ILLINOIS POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
October
5,
1989
IN
THE
MATTER
OF:
SAFE
DRINKING
WATER
ACT
)
R88—26
REGULATiONS
PROPOSAL FOR PUBLIC COMMENT
PROPOSED
ORDER
OF THE
BOARD
(ciy
3.
Anderson):
Pursuant
to Section
17.5 of the Envi~onmental Protection Act
(Act),
the
Board
is proposing to adopt
regulations which are
identical
in substance
to
USEPA
regulations implementing the Safe Drinking Water Act
(SDWA).
This
involves the
repeal
of existing
35
Ill.
Adm. Code 604, 605, 606 and
607,
and
adoption
of
a
new
35
Iii. Adm. Code 611,
the
text
of
which
is attached.
The Board
directs that
the proposal
be published
in the Illinois
Register.
The
Board
will
receive
public
corrinent
for
a
period
of
45 days after
the
date of publication
in
the Illinois register.
This
Proposed
Order
is
supported
by
a
Proposed
Opinion
adopted
this
same
day.
IT
IS
SO
ORDERED
I,
Dorothy
M.
Gunn,
Clerk
of the Illinois Polljtion Control
Board,
hereby
certify ~
the above
Proposed Order was adopted
on the3~ day
of
~L
,
1989,
by
a
vote
of
~
—°
/~—~
Dorothy
M.
Gunn7clerk
Illinois
Pollution
Control
Board
104-73
—2-
TITLE
35:
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
SUBTITLE
F:
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES
CHAPTER
1:
POLLUTION CONTROL
BOARD
PART 611
PRM~YDRINKiNG WATER
STANDARDS
SUBPART
A:
GENERAL
Section
611.100
Purpose, Scope
and Applicability
611.101
Definitions
611.102
Incorporations by Reference
611.108
Delegation
to Local
Government
611.109
Enforcement
611.110
Coverage
611.111
Section 1415 Variances
611.112
Section
1416 Variances
611.113
Alternative Treatment Techniques
611.114
Siting Requirements
611.120
Effective dates
611.125
Fluoridation Requirement
611.126
Prohibition on
Use
of Lead
SUBPART
B:
FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION
Section
611.128
Agency Determinations
611.129
General Requirements
611.130
Filtration Effective Dates
611.131
Source Water Quality Conditions
611.132
Site-specific Conditions
611.133
Treatment Technique Violations
611.140
Disinfection
611.141
Disinfection:
Filtered
PIISs
611.142
Disinfection:
JnH Itered
P~JSs
611.150
Filtration
611.161
Unfiltered
PWSs:
Repo~ting and
Re:o-dk~ep~nq
611.162
Filtered PWSs:
Reporting
and
Reco~dkeeping
611.171
Protection during Repair Work
611.172
Disinfection following Repair
SUBPART
C:
USE OF NON-CENTRALIZED TREATMENT DEVICES
Section
612.180
Point—of—Entry Devices
612.190
Other Non-centralized Treatment Devices
SUBPART
F:
MAXIMUM
CONTAMINANT
LEVELS
(MCL
‘s)
Section
611.300
Ino~ganic chemicals
611.310
Organic
chemicals
611.320
Turbidity
611.330
Radium
and Gross Alpha
Particle Activity
611.331
Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity
Ifl~ 7!~
—3—
SUBPART
G:
NATIONAL REVISED MCL’s
Sect
i on
611.340
3’~’ganics
611.350
Inorganics
611.360
Microbiological
Contaminants
SUBPART
H:
MCL GOALS
Secti on
611.380
Organics
611.390
Inorganics
611.400
Microbiological Contaminants
SUBPART
K:
GENERAL MONITORING
AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.480
Alternative Analytical
Techniques
611.490
Certified Laboratories
611.491
Laboratory Testing Equipment
611.492
Violation of
State MCL
611.493
Frequency of State Monitoring
611.500
Consecutive PWSs
SUBPART
L:
MICROBIOLOGICAL
MONITORING
AND
ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.521
Routine Coliform Monitoring
611.522
Repeat
Col iform
Monitoring
611.523
invalidation
of Total Coliform Samples
611.524
Sanitary Surveys
611.525
Fecal
Coliform and
E. Coli Testing
611.526
Analytical
Methodology
611.527
Response
to
Violation
611.531
Analytical
Requirements
611.532
Unfiltered
PWSs
611.533
Filtered PWSs
SUBPART
Ni:
TURBIDITY MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Secti on
611.560
Turbidity
SUBPART N:
INORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Secti on
611.601
Requirements
611.606
Analytical
Methods
611.607
Fluoride
Monitoring
611.610
Special Monitoring for Sodium
611.621
Corrosivity
Characteristics
611.623
Analytical
Methods
for
Corrosivity
611.624
Construction
Material
Identification
SUBPART
0:
ORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Secti on
611.641
Sampling
and Analytical Requirements
611.645
Analytical
Methods
511.648
Sampling
for Revised MCLs
611.650
Special
Monitoring
1O/~-75
-4-
611.657
Analytical
Methods for Special
Monitoring
SUBPART
P:
TRIHALOMETHANE MONITORING
AND
ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.680
Sampling, Analytical
and other Requirements
611.683
Reduced Monitoring Frequency
611.684
A:~aging
611.685
Analytical
Methods
611.686
Modification to System
SUBPART
Q:
RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.720
Analytical
Methods
611.731
Gross Alpha
611.732
Manmade Radioactivity
SUBPART
T:
REPORTING, PUBLIC NOTIFiCATION AND RECORDKEEPING
Section
611.830
Applicability
611.831
Monthly Operating Report
611.832
Notice
by Agency
611.833
Cross Connection Reporting
611.840
Reporting
611.851
Reporting
MCL
and other Violations
611.852
Reporting
other Violations
611.853
Notice
to
New
Billing Units
611.854
General Content of Public Notice
611.855
Mandato-y Health Effects Language
611.856
Fluoride Notice
611.860
Record Maintenance
611.861
Lead Notice
611.863
Content
of Lead Notice
611.854
M~ndato”yHe.:l th
Effects
I nform~t~o~
fu~Lr~~d
611.810
Unnegul
3ted
Contaminants
Appendix
A
Mandatary
Heal U’.
F ffects
I :liorrlation
Appendix
3
Percent Inactivation of
G.
Lamblia
Cysts
Appendic
C
Con~nonNames
of Inorganic Chemicals
AUTHORITY:
Implementing Sections
17
and
17.5 and authorized
by Section
27
of
the Envi”onmental
Protection Act
(Ill.
Rev.
Stat.
1987
ch.
111
1/2,
pars.
1017,
1017.5
and
1027.
SOURCE:
Adopted
in R88-26
at
14 Ill.
Reg.
,
effective
1OA
•7(
—5—
SUBPART
A:
GENERAL
Section 611.100
Purpose,
Scope
and Applicability
a)
This Part satisfies the requirement
of Section 17.5 of
the
Envi’-onrnental
Protection Act
(Act)
(Ill.
Rev.
Stat.
1987 ch.
111
1/2.
par.
1001 et
seq.) that
the Board adopt
regulations which are
identical
in
substance with federal
regulations
promulgated
by the
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) pursuant to
Sections
1412(b),
1414(c),
1417(a)
and
1445 of the Safe D~inking
Water Act
(42
U.S.C.
300f
et
seq.)
b)
This Part establishes primary drinking water
regulations
(NPDWRs)
pursuant
to the SDWA, and
also includes additional,
related State
requirements which are consistent with
and
more stringent than the
USEPA
regulations
(Section 7.2 of
the Act)
c)
This Part applies
to owners and operators
of
‘public water supplies”
(“PWSs”),
as
provided
in Section
611.110.
PWSs include cormiunity
water
supplies
(‘CWSs”),
“non—community
water
supplies
(“non—CWSs”)
and “non—transient non-community water systems
(“NTNCWSs”),
as these
terms
are
defined
in
Section
611.101.
d)
This Part also applies
to
activities
of certain other persons
as they
affect
a
PWS.
For example,
Section 611.126 prohibits the use of
lead
pipe, solder
or
flux
in
the installation
or
repair
of any plumbing
providing water for human consumption which
is
connected to
a
PWS.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.1
(1987).
Section 611.101
Definitions
As
used
in
this Part, the term:
“Act” means the Environmental Protection Act,
Ill.
Rev.
Stat.
1987,
ch.
111
1/2,
par.
1001
et seq.
“Agency” means the Illinois Environmental
Protection Agency.
“Best available technology”
or
“BAT”
means
the best technology,
treatment techniques
or other means which USEPA
has
found are
available for
the contaminant
in
question.
For the purposes of
setting MCLs for synthetic organic chemicals,
any BAT must
be
at
least
as
effective
as
granular activated
carbon.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987),
as
amended
at
52 Fed.
Reg. 25712,
July 8,
1987.
“Board” means
the Illinois Pollution Control
Board.
“CAS No” means
“Chemical Abstracts Services Number”.
“CT”
or
“CTcalc”
is
the
product
of
“residual
disinfectant
concentration”
(RDC
or
C)
in
mg/L
determined
before
or
at
the
first
10i~-77
-6-
customer,
and
the
corresponding
“disinfectant
contact
time”
(T)
in
minutes.
If
a
PWS
applies
disinfectants
at
more than
one point prior
to
the
first
customer,
it
shall
determine
the
CT
of
each
disinfectent
sequence
before
or
at
the
first
customer
to
determine
the
total
percent
inactivation
or
“total
inactivation
ratio”.
In
determining
the total
inactivation
ratio,
the PWS shall
determine
the RDC of each
disinfc,~ionsaquence and corresponding contact
time before any
subsequent disinfection application
point(s).
(See CT99.9)
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987),
as
amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg.
27526, June 29,
1989.
“CT99.9”
is
the
CT
value
required
for
99.9 percent
(3—log)
inactivation
of Giardia
lamblia
cysts.
CT99.9 for
a variety
of
disinfectants
and conditions
appear
in Tables
1.1—1.6,
2.1
and
3.1
of
Appendix
B.
(See “Inactivation Ratio”.)
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived from the definition
of CT
in
40 CFR
141.2
(1987),
as
amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg.
27526,
June
29,
1989.
“Coagulation” means
a
process using coagulant chemicals and mixing
by
which colloidal
and suspended materials
are destabilized
and
agglomerated
into flocs.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived
from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987),
as
amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg. 27526, June
29,
1989.
“Community Water Supply”
(“CWS”
)
is
a
type
of
“public
water supply”,
as
defined below.
A
“non—CWS”
is
a type of public water supply which
is
not
a
CWS.
“Confluent
growth”
means
a
continuous
bacterial
growth
covering
the
entire
filtration
area
of
a
nienH’ane
Hi tea
a’.’
a
porti
on
Laencaf
,
i a
which
bacterial
colonies
are
not
discrete.
SOARO
NOTE:
De~’i
ved
from
40
CF2
141.2
(1987),
as
amended
at
54
Fed.
Reg.
27562,
June
29,
1989.
“Contaminant” means any physical
,
chemical
,
biological
or
radiological
substance or matter
in water.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.2
(1937).
“Conventional filtration
treatment”
means
a
series
of
processes
including coagulation,
flocculation, sedimentation and filtration
resulting
in substantial
particulate
removal.
BOA7~D NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CR
141.2
(1937),
as
amended
at
54
Fed.
Rag.
27526,
June
29,
1989.
