Section 611.356.
2)
SEP for equivalent activities to corrosion control. The Agency shall must, by a SEP
granted pursuant to Section 611.110, deem any supplier to have optimized corrosion
control treatment if it determines that the supplier has conducted activities equivalent to
the corrosion control steps applicable under this Section. In making this determination,
the Agency shall must specify the water quality control parameters representing optimal
corrosion control in accordance with Section 611.352(f). A water supplier that is deemed
to have optimized corrosion control under this subsection (b)(2) must operate in
18
compliance with the Agency-designated optimal water quality control parameters in
accordance with Section 611.352(g) and must continue to conduct lead and copper tap
and water quality parameter sampling in accordance with Sections 611.356(d)(3) and
611.357(d), respectively. A supplier shall must provide the Agency with the following
information in order to support an Agency SEP determination under this subsection:
A)
the The results of all test samples collected for each of the water quality
parameters in Section 611.352(c)(3);
B)
a A report explaining the test methods the supplier used to evaluate the
corrosion control treatments listed in Section 611.352(c)(1), the results of all tests
conducted, and the basis for the supplier’s selection of optimal corrosion control
treatment;
C)
a A report explaining how the supplier has installed corrosion control and how
the supplier maintains it to insure minimal lead and copper concentrations at
consumer’s taps; and
D)
the The results of tap water samples collected in accordance with Section
611.356 at least once every six months for one year after corrosion control has
been installed.
3)
Results less than practical quantitation level (PQL) for lead. Any supplier is deemed to
have optimized corrosion control if it submits results of tap water monitoring conducted
in accordance with Section 611.356 and source water monitoring conducted in
accordance with Section 611.358 that demonstrate that for two consecutive six-month
monitoring periods the difference between the 90th percentile tap water lead level,
computed pursuant to Section 611.350(c)(3), and the highest source water lead
concentration is less than the practical quantitation level for lead specified in Section
611.359(a)(1)(B)(i).
A) Those systems whose highest source water lead level is below the method
detection limit (MDL) may also be deemed to have optimized corrosion control
under this subsection (b) if the 90th percentile tap water lead level is less than or
equal to the PQL for lead for two consecutive 6-month monitoring periods.
B) Any water system deemed to have optimized corrosion control in accordance
with this subsection must continue monitoring for lead and copper at the tap no
less frequently than once every three calendar years using the reduced number of
sites specified in Section 611.356(c) and collecting the samples at times and
locations specified in Section 611.356(d)(4)(D). Any such system that has not
conducted a round of monitoring pursuant to Section 611.356(d) since
September 30, 1997, must complete a round of monitoring pursuant to this
subsection (b) no later than September 30, 2000.
BOARD NOTE: USEPA specified September 30, 2000 at 40 CFR 141.81(b)(3)(ii)
(1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2004 (Jan. 12, 2000). In order to remain
identical-in-substance and to retain state primacy, the Board retained this date
despite the fact that this Section became effective after that date.
C) Any water system deemed to have optimized corrosion control pursuant to this
subsection must notify the Agency in writing pursuant to Section 611.360(a)(3)
of any change in treatment or the addition of a new source. The Agency must
require any such system to conduct additional monitoring or to take other action
19
if the Agency determines that the additional monitoring is necessary and
appropriate to ensure that the supplier maintains minimal levels of corrosion in
its distribution system.
D) As of July 12, 2001, a supplier is not deemed to have optimized corrosion control
under this subsection (b), and must implement corrosion control treatment
pursuant to subsection (b)(3)(E) of this Section, unless it meets the copper action
level.
E) Any supplier triggered into corrosion control because it is no longer deemed to
have optimized corrosion control under this subsection must implement
corrosion control treatment in accordance with the deadlines in subsection (e) of
this Section. Any such large system supplier must adhere to the schedule
specified in that subsection for a medium-size system supplier, with the time
periods for completing each step being triggered by the date the supplier is no
longer deemed to have optimized corrosion control under this subsection (b).
c)
Suppliers not required to complete corrosion control steps for having met both action levels.
1)
Any small system or medium-sized system supplier, otherwise required to complete the
corrosion control steps due to its exceedance of the lead or copper action level, may cease
completing the treatment steps after the supplier has fulfilled both of the following
conditions:
A)
It has met both the copper action level and the lead action level during each of
two consecutive six-month monitoring periods conducted pursuant to Section
611.356, and
B)
the supplier has submitted the results for those two consecutive six-month
monitoring periods to the Agency.
2)
A supplier that has ceased completing the corrosion control steps pursuant to subsection
(c)(1) above of this Section (or the Agency, if appropriate) shall must resume completion
of the applicable treatment steps, beginning with the first treatment step that the supplier
previously did not complete in its entirety, if the supplier thereafter exceeds the lead or
copper action level during any monitoring period.
3)
The Agency may, by SEP, require a supplier to repeat treatment steps previously
completed by the supplier where it determines that this is necessary to properly
implement the treatment requirements of this Section. Any such SEP shall must explain
the basis for this decision.
4)
The requirement for any small or medium-sized system supplier to implement corrosion
control treatment steps in accordance with subsection (e) below of this Section (including
systems deemed to have optimized corrosion control under subsection (b)(1) above of this
Section) is triggered whenever any small or medium-sized system supplier exceeds the
lead or copper action level.
d)
Treatment steps and deadlines for large systems. Except as provided in subsections (b)(2) and
(b)(3) above of this Section, large system suppliers shall must complete the following corrosion
control treatment steps (described in the referenced portions of Sections 611.352, 611.356, and
611.357) on or before the indicated dates.
20
1)
Step 1: The supplier shall must conduct initial monitoring (Sections 611.356(d)(1) and
611.357(b)) during two consecutive six-month monitoring periods on or before January 1,
1993.
BOARD NOTE: U.S. EPA USEPA specified January 1, 1993 at 40 CFR 141.81(d)(1)
(1999). In order to remain identical-in-substance and to retain state primacy, the Board
retained this date despite the fact that this Section became effective after that date.
2)
Step 2: The supplier shall must complete corrosion control studies (Section 611.352(c)) on
or before July 1, 1994.
3)
Step 3: The Agency shall must approve optimal corrosion control treatment (Section
611.352(d)) by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110 on or before January 1, 1995.
4)
Step 4: The supplier shall must install optimal corrosion control treatment (Section
611.352(e)) by January 1, 1997.
5)
Step 5: The supplier shall must complete follow-up sampling (Sections 611.356(d)(2) and
611.357(c)) by January 1, 1998.
6)
Step 6: The Agency shall must review installation of treatment and approve optimal
water quality control parameters (Section 611.352(f)) by July 1, 1998.
7)
Step 7: The supplier shall must operate in compliance with the Agency-specified optimal
water quality control parameters (Section 611.352(g)) and continue to conduct tap
sampling (Sections 611.356(d)(3) and 611.357(d)).
e)
Treatment steps and deadlines for small and medium-sized system suppliers. Except as provided
in subsection (b) above of this Section, small and medium-sized system suppliers shall must
complete the following corrosion control treatment steps (described in the referenced portions of
Sections 611.352, 611.356 and 611.357) by the indicated time periods.
1)
Step 1: The supplier shall must conduct initial tap sampling (Sections 611.356(d)(1) and
611.357(b)) until the supplier either exceeds the lead action level or the copper action level
or it becomes eligible for reduced monitoring under Section 611.356(d)(4). A supplier
exceeding the lead action level or the copper action level shall must recommend optimal
corrosion control treatment (Section 611.352(a)) within six months after it exceeds one of
the action levels.
2)
Step 2: Within 12 months after a supplier exceeds the lead action level or the copper
action level, the Agency may require the supplier to perform corrosion control studies
(Section 611.352(b)). If the Agency does not require the supplier to perform such studies,
the Agency shall must, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, specify optimal
corrosion control treatment (Section 611.352(d)) within the following timeframes:
A)
for medium-sized systems, within 18 months after such supplier exceeds the lead
action level or the copper action level,
B)
for small systems, within 24 months after such supplier exceeds the lead action
level or the copper action level.
3)
Step 3: If the Agency requires a supplier to perform corrosion control studies under step 2
(subsection (e)(2) above of this Section), the supplier shall must complete the studies
21
(Section 611.352(c)) within 18 months after the Agency requires that such studies be
conducted.
4)
Step 4: If the supplier has performed corrosion control studies under step 2 (subsection
(e)(2) above of this Section), the Agency shall must, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section
611.110, approve optimal corrosion control treatment (Section 611.352(d)) within 6 six
months after completion of step 3 (subsection (e)(3) above of this Section).
5)
Step 5: The supplier shall must install optimal corrosion control treatment (Section
611.352(e)) within 24 months after the Agency approves such treatment.
6)
Step 6: The supplier shall must complete follow-up sampling (Sections 611.356(d)(2) and
611.357(c)) within 36 months after the Agency approves optimal corrosion control
treatment.
7)
Step 7: The Agency shall must review the supplier’s installation of treatment and, by a
SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, approve optimal water quality control
parameters (Section 611.352(f)) within 6 six months after completion of step 6 (subsection
(e)(6) above of this Section).
8)
Step 8: The supplier shall must operate in compliance with the Agency-approved optimal
water quality control parameters (Section 611.352(g)) and continue to conduct tap
sampling (Sections 611.356(d)(3) and 611.357(d)).
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.81 (1994) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2004 (Jan. 12, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.352
Corrosion Control Treatment
Each supplier shall must complete the corrosion control treatment requirements described below that are applicable
to such supplier under Section 611.351.
a)
System recommendation regarding corrosion control treatment.
1)
Based on the results of lead and copper tap monitoring and water quality parameter
monitoring, small and medium-sized system suppliers exceeding the lead action level or
the copper action level shall must recommend to the Agency installation of one or more of
the corrosion control treatments listed in subsection (c)(1) below of this Section that the
supplier believes constitutes optimal corrosion control for its system.
2)
The Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, require the supplier to
conduct additional water quality parameter monitoring in accordance with Section
611.357(b) to assist it in reviewing the supplier’s recommendation.
b)
Agency-required studies of corrosion control treatment. The Agency may, by a SEP issued
pursuant to Section 611.110, require any small or medium-sized system supplier that exceeds the
lead action level or the copper action level to perform corrosion control studies under subsection (c)
below of this Section to identify optimal corrosion control treatment for its system.
c)
Performance of studies:
22
1)
Any supplier performing corrosion control studies shall must evaluate the effectiveness of
each of the following treatments, and, if appropriate, combinations of the following
treatments, to identify the optimal corrosion control treatment for its system:
A)
alkalinity Alkalinity and pH adjustment;
B)
calcium Calcium hardness adjustment; and
C)
the The addition of a phosphate- or silicate-based corrosion inhibitor at a
concentration sufficient to maintain an effective residual concentration in all test
tap samples.
2)
The supplier shall must evaluate each of the corrosion control treatments using either pipe
rig/loop tests; metal coupon tests; partial-system tests; or analyses based on documented
analogous treatments in other systems of similar size, water chemistry, and distribution
system configuration.
3)
The supplier shall must measure the following water quality parameters in any tests
conducted under this subsection before and after evaluating the corrosion control
treatments listed above:
A)
leadLead;
B)
copperCopper;
C)
pH;
D)
alkalinityAlkalinity;
E)
calciumCalcium;
F)
conductivityConductivity;
G)
orthophosphate Orthophosphate (when an inhibitor containing a phosphate
compound is used);
H)
silicate Silicate (when an inhibitor containing a silicate compound is used); and
I)
water Water temperature.
4)
The supplier shall must identify all chemical or physical constraints that limit or prohibit
the use of a particular corrosion control treatment, and document such constraints with
at least one of the following:
A)
data Data and documentation showing that a particular corrosion control
treatment has adversely affected other water treatment processes when used by
another supplier with comparable water quality characteristics; or
B)
data Data and documentation demonstrating that the supplier has previously
attempted to evaluate a particular corrosion control treatment, finding either
that the treatment is ineffective or it adversely affects other water quality
treatment processes.
23
5)
The supplier shall must evaluate the effect of the chemicals used for corrosion control
treatment on other water quality treatment processes.
6)
On the basis of an analysis of the data generated during each evaluation, the supplier
shall must recommend to the Agency, in writing, that treatment option the corrosion
control studies indicate constitutes optimal corrosion control treatment for its system. The
supplier shall must provide a rationale for its recommendation, along with all supporting
documentation specified in subsections (c)(1) through (c)(5) above of this Section.
d)
Agency approval of treatment:
1)
Based on consideration of available information including, where applicable, studies
performed under subsection (c) above of this Section and a supplier’s recommended
treatment alternative, the Agency shall must, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section
611.110, either approve the corrosion control treatment option recommended by the
supplier, or deny and require investigation and recommendation of alternative corrosion
control treatment(s) treatments from among those listed in subsection (c)(1) above of this
Section. When approving optimal treatment, the Agency shall must consider the effects
that additional corrosion control treatment will have on water quality parameters and on
other water quality treatment processes.
2)
The Agency shall must, in any SEP issued under subsection (d)(1) above of this Section,
notify the supplier of the basis for this determination.
e)
Installation of optimal corrosion control. Each supplier shall must properly install and operate,
throughout its distribution system, that optimal corrosion control treatment approved by the
Agency pursuant to subsection (d) above of this Section.
f)
Agency review of treatment and specification of optimal water quality control parameters. The
Agency shall must evaluate the results of all lead and copper tap samples and water quality
parameter samples submitted by the supplier and determine whether it has properly installed and
operated the optimal corrosion control treatment approved pursuant to subsection (d) above of this
Section.
1)
Upon reviewing the results of tap water and water quality parameter monitoring by the
supplier, both before and after the installation of optimal corrosion control treatment, the
Agency shall must, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, specify the following:
A)
a A minimum value or a range of values for pH measured at each entry point to
the distribution system;
B)
a A minimum pH value, measured in all tap samples. Such value shall must be
equal to or greater than 7.0, unless the Agency determines that meeting a pH
level of 7.0 is not technologically feasible or is not necessary for the supplier to
optimize corrosion control;
C)
if If a corrosion inhibitor is used, a minimum concentration or a range of
concentrations for the inhibitor, measured at each entry point to the distribution
system and in all tap samples, that the Agency determines is necessary to form a
passivating film on the interior walls of the pipes of the distribution system;
24
D)
if If alkalinity is adjusted as part of optimal corrosion control treatment, a
minimum concentration or a range of concentrations for alkalinity, measured at
each entry point to the distribution system and in all tap samples;
E)
if If calcium carbonate stabilization is used as part of corrosion control, a
minimum concentration or a range of concentrations for calcium, measured in
all tap samples.
2)
The values for the applicable water quality control parameters listed in subsection (f)(1)
above of this Section shall must be those that the Agency determines reflect optimal
corrosion control treatment for the supplier.
3)
The Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, approve values for
additional water quality control parameters determined by the Agency to reflect optimal
corrosion control for the supplier’s system.
4)
The Agency shall must, in issuing a SEP, explain these determinations to the supplier,
along with the basis for its decisions.
g)
Continued Operation and Monitoring. All suppliers optimizing corrosion control must continue to
operate and maintain optimal corrosion control treatment, including maintaining water quality
parameter values at or above minimum values or within ranges approved by the Agency under
subsection (f) of this Section, in each sample accordance with this subsection for all samples
collected under Sections 611.357(d) through (f). Compliance with the requirements of this
subsection (g) must be determined every six months, as specified under Section 611.357(d). A
water system is out of compliance with the requirements of this subsection for a six-month period if
it has excursions for any Agency-specified parameter on more than nine days during the period.
An excursion occurs whenever the daily value for one or more of the water quality parameters
measured at a sampling location is below the minimum value or outside the range designated by
the Agency. Daily values are calculated as provided in subsections (g)(1) through (g)(3) of this
Section. The Agency must delete results that it determines are obvious sampling errors from this
calculation.
1) On days when more than one measurement for the water quality parameter is collected at
the sampling location, the daily value must be the average of all results collected during
the day regardless of whether the samples are collected through continuous monitoring,
grab sampling, or a combination of both.
BOARD NOTE: Corresponding 40 CFR 141.82(g)(1) further provides as follows: If
USEPA approves an alternative formula under 40 CFR 142.16 in the State’s application
for a program revision submitted pursuant to 40 CFR 142.12, the State’s formula must be
used to aggregate multiple measurements taken at a sampling point for the water quality
parameter in lieu of the formula in this subsection.
2) On days when only one measurement for the water quality parameter is collected at the
sampling location, the daily value must be the result of that measurement.
3) On days when no measurement is collected for the water quality parameter at the
sampling location, the daily value must be the daily value calculated on the most recent
day on which the water quality parameter was measured at the sample site.
1) All suppliers shall maintain water quality parameter values at or above minimum values
or within ranges approved by the Agency under subsection (f) above, in each sample
collected under Section 611.357(d).
25
2) If the water quality parameter value of any sample is below the minimum value or outside
the range approved by the Agency, then the supplier is out of compliance with this
subsection.
3) As specified in Section 611.357(d)(3), the supplier may take a confirmation sample for any
water quality parameter value no later than 3 days after the first sample. If a
confirmation sample is taken, the result must be averaged with the first sampling result,
and the average must be used for any compliance determinations under this subsection.
The Agency may delete results of obvious sampling errors from this calculation.
h)
Modification of Agency treatment decisions.
1)
On its own initiative, or in response to a request by a supplier, the Agency may, by a SEP
issued pursuant to this subsection and Section 611.110, modify its determination of the
optimal corrosion control treatment under subsection (d) above of this Section or of the
optimal water quality control parameters under subsection (f) above of this Section.
2)
A request for modification must be in writing, explain why the modification is
appropriate, and provide supporting documentation.
3)
The Agency may modify its determination where it determines that such change is
necessary to ensure that the supplier continues to optimize corrosion control treatment. A
revised determination must set forth the new treatment requirements, explain the basis for
the Agency’s decision, and provide an implementation schedule for completing the
treatment modifications.
4)
Any interested person may submit information to the Agency bearing on whether the
Agency should, within its discretion, issue a SEP to modify its determination pursuant to
subsection (h)(1) above of this Section. An Agency determination not to act on a
submission of such information by an interested person is not an Agency determination
for the purposes of Sections 39 and 40 of the Act.
i)
Treatment decisions by USEPA. Pursuant to the procedures in 40 CFR 142.19, the USEPA
Regional Administrator has reserved the prerogative to review treatment determinations made by
the Agency under subsections (d), (f), or (h) above of this Section and issue federal treatment
determinations consistent with the requirements of 40 CFR 141.82(d), (e), or (h), where the
Regional Administrator finds that the following is true:
1)
the The Agency has failed to issue a treatment determination by the applicable deadlines
contained in Section 611.351 (40 CFR 141.81),
2)
the The Agency has abused its discretion in a substantial number of cases or in cases
affecting a substantial population, or
3)
the The technical aspects of the Agency’s determination would be indefensible in an
expected federal enforcement action taken against a supplier.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.82 (1992) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2004 (Jan. 12, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
26
Section 611.354
Lead Service Line Replacement
a)
Suppliers required to replace lead service lines.
1)
If the results from tap samples taken pursuant to Section 611.356(d)(2) exceed the lead
action level after the supplier has installed corrosion control or source water treatment
(whichever sampling occurs later), the supplier shall must recommence replacing lead
service lines in accordance with the requirements of subsection (b) below of this Section.
2)
If a supplier is in violation of Section 611.351 or Section 611.353 for failure to install
source water or corrosion control treatment, the Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant to
Section 611.110, require the supplier to commence lead service line replacement under
this Section after the date by which the supplier was required to conduct monitoring
under Section 611.356(d)(2) has passed.
b)
Annual replacement of lead service lines.
1)
A supplier required to commence lead service line replacement pursuant to subsection (a)
above of this Section shall must annually replace at least 7 seven percent of the initial
number of lead service lines in its distribution system.
2)
The initial number of lead service lines is the number of lead lines in place at the time the
replacement program begins.
3)
The supplier shall must identify the initial number of lead service lines in its distribution
system, including an identification of the portions of the system owned by the supplier,
based on a materials evaluation, including the evaluation required under Section
611.356(a) and relevant legal authorities (e.g. contracts, local ordinances) regarding the
portion owned by the system.
4)
The first year of lead service line replacement shall must begin on the date the supplier
exceeded the action level in tap sampling referenced in subsection (a) above of this
Section.
c)
Service lines not needing replacement. A supplier is not required to replace any individual lead
service line for which the lead concentrations in all service line samples taken from that line
pursuant to Section 611.356(b)(3) are less than or equal to 0.015 mg/L.
d) A water supplier must replace that portion of the lead service line that it owns. In cases where the
supplier does not own the entire lead service line, the supplier must notify the owner of the line, or
the owner’s authorized agent, that the supplier will replace the portion of the service line that it
owns and must offer to replace the owner’s portion of the line. A supplier is not required to bear
the cost of replacing the privately-owned portion of the line, nor is it required to replace the
privately-owned portion where the owner chooses not to pay the cost of replacing the privately-
owned portion of the line, or where replacing the privately-owned portion would be precluded by
State, local or common law. A water supplier that does not replace the entire length of the service
line also must complete the following tasks:
1) Notice Prior to Commencement of Work.
A) At least 45 days prior to commencing the partial replacement of a lead service
line, the water supplier must provide notice to the residents of all buildings
served by the line explaining that they may experience a temporary increase of
lead levels in their drinking water, along with guidance on measures consumers
27
can take to minimize their exposure to lead.
B) The Agency, by issuing an appropriate SEP, may allow the water supplier to
provide notice under the previous sentence less than 45 days prior to
commencing partial lead service line replacement where it determines that such
replacement is in conjunction with emergency repairs.
C) In addition, the water supplier must inform the residents served by the line that
the supplier will, at the supplier’s expense, collect a sample from each partially-
replaced lead service line that is representative of the water in the service line for
analysis of lead content, as prescribed by Section 611.356(b)(3), within 72 hours
after the completion of the partial replacement of the service line. The supplier
must collect the sample and report the results of the analysis to the owner and
the residents served by the line within three business days of receiving the
results.
D) Mailed notices post-marked within three business days of receiving the results
must be considered “on time.”
2) The water supplier must provide the information required by subsection (d)(1) of this
Section to the residents of individual dwellings by mail or by other methods approved by
the Agency by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110. In instances where multi-family
dwellings are served by the service line, the water supplier must have the option to post
the information at a conspicuous location.
d) Replacement of service line.
1) A supplier required to replace a lead service line pursuant to subsection (a) above shall
replace the entire service line (up to the building inlet) unless the Agency determines
pursuant to subsection (e) below that the supplier controls less than the entire service line.
2) Replacement of less than the entire service line.
A) Where the Agency has determined that the supplier controls less than the entire
service line, the supplier shall replace that portion of the line that the Agency
determines is under the supplier’s control.
B) The supplier that will replace less than the entire service line shall notify the user
served by the line that the supplier will replace that portion of the service line
under its control, and the supplier shall offer to replace the remaining portion of
the service line that is under the building owner’s control.
C) The supplier required to replace less than the entire service line is not required to
bear the cost of replacing any portion of the service line that is under the
building owner’s control.
D) Offer to collect samples.
i) For buildings where only a portion of the lead service line is replaced,
the supplier shall inform the resident(s) that the supplier will collect a
first draw tap water sample after partial replacement of the service line
is completed if the resident(s) so desire.
28
ii) In cases where the resident(s) accept the offer, the supplier shall collect
the sample and report the results to the resident(s) within 14 days
following partial lead service line replacement.
e) Control of entire service line.
1) A supplier is presumed to control the entire lead service line (up to the building inlet)
unless the supplier demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Agency, in a letter submitted
under Section 611.360(e)(4), that it does not have any of the following forms of control
over the entire line (as defined by state statutes, municipal ordinances, public service
contracts or other applicable legal authority):
A) authority to set standards for construction, repair, or maintenance of the line;
B) authority to replace, repair, or maintain the service line; or
C) ownership of the service line.
2) Agency determinations.
A) The Agency shall review the information provided by the supplier and determine
the following:
i) whether the supplier controls less than the entire service line, and
ii) where the supplier controls less than the entire service line, the Agency
shall determine the extent of the supplier’s control.
B) The Agency shall make its determination of the extent of a supplier’s control of a
service line as a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110, and the Agency shall explain
the basis for its determination.
BOARD NOTE: See Section 611.360(e)(4) and the Board Note that follows. The court in American
Water Works Association v. EPA, 40 F.3d 1266 (D.C. Cir. 1994), vacated U.S. EPA’s definition of
“control” to the extent it would require the supplier to exert “control” over a privately-owned
service connection. The Board does not intend that the Illinois definition give the State regulations
more effect than the federal definition gives the U.S. EPA regulations.
fe)
Agency determination of shorter replacement schedule.
1)
The Agency shall must, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, require a supplier to
replace lead service lines on a shorter schedule than that otherwise required by this
Section if it determines, taking into account the number of lead service lines in the system,
that such a shorter replacement schedule is feasible.
2)
The Agency shall must notify the supplier of its finding pursuant to subsection (f)(1)
above (e)(1) of this Section within 6 six months after the supplier is triggered into lead
service line replacement based on monitoring, as referenced in subsection (a) above of this
Section.
gf)
Cessation of service line replacement.
1)
Any supplier may cease replacing lead service lines whenever it fulfills both of the
following conditions:
29
A)
first First draw tap samples collected pursuant to Section 611.356(b)(2) meet the
lead action level during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods
and
B)
the The supplier has submitted those results to the Agency.
2)
If any of the supplier’s first draw tap samples thereafter exceed the lead action level, the
supplier shall must recommence replacing lead service lines pursuant to subsection (b)
above of this Section.
hg)
To demonstrate compliance with subsections (a) through (d) above of this Section, a supplier shall
must report to the Agency the information specified in Section 611.360(e).
BOARD NOTE Derived from 40 CFR 141.84 (1994) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2005 (Jan. 12, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.355
Public Education and Supplemental Monitoring
A supplier that exceeds the lead action level based on tap water samples collected in accordance with Section
611.356 shall must deliver the public education materials required by subsections (a) and (b) below of this Section in
accordance with the requirements of subsection (c) below of this Section.
a)
Content of written materials.
1) Community water systems. A CWS supplier shall must include the text set forth in
Section 611.Appendix E of this Part in all of the printed materials it distributes through its
lead public education program. A supplier may delete information pertaining to lead
service lines, upon approval by the Agency by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, if
no lead service lines exist anywhere in the water system service area. Public education
language at paragraphs (4)(B)(5) and (4)(D)(2) of Appendix E of this Part may be
modified regarding building permit record availability and consumer access to these
records, if approved by the Agency by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110. A
supplier may also continue to utilize pre-printed materials that meet the public education
language requirements in 40 CFR 141.85 (1991). Any additional information presented
by a supplier shall must be consistent with the information in Section 611.Appendix E of
this Part and be in plain English that can be understood by laypersons lay persons.
BOARD NOTE: At corresponding 40 CFR 141.85(a)(1) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed.
Reg. 2005 (Jan. 12, 2000), USEPA allowed the use of pre-printed copies of the public
notices whose content met the requirements of the original lead an copper rule adopted
on June 7, 1991 (56 Fed. Reg. 26548). Rather than reference a prior version of this Section
of the Illinois rules, the Board has retained the federal reference to the prior requirements
in this subsection (a)(1).
2) Non-transient non-community water systems. A NTNCWS must either include the text
specified in subsection (a)(1) of this Section or must include the text set forth in Appendix
F of this Part in all of the printed materials it distributes through its lead public education
program. A water supplier may delete information pertaining to lead service lines upon
approval by the Agency by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110 if no lead service
lines exist anywhere in the water system service area. Any additional information
presented by a supplier must be consistent with the information below and be in plain
English that can be understood by lay persons.
30
b)
Content of broadcast materials. A supplier shall must include the following information in all
public service announcements submitted under its lead public education program to television and
radio stations for broadcast:
1)
Why should everyone want to know the facts about lead and drinking water? Because
unhealthy amounts of lead can enter drinking water through the plumbing in your home.
That’s why I urge you to do what I did. I had my water tested for [insert free or $ per
sample]. You can contact the [insert the name of the city or supplier] for information on
testing and on simple ways to reduce your exposure to lead in drinking water.
2)
To have your water tested for lead, or to get more information about this public health
concern, please call [insert the phone number of the city or supplier].
c)
Delivery of a public education program.
1)
In communities where a significant proportion of the population speaks a language other
than English, public education materials shall must be communicated in the appropriate
language(s) languages.
2)
A CWS supplier that exceeds the lead action level on the basis of tap water samples
collected in accordance with Section 611.356 and which is not already repeating public
education tasks pursuant to subsection (c)(3), (c)(7), or (c)(8) of this Section shall must,
within 60 days, do each of the following:
A)
insert Insert notices in each customer’s water utility bill or disseminate to each
customer by separately mailing a notice containing the information required by
subsection (a)(1) above of this Section, along with the following alert in large
print on the water bill itself: “SOME HOMES IN THIS COMMUNITY HAVE
ELEVATED LEAD LEVELS IN THEIR DRINKING WATER. LEAD CAN POSE
A SIGNIFICANT RISK TO YOUR HEALTH. PLEASE READ THE ENCLOSED
NOTICE FOR FURTHER INFORMATION.” A CWS supplier having a billing
cycle that does not include a billing within 60 days of exceeding the action level
or a CWS supplier that cannot insert information in the water utility bill without
making major changes to its billing system may use a separate mailing to deliver
the information in subsection (a)(1) of this Section, as long as the information is
delivered to each customer within 60 days of exceeding the action level. Such a
water supplier must also include the “alert” language specified in this subsection
(c)(2)(A);
B)
submit Submit the information required by subsection (a)(1) above of this Section
to the editorial departments of the major daily and weekly newspapers
circulated throughout the community;
C)
deliver Deliver pamphlets or brochures that contain the public education
materials in subsections paragraphs (a)(2) and (a)(4) above of Appendix E of this
Part to facilities and organizations, including the following:
i)
public Public schools or local school boards;
ii)
the The city or county health department;
iii)
Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and Head Start program(s)
programs, whenever available;
31
iv)
public Public and private hospitals and clinics;
v)
pediatriciansPediatricians;
vi)
family Family planning clinics; and
vii)
local Local welfare agencies; and
D)
submit Submit the public service announcement in subsection (b) above of this
Section to at least five of the radio and television stations with the largest
audiences within the community served by the supplier.
3)
A CWS supplier shall must repeat the tasks contained in subsections (c)(2)(A) through
(c)(2)(D) above of this Section for as long as the supplier exceeds the lead action level, at
the following minimum frequency:
A)
those Those of subsections (c)(2)(A) through (c)(2)(C) above of this Section:
every 12 months, and
B)
those Those of subsection (c)(2)(D) above of this Section every 6 six months.
4)
Within 60 days after it exceeds the lead action level (unless it already is repeating public
education tasks pursuant to subsection (c)(5) of this Section), a NTNCWS supplier shall
must deliver the public education materials contained in Section 611.Appendix E(1), (2),
and (4) Appendix E or F of this Part, as follows:
A)
post Post informational posters on lead in drinking water in a public place or
common area in each of the buildings served by the supplier; and
B)
distribute Distribute informational pamphlets or brochures on lead in drinking
water to each person served by the NTNCWS supplier. The Agency may, by a
SEP granted pursuant to Section 611.110, allow the system to utilize electronic
transmission in lieu of or combined with printed materials as long as it achieves
at least the same coverage.
5)
A NTNCWS supplier shall must repeat the tasks contained in subsection (c)(4) above of
this Section at least once during each calendar year in which the supplier exceeds the lead
action level.
6)
A supplier may discontinue delivery of public education materials after it has met the lead
action level during the most recent six-month monitoring period conducted pursuant to
Section 611.356. Such a supplier shall must begin public education anew in accordance
with this Section if it subsequently exceeds the lead action level during any six-month
monitoring period.
7) A CWS supplier may apply to the Agency, in writing, to use the text specified in
Appendix F of this Part in lieu of the text in Appendix E of this Part and to perform the
tasks listed in subsections (c)(4) and (c)(5) of this Section in lieu of the tasks in subsections
(c)(2) and (c)(3) of this section if:
A) The supplier is a facility, such as a prison or a hospital, where the population
served is not capable of or is prevented from making improvements to plumbing
or installing point of use treatment devices; and
32
B) The system provides water as part of the cost of services provided, and it does
not separately charge for water consumption.
8) Reduced requirements for certain smaller CWS suppliers.
A) A CWS supplier serving 3,300 or fewer people may omit the task contained in
subsection (c)(2)(S) of this Section. As long as it distributes notices containing the
information contained in Appendix E of this Part to every household served by
the system, such a supplier may further limit its public education programs as
follows:
i) A supplier serving 500 or fewer people may forego the task contained in
subsection (c)(2)(B) of this Section. Such a system may limit the
distribution of the public education materials required under subsection
(c)(2)(C) of this Section to facilities and organizations served by the
supplier that are most likely to be visited regularly by pregnant women
and children, unless it is notified by the Agency in writing that it must
make a broader distribution.
ii) If approved by the Agency by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110,
a system serving 501 to 3,300 people may omit the task in subsection
(c)(2)(B) of this Section or limit the distribution of the public education
materials required under subsection (c)(2)(C) of this Section to facilities
and organizations served by the system that are most likely to be visited
regularly by pregnant women and children.
B) A CWS supplier serving 3,300 or fewer people that delivers public education in
accordance with subsection (c)(8)(A) of this Section must repeat the required
public education tasks at least once during each calendar year in which the
supplier exceeds the lead action level.
d)
Supplemental monitoring and notification of results. A supplier that fails to meet the lead action
level on the basis of tap samples collected in accordance with Section 611.356 shall must offer to
sample the tap water of any customer who requests it. The supplier is not required to pay for
collecting or analyzing the sample, nor is the supplier required to collect and analyze the sample
itself.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.85 (1992) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2005 (Jan. 12, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.356
Tap Water Monitoring for Lead and Copper
a)
Sample site location.
1)
Selecting a pool of targeted sampling sites.
A)
By the applicable date for commencement of monitoring under subsection (d)(1)
below of this Section, each supplier shall must complete a materials evaluation of
its distribution system in order to identify a pool of targeted sampling sites that
meets the requirements of this Section.
33
B)
The pool of targeted sampling sites must be sufficiently large to ensure that the
supplier can collect the number of lead and copper tap samples required by
subsection (c) below of this Section.
C)
The supplier shall must select the sites for collection of first draw samples from
this pool of targeted sampling sites.
D)
The supplier shall must not select as sampling sites any faucets that have point-
of-use or point-of-entry treatment devices designed to remove or capable of
removing inorganic contaminants.
2)
Materials evaluation.
A)
A supplier shall must use the information on lead, copper, and galvanized steel
collected pursuant to 40 CFR 141.42(d) (special monitoring for corrosivity
characteristics) when conducting a materials evaluation.
B)
When an evaluation of the information collected pursuant to 40 CFR 141.42(d) is
insufficient to locate the requisite number of lead and copper sampling sites that
meet the targeting criteria in subsection (a) above of this Section, the supplier
shall must review the following sources of information in order to identify a
sufficient number of sampling sites:
i)
all All plumbing codes, permits, and records in the files of the building
department(s) departments that indicate the plumbing materials that
are installed within publicly- and privately-owned structures connected
to the distribution system;
ii)
all All inspections and records of the distribution system that indicate
the material composition of the service connections which connect a
structure to the distribution system;
iii)
all All existing water quality information, which includes the results of
all prior analyses of the system or individual structures connected to the
system, indicating locations that may be particularly susceptible to high
lead or copper concentrations; and
iv)
the The supplier shall must seek to collect such information where
possible in the course of its normal operations (e.g., checking service line
materials when reading water meters or performing maintenance
activities).
3)
Tiers of sampling sites. Suppliers shall must categorize the sampling sites within their
pool according to the following tiers:
A)
CWS Tier 1 sampling sites. “CWS Tier 1 sampling sites” shall must include the
following single-family structures:
i)
those Those that contain copper pipes with lead solder installed after
1982 or which contain lead pipes; or
ii)
those Those that are served by a lead service line.
34
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(3)(A) was derived from segments of 40 CFR
141.86(a)(3) (1999). This allows the pool of CWS tier 1 sampling sites to consist
exclusively of structures served by lead service lines.
B)
CWS Tier 2 sampling sites. “CWS Tier 2 sampling sites” shall must include the
following buildings, including multiple-family structures:
i)
those Those that contain copper pipes with lead solder installed after
1982 or contain lead pipes; or
ii)
those Those that are served by a lead service line.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(3)(B) was derived from segments of 40 CFR
141.86(a)(4) (1999). This allows the pool of CWS tier 2 sampling sites to consist
exclusively of structures served by lead service lines.
C)
CWS Tier 3 sampling sites. “CWS Tier 3 sampling sites” shall must include the
following single-family structures: those that contain copper pipes with lead
solder installed before 1983.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(3)(C) was derived from segments of 40 CFR
141.86(a)(5) (1999).
D)
NTNCWS Tier 1 sampling sites. “NTNCWS Tier 1 sampling sites” shall must
include the following buildings:
i)
those Those that contain copper pipes with lead solder installed after
1982 or which contain lead pipes; or
ii)
those Those that are served by a lead service line.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(3)(D) was derived from segments of 40 CFR
141.86(a)(6) (1999). This allows the pool of NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites to
consist exclusively of buildings served by lead service lines.
E)
Alternative NTNCWS sampling sites. “Alternative NTNCWS sampling sites”
shall must include the following buildings: those that contain copper pipes with
lead solder installed before 1983.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(3)(E) was derived from segments of 40 CFR
141.86(a)(7) (1999).
4)
Selection of sampling sites. Suppliers shall must select sampling sites for their sampling
pool as follows:
A)
CWS Suppliers. CWS suppliers shall must use CWS tier 1 sampling sites, except
that the supplier may include CWS tier 2 or CWS tier 3 sampling sites in its
sampling pool as follows:
i)
If multiple-family residences comprise at least 20 percent of the
structures served by a supplier, the supplier may use CWS tier 2
sampling sites in its sampling pool; or
35
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(4)(A)(i) was derived from a segment of
40 CFR 141.86(a)(3)(ii) (1999).
ii)
If the CWS supplier has an insufficient number of CWS tier 1 sampling
sites on its distribution system, the supplier may use CWS tier 2
sampling sites in its sampling pool; or
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(4)(A)(ii) was derived from a segment of
40 CFR 141.86(a)(4) (1999).
iii)
If fewer than 20 percent of the structures served by the supplier are
multiple-family residences, and the CWS supplier has an insufficient
number of CWS tier 1 and CWS tier 2 sampling sites on its distribution
system, the supplier may complete its sampling pool with CWS tier 3
sampling sites.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(4)(A)(iii) was derived from a segment of
40 CFR 141.86(a)(5) (1999).
iv)
If the CWS supplier has an insufficient number of CWS tier 1 sampling
sites, CWS tier 2 sampling sites, and CWS tier 3 sampling sites, the
supplier shall must use those CWS tier 1 sampling sites, CWS tier 2
sampling sites, and CWS tier 3 sampling sites that it has, and the
supplier shall randomly select an additional complete its sampling pool
of with representative sites on throughout its distribution system for the
balance of its sampling sites. For the purpose of this subsection
(a)(4)(A)(iv), a representative site is a site in which the plumbing
materials used at that site would be commonly found at other sites
served by the water system.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(4)(A)(iv) was derived from segments of
40 CFR 141.86(a)(5) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2007 (Jan. 12,
2000).
B)
NTNCWS suppliers.
i)
An NTNCWS supplier shall must select NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites
for its sampling pool, except if.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(4)(B)(i) was derived from segments of 40
CFR 141.86(a)(6) (1999).
ii) If the NTNCWS supplier has an insufficient number of NTNCWS tier 1
sampling sites, the supplier may complete its sampling pool with
alternative NTNCWS sampling sites.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(4)(B)(ii) was derived from segments of
40 CFR 141.86(a)(7) (1999).
iii)
If the NTNCWS supplier has an insufficient number of NTNCWS tier 1
sampling sites and NTNCWS alternative sampling sites, the supplier
shall must use those NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites and NTNCWS
alternative sampling sites that it has, and the supplier shall randomly
select an additional pool of representative sites throughout its
36
distribution system for the balance of its sampling sites. For the purpose
of this subsection (a)(4)(B)(ii), a representative site is a site in which the
plumbing materials used at that site would be commonly found at other
sites served by the water system.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(4)(B)(iii) was derived from segments of
40 CFR 141.86(a)(6) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2007 (Jan. 12,
2000).
C) Agency submission by suppliers with an insufficient number of CWS or
NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites.
i) Any CWS or NTNCWS supplier whose sampling pool does not include
a sufficient number of sites to consist exclusively of CWS tier 1 sampling
sites or NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites, as appropriate, shall submit a
letter to the Agency under Section 611.360(a)(2) that demonstrates why
a review of the information listed in subsection (a)(2) above was
inadequate to locate a sufficient number of CWS tier 1 sampling sites or
NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites.
ii) Any CWS supplier that wants to include CWS tier 3 sampling sites in its
sampling pool shall demonstrate in a letter to the Agency why it was
unable to locate a sufficient number of CWS tier 1 sampling sites and
CWS tier 2 sampling sites.
iii) If the Agency determines, based on the information submitted pursuant
to subsection (a)(4)(C)(i) or (a)(4)(C)(ii) above, that either the
information was inadequate to locate a sufficient number of CWS tier 1
sampling sites or NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites, or that the supplier
was unable to locate a sufficient number of CWS tier 1 sampling sites
and CWS tier 2 sampling sites, the Agency shall issue a SEP to the
supplier pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows it to use CWS tier 2
sampling sites, NTNCWS tier 2 sampling sites, or CWS tier 3 sampling
sites, as appropriate.
DC)
Suppliers with lead service lines. Any supplier whose distribution system
contains lead service lines shall must draw samples during each six-month
monitoring period from sampling sites as follows:
i)
50 percent of the samples from sampling sites that contain lead pipes or
from sampling sites that have copper pipes with lead solder, and
ii)
50 percent of those samples from sites served by a lead service line.
iii)
A supplier that cannot identify a sufficient number of sampling sites
served by a lead service line shall demonstrate in a letter to the Agency
under Section 611.360(a)(4) that it was unable to locate a sufficient
number of such sites must collect first-draw samples from all of the sites
identified as being served by such lines.
iv) If the Agency determines, based on the information submitted pursuant
to subsection (a)(4)(D)(iii) above, that a supplier that cannot identify a
sufficient number of sampling sites served by a lead service line, the
Agency shall issue a SEP to the supplier pursuant to Section 611.110
37
that allows it to collect first draw samples from all of the sites on its
distribution system identified as being served by such lines.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(4)(C) was derived from segments of 40
CFR 141.86(a)(8) (1999), as renumbered and amended at 65 Fed. Reg.
2007 (Jan. 12, 2000). This allows the pool of sampling sites to consist
exclusively of structures or buildings served by lead service lines.
b)
Sample collection methods.
1)
All tap samples for lead and copper collected in accordance with this Subpart, with the
exception of lead service line samples collected under Section 611.354(c) and samples
collected under subsection (b)(5) of this Section, shall must be first-draw samples.
2)
First-draw tap samples.
A)
Each first-draw tap sample for lead and copper shall must be one liter in volume
and have stood motionless in the plumbing system of each sampling site for at
least six hours.
B)
First-draw samples from residential housing shall must be collected from the cold
water kitchen tap or bathroom sink tap.
C)
First-draw samples from a non-residential building shall must be one liter in
volume and must be collected at an interior tap from which water is typically
drawn for consumption.
D Non-first-draw samples collected in lieu of first-draw samples pursuant to
subsection (b)(5) of this Section must be one liter in volume and must be collected
at an interior tap from which water is typically drawn for consumption.
DE)
First-draw samples may be collected by the supplier or the supplier may allow
residents to collect first-draw samples after instructing the residents of the
sampling procedures specified in this subsection (b).
i)
To avoid problems of residents handling nitric acid, acidification of first-
draw samples may be done up to 14 days after the sample is collected.
ii)
If the first-draw sample is not acidified immediately after collection,
then After acidification to resolubilize the metals, the sample must
stand in the original container for at least 28 hours after acidification
the time specified in the approved USEPA method before the sample
can be analyzed.
EF)
If a supplier allows residents to perform sampling under subsection (b)(2)(D)
above of this Section, the supplier may not challenge the accuracy of sampling
results based on alleged errors in sample collection.
3)
Service line samples.
A)
Each service line sample shall must be one liter in volume and have stood
motionless in the lead service line for at least six hours.
38
B)
Lead service line samples shall must be collected in one of the following three
ways:
i)
at At the tap after flushing that volume of water calculated as being
between the tap and the lead service line based on the interior diameter
and length of the pipe between the tap and the lead service line;
ii)
tapping Tapping directly into the lead service line; or
iii)
if If the sampling site is a single-family structure, allowing the water to
run until there is a significant change in temperature that would be
indicative of water that has been standing in the lead service line.
4)
Follow-up first-draw tap samples.
A)
A supplier shall must collect each follow-up first-draw tap sample from the same
sampling site from which it collected the previous sample(s) samples.
B)
If, for any reason, the supplier cannot gain entry to a sampling site in order to
collect a follow-up tap sample, the supplier may collect the follow-up tap sample
from another sampling site in its sampling pool, as long as the new site meets the
same targeting criteria and is within reasonable proximity of the original site.
5) Substitute non-first-draw samples.
A) A NTNCWS supplier or a CWS supplier that meets the criteria of Sections
611.355(c)(7)(A) and (c)(7)(B), that does not have enough taps that can supply
first-draw samples, as defined in Section 611.102, may apply to the Agency in
writing to substitute non-first-draw samples by a SEP granted under Section
611.110.
B) A supplier approved to substitute non-first-draw samples must collect as many
first-draw samples from appropriate taps as possible and identify sampling times
and locations that would likely result in the longest standing time for the
remaining sites.
C The Agency may grant a SEP that waives the requirement for prior Agency
approval of non-first-draw sample sites selected by the system.
c)
Number of samples
1)
Suppliers shall must collect at least one sample from the number of sites listed in the first
column of Section 611.Table D of this Part (labelled “standard monitoring”) during each
six-month monitoring period specified in subsection (d) below of this Section.
2)
A supplier conducting reduced monitoring pursuant to subsection (d)(4) below of this
Section may collect one sample from the number of sites specified in the second column of
Section 611.Table D of this Part (labelled “reduced monitoring”) during each reduced
monitoring period specified in subsection (d)(4) below of this Section. Such reduced
monitoring sites must be representative of the sites required for standard monitoring. The
Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, specify sampling locations
when a system is conducting reduced monitoring.
d)
Timing of monitoring
39
1)
Initial tap sampling. The first six-month monitoring period for small, medium-sized and
large system suppliers shall must begin on the dates specified in Section 611.Table E of this
Part.
A)
All large system suppliers shall must monitor during each of two consecutive six-
month periods.
B)
All small and medium-sized system suppliers shall must monitor during each
consecutive six-month monitoring period until the following is true:
i)
the The supplier exceeds the lead action level or the copper action level
and is therefore required to implement the corrosion control treatment
requirements under Section 611.351, in which case the supplier shall
must continue monitoring in accordance with subsection (d)(2) below of
this Section, or
ii)
the The supplier meets the lead action level and the copper action level
during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods, in which
case the supplier may reduce monitoring in accordance with subsection
(d)(4) below of this Section.
2)
Monitoring after installation of corrosion control and source water treatment.
A)
Any large system supplier that installs optimal corrosion control treatment
pursuant to Section 611.351(d)(4) shall must monitor during each of two
consecutive six-month monitoring periods before the date specified in Section
611.351(d)(5).
B)
Any small or medium-sized system supplier that installs optimal corrosion
control treatment pursuant to Section 611.351(e)(5) shall must monitor during
each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods before the date specified
in Section 611.351(e)(6).
C)
Any supplier that installs source water treatment pursuant to Section
611.353(a)(3) shall must monitor during each of two consecutive six-month
monitoring periods before the date specified in Section 611.353(a)(4).
3)
Monitoring after the Agency specification of water quality parameter values for optimal
corrosion control. After the Agency specifies the values for water quality control
parameters pursuant to Section 611.352(f), the supplier shall must monitor during each
subsequent six-month monitoring period, with the first six-month monitoring period to
begin on the date the Agency specifies the optimal values.
4)
Reduced monitoring.
A)
Reduction to annual for small and medium-sized system suppliers meeting the
lead and copper action levels. A small or medium-sized system supplier that
meets the lead and copper action levels during each of two consecutive six-
month monitoring periods may reduce the number of samples in accordance
with subsection (c) above of this Section, and reduce the frequency of sampling
to once per year.
40
B)
SEP allowing reduction to annual for suppliers maintaining water quality control
parameters.
i)
The Agency shall, by a SEP granted pursuant to Section 611.110, allow
any Any supplier to that maintains the range of values for the water
quality control parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control
treatment specified by the Agency under Section 611.352(f) during each
of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods may reduce the
frequency of monitoring to annual once per year and the number of
lead and copper samples to that specified by subsection (c) above if it
determines that a supplier has, during each of two consecutive six-
month monitoring periods, maintained the range of values for the water
quality control parameters specified pursuant to Section 611.352(f) as
reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment receives written approval
from the Agency in the form of a SEP granted pursuant to Section
611.110.
ii)
Any supplier may request a SEP if it concurrently provides the Agency
with the information necessary to support a determination under
subsection (d)(4)(B)(i) aboveThe Agency must review monitoring,
treatment, and other relevant information submitted by the water
system in accordance with Section 611.360, and must notify the system
in writing by a SEP granted pursuant to Sections 611.110 when it
determines the system is eligible to commence reduced monitoring
pursuant to this subsection (d)(4).
iii) The Agency shall set forth the basis for its determination under
subsection (d)(4)(B)(i) above.
iviii)
The Agency shall, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, must
review, and where appropriate, revise its determination under
subsection (d)(4)(B)(i) above of this Section determination when the
supplier submits new monitoring or treatment data, or when other data
relevant to the number and frequency of tap sampling becomes
available to the Agency.
C)
Reduction to triennial for small and medium-sized system suppliers.
i)
Small and medium-sized system suppliers meeting lead and copper
action levels. A small or medium-sized system supplier that meets the
lead and copper action levels during three consecutive years of
monitoring may reduce the frequency of monitoring for lead and
copper from annually to once every three years.
ii)
SEP for suppliers meeting optimal corrosion control treatment. The
Agency shall, by a SEP granted pursuant to Section 611.110, allow a
Any supplier to that maintains the range of values for the water quality
control parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment
specified by the Agency under Section 611.352(f) during three
consecutive years of monitoring may reduce its monitoring frequency of
monitoring from annual to triennial once every three years if it
determines that the supplier, during each of three consecutive years of
monitoring, has maintained the range of values for the water quality
control parameters specified as representing optimal corrosion control
41
treatment pursuant to Section 611.352(f) receives written approval from
the Agency in the form of a SEP granted pursuant to Section 611.110.
Any supplier may request a SEP if it concurrently provides the Agency
with the information necessary to support a determination under this
subsection. The Agency shall set forth the basis for its determination.
iii) The Agency, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, shall must
review, and where appropriate, revise its determination under
subsection (d)(4)(C)(ii) of this Section when the supplier submits new
monitoring or treatment data, or when other data relevant to the
number and frequency of tap sampling becomes available to the
Agency.
D)
Sampling at a reduced frequency. A supplier that reduces the number and
frequency of sampling shall must collect these samples from representative sites
included in the pool of targeted sampling sites identified in subsection (a) above
of this Section, preferentially selecting those sampling sites from the highest tier
first. Suppliers sampling annually or less frequently shall must conduct the lead
and copper tap sampling during the months of June, July, August, or September
unless the Agency has approved a different sampling period in accordance with
subsection (d)(4)(D)(i) of this Section.
i) The Agency may grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that
approves a different period for conducting the lead and copper tap
sampling for systems collecting a reduced number of samples. Such a
period must be no longer than four consecutive months and must
represent a time of normal operation where the highest levels of lead
are most likely to occur. For a NTNCWS supplier that does not operate
during the months of June through September and for which the period
of normal operation where the highest levels of lead are most likely to
occur is not known, the Agency must designate a period that represents
a time of normal operation for the system.
ii) A supplier monitoring annually that has been collecting samples during
the months of June through September and which receives Agency
approval to alter its sample collection period under subsection
(d)(4)(D)(i) of this Section must collect its next round of samples during
a time period that ends no later than 21 months after the previous
round of sampling. A supplier monitoring once every three years that
has been collecting samples during the months of June through
September and which receives Agency approval to alter the sampling
collection period as provided in subsection (d)(4)(D)(i) of this Section
must collect its next round of samples during a time period that ends no
later than 45 months after the previous round of sampling. Subsequent
rounds of sampling must be collected annually or once every three
years, as required by this Section. A small system supplier with a
waiver granted pursuant to subsection (g) of this Section that has been
collecting samples during the months of June through September and
which receives Agency approval to alter its sample collection period
under subsection (d)(4)(D)(i) of this Section must collect its next round
of samples before the end of the nine-year compliance cycle (as that
term is defined in Section 611.101).
E) Any water system that demonstrates for two consecutive six-month monitoring
42
periods that the tap water lead level computed under Section 611.350(c)(3) is less
than or equal to 0.005 mg/L and that the tap water copper level computed
under Section 611.350(c)(3) is less than or equal to 0.65 mg/L may reduce the
number of samples in accordance with subsection (c) of this Section and reduce
the frequency of sampling to once every three calendar years.
EF)
Resumption of standard monitoring.
i)
Small or medium-sized suppliers exceeding lead or copper action level.
A small or medium-sized system supplier subject to reduced monitoring
that exceeds the lead action level or the copper action level shall must
resume sampling in accordance subsection (d)(3) above of this Section
and collect the number of samples specified for standard monitoring
under subsection (c) above of this Section. Such a supplier shall must
also conduct water quality parameter monitoring in accordance with
Section 611.357 (b), (c), or (d) (as appropriate) during the six-month
monitoring period in which it exceeded the action level. Any such
system may resume annual monitoring for lead and copper at the tap at
the reduced number of sites specified in subsection (c) of this Section
after it has completed two subsequent consecutive six-month rounds of
monitoring that meet the criteria of subsection (d)(4)(A) of this Section
or may resume monitoring once every three years for lead and copper
at the reduced number of sites after it demonstrates through subsequent
rounds of monitoring that it meets the criteria of either subsection
(d)(4)(C) or (d)(4)(E) of this Section.
ii)
Suppliers failing to operate within water quality control parameters.
Any supplier subject to reduced monitoring frequency that fails to
operate within the range of values for the water quality control
parameters specified pursuant to Section 611.352(f) for more than nine
days in any six-month period specified in Section 611.357(d) shall must
resume conduct tap water sampling for more than nine days in any six-
month period specified in Section 611.357(d) in accordance with
subsection (d)(3) above of this Section, and must collect the number of
samples specified for standard monitoring under subsection (c) above of
this Section, and must resume monitoring for water quality parameters
within the distribution system in accordance with Section 611.357(d).
G) Any water supplier subject to a reduced monitoring frequency under subsection
(d)(4) of this Section that either adds a new source of water or changes any
water treatment must inform the Agency in writing in accordance with Section
611.360(a)(3). The Agency may, by a SEP granted pursuant to Section 611.110,
require the system to resume sampling in accordance with subsection (d)(3) of
this Section and collect the number of samples specified for standard monitoring
under subsection (c) of this Section or take other appropriate steps such as
increased water quality parameter monitoring or re-evaluation of its corrosion
control treatment given the potentially different water quality considerations.
H) A supplier required under subsection (f)(4)(F) of this Section to resume
monitoring in accordance with Section 611.357(d) may resume reduced
monitoring for lead and copper at the tap and for water quality parameters
within the distribution system under the following conditions:
i) The supplier may resume annual monitoring for lead and copper at the
43
tap at the reduced number of sites specified in subsection (c) of this
Section after it has completed two subsequent six-month rounds of
monitoring that meet the criteria of subsection (d)(4)(B) of this Section
and the supplier has received written approval from the Agency by a
SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that it is appropriate to resume
reduced monitoring on an annual frequency.
ii) The supplier may resume monitoring for lead and copper once every
three years at the tap at the reduced number of sites after it
demonstrates through subsequent rounds of monitoring that it meets
the criteria of either subsection (d)(4)(C) or (d)(4)(E) of this Section and
the system has received a SEP under Section 611.110 from the Agency
that it is appropriate to resume monitoring once every three years.
iii) The supplier may reduce the number of water quality parameter tap
water samples required in accordance with Section 611.357(e)(1) and
the frequency with which it collects such samples in accordance with
Section 611.357(e)(2). Such a system may not resume monitoring once
every three years for water quality parameters at the tap until it
demonstrates, in accordance with the requirements of Section
611.357(e)(2), that it has re-qualified for monitoring once every three
years.
BOARD NOTE: Subsections (d)(4)(H)(i) through (d)(4)(H)(iii) are derived from
40 C.F.R. 141.86(d)(4)(vi)(B)(
1
) through (d)(4)(vi)(B)(
3
), as added at 65 Fed. Reg.
2009 (January 12, 2000), since Illinois Administrative Code codification
requirements allow only four indent levels of subsections.
e)
Additional monitoring. The results of any monitoring conducted in addition to the minimum
requirements of this section shall must be considered by the supplier and the Agency in making
any determinations (i.e., calculating the 90th percentile lead action level or the copper level) under
this Subpart G.
f) Invalidation of lead or copper tap water samples. A sample invalidated under this subsection does
not count toward determining lead or copper 90th percentile levels under Section 611.350(c)(3) or
toward meeting the minimum monitoring requirements of subsection (c) of this Section.
1) The Agency must invalidate a lead or copper tap water sample if it determines that one of
the following conditions exists:
A) The laboratory establishes that improper sample analysis caused erroneous
results;
B) The sample was taken from a site that did not meet the site selection criteria of
this Section;
C) The sample container was damaged in transit; or
D) There is substantial reason to believe that the sample was subject to tampering.
2) The supplier must report the results of all samples to the Agency and all supporting
documentation for samples the supplier believes should be invalidated.
3) To invalidate a sample under subsection (f)(1) of this Section, the decision and the
44
rationale for the decision must be documented in writing. The Agency may not invalidate
a sample solely on the grounds that a follow-up sample result is higher or lower than that
of the original sample.
4) The water supplier must collect replacement samples for any samples invalidated under
this Section if, after the invalidation of one or more samples, the supplier has too few
samples to meet the minimum requirements of subsection (c) of this Section. Any such
replacement samples must be taken as soon as possible, but no later than 20 days after the
date the Agency invalidates the sample or by the end of the applicable monitoring period,
whichever occurs later. Replacement samples taken after the end of the applicable
monitoring period must not also be used to meet the monitoring requirements of a
subsequent monitoring period. The replacement samples must be taken at the same
locations as the invalidated samples or, if that is not possible, at locations other than those
already used for sampling during the monitoring period.
g) Monitoring waivers for small system suppliers. Any small system supplier that meets the criteria of
this subsection (g) may apply to the Agency to reduce the frequency of monitoring for lead and
copper under this Section to once every nine years (i.e., a “full waiver”) if it meets all of the
materials criteria specified in subsection (g)(1) of this Section and all of the monitoring criteria
specified in subsection (g)(2) of this Section. Any small system supplier that meets the criteria in
subsections (g)(1) and (g)(2) of this Section only for lead, or only for copper, may apply to the State
for a waiver to reduce the frequency of tap water monitoring to once every nine years for that
contaminant only (i.e., a “partial waiver”).
1) Materials criteria. The supplier must demonstrate that its distribution system and service
lines and all drinking water supply plumbing, including plumbing conveying drinking
water within all residences and buildings connected to the system, are free of lead-
containing materials or copper-containing materials, as those terms are defined in this
subsection (g)(1), as follows:
A) Lead. To qualify for a full waiver, or a waiver of the tap water monitoring
requirements for lead (i.e., a “lead waiver”), the water supplier must provide
certification and supporting documentation to the Agency that the system is free
of all lead-containing materials, as follows:
i) It contains no plastic pipes which contain lead plasticizers, or plastic
service lines which contain lead plasticizers; and
ii) It is free of lead service lines, lead pipes, lead soldered pipe joints, and
leaded brass or bronze alloy fittings and fixtures, unless such fittings
and fixtures meet the specifications of NSF Standard 61, section 9,
incorporated by reference in Section 611.102.
BOARD NOTE: Corresponding 40 CFR 141.86(g)(1)(i)(B) specifies “any
standard established pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 300g-6(e) (SDWA Section
1417(e)).” USEPA has stated that the NSF standard is that standard.
See 62 Fed. Reg. 44684 (Aug. 22, 1997).
B) Copper. To qualify for a full waiver, or a waiver of the tap water monitoring
requirements for copper (i.e., a “copper waiver”), the water supplier must
provide certification and supporting documentation to the Agency that the
system contains no copper pipes or copper service lines.
2) Monitoring criteria for waiver issuance. The supplier must have completed at least one
45
six-month round of standard tap water monitoring for lead and copper at sites approved
by the Agency and from the number of sites required by subsection (c) of this Section and
demonstrate that the 90th percentile levels for any and all rounds of monitoring
conducted since the system became free of all lead-containing and/or copper-containing
materials, as appropriate, meet the following criteria:
A) Lead levels. To qualify for a full waiver, or a lead waiver, the supplier must
demonstrate that the 90th percentile lead level does not exceed 0.005 mg/L.
B) Copper levels. To qualify for a full waiver, or a copper waiver, the supplier must
demonstrate that the 90th percentile copper level does not exceed 0.65 mg/L.
3) State approval of waiver application. The Agency must notify the supplier of its waiver
determination by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, in writing, setting forth the
basis of its decision and any condition of the waiver. As a condition of the waiver, the
Agency may require the supplier to perform specific activities (e.g., limited monitoring,
periodic outreach to customers to remind them to avoid installation of materials that
might void the waiver) to avoid the risk of lead or copper concentration of concern in tap
water. The small system supplier must continue monitoring for lead and copper at the
tap as required by subsections (d)(1) through (d)(4) of this Section, as appropriate, until it
receives written notification from the Agency that the waiver has been approved.
4) Monitoring frequency for suppliers with waivers.
A) A supplier with a full waiver must conduct tap water monitoring for lead and
copper in accordance with subsection (d)(4)(D) of this Section at the reduced
number of sampling sites identified in subsection (c) of this Section at least once
every nine years and provide the materials certification specified in subsection
(g)(1) of this Section for both lead and copper to the Agency along with the
monitoring results.
B) A supplier with a partial waiver must conduct tap water monitoring for the
waived contaminant in accordance with subsection (d)(4)(D) of this Section at
the reduced number of sampling sites specified in subsection (c) of this Section at
least once every nine years and provide the materials certification specified in
subsection (g)(1) of this Section pertaining to the waived contaminant along with
the monitoring results. Such a supplier also must continue to monitor for the
non-waived contaminant in accordance with requirements of subsection (d)(1)
through (d)(4) of this Section, as appropriate.
C) If a supplier with a full or partial waiver adds a new source of water or changes
any water treatment, the supplier must notify the Agency in writing in
accordance with Section 611.360(a)(3). The Agency has the authority to require
the supplier to add or modify waiver conditions (e.g., require recertification that
the supplier’s system is free of lead- containing or copper-containing materials,
require additional rounds of monitoring), if it deems such modifications are
necessary to address treatment or source water changes at the system.
D) If a supplier with a full or partial waiver becomes aware that it is no longer free
of lead-containing or copper-containing materials, as appropriate, (e.g., as a
result of new construction or repairs), the supplier must notify the Agency in
writing no later than 60 days after becoming aware of such a change.
5) Continued eligibility. If the supplier continues to satisfy the requirements of subsection
46
(g)(4) of this Section, the waiver will be renewed automatically, unless any of the
conditions listed in subsection (g)(5)(A) through (g)(5)(C) of this Section occurs. A
supplier whose waiver has been revoked may re-apply for a waiver at such time as it
again meets the appropriate materials and monitoring criteria of subsections (g)(1) and
(g)(2) of this Section.
A) A supplier with a full waiver or a lead waiver no longer satisfies the materials
criteria of subsection (g)(1)(A) of this Section or has a 90th percentile lead level
greater than 0.005 mg/L.
B) A supplier with a full waiver or a copper waiver no longer satisfies the materials
criteria of subsection (g)(1)(B) of this Section or has a 90th percentile copper level
greater than 0.65 mg/L.
C) The State notifies the supplier, in writing, that the waiver has been revoked,
setting forth the basis of its decision.
6) Requirements following waiver revocation. A supplier whose full or partial waiver has
been revoked by the Agency is subject to the corrosion control treatment and lead and
copper tap water monitoring requirements, as follows:
A) If the supplier exceeds the lead or copper action level, the supplier must
implement corrosion control treatment in accordance with the deadlines
specified in Section 611.351(e), and any other applicable requirements of this
Subpart G of this Part.
B) If the supplier meets both the lead and the copper action level, the supplier must
monitor for lead and copper at the tap no less frequently than once every three
years using the reduced number of sample sites specified in subsection (c) of this
Section.
7) Pre-existing waivers. Small system supplier waivers approved by the Agency in writing
prior to April 11, 2000 must remain in effect under the following conditions:
BOARD NOTE: Corresponding 40 CFR 141.86(g)(7) sets forth the April 11, 2000 date.
The Board has retained that date to maintain consistency with the federal requirements,
despite the fact that this subsection (g)(7) became effective after that date.
A) If the supplier has demonstrated that it is both free of lead- containing and
copper-containing materials, as required by subsection (g)(1) of this Section and
that its 90th percentile lead levels and 90th percentile copper levels meet the
criteria of subsection (g)(2) of this Section, the waiver remains in effect so long as
the supplier continues to meet the waiver eligibility criteria of subsection (g)(5) of
this Section. The first round of tap water monitoring conducted pursuant to
subsection (g)(4) of this Section must be completed no later than nine years after
the last time the supplier has monitored for lead and copper at the tap.
B) If the supplier has met the materials criteria of subsection (g)(1) of this Section
but has not met the monitoring criteria of subsection (g)(2) of this Section, the
supplier must conduct a round of monitoring for lead and copper at the tap
demonstrating that it meets the criteria of subsection (g)(2) of this Section no
later than September 30, 2000. Thereafter, the waiver must remain in effect as
long as the supplier meets the continued eligibility criteria of subsection (g)(5) of
this Section. The first round of tap water monitoring conducted pursuant to
47
subsection (g)(4) of this Section must be completed no later than nine years after
the round of monitoring conducted pursuant to subsection (g)(2) of this Section.
BOARD NOTE: Corresponding 40 CFR 141.86(g)(7)(ii) sets forth the September
30, 2000 date. The Board has retained that date to maintain consistency with
the federal requirements, despite the fact that this subsection (g)(7)(B) became
effective after that date.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.86 (1993) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2007 (Jan. 12, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.357
Monitoring for Water Quality Parameters
All large system suppliers, and all small and medium-sized system suppliers that exceed the lead action level or the
copper action level, shall must monitor water quality parameters in addition to lead and copper in accordance with
this Section. The requirements of this Section are summarized in Section 611.Table G of this Part.
a)
General Requirements
1)
Sample collection methods
A)
Use of tap samples. The totality of all tap samples collected by a supplier shall
must be representative of water quality throughout the distribution system
taking into account the number of persons served, the different sources of water,
the different treatment methods employed by the supplier, and seasonal
variability. Although a supplier may conveniently conduct tap sampling for
water quality parameters at sites used for coliform sampling performed pursuant
to Subpart L of this Part, it is not required to do so, and a supplier is not required
to perform tap sampling pursuant to this Section at taps targeted for lead and
copper sampling under Section 611.356(a).
B)
Use of entry point samples. Each supplier shall must collect samples at entry
point(s) points to the distribution system from locations representative of each
source after treatment. If a supplier draws water from more than one source
and the sources are combined before distribution, the supplier must sample at an
entry point to the distribution system during periods of normal operating
conditions (i.e., when water is representative of all sources being used).
2)
Number of samples
A)
Tap samples. Each supplier shall must collect two tap samples for applicable
water quality parameters during each six-month monitoring period specified
under subsections (b) through (e) below of this Section from the number of sites
indicated in the first column of Section 611.Table E of this Part.
B)
Entry point samples.
i)
Initial monitoring. Except as provided in subsection (c)(3) of this
Section, each Each supplier shall must collect two samples for each
applicable water quality parameter at each entry point to the
distribution system during each six-month monitoring period specified
in subsection (b) below of this Section.
48
ii)
Subsequent monitoring. Each supplier shall must collect one sample for
each applicable water quality parameter at each entry point to the
distribution system during each six-month monitoring period specified
in subsections (c) through (e) below of this Section.
b)
Initial Sampling.
1)
Large systems. Each large system supplier shall must measure the applicable water
quality parameters specified in subsection (b)(3) below of this Section at taps and at each
entry point to the distribution system during each six-month monitoring period specified
in Section 611.356(d)(1).
2)
Small and medium-sized systems. Each small and medium-sized system supplier shall
must measure the applicable water quality parameters specified in subsection (b)(3) below
of this Section at the locations specified in this subsection during each six-month
monitoring period specified in Section 611.356(d)(1) during which the supplier exceeds
the lead action level or the copper action level.
3)
Water quality parameters:
A)
pH;
B)
alkalinityAlkalinity;
C)
orthophosphateOrthophosphate, when an inhibitor containing a phosphate
compound is used;
D)
silicaSilica, when an inhibitor containing a silicate compound is used;
E)
calciumCalcium;
F)
conductivityConductivity; and
G)
water Water temperature.
c)
Monitoring after installation of corrosion control.
1)
Large systems. Each large system supplier that installs optimal corrosion control
treatment pursuant to Section 611.351(d)(4) shall must measure the water quality
parameters at the locations and frequencies specified in subsections (c)(3) (c)(4) and (c)(4)
(c)(5) below of this Section during each six-month monitoring period specified in Section
611.356(d)(2)(A).
2)
Small and medium-sized systems. Except as provided in subsection (c)(3) of this Section,
each Each small or medium-sized system that installs optimal corrosion control treatment
pursuant to Section 611.351(e)(5) shall must measure the water quality parameters at the
locations and frequencies specified in subsections (c)(3) (c)(4) and (c)(4) (c)(5) below of
this Section during each six-month monitoring period specified in Section 611.356(d)(2)(B)
in which the supplier exceeds the lead action level or the copper action level.
3) Any ground water system can limit entry point sampling described in subsection (c)(2) of
this Section to those entry points that are representative of water quality and treatment
conditions throughout the system. If water from untreated ground water sources mixes
with water from treated ground water sources, the system must monitor for water quality
parameters both at representative entry points receiving treatment and representative
49
entry points receiving no treatment. Prior to the start of any monitoring under this
subsection, the system must provide to the Agency written information identifying the
selected entry points and documentation, including information on seasonal variability,
sufficient to demonstrate that the sites are representative of water quality and treatment
conditions throughout the system.
34)
Tap water samples, two samples at each tap for each of the following water quality
parameters:
A)
pH;
B)
alkalinityAlkalinity;
C)
orthophosphateOrthophosphate, when an inhibitor containing a phosphate
compound is used;
D)
silicaSilica, when an inhibitor containing a silicate compound is used; and
E)
calciumCalcium, when calcium carbonate stabilization is used as part of
corrosion control.
45)
Entry point samples, one sample at each entry point to the distribution system every two
weeks (bi-weekly) for each of the following water quality parameters:
A)
pH;
B)
when When alkalinity is adjusted as part of optimal corrosion control, a reading
of the dosage rate of the chemical used to adjust alkalinity, and the alkalinity
concentration; and
C)
when When a corrosion inhibitor is used as part of optimal corrosion control, a
reading of the dosage rate of the inhibitor used, and the concentration of
orthophosphate or silica (whichever is applicable).
d)
Monitoring after the Agency specifies water quality parameter values for optimal corrosion control.
1)
Large systems. After the Agency has specified the values for applicable water quality
control parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment pursuant to Section
611.352(f), each large system supplier shall must measure the applicable water quality
parameters in accordance with subsection (c) above of this Section during each six-month
monitoring period specified in Section 611.356(d)(3) and determine compliance with the
requirements of Section 611.352(g) every six months with the first six- month period to
begin on the date the State specifies the optimal values under Section 611.352(f).
2)
Small and medium-sized systems. Each small or medium-sized system supplier shall must
conduct such monitoring during each six-month monitoring period specified in Section
611.356(d)(3) this subsection (d) in which the supplier exceeds the lead action level or the
copper action level. For any such small and medium-size system that is subject to a
reduced monitoring frequency pursuant to Section 611.356(d)(4) at the time of the action
level exceedance, the end of the applicable six-month period under this subsection must
coincide with the end of the applicable monitoring period under Section 611.356(d)(4).
3) Compliance with Agency-designated optimal water quality parameter values must be
determined as specified under Section 611.352(g)
50
3) Confirmation sampling.
A) A supplier may take a confirmation sample for any water quality parameter
value no later than 3 days after it took the original sample it seeks to confirm.
B) If a supplier takes a confirmation sample, it must average the result obtained
from the confirmation sample with the result obtained from the original sample
it seeks to confirm, and the supplier shall use the average of these two results for
any compliance determinations under Section 611.352(g).
C) The Agency shall delete the results that it determines are due to obvious
sampling errors from this calculation.
e)
Reduced monitoring.
1)
Reduction in tap monitoring. A supplier that has maintained the range of values for the
water quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment during each of
two consecutive six-month monitoring periods under subsection (d) above of this Section
shall must continue monitoring at the entry point(s) points to the distribution system as
specified in subsection (c)(4) above of this Section. Such a supplier may collect two
samples from each tap for applicable water quality parameters from the reduced number
of sites indicated in the second column of Section 611.Table E of this Part during each
subsequent six-month monitoring period.
2)
Reduction in monitoring frequency.
A)
Stages of reductions.Staged reductions in monitoring frequency.
i)
Annual monitoring. A supplier that maintains the range of values for
the water quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control
treatment specified pursuant to Section 611.352(f) during three
consecutive years of monitoring may reduce the frequency with which
it collects the number of tap samples for applicable water quality
parameters specified in subsection (e)(1) above of this Section from
every six months to annually.
ii)
Triennial monitoring. A supplier that maintains the range of values for
the water quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control
treatment specified pursuant to Section 611.352(f) during three
consecutive years of annual monitoring under subsection (e)(2)(A)(i)
above of this Section may reduce the frequency with which it collects
the number of tap samples for applicable water quality parameters
specified in subsection (e)(1) above of this Section from annually to once
every three years.
B) A water supplier may reduce the frequency with which it collects tap samples
for applicable water quality parameters specified in subsection (e)(1) of this
Section to every three years if it demonstrates the following during two
consecutive monitoring periods:
i) That its tap water lead level at the 90th percentile is less than or equal
to the PQL for lead specified in Section 611.359 (a)(1)(B),
51
ii) That its tap water copper level at the 90th percentile is less than or
equal to 0.65 mg/L for copper in Section 611.350(c)(2), and
iii) That it also has maintained the range of values for the water quality
parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment specified by
the Agency under Section 611.352(f).
B) A supplier that conducts sampling annually or every three years shall collect
these samples evenly throughout the calendar year so as to reflect seasonal
variability.
3) A supplier that conducts sampling annually or every three years must collect these
samples evenly throughout the calendar year so as to reflect seasonal variability.
C) Any supplier subject to a reduced monitoring frequency pursuant to this
subsection that fails to operate within the range of values for the water quality
parameters specified pursuant to Section 611.352(f) shall resume tap water
sampling in accordance with the number and frequency requirements of
subsection (d) above.
4) Any supplier subject to a reduced monitoring frequency pursuant to this subsection that
fails to operate at or above the minimum value or within the range of values for the water
quality parameters specified pursuant to Section 611.352(f) for more than nine days in
any six-month period specified in Section 611.352(g) must resume tap water sampling in
accordance with the number and frequency requirements of subsection (d) of this Section.
Such a system may resume annual monitoring for water quality parameters at the tap at
the reduced number of sites specified in subsection (e)(1) of this Section after it has
completed two subsequent consecutive six-month rounds of monitoring that meet the
criteria of that subsection or may resume monitoring once every three years for water
quality parameters at the tap at the reduced number of sites after it demonstrates through
subsequent rounds of monitoring that it meets the criteria of either subsection (e)(2)(A) or
(e)(2)(B) of this Section.
f)
Additional monitoring by systems. The results of any monitoring conducted in addition to the
minimum requirements of this section shall must be considered by the supplier and the Agency in
making any determinations (i.e., determining concentrations of water quality parameters) under
this Section or Section 611.352.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.87 (1995) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2010 (Jan. 12, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.358
Monitoring for Lead and Copper in Source Water
a)
Sample location, collection methods, and number of samples
1)
A supplier that fails to meet the lead action level or the copper action level on the basis of
tap samples collected in accordance with Section 611.356 shall must collect lead and
copper source water samples in accordance with the sample location, number of samples,
and collection method following requirements of Section 611.601(a) and (b) (as specified
for inorganic chemical contaminants). The timing of sampling for lead and copper shall
be in accordance with subsections (b) and (c) below, and not with the dates specified in
Section 611.601(a)(1). regarding sample location, number of samples, and collection
methods:
52
A) A groundwater supplier must take a minimum of one sample at every entry
point to the distribution system that is representative of each well after treatment
(hereafter called a sampling point). The supplier must take one sample at the
same sampling point unless conditions make another sampling point more
representative of each source or treatment plant.