“Diatomaceous
earth
filtration
“
means
a process resulting
in
substantial
particulate
removal
in
which:
A precoat cake of diatomaceous
earth
filter media
is deposited
104~-78
—7—
on
a
support
mernbrance
(septum);
and
While
the
water
is
filtered
by
passing through the
cake on the
septum,
additional
filter media known
as
body
feed
is
continuously added
to the feed water to maintain the
permeability
of the filter cake.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987),
as
amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg.
27526, June 29,
1989.
“Direct
filtration” means
a series
of
processes including coagulation
and
filtration but excluding sedimentation resulting
in
substantial
particulate
removal.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.2
(1987),
as
amended
at
54
Fed.
Reg. 27526, June
29,
1989.
“Disinfectant” means
any oxidant,
including but
not limited
to
chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chloramines
and ozone
added
to water
in
any part of
the treatment
or distribution
process, that
is
intended
to
kill
or
inactivate
pathogenic
microorganisms.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.2
(1987),
as
amended
at
54
Fed.
Reg.
27526, June 29,
1989.
“Disinfectant contact time”
(“T”
in
CT calculations) means
the time
in minutes
that
it
takes for water
to move from the point
of
disinfectant
application
or
the
previous
point
of
disinfectant
residual measurement
to
a
point
before
or
at the point where RDC
(“C”)
is measured.
Where
only one
“C”
is
measured,
“T”
is the
time
in minutes that
it
takes
for water
to move from the point
of
disinfectant application
to
a point
before
or
at
where RDC
(“C”)
is
measured.
Where
more
than
one
“C”
is
measured,
“T”
is
(a)
for
the
first
measurement
of
“C”,
the time
in
minutes
that
it takes
for water
to move from the
first
or only
point
of disinfectant application
to
a
point
before
or
at
the
point where the first
“C”
is measured and
(b)
for subsequent measurements
of “C”,
the
time in minutes that
it
takes
for water
to move from the
previous
“C” measurement point
to the
“C”
measurement
point for which the particular
“T”
is
being calculated.
Disinfectant
contact
time
in
pipelines
must
be
calculated
based
on
“plug flow”
by dividing the
internal
volume
of the
pipe by
the
maximum hourly
flow rate through that
pipe.
Disinfectant contact
time within
mixing basins
and storage
reservoirs must be determined
by
tracer
studies
or
an equivalent
demnonstration.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987),
as amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg.
27526,
June
29,
1989.
“Disinfection” means
a
process which inactivates
pathogenic organisms
in water
by chemical oxidants
or equivalent agents.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987),
as amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg. 27526, June 29,
1989.
104—79
-8-
“Domestic
or
other
non-distribution
system
plumbing
problem”
means
a
coliform
contamination
problem
in
a
PWS
with
more
than
one
service
connection
that
is
limited
to the specific service connection from
which
the
coliform—positive
sample
was
taken.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(1987),
as amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg. 27562, June 29,
1989.
“Dose equivalent”
means the product
of the absorbed dose from
ionizing radiation and such factors
as account
for differences
in
biological
effectiveness
due to the type of
radiation and
its
distribution
in
the body
as
specified by
the International
Coninission
on Radiological
Units
and Measurements
(ICRU).
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(1937).
“Filtration” means
a process
for removing particulate matter
from
water
by passage through porous media.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.2 (1987),
as
amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg. 21526, June 29,
1989.
“Flocculation” means
a process
to enhance agglomeration or collection
of smaller floc particles
into larger, more easily
settleable
particles through gentle
stirring by hydraulic or mechanical
means.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987),
as amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg. 27526, June 29,
1989.
“GC” means
“gas chromatography”
or
“gas-liquid
phase
chromatography”.
“GC/MS” means
GC followed
by mass
spectronietry.
“Gross
alpha
particle
activity”
means
the
total
radioactivity due
to
alpha
particle emission
as
inferred from measurements
on
a dy
s amp 1 e.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived
from
40 CFR
141.2 (1987).
“Gross boat particle activity” means
the total
radioactivity due to
beta particle emission
as
inferred from measurements
on
a dry sample.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.2
(1937).
“Groundwater
under the direct influence of surface water”
is
as
determined
in Section
611.128(a).
503RD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40 CR
141.2
(1987),
as
amended
at
54
Fed.
Reg. 21526, June 29,
1989.
“Groundwater Supply Survey” means
groundwater supply survey.
“Halogen” means one of
the chemical
elements chlorine,
bromine
or
iodine.
in /~
—
0
-9-
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987).
“HPC’
means
“heterotrophic
plate count”, measured as
specified
in
Section 611.531(c).
“Inactivation Ratio”
(Ai) means:
Ai
=
CTcalc/CT99.9
The
sum of the inactivation
ratios,
or
“total
inactivation
ratio”
(B)
is
calculated
by adding together the inactivation
ratio for
each
disinfection
sequence:
B
=
SUM(Ai)
A total
inactivation
ratio
equal
to
or greater than 1.0
is assumed
to
provide
a 3—log
inactivation
of Giardia lamblia
cysts.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from the definition
of
“CT”
in
40 CFR
141.2
(1987),
as amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg.
27526, June
29,
1989.
“Legionella” means
a genus
of bacteria,
some species
of which have
caused
a
type of pneumonia called Legionnaires
Disease.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived
fromn 40 CFR
141.2
(1987),
as
amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg.
27526, June 29,
1989.
“Man-made beta particle
and photon emitters” means
all
radionuclides
emitting beta particles and/or photons
listed
in Maximum Permissible
Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible Concentration
of Radionuclides
in Air or Water for Occupational
Exposure, NBS Handbook
69, except
the daughter products of thorium-232,
uranium-235 and uranium-238.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987).
“Maximum contaminant
level”
(“MCL”) means the maximum permissible
level
of
a contaminant
in water which
is delivered
to the free
flowing outlet
of the ultimate user of
a PWS, except
in
the
case of
turbidity where the maximum permissible
level
is measured
at the
point
of entry
to
the distribution system. Contaminants added
to the
water under circumstances controlled
by the user,
except those
resulting from corrosion
of piping
and plumbing caused
by water
quality,
are excluded from this definition.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987).
“Maximum contaminant
level
goal”
(“MCLG”
or “MCL
goal”) means the
maximum level
of
a contaminant
in drinking water
at which
no known
or
anticipated adverse effect
on the
health
of persons would
occur,
and
which
includes an adequate margin
of safety.
MCL goals are
nonenforceable health
goals.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987).
10481
-10-
“Maximum Total
Trihalomethane Potential
(MTP)” means
the maximum
concentration
of
total
THris
produced
in
a
given
water
containing
a
disinfectant residual
after
7 days
at
a temperature
of
25 dog.
C
or
above.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.2
(1987).
“Near
the first
service connection”
means
at one of the
20 percent
of
all
service connections
in the entire
system that are nearest
the
water supply treatment
facility,
as measured
by water transport time
within the distribution
system.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987),
as
amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg.
27562, June 29,
1989.
“Non—transient non—community water
system”
(“NTNCWS”) means
a PWS
that
is
not
a
CWS
and
that
regularly
serves
at
least
25
of the
same
persons over
6 months
per year.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived
from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987),
as amended
at
52 Fed.
Reg. 25712, July 8,
1987.
“NPDWR”
means
“national
primary drinking water
regulation”.
“NTU”
or “TU” means “turbidity
units”.
“P-A Coliform Test” means
“Presence—Absence Coliform Test”.
“Performance
evaluation
sample”
means
a
reference
sample
provided
to
a laboratory for the
purpose
of demonstrating that
the laboratory can
successfully
analyze
the
sample within limits
of performance
speci H ed
by
the
Agency,
The
true
value
of
the
coacaae ration
of
the
reference
material
is
unHiown
to
the
laboratory
at
~he time
of
the
analysis.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.2
(1987).
“Person”
means
an
individual,
corporation,
company, association,
partnership, State, municipality
or Federal
agency.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.2 (1987).
“Picocurie
(pCi)”
means the
quantity
of
radioactive material
producing 2.22 nuclear transformations
per minute.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from 40
CFR
141.2
(1987).
“Point
of
disinfectant application”
is
the point where the
disinfectant
is
applied
and water downstream
of
that
point
is
not
subject
to
recontamination by
surface water runoff.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived
from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987),
as
amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg.
27526, June
29,
1989.
104-92
—11—
“Point-of-entry
treatment
device”
is
a
treatment
device
appi led
to
the
drinking
water
entering
a
house
or
building
for
the
purpose
of
reducing contaminants
in
the drinking water distributed throughout
the house
or building.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987),
as amended
at
52 Fed.
Reg.
25712, July 8,
1987.
“Point-of-use treatment device”
is
a treatment device
applied
to
a
single tap used for the purpose
of reducing contaminants
in drinking
water
at
that
one tap.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987),
as
amended
at
52 Fed.
Reg.
25712,
July
8,
1987.
“Public water system’
(“PWS’) means
a system for
the provision to
the
public
of
piped water for
human
consumption,
if
such system
has at
least fifteen
service connections
or regularly serves
an average
of
at
least
twenty-five
individuals daily
at
least
60 days out
of
the
year. Such term includes:
Any collection,
treatment,
storage and distribution
facilities
under control
of the operator of
such system and
used primarily
in
connection with such system,
and:
Any collection
or pretreatment
storage facilities not under such
control
which are
used primarily
in
connection with such system.
A
PWS
is either
a ‘CWS”
or
a “nonCWS.”
“CWS”
means
a PWS which serves
at
least
15 service connections
used by year—round residents or
regularly serves
at least
25
year-round
residents.
“Non-CWS” means
a PWS that
is
not
a CWS.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987).
“Rem” means the unit
of dose equivalent from ionizing radiation to
the total
body
or
any internal
organ
or
organ system.
A “millirem
(mrem)”
is
1/1000 of
a
rem.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987).
“Residual
disinfectant concentration”
(“RDC”
or “C”
in CT
calculations) means the concentration
of disinfectant
measured
in
mg/L
in
a representative sample
of water.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived
from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987),
as amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg.
27526, June 29,
1989.
‘1SDWA” means the Public
Health Service Act,
as amended
by the
Safe
Drinking Water Act,
Pub.
L.
93—523,
42 U.S.C.
300f
et seq.
104-93
—12—
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987).
“Sanitar~ survey” means
an
onsite review of the water
source,
fad
itie,
eauipaent, operation and maintenance
of
a PWS
for the
pur
so
of evalu~cingthe adequacy of such source, facilities,
eq~ipment,operation
and maintenance for producing and distributing
safe drinking water.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987).
“Sedimentation” means
a process
for removal
of solids before
filtration by
gravity
or separation.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived
from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987),
as amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg.
27526, June 29,
1989.
“Slow sand filtration” means
a process
involving passage
of
raw water
through
a
bed
of
sand
at
low velocity (generally
less than 0.4 m/h)
resulting
in substantial
particulate
removal
by physical
and
biological
mechanisms.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived
from 40 CFR 141.2
(1987),
as amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg.
27526, June 29,
1989.
“Standard sample” means
the
aliquot
of
finished drinking water that
is
examined
for
the
presence
of
coliform
bacteria.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CR
141.2
(1987).
“Supplier of water” means
any person who owns
or operates
a
PWS.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from 40 CR
141.2
(1937).
‘Surface
water”
acans
all
wate~ which
is
open
to
the atmosphere
ant
subject
to
surface
runoff.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CR
141.2
(1987),
as
amended
at
54
Fed.
Reg. 27526, June 29,
1989.
“System with
a
single service
connection”
means
a system which
supplies drinking water
to
consumers v~aa single service
line.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40
CR
141.2
(1987),
as
amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg.
27562 June
29,
1989.