B) A surface water supplier must take a minimum of one sample at every entry
point to the distribution system after any application of treatment or in the
distribution system at a point that is representative of each source after treatment
(hereafter called a sampling point). The system must take each sample at the
same sampling point unless conditions make another sampling point more
representative of each source or treatment plant.
BOARD NOTE: For the purposes of this subsection (a)(1)(B), surface water
systems include systems with a combination of surface and ground sources.
C) If a supplier draws water from more than one source and the sources are
combined before distribution, the supplier must sample at an entry point to the
distribution system during periods of normal operating conditions (i.e., when
water is representative of all sources being used).
D) The Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, reduce the total
number of samples which must be analyzed by allowing the use of compositing.
Compositing of samples must be done by certified laboratory personnel.
Composite samples from a maximum of five samples are allowed, provided that
if the lead concentration in the composite sample is greater than or equal to
0.001 mg/L or the copper concentration is greater than or equal to 0.160 mg/ L,
then the supplier must do either of the following:
i) The supplier must take and analyze a follow-up sample within 14 days
at each sampling point included in the composite; or
ii) If duplicates of or sufficient quantities from the original samples from
each sampling point used in the composite are available, the supplier
may use these instead of resampling.
2)
SEP requiring an additional sample
A)
When the Agency determines that the results of sampling indicate an exceedance
of the lead or copper MPC established under Section 611.353(b)(4), it shall must,
by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, require the supplier to collect one
additional sample as soon as possible after the initial sample at the same
sampling point, but no later than two weeks after the supplier took the initial
sample.
B)
If a supplier takes an Agency-required confirmation sample for lead or copper,
the supplier shall must average the results obtained from the initial sample with
the results obtained from the confirmation sample in determining compliance
with the Agency-specified lead and copper MPCs.
i)
Any analytical result below the MDL shall must be considered as zero
for the purposes of averaging.
53
ii)
Any value above the MDL but below the PQL shall must either be
considered as the measured value or be considered one-half the PQL.
b)
Monitoring frequency after system exceeds tap water action level. A supplier that exceeds the lead
action level or the copper action level in tap sampling shall must collect one source water sample
from each entry point to the distribution system within six months after the exceedance.
c)
Monitoring frequency after installation of source water treatment. A supplier that installs source
water treatment pursuant to Section 611.353(a)(3) shall must collect an additional source water
sample from each entry point to the distribution system during each of two consecutive six-month
monitoring periods on or before the deadline specified in Section 611.353(a)(4).
d)
Monitoring frequency after the Agency has specified the lead and copper MPCs or has determined
that source water treatment is not needed.
1)
A supplier shall must monitor at the frequency specified by subsection (d)(1)(A) or
(d)(1)(B) below of this Section where the Agency has specified the MPCs pursuant to
Section 611.353(b)(4) or has determined that the supplier is not required to install source
water treatment pursuant to Section 611.353(b)(2).
A)
GWS suppliers.
i)
A GWS supplier required to sample by subsection (d)(1) above of this
Section shall must collect samples once during the three-year
compliance period (as that term is defined in Section 611.101) during
which the Agency makes its determination pursuant to Section
611.353(b)(4) or 611.353(b)(2).
ii)
A GWS supplier required to sample by subsection (d)(1) above of this
Section shall must collect samples once during each subsequent
compliance period.
B)
A SWS or mixed system supplier shall must collect samples annually, the first
annual monitoring period to begin on the date on which the Agency makes its
determination pursuant to Section 611.353(b)(4) or 611.353(b)(2).
2)
A supplier is not required to conduct source water sampling for lead or copper if the
supplier meets the action level for the specific contaminant in all tap water samples
collected during the entire source water sampling period applicable under subsection
(d)(1)(A) or (d)(1)(B) above of this Section.
e)
Reduced monitoring frequency.
1)
A GWS supplier that demonstrates that finished drinking water entering the distribution
system has been maintained below the lead or copper MPC specified by the Agency
pursuant to Section 611.353(b)(4) during at least three consecutive compliance periods
under subsection (d)(1) above may reduce the monitoring frequency for lead or and
copper, as appropriate, in source water to once during each nine-year compliance cycle
(as that term is defined in Section 611.101). if the supplier meets one of the following
criteria:
A) The supplier demonstrates that finished drinking water entering the distribution
system has been maintained below the maximum permissible lead and copper
concentrations specified by the State in Section 611.353(b)(4) during at least
54
three consecutive compliance periods under subsection (d)(1) of this Section; or
B) The Agency has determined, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, that
source water treatment is not needed and the system demonstrates that, during
at least three consecutive compliance periods in which sampling was conducted
under subsection (d)(1) of this Section, the concentration of lead in source water
was less than or equal to 0.005 mg/L and the concentration of copper in source
water was less than or equal to 0.65 mg/L.
2)
A SWS or mixed system supplier that demonstrates that finished drinking water entering
the distribution system has been maintained below the lead and copper MPCs specified by
the Agency pursuant to Section 611.353(b)(4) for at least three consecutive years under
subsection (d)(1) above may reduce the monitoring frequency in subsection (d)(1) of this
Section to once during each nine-year compliance cycle (as that term is defined in Section
611.101). if the supplier meets one of the following criteria:
A) The supplier demonstrates that finished drinking water entering the distribution
system has been maintained below the maximum permissible lead and copper
concentrations specified by the Agency under Section 611.353(b)(4) for at least
three consecutive years; or
B) The Agency has determined, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, that
source water treatment is not needed and the supplier demonstrates that, during
at least three consecutive years, the concentration of lead in source water was
less than or equal to 0.005 mg/L and the concentration of copper in source
water was less than or equal to 0.65 mg/L.
3)
A supplier that uses a new source of water is not eligible for reduced monitoring for lead
or copper until it demonstrates by samples collected from the new source during three
consecutive monitoring periods, of the appropriate duration provided by subsection (d)(1)
above of this Section, that lead or copper concentrations are below the MPC as specified
by the Agency pursuant to Section 611.353(a)(4).
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.88 (1992) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2012 (Jan. 12, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.359
Analytical Methods
Analyses for lead, copper, pH, conductivity, calcium, alkalinity, orthophosphate, silica, and temperature shall must
be conducted using the methods set forth in Section 611.611(a).
a)
Analyses for lead and copper performed for the purposes of compliance with this Subpart shall
must only be conducted by laboratories that have been certified by USEPA or the Agency. To
obtain certification to conduct analyses for lead and copper, laboratories must do the following:
1)
Analyze performance evaluation samples that include lead and copper provided by
USEPA Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory or equivalent samples
provided by the Agency; and
2)
Achieve quantitative acceptance limits as follows:
55
A)
For lead: ±30 percent of the actual amount in the performance evaluation
sample when the actual amount is greater than or equal to 0.005 mg/L (the PQL
for lead is 0.005 mg/L);
B)
For copper: ±10 percent of the actual amount in the performance evaluation
sample when the actual amount is greater than or equal to 0.050 mg/L (the PQL
for copper is 0.050 mg/L);
C)
Achieve the method detection limits (MDLs) limit (MDL) for lead (0.001 mg/L,
as defined in Section 611.350(a)) according to the procedures in 35 Ill. Adm.
Code 183 and 40 CFR 136, Appendix B: “Definition and Procedure for the
Determination of the Method Detection Limit--Revision 1.11” (1999). This need
only be accomplished if the laboratory will be processing source water composite
samples under Section 611.358(a)(1)(C); and
D)
Be currently certified by USEPA or the Agency to perform analyses to the
specifications described in subsection (a)(2) of this Section.
b)
The Agency shall must, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, allow a supplier to use
previously collected monitoring data for the purposes of monitoring under this Subpart if the data
were collected and analyzed in accordance with the requirements of this Subpart.
c)
Reporting lead and copper levels.
1)
All lead and copper levels greater than or equal to the lead and copper PQL (Pb
≥
0.005
mg/L and Cu
≥
0.050 mg/L) must be reported as measured.
2)
All lead and copper levels measured less than the PQL and greater than the MDL (0.005
mg/L > Pb > MDL and 0.050 mg/L > Cu > MDL) must be either reported as measured or
as one-half the PQL set forth in subsection (a) of this Section (i.e., reported as 0.0025
mg/L for lead or 0.025 mg/L for copper).
3)
All lead and copper levels below the lead and copper MDL (MDL > Pb) must be reported
as zero.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.89 (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2012 (Jan. 12, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.360
Reporting
A supplier shall must report all of the following information to the Agency in accordance with this Section.
a)
Reporting for tap, lead, and copper, and water quality parameter monitoring.
1)
A Except as provided in subsection (a)(1)(viii) of this section, a supplier shall must report
the following information for all samples specified in Section 611.356 and for all water
quality parameter samples specified in Section 611.357 within 10 ten days of the end of
each applicable sampling period specified in Sections 611.356 through 611.358 and
611.357 (i.e., every six-months, annually, every 3 three years, or every nine years).
56
A)
the The results of all tap samples for lead and copper, including the location of
each site and the criteria under Section 611.356(a)(3) through (7) under which
the site was selected for the supplier’s sampling pool;
B) a certification that each first draw sample collected by the supplier was one-liter
in volume and, to the best of the supplier’s knowledge, had stood motionless in
the service line, or in the interior plumbing of a sampling site, for at least six
hours;
B) Documentation for each tap water lead or copper sample for which the water
supplier requests invalidation pursuant to Section 611.356(f)(2);
C)
where residents collected samples, a certification that each tap sample collected
by the residents was taken after the supplier informed them of the proper
sampling procedures specified in Section 611.356(b)(2)
C) This subsection (a)(1)(C) corresponds with 40 CFR 141.89(a)(1)(iii), a provision
that USEPA removed and marked “reserved” at 65 Fed. Reg. 2012 (Jan. 12,
2000). This statement preserves structural parity with the federal rules;
D)
the The 90th percentile lead and copper concentrations measured from among
all lead and copper tap samples collected during each sampling period
(calculated in accordance with Section 611.350(c)(3)), unless the Agency
calculates the system’s 90th percentile lead and copper levels under subsection
(h) of this Section;
E)
with With the exception of initial tap sampling conducted pursuant to Section
611.356(d)(1), the supplier shall must designate any site that was not sampled
during previous sampling periods, and include an explanation of why sampling
sites have changed;
F)
the The results of all tap samples for pH, and where applicable, alkalinity,
calcium, conductivity, temperature, and orthophosphate or silica collected
pursuant to Section 611.357(b) through (e);
G)
the The results of all samples collected at entry point(s) points for applicable
water quality parameters pursuant to Section 611.357(b) through (e).
H) A water supplier must report the results of all water quality parameter samples
collected under Section 611.357(c) through (f) during each six-month monitoring
period specified in Section 611.357(d) within the first 10 days following the end
of the monitoring period, unless the Agency has specified, by a SEP granted
pursuant to Section 611.110, a more frequent reporting requirement.
2) By the applicable date in Section 611.356(d)(1) for commencement of monitoring, each
CWS supplier that does not complete its targeted sampling pool with CWS tier 1 sampling
sites meeting the requirements of Section 611.356(a)(4)(A) shall send a letter to the
Agency justifying its selection of CWS tier 2 sampling sites or CWS tier 3 sampling sites
pursuant to Section 611.356 (a)(4)(A)(ii), (a)(4)(A)(iii), or (a)(4)(A)(iv).
2) For a NTNCWS supplier, or a CWS supplier meeting the criteria of Sections
611.355(c)(7)(A) and (B), that does not have enough taps which can provide first-draw
samples, the supplier must do either of the following:
57
A) Provide written documentation to the Agency that identifies standing times and
locations for enough non-first-draw samples to make up its sampling pool under
Section 611.356(b)(5) by the start of the first applicable monitoring period under
Section 611.356(d) that commences after April 11, 2000, unless the Agency has
waived prior Agency approval of non-first-draw sample sites selected by the
supplier pursuant to Section 611.356(b)(5); or
BOARD NOTE: Corresponding 40 CFR 141.90(a)(2)(i) sets forth the April 11,
2000 date. The Board has retained that date to maintain structural consistency
with the federal requirements, despite the fact that this subsection (a)(2)(A)
became effective after that date.
B) If the Agency has waived prior approval of non-first-draw sample sites selected
by the supplier, identify, in writing, each site that did not meet the six-hour
minimum standing time and the length of standing time for that particular
substitute sample collected pursuant to Section 611.356(b)(5) and include this
information with the lead and copper tap sample results required to be
submitted pursuant to subsection (a)(1)(A) of this Section.
3) By the applicable date in Section 611.356(d)(1) for commencement of monitoring, each
NTNCWS supplier that does not complete its sampling pool with NTNCWS tier 1
sampling sites meeting the requirements of Section 611.356(a)(4)(B) shall send a letter to
the Agency justifying its selection of alternative NTNCWS sampling sites pursuant to that
Section.
3) No later than 60 days after the addition of a new source or any change in water
treatment, unless the Agency requires earlier notification, a water supplier deemed to
have optimized corrosion control under Section 611.351(b)(3), a water supplier subject to
reduced monitoring pursuant to Section 611.356(d)(4), or a water supplier subject to a
monitoring waiver pursuant to Section 611.356(g), must send written documentation to
the Agency describing the change. In those instances where prior Agency approval of the
treatment change or new source is not required, USEPA has stated that it encourages
water systems to provide the notification to the Agency beforehand to minimize the risk
the treatment change or new source will adversely affect optimal corrosion control.
4) By the applicable date in Section 611.356(d)(1) for commencement of monitoring, each
supplier with lead service lines that is not able to locate the number of sites served by such
lines required by Section 611.356(a)(4)(D) shall send a letter to the Agency demonstrating
why it was unable to locate a sufficient number of such sites based upon the information
listed in Section 611.356(a)(2).
4) Any small system supplier applying for a monitoring waiver under Section 611.356(g), or
subject to a waiver granted pursuant to Section 611.356(g)(3), must provide the following
information to the Agency in writing by the specified deadline:
A) By the start of the first applicable monitoring period in Section 611.356(d), any
small water system supplier applying for a monitoring waiver must provide the
documentation required to demonstrate that it meets the waiver criteria of
Sections 611.356(g)(1) and (g)(2).
B) No later than nine years after the monitoring previously conducted pursuant to
Section 611.356(g)(2) or Section 611.356(g)(4)(A), each small system supplier
desiring to maintain its monitoring waiver must provide the information
required by Sections 611.356(g)(4)(A) and (g)(4)(ii).
58
C) No later than 60 days after it becomes aware that it is no longer free of lead-
containing or copper-containing material, as appropriate, each small system
supplier with a monitoring waiver must provide written notification to the
Agency, setting forth the circumstances resulting in the lead-containing or
copper-containing materials being introduced into the system and what
corrective action, if any, the supplier plans to remove these materials.
D) By October 10, 2000, any small system supplier with a waiver granted prior to
April 11, 2000 and that has not previously met the requirements of Section
611.356(g)(2) must provide the information required by that subsection.
BOARD NOTE: Corresponding 40 CFR 141.90(a)(2)(iv) sets forth the April 11,
2000 and October 10, 2000 dates. The Board has retained those dates to
maintain structural consistency with the federal requirements, despite the fact
that this subsection (a)(2)(D) became effective after that date.
5) Each supplier that requests that the Agency grant a SEP that reduces the number and
frequency of sampling shall provide the information required by Section 611.356(d)(4).
5) Each GWS supplier that limits water quality parameter monitoring to a subset of entry
points under Section 611.357(c)(3) must provide, by the commencement of such
monitoring, written correspondence to the Agency that identifies the selected entry points
and includes information sufficient to demonstrate that the sites are representative of
water quality and treatment conditions throughout the system.
b)
Reporting for source water monitoring.
1)
A supplier shall must report the sampling results for all source water samples collected in
accordance with Section 611.358 within 10 ten days of the end of each source water
sampling period (i.e., annually, per compliance period, per compliance cycle) specified in
Section 611.358.
2)
With the exception of the first round of source water sampling conducted pursuant to
Section 611.358(b), a supplier shall must specify any site that was not sampled during
previous sampling periods, and include an explanation of why the sampling point has
changed.
c)
Reporting for corrosion control treatment. By the applicable dates under Section 611.351, a
supplier shall must report the following information:
1)
for For a supplier demonstrating that it has already optimized corrosion control, the
information required by Section 611.352(b)(2) or (b)(3).
2)
for For a supplier required to optimize corrosion control, its recommendation regarding
optimal corrosion control treatment pursuant to Section 611.352(a).
3)
for For a supplier required to evaluate the effectiveness of corrosion control treatments
pursuant to Section 611.352(c), the information required by Section 611.352(c).
4)
for For a supplier required to install optimal corrosion control approved by the Agency
pursuant to Section 611.352(d), a copy of the Agency permit letter, which acts as
certification that the supplier has completed installing the permitted treatment.
59
d)
Reporting for source water treatment. On or before the applicable dates in Section 611.353, a
supplier shall must provide the following information to the Agency:
1)
if If required by Section 611.353(b)(1), its recommendation regarding source water
treatment; or
2)
for For suppliers required to install source water treatment pursuant to Section
611.353(b)(2), a copy of the Agency permit letter, which acts as certification that the
supplier has completed installing the treatment approved by the Agency within 24
months after the Agency approved the treatment.
e)
Reporting for lead service line replacement. A supplier shall must report the following information
to the Agency to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of Section 611.354:
1)
Within 12 months after a supplier exceeds the lead action level in sampling referred to in
Section 611.354(a), the supplier shall must report each of the following to the Agency in
writing:
A)
a A demonstration that it has conducted a materials evaluation, including the
evaluation required by Section 611.356(a),
B)
identify Identify the initial number of lead service lines in its distribution system,
and
C)
provide Provide the Agency with the supplier’s schedule for annually replacing
at least 7 seven percent of the initial number of lead service lines in its
distribution system.
2)
Within 12 months after a supplier exceeds the lead action level in sampling referred to in
Section 611.354(a), and every 12 months thereafter, the supplier shall must demonstrate
to the Agency in writing that the supplier has done either of the following:
A)
replaced Replaced in the previous 12 months at least 7 seven percent of the
initial number of lead service lines in its distribution system (or any greater
number of lines specified by the Agency pursuant to Section 611.354(f)
611.354(e)), or
B)
conducted Conducted sampling that demonstrates that the lead concentration in
all service line samples from an individual line(s) lines, taken pursuant to Section
611.356(b)(3), is less than or equal to 0.015 mg/L.
C)
Where the supplier makes a demonstration under subsection (e)(2)(B) above of
this Section, the total number of lines that the supplier has replaced, combined
with the total number that meet the criteria of Section 611.354(b), shall must
equal at least 7 seven percent of the initial number of lead lines identified
pursuant to subsection (a) above of this Section (or the percentage specified by
the Agency pursuant to Section 611.354(f) 611.354(e)).
3)
The annual letter submitted to the Agency pursuant to subsection (e)(2) above of this
Section shall must contain the following information:
A)
the The number of lead service lines originally scheduled to be replaced during
the previous year of the supplier’s replacement schedule;
60
B)
the The number and location of each lead service line actually replaced during
the previous year of the supplier’s replacement schedule; and
C)
if If measured, the water lead concentration from each lead service line sampled
pursuant to Section 611.356(b)(3) and the location of each lead service line
sampled, the sampling method used, and the date of sampling.
4) As soon as practicable, but no later than three months after a supplier exceeds the lead
action level in the sampling referred to in Section 611.354(a), any supplier seeking to rebut
the presumption that it has control over the entire lead service line pursuant to Section
611.354(d) shall submit a letter to the Agency describing the following:
A) the legal authority (e.g., state statutes, municipal ordinances, public service
contracts or other applicable legal authority) that limits the supplier’s control
over the service lines; and
B) the extent of the supplier’s control over the service lines.
BOARD NOTE: This communication is vital to a supplier seeking to replace less than entire service
lines. Under Section 611.354(e)(1), a supplier is presumed to control the entire service line unless it
makes an affirmative showing. Under Section 611.354(d)(2)(A), a supplier is affirmatively required
to replace all of each service line except as to any particular service line for which the Agency has
made an affirmative determination that the supplier does not control in its entirety. Under
Sections 611.354(b)(1) and (b)(4), the supplier must have completed replacing seven percent of the
lead service lines within a year of the day of the event that triggered the requirement. Section 39(a)
of the Act allows the Agency 90 days to render its decision on any permit request. Therefore, any
supplier that desires an Agency determination pursuant to Section 611.354(e)(2) must submit the
required information within the three month time-frame of this subsection.
4) Any supplier that collects lead service line samples following partial lead service line
replacement required by Section 611.354 must report the results to the Agency within the
first ten days of the month following the month in which the supplier receives the
laboratory results, or as specified by the Agency. The Agency may, by a SEP granted
pursuant to Section 611.110, eliminate this requirement to report these monitoring results.
A supplier must also report any additional information as specified by the Agency, and in
a time and manner prescribed by the Agency, to verify that all partial lead service line
replacement activities have taken place.
f)
Reporting for public education program.
1) By December 31st of each calendar year, any supplier that is subject to the public
education requirements of Section 611.355 shall submit a letter to the Agency
demonstrating that the supplier has delivered the public education materials which meet
the following requirements:
A) the content requirements of Section 611.355(a) and (b), and
B) the delivery requirements of Section 611.355(c).
2) The information submitted pursuant to this subsection shall include a list of all the
newspapers, radio stations, television stations, facilities and organizations to which the
supplier delivered public education materials during the previous year.
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3) The supplier shall submit the letter required by this subsection annually for as long as it
continues to exceed the lead action level.
1) Any water supplier that is subject to the public education requirements in Section 611.355
must, within ten days after the end of each period in which the supplier is required to
perform public education tasks in accordance with Section 611.355(c), send written
documentation to the Agency that contains:
A) A demonstration that the supplier has delivered the public education materials
that meet the content requirements in Section 611.355(a) and (b) and the delivery
requirements in Section 611.355(c); and
B) A list of all the newspapers, radio stations, television stations, and facilities and
organizations to which the supplier delivered public education materials during
the period in which the supplier was required to perform public education tasks.
2) Unless required by the Agency, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, a supplier
that previously has submitted the information required by subsection (f)(1)(B) of this
Section need not resubmit the information required by subsection (f)(1)(B) of this Section,
as long as there have been no changes in the distribution list and the supplier certifies that
the public education materials were distributed to the same list submitted previously.
g)
Reporting of additional monitoring data. Any supplier that collects sampling data in addition to
that required by this Subpart shall must report the results of that sampling to the Agency within
the first ten days following the end of the applicable sampling period(s) periods specified by
Sections 611.356 through 611.358 during which the samples are collected.
h) Reporting of 90th percentile lead and copper concentrations where the Agency calculates a
system’s 90th percentile concentrations. A water supplier is not required to report the 90th
percentile lead and copper concentrations measured from among all lead and copper tap water
samples collected during each monitoring period, as required by subsection (a)(1)(D) of this Section
if:
1) The Agency has previously notified the water supplier that it will calculate the water
system’s 90th percentile lead and copper concentrations, based on the lead and copper
tap results submitted pursuant to subsection (h)(2)(A) of this Section, and has specified a
date before the end of the applicable monitoring period by which the supplier must
provide the results of lead and copper tap water samples;
2) The supplier has provided the following information to the Agency by the date specified
in subsection (h)(1) of this Section:
A) The results of all tap samples for lead and copper including the location of each
site and the criteria under Section 611.356(a)(3), (a)(4), (a)(5), (a)(6), or (a)(7)
under which the site was selected for the system’s sampling pool, pursuant to
subsection (a)(1)(A) of this Section; and
B) An identification of sampling sites utilized during the current monitoring period
that were not sampled during previous monitoring periods, and an explanation
why sampling sites have changed; and
3) The Agency has provided the results of the 90th percentile lead and copper calculations,
in writing, to the water supplier before the end of the monitoring period.
62
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.90 ( 1994) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2012 (Jan. 12, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
SUBPART N: INORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section 611.606
Confirmation Samples
a)
Where the results of sampling for antimony, asbestos, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium,
cyanide, fluoride, mercury, nickel, selenium, or thallium indicate a level in excess of the MCL, the
supplier shall must collect one additional sample as soon as possible after the supplier receives
notification of the analytical result (but no later than two weeks after the initial sample was taken)
at the same sampling point.
b)
Where nitrate or nitrite sampling results indicate a level in excess of the MCL, the supplier shall
must take a confirmation sample within 24 hours after the supplier’s receipt of notification of the
analytical results of the first sample.
1)
Suppliers unable to comply with the 24-hour sampling requirement must, based on the
initial sample, notify the persons served in accordance with Section 611.851 611.902 and
meet other Tier 1 public notification requirements under Subpart Q of this Part.
2)
Suppliers exercising this option must take and analyze a confirmation sample within two
weeks of notification of the analytical results of the first sample.
c)
Averaging rules are specified in Section 611.609. The Agency shall must delete the original or
confirmation sample if it determines that a sampling error occurred, in which case the
confirmation sample will replace the original sample.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(f) (1995) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 26022 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
SUBPART O: ORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section 611.648
Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V Synthetic Organic Contaminants
Analysis of the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs for the purposes of determining compliance with the MCL
must be conducted as follows:
a)
Definitions. As used in this Section, the following terms will have the following meanings:
“Detect or detection” means that the contaminant of interest is present at a level greater
than or equal to the “detection limit”.
“Detection limit” means the level of the contaminant of interest that is specified in
subsection (r) below of this Section.
BOARD NOTE: This is a “trigger level” for Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs
inasmuch as it prompts further action. The use of the term “detect” or “detection” in this
section is not intended to include any analytical capability of quantifying lower levels of
any contaminant, or the “method detection limit”.
63
b)
Required sampling. Each supplier shall must take a minimum of one sample at each sampling
point at the times required in subsection (q) below of this Section.
BOARD NOTE: USEPA stayed the effective date of the MCLs for aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, and
aldicarb sulfoxide at 57 Fed. Reg. 22178 (May 27, 1991). Section 611.311(c) includes this stay.
However, despite the stay of the effectiveness of the MCLs for these three SOCs, suppliers must
monitor for them.
c)
Sampling points.
1)
Sampling points for GWSs. Unless otherwise provided by SEP, a GWS supplier shall must
take at least one sample from each of the following points: each entry point that is
representative of each well after treatment.
2)
Sampling points for SWSs and mixed systems. Unless otherwise provided by SEP, a SWS
or mixed system supplier shall must sample from each of the following points:
A)
Each entry point after treatment; or
B)
Points in the distribution system that are representative of each source.
3)
The supplier shall must take each sample at the same sampling point unless the Agency
has granted a SEP that designates another location as more representative of each source,
treatment plant, or within the distribution system.
4)
If a system draws water from more than one source, and the sources are combined before
distribution, the supplier shall must sample at an entry point during periods of normal
operating conditions when water is representative of all sources being used.
BOARD NOTE: Subsections (b) and (c) above of this Section derived from 40 CFR 141.24(h)(1)
through (h)(3) (1995) (1999).
d)
Monitoring frequency:.
1)
Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier shall must take four consecutive quarterly samples for
each of the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs during each compliance period,
beginning in the three-year compliance period starting in the initial compliance period.
2)
Suppliers serving more than 3,300 persons that do not detect a contaminant in the initial
compliance period, shall must take a minimum of two quarterly samples in one year of
each subsequent three-year compliance period.
3)
Suppliers serving less fewer than or equal to 3,300 persons that do not detect a
contaminant in the initial compliance period, shall must take a minimum of one sample
during each subsequent three-year compliance period.
e)
Reduction to annual monitoring frequency. A CWS or NTNCWS supplier may apply to the
Agency for a SEP that releases it from the requirements of subsection (d) above of this Section. A
SEP from the requirement of subsection (d) above of this Section shall must last for only a single
three-year compliance period.
f)
Vulnerability Assessment. The Agency shall must grant a SEP from the requirements of subsection
(d) above of this Section based on consideration of the factors set forth at Section 611.110(e).
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g)
If one of the Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase V SOCs is detected in any sample, then the following
must occur:
1)
The supplier shall must monitor quarterly for the contaminant at each sampling point
that resulted in a detection.
2)
Annual monitoring.
A)
A supplier may request that the Agency grant a SEP pursuant to Section 610.110
that reduces the monitoring frequency to annual.
B)
A request for a SEP must include the following minimal information:
i)
For a GWS, two quarterly samples.
ii)
For a SWS or mixed system, four quarterly samples.
C)
The Agency shall must grant a SEP that allows annual monitoring at a sampling
point if it determines that the sampling point is reliably and consistently below
the MCL.
D)
In issuing the SEP, the Agency shall must specify the level of the contaminant
upon which the “reliably and consistently” determination was based. All SEPs
that allow less frequent monitoring based on an Agency “reliably and
consistently” determination shall must include a condition requiring the supplier
to resume quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection (g)(1) above of this
Section if it detects any Phase II SOC.
3)
Suppliers that monitor annually shall must monitor during the quarter(s) quarters that
previously yielded the highest analytical result.
4)
Suppliers that have three consecutive annual samples with no detection of a contaminant
at a sampling point may apply to the Agency for a SEP with respect to that point, as
specified in subsections (e) and (f) above of this Section.
5)
Monitoring for related contaminants.
A)
If monitoring results in detection of one or more of the related contaminants
listed in subsection (g)(5)(B) below of this Section, subsequent monitoring shall
must analyze for all the related compounds in the respective group.
B)
Related contaminants:
i)
first First group:
aldicarb
aldicarb sulfone
aldicarb sulfoxide
ii)
second Second group:
heptachlor
heptachlor epoxide.
65
h)
Quarterly monitoring following MCL violations.
1)
Suppliers that violate an MCL for one of the Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase V SOCs, as
determined by subsection (k) below of this Section, shall must monitor quarterly for that
contaminant at the sampling point where the violation occurred, beginning the next
quarter after the violation.
2)
Annual monitoring.
A)
A supplier may request that the Agency grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110
that reduces the monitoring frequency to annual.
B)
A request for a SEP must include, at a minimum, the results from four quarterly
samples.
C)
The Agency shall must grant a SEP that allows annual monitoring at a sampling
point if it determines that the sampling point is reliably and consistently below
the MCL.
D)
In issuing the SEP, the Agency shall must specify the level of the contaminant
upon which the “reliably and consistently” determination was based. All SEPs
that allow less frequent monitoring based on an Agency “reliably and
consistently” determination shall must include a condition requiring the supplier
to resume quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection (h)(1) above of this
Section if it detects any Phase II SOC.
E)
The supplier shall must monitor during the quarter(s) quarters that previously
yielded the highest analytical result.
i)
Confirmation samples.
1)
If any of the Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase V SOCs are detected in a sample, the supplier
shall must take a confirmation sample as soon as possible, but no later than 14 days after
the supplier receives notice of the detection.
2)
Averaging is as specified in subsection (k) below of this Section.
3)
The Agency shall must delete the original or confirmation sample if it determines that a
sampling error occurred, in which case the confirmation sample will replace the original
or confirmation sample.
j)
This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(h)(10), an optional USEPA provision relating to
compositing of samples that USEPA does not require for state programs. This statement maintains
structural consistency with USEPA rules.
k) Compliance with the MCLs for the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs shall be determined
based on the analytical results obtained at each sampling point.
1) For suppliers that are conducting monitoring at a frequency greater than annual,
compliance is determined by a running annual average of all samples taken at each
sampling point.
66
A) If the annual average of any sampling point is greater than the MCL, then the
supplier is out of compliance.
B) If the initial sample or a subsequent sample would cause the annual average to
be exceeded, then the supplier is out of compliance immediately.
C) Any samples below the detection limit must be calculated as zero for purposes of
determining the annual average.
2) If monitoring is conducted annually or less frequently, the supplier is out of compliance if
the level of a contaminant at any sampling point is greater than the MCL. If a
confirmation sample is taken, the determination of compliance is based on the average of
two samples.
3) When the portion of the distribution system that is out of compliance is separable from
other parts of the distribution system and has no interconnections, the supplier may issue
the public notice required by Subpart T of this Part only to persons served by that portion
of the distribution system that is not in compliance.
k) This subsection (k) corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(h)(11) (1999), which USEPA removed at 65
Fed. Reg. 26022 (May 4, 2000). This statement maintains structural consistency with the federal
regulations.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(h)(11) (1995).
l)
This provision subsection (l) corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(h)(12) (1995) (1999), which USEPA
removed and reserved at 59 Fed. Reg. 62468 (Dec. 5, 1994). This statement maintains structural
consistency with the federal regulations.
m)
Analysis for PCBs must be conducted as follows using the methods in Section 611.645:
1)
Each supplier that monitors for PCBs shall must analyze each sample using either USEPA
Organic Methods, Method 505 or Method 508.
2)
If PCBs are detected in any sample analyzed using USEPA Organic Methods, Methods
505 or 508, the supplier shall must reanalyze the sample using Method 508A to quantitate
the individual Aroclors (as decachlorobiphenyl).
3)
Compliance with the PCB MCL must be determined based upon the quantitative results
of analyses using USEPA Organic Methods, Method 508A.
n)
Use of existing data.
1)
The Agency shall must allow the use of data collected after January 1, 1990 but prior to
the effective date of this Section, pursuant to Agency sample request letters, if it
determines that the data are generally consistent with the requirements of this Section.
2)
The Agency shall must grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows a supplier to
monitor annually beginning in the initial compliance period if it determines that the
supplier did not detect any Phase I VOC or Phase II VOC using existing data allowed
pursuant to subsection (n)(1) above of this Section.
o)
The Agency shall must issue a SEP that increases the number of sampling points or the frequency
of monitoring if it determines that this is necessary to detect variations within the PWS due to such
67
factors as fluctuations in contaminant concentration due to seasonal use or changes in the water
source.
BOARD NOTE: At 40 CFR 141.24(h)(15), USEPA uses the stated factors as non-limiting examples
of circumstances that make additional monitoring necessary.
p)
This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(h)(16), a USEPA provision that the Board has not
adopted because it reserves enforcement authority to the state and would serve no useful function
as part of the state’s rules. This statement maintains structural consistency with USEPA rules.
q)
Each supplier shall must monitor, within each compliance period, at the time designated by the
Agency by SEP pursuant to Section 611.110.
r)
“Detection” means greater than or equal to the following concentrations for each contaminant:
1)
for PCBs (Aroclors):
Aroclor
Detection Limit (mg/L)
1016
0.00008
1221
0.02
1232
0.0005
1242
0.0003
1248
0.0001
1254
0.0001
1260
0.0002
2)
for other Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs:
Contaminant
Detection Limit (mg/L)
Alachlor
0.0002
Aldicarb
0.0005
Aldicarb sulfoxide
0.0005
Aldicarb sulfone
0.0008
Atrazine
0.0001
Benzo(a)pyrene
0.00002
Carbofuran
0.0009
Chlordane
0.0002
2,4-D
0.0001
Dalapon
0.001
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)
0.00002
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
0.0006
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
0.0006
Dinoseb
0.0002
Diquat
0.0004
Endothall
0.009
Endrin
0.00001
Ethylene dibromide (EDB)
0.00001
Glyphosate
0.006
Heptachlor
0.00004
Heptachlor epoxide
0.00002
68
Hexachlorobenzene
0.0001
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
0.0001
Lindane
0.00002
Methoxychlor
0.0001
Oxamyl
0.002
Picloram
0.0001
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (as decachloro-
biphenyl)
0.0001
Pentachlorophenol
0.00004
Simazine
0.00007
Toxaphene
0.001
2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin)
0.000000005
2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
0.0002
s)
Laboratory Certification.
1)
Analyses under this Section must only be conducted by laboratories that have received
approval by USEPA or the Agency according to the following conditions.
2)
To receive certification to conduct analyses for the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs
the laboratory must do the following:
A)
Analyze performance evaluation samples provided by the Agency pursuant to
35 Ill. Adm. Code 183.125(c) that include these substances; and
B)
Achieve quantitative results on the analyses performed under subsection
(s)(2)(A) above of this Section that are within the acceptance limits set forth in
subsection (s)(2)(C) below of this Section.
C)
Acceptance limits:
SOC
Acceptance Limits
Alachlor
± 45%
Aldicarb
2 standard deviations
Aldicarb sulfone
2 standard deviations
Aldicarb sulfoxide
2 standard deviations
Atrazine
± 45%
Benzo(a)pyrene
2 standard deviations
Carbofuran
± 45%
Chlordane
± 45%
Dalapon
2 standard deviations
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
2 standard deviations
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
2 standard deviations
Dinoseb
2 standard deviations
Diquat
2 standard deviations
Endothall
2 standard deviations
Endrin
± 30%
Glyphosate
2 standard deviations
Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)
± 40%
Ethylene dibromide (EDB)
± 40%
Heptachlor
± 45%
Heptachlor epoxide
± 45%
Hexachlorobenzene
2 standard deviations
69
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
2 standard deviations
Lindane
± 45%
Methoxychlor
± 45%
Oxamyl
2 standard deviations
PCBs (as Decachlorobiphenyl)
0-200%
Pentachlorophenol
± 50%
Picloram
2 standard deviations
Simazine
2 standard deviations
Toxaphene
± 45%
2,4-D
± 50%
2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin)
2 standard deviations
2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
± 50%
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(h) (1995) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 26022 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
SUBPART R: ENHANCED FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION
Section 611.745
Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements
In addition to the reporting and recordkeeping requirements in Sections 611.261 and 611.262, a public water system
subject to the requirements of this Subpart that provides conventional filtration treatment or direct filtration shall
must report monthly to the Agency the information specified in subsections (a) and (b) of this Section beginning
January 1, 2002. In addition to the reporting and recordkeeping requirements in Sections 611.261 and 611.262, a
public water system subject to the requirements of this Subpart that provides filtration approved under Section
611.743(b) shall must report monthly to the Agency the information specified in subsection (a) of this Section
beginning January 1, 2002. The reporting in subsection (a) of this Section is in lieu of the reporting specified in
Section 611.262(a).
a)
Turbidity measurements, as required by Section 611.743, must be reported within ten days after
the end of each month the system serves water to the public. Information that must be reported is
the following:
1)
The total number of filtered water turbidity measurements taken during the month.
2)
The number and percentage of filtered water turbidity measurements taken during the
month which are less than or equal to the turbidity limits specified in Section 611.743 (a)
or (b).
3)
The date and value of any turbidity measurements taken during the month that exceed 1
NTU for systems using conventional filtration treatment or direct filtration, or that exceed
the maximum level under Section 611.743(b).
b)
Systems shall must maintain the results of individual filter monitoring taken under Section 611.744
for at least three years. Systems shall must report that they have conducted individual filter
turbidity monitoring under Section 611.744 within ten days after the end of each month the system
serves water to the public. Systems shall must report individual filter turbidity measurement
results taken under Section 611.744 within ten days after the end of each month the system serves
water to the public only if measurements demonstrate one or more of the conditions in subsections
(b)(1) through (4) of this Section. Systems that use lime softening may apply to the Agency for
alternative exceedence levels for the levels specified in subsections (b)(1) through (4) of this Section
70
if they can demonstrate that higher turbidity levels in individual filters are due to lime carryover
only and not due to degraded filter performance.
1)
For any individual filter that has a measured turbidity level of greater than 1.0 NTU in
two consecutive measurements taken 15 minutes apart, the system shall must report the
filter number, the turbidity measurement, and the date(s) dates on which the exceedence
occurred. In addition, the system shall must either produce a filter profile for the filter
within seven days of the exceedence (if the system is not able to identify an obvious reason
for the abnormal filter performance) and report that the profile has been produced or
report the obvious reason for the exceedence.
2)
For any individual filter that has a measured turbidity level of greater than 0.5 NTU in
two consecutive measurements taken 15 minutes apart at the end of the first four hours of
continuous filter operation after the filter has been backwashed or otherwise taken offline,
the system shall must report the filter number, the turbidity, and the date(s) dates on
which the exceedence occurred. In addition, the system shall must either produce a filter
profile for the filter within seven days after the exceedence (if the system is not able to
identify an obvious reason for the abnormal filter performance) and report that the profile
has been produced or report the obvious reason for the exceedence.
3)
For any individual filter that has a measured turbidity level of greater than 1.0 NTU in
two consecutive measurements taken 15 minutes apart at any time in each of three
consecutive months, the system shall must report the filter number, the turbidity
measurement, and the date(s) dates on which the exceedence occurred. In addition, the
system shall must conduct a self-assessment of the filter within 14 days of the exceedence
and report that the self-assessment was conducted. The self assessment must consist of at
least the following components: assessment of filter performance; development of a filter
profile; identification and prioritization of factors limiting filter performance; assessment
of the applicability of corrections; and preparation of a filter self-assessment report.
4)
For any individual filter that has a measured turbidity level of greater than 2.0 NTU in
two consecutive measurements taken 15 minutes apart at any time in each of two
consecutive months, the system shall must report the filter number, the turbidity
measurement, and the date(s) dates on which the exceedence occurred. In addition, the
system shall must arrange for the conduct of a comprehensive performance evaluation by
the Agency or a third party approved by the Agency no later than 30 days following the
exceedence and have the evaluation completed and submitted to the Agency no later than
90 days following the exceedence.
c) Additional reporting requirements.
1) If at any time the turbidity exceeds 1 NTU in representative samples of
filtered water in a system using conventional filtration treatment or direct
filtration, the supplier must consult with the Agency as soon as practical,
but no later than 24 hours after the exceedance is known, in accordance with
the public notification requirements under Section 611.903(b)(3).
2) If at any time the turbidity in representative samples of filtered water
exceed the maximum level set by the Agency under Section 611.743(b) for
filtration technologies other than conventional filtration treatment, direct
filtration, slow sand filtration, or diatomaceous earth filtration, the supplier
must consult with the Agency as soon as practical, but no later than 24 hours
71
after the exceedance is known, in accordance with the public notification
requirements under Section 611.903(b)(3).
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.175 (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 26035 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
SUBPART T: REPORTING, PUBLIC NOTIFICATION AND RECORDKEEPING
Section 611.832
Notice by Agency (Repealed)
The Agency may give the public notices required in this Part on behalf of the CWS supplier. However, the supplier
remains responsible for ensuring that the requirements of this Part are met.
BOARD NOTE: Drawn from 40 CFR 141.32(g) (1989).
(Source: Repealed at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.840
Reporting
a)
Except where a shorter period is specified in this Part, a supplier shall must report to the Agency
the results of any test measurement or analysis required by this Part within the following times,
whichever is shortest:
1)
The first ten days following the month in which the result is received; or
2)
The first ten days following the end of the required monitoring period, as specified by
special exception permit.
b)
Except where a different reporting period is specified in this Part, the supplier shall must report to
the Agency within 48 hours any failure to comply with any provision (including failure to comply
with monitoring requirements) of this Part.
c)
The supplier is not required to report analytical results to the Agency in cases where an Agency
laboratory performs the analysis.
d)
The supplier, within ten days of completion of each completing the public notification required
pursuant to Section 611.851 et seq., shall requirements under Subpart Q of this part for the initial
public notice and any repeat notices, must submit to the Agency a certification that it has fully
complied with the public notification regulations. The PWS must include with this certification a
representative copy of each type of notice distributed, published, posted or made available to the
persons served by the supplier or to the media.
e)
The supplier shall must submit to the Agency within the time stated in the request copies of any
records required to be maintained under Section 611.860 or copies of any documents then in
existence which the Agency is entitled to inspect pursuant to the authority of Section 4 of the Act.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.31 (1989) (1999), as amended at 54 65 Fed. Reg. 27562, June 29, 1989
26022 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
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Section 611.851
Reporting MCL, MRDL, and other Violations (Repealed)
A PWS that fails to comply with an applicable MCL or treatment technique established by this Part or which fails to
comply with the requirements of any schedule prescribed pursuant to a variance or adjusted standard shall notify
persons served by the PWS as follows:
a) Except as provided in subsection (c), the supplier shall give notice:
1) By publication in a daily newspaper of general circulation in the area served by the PWS
as soon as possible, but in no case later than 14 days after the violation or failure. If the
area served by a PWS is not served by a daily newspaper of general circulation, notice
must instead be given by publication in a weekly newspaper of general circulation serving
the area; and
2) By mail delivery (by direct mail or with the water bill), or by hand delivery, not later than
45 days after the violation or failure. This is not required if the Agency determines by SEP
that the supplier in violation has corrected the violation or failure within the 45-day
period; and
3) For violations of the MCLs of contaminants or MRDLs of disinfectants that pose an acute
risk to human health, by furnishing a copy of the notice to the radio and television
stations serving the area served by the PWS as soon as possible but in no case later than
72 hours after the violation. The following violations are acute violations:
A) Any violations posing an acute risk to human health, as specified in this Part or
as determined by the Agency on a case-by-case basis.
B) Violation of the MCL for nitrate or nitrite in Section 611.301.
C) Violation of the MCL for total coliforms, when fecal coliforms or E. coli are
present in the water distribution system, as specified in Section 611.325(b).
D) Occurrence of a waterborne disease outbreak.
E) Violation of the MRDL for chlorine dioxide as defined in Section 611.313 and
determined according to Section 611.383(c)(2).
b) Except as provided in subsection (c), following the initial notice given under subsection (a), the
supplier shall give notice at least once every three months by mail delivery (by direct mail or with
the water bill) or by hand delivery, for as long as the violation or failure exists.
c) Alternative methods of notice.
1) In lieu of the requirements of subsections (a) and (b), a CWS supplier in an area that is not
served by a daily or weekly newspaper of general circulation shall give notice by hand
delivery or by continuous posting in conspicuous places within the area served by the
CWS. Notice by hand delivery or posting must begin as soon as possible, but no later than
72 hours after the violation or failure for acute violations (as defined in subsection (a)(3))
or 14 days after the violation or failure (for any other violation). Posting must continue
for as long as the violation or failure exists. Notice by hand delivery must be repeated at
least every three months for as long as the violation or failure exists.
2) In lieu of the requirements of subsections (a) and (b), a non-CWS supplier may give notice
by hand delivery or by continuous posting in conspicuous places within the area served
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by the non-CWS. Notice by hand delivery or posting must begin as soon as possible, but
no later than 72 hours after the violation or failure for acute violations (as defined in
subsection (a)(3)), or 14 days after the violation or failure (for any other violation).
Posting must continue for as long as the violation or failure exists. Notice by hand
delivery must be repeated at least every three months for as long as the violation or failure
exists.
3) Where allowed, pursuant to Section 611.609(d), 611.646(o)(3), or 611.648(k)(3) because it
has a separable system, a supplier may issue public notice only to persons on that portion
of its system that is out of compliance.
BOARD NOTE: Generally derived from 40 CFR 141.32(a) (1998). Subsection (c)(3) derived from 40 CFR 141.23(i)(4)
& 141.24(f)(15)(iii), (g)(9) & (h)(11)(iii) (1993).
(Source: Repealed at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.852
Reporting other Violations (Repealed)
A supplier that fails to perform monitoring required by this Part, which fails to comply with a testing procedure
established by this Part, or which is subject to a variance or adjusted standard under Section 611.111, 611.112 or
611.113 shall notify persons served by the PWS as follows:
a) Except as provided in subsection (c) or (d), the supplier shall give notice, within three months of
the violation or granting of a variance or adjusted standard, by publication in a daily newspaper of
general circulation in the area served by the PWS. If the area served by a PWS is not served by a
daily newspaper of general circulation, notice must instead be given by publication in a weekly
newspaper of general circulation serving the area.
b) Except as provided in subsection (c) or (d), following the initial notice given under subsection (a),
the supplier shall give notice at least once every three months by mail delivery (by direct mail or
with the water bill) or by hand delivery, for as long as the violation exists. Repeat notice of the
existence of a variance or adjusted standard (Section 611.111 through 611.113) must be given
every three months for as long as the variance or adjusted standard remains in effect.
c) Alternative methods of notice.
1) In lieu of the requirements of subsections (a) and (b), a CWS supplier in an area that is not
served by a daily or weekly newspaper of general circulation shall give notice, within
three months of the violation or granting of the variance or adjusted standard, by hand
delivery or by continuous posting in conspicuous places within the area served by the
CWS. Posting must continue for as long as the violation exists or a variance or adjusted
standard remains in effect. The CWS supplier shall repeat the notice by hand delivery
every three months for as long as the variance or adjusted standard remains in effect.
2) In lieu of the requirements of subsections (a) and (b), a non-CWS supplier may give notice,
within three months of the violation or the granting of the variance or adjusted standard,
by hand delivery or by continuous posting in conspicuous places within the area served
by the non-CWS. Posting must continue for as long as the violation exists, or a variance
or adjusted standard remains in effect. Notice by hand delivery must be repeated at least
every three months for as long as the violation exists or a variance or adjusted standard
remains in effect.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(b) (1995).
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(Source: Repealed at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.853
Notice to New Billing Units (Repealed)
A CWS supplier shall give a copy of the most recent public notice for any outstanding violation of any MCL,
treatment technique requirement or variance or adjusted standard schedule to all new billing units or new hookups
prior to or at the time service begins.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(c) (1989).
(Source: Repealed at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.854
General Content of Public Notice (Repealed)
Each notice required by this Section must provide a clear and readily understandable explanation of the violation,
any potential adverse health effects, the population at risk, the steps that the supplier is taking to correct such
violation, the necessity for seeking alternative water supplies, if any, and any preventive measures the consumer
should take until the violation is corrected. Each notice must be conspicuous and must not contain unduly technical
language, unduly small print or similar problems that frustrate the purpose of the notice. Each notice must include
the telephone number of the supplier or a designee as a source of additional information concerning the notice.
Where appropriate, the notice must be multi-lingual.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(d) (1989).
(Source: Repealed at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.855
Mandatory Health Effects Language (Repealed)
When providing the information on potential adverse health effects required by Section 611.854 in notices of
violations of MCLs or treatment technique requirements, or notices of the granting or the continued existence of
adjusted standards or variances, or notices of failure to comply with a variance or adjusted standard schedule, the
supplier shall include the language specified in Section 611.Appendix A for each contaminant. (If language for a
particular contaminant is not specified at the time notice is required, this Section does not apply).
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(e) (1991).
(Source: Repealed at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.856
Fluoride Notice (Repealed)
Notice of violations of the MCL for fluoride, notices of variances and adjusted standards from the MCL for fluoride
and notices of failure to comply with variance and adjusted standard schedules for the MCL for fluoride must consist
of the public notice prescribed in Appendix A plus a description of any steps which the supplier is taking to come
into compliance.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(f) and (g) (1993).
(Source: Repealed at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.858
Fluoride Secondary Standard (Repealed)
If a CWS exceeds the secondary standard for fluoride of 2.0 mg/L, as determined by the last single sample taken in
accordance with Section 611.603, but does not exceed the MCL in Section 611.301(b), the supplier shall provide the
fluoride notice in Section 611.Appendix A (9) to:
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a) All billing units annually;
b) All billing units at the time service begins; and
c) The local public health department.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 143.3 and 143.5 (1994).
(Source: Repealed at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.860
Record Maintenance
A supplier shall must retain on its premises or at a convenient location near its premises the following records:
a)
Records of bacteriological analyses made pursuant to this Part must be kept for not less than 5 five
years. Records of chemical analyses made pursuant to this Part must be kept for not less than 10
ten years. Actual laboratory reports may be kept, or data may be transferred to tabular
summaries, provided that the following information is included:
1)
The date, place and time of sampling, and the name of the person who collected the
sample;
2)
Identification of the sample as to whether it was a routine distribution system sample,
check sample, raw or process water sample or other special purpose sample;
3)
Date of analysis;
4)
Laboratory and person responsible for performing analysis;
5)
The analytical technique or method used; and
6)
The results of the analysis.
b)
Records of action taken by the supplier to correct violations of this Part must be kept for a period
not less than 3 three years after the last action taken with respect to the particular violation
involved.
c)
Copies of any written reports, summaries or communications relating to sanitary surveys of the
system conducted by the supplier itself, by a private consultant, by U.S. EPA USEPA, the Agency
or a unit of local government delegated pursuant to Section 611.108, must be kept for a period not
less than 10 ten years after completion of the sanitary survey involved.
d)
Records concerning a variance or adjusted standard granted to the supplier must be kept for a
period ending not less than 5 five years following the expiration of such variance or adjusted
standard.
e) Copies of public notices issued pursuant to Subpart V of this Part and certifications
made to the Agency pursuant to Section 611.840 must be kept for three years after
issuance.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.33 (1994) (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 26022 (May 4, 2000).
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(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
SUBPART U: CONSUMER CONFIDENCE REPORTS
Section 611.881
Purpose and Applicability of this Subpart
a)
This Subpart establishes the minimum requirements for the content of annual reports that
community water systems (CWSs) must deliver to their customers. These reports must contain
information on the quality of the water delivered by the systems and characterize the risks (if any)
from exposure to contaminants detected in the drinking water in an accurate and understandable
manner.
b)
Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 611.100(d), this Subpart only applies to CWSs.
c)
For the purpose of this Subpart, “customers” are defined as billing units or service connections to
which water is delivered by a CWS.
d)
For the purpose of this Subpart, “detected” means the following: at or above the detection limit
levels prescribed by Section 611.600(d) for inorganic contaminants, at or above the levels
prescribed by Section 611.646 for Phase I, II, and V VOCs, at or above the levels prescribed by
Section 611.648(r) for Phase II, IIB, and V SOCs, and at or above the levels prescribed by Section
611.720(c)(3) for radioactive contaminants.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.151 (1999).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.883
Content of the Reports
a)
Each CWS shall must provide to its customers an annual report that contains the information
specified in this Section and Section 611.884.
b)
Information on the source of the water delivered:.
1)
Each report must identify the source(s) sources of the water delivered by the CWS by
providing information on the following:
A)
The type of the water: (e.g., surface water, groundwater); and
B)
The commonly used name (if any) and location of the body (or bodies) of water.
2)
If a source water assessment has been completed, the report must notify consumers of the
availability of this information and the means to obtain it. In addition, systems are
encouraged to highlight in the report significant sources of contamination in the source
water area if they have readily available information. Where a system has received a
source water assessment from the Agency, the report must include a brief summary of the
system’s susceptibility to potential sources of contamination, using language provided by
the Agency or written by the PWS.
c)
Definitions.
1)
Each report must include the following definitions:
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A)
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal or MCLG: The level of a contaminant in
drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health.
MCLGs allow for a margin of safety.
BOARD NOTE: Although an MCLG is not an NPDWR that the
Board must include in the Illinois SDWA regulations, the use of this
definition is mandatory where the term “MCLG” is defined.
B)
Maximum Contaminant Level or MCL: The highest level of a contaminant that
is allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as close to the MCLGs as feasible
using the best available treatment technology.
2)
A report for a CWS operating under relief from an NPDWR issued under Sections
611.111, 611.112, 611.130, or 611.131 must include the following definition: “Variances,
Adjusted Standards, and Site-specific Rules: State permission not to meet an MCL or a
treatment technique under certain conditions.”
3)
A report that contains data on a contaminant for which contaminants that USEPA has
set a treatment technique or an action level must include one or both of the following
definitions as applicable regulates using any of the following terms must include the
applicable definitions:
A)
Treatment Technique: A required process intended to reduce the level of a
contaminant in drinking water.
B)
Action Level: The concentration of a contaminant that, if exceeded, triggers
treatment or other requirements which a water system must follow.
C) Maximum residual disinfectant level goal or MRDLG: The level of
a drinking water disinfectant below which there is no known or
expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the
use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants.
BOARD NOTE: Although an MRDLG is not an NPDWR that the
Board must include in the Illinois SDWA regulations, the use of this
definition is mandatory where the term “MRDLG” is defined.
D) Maximum residual disinfectant level or MRDL: The highest level
of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is convincing
evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of
microbial contaminants.
d)
Information on detected contaminants.
1)
This subsection (d) specifies the requirements for information to be included in each report
for contaminants subject to mandatory monitoring (except Cryptosporidium). It applies
to the following:
A)
Contaminants subject to an MCL, action level, MRDL, or treatment technique
(regulated contaminants);
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B)
Contaminants for which monitoring is required by Section 611.510 (unregulated
contaminants); and
C)
Disinfection byproducts or microbial contaminants for which monitoring is
required by Section 611.382 and Subpart L, except as provided under subsection
(e)(1) of this Section, and which are detected in the finished water.
2)
The data relating to these contaminants must be displayed in one table or in several
adjacent tables. Any additional monitoring results that a CWS chooses to include in its
report must be displayed separately.
3)
The data must be derived from data collected to comply with monitoring and analytical
requirements during calendar year 1998 for the first report and subsequent calendar years
thereafter, except that the following requirements also apply:
A)
Where a system is allowed to monitor for regulated contaminants less often than
once a year, the table(s) tables must include the date and results of the most
recent sampling, and the report must include a brief statement indicating that
the data presented in the report is from the most recent testing done in
accordance with the regulations. No data older than five years need be
included.
B)
Results of monitoring in compliance with Section 611.382 and Subpart L need
only be included for five years from the date of last sample or until any of the
detected contaminants becomes regulated and subject to routine monitoring
requirements, whichever comes first.
4)
For detected regulated contaminants (listed in Appendix FA of this Part), the table(s)
tables must contain the following:
A)
The MCL for that contaminant expressed as a number equal to or greater than
1.0 (as provided Appendix FA of this Part);
B)
The Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) for that contaminant expressed
in the same units as the MCL
C)
If there is no MCL for a detected contaminant, the table must indicate that there
is a treatment technique, or specify the action level, applicable to that
contaminant, and the report must include the definitions for treatment technique
or action level, as appropriate, specified in subsection (c)(3) of this Section;
D)
For contaminants subject to an MCL, except turbidity and total coliforms, the
highest contaminant level used to determine compliance with an NPDWR, and
the range of detected levels, as follows:
i)
When compliance with the MCL is determined annually or less
frequently: The the highest detected level at any sampling point and
the range of detected levels expressed in the same units as the MCL.
ii)
When compliance with the MCL is determined by calculating a running
annual average of all samples taken at a sampling point: the highest
average of any of the sampling points and the range of all sampling
points expressed in the same units as the MCL.
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iii)
When compliance with the MCL is determined on a system-wide basis
by calculating a running annual average of all samples at all sampling
points: the average and range of detection expressed in the same units
as the MCL;
BOARD NOTE to subsection (d)(4)(D): When rounding of results to determine
compliance with the MCL is allowed by the regulations, rounding should be
done prior to multiplying the results by the factor listed in Appendix FA; derived
from 40 CFR 153 (1998) (1999).
E)
For turbidity the following:
i)
When it is reported pursuant to Section 611.560: The the highest
average monthly value.
ii)
When it is reported pursuant to the requirements of Section 611.211(b):
The highest monthly value. The the report must include an explanation
of the reasons for measuring turbidity.
iii)
When it is reported pursuant to Section 611.250 or 611.743: The the
highest single measurement and the lowest monthly percentage of
samples meeting the turbidity limits specified in Section 611.250 or
611.743 for the filtration technology being used. The the report must
include an explanation of the reasons for measuring turbidity;
F)
For lead and copper the following: the 90th percentile value of the most recent
round of sampling and the number of sampling sites exceeding the action level;
G)
For total coliform the following:
i)
The highest monthly number of positive samples for systems collecting
fewer than 40 samples per month; or
ii)
The highest monthly percentage of positive samples for systems
collecting at least 40 samples per month;
H)
For fecal coliform the following: the total number of positive samples; and
I)
The likely source(s) sources of detected contaminants to the best of the supplier’s
knowledge. Specific information regarding contaminants may be available in
sanitary surveys and source water assessments, and must be used when
available to the supplier. If the supplier lacks specific information on the likely
source, the report must include one or more of the typical sources for that
contaminant listed in Appendix G of this Part which are most applicable to the
CWS.
5)
If a CWS distributes water to its customers from multiple hydraulically independent
distribution systems that are fed by different raw water sources, the table must contain a
separate column for each service area and the report must identify each separate
distribution system. Alternatively, a CWS may produce separate reports tailored to
include data for each service area.
6)
The table(s) tables must clearly identify any data indicating violations of MCLs, MRDLs,
or treatment techniques, and the report must contain a clear and readily understandable
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explanation of the violation including the following: the length of the violation, the
potential adverse health effects, and actions taken by the CWS to address the violation.
To describe the potential health effects, the CWS shall must use the relevant language of
Appendix HA of this Part.
7)
For detected unregulated contaminants for which monitoring is required (except
Cryptosporidium), the table(s) tables must contain the average and range at which the
contaminant was detected. The report may include a brief explanation of the reasons for
monitoring for unregulated contaminants.
e)
Information on Cryptosporidium, radon, and other contaminants:
1)
If the CWS has performed any monitoring for Cryptosporidium, including monitoring
performed to satisfy the requirements of Subpart L of this Part, that indicates that
Cryptosporidium may be present in the source water or the finished water, the report
must include the following:
A)
A summary of the results of the monitoring; and
B)
An explanation of the significance of the results.
2)
If the CWS has performed any monitoring for radon which indicates that radon may be
present in the finished water, the report must include the following:
A)
The results of the monitoring; and
B)
An explanation of the significance of the results.
3)
If the CWS has performed additional monitoring that indicates the presence of other
contaminants in the finished water, the report must include the following:
A)
The results of the monitoring; and
B)
An explanation of the significance of the results noting the existence of any
health advisory or proposed regulation.
f)
Compliance with an NPDWR. In addition to the requirements of subsection (d)(6) of this Section,
the report must note any violation that occurred during the year covered by the report of a
requirement listed below, and include a clear and readily understandable explanation of the
violation, any potential adverse health effects, and the steps the CWS has taken to correct the
violation.
1)
Monitoring and reporting of compliance data;
2)
Filtration and disinfection prescribed by Subpart B of this Part. For CWSs that have failed
to install adequate filtration or disinfection equipment or processes, or have had a failure
of such equipment or processes which constitutes a violation, the report must include the
following language as part of the explanation of potential adverse health effects:
Inadequately treated water may contain disease-causing organisms. These organisms
include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps,
diarrhea, and associated headaches.
3)
Lead and copper control requirements prescribed by Subpart G of this Part. For systems
that fail to take one or more actions prescribed by Sections 611.350(d), 611.351, 611.352,
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611.353, or 611.354, the report must include the applicable language of Appendix HA of
this Part for lead, copper, or both.
4)
Treatment techniques for acrylamide and epichlorohydrin prescribed by Section 611.296.
For systems that violate the requirements of Section 611.296, the report must include the
relevant language from 611.Appendix HA of this Part.
5)
Recordkeeping of compliance data.
6)
Special monitoring requirements prescribed by Sections 611.510 and 611.630; and
7)
Violation of the terms of a variance, adjusted standard, site-specific rule, or administrative
or judicial order.
g)
Variances, adjusted standards, and site-specific rules. If a system is operating under the terms of a
variance, adjusted standard, or site-specific rule issued under Sections 611.111, 611.112, or
611.131, the report must contain the following:
1)
An explanation of the reasons for the variance, adjusted standard, or site-specific rule;
2)
The date on which the variance, adjusted standard, or site-specific rule was issued;
3)
A brief status report on the steps the CWS is taking to install treatment, find alternative
sources of water, or otherwise comply with the terms and schedules of the variance,
adjusted standard, or site-specific rule; and
4)
A notice of any opportunity for public input in the review, or renewal, of the variance,
adjusted standard, or site-specific rule.
h)
Additional information:.
1)
The report must contain a brief explanation regarding contaminants that may reasonably
be expected to be found in drinking water, including bottled water. This explanation may
include the language of subsections (h)(1)(A) through (h)(1)(C) of this Section or CWSs
may use their own comparable language. The report also must include the language of
subsection (h)(1)(D) of this Section.
A)
The sources of drinking water (both tap water and bottled water) include rivers,
lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water travels over the
surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves naturally-occurring
minerals and, in some cases, radioactive material, and can pick up substances
resulting from the presence of animals or from human activity.
B)
Contaminants that may be present in source water include the following:
i)
Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, which may come
from sewage treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural livestock
operations, and wildlife;
ii)
Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals, which can be
naturally-occurring or result from urban stormwater runoff, industrial
or domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas production, mining, or
farming;
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iii)
Pesticides and herbicides, which may come from a variety of sources
such as agriculture, urban stormwater runoff, and residential uses;
iv)
Organic chemical contaminants, including synthetic and volatile
organic chemicals, which are byproducts of industrial processes and
petroleum production, and can also come from gas stations, urban
stormwater runoff, and septic systems; and
v)
Radioactive contaminants, which can be naturally-occurring or be the
result of oil and gas production and mining activities.
C)
In order to ensure that tap water is safe to drink, USEPA prescribes regulations
which limit the amount of certain contaminants in water provided by public
water systems. United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA)
regulations establish limits for contaminants in bottled water that must provide
the same protection for public health.
D)
Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain
at least small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants
does not necessarily indicate that water poses a health risk. More information
about contaminants and potential health effects can be obtained by calling the
USEPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791).
2)
The report must include the telephone number of the owner, operator, or designee of the
CWS as a source of additional information concerning the report.
3)
In communities with a large proportion of non-English speaking residents, as determined
by the Agency, the report must contain information in the appropriate language(s)
languages regarding the importance of the report or contain a telephone number or
address where such residents may contact the system to obtain a translated copy of the
report or assistance in the appropriate language.
4)
The report must include information about opportunities for public participation in
decisions that may affect the quality of the water.
5)
The CWS may include such additional information as it deems necessary for public
education consistent with, and not detracting from, the purpose of the report.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.153 (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 26022 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.884
Required Additional Health Information
a)
All reports must prominently display the following language: Some people may be more
vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population. Immuno-compromised
persons such as persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have undergone
organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some elderly, and
infants can be particularly at risk from infections. These people should seek advice about drinking
water from their health care providers. USEPA or Center for Disease Control guidelines on
appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium and other microbial
contaminants are available from the USEPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791).
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b)
A CWS that detects arsenic at levels above 25
μ
g/L, but below the MCL must do the following:
1)
Shall The CWS must include in its report a short informational statement about arsenic,
using the following language: USEPA is reviewing the drinking water standard for
arsenic because of special concerns that it may not be stringent enough. Arsenic is a
naturally-occurring mineral known to cause cancer in humans at high concentrations; or
2)
May The CWS may write its own educational statement, but only in consultation with the
Agency.
c)
A CWS that detects nitrate at levels above 5 mg/L, but below the MCL must do the following:
1)
Shall The CWS must include a short informational statement about the impacts of nitrate
on children, using the following language: Nitrate in drinking water at levels above 10
ppm is a health risk for infants of less than six months of age. High nitrate levels in
drinking water can cause blue baby syndrome. Nitrate levels may rise quickly for short
periods of time because of rainfall or agricultural activity. If you are caring for an infant
you should ask advice from your health care provider; or
2)
May The CWS may write its own educational statement, but only in consultation with the
Agency.
d)
A CWS that detects lead above the action level in more than 5% five percent, and up to and
including 10% ten percent, of homes sampled must do the following:
1)
Shall The CWS must include a short informational statement about the special impact of
lead on children, using the following language: Infants and young children are typically
more vulnerable to lead in drinking water than the general population. It is possible that
lead levels at your home may be higher than at other homes in the community as a result
of materials used in your home’s plumbing. If you are concerned about elevated lead
levels in your home’s water, you may wish to have your water tested and flush your tap
for 30 seconds to 2 two minutes before using tap water. Additional information is
available from the USEPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791); or
2)
May The CWS may write its own educational statement, but only in consultation with the
Agency.
e)
A CWS that detects TTHM above 0.080 mg/L, but below the MCL in Section 611.312, as an
annual average, monitored and calculated under the provisions of Section 611.680, shall must
include the health effects language prescribed by Appendix H(73)A of this Part.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.154 (1999), as amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 26022 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.885
Report Delivery and Recordkeeping
a)
Except as provided in subsection (g) of this Section, each CWS shall must mail or otherwise directly
deliver one copy of the report to each customer.
b)
The CWS shall must make a good faith effort to reach consumers who do not get water bills, using
means recommended by the Agency. A good faith effort to reach consumers includes, but is not
limited to, methods such as the following: posting the reports on the Internet, advertising the
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availability of the report in the news media, publication in a local newspaper, or delivery to
community organizations.
c)
No later than the date the CWS is required to distribute the report to its customers, each CWS shall
must mail a copy of the report to the Agency, followed within three months by a certification that
the report has been distributed to customers, and that the information is correct and consistent
with the compliance monitoring data previously submitted to the Agency.
d)
No later than the date the CWS is required to distribute the report to its customers, each CWS shall
must deliver the report to any other agency or clearinghouse identified by the Agency.
e)
Each CWS shall must make its reports available to the public upon request.
f)
Each CWS serving 100,000 or more persons shall must post its current year’s report to a publicly-
accessible site on the Internet.
g)
The Governor or his designee may waive the requirement of subsection (a) of this Section for a
CWS serving fewer than 10,000 persons.
1)
Such a CWS shall must do the following:
A)
Publish The CWS must publish the report in one or more local newspapers
serving the county in which the CWS is located;
B)
Inform The CWS must inform the customers that the report will not be mailed,
either in the newspapers in which the report is published or by other means
approved by the Agency; and
C)
Make The CWS must make the report available to the public upon request.
2)
Systems serving fewer than 500 persons may forgo the requirements of subsections
(g)(1)(A) and (B) of this Section if they provide notice at least once per year to their
customers by mail, door-to-door delivery or by posting in a location approved by the
Agency that the report is available upon request.
h)
Any system subject to this Subpart shall must retain copies of its consumer confidence report for no
less than five years.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.155 (1999).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
SUBPART V: PUBLIC NOTIFICATION OF DRINKING WATER VIOLATIONS
Section 611.901 General Public Notification Requirements
The requirements of this Subpart V replace former notice requirements.
a) Who must give public notice. Each owner or operator of a public water system (a
CWS, a NTNCWSs, or a transient non-CWS) must give notice for all violations of
a NPDWR and for other situations, as listed in this subsection (a). The term
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“NPDWR violation” is used in this Subpart V to include violations of an MCL, an
MRDL, a treatment technique, monitoring requirements, or a testing procedure set
forth in this Part. Appendix G to this Part identifies the tier assignment for each
specific violation or situation requiring a public notice.
1) NPDWR violations:
A) A failure to comply with an applicable MCL or MRDL.
B) A failure to comply with a prescribed treatment technique.
C) A failure to perform water quality monitoring, as required by this
Part.
D) A failure to comply with testing procedures as prescribed by this
Part.
2) Relief equivalent to a variance and exemptions under sections 1415 and
1416 of SDWA:
A) Operation under relief equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415
variance, under Section 611.111, or a SDWA Section 1416
exemption, under Section 611.112.
B) A failure to comply with the requirements of any schedule that has
been set under relief equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415 variance,
under Section 611.111, or a SDWA Section 1415 exemption, under
Section 611.112.
3) Special public notices:
A) The occurrence of a waterborne disease outbreak or other
waterborne emergency.
B) An exceedance of the nitrate MCL by a non-CWS, where granted
permission by the Agency under Section 611.300(d).
C) An exceedance of the secondary fluoride standard of Section
611.858.
D) The availability of unregulated contaminant monitoring data.
E) Other violations and situations determined by the Agency by a SEP
issued pursuant to Section 611.110 to require a public notice under
this Subpart, not already listed in Appendix G.
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b) The type of public notice required for each violation or situation. The public
notice requirements of this Subpart V are divided into three tiers, to take into
account the seriousness of the violation or situation and of any potential adverse
health effects that may be involved. The public notice requirements for each
violation or situation listed in subsection section (a) of this Section are determined
by the tier to which it is assigned. This subsection (b) provides the definition of
each tier. Appendix G of this Part identifies the tier assignment for each specific
violation or situation.
1) Tier 1 public notice: required for NPDWR violations and situations with
significant potential to have serious adverse effects on human health as a
result of short-term exposure.
2) Tier 2 public notice: required for all other NPDWR violations and
situations with potential to have serious adverse effects on human health.
3) Tier 3 public notice: required for all other NPDWR violations and
situations not included in Tier 1 and Tier 2.
c) Who must receive notice.
1) Each PWS supplier must provide public notice to persons served by the
water supplier, in accordance with this Subpart V. A PWS supplier that
sells or otherwise provides drinking water to another PWS supplier (i.e., to
a consecutive system) is required to give public notice to the owner or
operator of the consecutive system; the consecutive system supplier is
responsible for providing public notice to the persons it serves.
2) If a PWS supplier has a violation in a portion of the distribution system that
is physically or hydraulically isolated from other parts of the distribution
system, the Agency may allow the system to limit distribution of the public
notice to only persons served by that portion of the system which is out of
compliance. Permission by the Agency for limiting distribution of the
notice must be granted in writing, by a SEP granted pursuant to Section
611.110.
3) A copy of the notice must also be sent to the Agency, in accordance with the
requirements under Section 611.840(d).
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.201, as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 26035 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Added at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.902 Tier 1 Public Notice--Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice
a) Which violations or situations require a Tier 1 public notice. This subsection (a)
lists the violation categories and other situations requiring a Tier 1 public notice.
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Appendix G of this Part identifies the tier assignment for each specific violation or
situation.
1) Violation of the MCL for total coliforms when fecal coliform or E. coli are
present in the water distribution system (as specified in Section
611.325(b)), or when the water supplier fails to test for fecal coliforms or
E. coli when any repeat sample tests positive for coliform (as specified in
Section 611.525);
2) Violation of the MCL for nitrate, nitrite, or total nitrate and nitrite, as
defined in Section 611.301, or when the water supplier fails to take a
confirmation sample within 24 hours of the supplier’s receipt of the first
sample showing an exceedance of the nitrate or nitrite MCL, as specified in
Section 611.606(b);
3) Exceedance of the nitrate MCL by a non-CWS supplier, where permitted to
exceed the MCL by the Agency under Section 611.300(d), as required under
Section 611.909;
4) Violation of the MRDL for chlorine dioxide, as defined in Section
611.313(a), when one or more samples taken in the distribution system the
day following an exceedance of the MRDL at the entrance of the
distribution system exceed the MRDL, or when the water supplier does not
take the required samples in the distribution system, as specified in Section
611.383(c)(2)(A);
5) Violation of the turbidity MCL under Section 141.13(b), where the Agency
determines after consultation that a Tier 1 notice is required or where
consultation does not take place within 24 hours after the supplier learns of
the violation;
6) Violation of the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) or Interim
Enhanced Surface Water Treatment rule (IESWTR) treatment technique
requirement resulting from a single exceedance of the maximum allowable
turbidity limit (as identified in Appendix G), where the primacy agency
determines after consultation that a Tier 1 notice is required or where
consultation does not take place within 24 hours after the supplier learns of
the violation;
7) Occurrence of a waterborne disease outbreak, as defined in Section
611.101, or other waterborne emergency (such as a failure or significant
interruption in key water treatment processes, a natural disaster that disrupts
the water supply or distribution system, or a chemical spill or unexpected
loading of possible pathogens into the source water that significantly
increases the potential for drinking water contamination);
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8) Other violations or situations with significant potential to have serious
adverse effects on human health as a result of short-term exposure, as
determined by the Agency by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110.
b) When the Tier 1 public notice is to be provided. Additional steps required. A
PWS supplier must:
1) Provide a public notice as soon as practical but no later than 24 hours after
the supplier learns of the violation;
2) Initiate consultation with the Agency as soon as practical, but no later than
24 hours after the PWS supplier learns of the violation or situation, to
determine additional public notice requirements; and
3) Comply with any additional public notification requirements (including any
repeat notices or direction on the duration of the posted notices) that are
established as a result of the consultation with the Agency. Such
requirements may include the timing, form, manner, frequency, and content
of repeat notices (if any) and other actions designed to reach all persons
served.
c) The form and manner of the public notice. A PWS supllier must provide the notice
within 24 hours in a form and manner reasonably calculated to reach all persons
served. The form and manner used by the PWS supplier are to fit the specific
situation, but must be designed to reach residential, transient, and non-transient
users of the water system. In order to reach all persons served, a water supplier is
to use, at a minimum, one or more of the following forms of delivery:
1) Appropriate broadcast media (such as radio and television);
2) Posting of the notice in conspicuous locations throughout the area served by
the water supplier;
3) Hand delivery of the notice to persons served by the water supplier; or
4) Another delivery method approved in writing by the Agency by a SEP
issued pursuant to Section 611.110.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.202, as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 26036 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Added at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.903 Tier 2 Public Notice--Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice
a) Which violations or situations require a Tier 2 public notice. This subsection lists
the violation categories and other situations requiring a Tier 2 public notice.