“Too numerous
to count”
means
that the total
number
of bacterial
cal oni as
e\ceeds
200
on
a
47-inc
diameter
i;~em’.ibrane filter
used
for
coliform detection.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CR
141.2
(1987),
as
amended
at
54
Fed.
Reg. 27562, June 29,
1989.
“Total
trihalomethanes”
(TTHM)
means
the
sum
of
the
concentration
in
1r)4-n4
—13—
milligrams
per liter
of trihalomethanes,
rounded
to
two
significant
figures.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987).
“Trihalomethane”
(THM)
means
one
of
the family
of
organic compounds,
named
as
derivatives
of methane, wherein three
of the
fOur hydrogen
atoms
in methane
are each substituted
by
a
halogen atom
in the
molecular
structure.
The THM are:
Trichloromethane (chloroform),
Dibromochloromethane,
Bromodichloromethane
and
Tribromomethane
(bromoform)
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987).
“Virus” means
a virus
of
fecal
origin which
is
infectious
to
humans
by waterborne transmission.
“VOC” means
“volatile organic compound”.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987),
as amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg.
27526,
June 29,
1989.
“Waterborne
disease outbreak” means
the significant
occurance
of
acute
infectious illness, epidemioiogically associated with
the
ingestion of water
from
a PWS which
is deficient
in treatment,
as
determined
by the appropriate
local
or State
agency.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.2
(1987),
as amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg.
27526,
June
29,
1989.
“Wellhead
Protection
Program”
means
a
wellhead
protection
program
developed under Section
1428 of the SDWA.
See
35 Ill. Adm. Code
615
through 617.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.71(b)
(1987),
adopted
at
54 Fed.
Reg.
27526,
June
29,
1989.
Section
611.102
Incorporations
by
Reference
a)
Abbreviations.
The following abbreviated
names
are
used for
materials
incorporated
by
reference:
“ASTM” means American Society for Testing and Materials
“Indigo Method”
is
as
described
in “Determination of Ozone
in
Water
by
the
Indigo
Method”,
available
from
Ozone
Science
and
Engi neeri ny.
104
-14-
“Inductively Coupled Plasma Method” means
“Inductively Coupled
Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometric Method for Trace Element
Analysis
in
Water
and
Wastes
—-
Method
200.7”,
available
from
U SE PA
“Inorgani’. Methods” means
“M~t~j5
for rtenical Analysis
of
Water anc hastes”,
r,ailable
fromn NTIS
“Microbiological
Methods” means
“Microbiological Methods for
Monitoring the Environment,
Water and Wastes”, available from
NTIS.
“Minimal Medium 0MPG—MUG Method”
is
as
set
forth
in
“National
Field Evaluation
of
a Defined Substrate Method
for the
Simultaneous
Detection of Total
Coliforms and Escherichia Coli
from Drinking Water:
Comparison with
the Standard Multiple Tube
Fermentation Method”, available from the American Water Works
Association Research Foundation.
“NTIS” means
“National Technical Information Service”.
“Organic Methods” means
“Methods
for the Determination of
Organic Compounds
in Finished Drinking Water and Raw Source
Water”, available from USEPA.
“Pesticide Methods”
means
“Methods for Organochlorine Pesticides
and Chloro-phenoxy Acid Herbicides
in Drinking Water and Raw
Source Water”,
available from USEPA.
“Radiochemical Methods” means
“Inte’~imRadiochemical Methodology
for Drinking Water”, available from USEPA.
“SPE
Test
Method’
means
“Solid
Phase
Extractica
Test
M:thad~,
available
from
J.T.
Baker
Chemical
Company
“Standard
Methods”,
means
“Standard
Methods
for’
the
Examination
of
Water
and
Wastewater”,
available
from
tne
American
Public
Health Association.
“Technicon
Method”
means
“Fluoride
in
Water
and
Wastewater”,
available from Technicon.
“USGS Method” means
“United States Geological
Survey Method”
b)
The Board
incorporates
the following publications by
reference:
American Public
Health Association
et
al.,
1015 Fifteenth
Street,
N.W., Washington,
D.C.
20085
Standard Methods
for the Exami nation
of Water
and
Wastewater,
17th Edition,
1989
ASTM.
American Society for Testing
and
Materials,
1975 Race
Street, Philadelphia, PA
19103
104--9$5
—15—
ASTM
Method
D858-88,
“Standard
Test
Methods
for
Manganese
in Water”, approved August
19,
1988.
ASTM Method D1O67-88, “Standard Test Methods for Acidity
or
Alkalinity
of Water”, approved August
19,
1988.
ASTM Method D1068-88, “Standard Test Methods
for Iron
in
Water”, approved August
19,
1988.
ASTM Method D1126-86,
“Standard Test Method for Hardness
in
Water,
approved August
29,
1988.
ASTM Method D1179-88, “Standard Test Methods for Fluoride
in Water”, approved August
19,
1988.
ASTM Method D1293-84,
“Standard Test Methods for
pH
of
Water”, approved October
26,
1984.
ASTM Method D1428-82,
“Standard Test Methods for Sodium and
Potassium
in Water
and Water-Formed Deposits
by Flame
Photometry”,
approved October
29,
1982.
ASTM Method
D1687-86, “Standard Test Methods for Chromium
in Water”, approved April
25,
1986
ASTM Method D1688-88, “Standard Test Methods for Copper
in
Water”,
approved August
19,
1988.
ASTM Method D1691-88, “Standard Test Methods for Zinc
in
Water”,
approved August
19,
1988.
ASTM
Method
D2036-87,
“Standard
Test
Method
for
Cyanides
in
Water”,
approved May 29,
1987.
ASTM Method D2459—72,
“Standard Test Method for Gamma
Spectrometry
in
Water,”
1975,
reapproved
1981,
discontinued
1988.
ASTM Method D2907-83, “Standard Test Methods for
Microquantities of Uranium
in Water
by Fluorometry”,
approved
May
27,
1983.
ASTM
Method
D2972—88,
“Standard
Test
Methods
for
Arsenic
in
Water”,
approved
June
24,
1988.
ASTM Method D3O86-85,
“Standard Test Methods for
Organochlorine
Pesticides
In
Water”,
November
29,
1985.
ASTM Method D3223—86,
“Standard Test Method for Total
Mercury
in
Water”,
approved
February
28,
1986.
ASTM
Method
D3478-85,
“Standard
Test
Method
for
Chlorinated
Phenoxy
Acid
Herbicides
in
Water”,
approved
November
29,
104—97
-16-
1985.
ASTM Method D3557-84, “Standard Test Methods for Cadmium in
Water”, approved January 27,
1984,
reapproved 1988.
ASTM Method D3559-85,
“Standard Test Methods for Lead
In
Water”, approved September 27, 1985.
ASTM Method D3859-88,
“Standard Test Methods for Selenium
In Water”, approved June 24,
1988.
ASTM Method D3867-85,
“Standard Test Methods for Nitrite-
Nitrate In Water”, approved August 30, 1985.
AWWA.
American Water Works Association,
6666 West Quincy
Avenue, Denver, CO
80235:
ANSI/AWWA C400-80,
“AWWA Standard for Asbestos-Cement
Distribution Pipe, 4 In. through 16 In.
(100am through
400am) NPS, for Water and Other Liquids”, approved June 15,
1980;
and, Erratum, April,
1981.
American Waterworks Research Foundation, 6666 West Quincy
Avenue, Denver, CO
80235
“National
Field Evaluation of a Defined Substrate Method
for the Simultaneous Detection of Total Coliforms and
Escherlchla Coli
from Drinking Water:
Comparison with
Presence—Absence Techniques”,
(Edberg et al.) Applied and
Environmental Microbiology,
Volume 55, pp. 1003
-
1008,
AprIl,
1989.
Minimal Medium OIIPG—HUG Method:
“National
Field Evaluation
of a Defined Substrate lietnod for the Simultaneous
Detection of Total Coliforms and Escherichia Coll
from
Drinking Water:
Comparison with the Standard Hultiple Tube
Fermentation Method”,
(Edberg et al.) Applied and
Environmental Microbiology, Volume 54, pp.
1595
-
1601,
June 1988,
as amended under Erratum, Applied and
Environmental Microbiology,
Volume 54, p.
3197, December,
1988.
Amco Standards International, Inc., 230 Polaris Avenue, No. C,
Mountain View, CA
94403:
Amco-AEPA-1
polymer
ERDA
Health
and
Safety
Laboratory,
~1ed
York,
:iy
HASL
Procedure
Manual,
HASL
300,
1973
J.
T.
Baker
Chemical
Company, 22 Red School Lane, Phillipsburg,
NJ
08865
104—83
—17—
Solid Phase Extract
(SPE) Test Method Number SPE—55O
NTIS.
National Technical
Information Service,
5285 Port Royal
Road,
Springfield,
VA
22161
(703)
487-4600.
“Methods
of
for Chemical Analysis
of Water and Wastes”,
J.
Kopp
and D. McGee, Third Edition,
March,
1979.
EPA-600/4-
79-020,
Doc. No. PB84-128677
“Microbiological Methods for Monitoring the Environment:
Water and Wastes”,
R. Bodner and
J.
Winter, 1978.
EPA—
600/8-78-017
Ozone Science
and Engineering,
Pergamon
Press Ltd.,
Fairview
Park,
Elmsford,
NY
10523
Indigo Method:
“Determination
of Ozone
in Water
by the
Indigo Method”
(Bader
and Hoigne),
United States Department
of Commerce
“Maximum Permissible Concentration
of Radionuclides
in Air
or Water for Occupational
Exposure”, NBS
Handbook
69,
as
amended August,
1963
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency,
(202)
382-4359
“The
Analysis
of
Trihalomethanes
in Drinking Waters
by the
Purge
and Trap Method”, Method
501.1.
See 40 CFR
141,
Subpart
C, Appendix
C.
“The Analysis
of Trihalomethanes
in Drinking Water
by
Liquid/Liguid
Extraction,”
Method
501.2
See
40
CFR
141,
Subpart
C, Appendix
C.
“Inductively Coupled Plasma—Atomic Emission Spectrometric
Method
for Trace Element Analysis
in Water
and Wastes
—-
Method 200.7, with Appendix
to Method 200.7”
entitled,
“inductively Coupled Plasma—Atomic Emission Analysis
of
Drinking Water”, March
1987.
See 40 CFR
136, Appendix
C.
“Interim Radiochemical Methodology for Drinking Water”,
EPA-600/4-75-O08
“Methods
for
the
Determination
of
Organic
Compounds
in
Finished Drinking Water
and Raw Source Water”, September,
1986
“Methods
for Organochlorine Pesticides
and Chloro—phenoxy
Acid
Herbicides
in
Drinking
Water
and
Raw
Source
Water”
“Methods
of for Chemical Analysis
of Water and Wastes”.
See
NTIS
104-89
-18-
Microbiological
Methods
for
Monitoring
the
Environment,
Water
and Wastes”.
See NTIS
“Procedures for Radiochemical Analysis
of Nuclear Reactor
Aqueous Solutions”,
H.L. Krieger and S.
Gold,
EPA—R4—73—
014, May,
1973.
United States
Environmental
Protection
Agency,
Science
and
Technology Branch, Criteria
and Standards Division, Office
of
Drinking
Water,
Washington
D.C.
20460
“Guidance Manual
for Compliance with the Filtration and
Disinfection Requirements for Public Water Systems using
Surface Water Sources”, Draft, March
31,
1989
USGS.
United States
Geological
Survey.