Appendix G to this Part identifies the tier assignment for each specific violation or
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situation.
1) All violations of the MCL, MRDL, and treatment technique requirements,
except where a Tier 1 notice is required under Section 611.902(a) or
where the Agency determines by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110
that a Tier 1 notice is required;
2) Violations of the monitoring and testing procedure requirements, where the
Agency determines by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110 that a Tier
2 rather than a Tier 3 public notice is required, taking into account potential
health impacts and persistence of the violation; and
3) Failure to comply with the terms and conditions of any relief equivalent to a
SDWA Section 1415 variance or a SDWA Section 1416 exemption in
place.
b) When Tier 2 public notice is to be provided.
1) A PWS supplier must provide the public notice as soon as practical, but no
later than 30 days after the supplier learns of the violation. If the public
notice is posted, the notice must remain in place for as long as the violation
or situation persists, but in no case for less than seven days, even if the
violation or situation is resolved. The Agency may, in appropriate
circumstances, by a SEP issue pursuant to Section 611.110, allow
additional time for the initial notice of up to three months from the date the
supplier learns of the violation. It is not appropriate for the Agency to grant
an extension to the 30-day deadline for any unresolved violation or to allow
across-the-board extensions by rule or policy for other violations or
situations requiring a Tier 2 public notice. Extensions granted by the
Agency must be in writing.
2) The PWS supplier must repeat the notice every three months as long as the
violation or situation persists, unless the Agency determines that
appropriate circumstances warrant a different repeat notice frequency. In
no circumstance may the repeat notice be given less frequently than once
per year. It is not appropriate for the Agency to allow less frequent repeat
notice for an MCL violation under the Total Coliform Rule or a treatment
technique violation under the Surface Water Treatment Rule or Interim
Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule. It is also not appropriate for the
Agency to allow across-the-board reductions in the repeat notice frequency
for other ongoing violations requiring a Tier 2 repeat notice. An Agency
determination allowing repeat notices to be given less frequently than once
every three months must be in writing.
3) For the turbidity violations specified in this subsection (b)(3), a PWS
supplier must consult with the Agency as soon as practical but no later than
90
24 hours after the supplier learns of the violation, to determine whether a
Tier 1 public notice under Section 611.902(a) is required to protect public
health. When consultation does not take place within the 24-hour period,
the water system must distribute a Tier 1 notice of the violation within the
next 24 hours (i.e., no later than 48 hours after the supplier learns of the
violation), following the requirements under Section 611.902(b) and (c).
Consultation with the Agency is required for the following:
A) Violation of the turbidity MCL under Section 141.320(b); or
B) Violation of the SWTR or IESWTR treatment technique requirement
resulting from a single exceedance of the maximum allowable
turbidity limit.
c) The form and manner of Tier 2 public notice. A PWS supplier must provide the
initial public notice and any repeat notices in a form and manner that is reasonably
calculated to reach persons served in the required time period. The form and
manner of the public notice may vary based on the specific situation and type of
water system, but it must at a minimum meet the following requirements:
1) Unless directed otherwise by the Agency in writing, by a SEP issued
pursuant to Section 611.110, a CWS supplier must provide notice by:
A) Mail or other direct delivery to each customer receiving a bill and
to other service connections to which water is delivered by the
PWS supplier; and
B) Any other method reasonably calculated to reach other persons
regularly served by the supplier, if they would not normally be
reached by the notice required in subsection (c)(1)(A) of this
Section. Such persons may include those who do not pay water
bills or do not have service connection addresses (e.g., house
renters, apartment dwellers, university students, nursing home
patients, prison inmates, etc.). Other methods may include:
Publication in a local newspaper; delivery of multiple copies for
distribution by customers that provide their drinking water to others
(e.g., apartment building owners or large private employers);
posting in public places served by the supplier or on the Internet; or
delivery to community organizations.
2) Unless directed otherwise by the Agency in writing, by a SEP issued
pursuant to Section 611.110, a non-CWS supplier must provide notice by
the following:
A) Posting the notice in conspicuous locations throughout the
distribution system frequented by persons served by the supplier, or
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by mail or direct delivery to each customer and service connection
(where known); and
B) Any other method reasonably calculated to reach other persons
served by the system if they would not normally be reached by the
notice required in subsection (c)(2)(A) of this Section. Such
persons may include those served who may not see a posted notice
because the posted notice is not in a location they routinely pass by.
Other methods may include the following: Publication in a local
newspaper or newsletter distributed to customers; use of E-mail to
notify employees or students; or, delivery of multiple copies in
central locations (e.g., community centers).
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.203, as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 26036 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Added at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.904 Tier 3 Public Notice--Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice
a) Which violations or situations require a Tier 3 public notice. This subsection (a)
lists the violation categories and other situations requiring a Tier 3 public notice.
Appendix G of this Part identifies the tier assignment for each specific violation or
situation.
1) Monitoring violations under this Part, except where a Tier 1 notice is
required under Section 611.902(a) or where the Agency determines by a
SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110 that a Tier 2 notice is required;
2) Failure to comply with a testing procedure established in this Part, except
where a Tier 1 notice is required under Section 611.902(a) or where the
Agency determines by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110 that a Tier
2 notice is required;
3) Operation under relief equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415 variance
granted under Section 611.111 or relief equivalent to a SDWA Section
1416 exemption granted under Section 611.112;
4) Availability of unregulated contaminant monitoring results, as required
under Section 611.907; and
5) Exceedance of the secondary standard for fluoride under Section 611.858,
as required under Section 611.908.
b) When the Tier 3 public notice is to be provided.
1) A PWS supplier must provide the public notice not later than one year after
the supplier learns of the violation or situation or begins operating under
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relief equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415 variance or Section 1416
exemption. Following the initial notice, the supplier must repeat the notice
annually for as long as the violation, relief equivalent to a SDWA Section
1415 variance or Section 1416 exemption, or other situation persists. If the
public notice is posted, the notice must remain in place for as long as the
violation, relief equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415 variance or Section
1416 exemption, or other situation persists, but in no case less than seven
days (even if the violation or situation is resolved).
2) Instead of individual Tier 3 public notices, a PWS supplier may use an
annual report detailing all violations and situations that occurred during the
previous twelve months, as long as the timing requirements of subsection
(b)(1) of this Section are met.
c) The form and manner of the Tier 3 public notice. A PWS supplier must provide the
initial notice and any repeat notices in a form and manner that is reasonably
calculated to reach persons served in the required time period. The form and
manner of the public notice may vary based on the specific situation and type of
water system, but it must at a minimum meet the following requirements:
1) Unless directed otherwise by the Agency by a SEP issued pursuant to
Section 611.110 in writing, a CWS supplier must provide notice by the
following:
A) Mail or other direct delivery to each customer receiving a bill and
to other service connections to which water is delivered by the
supplier; and
B) Any other method reasonably calculated to reach other persons
regularly served by the supplier, if they would not normally be
reached by the notice required in subsection (c)(1)(A) of this
Section. Such persons may include those who do not pay water
bills or do not have service connection addresses (e.g., house
renters, apartment dwellers, university students, nursing home
patients, prison inmates, etc.). Other methods may include the
follwoing: publication in a local newspaper; delivery of multiple
copies for distribution by customers that provide their drinking
water to others (e.g., apartment building owners or large private
employers); posting in public places or on the Internet; or delivery
to community organizations.
2) Unless directed otherwise by the Agency by a SEP issued pursuant to
Section 611.110 in writing, a non-CWS supplier must provide notice by the
following:
A) Posting the notice in conspicuous locations throughout the
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distribution system frequented by persons served by the supplier, or
by mail or direct delivery to each customer and service connection
(where known); and
B) Any other method reasonably calculated to reach other persons
served by the supplier, if they would not normally be reached by the
notice required in subsection (c)(2)(A) of this Section. Such
persons may include those who may not see a posted notice because
the notice is not in a location they routinely pass by. Other methods
may include the following: publication in a local newspaper or
newsletter distributed to customers; use of E-mail to notify
employees or students; or, delivery of multiple copies in central
locations (e.g., community centers).
d) When the Consumer Confidence Report may be used to meet the Tier 3 public
notice requirements. For a CWS supplier, the Consumer Confidence Report (CCR)
required under Subpart U of this Part may be used as a vehicle for the initial Tier 3
public notice and all required repeat notices, as long as the following is true:
1) The CCR is provided to persons served no later than 12 months after the
supplier learns of the violation or situation as required under Section
611.904(b);
2) The Tier 3 notice contained in the CCR follows the content requirements
under Section 611.905; and
3) The CCR is distributed following the delivery requirements under Section
611.904(c).
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.204, as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 26037 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Added at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.905 Content of the Public Notice
a) Elements included in public notice for violation of an NPDWR or other situations.
When a PWS supplier violates a NPDWR or has a situation requiring public
notification, each public notice must include the following elements:
1) A description of the violation or situation, including the contaminants of
concern, and (as applicable) the contaminant levels;
2) When the violation or situation occurred;
3) Any potential adverse health effects from the violation or situation,
including the standard language under subsection (d)(1) or (d)(2) of this
Section, whichever is applicable;
94
4) The population at risk, including subpopulations particularly vulnerable if
exposed to the contaminant in their drinking water;
5) Whether alternative water supplies should be used;
6) What actions consumers should take, including when they should seek
medical help, if known;
7) What the supplier is doing to correct the violation or situation;
8) When the water supplier expects to return to compliance or resolve the
situation;
9) The name, business address, and phone number of the water system owner,
operator, or designee of the public water system as a source of additional
information concerning the notice; and
10) A statement to encourage the notice recipient to distribute the public notice
to other persons served, using the standard language under subsection (d)(3)
of this Section, where applicable.
b) The elements that must be included in the public notice for public water systems
operating under relief equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415 variance or a Section
1416 exemption.
1) If a PWS supplier has been granted a relief equivalent to a SDWA Section
1415 variance, under Section 611.111, or a Section 1416 exemption, under
Section 611.112, the public notice must contain the following:
A) An explanation of the reasons for the relief equivalent to a SDWA
Section 1415 variance or a Section 1416 exemption;
B) The date on which the relief equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415
variance or a Section 1416 exemption was issued;
C) A brief status report on the steps that the supplier is taking to install
treatment, find alternative sources of water, or otherwise comply
with the terms and schedules of the relief equivalent to a SDWA
Section 1415 variance or a Section 1416 exemption; and
D) A notice of any opportunity for public input in the review of the
relief equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415 variance or a Section
1416 exemption.
2) If a PWS supplier violates the conditions of relief equivalent to a SDWA
95
Section 1415 variance or a Section 1416 exemption, the public notice must
contain the ten elements listed in subsection (a) of this Section.
c) How the public notice is to be presented.
1) Each public notice required by this Section must comply with the following:
A) It must be displayed in a conspicuous way when printed or posted;
B) It must not contain overly technical language or very small print;
C) It must not be formatted in a way that defeats the purpose of the
notice;
D) It must not contain language which nullifies the purpose of the
notice.
2) Each public notice required by this Section must comply with multilingual
requirements, as follows:
A) For PWS supplier serving a large proportion of non-English
speaking consumers, as determined by the Agency by a SEP issued
pursuant to Section 611.110, the public notice must contain
information in the appropriate languages regarding the importance of
the notice or contain a telephone number or address where persons
served may contact the water supplier to obtain a translated copy of
the notice or to request assistance in the appropriate language.
B) In cases where the Agency has not determined what constitutes a
large proportion of non-English speaking consumers, the PWS
supplier must include in the public notice the same information as in
subsection (c)(2)(A) of this Section, where appropriate to reach a
large proportion of non-English speaking persons served by the
water supplier.
d) Standard language that a PWS supplier must include in its public notice. A PWS
supplier is required to include the following standard language in its public notice:
1) Standard health effects language for MCL or MRDL violations, treatment
technique violations, and violations of the condition of relief equivalent to a
SDWA Section 1415 variance or a Section 1416 exemption. A PWS
supplier must include in each public notice the health effects language
specified in Appendix H to this Part corresponding to each MCL, MRDL,
and treatment technique violation listed in Appendix G to this Part, and for
each violation of a condition of relief equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415
variance or a Section 1416 exemption.
96
2) Standard language for monitoring and testing procedure violations. A PWS
supplier must include the following language in its notice, including the
language necessary to fill in the blanks, for all monitoring and testing
procedure violations listed in Appendix G of this Part:
We are required to monitor your drinking water for specific
contaminants on a regular basis. Results of regular monitoring are
an indicator of whether or not your drinking water meets health
standards. During [compliance period], we “did not monitor or
test” or “did not complete all monitoring or testing” for
[contaminants], and therefore cannot be sure of the quality of your
drinking water during that time.
3) Standard language to encourage the distribution of the public notice to all
persons served. A PWS supplier must include the following language in its
notice (where applicable):
Please share this information with all the other people who drink
this water, especially those who may not have received this notice
directly (for example, people in apartments, nursing homes, schools,
and businesses). You can do this by posting this notice in a public
place or distributing copies by hand or mail.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.205, as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 26038 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Added at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.906 Notice to New Billing Units or New Customers
a) The requirement for a CWS. A CWS supplier must give a copy of the most recent
public notice for any continuing violation, the existence of relief equivalent to a
SDWA Section 1415 variance or a Section 1416 exemption, or other ongoing
situations requiring a public notice to all new billing units or new customers prior
to or at the time service begins.
b) The requirement for non-CWS. A non-CWS supplier must continuously post the
public notice in conspicuous locations in order to inform new consumers of any
continuing violation, relief equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415 variance or a
Section 1416 exemption, or other situation requiring a public notice for as long as
the relief equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415 variance or a Section 1416
exemption, or other situation persists.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.206, as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 26039 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Added at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
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Section 611.907 Special Notice of the Availability of Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring
Results
a) When to give special notice. The owner or operator of a CWS supplier or a
NTNCWS supplier required to monitor for unregulated contaminants under Section
611.510 must notify persons served by the supplier of the availability of the results
of such sampling no later than 12 months after the monitoring results are known.
b) The form and manner of a special notice. The form and manner of the public notice
must follow the requirements for a Tier 3 public notice prescribed in Secs.
611.904(c), (d)(1), and (d)(3). The notice must also identify a person and provide
the telephone number to contact for information on the monitoring results.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.207, as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 26039 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Added at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.908 Special Notice for Exceedance of the Fluoride Secondary Standard
a) When to give special notice. A CWS supplier that exceeds the fluoride secondary
standard of 2 mg/l, as specified in Section 611.858 (determined by the last single
sample taken in accordance with Section 611.603), but do not exceed the maximum
contaminant level (MCL) of 4 mg/l for fluoride (as specified in Section 611.301),
must provide the public notice in subsection (c) of this Section to persons served.
Public notice must be provided as soon as practical but no later than 12 months
from the day the supplier learns of the exceedance. A copy of the notice must also
be sent to all new billing units and new customers at the time service begins and to
the Department of Pubic Health. The PWS supplier must repeat the notice at least
annually for as long as the SMCL is exceeded. If the public notice is posted, the
notice must remain in place for as long as the fluoride secondary standard is
exceeded, but in no case less than seven days (even if the exceedance is
eliminated). On a case-by-case basis, the Agency may require an initial notice
sooner than 12 months and repeat notices more frequently than annually.
b) The form and manner of a special notice. The form and manner of the public notice
(including repeat notices) must follow the requirements for a Tier 3 public notice in
Section 611.904(c), (d)(1), and (d)(3).
c) Mandatory language in a special notice. The notice must contain the following
language, including the language necessary to fill in the blanks:
This is an alert about your drinking water and a cosmetic dental problem
that might affect children under nine years of age. At low levels, fluoride
can help prevent cavities, but children drinking water containing more than
2 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of fluoride may develop cosmetic
discoloration of their permanent teeth (dental fluorosis). The drinking
water provided by your community water system [name] has a fluoride
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concentration of [insert value] mg/L. Dental fluorosis, in its moderate or
severe forms, may result in a brown staining and/or pitting of the permanent
teeth. This problem occurs only in developing teeth, before they erupt from
the gums. Children under nine should be provided with alternative sources
of drinking water or water that has been treated to remove the fluoride to
avoid the possibility of staining and pitting of their permanent teeth. You
may also want to contact your dentist about proper use by young children of
fluoride-containing products. Older children and adults may safely drink
the water.
Drinking water containing more than 4 mg/L of fluoride (the USEPA’s
drinking water standard) can increase your risk of developing bone disease.
Your drinking water does not contain more than 4 mg/l of fluoride, but
we’re required to notify you when we discover that the fluoride levels in
your drinking water exceed 2 mg/l because of this cosmetic dental problem.
For more information, please call [name of water system contact] of [name
of community water system] at [phone number]. Some home water treatment
units are also available to remove fluoride from drinking water. To learn
more about available home water treatment units, you may call NSF
International at 1-877-8-NSF-HELP.”
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.208, as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 26039 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Added at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.909 Special Notice for Nitrate Exceedances above the MCL by a Non-
Community Water System
a) When the special notice is to be given. The owner or operator of a non-CWS
supplier granted permission by the Agency under Section 611.300(d) to exceed the
nitrate MCL must provide notice to persons served according to the requirements
for a Tier 1 notice under Section 611.902(a) and (b).
b) The form and manner of the special notice. A non-CWS supplier granted
permission by the Agency to exceed the nitrate MCL under Section 611.300(d) must
provide continuous posting of the fact that nitrate levels exceed 10 mg/l and the
potential health effects of exposure, according to the requirements for Tier 1 notice
delivery under Section 611.902(c) and the content requirements under Section
611.905.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.209, as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 26039 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Added at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.910 Notice by the Agency on Behalf of a PWS
a) The Agency may issue the notice required by this subpart on behalf of the owner
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and operator of the PWS supplier if the Agency complies with the requirements of
this Subpart V.
b) The responsibility of the PWS supplier when notice is given by the Agency. The
owner or operator of the PWS supplier remains responsible for ensuring that the
requirements of this Subpart V are met.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.210, as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 26039 (May 4, 2000).
(Source: Added at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.Appendix A
Mandatory Health Effects InformationRegulated Contaminants
Microbiological contaminants:
Contaminant (units): Total Coliform Bacteria
Traditional MCL in mg/L: MCL: (systems that collect
≥
40 samples/month) 5% of monthly
samples are positive; (systems that collect 40 samples/month) 1 positive monthly
sample.
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: MCL: (systems that collect
≥
40 samples/month) 5% of monthly
samples are positive; (systems that collect 40 samples/month) 1 positive monthly
sample.
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Naturally present in the environment.
Health effects language: Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the
environment and are used as an indicator that other, potentially-harmful, bacteria
may be present. Coliforms were found in more samples than allowed and this was
a warning of potential problems.
Contaminant (units): Fecal coliform and E. coli
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 0
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Human and animal fecal waste.
Health effects language: Fecal coliforms and E. coli are bacteria whose presence
indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes.
Microbes in these wastes can cause short-term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps,
nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a special health risk for
infants, young children, some of the elderly, and people with severely-
compromised immune systems.
Contaminant (units): Total organic carbon (ppm)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: TT
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
100
MCL in CCR units: TT
MCLG: N/A
Major sources in drinking water: Naturally present in the environment.
Health effects language: Total organic carbon (TOC) has no health effects. However, total
organic carbon provides a medium for the formation of disinfection by products.
These byproducts include trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs).
Drinking water containing these byproducts in excess of the MCL may lead to
adverse health effects, liver or kidney problems, or nervous system effects, and
may lead to an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Turbidity (NTU)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: TT
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: TT
MCLG: N/A
Major sources in drinking water: Soil runoff.
Health effects language: Turbidity has no health effects. However, turbidity can interfere
with disinfection and provide a medium for microbial growth. Turbidity may
indicate the presence of disease-causing organisms. These organisms include
bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps,
diarrhea, and associated headaches.
Radioactive contaminants:
Contaminant (units): Beta/photon emitters (mrem/yr)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 4 mrem/yr
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 4
MCLG: N/A
Major sources in drinking water: Decay of natural and man-made deposits.
Health effects language: Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit forms of radiation
known as photons and beta radiation. Some people who drink water containing
beta and photon emitters in excess of the MCL over many years may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Alpha emitters (pCi/l).
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 15 pCi/l
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 15
MCLG: N/A
Major sources in drinking water: Erosion of natural deposits.
Health effects language: Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit a form of radiation
known as alpha radiation. Some people who drink water containing alpha emitters
in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Combined radium (pCi/l)
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Traditional MCL in mg/L: 5 pCi/l
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 5
MCLG: N/A
Major sources in drinking water: Erosion of natural deposits.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing radium 226 or 228 in
excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Inorganic contaminants:
Contaminant (units): Antimony (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.006
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 6
MCLG: 6
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from petroleum refineries; fire retardants;
ceramics; electronics; solder.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing antimony well in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience increases in blood cholesterol and
decreases in blood sugar.
Contaminant (units): Arsenic (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.05
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 50
MCLG: N/A
Major sources in drinking water: Erosion of natural deposits; runoff from orchards; runoff
from glass and electronics production wastes.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing arsenic in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience skin damage or problems with their
circulatory system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Asbestos (MFL)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 7 MFL
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 7
MCLG: 7
Major sources in drinking water: Decay of asbestos cement water mains; erosion of
natural deposits.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing asbestos in excess of
the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of developing benign
intestinal polyps.
Contaminant (units): Barium (ppm)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 2
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
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MCL in CCR units: 2
MCLG: 2
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge of drilling wastes; discharge from metal
refineries; erosion of natural deposits.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing barium in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience an increase in their blood pressure.
Contaminant (units): Beryllium (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.004
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 4
MCLG: 4
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from metal refineries and coal-burning
factories; discharge from electrical, aerospace, and defense industries.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing beryllium well in
excess of the MCL over many years could develop intestinal lesions.
Contaminant (units): Cadmium (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.005
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 5
MCLG: 5
Major sources in drinking water: Corrosion of galvanized pipes; erosion of natural
deposits; discharge from metal refineries; runoff from waste batteries and paints.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing cadmium in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage.
Contaminant (units): Chromium (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.1
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 100
MCLG: 100
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from steel and pulp mills; erosion of natural
deposits.
Health effects language: Some people who use water containing chromium well in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience allergic dermatitis.
Contaminant (units): Copper (ppm)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: AL=1.3
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: AL=1.3
MCLG: 1.3
Major sources in drinking water: Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of
natural deposits; leaching from wood preservatives.
Health effects language: Copper is an essential nutrient, but some people who drink water
containing copper in excess of the action level over a relatively short amount of
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time could experience gastrointestinal distress. Some people who drink water
containing copper in excess of the action level over many years could suffer liver
or kidney damage. People with Wilson’s Disease should consult their personal
doctor.
Contaminant (units): Cyanide (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.2
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 200
MCLG: 200
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from steel/metal factories; discharge from
plastic and fertilizer factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing cyanide well in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience nerve damage or problems with their
thyroid.
Contaminant (units): Fluoride (ppm)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 4
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 4
MCLG: 4
Major sources in drinking water: Erosion of natural deposits; water additive which
promotes strong teeth; discharge from fertilizer and aluminum factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing fluoride in excess of the
MCL over many years could get bone disease, including pain and tenderness of the
bones. Fluoride in drinking water at half the MCL or more may cause mottling of
children’s teeth, usually in children less than nine years old. Mottling, also known
as dental fluorosis, may include brown staining and/or pitting of the teeth, and
occurs only in developing teeth before they erupt from the gums.
Contaminant (units): Lead (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: AL=0.015
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: AL=15
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of
natural deposits.
Health effects language: Infants and children who drink water containing lead in excess of
the action level could experience delays in their physical or mental development.
Children could show slight deficits in attention span and learning abilities. Adults
who drink this water over many years could develop kidney problems or high
blood pressure.
Contaminant (units): Mercury [inorganic] (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.002
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
104
MCL in CCR units: 2
MCLG: 2
Major sources in drinking water: Erosion of natural deposits; discharge from refineries
and factories; runoff from landfills; runoff from cropland.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing inorganic mercury well
in excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage.
Contaminant (units): Nitrate (ppm)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 10
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 10
MCLG: 10
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks,
sew age; erosion of natural deposits.
Health effects language: Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing
nitrate in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die.
Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome.
Contaminant (units): Nitrite (ppm)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 1
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 1
MCLG: 1
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks,
sew age; erosion of natural deposits.
Health effects language: Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing
nitrite in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die.
Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome.
Contaminant (units): Selenium (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.05
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 50
MCLG: 50
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from petroleum and metal refineries; erosion
of natural deposits; discharge from mines.
Health effects language: Selenium is an essential nutrient. However, some people who
drink water containing selenium in excess of the MCL over many years could
experience hair or fingernail losses, numbness in fingers or toes, or problems with
their circulation.
Contaminant (units): Thallium (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.002
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 2
MCLG: 0.5
105
Major sources in drinking water: Leaching from ore-processing sites; discharge from
electronics, glass, and drug factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing thallium in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience hair loss, changes in their blood, or
problems with their kidneys, intestines, or liver.
Synthetic organic contaminants including pesticides and herbicides:
Contaminant (units): 2,4-D (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.07
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 70
MCLG: 70
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide used on row crops.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing the weed killer 2,4-D
well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their
kidneys, liver, or adrenal glands.
Contaminant (units): 2,4,5-TP [Silvex](ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.05
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 50
MCLG: 50
Major sources in drinking water: Residue of banned herbicide.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing silvex in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience liver problems.
Contaminant (units): Acrylamide
Traditional MCL in mg/L: TT
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: TT
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Added to water during sewage/wastewater treatment.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing high levels of
acrylamide over a long period of time could have problems with their nervous
system or blood, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Alachlor (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.002
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 2
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide used on row crops.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing alachlor in excess of the
MCL over many years could have problems with their eyes, liver, kidneys, or
spleen, or experience anemia, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
106
Contaminant (units): Atrazine (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.003
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 3
MCLG: 3
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide used on row crops.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing atrazine well in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their cardiovascular
system or reproductive difficulties.
Contaminant (units): Benzo(a)pyrene [PAH] (nanograms/l)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.0002
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000
MCL in CCR units: 200
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Leaching from linings of water storage tanks and
distribution lines.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing benzo(a)pyrene in
excess of the MCL over many years may experience reproductive difficulties and
may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Carbofuran (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.04
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 40
MCLG: 40
Major sources in drinking water: Leaching of soil fumigant used on rice and alfalfa.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing carbofuran in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience problems with their blood, or nervous
or reproductive systems.
Contaminant (units): Chlordane (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.002
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 2
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Residue of banned termiticide.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing chlordane in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or nervous
system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Dalapon (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.2
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 200
107
MCLG: 200
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide used on rights of way.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing dalapon well in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience minor kidney changes.
Contaminant (units): Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.4
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 400
MCLG: 400
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience general toxic effects
or reproductive difficulties.
Contaminant (units): Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.006
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 6
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from rubber and chemical factories
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing di(2-
ethylhexyl)phthalate in excess of the MCL over many years may have problems
with their liver, or experience reproductive difficulties, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Dibromochloropropane (ppt)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.0002
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000
MCL in CCR units: 200
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff/leaching from soil fumigant used on soybeans,
cotton, pineapples, and orchards.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing DBCP in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience reproductive problems and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Dinoseb (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.007
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 7
MCLG: 7
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide used on soybeans and vegetables.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing dinoseb well in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties.
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Contaminant (units): Diquat (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.02
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 20
MCLG: 20
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide use.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing diquat in excess of the
MCL over many years could get cataracts.
Contaminant (units): Dioxin [2,3,7,8-TCDD] (ppq)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.00000003
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000,000
MCL in CCR units: 30
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Emissions from waste incineration and other
combustion; discharge from chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing dioxin in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Endothall (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.1
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 100
MCLG: 100
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide use.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing endothall in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience problems with their stomach or
intestines.
Contaminant (units): Endrin (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.002
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 2
MCLG: 2
Major sources in drinking water: Residue of banned insecticide.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing endrin in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience liver problems.
Contaminant (units): Epichlorohydrin.
Traditional MCL in mg/L: TT
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: TT
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories; an
impurity of some water treatment chemicals.
109
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing high levels of
epichlorohydrin over a long period of time could experience stomach problems,
and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Ethylene dibromide (ppt)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.00005
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000
MCL in CCR units: 50
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from petroleum refineries.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing ethylene dibromide in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver,
stomach, reproductive system, or kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
Contaminant (units): Glyphosate (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.7
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 700
MCLG: 700
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide use.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing glyphosate in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or
reproductive difficulties.
Contaminant (units): Heptachlor (ppt)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.0004
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000
MCL in CCR units: 400
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Residue of banned pesticide.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing heptachlor in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience liver damage and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Heptachlor epoxide (ppt)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.0002
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000
MCL in CCR units: 200
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Breakdown of heptachlor.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing heptachlor epoxide in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage, and may have
an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Hexachlorobenzene (ppb)
110
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.001
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 1
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from metal refineries and agricultural
chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing hexachlorobenzene in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or
kidneys, or adverse reproductive effects, and may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
Contaminant (units): Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.05
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 50
MCLG: 50
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing
hexachlorocyclopentadiene well in excess of the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their kidneys or stomach.
Contaminant (units): Lindane (ppt)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.0002
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000
MCL in CCR units: 200
MCLG: 200
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cattle, lumber,
gardens.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing lindane in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or liver.
Contaminant (units): Methoxychlor (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.04
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 40
MCLG: 40
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on fruits,
vegetables, alfalfa, livestock.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing methoxychlor in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties.
Contaminant (units): Oxamyl [Vydate] (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.2
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 200
MCLG: 200
111
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on apples,
potatoes and tomatoes.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing oxamyl in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience slight nervous system effects.
Contaminant (units): PCBs [Polychlorinated biphenyls] (ppt)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.0005
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000
MCL in CCR units: 500
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from landfills; Discharge of waste chemicals.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing PCBs in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience changes in their skin, problems with their
thymus gland, immune deficiencies, or reproductive or nervous system difficulties,
and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Pentachlorophenol (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.001
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 1
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from wood preserving factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing pentachlorophenol in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or
kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Picloram (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.5
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 500
MCLG: 500
Major sources in drinking water: Herbicide runoff.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing picloram in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.
Contaminant (units): Simazine (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.004
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 4
MCLG: 4
Major sources in drinking water: Herbicide runoff.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing simazine in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience problems with their blood.
Contaminant (units): Toxaphene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.003
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To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 3
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cotton and
cattle.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing toxaphene in excess of
the MCL over many years could have problems with their kidneys, liver, or thyroid,
and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Volatile organic contaminants:
Contaminant (units): Benzene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.005
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 5
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from factories; Leaching from gas storage
tanks and landfills.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing benzene in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience anemia or a decrease in blood platelets,
and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Bromate (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.010
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 10
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: By-product of drinking water chlorination.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing bromate in excess of
the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Carbon tetrachloride (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.005
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 5
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from chemical plants and other industrial
activities.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing carbon tetrachloride in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver and
may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Chloramines (ppm)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: MRDL = 4
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: MRDL = 4
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MCLG: MRDLG = 4
Major sources in drinking water: Water additive used to control microbes.
Health effects language: Some people who use water containing chloramines well in
excess of the MRDL could experience irritating effects to their eyes and nose.
Some people who drink water containing chloramines well in excess of the MRDL
could experience stomach discomfort or anemia.
Contaminant (units): Chlorine (ppm)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: MRDL = 4
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: MRDL = 4
MCLG: MRDLG = 4
Major sources in drinking water: Water additive used to control microbes.
Health effects language: Some people who use water containing chlorine well in excess of
the MRDL could experience irritating effects to their eyes and nose. Some people
who drink water containing chlorine well in excess of the MRDL could experience
stomach discomfort.
Contaminant (units): Chlorite (ppm)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 1
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 1
MCLG: 0.8
Major sources in drinking water: By-product of drinking water chlorination.
Health effects language: Some infants and young children who drink water containing
chlorite in excess of the MCL could experience nervous system effects. Similar
effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water containing chlorite
in excess of the MCL. Some people may experience anemia.
Contaminant (units): Chloride dioxide (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: MRDL = 0.8
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: MRDL = 800
MCLG: MRDLG = 800
Major sources in drinking water: Water additive used to control microbes.
Health effects language: Some infants and young children who drink water containing
chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL could experience nervous system effects.
Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water containing
chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL. Some people may experience anemia.
Contaminant (units): Chlorobenzene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.1
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 100
MCLG: 100
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from chemical and agricultural chemical
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factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing chlorobenzene in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys.
Contaminant (units): o-Dichlorobenzene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.6
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 600
MCLG: 600
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing o-dichlorobenzene well
in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver,
kidneys, or circulatory systems.
Contaminant (units): p-Dichlorobenzene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.075
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 75
MCLG: 75
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing p-dichlorobenzene in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia, damage to their
liver, kidneys, or spleen, or changes in their blood.
Contaminant (units): 1,2-Dichloroethane (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.005
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 5
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloroethane in
excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): 1,1-Dichloroethylene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.007
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 7
MCLG: 7
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing 1,1-dichloroethylene in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.
Contaminant (units): cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.07
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 70
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MCLG: 70
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing cis-1,2-
dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems
with their liver.
Contaminant (units): trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.1
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 100
MCLG: 100
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing trans-1,2-
dichloroethylene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
problems with their liver.
Contaminant (units): Dichloromethane (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.005
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 5
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from pharmaceutical and chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing dichloromethane in
excess of the MCL over many years could have liver problems and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): 1,2-Dichloropropane (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.005
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 5
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloropropane in
excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Ethylbenzene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.7
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 700
MCLG: 700
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from petroleum refineries.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing ethylbenzene well in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or
kidneys.
Contaminant (units): Haloacetic Acids (HAA) (ppb)
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Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.060
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 60
MCLG: N/A
Major sources in drinking water: By-product of drinking water disinfection.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing haloacetic acids in
excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Styrene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.1
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 100
MCLG: 100
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from rubber and plastic factories; leaching
from landfills.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing styrene well in excess
of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or
circulatory system.
Contaminant (units): Tetrachloroethylene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.005
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 5
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from factories and dry cleaners.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing tetrachloroethylene in
excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, and may
have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.07
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 70
MCLG: 70
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from textile-finishing factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience changes in their
adrenal glands.
Contaminant (units): 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.2
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 200
MCLG: 200
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other
factories.
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Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing 1,1,1-trichloroethane in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver,
nervous system, or circulatory system.
Contaminant (units): 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.005
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 5
MCLG: 3
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing 1,1,2-trichloroethane
well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver,
kidneys, or immune systems.
Contaminant (units): Trichloroethylene (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.005
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 5
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other
factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing trichloroethylene in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver and
may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): TTHMs [Total trihalomethanes] (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.10/0.080
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 100/80
MCLG: N/A
Major sources in drinking water: By-product of drinking water chlorination.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing trihalomethanes in
excess of the MCL over many years may experience problems with their liver,
kidneys, or central nervous systems, and may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
Contaminant (units): Toluene (ppm)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 1
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 1
MCLG: 1
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from petroleum factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing toluene well in excess
of the MCL over many years could have problems with their nervous system,
kidneys, or liver.
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Contaminant (units): Vinyl Chloride (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 0.002
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 2
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Leaching from PVC piping; discharge from plastics
factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing vinyl chloride in excess
of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Xylenes (ppm)
Traditional MCL in mg/L: 10
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 10
MCLG: 10
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from petroleum factories; discharge from
chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing xylenes in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience damage to their nervous system.
Key:
Abbreviation
Meaning
AL
Action Level
MCL
Maximum Contaminant Level
MCLG
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
MFL
million fibers per liter
MRDL
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level
MRDLG
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal
mrem/year
millirems per year (a measure of radiation absorbed by the body)
N/A
Not Applicable
NTU
Nephelometric Turbidity Units (a measure of water clarity)
pCi/l
picocuries per liter (a measure of radioactivity)
ppm
parts per million, or milligrams per liter (mg/l)
ppb
parts per billion, or micrograms per liter (g/l)
ppt
parts per trillion, or nanograms per liter
ppq
parts per quadrillion, or picograms per liter
TT
Treatment Technique
1) Trichloroethylene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that trichloroethylene is a health concern at certain levels of
exposure. This chemical is a common metal cleaning and dry cleaning fluid. It generally gets into
drinking water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in
humans who are exposed at lower levels over long periods of time. USEPA has set forth the
enforceable drinking water standard for trichloroethylene at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to
reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory
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animals. Drinking water which meets this standard is associated with little to none of this risk and
should be considered safe.
2) Carbon tetrachloride. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that carbon tetrachloride is a health concern at certain levels
of exposure. This chemical was once a popular household cleaning fluid. It generally gets into
drinking water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in
humans who are exposed at lower levels over long periods of time. USEPA has set the enforceable
drinking water standard for carbon tetrachloride at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the
risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals.
Drinking water which meets this standard is associated with little to none of this risk and should
be considered safe.
3) 1,2-Dichloroethane. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that 1,2-dichloroethane is a health concern at certain levels of
exposure. This chemical is used as a cleaning fluid for fats, oils, waxes, and resins. It generally
gets into drinking water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause
cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels
over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk
of cancer in humans who are exposed at lower levels over long periods of time. USEPA has set the
enforceable drinking water standard for 1,2-dichloroethane at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to
reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory
animals. Drinking water which meets this standard is associated with little to none of this risk and
should be considered safe.
4) Vinyl chloride. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that vinyl chloride is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This chemical is used in industry and is found in drinking water as a result of the breakdown of
related solvents. The solvents are used as cleaners and degreasers of metals and generally get into
drinking water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been associated with significantly
increased risks of cancer among certain industrial workers who were exposed to relatively large
amounts of this chemical during their working careers. This chemical has also been shown to
cause cancer in laboratory animals when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.
Chemicals that cause increased risk of cancer among exposed industrial workers and in laboratory
animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed at lower levels over long
periods of time. USEPA has set the enforceable drinking water standard for vinyl chloride at 0.002
parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have been
observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets this standard is associated with little
to none of this risk and should be considered safe.
5) Benzene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that benzene is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
chemical is used as a solvent and degreaser of metals. It is also a major component of gasoline.
Drinking water contamination generally results from leaking underground gasoline and petroleum
tanks or improper waste disposal. This chemical has been associated with significantly increased
risks of leukemia among certain industrial workers who were exposed to relatively large amounts
of this chemical during their working careers. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
laboratory animals when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals
that cause increased risk of cancer among exposed industrial workers and in laboratory animals
also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed at lower levels over long periods
of time. USEPA has set the enforceable drinking water standard for benzene at 0.005 parts per
million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have been observed
120
in humans and laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets this standard is associated with
little to none of this risk and should be considered safe.