Techniques
of Water Resources Investigation
of the United
States Geological
Survey,
Chapter A—i, “Methods
for Determination of Inorganic
substances
in Water and Fluvial Sediments”,
Book
5,
1979
Chapter A—3,
“Gas Chromatographic Methods
for Analysis
of Organic Substances
in Water,” Book
5,
1971
Technicon Industrial
Systems, Tarrytown,
NY
10591
“Fluoride
in Water and Wastewater”, Industrial
Method #129—
71W, December, 1972
‘Fluoride
in
Water
and Waste
ater’, #30~75t, Febraary,
1976
c~
The
Board
incorporates
the
following
federal
regulations
by
reference:
40 CFR
136, Appendix
B and
C
(1989)
40 CFR
141,
Subpart
C, Appendix
C
(1989).
d)
This Part incorporates
no
future amendments
or editions.
Section 611.108
Delegation
to Local
Government
The Agency may delegate portions
of
its
inspection,
investigating and
enforcement
functions
to units
of
local
government
pa rsuant to Secti on
4(r)
of
the Act.
Section
611.109
Enforcement
a)
Any person may file
an
enforcement action
pursuant to Title VIII
of
the
Act.
I
04—90
—19-
b)
The
results
of monitoring
required under this Pa~tmay
be
used
in
an
enforcement
action.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR 141.22(e),
as
amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg.
27526, June 29,
1989,
and from 40 CFR
141.23(e)(4),
as amended
at
53 Fed.
Reg.
5146,
February
19,
1988.
Section 611.110
Coverage
This Part applies
to each PWS,
unless the
PWS meets
all
of the following
conditions:
a)
Consists only of distribution
and
storage facilities
(and
does not
have any coil ection
arid treatment
facilities);
b)
Obtains
all
of
its
water from,
hut
is
not
owned
or operated by,
a PWS
to which such regulations apply;
c)
Does
not sell
water to
any person;
and
d)
Is
not
a
carrier which conveys passengers
in
interstate
corriiierce.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.3
(1987).
Section 611.111
Section
1415 Variances
This Section
is intended
as
a State equivalent
of Section 1415(a)(1)(A) of
the
SDWA.
a)
The Board
may
grant
a PWS
a variance from
a NPDWR
in this Part.
1)
The PWS
shall
file
a variance petition pursuant to
35 111. Adm.
Code
104,
except
as modified
or supplemented by
this Section.
2)
The Board may
grant
a variance from the additional
State
requirements
in this Part without following this Section.
b)
As
part of the showing
of arbitrary or unreasonable hardship, the PWS
shall
demonstrate
that:
1)
Because
of
characteristics
of
the
raw
water
sources
which
are
reasonably
available
to
the
systems,
the PWS cannot meet
the MCL
or other
requirement;
and
2)
The system
has applied
BAT
as identified
in this Part.
BAT may
vary depending on:
A)
The
number
of
persons
served
by
the
system;
B)
Physical
conditions
related
to engineering feasibility;
and
C)
Costs
of compliance;
and
104-91
-20-
3)
The variance will
not
result
in
an unreasonable
risk
to
health.
c)
The Board will
prescribe
a schedule for:
1)
Compliance,
including
incrLmments
of
projress,
by
the
PUS,
with
each MCL
or other
requirement with respect
to which
the variance
was
granted,
and
2)
Implementation
by the PWS of
each additional
control
measure for
each
MCL
or
other
requirement,
during
the period
ending on
the
date compliance with
such requirement
is
required.
d)
A
schedule of compliance will
require compliance with each MCL
or
other
requirement
with
respect
to
which
the
variance
was
granted
as
expeditiously
as
practicable.
e)
The Board will
provide notice
and opportunity for
a public
hearing
as
provided
in
35
Ill.
Adm. Code
104.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from Section 1415(a)(i)(A) of the SDWA.
f)
The Board will
not
grant
a variance from the
MCL
for
total
coliforms
or
from any of the treatment technique requirements
of Subpart
B.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.4
(1937),
as amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg. 27562, June 29,
1989.
Section 611.112
Section 1416 Variances
This Section
is
intended
as
a State equivalent
of Section 1416 of
the
SDWA.
a)
The
Board may grant
a
PUS
a
variance
from
any
requi re;nent resptictins
an
MCL
or
treatment
technique
requi
rement
of
an
NPDWR
in
this
Part.
1)
The PUS
shall
file
a
variance petition pursuant to
35 Ill.
Adin.
Code
104,
except
as modified
or supplemented
by this Section.
2)
The Board may
grant
a variance from the additional
State
requirements
in
this Part without following this Section.
b)
As
part of the showing
of arbitrary
or unreasonable
hardship,
the
PttS
shall
demonstrate
that:
1)
Due
to compelling
factors
(which may
include economic factors),
the PUS
is
unable
to comply with the MCL
or treatment technique
requi
rement;
2)
The PWS was:
A)
In
operation
on
the
effective
date
of the MCL or treatment
technique requirement;
or
104-np
—21-
B)
Not
in operation
on
the
effective date of the
MCL
or
treatment technique requirement
and no reasonable
alternative
source
of drinking water
is
available to the
PUS;
and
3)
The variance will
not
result
in
an
unreasonable
risk
to
health.
c)
The Board will
prescribe
a schedule for:
1)
Compliance,
including increments
of progress,
by the
PWS, with
each MCL
and treatment technique requirement
with respect
to
which the variance was
granted,
and
2)
Implementation
by the
PUS
of
each
additional
control
measure for
each contaminant,
subject
to the MCL
or treatment technique
requirement, during the
period
ending
on the date compliance
with
such requirement
is
required.
d)
A schedule of
compliance will
require compliance with each
MCL
or
other
requirement with respect
to which the variance was granted
as
expeditiously
as practicable;
but
no schedule
shall
extend more than
12 months
after the
date of the variance, except
as follows:
1)
The Board
may extend the date
for
a period
not to
exceed three
years beyond the date of the variance if the PUS establishes:
that
it
is
taking
all
practicable
steps
to meet
the standard;
and:
A)
The
PWS cannot meet the
standard without
capital
improvements which cannot
be completed within
12 months;
B)
In the
case of
a PUS which
needs financial
assistance for
the necessary improvements, the PWS
has
entered
into an
agreement
to obtain such financial
assistance;
or
C)
The
PWS
has
entered
into
an
enforceable
agreement
to
become
a part of
a regional
PWS;
and
2)
In the
case of
a PUS with
500 or fewer
service connections,
and
which needs
financial
assistance for the necessary improvements,
a
variance under
subsections
(d)(1)(A)
or
(B) may be
renewed for
one
or more additional
two year periods
if the PWS establishes
that
it
is taking
all practicable
steps
to meet the
final
date
for
compliance.
e)
The Board will
provide notice
and
opportunity for
a public
hearing
as
provided
in
35
Ill.
Adm. Code
104.
f)
The Agency shall
promptly send USEPA the Opinion and Order
of the
Board granting
a variance pursuant to
this Section.
The Board may
reconsider
and
modify
a
grant
of
variance,
or
variance
conditions,
if
USEPA notifies
the Board
of
a
finding pursuant to Section
1416 of the
SDWA.
104—93
—22—
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from Section 1416 of the SDWA.
g)
The Board will
not
grant
a
variance from the MCL for total
coliforms
or from any of the treatment technique requirements of Subpart
B.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.4
(1987),
as
amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg. 27562, June 29,
1989.
Section 611.113
Alternative Treatment Techniques
This Section
is
intended
to
be equivalent to Section
1415(a)(3)
of the SDWA.
a)
Pursuant to
this Section,
the Board may grant
an adjusted standard
from a
treatment technique requirement.
b)
The PWS seeking
an adjusted standard
shall
file
a petition pursuant
to
35 Ill. Adm. Code
106.
c)
As justification
the PUS shall
demonstrate that an alternative
treatment technique
is
at least
as effective
in
lowering the
level
of
the contaminant with respect
to which
the treatment technique
requirement was prescribed.
d)
As
a
condition of any adjusted standard, the Board will
require the
use
of
the
alternative
treatment
technique.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from Section 1415(a)(3)
of the SDWA.
Section
611.114
Siting requirements
Before
a person enters
into
a financial
commitment
for or initiates
construction
of
a
new
PUS
or
increases
the
ca~ci~yof
an
cxistiR
Pb/C,
the
person
shall
obtain
a constructi
on
permit
Pu rs jant
to
33
Ill
.
Cdx,
Code
602.101
and,
to the extent practicable,
avoid
locating part or
all
of the
new
or expanded facility at
a site which:
a)
Is subject
to
a significant
risk from earthquakes, floods,
fires
or
other disasters which
could
cause
a breakdown of the
PWS or
a
portion
of the PWS;
or
b)
Except for
intake structures,
is
within the floodplain
of
a 100—year
flood.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.5
(1987).
Section
611.120
Effective dates
Except
as otherwise provided, this Part becomes effective when filed.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.60
(1987),
as amended
at
52 Fed.
Reg.
25712, July 8,
1987.
Section 611.124
Cross Connections
104
94
—23-
a)
No person
shall
cause
or allow
a physical
connection between the
distribution system and any other water not
of equal
or better
bacteriological
and chemical
quality, except
as provided
in
subsection
(d).
b)
No person
shall
cause
or allow an
arrangement
or connection
by which
an unsafe
substance may enter the distribution system.
c)
Control
of
all
cross connections
to
the distribution
system
is the
~esponsibiuity
of the PUS.
1)
If
a privately owned water supply meets the applicable criteria,
it may
be connected to
a PWS
upon approval
by the PUS
and by the
Agency.
2)
Whe~’esuch connections
are made,
it
is the responsibility of
the
PUS to assure
submission from such privately owned water
supply
samples
and operating
reports
required by this Part
as
applicable
to the cross-connected
source.
d)
The Agency may,
by permit
condition,
control
unsafe cross
connecti ons.
BOARD MOTE:
This
is
an additional
State requirement.
Section
611.125
Fluoridation Requirement
All
supplies which
are required to
add fluoride to the water
shall
maintain
a
fluoride
ion concentration reported
as
F
of 0.9
to 1.2 mg/i
in
its
distribution system, as.required
by Section 7(a)
of
“An Act to provide
for
safeguarding the
public health
by
vesting certain measures
of control
and
supervision
in
the Department
of Public Health over Public Water Supplies
in
the State”,
Ill. Rev.
Stat.
1987,
ch.
iii
1/2,
par.
121(g)(1).
BOARD NOTE:
This
is
an additional
State
requirement.
Section 611.126
Prohibition
on Use of Lead
a)
In
general
1)
Prohibition.
Any pipe,
solder
or flux,
shall
be lead free,
as
defined
by subsection
(d),
if
it
is
used after June
19,
1986,
in
the installation
or
repair of:
A)
Any PWS,
or
B)
Any plumbing
in
a
residential
or nonresidential
facility
providing water for human consumption which
is
connected to
104-95
-24-
a PWS. This subsection does
not
apply to
leaded joints
necessary for the repair
of cast iron pipes.
2)
Each PWS
shall
identify and provide notice
to persons
that may
be affected by lead
contamination
of
their
drinking
water
where
suct contaminaton
results from either
or both of the following:
A)
The
lead content
in the construction materials of the PWS
distribution system;
or
B)
Corrosivity
of the water supply sufficient
to cause
leaching of
lead.
C)
Notice must be provided notwithstanding the absence
of
a
violation of any NPDWR.
The manner and form of
notice are
specified
in Section 611.861
et seq.
d)
Definition
of lead free.