6) 1,1-Dichloroethylene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that 1,1-dichloroethylene is a health concern at certain levels
of exposure. This chemical is used in industry and is found in drinking water as a result of the
breakdown of related solvents. The solvents are used as cleaners and degreasers of metals and
generally get into drinking water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to
cause liver and kidney damage in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are
exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause adverse effects in laboratory
animals also may cause adverse health effects in humans who are exposed at lower levels over long
periods of time. USEPA has set the enforceable drinking water standard for 1,1-dichloroethylene
at 0.007 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of these adverse health effects which have been
observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets this standard is associated with little
to none of this risk and should be considered safe.
7) Para-dichlorobenzene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that para-dichlorobenzene is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure. This chemical is a component of deodorizers, moth balls, and pesticides. It
generally gets into drinking water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to
cause liver and kidney damage in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are
exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals which cause adverse effects in laboratory
animals also may cause adverse health effects in humans who are exposed at lower levels over long
periods of time. USEPA has set the enforceable drinking water standard for para-dichlorobenzene
at 0.075 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of these adverse health effects which have been
observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets this standard is associated with little
to none of this risk and should be considered safe.
8) 1,1,1-Trichloroethane. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that 1,1,1-trichloroethane is a health concern at certain levels
of exposure. This chemical is used as a cleaner and degreaser of metals. It generally gets into
drinking water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver,
nervous system, and circulatory system of laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Some industrial workers who were exposed
to relatively large amounts of this chemical during their working careers also suffered damage to
the liver, nervous system, and circulatory system. Chemicals which cause adverse effects among
exposed industrial workers and in laboratory animals also may cause adverse health effects in
humans who are exposed at lower levels over long periods of time. USEPA has set the enforceable
drinking water standard for 1,1,1-trichloroethane at 0.2 parts per million (ppm) to protect against
the risk of these adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking
water which meets this standard is associated with little to none of this risk and should be
considered safe.
9) Fluoride. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requires that we send you this notice on the
level of fluoride in your drinking water. The drinking water in your community has a fluoride
concentration of [concentration to be provided by supplier] milligrams per liter (mg/L).
Federal regulations require that fluoride, which occurs naturally in your water supply, not exceed
a concentration of 4.0 mg/L in drinking water. This is an enforceable standard called a Maximum
Contaminant Level (MCL), and it has been established to protect the public health. Exposure to
drinking water levels above 4.0 mg/L for many years may result in some cases of crippling skeletal
fluorosis, which is a serious bone disorder.
Federal law also requires that we notify you when monitoring indicates that the fluoride in your
121
drinking water exceeds 2.0 mg/L. This is intended to alert families about dental problems that
might affect children under nine years of age. The fluoride concentration of your water exceeds
this federal guideline.
Fluoride in children’s drinking water at levels of approximately 1 mg/L reduces the number of
dental cavities. However, some children exposed to levels of fluoride greater than about 2.0 mg/L
may develop dental fluorosis. Dental fluorosis, in its moderate and severe forms, is a brown
staining or pitting of the permanent teeth.
Because dental fluorosis occurs only when developing teeth (before they erupt from the gums) are
exposed to elevated fluoride levels, households without children are not expected to be affected by
this level of fluoride. Families with children under the age of nine are encouraged to seek other
sources of drinking water for their children to avoid the possibility of staining and pitting.
Your water supplier can lower the concentration of fluoride in your water so that you will still
receive the benefits of cavity prevention while the possibility of stained and pitted teeth is
minimized. Removal of fluoride may increase your water costs. Treatment systems are also
commercially available for home use. Information on such systems is available at the address given
below. Low fluoride bottled drinking water that would meet all standards is also commercially
available.
For further information, contact [name of contact person to be provided by supplier] at your water
system.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(e)(9) and 143.5 (1998).
10) Microbiological contaminants (for use when there is a violation of the treatment technique
requirements for filtration and disinfection in Subpart B or Subpart R of this Part). The United
States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that the presence of microbiological contaminants are a health concern at certain levels
of exposure. If water is inadequately treated, microbiological contaminants in that water may
cause disease. Disease symptoms may include diarrhea, cramps, nausea, and possibly jaundice,
and any associated headaches and fatigue. These symptoms, however, are not just associated with
disease-causing organisms in drinking water, but also may be caused by a number of factors other
than your drinking water. USEPA has set enforceable requirements for treating drinking water to
reduce the risk of these adverse health effects. Treatment such as filtering and disinfecting the
water removes or destroys microbiological contaminants. Drinking water which is treated to meet
USEPA requirements is associated with little to none of this risk and should be considered safe.
11) Total coliforms. (To be used when there is a violation of Section 611.325(a) and not a violation of
Section 611.325(b)). The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that the presence of total coliforms is a possible health
concern. Total coliforms are common in the environment and are generally not harmful
themselves. The presence of these bacteria in drinking water, however, generally is a result of a
problem with water treatment or the pipes which distribute the water and indicates that the water
may be contaminated with organisms that can cause disease. Disease symptoms may include
diarrhea, cramps, nausea, and possibly jaundice, and any associated headaches and fatigue. These
symptoms, however, are not just associated with disease-causing organisms in drinking water, but
also may be caused by a number of factors other than your drinking water. USEPA has set an
enforceable drinking water standard for total coliforms to reduce the risk of these adverse health
effects. Under this standard, no more than 5.0 percent of the samples collected during a month
can contain these bacteria, except that systems collecting fewer than 40 samples/month that have
one total coliform-positive sample per month are not violating the standard. Drinking water
which meets this standard is usually not associated with a health risk from disease-causing
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bacteria and should be considered safe.
12) Fecal Coliforms/E. coli. (To be used when there is a violation of Section 611.325(b) or both Section
611.325(a) and (b).) The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that the presence of fecal coliforms or E. coli is a serious
health concern. Fecal coliforms and E. coli are generally not harmful themselves, but their
presence in drinking water is serious because they usually are associated with sewage or animal
wastes. The presence of these bacteria in drinking water is generally a result of a problem with
water treatment or the pipes which distribute the water and indicates that the water may be
contaminated with organisms that can cause disease. Disease symptoms may include diarrhea,
cramps, nausea, and possibly jaundice, and associated headaches and fatigue. These symptoms,
however, are not just associated with disease-causing organisms in drinking water, but also may be
caused by a number of factors other than your drinking water. USEPA has set an enforceable
drinking water standard for fecal coliforms and E. coli to reduce the risk of these adverse health
effects. Under this standard all drinking water samples must be free of these bacteria. Drinking
water which meets this standard is associated with little or none of this risk and should be
considered safe. State and local health authorities recommend that consumers take the following
precautions: [To be inserted by the public water system, according to instruction from State or
local authorities].
13) Lead. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards
and has determined that lead is a health concern at certain exposure levels. Materials that contain
lead have frequently been used in the construction of water supply distribution systems, and
plumbing systems in private homes and other buildings. The most commonly found materials
include service lines, pipes, brass and bronze fixtures, and solders and fluxes. Lead in these
materials can contaminate drinking water as a result of the corrosion that takes place when water
comes into contact with those materials. Lead can cause a variety of adverse health effects in
humans. At relatively low levels of exposure, these effects may include interference with red blood
cell chemistry, delays in normal physical and mental development in babies and young children,
slight deficits in the attention span, hearing, and learning abilities of children, and slight increases
in the blood pressure of some adults. USEPA’s national primary drinking water regulation
requires all public water systems to optimize corrosion control to minimize lead contamination
resulting from the corrosion of plumbing materials. Public water systems serving 50,000 people or
fewer that have lead concentrations below 15 parts per billion (ppb) in more than 90% of tap
water samples (the USEPA “action level”) have optimized their corrosion control treatment. Any
water system that exceeds the action level must also monitor their source water to determine
whether treatment to remove lead in source water is needed. Any water system that continues to
exceed the action level after installation of corrosion control or source water treatment must
eventually replace all lead service lines contributing in excess of 15 ppb of lead to drinking water.
Any water system that exceeds the action level must also undertake a public education program to
inform consumers of ways they can reduce their exposure to potentially high levels of lead in
drinking water.
14) Copper. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that copper is a health concern at certain exposure levels. Copper,
a reddish-brown metal, is often used to plumb residential and commercial structures that are
connected to water distribution systems. Copper contaminating drinking water as a corrosion
byproduct occurs as the result of the corrosion of copper pipes that remain in contact with water
for a prolonged period of time. Copper is an essential nutrient, but at high doses it has been shown
to cause stomach and intestinal distress, liver and kidney damage, and anemia. Persons with
Wilson’s disease may be at a higher risk of health effects due to copper than the general public.
USEPA’s national primary drinking water regulation requires all public water systems to install
optimal corrosion control to minimize copper contamination resulting from the corrosion of
plumbing materials. Public water systems serving 50,000 people or fewer that have copper
123
concentrations below 1.3 parts per million (ppm) in more than 90% of tap water samples (the
USEPA “action level”) are not required to install or improve their treatment. Any water system
that exceeds the action level must also monitor their source water to determine whether treatment
to remove copper in source water is needed.
15) Asbestos. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that asbestos fibers greater than 10 micrometers in length are a
health concern at certain levels of exposure. Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral. Most
asbestos fibers in drinking water are less than 10 micrometers in length and occur in drinking
water from natural sources and from corroded asbestos-cement pipes in the distribution system.
The major uses of asbestos were in the production of cements, floor tiles, paper products, paint,
and caulking; in transportation-related applications; and in the production of textiles and plastics.
Asbestos was once a popular insulating and fire retardant material. Inhalation studies have
shown that various forms of asbestos have produced lung tumors in laboratory animals. The
available information on the risk of developing gastrointestinal tract cancer associated with the
ingestion of asbestos from drinking water is limited. Ingestion of intermediate-range chrysolite
asbestos fibers greater than 10 micrometers in length is associated with causing benign tumors in
male rats. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer
in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking water
standard for asbestos at 7 million long fibers per liter to reduce the potential risk of cancer or other
adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water which
meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and should be considered
safe with respect to asbestos.
16) Barium. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that barium is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
inorganic chemical occurs naturally in some aquifers that serve as sources of groundwater. It is
also used in oil and gas drilling muds, automotive paints, bricks, tiles, and jet fuels. It generally
gets into drinking water after dissolving from naturally occurring minerals in the ground. This
chemical may damage the heart and vascular system, and is associated with high blood pressure in
laboratory animals such as rats exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. In humans, USEPA
believes that effects from barium on blood pressure should not occur below 2 parts per million
(ppm) in drinking water. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for barium at 2 parts per
million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets
the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect
to barium.
17) Cadmium. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that cadmium is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
Food and the smoking of tobacco are common sources of general exposure. This inorganic metal is
a contaminant in the metals used to galvanize pipe. It generally gets into water by corrosion of
galvanized pipes or by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to damage the
kidney in animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes. Some industrial workers who were exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical
during working careers also suffered damage to the kidney. USEPA has set the drinking water
standard for cadmium at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse
health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of
this risk and is considered safe with respect to cadmium.
18) Chromium. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that chromium is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This inorganic metal occurs naturally in the ground and is often used in the electroplating of
metals. It generally gets into water from runoff from old mining operations and improper waste
disposal from plating operations. This chemical has been shown to damage the kidney, nervous
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system, and the circulatory system of laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals
are exposed at high levels. Some humans who were exposed to high levels of this chemical
suffered liver and kidney damage, dermatitis, and respiratory problems. USEPA has set the
drinking water standard for chromium at 0.1 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of
these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with
little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to chromium.
19) Mercury. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that mercury is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
inorganic metal is used in electrical equipment and some water pumps. It usually gets into water
as a result of improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to damage the kidney of
laboratory animals such as rats when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for mercury at 0.002 parts per million (ppm) to protect
against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to mercury.
20) Nitrate. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that nitrate poses an acute health concern at certain levels of
exposure. Nitrate is used in fertilizer and is found in sewage and wastes from human or farm
animals and generally gets into drinking water from those activities. Excessive levels of nitrate in
drinking water have caused serious illness and sometimes death in infants under six months of age.
The serious illness in infants is caused because nitrate is converted to nitrite in the body. Nitrite
interferes with the oxygen carrying capacity of the child’s blood. This is an acute disease in that
symptoms can develop rapidly in infants. In most cases, health deteriorates over a period of days.
Symptoms include shortness of breath and blueness of the skin. Clearly, expert medical advice
should be sought immediately if these symptoms occur. The purpose of this notice is to encourage
parents and other responsible parties to provide infants with an alternate source of drinking water.
Local and State health authorities are the best source for information concerning alternate sources
of drinking water for infants. USEPA has set the drinking water standard at 10 parts per million
(ppm) for nitrate to protect against the risk of these adverse effects. USEPA has also set a drinking
water standard for nitrite at 1 ppm. To allow for the fact that the toxicity of nitrate and nitrite are
additive, USEPA has also established a standard for the sum of nitrate and nitrite at 10 ppm.
Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to nitrate.
21) Nitrite. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that nitrite poses an acute health concern at certain levels of
exposure. This inorganic chemical is used in fertilizers and is found in sewage and wastes from
humans or farm animals and generally gets into drinking water as a result of those activities.
While excessive levels of nitrite in drinking water have not been observed, other sources of nitrite
have caused serious illness and sometimes death in infants under six months of age. The serious
illness in infants is caused because nitrite interferes with the oxygen carrying capacity of the child’s
blood. This is an acute disease in that symptoms can develop rapidly. However, in most cases,
health deteriorates over a period of days. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blueness of
the skin. Clearly, expert medical advice should be sought immediately if these symptoms occur.
The purpose of this notice is to encourage parents and other responsible parties to provide infants
with an alternate source of drinking water. Local and State health authorities are the best source
for information concerning alternate sources of drinking water for infants. USEPA has set the
drinking water standard at 1 part per million (ppm) for nitrite to protect against the risk of these
adverse effects. USEPA has also set a drinking water standard for nitrate (converted to nitrite in
humans) at 10 ppm and for the sum of nitrate and nitrite at 10 ppm. Drinking water that meets
the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect
to nitrite.
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22) Selenium. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that selenium is a health concern at certain high levels of exposure.
Selenium is also an essential nutrient at low levels of exposure. This inorganic chemical is found
naturally in food and soils and is used in electronics, photocopy operations, the manufacture of
glass, chemicals, drugs, and as a fungicide and a feed additive. In humans, exposure to high levels
of selenium over a long period of time has resulted in a number of adverse health effects, including
a loss of feeling and control in the arms and legs. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
selenium at 0.05 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to selenium.
23) Acrylamide. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that acrylamide is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
Polymers made from acrylamide are sometimes used to treat water supplies to remove particulate
contaminants. Acrylamide has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and
mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer
in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long
periods of time. Sufficiently large doses of acrylamide are known to cause neurological injury.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for acrylamide using a treatment technique to reduce
the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals.
This treatment technique limits the amount of acrylamide in the polymer and the amount of the
polymer which may be added to drinking water to remove particulates. Drinking water systems
which comply with this treatment technique have little to no risk and are considered safe with
respect to acrylamide.
24) Alachlor. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that alachlor is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is a widely used pesticide. When soil and climatic conditions are favorable,
alachlor may get into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into groundwater.
This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when
the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long
periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for alachlor at 0.002 parts per million
(ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have been observed in
laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets this standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to alachlor.
25) Aldicarb. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that aldicarb is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
Aldicarb is a widely used pesticide. Under certain soil and climatic conditions (e.g., sandy soil and
high rainfall), aldicarb may leach into groundwater after normal agricultural applications to crops
such as potatoes or peanuts or may enter drinking water supplies as a result of surface runoff.
This chemical has been shown to damage the nervous system in laboratory animals such as rats
and dogs exposed to high levels. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for aldicarb at 0.003
parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets this
standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to aldicarb.
26) Aldicarb sulfoxide. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that aldicarb sulfoxide is a health concern at certain levels of
exposure. Aldicarb is a widely used pesticide. Aldicarb sulfoxide in groundwater is primarily a
breakdown product of aldicarb. Under certain soil and climatic conditions (e.g., sandy soil and
high rainfall), aldicarb sulfoxide may leach into groundwater after normal agricultural
applications to crops such as potatoes or peanuts or may enter drinking water supplies as a result
of surface runoff. This chemical has been shown to damage the nervous system in laboratory
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animals such as rats and dogs exposed to high levels. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
for aldicarb sulfoxide at 0.004 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets this standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to aldicarb sulfoxide.
27) Aldicarb sulfone. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that aldicarb sulfone is a health concern at certain levels of
exposure. Aldicarb is a widely used pesticide. Aldicarb sulfone in groundwater is primarily a
breakdown product of aldicarb. Under certain soil and climatic conditions (e.g., sandy soil and
high rainfall), aldicarb sulfone may leach into groundwater after normal agricultural applications
to crops such as potatoes or peanuts or may enter drinking water supplies as a result of surface
runoff. This chemical has been shown to damage the nervous system in laboratory animals such as
rats and dogs exposed to high levels. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for aldicarb
sulfone at 0.002 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of adverse health effects. Drinking
water that meets this standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe
with respect to aldicarb sulfone.
28) Atrazine. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that atrazine is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is a herbicide. When soil and climatic conditions are favorable, atrazine may get
into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This chemical
has been shown to affect offspring of rats and the hearts of dogs. USEPA has set the drinking
water standard for atrazine at 0.003 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these
adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to
none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to atrazine.
29) Carbofuran. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that carbofuran is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This organic chemical is a pesticide. When soil and climatic conditions are favorable, carbofuran
may get into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This
chemical has been shown to damage the nervous and reproductive systems of laboratory animals
such as rats and mice exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Some humans who were exposed
to relatively large amounts of this chemical during their working careers also suffered damage to
the nervous system. Effects on the nervous system are generally rapidly reversible. USEPA has set
the drinking water standard for carbofuran at 0.04 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the
risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated
with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to carbofuran.
30) Chlordane. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that chlordane is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This organic chemical is a pesticide used to control termites. Chlordane is not very mobile in soils.
It usually gets into drinking water after application near water supply intakes or wells. This
chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory
animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of time.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for chlordane at 0.002 parts per million (ppm) to
reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory
animals. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to chlordane.
31) Dibromochloropropane (DBCP). The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
sets drinking water standards and has determined that DBCP is a health concern at certain levels
of exposure. This organic chemical was once a popular pesticide. When soil and climatic
conditions are favorable, DBCP may get into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by
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leaching into groundwater. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals
such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals
that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are
exposed over long periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for DBCP at 0.0002
parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have been
observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with
little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to DBCP.
32) o-Dichlorobenzene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that o-dichlorobenzene is a health concern at certain levels of
exposure. This organic chemical is used as a solvent in the production of pesticides and dyes. It
generally gets into water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to damage
the liver, kidney, and the blood cells of laboratory animals such as rats and mice exposed to high
levels during their lifetimes. Some industrial workers who were exposed to relatively large
amounts of this chemical during working careers also suffered damage to the liver, nervous system,
and circulatory system. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for o-dichlorobenzene at 0.6
parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water
that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe
with respect to o-dichlorobenzene.
33) cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) establishes
drinking water standards and has determined that cis-1,2-dichloroethylene is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used as a solvent and intermediate in chemical
production. It generally gets into water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been
shown to damage the liver, nervous system, and circulatory system of laboratory animals such as
rats and mice when exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Some humans who were exposed to
relatively large amounts of this chemical also suffered damage to the nervous system. USEPA has
set the drinking water standard for cis-1,2-dichloroethylene at 0.07 parts per million (ppm) to
protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
cis-1,2-dichloroethylene.
34) trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
establishes drinking water standards and has determined that trans-1,2-dichloroethylene is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used as a solvent and
intermediate in chemical production. It generally gets into water by improper waste disposal. This
chemical has been shown to damage the liver, nervous system, and the circulatory system of
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Some
humans who were exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical also suffered damage to the
nervous system. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for trans-1,2-dichloroethylene at 0.1
parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water
that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe
with respect to trans-1,2-dichloroethylene.
35) 1,2-Dichloropropane. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that 1,2-dichloropropane is a health concern at certain levels
of exposure. This organic chemical is used as a solvent and pesticide. When soil and climatic
conditions are favorable, 1,2-dichloropropane may get into drinking water by runoff into surface
water or by leaching into groundwater. It may also get into drinking water through improper
waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats
and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause
cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over
long periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for 1,2-dichloropropane at 0.005
parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have been
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observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with
little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to 1,2-dichloropropane.
36) 2,4-D. This contaminant is subject to an “additional State requirement”. The supplier shall give
the following notice if the level exceeds the Section 611.311 MCL. If the level exceeds the Section
611.310 MCL, but not that of Section 611.311, the supplier shall give a general notice under Section
611.854.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and
has determined that 2,4-D is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
is used as a herbicide and to control algae in reservoirs. When soil and climatic conditions are
favorable, 2,4-D may get into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into
groundwater. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver and kidney of laboratory animals
such as rats exposed at high levels during their lifetimes. Some humans who were exposed to
relatively large amounts of this chemical also suffered damage to the nervous system. USEPA has
set the drinking water standard for 2,4-D at 0.07 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk
of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with
little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to 2,4-D.
37) Epichlorohydrin. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that epichlorohydrin is a health concern at certain levels of
exposure. Polymers made from epichlorohydrin are sometimes used in the treatment of water
supplies as a flocculent to remove particulates. Epichlorohydrin generally gets into drinking water
by improper use of these polymers. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory
animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.
Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans
who are exposed over long periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
epichlorohydrin using a treatment technique to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health
effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. This treatment technique limits the
amount of epichlorohydrin in the polymer and the amount of the polymer which may be added to
drinking water as a flocculent to remove particulates. Drinking water systems which comply with
this treatment technique have little to no risk and are considered safe with respect to
epichlorohydrin.
38) Ethylbenzene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined ethylbenzene is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is a major component of gasoline. It generally gets into water by improper waste
disposal or leaking gasoline tanks. This chemical has been shown to damage the kidney, liver, and
nervous system of laboratory animals such as rats exposed to high levels during their lifetimes.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for ethylbenzene at 0.7 parts per million (ppm) to
protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
ethylbenzene.
39) Ethylene dibromide (EDB). The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that EDB is a health concern at certain levels of
exposure. This organic chemical was once a popular pesticide. When soil and climatic conditions
are favorable, EDB may get into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into
groundwater. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats
and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause
cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over
long periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for EDB at 0.00005 parts per
million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have been observed
in laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets this standard is associated with little to none of
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this risk and is considered safe with respect to EDB.
40) Heptachlor. This contaminant is subject to an “additional State requirement”. The supplier shall
give the following notice if the level exceeds the Section 611.311 MCL. If the level exceeds the
Section 611.310 MCL, but not that of Section 611.311, the supplier shall give a general notice under
Section 611.854.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and
has determined that heptachlor is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic
chemical was once a popular pesticide. When soil and climatic conditions are favorable,
heptachlor may get into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into
groundwater. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats
and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause
cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over
long periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standards for heptachlor at 0.0004 parts
per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have been
observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets this standard is associated with little to
none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to heptachlor.
41) Heptachlor epoxide. This contaminant is subject to an “additional State requirement”. The
supplier shall give the following notice if the level exceeds the Section 611.311 MCL. If the level
exceeds the Section 611.310 MCL, but not that of Section 611.311, the supplier shall give a general
notice under Section 611.854.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and
has determined that heptachlor epoxide is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical was once a popular pesticide. When soil and climatic conditions are favorable,
heptachlor epoxide may get into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into
groundwater. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats
and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause
cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over
long periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standards for heptachlor epoxide at
0.0002 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which
have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets this standard is associated
with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to heptachlor epoxide.
42) Lindane. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that lindane is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is used as a pesticide. When soil and climatic conditions are favorable, lindane
may get into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This
chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney, nervous system, and immune system of
laboratory animals such as rats, mice and dogs exposed at high levels during their lifetimes. Some
humans who were exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical also suffered damage to the
nervous system and circulatory system. USEPA has established the drinking water standard for
lindane at 0.0002 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to lindane.
43) Methoxychlor. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that methoxychlor is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This organic chemical is used as a pesticide. When soil and climatic conditions are favorable,
methoxychlor may get into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into
groundwater. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney, nervous system, and
reproductive system of laboratory animals such as rats exposed at high levels during their lifetimes.
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It has also been shown to produce growth retardation in rats. USEPA has set the drinking water
standard for methoxychlor at 0.04 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these
adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to
none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to methoxychlor.
44) Monochlorobenzene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that monochlorobenzene is a health concern at certain levels
of exposure. This organic chemical is used as a solvent. It generally gets into water by improper
waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney, and nervous system of
laboratory animals such as rats and mice exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. USEPA has
set the drinking water standard for monochlorobenzene at 0.1 parts per million (ppm) to protect
against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to monochlorobenzene.
45) Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
sets drinking water standards and has determined that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a
health concern at certain levels of exposure. These organic chemicals were once widely used in
electrical transformers and other industrial equipment. They generally get into drinking water by
improper waste disposal or leaking electrical industrial equipment. This chemical has been shown
to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high
levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the
risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking
water standard for PCBs at 0.0005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other
adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets
this standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
PCBs.
46) Pentachlorophenol. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that pentachlorophenol is a health concern at certain levels of
exposure. This organic chemical is widely used as a wood preservative, herbicide, disinfectant,
and defoliant. It generally gets into drinking water by runoff into surface water or leaching into
groundwater. This chemical has been shown to produce adverse reproductive effects and to
damage the liver and kidneys of laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are
exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Some humans who were exposed to relatively large
amounts of this chemical also suffered damage to the liver and kidneys. This chemical has been
shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed
at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may
increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. USEPA has set
the drinking water standard for pentachlorophenol at 0.001 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the
risk of adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets this standard is associated with little to
none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to pentachlorophenol.
47) Styrene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that styrene is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is commonly used to make plastics and is sometimes a component of resins used
for drinking water treatment. Styrene may get into drinking water from improper waste disposal.
This chemical has been shown to damage the liver and nervous system in laboratory animals when
exposed at high levels during their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
styrene at 0.1 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to styrene.
48) Tetrachloroethylene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that tetrachloroethylene is a health concern at certain levels
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of exposure. This organic chemical has been a popular solvent, particularly for dry cleaning. It
generally gets into drinking water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to
cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high
levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the
risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking
water standard for tetrachloroethylene at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer
or other adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water
that meets this standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to tetrachloroethylene.
49) Toluene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that toluene is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is used as a solvent and in the manufacture of gasoline for airplanes. It generally
gets into water by improper waste disposal or leaking underground storage tanks. This chemical
has been shown to damage the kidney, nervous system, and circulatory system of laboratory
animals such as rats and mice exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. Some industrial
workers who were exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical during working careers
also suffered damage to the liver, kidney, and nervous system. USEPA has set the drinking water
standard for toluene at 1 part per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health
effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk
and is considered safe with respect to toluene.
50) Toxaphene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that toxaphene is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This organic chemical was once a pesticide widely used on cotton, corn, soybeans, pineapples, and
other crops. When soil and climatic conditions are favorable, toxaphene may get into drinking
water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This chemical has been
shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed
at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may
increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. USEPA has set
the drinking water standard for toxaphene at 0.003 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of
cancer or other adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking
water that meets this standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe
with respect to toxaphene.
51) 2,4,5-TP. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that 2,4,5-TP is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is used as a herbicide. When soil and climatic conditions are favorable, 2,4,5-TP
may get into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This
chemical has been shown to damage the liver and kidney of laboratory animals such as rats and
dogs exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. Some industrial workers who were exposed to
relatively large amounts of this chemical during working careers also suffered damage to the
nervous system. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for 2,4,5-TP at 0.05 parts per million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the
USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
2,4,5-TP.
52) Xylenes. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that xylene is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is used in the manufacture of gasoline for airplanes and as a solvent for
pesticides, and as a cleaner and degreaser of metals. It usually gets into water by improper waste
disposal. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney, and nervous system of
laboratory animals such as rats and dogs exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. Some
humans who were exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical also suffered damage to the
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nervous system. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for xylene at 10 parts per million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the
USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
xylene.
53) Antimony. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that antimony is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
inorganic chemical occurs naturally in soils, groundwater, and surface water and is often used in
the flame retardant industry. It is also used in ceramics and glass, batteries, fireworks, and
explosives. It may get into drinking water through natural weathering of rock, industrial
production, municipal waste disposal, or manufacturing processes. This chemical has been shown
to decrease longevity, and altered blood levels of cholesterol and glucose in laboratory animals such
as rats exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
for antimony at 0.006 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health
effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk
and is considered safe with respect to antimony.
54) Beryllium. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that beryllium is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
inorganic chemical occurs naturally in soils, groundwater, and surface water and is often used in
electrical equipment and electrical components. It generally gets into water from runoff from
mining operations, discharge from processing plants, and improper waste disposal. Beryllium
compounds have been associated with damage to the bones and lungs and induction of cancer in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high levels during their
lifetimes. There is limited evidence to suggest that beryllium may pose a cancer risk via drinking
water exposure. Therefore, USEPA based the health assessment on noncancer effects with and
extra uncertainty factor to account for possible carcinogenicity. Chemicals that cause cancer in
laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long
periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for beryllium at 0.004 parts per
million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets
the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect
to beryllium.
55) Cyanide. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that cyanide is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
inorganic chemical is used in electroplating, steel processing, plastics, synthetic fabrics, and
fertilizer products. It usually gets into water as a result of improper waste disposal. This chemical
has been shown to damage the spleen, brain, and liver of humans fatally poisoned with cyanide.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for cyanide at 0.2 parts per million (ppm) to protect
against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to cyanide.
56) Nickel. This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.32(e)(56) marked “reserved” by USEPA.
This statement maintains structural consistency with USEPA rules.
57) Thallium. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that thallium is a health concern at certain high levels of exposure.
This inorganic chemical occurs naturally in soils, groundwater, and surface water and is used in
electronics, pharmaceuticals, and the manufacture of glass and alloys. This chemical has been
shown to damage the kidney, liver, brain, and intestines of laboratory animals when the animals
are exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
thallium at 0.002 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to thallium.
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58) Benzo(a)pyrene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that benzo(a)pyrene is a health concern at certain levels of
exposure. Cigarette smoke and charbroiled meats are common sources of general exposure. The
major source of benzo(a)pyrene in drinking water is the leaching from coal tar lining and sealants
in water storage tanks. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in animals such as rats and
mice when the animals are exposed to high levels. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
benzo(a)pyrene at 0.0002 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of cancer. Drinking
water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered
safe with respect to benzo(a)pyrene.
59) Dalapon. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that dalapon is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is a widely used herbicide. It may get into drinking water after application to
control grasses in crops, drainage ditches, and along railroads. This chemical has been associated
with damage to the kidney and liver in laboratory animals when the animals are exposed to high
levels during their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for dalapon at 0.2 parts
per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that
meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to dalapon.
60) Dichloromethane. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that dichloromethane (methylene chloride) is a health
concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is a widely used solvent. It is used in
the manufacture of paint remover, as a metal degreaser, and as an aerosol propellant. It generally
gets into water after improper discharge of waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause
cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high levels
during their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk
of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking
water standard for dichloromethane at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of
cancer or other adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to dichloromethane.
61) Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate is a widely used plasticizer in a variety of
products, including synthetic rubber, food packaging materials, and cosmetics. It may get into
drinking water after improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver
and testes in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high levels.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate at 0.4 parts per million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of adverse health effects that have been observed in laboratory
animals. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate.
62) Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate is a widely used plasticizer, which is
primarily used in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resins. It may get into drinking water
after improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory
animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high levels during their lifetimes.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate at 0.006 parts per million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have been
observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with
little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.
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63) Dinoseb. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that dinoseb is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
Dinoseb is a widely used pesticide and generally gets into water after application on orchards,
vineyards, and other crops. This chemical has been shown to damage the thyroid and
reproductive organs in laboratory animals such as rats exposed to high levels. USEPA has set the
drinking water standard for dinoseb at 0.007 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of
these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with
little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to dinoseb.
64) Diquat. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that diquat is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is a herbicide used to control terrestrial and aquatic weeds. It may get into
drinking water by runoff into surface water. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver,
kidney, and gastrointestinal tract and causes cataract formation in laboratory animals such as dogs
and rats exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
diquat at 0.02 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to diquat.
65) Endothall. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that endothall is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is a herbicide used to control terrestrial and aquatic weeds. It may get into
drinking water by runoff into surface water. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver,
kidney, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive system of laboratory animals such as rats and mice
exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
endothall at 0.1 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to endothall.
66) Endrin. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that endrin is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is a pesticide no longer registered for use in the United States. However, this
pesticide is persistent in treated soils and accumulates in sediments and aquatic and terrestrial
biota. This chemical has been shown to cause damage to the liver, kidney, and heart in laboratory
animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high levels during their lifetimes.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for endrin at 0.002 parts per million (ppm) to protect
against the risk of these adverse health effects that have been observed in laboratory animals.
Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to endrin.
67) Glyphosate. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that glyphosate is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This organic chemical is a herbicide used to control grasses and weeds. It may get into drinking
water by runoff into surface water. This chemical has been shown to cause damage to the liver
and kidneys in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high
levels during their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for glyphosate at 0.7
parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water
that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe
with respect to glyphosate.
68) Hexachlorobenzene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that hexachlorobenzene is a health concern at certain levels
of exposure. This organic chemical is produced as an impurity in the manufacture of certain
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solvents and pesticides. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such
as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. Chemicals that
cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are
exposed over long periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for hexachloro-
benzene at 0.001 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of cancer and other adverse
health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of
this risk and is considered safe with respect to hexachlorobenzene.
69) Hexachlorocyclopentadiene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that hexachlorocyclopentadiene is a health concern
at certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is a used as an intermediate in the
manufacture of pesticides and flame retardants. It may get into water by discharge from
production facilities. This chemical has been shown to damage the kidney and the stomach of
laboratory animals when exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking
water standard for hexachlorocyclopentadiene at 0.05 parts per million (ppm) to protect against
the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to hexachlorocyclope-
ntadiene.
70) Oxamyl. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that oxamyl is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is used as a pesticide for the control of insects and other pests. It may get into
drinking water by runoff into surface water or leaching into groundwater. This chemical has been
shown to damage the kidneys of laboratory animals such as rats when exposed at high levels
during their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for oxamyl at 0.2 parts per
million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets
the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect
to oxamyl.
71) Picloram. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that picloram is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is used as a pesticide for broadleaf weed control. It may get into drinking water
by runoff into surface water or leaching into groundwater as a result of pesticide application and
improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause damage to the kidneys and liver
in laboratory animals such as rats when the animals are exposed to high levels during their
lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for picloram at 0.5 parts per million (ppm)
to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
picloram.
72) Simazine. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that simazine is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is a herbicide used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. It may leach
into groundwater or run off into surface water after application. This chemical may cause cancer
in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high levels during
their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking water
standard for simazine at 0.004 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or adverse
health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of
this risk and is considered safe with respect to simazine.
73) 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used as a dye carrier and as a precursor in
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herbicide manufacture. It generally gets into drinking water by discharges from industrial
activities. This chemical has been shown to cause damage to several organs, including the adrenal
glands. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at 0.07 parts per
million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets
the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect
to 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene.
74) 1,1,2-Trichloroethane. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that 1,1,2-trichloroethane is a health concern at certain levels
of exposure. This organic chemical is an intermediate in the production of 1,1-dichloroethylene. It
generally gets into water by industrial discharge of wastes. This chemical has been shown to
damage the kidney and liver of laboratory animals such as rats exposed to high levels during their
lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water standard for 1,1,2-trichloroethane at 0.005 parts per
million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets
the USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect
to 1,1,2-trichloroethane.
75) 2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin). The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that dioxin is a health concern at certain levels of
exposure. This organic chemical is an impurity in the production of some pesticides. It may get
into drinking water by industrial discharge of wastes. This chemical has been shown to cause
cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high levels
during their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk
of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking
water standard for dioxin at 0.00000003 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of
cancer or other adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to dioxin.
76) Chlorine. The USEPA sets drinking water standards and has determined that chlorine is a health
concern at certain levels of exposure. Chlorine is added to drinking water as a disinfectant to kill
bacteria and other disease-causing microorganisms and is also added to provide continuous
disinfection throughout the distribution system. Disinfection is required for surface water systems.
However, at high doses for extended periods of time, chlorine has been shown to affect blood and
the liver in laboratory animals. USEPA has set a drinking water standard for chlorine to protect
against the risk of these adverse effects. Drinking water which meets this USEPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and should be considered safe with respect to chlorine.
77) Chloramines. The USEPA sets drinking water standards and has determined that chloramines are
a health concern at certain levels of exposure. Chloramines are added to drinking water as a
disinfectant to kill bacteria and other disease-causing microorganisms and are also added to
provide continuous disinfection throughout the distribution system. Disinfection is required for
surface water systems. However, at high doses for extended periods of time, chloramines have
been shown to affect blood and the liver in laboratory animals. USEPA has set a drinking water
standard for chloramines to protect against the risk of these adverse effects. Drinking water which
meets this USEPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and should be considered
safe with respect to chloramines.
78) Chlorine dioxide. The USEPA sets drinking water standards and has determined that chlorine
dioxide is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. Chlorine dioxide is used in water
treatment to kill bacteria and other disease-causing microorganisms and can be used to control
tastes and odors. Disinfection is required for surface water systems. However, at high doses,
chlorine dioxide-treated drinking water has been shown to affect blood in laboratory animals.
Also, high levels of chlorine dioxide given to laboratory animals in drinking water have been
shown to cause neurological effects on the developing nervous system. These neurodevelopmental
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effects may occur as a result of a short-term excessive chlorine dioxide exposure. To protect
against such potentially harmful exposures, USEPA requires chlorine dioxide monitoring at the
treatment plant, where disinfection occurs, and at representative points in the distribution system
serving water users. USEPA has set a drinking water standard for chlorine dioxide to protect
against the risk of these adverse effects.
Note: In addition to the language in this introductory text of subsection (78), systems
must include either the language in subsection (78)(a) or (78)(b) of this Appendix.