For purposes of
this Section,
the term “lead
free”:
1)
When used with respect
to solders
and flux,
refers
to solders
and flux containing
not more than
0.2 percent lead,
and
2)
When used with respect
to
pipes
and pipe fittings,
refers to
pipes
and
pipe fittings containing
not more than 8.0 percent
lead.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.43
(1987).
SUBPART
B:
FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION
Section 611.128
Agency Determinations
a)
The
Agency
shall
determine
that
filtration
is
requi
red
unless
the P43
meets
the
fol lowing
criteria:
1)
Source water quality criteria:
A)
Coliforms, see Section 611.131(a)
B)
Turbidity, see Section 611.131(b)
2)
Site specfic criteria:
A)
Disinfection,
see Section
611.141(b)
B)
Watershed cont”ol,
see Section 611.132(b)
C)
On-site inspection,
see Section 611.132(c)
0)
Absence
of waterborne disease outbreaks,
see Section
611.132(d)
104—96
E)
Total
coliforrn MCL,
see Sections 611.132(e) and 611.360.
F)
TTHMs MCL, see Section 611.310.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.71,
adopted
at
54 Fed.
Reg.
54 Fed.
Reg. 27526, June 29,
1989,
and from the
Preamble
at
54 Fed. Reg. 27505, June 29,
1989.
b)
The Agency
shall
determine with information provided
by the
PWS
whether
a PWS uses “groundwater under the direct
influence of surface
water”
on
an individual
basis.
The Agency
shall
determine that
a
groundwater source
is under the direct
influence of
surface water
based
upon:
1)
Physical characteristics
of the
source:
whether the
source
is
obviously
a surface water source,
such
as
a
lake or stream.
Other
sources which may be
subject
to
influence from surface
waters
include:
springs,
infiltration galleries, wells
or other
collectors
in
subsurface aquifers.
2)
Well
construction characteristics
and geology with field
eval uation.
A)
The Agency may use the wellhead protection program’s
requirements, which
include delineation of wellhead
protection
areas, assessment
of
sources
of contamination
and implementation
of management
control
systems,
to
determine if the wellhead
is
under the influence of surface
water.
B)
Wells less than or equal
to
50 feet
in depth are
likely to
be under the influence of surface water.
C)
Wells
greater than
50 feet
in
depth are likely to
be under
the influence of
surface water,
unless
they include:
i)
A
surface sanitary seal
using bentonite clay,
concrete
similar material.
ii)
A well
casing that penetrates consolidated (slowly
permeable)
material.
iii) A well
casing that
is only perforated
or screened
below consolidated
(slowly permeable) material.
D)
A source which
is
less than
200 feet from any surface water
is likely
to
be under the influence of surface water
3)
Any structural
modifications
to prevent
the direct influence of
surface water
and eliminate the potential
for Giardia lamblia
cyst contamination.
4)
A source water
quality records
should indicate:
104-97
-26-
A)
No
record
of
total
coliform
or
fecal
col iform
contamination
in untreated samples collected over the past three years.
B)
Mo history
of turbidity problems associated with the
source.
C)
Me Cstory
of known
or
suspected outbreak of Giardia
lamblia
or other pathogenic organism associated with
surface water
(e.g.
cryptosporidium), which
has been
attributed
to that source.
5)
Significant
and
relati vely rapid
shifts
in water
characteristics
such
as turbidity,
temperature,
conductivity
or
pH.
A)
A variation
in turbity of 0.5 NTU
over one year
is
indicative
of surface
influence.
B)
A variation in temperature
of
2 Celsius
degrees over one
year
is
indicative
of surface influence.
6)
Significant and relatively
rapid shifts
in water characteristics
such
as
turbidity,
temperature,
conductivity
or
pH which
closely
correlate to
climatological
or surface water conditions are
indicative of
surface water influence.
A)
No evidence of particulate matter associated with
the
surface water.
B)
No turbidity or temperature
data which correlates
to that
of
a
nearby water source.
7)
Particulate analysis:
Significant occurance of insects
or
other
macrcorganisms,
algae
or
large
diameter pathogens
such
as
Giandia
lamblia
is
indicative
of
surface
iaflueace.
A)
“Large
diameter’
particulates
are
those
over
7
micrometers.
B)
Particulates must he measured
as specified
in
Standard
Methods, Method 912K,
incorporated by
reference in Section
611.102.
8)
The potential
for contamination
by small-diameter pathogens,
such
as
bacteria
or viruses, does not
alone
render the source
“under the direct
influence of surface water”.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from the definition
of “groundwater under
the
direct
influence
of
surface
water”
in
40
CFR
141.2,
adopted
at
54
Fed.
Peg.
27526,
June
29,
1989;
from
the
Preamble
at
54
Fed.
Reg.
27489, June 29,
1989;
and
from
the
USEPA
Guidance
Manual
for Compliance with Filtration and Disinfection
Requirements,
incorporated
by reference
in Section 611.102.
c)
The Agency
shall
determine that
a system
has
no
means
for having
a
104-98
sample analyzed for HPC
if:
1)
There
is
no certified laboratory which can analyze the sample
within the
time and temperatures
specified
in Standard Methods,
Method 907A,
incorporated
by
reference in Section 611.102,
consi den ng:
A)
Transportation time to
the nearest laboratory pursuant to
Section 611.490;
and
B)
Based
on the size of the PWS, whether
it
should
acquire in-
house laboratory capacity to measure HPC;
and
2)
The PWS
is providing adequate disinfection
in the distribution
system,
considering:
A)
Other measurements which
show the presence of RDC
in the
distribution
system;
B)
The
size of the distribution system;
C)
The adequacy of the PUS’s
cross connection
control
program.
BOARD MOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.72(a)(4)(ii),
adopted
at
54 Fed. Reg.
54 Fed. Reg. 27526, June 29,
1989,
and from
the Preamble at
54 Fed.
Reg.
27495, June
29,
1989.
d)
The Agency
shall
notify each PUS
in writing
of the date on which any
demonstrations pursuant to
the Section are required.
1)
The Agency
shall
require demonstrations at times which meet the
USEPA requirements
for that type of demonstration, allowing
sufficient time for the PWS to
collect the necessary
information.
2)
The demonstration date
is
a
permit condition which may be
appealed to the Board.
e)
The Agency
shall
make
all
determinations in writing.
The
determination
is
a
condition of the PWS permit,
and may
be appealed
as
a modification of that permit.
Section 611.129
General Requirements
a)
The requirements
of this Subpart constitute
national
primary drinking
water
regulations.
This Subpart establishes
criteria under which
filtration
is required as
a treatment technique for
PUSs supplied by
a
surface water source and
PUSs supplied by
a
groundwater source
under the direct
influence of
surface water.
In addition, these
regulations establish treatment technique requirements
in
lieu of
MCLs for the following contaminants:
Giardia lamblia, viruses, HPC
bacteria, Legionella
and turbidity.
Each PWS with
a surface water
source
or a groundwater source under the direct influence of surface
water
shall
provide treatment of that source water that complies with
104—99
-28-
these treatment technique requirements.
The treatment technique
requirements
consist
of
installing and properly operating water
treatment processes which
reliably achieve:
1)
At least
99.9 percent
(3—log) removal
or inactivation
of Giardia
iambi ia cysts between
a point where the
raw water
is
not subject
to recontamination
by surface water runoff and
a
point
downstream before
or
at the first
customer; and
2)
At least
99.99 percent
(4—log) removal
or inactivation of
viruses
between
a point where the
raw water
is
not subject
to
recontamination
by
surface
water
runoff
and
a point downstream
before
or
at
the
first
customer.
b)
A
PWS using
a
surface water source
or
a groundwater source under the
direct influence of
surface water
is considered
to
be
in compliance
with the requirements
of subsection
(a)
if:
1)
It meets
the requirements for avoiding filtration
in Section
611.130 and the disinfection
requirements
in Section 611.141;
or
2)
It meets
the filtration requirements
in Section 611.130 and the
disinfection requirements
in Section 611.142
c)
Each PUS
using
a surface water source
or
a groundwater
source under
the direct
influence of surface water must have
a
certi fied operator
pursuant to
35 Ill. Adm. Code 603.103.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.70
(1987),
as
amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg. 27526, June 29,
1989.
Section 611.130
Filtration Effective Dates
a)
A PUS
that
uses
a
surface
water
source
shall
meet
all
ci
the
conditions
of
Section
611.131
and
611.132,
and
is
subject
to
Section
611.133,
beginning
December
30,
1991,
unless
the Agency has
determined
that
filtration
is
required.
b)
A
PUS that uses
a groundwater source under the direct
influence of
surface water
shall
meet
all
of the conditions
of Section 611.131
and
611.132,
and
is
subject
to Section 611.133, beginning
18 months after
the Agency determines that
it
is under
the direct influence of
surface water,
or December
30,
1991,
whichever
is
later,
unless the
Agency has determined that filtration
is
required.
c)
If
the Agency determines,
before December
30,
1991,
that filtration
is
required, the system shall
have installed filtration
and shall
meet
the c~iteriafor
filtered
systems
specified
in
Sections
Section
611.142
and Section
611.150
by June 29,
1993.
d)
Within
18 months
of the
failure
of
a
system using surface water
or
a
groundwater
source under the direct
influence of surface
water
to
meet any
one of
the requirements of Section 611.131
and
611.132,
or
after June
29,
1993,
whichever
is
later,
the system shall
have
iulA--inO
-29-
installed filtration
and
meet
the
crite’-ia
for filtered systems
specified
in
Sections 611.142
and 611.150.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40 CFR
141.71 preamble
(1987),
as amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg. 27526, June 29,
1989.
Section 611.131
Source Water Quality Conditions
The Agency
shall
consider the following source water quality conditions
in
determining whether
to require filtration pursuant to Section
611.128(a):
a)
The
fecal
coliform concentration must be
equal
to
or less than 20/100
ml,
or the total
coliform concentration must be
equal
to
or less than
100/100 ml
(measured
as specified
in Section 611.531(a)
or
(b)
and
611.532(a))
in representative samples
of the source water immediately
prior
to
the first
or
only point
of
disinfectant
application
in
at
least
90 percent
of the measurements made
f~r
the
6 previous months
that
the system served water
to
the public
on
an ongoing basis.
If
a
system
measures
both
fecal
and
total
coliforms,
the
fecal
coliform
criterion, but
not tne total
coliform criterion,
in this subsection,
must
be met.
b)
The turbidity
level
cannot exceed
5 NTU
(measured
as specified
in
Section
611.531(d)
and
611.532(b)
in
representative
samples
of
the
source water immediately prior
to the
first
or only point
of
disinfectant application unless:
1)
The Agency determines
that any
such event was
caused
by
circumstances that were unusual
and unpredictable;
and
2)
As
a
result
of any
such event there have not
been more than two
events
in
the past
12 months
the
system served water
to the
public,
or more than five events
in the past
120 months the
system served
water
to the
public,
in
which the turbidity
level
exceeded
5 NTU.
An
“event”
is
a
series
of consecutive days
during which
at
least one turbidity measurement
each day exceeds
5 NTU.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.71(a)
(1987),
as amended
at
54 Fed. Reg.
27526, June 29,
1989.
c)
Each supply must take its
raw water from the best available source
which
is economically reasonable and technically possible.
BOARD NOTE:
This
is
an
additional
State requirement.
d)
Use
of
recycled sewage treatment plant
effluent
on
a
routine basis
shall
not be permitted.
BOARD NOTE:
This
is
an additional State requirement.
e)
Surface Supply
—
The quality
of surface water at the
source
shall
be
adequate to
supply
the total
water demand
of
a
community from that
source,
as well
as
a
reasonable
surplus for anticipated
growth.