Systems with a violation at the treatment plant, but not in the distribution system, are
required to use the language in subsection (78)(a) and treat the violation as a nonacute
violation. Systems with a violation in the distribution system are required to use the
language in subsection (78)(b) of this Appendix and treat the violation as an acute
violation.
a) The chlorine dioxide violations reported today are the result of exceedences at the
treatment facility only, and do not include violations within the distribution system
serving users of this water supply. Continued compliance with chlorine dioxide levels
within the distribution system minimizes the potential risk of these violations to present
consumers.
b) The chlorine dioxide violations reported today include exceedences of the USEPA
standard within the distribution system serving water users. Violations of the chlorine
dioxide standard within the distribution system may harm human health based on
short-term exposures. Certain groups, including pregnant women, infants, and young
children, may be especially susceptible to adverse effects of excessive exposure to chlorine
dioxide-treated water. The purpose of this notice is to advise that such persons should
consider reducing their risk of adverse effects from these chlorine dioxide violations by
seeking alternate sources of water for human consumption until such exceedences are
rectified. Local and State health authorities are the best sources for information
concerning alternate drinking water.
79) Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and treatment technique for DBPs. The USEPA sets drinking
water standards and requires the disinfection of drinking water. However, when used in the
treatment of drinking water, disinfectants react with naturally-occurring organic and inorganic
matter present in water to form chemicals called disinfection byproducts (DBPs). USEPA has
determined that a number of DBPs are a health concern at certain levels of exposure. Certain
DBPs, including some trihalomethanes (THMs) and some haloacetic acids (HAAs), have been
shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals. Other DBPs have been shown to affect the liver and
the nervous system, and cause reproductive or developmental effects in laboratory animals.
Exposure to certain DBPs may produce similar effects in people. USEPA has set standards to limit
exposure to THMs, HAAs, and other DBPs.
80) Bromate. The USEPA sets drinking water standards and has determined that bromate is a health
concern at certain levels of exposure. Bromate is formed as a byproduct of ozone disinfection of
drinking water. Ozone reacts with naturally occurring bromide in the water to form bromate.
Bromate has been shown to produce cancer in rats. USEPA has set a drinking water standard to
limit exposure to bromate.
81) Chlorite. The USEPA sets drinking water standards and has determined that chlorite is a health
concern at certain levels of exposure. Chlorite is formed from the breakdown of chlorine dioxide, a
drinking water disinfectant. Chlorite in drinking water has been shown to affect blood and the
developing nervous system. USEPA has set a drinking water standard for chlorite to protect
against these effects. Drinking water which meets this standard is associated with little to none of
these risks and should be considered safe with respect to chlorite.
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BOARD NOTE: Derived from Appendix A to Subpart O to 40 CFR 141.32(e) (1998) (1999), as added at 65 Fed. Reg.
26024 (May 4, 1999).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.Appendix E
Mandatory Lead Public Education Information for Community Water Systems
1)
INTRODUCTION
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and [insert name of water supplier] are concerned
about lead in your drinking water. Although most homes have very low levels of lead in their drinking water, some
homes in the community have lead levels above the USEPA action level of 15 parts per billion (ppb), or 0.015
milligrams of lead per liter of water (mg/L). Under Federal law we are required to have a program in place to
minimize lead in your drinking water by [insert date when corrosion control will be completed for your system].
This program includes corrosion control treatment, source water treatment, and public education. We are also
required to replace the portion of each lead service line that we control own if the line contributes lead
concentrations of more than 15 ppb after we have completed the comprehensive treatment program. If you have
any questions about how we are carrying out the requirements of the lead regulation please give us a call at [insert
water system's phone number]. This brochure explains the simple steps you can take to protect you and your family
by reducing your exposure to lead in drinking water.
2)
HEALTH EFFECTS OF LEAD
Lead is a common metal found throughout the environment in lead-based paint, air, soil, household dust, food,
certain types of pottery porcelain and pewter, and water. Lead can pose a significant risk to your health if too much
of it enters your body. Lead builds up in the body over many years and can cause damage to the brain, red blood
cells, and kidneys. The greatest risk is to young children and pregnant women. Amounts of lead that won't hurt
adults can slow down normal mental and physical development of growing bodies. In addition, a child at play often
comes into contact with sources of lead contamination -- like dirt and dust -- that rarely affect an adult. It is
important to wash children's hands and toys often, and to try to make sure they only put food in their mouths.
3)
LEAD IN DRINKING WATER
A)
Lead in drinking water, although rarely the sole cause of lead poisoning, can significantly increase
a person's total lead exposure, particularly the exposure of infants who drink baby formulas and
concentrated juices that are mixed with water. The EPA estimates that drinking water can make
up 20 percent or more of a person's total exposure to lead.
B)
Lead is unusual among drinking water contaminants in that it seldom occurs naturally in water
supplies like rivers and lakes. Lead enters drinking water primarily as a result of the corrosion, or
wearing away, of materials containing lead in the water distribution system and household
plumbing. These materials include lead-based solder used to join copper pipe, brass and chrome
plated brass faucets, and in some cases, pipes made of lead that connect your house to the water
main (service lines). In 1986, Congress banned the use of lead solder containing greater than 0.2%
lead, and restricted the lead content of faucets, pipes and other plumbing materials to 8.0%.
C)
When water stands in lead pipes or plumbing systems containing lead for several hours or more,
the lead may dissolve into your drinking water. This means the first water drawn from the tap in
the morning, or later in the afternoon after returning from work or school, can contain fairly high
levels of lead.
4)
STEPS YOU CAN TAKE IN THE HOME TO REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LEAD IN DRINKING WATER
139
A)
Despite our best efforts mentioned earlier to control water corrosivity and remove lead from the
water supply, lead levels in some homes or buildings can be high. To find out whether you need to
take action in your own home, have your drinking water tested to determine if it contains excessive
concentrations of lead. Testing the water is essential because you cannot see, taste, or smell lead in
drinking water. Some local laboratories that can provide this service are listed at the end of this
booklet. For more information on having your water tested, please call [insert phone number of
water system].
B)
If a water test indicates that the drinking water drawn from a tap in your home contains lead
above 15 ppb, then you should take the following precautions:
i)
Let the water run from the tap before using it for drinking or cooking any time the water
in a faucet has gone unused for more than six hours. The longer water resides in your
home's plumbing the more lead it may contain. Flushing the tap means running the cold
water faucet until the water gets noticeably colder, usually about 15-30 seconds. If your
house has a lead service line to the water main, you may have to flush the water for a
longer time, perhaps one minute, before drinking. Although toilet flushing or showering
flushes water through a portion of your home's plumbing system, you still need to flush
the water in each faucet before using it for drinking or cooking. Flushing tap water is a
simple and inexpensive measure you can take to protect your family's health. It usually
uses less than one or two gallons of water and costs less than [insert a cost estimate based
on flushing two times a day for 30 days] per month. To conserve water, fill a couple of
bottles for drinking water after flushing the tap, and whenever possible use the first flush
water to wash the dishes or water the plants. If you live in a high-rise building, letting the
water flow before using it may not work to lessen your risk from lead. The plumbing
systems have more, and sometimes larger pipes than smaller buildings. Ask your landlord
for help in locating the source of the lead and for advice on reducing the lead level.
ii)
Try not to cook with, or drink water from the hot water tap. Hot water can dissolve more
lead more quickly than cold water. If you need hot water, draw water from the cold tap
and heat it on the stove.
iii)
Remove loose lead solder and debris from the plumbing materials installed in newly
constructed homes, or homes in which the plumbing has recently been replaced, by
removing the faucet strainers from all taps and running the water from 3 to 5 minutes.
Thereafter, periodically remove the strainers and flush out any debris that has
accumulated over time.
iv)
If your copper pipes are joined with lead solder that has been installed illegally since it
was banned in 1986, notify the plumber who did the work and request that he or she
replace the lead solder with lead-free solder. Lead solder looks dull gray, and when
scratched with a key looks shiny. In addition, notify your State [insert name of
department responsible for enforcing the Safe Drinking Water Act in your State] about
the violation.
v)
Determine whether or not the service line that connects your home or apartment to the
water main is made of lead. The best way to determine if your service line is made of lead
is by either hiring a licensed plumber to inspect the line or by contacting the plumbing
contractor who installed the line. You can identify the plumbing contractor by checking
the city's record of building permits which should be maintained in the files of the [insert
name of department that issues building permits]. A licensed plumber can at the same
time check to see if your homes's plumbing contains lead solder, lead pipes, or pipe fittings
that contain lead. The public water system that delivers water to your home should also
maintain records of the materials located in the distribution system. If the service line that
140
connects your dwelling to the water main contributes more than 15 ppb to drinking
water, after our comprehensive treatment program is in place, we are required to replace
the portion of the line that we own. If the line is only partially controlled owned by the
[insert name of the city, county, or water system that controls the line], we are required to
provide you the owner of the privately-owned portion of the line with information on
how to replace your the privately-owned portion of the service line, and offer to replace
that portion of the line at your the owner’s expense and take a follow-up tap water
sample within 14 days of the replacement. If we replace only the portion of the line that
we own, we also are required to notify you in advance and provide you with information
on the steps that you can take to minimize exposure to any temporary increase in lead
levels which may result from the partial replacement, to take a follow-up sample at our
expense from the line within 72 hours after the partial replacement, and to mail or
otherwise provide you with the results of that sample within three business days of
receiving the results. Acceptable replacement alternatives include copper, steel, iron, and
plastic pipes.
vi)
Have an electrician check your wiring. If grounding wires from the electrical system are
attached to your pipes, corrosion may be greater. Check with a licensed electrician or
your local electrical code to determine if your wiring can be grounded elsewhere. DO
NOT attempt to change the wiring yourself because improper grounding can cause
electrical shock and fire hazards.
C)
The steps described above will reduce the lead concentrations in your drinking water. However, if
a water test indicates that the drinking water coming from your tap contains lead concentrations
in excess of 15 ppb after flushing, or after we have completed our actions to minimize lead levels,
then you may want to take the following additional measures:
i)
Purchase or lease a home treatment device. Home treatment devices are limited in that
each unit treats only the water that flows from the faucet to which it is connected, and all
of the devices require periodic maintenance and replacement. Devices such as reverse
osmosis systems or distillers can effectively remove lead from your drinking water. Some
activated carbon filters may reduce lead levels at the tap, however all lead reduction
claims should be investigated. Be sure to check the actual performance of a specific home
treatment device before and after installing the unit.
ii)
Purchase bottled water for drinking and cooking.
D)
You can consult a variety of sources for additional information. Your family doctor or pediatrician
can perform a blood test for lead and provide you with information about the health effects of
lead. State and local government agencies that can be contacted include the following:
i)
[insert the name of city or county department of public utilities] at [insert phone number]
can provide you with information about your community's water supply, and a list of
local laboratories that have been certified by EPA for testing water quality;
ii)
[insert the name of city or county department that issues building permits] at [insert
phone number] can provide you with information about building permit records that
should contain the names of plumbing contractors that plumbed your home; and
iii)
[insert the name of the State Department of Public Health] at [insert phone number] or
the [insert the name of the city or county health department] at [insert phone number]
can provide you with information about the health effects of lead and how you can have
your child's blood tested.
141
E)
The following is a list of some State-approved laboratories in your area that you can call to have
your water tested for lead. [Insert names and phone numbers of at least two laboratories].
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.85(a)(1) (1992) (1999), as renumbered and amended at 65 Fed. Reg. 2005
(Jan. 12, 2000).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.Appendix F
Converting Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) Compliance Values for
Consumer Confidence ReportsMandatory Lead Public Education Information for
Non-Transient Non-Community Water Systems
1) INTRODUCTION
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and [insert name of water supplier] are concerned
about lead in your drinking water. Some drinking water samples taken from this this facility have lead levels above
the USEPA action level of 15 parts per billion (ppb), or 0.015 milligrams of lead per liter of water (mg/L). Under
Federal law we are required to have a program in place to minimize lead in your drinking water by [insert date
when corrosion control will be completed for your system]. This program includes corrosion control treatment,
source water treatment, and public education. We are also required to replace the portion of each lead service line
that we own if the line contributes lead concentrations of more than 15 ppb after we have completed the
comprehensive treatment program. If you have any questions about how we are carrying out the requirements of
the lead regulation please give us a call at [insert water system's phone number]. This brochure explains the simple
steps you can take to protect you and your family by reducing your exposure to lead in drinking water.
2) HEALTH EFFECTS OF LEAD
Lead is found throughout the environment in lead-based paint, air, soil, household dust, food, certain types of
pottery porcelain and pewter, and water. Lead can pose a significant risk to your health if too much of it enters your
body. Lead builds up in the body over many years and can cause damage to the brain, red blood cells, and kidneys.
The greatest risk is to young children and pregnant women. Amounts of lead that won't hurt adults can slow down
normal mental and physical development of growing bodies. In addition, a child at play often comes into contact
with sources of lead contamination -- like dirt and dust -- that rarely affect an adult. It is important to wash
children's hands and toys often, and to try to make sure they only put food in their mouths.
3) LEAD IN DRINKING WATER
A) Lead in drinking water, although rarely the sole cause of lead poisoning, can significantly increase
a person's total lead exposure, particularly the exposure of infants who drink baby formulas and
concentrated juices that are mixed with water. The EPA estimates that drinking water can make
up 20 percent or more of a person's total exposure to lead.
B) Lead is unusual among drinking water contaminants in that it seldom occurs naturally in water
supplies like rivers and lakes. Lead enters drinking water primarily as a result of the corrosion, or
wearing away, of materials containing lead in the water distribution system and household
plumbing. These materials include lead-based solder used to join copper pipe, brass and chrome
plated brass faucets, and in some cases, pipes made of lead that connect houses and buildings to
the water main (service lines). In 1986, Congress banned the use of lead solder containing greater
than 0.2% lead, and restricted the lead content of faucets, pipes and other plumbing materials to
8.0%.
C) When water stands in lead pipes or plumbing systems containing lead for several hours or more,
the lead may dissolve into your drinking water. This means the first water drawn from the tap in
the morning, or later in the afternoon after returning from work or school, can contain fairly high
142
levels of lead.
4) STEPS YOU CAN TAKE IN THE HOME TO REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LEAD IN DRINKING WATER
A) Let the water run from the tap before using it for drinking or cooking any time the water in a
faucet has gone unused for more than six hours. The longer water resides in your home's
plumbing the more lead it may contain. Flushing the tap means running the cold water faucet
until the water gets noticeably colder, usually about 15-30 seconds. Although toilet flushing or
showering flushes water through a portion of your home's plumbing system, you still need to flush
the water in each faucet before using it for drinking or cooking. Flushing tap water is a simple and
inexpensive measure you can take to protect your family's health. It usually uses less than one
gallon.
B) Do not cook with or drink water from the hot water tap. Hot water can dissolve more lead more
quickly than cold water. If you need hot water, draw water from the cold tap and heat it.
C) The steps described above will reduce the lead concentrations in your drinking water. However, if
you are still concerned, you may wish to use bottled water for drinking and cooking.
D) You can consult a variety of sources for additional information. Your family doctor or pediatrician
can perform a blood test for lead and provide you with information about the health effects of
lead. State and local government agencies that can be contacted include the following:
i) [insert the name or title of facility official if appropriate] at [insert phone number] can
provide you with information about your facility's water supply; and
ii) [insert the name of the State Department of Public Health] at [insert phone number] or
the [insert the name of the city or county health department] at [insert phone number]
can provide you with information about the health effects of lead.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.85(a)(2), as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 2006 (Jan. 12, 2000). The Department
of Public Health (Department) regulates non-community water supplies, including non-transient, non-community
water supplies. The Department has incorporated this Part into its regulations at 77 Ill. Adm. Code 900.15(a)(2)(A)
and 900-20(k)(2). Thus, the Board has included the notice language of 40 CFR 141.85(a)(2) as this Section for the
purposes of facilitating federal review and authorization of the Illinois drinking water regulations.
Key
AL=Action Level
MCL=Maximum Contaminant Level
MCLG=Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
MFL=million fibers per liter
mrem/year=millirems per year (a measure of radiation absorbed by the body)
NTU=Nephelometric Turbidity Units
pCi/L=picocuries per liter (a measure of radioactivity)
ppm=parts per million, or milligrams per liter (mg/L)
ppb=parts per billion, or micrograms per liter (
μ
g/L)
ppt=parts per trillion, or nanograms per liter
ppq=parts per quadrillion, or picograms per liter
TT=Treatment Technique
Contaminant
MCL in
compliance
multiply by . . .
MCL in CCR units
MCLG in
CCR
143
units (mg/L)
units
Microbiological Contaminants
1. Total Coliform Bacteria
(systems that
collect 40 or more
samples per
month) 5% of
monthly samples
are positive;
(systems that
collect fewer than
40 samples per
month) 1 positive
monthly sample.
0
2. Fecal coliform and E. coli
A routine sample
and a repeat
sample are total
coliform positive,
and one is also
fecal coliform or
E. coli positive.
0
3. Turbidity
TT (NTU)
n/a
Radioactive Contaminants
4. Beta/photon emitters
4 mrem/yr
4 mrem/yr
0
5. Alpha emitters
15 pCi/L
15 pCi/L
0
6. Combined radium
5 pCi/L
5 pCi/L
0
Inorganic Contaminants
7. Antimony
0.006
1000
6 ppb
6
8. Arsenic
0.05
1000
50 ppb
n/a
9. Asbestos
7 MFL
7 MFL
7
10. Barium
2
2 ppm
2
11. Beryllium
0.004
1000
4 ppb
4
12. Cadmium
0.005
1000
5 ppb
5
13. Chromium
0.1
1000
100 ppb
100
14. Copper
AL=1.3
AL=1.3 ppm
1.3
15. Cyanide
0.2
1000
200 ppb
200
16. Fluoride
4
4 ppm
4
17. Lead
AL=.015
1000
AL=15 ppb
0
18. Mercury (inorganic)
0.002
1000
2 ppb
2
19. Nitrate (as Nitrogen)
10
10 ppm
10
20. Nitrite (as Nitrogen)
1
1 ppm
1
21. Selenium
0.05
1000
50 ppb
50
22. Thallium
0.002
1000
2 ppb
0.5
Synthetic Organic Contaminants Including
Pesticides and Herbicides
23. 2,4-D
0.07
1000
70 ppb
70
24. 2,4,5-TP [Silvex]
0.05
1000
50 ppb
50
25. Acrylamide
TT
0
26. Alachlor
0.002
1000
2 ppb
0
27. Atrazine
0.003
1000
3 ppb
3
28. Benzo(a)pyrene [PAH]
0.0002
1,000,000
200 ppt
0
29. Carbofuran
0.04
1000
40 ppb
40
30. Chlordane
0.002
1000
2 ppb
0
31. Dalapon
0.2
1000
200 ppb
200
32. Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
0.4
1000
400 ppb
400
144
33. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
0.006
1000
6 ppb
0
34. Dibromochloropropane
0.0002
1,000,000
200 ppt
0
35. Dinoseb
0.007
1000
7 ppb
7
36. Diquat
0.02
1000
20 ppb
20
37. Dioxin [2,3,7,8-TCDD]
0.00000003
1,000,000,000
30 ppq
0
38. Endothall
0.1
1000
100 ppb
100
39. Endrin
0.002
1000
2 ppb
2
40. Epichlorohydrin
TT
0
41. Ethylene dibromide
0.00005
1,000,000
50 ppt
0
42. Glyphosate
0.7
1000
700 ppb
700
43. Heptachlor
0.0004
1,000,000
400 ppt
0
44. Heptachlor epoxide
0.0002
1,000,000
200 ppt
0
45. Hexachlorobenzene
0.001
1000
1 ppb
0
46. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
0.05
1000
50 ppb
50
47. Lindane
0.0002
1,000,000
200 ppt
200
48. Methoxychlor
0.04
1000
40 ppb
40
49. Oxamyl [Vydate]
0.2
1000
200 ppb
200
50. PCBs [Polychlorinated biphenyls]
0.0005
1,000,000
500 ppt
0
51. Pentachlorophenol
0.001
1000
1 ppb
0
52. Picloram
0.5
1000
500 ppb
500
53. Simazine
0.004
1000
4 ppb
4
54. Toxaphene
0.003
1000
3 ppb
0
Volatile Organic Contaminants
55. Benzene
0.005
1000
5 ppb
0
56. Carbon tetrachloride
0.005
1000
5 ppb
0
57. Chlorobenzene
0.1
1000
100 ppb
100
58. o-Dichlorobenzene
0.6
1000
600 ppb
600
59. p-Dichlorobenzene
0.075
1000
75 ppb
75
60. 1,2-Dichloroethane
0.005
1000
5 ppb
0
61. 1,1-Dichloroethylene
0.007
1000
7 ppb
7
62. cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
0.07
1000
70 ppb
70
63. trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene
0.1
1000
100 ppb
100
64. Dichloromethane
0.005
1000
5 ppb
0
65. 1,2-Dichloropropane
0.005
1000
5 ppb
0
66. Ethylbenzene
0.7
1000
700 ppb
700
67. Styrene
0.1
1000
100 ppb
100
68. Tetrachloroethylene
0.005
1000
5 ppb
0
69. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
0.07
1000
70 ppb
70
70. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
0.2
1000
200 ppb
200
71. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
0.005
1000
5 ppb
3
72. Trichloroethylene
0.005
1000
5 ppb
0
73. TTHMs [Total trihalomethanes]
0.10
1000
100 ppb
n/a
74. Toluene
1
1 ppm
1
75. Vinyl Chloride
0.002
1000
2 ppb
0
76. Xylenes
10
10 ppm
10
BOARD NOTE: Derived from Appendix A to Subpart O, 40 CFR Subpart O (1998).
(Source: Former Appendix F repealed and new Appendix F adopted at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective
______________________)
145
Section 611.Appendix G
Regulated ContaminantsViolations and Situations Requiring Public Notice
See note 1 at the end of this Appendix for an explanation of the Agency’s authority to alter the
magnitude of a violation from that set forth in the following table.
MCL/MRDL/TT violations
2
Monitoring & testing
procedure violations
Contaminant
Tier of
public
notice
required
Citation
Tier of
public
notice
required
Citation
I. Violations of National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR):
3
A. Microbiological Contaminants
1. Total coliform
2
611.325(a)
3
611.521-
611.525
2. Fecal coliform/E. coli
1
611.325(b)
4
1, 3
611.525
3. Turbidity MCL
2
611.320(a)
3
611.560
4. Turbidity MCL (average of 2
days’ samples >5 NTU)
5
2, 1
611.320(b)
3
611.560
5. Turbidity (for TT violations
resulting from a single
exceedance of maximum
allowable turbidity level)
6
2, 1
611.231(2),
611.233(b)(1),
611.250(a)(2),
611.250(b)(2),
611.250(c)(2),
611.250(d),
611.743(a)(2),
611.743(b)
3
611.531(a),
611.532(b),
611.533(a),
611.744
6. Surface Water Treatment Rule
violations, other than violations
resulting from single exceedance
of max. allowable turbidity level
(TT)
2
611.211,
611.213,
611.220,
611.230-
611.233,
611.240-
611.242,
611.250
3
611.531-
611.533
7. Interim Enhanced Surface
Water Treatment Rule violations,
other than violations resulting
from single exceedance of max.
turbidity level (TT)
2
7
611.740-
611.743
3
611.742,
611.744
146
B. Inorganic Chemicals (IOCs)
1. Antimony
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.603
2. Arsenic
2
611.300(b),
611.612(c)
3
611.100,
611.101,
611.612
3. Asbestos (fibers >10 m)
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.602
4. Barium
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.603
5. Beryllium
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.603
6. Cadmium
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.603
7. Chromium (total)
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.603
8. Cyanide
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.603
9. Fluoride
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.603
10. Mercury (inorganic)
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.603
11. Nitrate
1
611.301(b)
8
1, 3
611.600,
611.601,
611.604,
611.606
12. Nitrite
1
611.301(b)
8
1, 3
611.600,
611.601,
611.605,
611.606
13. Total Nitrate and Nitrite
1
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601
14. Selenium
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.603
147
15. Thallium
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.603
C. Lead and Copper Rule (Action Level for lead is 0.015 mg/L, for copper is 1.3 mg/L)
1. Lead and Copper Rule (TT)
2
611.350-
611.355
3
611.356-
611.359
D. Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs)
1. 2,4-D
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
2. 2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
3. Alachlor
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
4. Atrazine
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
5. Benzo(a)pyrene (PAHs)
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
6. Carbofuran
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
7. Chlordane
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
8. Dalapon
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
9. Di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
10. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
11. Dibromochloropropane
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
12. Dinoseb
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
13. Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
14. Diquat
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
15. Endothall
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
16. Endrin
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
17. Ethylene dibromide
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
18. Glyphosate
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
19. Heptachlor
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
20. Heptachlor epoxide
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
21. Hexachlorobenzene
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
22. Hexachlorocyclo-pentadiene
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
23. Lindane
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
24. Methoxychlor
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
25. Oxamyl (Vydate)
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
26. Pentachlorophenol
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
27. Picloram
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
28. Polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs)
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
29. Simazine
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
30. Toxaphene
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
E. Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs)
1. Benzene
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
2. Carbon tetrachloride
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
148
3. Chlorobenzene
(monochlorobenzene)
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
4. o-Dichlorobenzene
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
5. p-Dichlorobenzene
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
6. 1,2-Dichloroethane
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
7. 1,1-Dichloroethylene
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
8. cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
9. trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
10. Dichloromethane
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
11. 1,2-Dichloropropane
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
12. Ethylbenzene
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
13. Styrene
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
14. Tetrachloroethylene
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
15. Toluene
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
16. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
17. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
18. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
19. Trichloroethylene
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
20. Vinyl chloride
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
21. Xylenes (total)
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
F. Radioactive Contaminants
1. Beta/photon emitters
2
611.331
3
611.720(a),
611.732
2. Alpha emitters
2
611.330(b)
3
611.720(a),
611.731
3. Combined radium (226 &
228)
2
611.330(a)
3
611.720(a),
611.731
G. Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs), Byproduct Precursors, Disinfectant Residuals. Where
disinfection is used in the treatment of drinking water, disinfectants combine with organic and
inorganic matter present in water to form chemicals called disinfection byproducts (DBPs). EPA
sets standards for controlling the levels of disinfectants and DBPs in drinking water, including
trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs).
9
1. Total trihalomethanes
(TTHMs)
2
10
611.310,
611.312(a)
3
611.680-
611.688,
611.382(a)-(b)
2. Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)
2
611.312(a)
3
611.382(a)-(b)
3. Bromate
2
611.312(a)
3
611.382(a)-(b)
4. Chlorite
2
611.312(a)
3
611.382(a)-(b)
5. Chlorine (MRDL)
2
611.313(a)
3
611.382(a), (c)
6. Chloramine (MRDL)
2
611.313(a)
3
611.382(a), (c)
149
7. Chlorine dioxide (MRDL),
where any 2 consecutive daily
samples at entrance to
distribution system only are
above MRDL
2
611.313(a),
611.383(c)(3)
2
11
, 3
611.382(a), (c),
611.383(c)(2)
8. Chlorine dioxide (MRDL),
where sample(s) in distribution
system the next day are also
above MRDL
12
1
611.313(a),
611.383(c)(3)
1
611.382(a), (c),
611.383(c)(2)
9. Control of DBP precursors--
TOC (TT)
2
611.385(a)-(b)
3
611.382(a), (d)
10. Bench marking and
disinfection profiling
N/A
N/A
3
611.742
11. Development of monitoring
plan
N/A
N/A
3
611.382(f)
H. Other Treatment Techniques
1. Acrylamide (TT)
2
611.296
N/A
N/A
2. Epichlorohydrin (TT)
2
611.296
N/A
N/A
II. Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring:
13
A. Unregulated contaminants
N/A
N/A
3
611.510
B. Nickel
N/A
N/A
3
611.603,
611.611
III. Public Notification for Relief Equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415 Variance or a Section 1416
Exemption:
A. Operation under relief
equivalent to a SDWA Section
1415 variance or a Section 1416
exemption
3
14
1415, 1416,
N/A
N/A
B. Violation of conditions of
relief equivalent to a SDWA
Section 1415 variance or a
Section 1416 exemption
2
1415, 1416,
15
611.111,
611.112
N/A
N/A
IV. Other Situations Requiring Public Notification:
A. Fluoride secondary maximum
contaminant level (SMCL)
exceedance
3
611.858
N/A
N/A
B. Exceedance of nitrate MCL
for non-community systems, as
allowed by the Agency
1
611.300(d)
N/A
N/A
C. Availability of unregulated
contaminant monitoring data
3
611.510
N/A
N/A
150
D. Waterborne disease outbreak
1
611.101,
611.233(b)(2)
N/A
N/A
E. Other waterborne emergency
16
1
N/A
N/A
N/A
F. Other situations as determined
by the Agency by a SEP issued
pursuant to Section 611.110
17
1, 2, 3
N/A
N/A
N/A
Appendix G--Endnotes
1. Violations and other situations not listed in this table (e.g., reporting violations and failure to
prepare Consumer Confidence Reports), do not require notice, unless otherwise determined by the
Agency by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110. The Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant
to Section 611.110, further require a more stringent public notice tier (e.g., Tier 1 instead of Tier 2
or Tier 2 instead of Tier 3) for specific violations and situations listed in this Appendix, as
authorized under Sections 611.902(a) and 611.903(a).
2. Definition of the abbreviations used: “MCL” means maximum contaminant level, “MRDL”
means maximum residual disinfectant level, and “TT” means treatment technique
3. The term “violations of National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR)” is used here
to include violations of MCL, MRDL, treatment technique, monitoring, and testing procedure
requirements.
4. Failure to test for fecal coliform or E. coli is a Tier 1 violation if testing is not done after any
repeat sample tests positive for coliform. All other total coliform monitoring and testing
procedure violations are Tier 3 violations.
5. A supplier that violates the turbidity MCL of 5 NTU based on an average of measurements over
two consecutive days must consult with the Agency within 24 hours after learning of the violation.
Based on this consultation, the Agency may subsequently decide to issue a SEP issued pursuant to
Section 611.110 that elevates the violation to a Tier 1 violation. If a system is unable to make
contact with the Agency in the 24-hour period, the violation is automatically elevated to a Tier 1
violation.
6. A supplier with treatment technique a violation involving a single exceedance of a maximum
turbidity limit under the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) or the Interim Enhanced Surface
Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR) are required to consult with the Agency within 24 hours after
learning of the violation. Based on this consultation, the Agency may subsequently decide to issue
a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that elevates the violation to a Tier 1 violation. If a system is
unable to make contact with the Agency in the 24-hour period, the violation is automatically
elevated to a Tier 1 violation.
7. Most of the requirements of the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (63 FR 69477)
(Secs. 611.740-611.741, 611.743-611.744) become effective January 1, 2002 for a Subpart B
supplier (surface water systems and ground water systems under the direct influence of surface
151
water) that serves at least 10,000 persons. However, Section 611.742 is currently effective. The
Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) remains in effect for systems serving at least 10,000
persons even after 2002; the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule adds additional
requirements and does not in many cases supercede the SWTR.
8. Failure to take a confirmation sample within 24 hours for nitrate or nitrite after an initial sample
exceeds the MCL is a Tier 1 violation. Other monitoring violations for nitrate are Tier 3.
9. A subpart B community or non-transient non-community system supplier that serves 10,000
persons or more must comply with new DBP MCLs, disinfectant MRDLs, and related monitoring
requirements beginning January 1, 2002. All other community and non-transient non-community
systems must meet the MCLs and MRDLs beginning January 1, 2004. A Subpart B transient non-
community system supplier serving 10,000 or more persons and using chlorine dioxide as a
disinfectant or oxidant must comply with the chlorine dioxide MRDL beginning January 1, 2002.
A Subpart B transient non-community system supplier that serves fewer than 10,000 persons,
which uses only ground water not under the direct influence of surface water, and which uses
chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant or oxidant must comply with the chlorine dioxide MRDL
beginning January 1, 2004.
10. Section 611.310 will no longer apply after January 1, 2004.
11. Failure to monitor for chlorine dioxide at the entrance to the distribution system the day after
exceeding the MRDL at the entrance to the distribution system is a Tier 2 violation.
12. If any daily sample taken at the entrance to the distribution system exceeds the MRDL for
chlorine dioxide and one or more samples taken in the distribution system the next day exceed the
MRDL, Tier 1 notification is required. A failure to take the required samples in the distribution
system after the MRDL is exceeded at the entry point also triggers Tier 1 notification.
13. Some water suppliers must monitor for certain unregulated contaminants listed in Section
611.510.
14. This citation refers to Sections 1415 and 1416 of the federal Safe Drinking Water Act.
Sections 1415 and 1416 require that “a schedule prescribed . . . for a public water system granted
relief equivalent to a SDWA Section 1415 variance or a Section 1416 exemption shall require
compliance by the system . . ..”
15. In addition to Sections 1415 and 1416 of the federal Safe Drinking Water Act, 40 CFR
142.307 specifies the items and schedule milestones that must be included in relief equivalent to a
SDWA Section 1415 small system variance. In granting any from of relief from an NPDWR, the
Board will consider all applicable federal requirements for and limitations on the State’s ability to
grant relief consistent with federal law.
16. Other waterborne emergencies require a Tier 1 public notice under Section 611.902(a) for
situations that do not meet the definition of a waterborne disease outbreak given in Section
611.101, but which still have the potential to have serious adverse effects on health as a result of
152
short-term exposure. These could include outbreaks not related to treatment deficiencies, as well
as situations that have the potential to cause outbreaks, such as failures or significant interruption
in water treatment processes, natural disasters that disrupt the water supply or distribution system,
chemical spills, or unexpected loading of possible pathogens into the source water.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from Appendix A to Subpart Q to 40 CFR 141, as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 26040 (May 4,
2000).
Key
AL=Action Level
MCL=Maximum Contaminant Level
MCLG=Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
MFL=million fibers per liter
mrem/year=millirems per year (a measure of radiation absorbed by the body)
NTU=Nephelometric Turbidity Units
pCi/L=picocuries per liter (a measure of radioactivity)
ppm=parts per million, or milligrams per liter (mg/L)
ppb=parts per billion, or micrograms per liter (
μ
g/L)
ppt=parts per trillion, or nanograms per liter
ppq=parts per quadrillion, or picograms per liter
TT=Treatment Technique
Contaminant (units)
MCLG
MCL
Major sources in drinking water
Microbiological Contaminants
1. Total Coliform Bacteria
0
(systems that
collect 40 or
more samples
per month) 5%
of monthly
samples are
positive;
(systems that
collect fewer
than 40 samples
per month) 1
positive sample
Naturally present in the
environment
2. Fecal coliform and E. coli
0
A routine
sample and a
repeat sample
are fecal
coliform positive,
and one is also
fecal coliform or
E. coli positive
Human and animal fecal waste
3. Turbidity
n/a
TT
Soil runoff
Radioactive Contaminants
4. Beta/photon emitters (mrem/yr)
0
4
Decay of natural and man-made
deposits
5. Alpha emitters (pCi/L)
0
15
Erosion of natural deposits
6. Combined radium (pCi/L)
0
5
Erosion of natural deposits
Inorganic Contaminants
7. Antimony (ppb)
6
6
Discharge from petroleum
153
refineries; Fire retardants;
Ceramics; Electronics; Solder
8. Arsenic (ppb)
n/a
50
Erosion of natural deposits; Runoff
from orchards; Runoff from glass
and electronics production wastes
9. Asbestos (MFL)
7
7
Decay of asbestos cement water
mains; Erosion of natural deposits
10. Barium (ppm)
2
2
Discharge of drilling wastes;
Discharge from metal refineries;
Erosion of natural deposits
11. Beryllium (ppb)
4
4
Discharge from metal refineries
and coal-burning factories;
Discharge from electrical,
aerospace, and defense industries
12. Cadmium (ppb)
5
5
Corrosion of galvanized pipes;
Erosion of natural deposits;
Discharge from metal refineries;
Runoff from waste batteries and
paints
13. Chromium (ppb)
100
100
Discharge from steel and pulp
mills; Erosion of natural deposits
14. Copper (ppm)
1.3
AL=1.3
Corrosion of household plumbing
systems; Erosion of natural
deposits; Leaching from wood
preservatives
15. Cyanide (ppb)
200
200
Discharge from steel/metal
factories; Discharge from plastic
and fertilizer factories
16. Fluoride (ppm)
4
4
17. Lead (ppb)
0
AL=15
Corrosion of household plumbing
systems; Erosion of natural
deposits
18. Mercury [inorganic] (ppb)
2
2
Erosion of natural deposits;
Discharge from refineries and
factories; Runoff from landfills;
Runoff from cropland
19. Nitrate [as Nitrogen] (ppm)
10
10
Runoff from fertilizer use;
Leaching from septic tanks,
sewage; Erosion of natural
deposits
20. Nitrite [as Nitrogen] (ppm)
1
1
Runoff from fertilizer use;
Leaching from septic tanks,
sewage; Erosion of natural
deposits
21. Selenium (ppb)
50
50
Discharge from petroleum and
metal refineries; Erosion of natural
deposits; Discharge from mines
22. Thallium (ppb)
0.5
2
Leaching from ore-processing sites;
Discharge from electronics, glass,
and drug factories
Synthetic Organic Contaminants
Including Pesticides and Herbicides
23. 2,4-D (ppb)
70
70
Runoff from herbicide used on row
crops
154
24. 2,4,5-TP [Silvex] (ppb)
50
50
Residue of banned herbicide
25. Acrylamide
0
TT
Added to water during
sewage/wastewater treatment
26. Alachlor (ppb)
0
2
Runoff from herbicide used on row
crops
27. Atrazine (ppb)
3
3
Runoff from herbicide used on row
crops
28. Benzo(a)pyrene [PAH]
(nanograms/L)
0
200
Leaching from linings of water
storage tanks and distribution lines
29. Carbofuran (ppb)
40
40
Leaching of soil fumigant used on
rice and alfalfa
30. Chlordane (ppb)
0
2
Residue of banned termiticide
31. Dalapon (ppb)
200
200
Runoff from herbicide used on
rights of way
32. Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (ppb)
400
400
Discharge from chemical factories
33. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ppb)
0
6
Discharge from rubber and
chemical factories
34 Dibromochloropropane (ppt)
0
200
Runoff/leaching from soil
fumigant used on soybeans,
cotton, pineapples, and orchards
35. Dinoseb (ppb)
7
7
Runoff from herbicide used on
soybeans and vegetables
36. Diquat (ppb)
20
20
Runoff from herbicide use
37. Dioxin [2,3,7,8-TCDD] (ppq)
0
30
Emissions from waste incineration
and other combustion; Discharge
from chemical factories
38. Endothall (ppb)
100
100
Runoff from herbicide use
39. Endrin (ppb)
2
2
Residue of banned insecticide
40. Epichlorohydrin
0
TT
Discharge from industrial chemical
factories; An impurity of some
water treatment chemicals
41. Ethylene dibromide (ppt)
0
50
Discharge from petroleum
refineries
42. Glyphosate (ppb)
700
700
Runoff from herbicide use
43. Heptachlor (ppt)
0
400
Residue of banned termiticide
44. Heptachlor epoxide (ppt)
0
200
Breakdown of heptachlor
45. Hexachlorobenzene (ppb)
0
1
Discharge from metal refineries
and agricultural chemical factories
46. Hexachlorocyclo- pentadiene (ppb)
50
50
Discharge from chemical factories
47. Lindane (ppt)
200
200
Runoff/leaching from insecticide
used on cattle, lumber, gardens
48. Methoxychlor (ppb)
40
40
Runoff/leaching from insecticide
used on fruits, vegetables, alfalfa,
livestock
49. Oxamyl [Vydate](ppb)
200
200
Runoff/leaching from insecticide
used on apples, potatoes, and
tomatoes
50. PCBs [Polychlorinated biphenyls]
(ppt)
0
500
Runoff from landfills; Discharge of
waste chemicals
51. Pentachlorophenol (ppb)
0
1
Discharge from wood preserving
factories
52. Picloram (ppb)
500
500
Herbicide runoff
53. Simazine (ppb)
4
4
Herbicide runoff
54. Toxaphene (ppb)
0
3
Runoff/leaching from insecticide
155
used on cotton and cattle
VolatileOrganic Contaminants
55. Benzene (ppb)
0
5
Discharge from factories; Leaching
from gas storage tanks and
landfills
56. Carbon tetrachloride (ppb)
0
5
Discharge from chemical plants
and other industrial activities
57. Chlorobenzene (ppb)
100
100
Discharge from chemical and
agricultural chemical factories
58. o-Dichlorobenzene (ppb)
600
600
Discharge from industrial chemical
factories
59. p-Dichlorobenzene (ppb)
75
75
Discharge from industrial chemical
factories
60. 1,2-Dichloroethane (ppb)
0
5
Discharge from industrial chemical
factories
61. 1,1-Dichloroethylene (ppb)
7
7
Discharge from industrial chemical
factories
62. cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (ppb)
70
70
Discharge from industrial chemical
factories
63. trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene (ppb)
100
100
Discharge from industrial chemical
factories
64. Dichloromethane (ppb)
0
5
Discharge from pharmaceutical
and chemical factories
65. 1,2-Dichloropropane (ppb)
0
5
Discharge from industrial chemical
factories
66. Ethylbenzene (ppb)
700
700
Discharge from petroleum
refineries
67. Styrene (ppb)
100
100
Discharge from rubber and plastic
factories; Leaching from landfills
68. Tetrachloroethylene (ppb)
0
5
Leaching from PVC pipes;
Discharge from factories and dry
cleaners
69. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene (ppb)
70
70
Discharge from textile—finishing
factories
70. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (ppb)
200
200
Discharge from metal degreasing
sites and other factories
71. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (ppb)
3
5
Discharge from industrial chemical
factories
72. Trichloroethylene (ppb)
0
5
Discharge from metal degreasing
sites and other factories
73. TTHMs [Total trihalomethanes]
(ppb)
n/a
100
Byproduct of drinking water
chlorination
74. Toluene (ppm)
1
1
Discharge from petroleum
factories
75. Vinyl Chloride (ppb)
0
2
Leaching from PVC piping;
Discharge from plastics factories
76. Xylenes (ppm)
10
10
Discharge from petroleum
factories; Discharge from chemical
factories
BOARD NOTE: Derived from Appendix B to Subpart O, 40 CFR Subpart O (1998).