104--lull
-30-
BOARD NOTE:
This
is an additional State requirement.
f)
Groundwater sup~ly
-
The qualIty of ground water from the source of
supply shall
I
adeouate to supply
the
total water demand of that
publIc water
..tpply, as well
as a reas•nable surplus for antIcipated
growth, w~th~.:
excessi’e aepletion of
the
aquifer.
BOARD NOTE:
This
Is an additIonal State requIrement.
g)
In determining the adequacy of supply for conpliance with this
section,
each indlvidual water supply shall
be considered
in relation
to the percentage of the total
requirements It is expected to
provide.
BOARD NOTE:
This
is an additional State requirement.
SectIon 611.132
Site-specific Conditions
The Agency shall
consider the following site specific criteria in determining
whether to requIre filtration pursuant to Section 611.128(a):
a)
Disinfection.
1)
The PWS shall
meet
the requirements of SectIon 611.141(a) at
least
11 of the 12 prevIous months that the system served water
to the publIc,
on an ongoing basis, unless the system fails to
meet the requirements during 2 of the 12 previous months that
the system served water to the public, and the Agency determines
that
at least one of these failures was caused by circumstances
that were unusual and unpredIctable.
2)
The PWS shall
meet the requirements of Section 611.fll(b)
dt
all
times
the
system
serves
water
to
the
public
unless
Vie
Agency
determines
that
any such failure was caused by circumstances
that
were
unusual
and
unpredictable.
3)
The PWS shall
meet the requirements of Section 611.141(c)
at all
times the system serves water to the public unless the Agency
determines that
any
such failure was caused by circumstances
that were unusual and unpredIctable.
4)
The PWS shall meet
the
requirements of Section 611.141(d) on an
ongoing basis unless the Agency determines that failure to meet
these requIrements was not caused by a deficiency in treatment
of the source water.
b)
Watershed
control
program.
The
PWS
shall
maintain
a
watershed
control
program
which
minimizes
the
potential
for
contamination
by
Giardia
lantlia
cysts and viruses In the source water.
The Agency
shall
determine whether the watershed control program Is adequate to
meet this goal.
The Agency shall determine the adequacy of a
watershed control program based
on:
1fl4-•102
—31—
1)
The comprehensiveness
of
the
watershed review;
2)
The effectiveness
of the system’s program
to monitor and control
detrimental
activities occurring
in
the watershed;
and
3)
The
the
extent
to which the water system has maximized land
ownership or controlled
land
use
within
the
watershed.
At
a
minimum,
the
watershed
control
program
must:
A)
Characterize
the
watershed
hyd rol ogy
and
land
ownership;
B)
Identify watershed characteristics
and
activities which may
have
an
adverse
effect
on
source
water
quality;
and
C)
Monitor the occurrence
of
activities which may
have
an
adverse
effect
on
source water quality.
4)
The
PUS ~halldemonstrate through ownership and/or written
agreements with landowners
within the
watershed
that
it
can
control
all
human
activities which may have
an adverse impact
on
the
mi c~obiologi ccl
qual
ity
of the source water.
The PUS
shall
submit
an
annual
report
to
the
Agency
that identifies
any
special
concerns about
the watersned and
how
they are being
handled; describes activities
in
the watershed that affect water
quality;
and projects what adverse activities are expected to
occur
in
the
future
and
describes
how
the
PWS
expects
to
address
them.
For systems
using
a groundwater source under
the direct
influence
of surface water,
an
approved welihead protection
program may be
used,
if appropriate,
to meet these
requirements.
c)
On—site
inspection.
PUS shall
be
subject
to
an annual
on-site
inspection
to
assess the watershed control program and disinfection
treatment
process.
Either the Agency
or
a
unit of
local
government
delegated pursuant to Section
611.108 shall
conduct
the inspection.
A report
of the on—site
inspection
summarizing
all
findings must
be
prepared every year.
The on—site inspection must demonstrate
that
the
watershed
control
program
and
disinfection
treatment
process
are
adequately designed
and maintained.
The on—site inspection must
include:
1)
A
review of the effectiveness of the watershed control program;
2)
A
review of the
physical
condition of
the source intake
and how
well
it
is
protected;
3)
A
review
of the
system’s equipment maintenance program to
ensure
there
is
low probability for failure
of the disinfection
process;
4)
An
inspection
of
the
disinfection
equipment
for
physical
deterioration;
5)
A review
of operating procedures;
104—103
-32—
6)
A review of data records to ensure that all
required tests are
being conducted and recorded and disinfection
is effectively
practIced;
and
7)
IdentifIcatIe’~of any In:provements whIch are needed In the
equipment, ~~stem
maInte’;ance and opcratlon or dataytem and who
have a sound understanding of public health principles and
waterborne dIseases.
A
report
of the on-site inspection
sumarizing all
findIngs must be prepared every year.
The on—
site Inspection must indicate to the Agency’s satisfaction that
the watershed control program and disinfection treatment process
are adequately designed and maintained.
The on-site inspectIon
must
include:
A)
A review of the effectiveness of the watershed control
program;
B)
A review of the physical condition of the source Intake and
how well
It is protected;
C)
A review of the system’s equipment maintenance program to
ensure there
is
low
probability for failure of the
disinfection process;
D)
An inspection of the disinfection equipment for physical
deterioration;
E)
A review of operating procedures;
F)
A review of data records to ensure that
all
requIred tests
are being conducted and recorded and disinfection
Is
effectively practiced;
and
G)
Identification of any improvements which are needed
In the
equipment, system maintenance and operation or data
collection.
d)
Absence of waterborne disease outbreaks.
The PWS shall
not have been
identified as a source of a waterborne disease outbreak, or If
it has
been so identified, the system must have been modified sufficiently
to prevent another such occurrence.
e)
Total Coliform MCL.
The PWS shall
comply with the NCL for total
coliforms
in Section 611.360 at least
11 months of the 12 previous
months that the system served water to the public,
on an ongoing
basis, unless the Agency determines that failure to meet this
requirement was not caused by a deficiency in treatment of the source
water.
f)
TTHN tEL.
The PWS shall
comply with the ICL for TTHM
In Section
611.310.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.71(b)
(1987),
as amended at
54
104—104
—33-
Fed.
Peg.
27526, June
29,
1989.
Section
611.133
Treatment
Technique
Violations
a)
A PUS
is
in
violation
of
a
treatment technique requirement
if:
1)
Filtration
is
required
because:
A)
The PUS
fails
to meet any one of
the
criteria
in Section
611.131
and 611.132;
or
B)
The Agency
has determined, pursuant
to Section 611.128(a),
that filtration
is
required;
and
2)
The PWS
fails
to
install
filtration
by the date specified
in
Section
611.130.
b)
A
PWS
which
has
not
installed filtration
is
in violation
of
a
treatment
technique
requirement
if:
1)
The turbidity
level
(measured as
specified
in Section 611.531(d)
and 611.532(b))
in
a
representative sample
of the source water
immediately prior
to the first
or only point
of disinfection
application exceeds
5 NTU;
or
2)
The system
is
identified
as
a
source
of
a waterborne disease
outbreak.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.71(c)
(1987),
as amended
at
54 Fed.
Peg. 27526, June 29,
1989.
Section
611.140
Disinfection
a)
A
PWS that uses
a
surface water source and does not provide
filtration treatment
shall
provide the disinfection treatment
specified
in Section 611.141 beginning December
30,
1991.
b)
A PUS that uses
a groundwater source
under the influence
of surface
water
and
does
not provide filtration treatment shall
provide
disinfection treatment specified
in Section 611.141 beginning
December
30,
1991,
or
18 months
after the Agency determines
that the
groundwater source
is under the influence
of
surface water, whichever
is
later,
unless
the Agency
has determined that filtration
is
requi red.
c)
If the Agency determines
that filtration
is
required, the Agency may,
by permit condition,
require the PUS to comply with
interim
disinfection
requirements
before filtration
is installed.
d)
A
system that uses
a
surface water
source that provides filtration
treatment
shall
provide
the
disinfection
treatment
specified
in
Section 611.142 beginning June 29,
1993,
or beginning when filtration
is
installed,
whichever
is later.
1ul4—ln5
-34-
e)
A system that uses a groundwater source under the direct influence of
surface water and provides filtration treatment shall
provide
disInfection treatment
as specified In Section 611.142 by June 29,
1993 or beginning when filtration Is installed, whichever is later.
f)
Failure to meet any requIrement of the following Sections after the
applIcable date specified in this Section is a treatment technique
violation.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.72
preantle
(1987),
as
amended
at
54
Fed.
Reg.
27526,
June
29,
1989.
g)
All
CWS5
shall
provide
disinfection
pursuant
to
Section
611.141
or
611.142, unless the Agency has granted the CWS an exemptIon pursuant
to Section 17.6 of the Act.
BOARD NOTE:
ThIs
is an additional
State requirement.
Section 611.141
Unfiltered PWSs
Each PWS that does not provide filtration treatment shall
provide disInfection
treatment as follows:
a)
The dIsInfection treatment must be sufficient to ensure at least 99.9
percent (3-log) Inactivation fo Giardia lamblia cysts and 99.99
percent (4—log) inactivation of viruses, every day the system serves
water to the public, except any one day each month.
Each day a
system serves water to the public, the PWS shall
calculate the CT
value(s)
from
the system’s treatment parameters using the procedure
specIfied in Section 611.532(c) and determine whether this value(s)
is sufficient to achieve the specified inactivation rates for Giardia
lamblia
cysts
and
viruses.
1)
If
a
system
uses
a
disi.nfectant
other
than
chlorine,
the
system
may
demonstrate
to
the
Agency,
through
the
use
of
an
Agency-
approved protocol for on-site disinfection challenge studies or
other
information,
that
CT99.9
values
other
than
those
specified
in Appendix B, Tables 2.1 and
3.1 or other operational
parameters are adequate to demonstrate that the system is
achieving minimum inactivation rates required by this
subsection.
2)
The demonstration must be made by way of permit application.
b)
The disinfection system must have either:
1)
Redundant components, including an auxiliary power supply with
automatic
start-up and alarm to ensure that disinfectant
application is maintained continuously while water
is being
delivered to the distribution system;
or
2)
Automatic shut-off of delivery of water to the distribution
system whenever there is
less than 0.2 mg/i. of RDC in the
water.
If the Agency determines that automatic shut-off would
104•
106
-35-
cause unreasonable risk
to health
o- inte~’ferewith fire
protection,
the
system
shall
comply
with
subsection
(b)(1).
c)
The RDC
in
the water entering the distribution
system, measured
as
specified
in
Section 611.531(e)
and 611.532(e),
cannot
be less than
0.2 mg/L
for more than 4 hours.
d)
RDC
in
the distribution
system.
1)
The
RDC
in
the
di
st”ibution
system,
measured
as
total
chlorine,
combined
chlorine
or
chlorine
dioxide,
as
specified
in
Section
Section
611.531(e)
and
611.532(e),
cannot
be
undetectable
in
more than
5 percent
of the samples each month for any two
consecutive months that the system
se~’veswater
to the
public.
Water
in
the distribution system with
HPG less than or equal
to
500/ml, measured as
specified
in Section 611.531(c),
is
deemed
to have
a
detectable RDC
for purposes
of
determining compliance
with this requi~ement.
Thus,
the value
“V’
in the following
formula cannot
exceed
5 percent
in one month,
for any two
consecutive
months.