(Source: Former Appendix F repeals and new Appendix F adopted at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective
______________________)
156
Section 611.Appendix H
Standard Health Effects Language for Public Notification
Contaminant
MCLG
1
mg/L
MCL
2
mg/L
Standard health effects language for
public notification
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR):
A. Microbiological Contaminants
1a. Total coliform
Zero
See footnote
3
Coliforms are bacteria that are
naturally present in the environment
and are used as an indicator that
other, potentially-harmful, bacteria
may be present. Coliforms were
found in more samples than allowed
and this was a warning of potential
problems.
1b. Fecal coliform/E. coli
Zero
Zero
Fecal coliforms and E. coli are
bacteria whose presence indicates
that the water may be contaminated
with human or animal wastes.
Microbes in these wastes can cause
short-term effects, such as diarrhea,
cramps, nausea, headaches, or other
symptoms. They may pose a special
health risk for infants, young
children, some of the elderly, and
people with severely compromised
immune systems.
2a. Turbidity (MCL)
4
None
1 NTU
5
/5
NTU
Turbidity has no health effects.
However, turbidity can interfere
with disinfection and provide a
medium for microbial growth.
Turbidity may indicate the presence
of disease-causing organisms. These
organisms include bacteria, viruses,
and parasites that can cause
symptoms such as nausea, cramps,
diarrhea and associated headaches.
2b. Turbidity (SWTR TT)
None
TT
7
Turbidity has no health effects.
However,
6
turbidity can interfere
with disinfection and provide a
medium for microbial growth.
Turbidity may indicate the presence
of disease-causing organisms. These
organisms include bacteria, viruses,
and parasites that can cause
symptoms such as nausea, cramps,
diarrhea and associated headaches.
157
2c. Turbidity (IESWTR TT)
None
TT
Turbidity has no health effects.
However,
8
turbidity can interfere
with disinfection and provide a
medium for microbial growth.
Turbidity may indicate the presence
of disease-causing organisms. These
organisms include bacteria, viruses,
and parasites that can cause
symptoms such as nausea, cramps,
diarrhea and associated headaches.
B. Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) and Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
(IESWTR) violations
3. Giardia lamblia
(SWTR/IESWTR)
Zero
TT
10
Inadequately treated water may
contain disease-causing organisms.
These organisms include bacteria,
viruses, and parasites which can
cause symptoms such as nausea,
cramps, diarrhea, and associated
headaches.
4. Viruses
(SWTR/IESWTR)
5. Heterotrophic plate count
(HPC) bacteria
9
(SWTR/IESWTR)
6. Legionella
(SWTR/IESWTR)
7. Cryptosporidium
(IESWTR)
C. Inorganic Chemicals (IOCs)
8. Antimony
0.006
0.006
Some people who drink water
containing antimony well in excess
of the MCL over many years could
experience increases in blood
cholesterol and decreases in blood
sugar.
9. Arsenic
None
0.05
Some people who drink water
containing arsenic in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience skin damage or
problems with their circulatory
system, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
10. Asbestos (10 m).
7 MFL
11
7MFL
asbestos in excess of the MCL over
many years may have an increased
risk of developing benign intestinal
polyps.
158
11. Barium
2
2
Some people who drink water
containing barium in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience an increase in their
blood pressure.
12. Beryllium
0.004
0.004
Some people who drink water
containing beryllium well in excess
of the MCL over many years could
develop intestinal lesions.
13. Cadmium
0.005
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing cadmium in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience kidney damage.
14. Chromium (total)
0.1
0.1
Some people who use water
containing chromium well in excess
of the MCL over many years could
experience allergic dermatitis.
15. Cyanide
0.2
0.2
Some people who drink water
containing cyanide well in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience nerve damage or
problems with their thyroid.
16. Fluoride
4.0
4.0
Some people who drink water
containing fluoride in excess of the
MCL over many years could get
bone disease, including pain and
tenderness of the bones. Fluoride in
drinking water at half the MCL or
more may cause mottling of
children’s teeth, usually in children
less than nine years old. Mottling,
also known as dental fluorosis, may
include brown staining and/or
pitting of the teeth, and occurs only
in developing teeth before they erupt
from the gums.
17. Mercury (inorganic)
0.002
0.002
Some people who drink water
containing inorganic mercury well
in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience kidney
damage.
159
18. Nitrate
10
10
Infants below the age of six months
who drink water containing nitrate
in excess of the MCL could become
seriously ill and, if untreated, may
die. Symptoms include shortness of
breath and blue baby syndrome.
19. Nitrite
1
1
Infants below the age of six months
who drink water containing nitrite in
excess of the MCL could become
seriously ill and, if untreated, may
die. Symptoms include shortness of
breath and blue baby syndrome.
20. Total Nitrate and Nitrite
10
10
Infants below the age of six months
who drink water containing nitrate
and nitrite in excess of the MCL
could become seriously ill and, if
untreated, may die. Symptoms
include shortness of breath and blue
baby syndrome.
21. Selenium
0.05
0.05
Selenium is an essential nutrient.
However, some people who drink
water containing selenium in excess
of the MCL over many years could
experience hair or fingernail losses,
numbness in fingers or toes, or
problems with their circulation.
22. Thallium
0.0005
0.002
Some people who drink water
containing thallium in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience hair loss, changes in
their blood, or problems with their
kidneys, intestines, or liver.
D. Lead and Copper Rule
23. Lead
Zero
TT
12
Infants and children who drink
water containing lead in excess of
the action level could experience
delays in their physical or mental
development. Children could show
slight deficits in attention span and
learning abilities. Adults who drink
this water over many years could
develop kidney problems or high
blood pressure.
160
24. Copper
1.3
TT
13
Copper is an essential nutrient, but
some people who drink water
containing copper in excess of the
action level over a relatively short
amount of time could experience
gastrointestinal distress. Some
people who drink water containing
copper in excess of the action level
over many years could suffer liver
or kidney damage. People with
Wilson’s Disease should consult
their personal doctor.
E. Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs)
25. 2,4-D
0.07
0.07
Some people who drink water
containing the weed killer 2,4-D
well in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience
problems with their kidneys, liver,
or adrenal glands.
26. 2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
0.05
0.05
Some people who drink water
containing silvex in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience liver problems.
27. Alachlor
Zero
0.002
Some people who drink water
containing alachlor in excess of the
MCL over many years could have
problems with their eyes, liver,
kidneys, or spleen, or experience
anemia, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
28. Atrazine
0.003
0.003
Some people who drink water
containing atrazine well in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
cardiovascular system or
reproductive difficulties.
29. Benzo(a)pyrene (PAHs).
Zero
0.0002
Some people who drink water
containing benzo(a)pyrene in excess
of the MCL over many years may
experience reproductive difficulties
and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
161
30. Carbofuran
0.04
0.04
Some people who drink water
containing carbofuran in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
blood, or nervous or reproductive
systems.
31. Chlordane
Zero
0.002
Some people who drink water
containing chlordane in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
liver or nervous system, and may
have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
32. Dalapon
0.2
0.2
Some people who drink water
containing dalapon well in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience minor kidney changes.
33. Di (2-ethylhexyl)adipate
0.4
0.4
Some people who drink water
containing di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate
well in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience
general toxic effects or reproductive
difficulties.
34. Di (2-
ethylhexyl)phthalate
Zero
0.006
Some people who drink water
containing di(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate in excess of the MCL over
many years may have problems with
their liver, or experience
reproductive difficulties, and may
have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
35. Dibromochloropropane
Zero
0.0002
Some people who drink water
containing (DBCP) DBCP in excess
of the MCL over many years could
experience reproductive difficulties
and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
36. Dinoseb
0.007
0.007
Some people who drink water
containing dinoseb well in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience reproductive difficulties.
162
37. Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD).
Zero
3 x 10
-8
Some people who drink water
containing dioxin in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience reproductive difficulties
and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
38. Diquat
0.02
0.02
Some people who drink water
containing diquat in excess of the
MCL over many years could get
cataracts.
39. Endothall
0.1
0.1
Some people who drink water
containing endothall in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
stomach or intestines.
40. Endrin
0.002
0.002
Some people who drink water
containing endrin in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience liver problems.
41. Ethylene dibromide
Zero
0.00005
Some people who drink water
containing ethylene dibromide in
excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with
their liver, stomach, reproductive
system, or kidneys, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
42. Glyphosate
0.7
0.7
Some people who drink water
containing glyphosate in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
kidneys or reproductive difficulties.
43. Heptachlor
Zero
0.0004
Some people who drink water
containing heptachlor in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience liver damage and may
have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
44. Heptachlor epoxide
Zero
0.0002
Some people who drink water
containing heptachlor epoxide in
excess of the MCL over many years
could experience liver damage, and
may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
163
45. Hexachlorobenzene
Zero
0.001
Some people who drink water
containing hexachlorobenzene in
excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with
their liver or kidneys, or adverse
reproductive effects, and may have
an increased risk of getting cancer.
46.
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
0.05
0.05
Some people who drink water
containing
hexachlorocyclopentadiene well in
excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with
their kidneys or stomach.
47. Lindane
0.0002
0.0002
Some people who drink water
containing lindane in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
kidneys or liver.
48. Methoxychlor
0.04
0.04
Some people who drink water
containing methoxychlor in excess
of the MCL over many years could
experience reproductive difficulties.
49. Oxamyl (Vydate)
0.2
0.2
Some people who drink water
containing oxamyl in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience slight nervous system
effects.
50. Pentachlorophenol
Zero
0.001
Some people who drink water
containing pentachlorophenol in
excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with
their liver or kidneys, and may have
an increased risk of getting cancer.
51. Picloram
0.5
0.5
Some people who drink water
containing picloram in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
liver.
164
52. Polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs)
Zero
0.0005
Some people who drink water
containing PCBs in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience changes in their skin,
problems with their thymus gland,
immune deficiencies, or
reproductive or nervous system
difficulties, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
53. Simazine
0.004
0.004
Some people who drink water
containing simazine in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
blood.
54. Toxaphene
Zero
0.003
Some people who drink water
containing toxaphene in excess of
the MCL over many years could
have problems with their kidneys,
liver, or thyroid, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
F. Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs)
55. Benzene
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing benzene in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience anemia or a decrease in
blood platelets, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
56. Carbon tetrachloride
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing carbon tetrachloride in
excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with
their liver and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
57. Chlorobenzene
(monochlorobenzene)
0.1
0.1
Some people who drink water
containing chlorobenzene in excess
of the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
liver or kidneys.
58. o-Dichlorobenzene
0.6
0.6
Some people who drink water
containing o- dichlorobenzene well
in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their liver, kidneys, or
circulatory systems.
165
59. p-Dichlorobenzene
0.075
0.075
Some people who drink water
containing p- dichlorobenzene in
excess of the MCL over many years
could experience anemia, damage to
their liver, kidneys, or spleen, or
changes in their blood.
60. 1,2-Dichloroethane
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing 1,2-dichloroethane in
excess of the MCL over many years
may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
61. 1,1-Dichloroethylene
0.007
0.007
Some people who drink water
containing 1,1-dichloroethylene in
excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with
their liver.
62. cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
0.07
0.07
Some people who drink water
containing cis-1,2-dichloroethylene
in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their liver.
63. trans-1,2-
Dichloroethylene
0.1
0.1
Some people who drink water
containing trans-1,2-
dichloroethylene well in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
liver.
64. Dichloromethane
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing dichloromethane in
excess of the MCL over many years
could have liver problems and may
have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
65. 1,2-Dichloropropane
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing 1,2-dichloropropane in
excess of the MCL over many years
may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
66. Ethylbenzene
0.7
0.7
Some people who drink water
containing ethylbenzene well in
excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with
their liver or kidneys.
166
67. Styrene
0.1
0.1
Some people who drink water
containing styrene well in excess of
the MCL over many years could
have problems with their liver,
kidneys, or circulatory system.
68. Tetrachloroethylene
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing tetrachloroethylene in
excess of the MCL over many years
could have problems with their
liver, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
69. Toluene
1
1
Some people who drink water
containing toluene well in excess of
the MCL over many years could
have problems with their nervous
system, kidneys, or liver.
70. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
0.07
0.07
Some people who drink water
containing 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
well in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience
changes in their adrenal glands.
71. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane.
0.2
0.2
Some people who drink water
containing 1,1,1-trichloroethane in
excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with
their liver, nervous system, or
circulatory system.
72. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane.
0.003
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing 1,1,2-trichloroethane
well in excess of the MCL over
many years could have problems
with their liver, kidneys, or immune
systems.
73. Trichloroethylene
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing trichloroethylene in
excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with
their liver and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
74. Vinyl chloride
Zero
0.002
Some people who drink water
containing vinyl chloride in excess
of the MCL over many years may
have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
167
75. Xylenes (total)
10
10
Some people who drink water
containing xylenes in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience damage to their nervous
system.
G. Radioactive Contaminants
76. Beta/photon emitters
Zero
4 mrem/yr
14
Certain minerals are radioactive
and may emit forms of radiation
known as photons and beta
radiation. Some people who drink
water containing beta and photon
emitters in excess of the MCL over
many years may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
77. Alpha emitters
Zero
15 pCi/L
15
Certain minerals are radioactive
and may emit a form of radiation
known as alpha radiation. Some
people who drink water containing
alpha emitters in excess of the MCL
over many years may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
78. Combined radium (226
& 228)
Zero
5 pCi/L
Some people who drink water
containing radium 226 or 228 in
excess of the MCL over many years
may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
H. Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs), Byproduct Precursors, and Disinfectant Residuals: Where
disinfection is used in the treatment of drinking water, disinfectants combine with organic and
inorganic matter present in water to form chemicals called disinfection byproducts (DBPs). EPA
sets standards for controlling the levels of disinfectants and DBPs in drinking water, including
trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs)
16
79. Total trihalomethanes
(TTHMs)
N/A
0.10/0.080
17
18
Some people who drink water
containing trihalomethanes in excess
of the MCL over many years may
experience problems with their
liver, kidneys, or central nervous
system, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
80. Haloacetic Acids
(HAA)
N/A
0.060
19
Some people who drink water
containing haloacetic acids in
excess of the MCL over many years
may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
168
81. Bromate
Zero
0.010
Some people who drink water
containing bromate in excess of the
MCL over many years may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
82. Chlorite
0.08
1.0
Some infants and young children
who drink water containing chlorite
in excess of the MCL could
experience nervous system effects.
Similar effects may occur in fetuses
of pregnant women who drink water
containing chlorite in excess of the
MCL. Some people may experience
anemia.
83. Chlorine
4 (MRDLG)
20
4.0 (MRDL)
21
Some people who use water
containing chlorine well in excess
of the MRDL could experience
irritating effects to their eyes and
nose. Some people who drink water
containing chlorine well in excess
of the MRDL could experience
stomach discomfort.
84. Chloramines
4 (MRDLG)
4.0 (MRDL)
Some people who use water
containing chloramines well in
excess of the MRDL could
experience irritating effects to their
eyes and nose. Some people who
drink water containing chloramines
well in excess of the MRDL could
experience stomach discomfort or
anemia.
85a. Chlorine dioxide,
where any 2 consecutive
daily samples taken at the
entrance to the distribution
system are above the MRDL
0.8
(MRDLG)
0.8 (MRDL)
Some infants and young children
who drink water containing chlorine
dioxide in nervous system excess of
the MRDL could experience effects.
Similar effects may occur in fetuses
of pregnant women who drink water
containing chlorine dioxide in
excess of the MRDL. Some people
may experience anemia.
169
Add for public notification only:
The chlorine dioxide violations
reported today are the result of
exceedances at the treatment facility
only, not within the distribution
system which delivers water to
consumers. Continued compliance
with chlorine dioxide levels within
the distribution system minimizes
the potential risk of these violations
to consumers.
85b. Chlorine dioxide,
where one or more
distribution system samples
are above the MRDL
0.8
(MRDLG)
0.8 (MRDL)
Some infants and young children
who drink water containing chlorine
dioxide in excess of the MRDL
could experience nervous system
effects. Similar effects may occur in
fetuses of pregnant women who
drink water containing chlorine
dioxide in excess of the MRDL.
Some people may experience
anemia.
Add for public notification only:
The chlorine dioxide violations
reported today include exceedances
of the EPA standard within the
distribution system which delivers
water to consumers. Violations of
the chlorine dioxide standard within
the distribution system may harm
human health based on short- term
exposures. Certain groups, including
fetuses, infants, and young children,
may be especially susceptible to
nervous system effects from
excessive chlorine dioxide
exposure.
170
86. Control of DBP
precursors (TOC)
None
TT
Total organic carbon (TOC) has no
health effects. However, total
organic carbon provides a medium
for the formation of disinfection
byproducts. These byproducts
include trihalomethanes (THMs)
and haloacetic acids (HAAs).
Drinking water containing these
byproducts in excess of the MCL
may lead to adverse health effects,
liver or kidney problems, or
nervous system effects, and may
lead to an increased risk of getting
cancer.
I. Other Treatment Techniques:
87. Acrylamide
Zero
TT
Some people who drink water
containing high levels of acrylamide
over a long period of time could
have problems with their nervous
system or blood, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
88. Epichlorohydrin
Zero
TT
Some people who drink water
containing high levels of
epichlorohydrin over a long period
of time could experience stomach
problems, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Appendix H--Endnotes
1. “MCLG” means maximum contaminant level goal.
2. “MCL” means maximum contaminant level.
3. For a water supplier analyzing at least 40 samples per month, no more than 5.0 percent of the
monthly samples may be positive for total coliforms. For a supplier analyzing fewer than 40
samples per month, no more than one sample per month may be positive for total coliforms.
4. There are various regulations that set turbidity standards for different types of systems, including
Section 611.320, the 1989 Surface Water Treatment Rule, and the 1998 Interim Enhanced Surface
Water Treatment Rule. The MCL for the monthly turbidity average is 1 NTU; the MCL for the 2-
day average is 5 NTU for a supplier that is required to filter but have not yet installed filtration
(Section 611.320).
5. “NTU” means nephelometric turbidity unit.
171
6. There are various regulations that set turbidity standards for different types of systems, including
Section 611.320, the 1989 Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), and the 1998 Interim Enhanced
Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR). A supplier subject to the Surface Water Treatment
Rule (both filtered and unfiltered) may not exceed 5 NTU. In addition, in filtered systems, 95
percent of samples each month must not exceed 0.5 NTU in systems using conventional or direct
filtration and must not exceed 1 NTU in systems using slow sand or diatomaceous earth filtration
or other filtration technologies approved by the Agency.
7. “TT” means treatment technique.
8. There are various regulations that set turbidity standards for different types of systems, including
Section 611.320, the 1989 Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), and the 1998 Interim Enhanced
Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR). For a supplier subject to the IESWTR (systems serving
at least 10,000 people, using surface water or ground water under the direct influence of surface
water), that use conventional filtration or direct filtration, after January 1, 2002, the turbidity level
of a system’s combined filter effluent may not exceed 0.3 NTU in at least 95 percent of monthly
measurements, and the turbidity level of a system’s combined filter effluent must not exceed 1 NTU
at any time. A supplier subject to the IESWTR using technologies other than conventional, direct,
slow sand, or diatomaceous earth filtration must meet turbidity limits set by the Agency.
9. The bacteria detected by heterotrophic plate count (HPC) are not necessarily harmful. HPC is
simply an alternative method of determining disinfectant residual levels. The number of such
bacteria is an indicator of whether there is enough disinfectant in the distribution system.
10. SWTR and IESWTR treatment technique violations that involve turbidity exceedances may use
the health effects language for turbidity instead.
11. Millions of fibers per liter.
12. Action Level = 0.015 mg/L.
13. Action Level = 1.3 mg/L.
14. Millirems per years.
15. Picocuries per liter.
16. A surface water system supplier or a ground water system supplier under the direct influence
of surface water are regulated under Subpart B of this Part. A Supbart B community water system
supplier or a non-transient non-community system supplier that serves 10,000 or more persons
must comply with DBP MCLs and disinfectant maximum residual disinfectant levels (MRDLs)
beginning January 1, 2002. All other community and non-transient noncommunity system suppliers
must meet the MCLs and MRDLs beginning January 1, 2004. Subpart B transient non-community
system suppliers serving 10,000 or more persons and using chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant or
oxidant must comply with the chlorine dioxide MRDL beginning January 1, 2002. Subpart B
transient non-community system suppliers serving fewer than 10,000 persons and systems using
172
only ground water not under the direct influence of surface water and using chlorine dioxide as a
disinfectant or oxidant must comply with the chlorine dioxide MRDL beginning January 1, 2004.
17. The MCL of 0.10 mg/l for TTHMs is in effect until January 1, 2002 for a Subpart B community
water system supplier serving 10,000 or more persons. This MCL is in effect until January 1,
2004 for community water systems with a population of 10,000 or more using only ground water
not under the direct influence of surface water. After these deadlines, the MCL will be 0.080 mg/l.
On January 1, 2004, a supplier serving less than 10,000 will have to comply with the new MCL as
well.
18. The MCL for total trihalomethanes is the sum of the concentrations of the individual
trihalomethanes.
19. The MCL for haloacetic acids is the sum of the concentrations of the individual haloacetic
acids.
20. “MRDLG” means maximum residual disinfectant level goal.
21. “MRDL” means maximum residual disinfectant level.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from Appendix B to Subpart Q to 40 CFR 141, as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 26043 (May 4,
2000).
Microbiological Contaminants
1) Total Coliform. Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the environment and are used
as an indicator that other, potentially-harmful, bacteria may be present. Coliforms were found in
more samples than allowed and this was a warning of potential problems.
2) Fecal coliform/E. coli. Fecal coliforms and E. coli are bacteria whose presence indicates that the
water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes. Microbes in these wastes can cause
short-term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may
pose a special health risk for infants, young children, and people with severely compromised
immune systems.
3) Turbidity. Turbidity has no health effects. However, turbidity can interfere with disinfection and
provide a medium for microbial growth. Turbidity may indicate the presence of disease-causing
organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms such
as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches.
Radioactive Contaminants
4) Beta/photon emitters. Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit forms of radiation known as
photons and beta radiation. Some people who drink water containing beta and photon emitters in
excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
5) Alpha emitters. Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit a form of radiation known as
alpha radiation. Some people who drink water containing alpha emitters in excess of the MCL
over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
173
6) Combined Radium 226/228. Some people who drink water containing radium 226 or 228 in
excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Inorganic Contaminants
7) Antimony. Some people who drink water containing antimony well in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience increases in blood cholesterol and decreases in blood sugar.
8) Arsenic. Some people who drink water containing arsenic in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience skin damage or problems with their circulatory system, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
9) Asbestos. Some people who drink water containing asbestos in excess of the MCL over many years
may have an increased risk of developing benign intestinal polyps.
10) Barium. Some people who drink water containing barium in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience an increase in their blood pressure.
11) Beryllium. Some people who drink water containing beryllium well in excess of the MCL over
many years could develop intestinal lesions.
12) Cadmium. Some people who drink water containing cadmium in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience kidney damage.
13) Chromium. Some people who use water containing chromium well in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience allergic dermatitis.
14) Copper. Copper is an essential nutrient, but some people who drink water containing copper in
excess of the action level over a relatively short amount of time could experience gastrointestinal
distress. Some people who drink water containing copper in excess of the action level over many
years could suffer liver or kidney damage. People with Wilson’s Disease should consult their
personal doctor.
15) Cyanide. Some people who drink water containing cyanide well in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience nerve damage or problems with their thyroid.
16) Fluoride. Some people who drink water containing fluoride in excess of the MCL over many years
could get bone disease, including pain and tenderness of the bones. Children may get mottled
teeth.
17) Lead. Infants and children who drink water containing lead in excess of the action level could
experience delays in their physical or mental development. Children could show slight deficits in
attention span and learning abilities. Adults who drink this water over many years could develop
kidney problems or high blood pressure.
18) Mercury (inorganic). Some people who drink water containing inorganic mercury well in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage.
19) Nitrate. Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrate in excess of the
MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath
and blue-baby syndrome.
174
20) Nitrite. Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrite in excess of the
MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath
and blue-baby syndrome.
21) Selenium. Selenium is an essential nutrient. However, some people who drink water containing
selenium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience hair or fingernail losses,
numbness in fingers or toes, or problems with their circulation.
22) Thallium. Some people who drink water containing thallium in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience hair loss, changes in their blood, or problems with their kidneys, intestines,
or liver.
Synthetic Organic Contaminants Including Pesticides and Herbicides
23) 2,4-D. Some people who drink water containing the weed killer 2,4-D well in excess of the MCL
over many years could experience problems with their kidneys, liver, or adrenal glands.
24) 2,4,5-TP (Silvex). Some people who drink water containing silvex in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience liver problems.
25) Acrylamide. Some people who drink water containing high levels of acrylamide over a long period
of time could have problems with their nervous system or blood, and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
26) Alachlor. Some people who drink water containing alachlor in excess of the MCL over many years
could have problems with their eyes, liver, kidneys, or spleen, or experience anemia, and may have
an increased risk of getting cancer.
27) Atrazine. Some people who drink water containing atrazine well in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their cardiovascular system or reproductive difficulties.
28) Benzo(a)pyrene (PAH). Some people who drink water containing benzo(a)pyrene in excess of the
MCL over many years may experience reproductive difficulties, and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
29) Carbofuran. Some people who drink water containing carbofuran in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience problems with their blood, or nervous or reproductive systems.
30) Chlordane. Some people who drink water containing chlordane in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their liver or nervous system, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
31) Dalapon. Some people who drink water containing dalapon well in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience minor kidney changes.
32) Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate. Some people who drink water containing di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate well in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience general toxic effects or reproductive
difficulties.
33) Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Some people who drink water containing di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
in excess of the MCL over many years may have problems with their liver, or experience
reproductive difficulties, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
175
34) Dibromochloropropane (DBCP). Some people who drink water containing DBCP in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties, and may have an increased risk
of getting cancer.
35) Dinoseb. Some people who drink water containing dinoseb well in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience reproductive difficulties.
36) Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). Some people who drink water containing dioxin in excess of the MCL
over many years could experience reproductive difficulties, and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
37) Diquat. Some people who drink water containing diquat in excess of the MCL over many years
could get cataracts.
38) Endothall. Some people who drink water containing endothall in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their stomach or intestines.
39) Endrin. Some people who drink water containing endrin in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience liver problems.
40) Epichlorohydrin. Some people who drink water containing high levels of epichlorohydrin over a
long period of time could experience stomach problems, and may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
41) Ethylene dibromide. Some people who drink water containing ethylene dibromide in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, stomach, reproductive system, or
kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
42) Glyphosate. Some people who drink water containing glyphosate in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their kidneys or reproductive difficulties.
43) Heptachlor. Some people who drink water containing heptachlor in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience liver damage, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
44) Heptachlor epoxide. Some people who drink water containing heptachlor epoxide in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience liver damage, and may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
45) Hexachlorobenzene. Some people who drink water containing hexachlorobenzene in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys, or adverse
reproductive effects, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
46) Hexachlorocyclopentadiene. Some people who drink water containing hexachlorocyclopentadiene
well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or
stomach.
47) Lindane. Some people who drink water containing lindane in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with their kidneys or liver.
48) Methoxychlor. Some people who drink water containing methoxychlor in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience reproductive difficulties.
49) Oxamyl [Vydate]. Some people who drink water containing oxamyl in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience slight nervous system effects.
176
50) PCBs [Polychlorinated biphenyls]. Some people who drink water containing PCBs in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience changes in their skin, problems with their thymus gland,
immune deficiencies, or reproductive or nervous system difficulties, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
51) Pentachlorophenol. Some people who drink water containing pentachlorophenol in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
52) Picloram. Some people who drink water containing picloram in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their liver.
53) Simazine. Some people who drink water containing simazine in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their blood.
54) Toxaphene. Some people who drink water containing toxaphene in excess of the MCL over many
years could have problems with their kidneys, liver, or thyroid, and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
Volatile Organic Contaminants
55) Benzene. Some people who drink water containing benzene in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience anemia or a decrease in blood platelets, and may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
56) Carbon Tetrachloride. Some people who drink water containing carbon tetrachloride in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
57) Chlorobenzene. Some people who drink water containing chlorobenzene in excess of the MCL
over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys.
58) o-Dichlorobenzene. Some people who drink water containing o-dichlorobenzene well in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory
systems.
59) p-Dichlorobenzene. Some people who drink water containing p-dichlorobenzene in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience anemia, damage to their liver, kidneys, or spleen, or
changes in their blood.
60) 1,2-Dichloroethane. Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloroethane in excess of the
MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
61) 1,1-Dichloroethylene. Some people who drink water containing 1,1-dichloroethylene in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.
62) cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene. Some people who drink water containing cis-1,2-dichloroethylene in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.
63) trans-1,2-Dicholoroethylene. Some people who drink water containing trans-1,2-dichloroethylene
well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.
177
64) Dichloromethane. Some people who drink water containing dichloromethane in excess of the
MCL over many years could have liver problems, and may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
65) 1,2-Dichloropropane. Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloropropane in excess of
the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
66) Ethylbenzene. Some people who drink water containing ethylbenzene well in excess of the MCL
over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys.
67) Styrene. Some people who drink water containing styrene well in excess of the MCL over many
years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory system.
68) Tetrachloroethylene. Some people who drink water containing tetrachloroethylene in excess of the
MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
69) 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene. Some people who drink water containing 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene well in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience changes in their adrenal glands.
70) 1,1,1,-Trichloroethane. Some people who drink water containing 1,1,1-trichloroethane in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, nervous system, or
circulatory system.
71) 1,1,2-Trichloroethane. Some people who drink water containing 1,1,2-trichloroethane well in
excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or immune
systems.
72) Trichloroethylene. Some people who drink water containing trichloroethylene in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, and may have an increased risk
of getting cancer.
73) TTHMs [Total Trihalomethanes]. Some people who drink water containing trihalomethanes in
excess of the MCL over many years may experience problems with their liver, kidneys, or central
nervous systems, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
74) Toluene. Some people who drink water containing toluene well in excess of the MCL over many
years could have problems with their nervous system, kidneys, or liver.
75) Vinyl Chloride. Some people who drink water containing vinyl chloride in excess of the MCL over
many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
76) Xylenes. Some people who drink water containing xylenes in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience damage to their nervous system.
(Source: Former Appendix H repealed and new Appendix H adopted at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective
______________________)
Section 611.Appendix I Acronyms Used in Public Notification Regulation
CCR
Consumer Confidence Report
CWS
Community Water System
DBP
Disinfection Byproduct
178
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency
HPC
Heterotrophic Plate Count
IESWTR
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
IOC
Inorganic Chemical
LCR
Lead and Copper Rule
MCL
Maximum Contaminant Level
MCLG
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
MRDL
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level
MRDLG
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal
NCWS
Non-Community Water System
NPDWR
National Primary Drinking Water Regulation
NTNCWS
Non-Transient Non-Community Water System
NTU
Nephelometric Turbidity Unit
OGWDW
Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
OW
Office of Water
PN
Public Notification
PWS
Public Water System
SDWA
Safe Drinking Water Act
SMCL
Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level
SOC
Synthetic Organic Chemical
SWTR
Surface Water Treatment Rule
TCR
Total Coliform Rule
TT
Treatment Technique
TWS
Transient Non-Community Water System
VOC
Volatile Organic Chemical
BOARD NOTE: Derived from Appendix C to Subpart Q to 40 CFR 141, as added at 65 Fed. Reg. 26048 (May 4,
2000).
(Source: Added at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
Section 611.Table G
Summary of Monitoring Section 611.357 Requirements for Water Quality
Parameters
1
Monitoring Period
Parameters
2
Location
Frequency
Initial Monitoring
pH, alkalinity,
orthophosphate, or silica(3),
calcium, conductivity,
temperature.
Taps and at
entry point(s)
points to the
distribution
system
Every 6 six months
After Installation
installation of Corrosion
Controlcorrosion control
pH, alkalinity,
orthophosphate or silica
3
,
calcium
4
Taps
Every 6 six months
179
After Installation of
Corrosion Control
pH, alkalinity dosage rate
and concentration (if
alkalinity is adjusted as part
of corrosion control),
inhibitor dosage rate and
inhibitor esidual
5
Entry point(s)
points to the
distribution
system
6
BiweeklyNo less frequently
than every two weeks
After State the Agency
specifies parameter values
Specifies Parameter Values
for optimal corrosion
controlOptimal Corrosion
Control
pH, alkalinity,
orthophosphate or silica
3
,
calcium
4
Taps
Every 6 six months
After State Specifies
Parameter Values for
Optimal Corrosion Control
pH, alkalinity dosage rate
and concentration (if
alkalinity is adjusted as part
of corrosion control),
inhibitor dosage rate and
inhibitor residual
5
Entry point(s)
points to the
distribution
system
6
BiweeklyNo less frequently
than every two weeks
Reduced
Monitoringmonitoring
pH, alkalinity,
orthophosphate or silica
3
,
calcium
4
Taps
Every 6 six months,
annually
7
or every three
years
8
; at a reduced number
of sites
Reduced Monitoring
pH, alkalinity dosage rate
and concentration (if
alkalinity is adjusted as part
of corrosion control),
inhibitor dosage rate and
inhibitor residual
5
Entry point(s)
points to the
distribution
system
6
BiweeklyNo less frequently
than every two weeks
1
1. Table G is for illustrative purposes; consult the text of Section 611.357 for precise regulatory requirements.
2
2. Small and medium-size systems have to monitor for water quality parameters only during monitoring periods in
which the system exceeds the lead or copper action level.
3
3. Orthophosphate must be measured only when an inhibitor containing a phosphate compound is used. Silica
must be measured only when an inhibitor containing silicate compound is used.
4
4. Calcium must be measured only when calcium carbonate stabilization is used as part of corrosion control.
5
5. Inhibitor dosage rates and inhibitor residual concentrations (orthophosphate or silica) must be measured only
when an inhibitor is used.
6, A groundwater system supplier may limit monitoring to representative locations throughout the system.
7. A water supplier may reduce frequency of monitoring for water quality parameters at the tap from every six
months to annually if they have maintained the range of values for water quality parameters reflecting optimal
corrosion control during three consecutive years of monitoring.
8. A water supplier may further reduce the frequency of monitoring for water quality parameters at the tap from
annually to once every three years if they have maintained the range of values for water quality parameters
180
reflecting optimal corrosion control during three consecutive years of annual monitoring. A water supplier may
accelerate to triennial monitoring for water quality parameters at the tap if they have maintained 90th percentile
lead levels less than or equal to 0.005 mg/L, 90th percentile copper levels less than or equal to 0.65 mg/L, and the
range of water quality parameters designated by the Agency under Section 611.352(f) as representing optimal
corrosion control during two consecutive six-month monitoring periods.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from the table to 40 CFR 141.87 (1992) (1999).
(Source: Amended at 25 Ill. Reg. ________ effective ______________________)