V
=
100(c
+
d
+
e)
/
(a
+
b)
where:
a
=
Number
of
instances
where
the
RDC
is
measured.
b
=
Number
of
instances
where
the
RDC
is
not
measured,
but
HPC
is measured.
c
=
Number
of
instances where the RDC
is measured but
not
detected
and no HPC
is measj red.
d
=
Number of
instances where the RDC
is measured
but not
detected,
and
where
the
HPC
is
greater
than
500/mi
And,
e
=
Number
of
instances where the RDC
is
not measured and
HPC
is greater than
500/ml.
2)
Subsection
(d)(1)
does
not
apply
if
the
Agency
determines,
pursuant to Section
611.128(c),
that
a
PWS
has no means
for
having
a sample analyzed
for HPC.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.72(a)
(1987),
as
amended
at
54 Fed. Reg. 27526, June 29,
1989.
Section 611.142
Filtered
PWSs
Each PWS
that
provides
filtration
treatment
shall
provide
disinfection
treatment as follows:
a)
The disinfection treatment must
be
sufficient to ensure that
the
total
treatment processes
of that
system achieve
at least
99.9
104-107
-36-
percent
(3—log)
inactivation and/or
removal
of Giardia l~imblia cysts
end
at least
99.99 percent
(4—log) inactivation
and/of removal
of
i
ruses.
b)
The RDC
in
the water entering the distribution
system, measured
as
spicifler
Sectio~ 611.531(e)
and 611.533(b),
cennot
be
less than
0.2 mq/L ~ormor, ~i1an
4 hours.
c)
RDC
in
the distribution
system.
1)
The RDC
in
the distribution
system, measured as total
chlorine,
combined chlorine or chlorine dioxide,
as
specified in Section
611.531(e)
and 611.533(c),
cannot
be
undetectable
in more than
5
percent
of the
samples each month,
for any two
consecutive
months
that the system serves water
to the public.
Water
in the
distribution system with
HPC less than or
equal
to
500/ml,
measured
as
specified
in Section 611.531(c),
is
deemed
to have
a
detectable RDC
for purposes of determining compliance
with
this
requirement.
Thus,
the value
‘V”
in
the following
formula
cannot exceed
5 percent
in
one
month,
for
any
two
consecutive
months.
V
100(c
+
d
+
e)
/
(a
+
b)
where:
a
=
Number
of
instances where the RDC
is measured.
b
=
Number
of
instances where the RDC
is not measured,
but
HPC
is measured.
c
=
Number
of
instances
where
the
RDC
is
measured
hut not
cietected and no HPC
is ~es~ red,
d
=
Number
of
instances
where
the RDC
is
measured
but
not
detected,
and
wnere
HPC
is
greater
than
500/ml
.
And,
e
=
Number
of
instances
where
the
RDC
is
not
measured
and
HPC
is
greater than 500/ml.
2)
Subsection
(c)(1) does not
apply
if the Agency determines,
pursuant to Section
611.128(c),
that
a PUS has
no means
for
having
a
sample
analyzed
for
HPC.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.72(b)
(1987),
as
amended
at
54 Fed. Peg. 27526,
June 29,
1989.
Section
611.150
Filtration
A PUS that
uses
a surface
water
source
or
a
groundwater
source
under
the
direct
influence of surface water,
and does
not
meet
all
of
the
criteria
in
Section 611.131
and 611.132
for avoiding filtration,
shall
provide treatment
consisting
of both disinfection,
as
specified
in Section 611.142,
and
filtration treatment
which
complies
with
the requirements
of subsection
(a),
1O4~1OD
—37—
(b),
(c),
(d)
or
(e)
by June
29,
1993,
or within
18 months
of the failure to
meet any
one of the criteria
for avoiding filtration
in Section
611.131
and
611.132, whichever
is
later.
Failure
to meet
any requirement
after the date
specified
in this introductory paragraph
is
a treatment technique violation.
a)
Conventional
filtration treatment or direct
filtration.
1)
For systems using conventional
filtration
or direct filtration,
the
turbidity
level
of representative samples
of
a
system’s
filtered
water
must be
less tnan
or
equal
to
0.5
NTU
in
at
least
95 percent
of
the measurements
taken each
month,
except
that,
if
the Agency determines,
by permit
condition,
that the system
is
capable
of
achieving
at
least
99.9 percent
removal
or
inactivation
of Giardia
lamblia cysts
at
some turbidity
level
higher than 0.5 NTU
in
at
least
95
percent
of tne measurements
tdken each month, the Agency
shall
substitute this higher
turbidity limit
for
that
system.
Howeve’-,
in
no
case shall
the
Agency
app rove
a
turbidity
limit
that
all ows more than
1 NTU
in
more than
5 percent
of
the samples taken
each month.
2)
The turbidity level
of representative samples
of
a
system’s
water must
at
no
time
exceed
5
NTU.
b)
Slow sand filtration.
1)
For
systems
using
slow
sand
filtration,
the
turbidity
level
of
representative samples
of
a
system’s filtered water must be
less
than
or equal
to
1
NTU
in
at
least
95
percent
of the
measurements taken each month,
except that
if the Agency
determines,
by
permit condition, that there
is
no significant
interference with with disinfection
at
a
higher
level,
the
Agency
shall
substitute the higher turbidity limit
for that
system.
2)
The
turbidity
level
of
representative
samples
of
a
system’s
filtered water must
at
no time exceed
5 NTU.
c)
Diatomaceous
earth
filtration.
1)
For
systems using diatomaceous
earth
filtration,
the turbidity
level
of
representative samples
of
a system’s filtered water
must be
less than
or equal
to
1
NTU
in
at least
95 percent
of
the
measurements
taken
each
month.
2)
The turbidity
level
of representative
samples
of
a
system’s
filtered water must
at
no time exceed NTU.
d)
Other
filtration
technologies.
A
PUS
may
use
a
filtration
technology
not
listed
in subsections
(a) through
(c)
if
it demonstrates,
by
permit
application,
to the Agency,
using
pilot
plant
studies
or
other
means,
that the alternative filtration technology,
in combination
with disinfection treatment that meets
the requirements
of Section
611.142,
consistently achieves 99.9 percent
removal
or inactivation
of Giardia
lamblia cysts
and 99.99 percent
removal
or inactivation
of
1O4-~-1D9
-38-
viruses.
For
a
system that makes this demonstration,
the
requirements
of subsection
(b) apply.
e)
Turbidity
is measured
as specified
in Sections 611.531(d) and
611.533(a).
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.73
(1987),
as amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg. 27526, June 29,
1989.
Section 611.161
Unfiltered PWSs:
Reporting and Recordkeeping
A PUS that uses
a surface water source
and does
not provide filtration
treatment
shall
report monthly
to the Agency the information specified
in this
Section beginning December
31,
1990,
unless the Agency
has determined that
filtration
is
required,
in which case the Agency
shall,
by permit
condition,
specify alternative reporting
requirements,
as
appropriate,
until
filtration
is
in place.
A
PWS that uses
a groundwater source under the direct
influence
of surface water
and does not provide filtration treatment shall
report
monthly to the Agency the information specified
in this Section beginning
December
31,
1990,
or 6 months after the Agency determines
that the
groundwater
source
is under the direct
influence
of surface water, whichever
is later, unless the Agency
has determined that filtration
is
required,
in
which case
the Agency shall,
by
permit condition,
specify alternative
reporting requirements,
as
appropriate,
until
filtration
is
in place.
a)
Source water quality information must be reported to the Agency
within
10 days after the end
of each month
the system serves water
to
the public.
Information
that must
be
reported
includes:
1)
The cumulative number of months
for which results
are reported.
2)
The
number of
fecal
or total
coliform samples, whichever are
analyzed during the month
(if
a
system monitors for
both,
only
fecal
coliforms must
be
reported),
the dates
of sample
collection,
and
the dates when
the turbidity
level
exceeded
1
NTIJ.
3)
The
number
of
samples during
the month
that had equal
to
or less
than 20/100
ml
fecal
coliforms or equal
to or
less than 100/100
ml
total
coliforms,
whichever are analyzed.
4)
The cumulative number
of
fecal
or
total
colilorm samples,
whichever
are analyzed, during the previous six months
the
system served water
to the public.
5)
The cumulative number
of samples
that had equal
to
or
less than
20/100
ml
fecal
coliforms
or
equal
to
or
less
than
100/100
ml
total
col i forms,
whichever
are
analyzed,
during
the
previous
six
months
the
system
served
water
to
the
public.
6)
The percentage
of
samples that
had equal
to or
less than 20/100
ml
fecal
coliforms or equal
to
or
less then 100/100
ml
total
coliforms,
whichever
are
analyzed,
during
the
previous
six
months the system
served water
to the
public.
in4
~10
-39-
7)
The maximum turbidity
level
measured during the month, the
date(s)
of
occurrence for any measurement(s) which
exceeded
5
NTU
and the date(s)
the occurrence(s) was reported to the
Agency.
8)
For the first
12 months
of recordkeeping,
the
dates
and
cumulative number
of events during which the turbidity exceeded
5
NTU,
and after one year of recordkeeping for turbidity
measurements,
the
dates
and
cumulative
number
of
events
during
which
the
turbidity
exceeded
5
NTU
in
the
previous
12
months
the
system
served water
to the
public.
9)
For the
first
120 months
of recordkeeping, the dates and
cumulative
number
of events
during which the turbidity exceeded
5 NTU,
and after
10 years
of recordkeeping
for turbidity
measurements,
the dates and cumulative number
of events during
which
the
turbidity
exceeded
5
NTU
in
the
previous
120
months
the system served water
to the
public.
b)
Disinfection information specified
in Section 611.532 must
be
reported
to
the Agency within
10 days after the
end of each month the
system serves water to the public.
Information that must be
reported
includes:
1)
For each
day, the
lowest measurement
of RDC
in mg/L in water
entering the distribution
system.
2)
The
date and duration
of each period
when
the RDC
in water
entering the distribution system
fell
below 0.2 mg/L
and when
the Agency was notified of the occurrence.
3)
The daily RDC(s)
(in
mg/L)
and disinfectant contact time(s)
(in
minutes) used for calculating the CT value(s).
4)
If chlorine
is
used,
the daily measurement(s) of
pH
of
disinfected water following each point
of chlorine disinfection.
5)
The daily measurement(s)
of water temperature
in degrees
C
following each point
of disinfection.
6)
The daily CTcalc
and Ai
values
for each disinfectant measurement
or
sequence and the sum of
all
Ai
values
(B) before
or at the
first
customer.
7)
The
daily determination of whether disinfection
achieves
adequate Giardia
cyst and
virus
inactivation,
i.e., whether
Ai
is
at least
1.0 or, where disinfectants other than chlorine
are
used,
other
indicator conditions that the Agency, pursuant to
Section 611.141(a)(1), determines are appropriate, are met.
8)
The following information
on the
samples taken
in the
distribution
system in conjunction with total
coliform
monitoring
pursuant
to Section 611.140
et
seq.:
104—111
-40-
A)
Number of instances where the RDC
is measured;
B)
Number
of
instances where the RDC
is
not measured but HPC
is measured;
C)
Number
of
instances where the RDC
is
measured but not
detected and no HPC
is measured;
D)
Number
of instances where the RDC
is detected
and where HPC
is greater than 500/ml;
E)
Number
of
instances where the RDC
is
not measured
and HPC
is greater than 500/ml;
F)
For
the
current
and
previous
month
the
system
served
water
to the public,the value
of
“V’t
in the following formula:
V
100(c
+
d
+
e)
/
(a
+
b)
where:
a
=Value
in
subsection
(b)(8)(A).
b =Value
in
subsection
(b)(8)(B).
c =Value
in
subsection
(b)(8)(C).
d =Value
in
subsection
(b)(8)(D).
And,
e
=Value
in subsection
(b)(8)(E).
G)
The requirements
of subsections
(b)(8)(A) through
(F)
do
not
apply
if the
Agency
determines, pursuant
to Section
611.128(c),
that
a system
has
no means for
having
a
sample
analyzed
for HPC.
9)
A system need not
report
the data listed
in
subsections
(b)(1),
and
(b)(3)
through
(6),
if all
data listed
in
subsections
(b)(1)
through (b)(8) remain
on file at the
system,
and the Agency
determines that:
A)
The system has
submitted to the Agency
all
the information
required by subsections
(b)(1)
through
(8)
for
at
least
12
months;
and
B)
The Agency has determined that the system
is
not
required
to provide
filtration
treatment.
c)
By October
10 of each year,
each system shall
provide to the Agency
a
report which
suninarizes
its compliance with all watershed control
program requirements
specified in 611.132(b).
d)
By October
10 of
each year,
each system shall
provide
to the Agency
a
1n4-1 12
-41-
report
on
the
on—site inspection conducted during that year pursuant
to Section 611.132(c),
unless
the wa—site inspection
was
conducted by
the Agency.
if the inspection was conducteo
by the Agency, the
Agency
shall
provide
a copy of
its
report
to the PUS.
e)
Reporting health threats.
1)
Each
system,
upon
discovering
that
a
waterborne
disease
outbreak
potentially attributable
to that water
system
has occurred,
shall
report
that occurrence
to the Agency
as
soon
as
possible,
but
no
later
than
by
the
end
of
the
next business day.
2)
if
at
any
time the turbidity exceeds
5
NTU,
the system shall
inform the Agency
as
soon
as possible,
but
no
later than
the
end
of the next business day.
3)
If
at
any
time the RDC
falls
below 0.2
mg/L
in the water
entering
the
distribution
system,
the
system
shall
notify
the
Agency
as
soon as possible,
but no
later than by the
end of the
next business day. The system also
shall
notify the Agency
by
the
end
of
the
next
business
day
whether
or
not
tne
RDC
was
restored
to
at
least
0.2
mg/L
within
4
hours.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.75(a)
(1987),
as amended
at
54
Fed.
Reg.
27526,
June
29,
1989.
Section 611.162
Filtered PWSs:
Reporting
and Recordkeeping
A PUS that
uses
a surface water source
or
a
groundwater source
under the
direct
influence of surface water and provides filtration treatment
shall
report monthly to
the Agency the information
specified
in
this Section
beginning June 29,
1993,
or when filtration
is
installed,
whichever
is
later.
a)
Turbidity measurements
as
required
by
Section
611.533(a)
must
be
reported within
10 days after the
end of
each month
the
system serves
water to the public.
Information that must
be reported includes:
1)
The
total
number
of filtered water turbidity measurements taken
during the month.
2)
The number and percentage
of filtered water turbidity
measurements
taken during the
month which
are less than or equal
to the turbidity limits specified
in Section 611.150 for the
filtration
technology being
used.
3)
The
date and value of any turbidity measurements
taken
during
the month which exceed
5 NTU.
b)
Disinfection
information
specified
in Section 611.533 must be
reported to the Agency within
10 days after the
end of each month the
system serves water to the
public.
Information that must be reported
includes:
1)
For each day,
the
lowest measurement
of RDC
in mg/L
in water
104-113
-42-
entering the distribution
system.
2)
The date
and duration of each period when the RDC
in water
entering the distribution
system fell
below 0.2 mg/L and when
the Agency was notified of the occurrence.
3)
The following information
on the
samples taken
in the
distribution system
in conjunction with total coliform
monitoring pursuant to Section 611.140
et
seq.:
A)
Number of instances where the RDC
is measured;
B)
Number
of instances where
the RDC
is
not measured but
HPC
is
measured;
C)
Number
of
instances where
the RDC
is measured
but
not
detected and
no HPC
is measured;
D)
Number
of
instances where
no RDC
is detected
and where HPC
is
greater than 500/ml;
E)
Number
of
instances where the RDC
is not measured
and HPC
is
greater than 500/ml;
F)
For
the
current
and
previous
month
the
system
serves
water
to
the public,the value
of
“V’
in the following formula:
V
=
100(c
+
d
+
e)
/
(a
+
b)
where:
a
=Value
in
subsection
(b)(2)(A).
b
=Value
in
subsection
(b)(2)(B).
c =Value
in subsection
(b)(2)(C).
d
=Value
in subsection
(b)(2)(D).
And,
e =Value
in subsection
(b)(2)(E).
G)
The requirements
of
subsections
(b)(8)(A) through
(F) do
not
apply
if the Agency determines, pursuant
to Section
611.128(c),
that
a
system has
no
means
for having
a sample
analyzed for HPC.
4)
A system need not
report the data listed
in subsection
(b)(1)
if
all
data
listed
in
subsections
(b)(1)
through
(3)
remain
on
file
at
the
system
and
the
Agency
determines
that
the
system
has
submitted all
the information required by subsections
(b)(1)
through
(3) for at least
12 months.
c)
Reporting health
threats.
104-114
-43-
1)
Each system,
upon discovering that
a waterborne disease outbreak
potentially
attributable
to
that
water
system
has
occurred,
shall
report that occurrence
to the Agency
as soon as possible,
but
no
later
than
by
the
end
of
the
next
business
day.
2)
If
at
any
time
the
turbidity
exceeds
5NTU,
the system shall
inform
the
Agency
as
soon
as
possible,
but
no
later
than
the
end
of
the next business day.
3)
If
at
any time the
residual
falls below 0.2 mg/L
in the water
entering the distribution
system, the
system
shall
notify the
Agency
as
soon as
possible,
but
no later than by the
end
of the
next business day.
The system also
shall
notify the Agency
by
the
end
of the next business
day whether or not the
residual
was
restored to
at
least 0.2 mg/L within
4 hours.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived from
40
CFR
141.75(b)
(1987),
as
amended
at
54
Fed.
Reg.
27526,
June
29,
1989.
Section
611.171
Protection during Repair Work
The
PWS shall
prevent contamination of water
at
the source
or
in
the
distribution
system during
repair,
reconstruction or alteration.
BOARD NOTE:
This
is
an
additional
State
requirement.
Section
611.172
Disinfection following Repair
a)
After
any portion
of the distribution system
has
been repaired,
reconstructed or altered,
the PWS
shall
disinfect the water
in that
portion
before putting
it
into operation.
b)
The
disinfection
procedure
must
be
approved
by
permit
condition.
BOARD
NOTE:
This
is
an additional
State
requirement.
SUBPART
J:
USE
OF NON-CENTRALIZED TREATMENT DEVICES
Section
611.180
Point—of—Entry
Devices
a)
PUSs may use point-of-entry devices
to
comply with MCLs only if they
meet
the requirements
of this Section.
b)
It
is
the
responsibility
of
the
PUS
to
operate
and
maintain
the
point-of
entry
treatment
system.
c)
The
PWS
shall
develop
a
monitoring
plan
before
point-of-entry
devices
are
installed
for
compliance.
1)
Point—of—entry devices must provide health protection equivalent
to
central
water
treatment.
“Equivalent”
means
that
the
water
would
meet
all
NPDWR
and
would
be
of
acceptable
quality
similar
to
water
distributed
by
a
well-operated
central
treatment
plant.
104-115
-44-
2)
In
addition
to
the
VOCs,
monitoring
must
include
physical
measurements
and
observations
such
as
total
flow
treated
and
mechanical
condition
of
the
treatment
equipment.
3)
Use
of
point-of-entry
devices
must
be
approved
by
permit
condition.
d)
Effective technology must be properly applied
under
a plan approved
by
the
Agency
and
the
microbiological
safety
of
the
water
must
be
mai ntained.
1)
The Agency
shall
require adequate certification of performance,
field
testing,
and,
if
not
included
in the certification
process,
a
rigorous
engineering
design
review
of
the
point—of-
entry
devices.
2)
The
design
and
application
of
the
point-of-entry
devices
must
consider
the
tendency
for increase
in heterotrophic bacteria
concentrations
in
water
treated
with
activated carbon.
The
Agency
may
require,
by
permit
condition,
frequent backwashing,
post—contactor disinfection
and HPC monitoring to ensure that
the microbiological
safety of the water
is not compromised.
e)
All
consumers must be protected.
Every building connected to the
system must have
a point-of—entry device
installed, maintained
and
adequately monitored.
The Agency must be assured
that every building
is
subject
to
treatment and monitoring,
and that the rights
and
responsibilities
of the PWS customer convey with title upon sale of
property.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.100
(1987),
as amended
at
52
Fed. Reg. 25712,
July 8,
1987,
and at
53 Fed.
Reg.
25109, July
1,
1988.
Section 611.190
Use
of
other
Non—cent~alized Treatment
Devices
PWSs
shall
not
use bottled water
or point—of—use devices
to achieve compliance
with an MCL.
Bottled water
or point—of-use devices may be
used on
a temporary
basis
to
avoid
an
unreasonable
risk
to
health.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.101
(1987),
as
added
at
52
Fed.
Reg.
25712, July 8,
1987.
SUBPART
F:
MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS
(MCL’S)
Section
611.300
Inorganic
Chemicals
a)
The DCL
for nitrate
is applicable to both CWS5
and non—CUSs except
as
provided
by
in
subsection
(d)
.
The levels
for the other
inorganic
chemicals apply only to CWS5. Compliance with MCLs
for
inorganic
chemicals
is
calculated pursuant to Subpart N.
b)
The following are the MCL’s for inorganic chemicals:
104—116
-45-
Contaminant
Level, mg/L
Additional
State
Requi rement
Arsenic
0.05
Barium
1.
Cadmium
0.010
Chromium
0.05
Copper
5.
*
Cyanide
0.2
*
Fluo”ide
4.0
iron
1.0
*
Lead
0.05
Manganese
0.15
*
Mercury
0.002
Nitrate(as N)
10.
Selenium
0.01
Silver
0.05
Zinc
5
*
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
f”om
40
CFR
141.11
(1987).
e)
The
following
supplementary
condition
applies
to
the
concentrations
listed
in
subsection
(b):
Iron
and manganese:
1)
CWSs which serve
a population
of
1000
or
less,
or
300
service
connections
or
less,
are
exempt from the standards
for iron
and
manganese.
2)
The
Agency
may,
by permit
condition,
allow iron
and manganese
in
excess
of the MCL
if
sequestration
tried
on
an
experimental
basis proves
to
be
effective.
If
sequestration
is
not
effective,
positive
iron
or manganese reduction treatment as
applicable must be
provided.
Experimental
use of
a sequestering
agent may be tried
only
if
approved by
permit condition.
BOARD NOTE:
This
is
an
additional
State
requirement.
Section 611.310
Organic Chemicals
The following are the MCLs for organic chemicals.
The MCLs for organic
chemicals
in subsections
(a) and
(b)
apply
to
all
CUSs.
Compliance with the
MCLs
in subsections
(a) and
(b)
is calculated pursuant
to Section 611.641
et
seq.
Compliance with the MCL for TTHM
is calculated
pursuant to Subpart
P.
104—117
-46-
Contaminant
Level
Additional
(mg/L)
State
Requi rement
a)
Chlorinated
hydrocarbons:
Aldrin
0.001
*
Chlordane
0.003
*
DOT
0.05
*
Dieldrin
0.001
*
Endrin
0.0002
Heptachlor
0.0001
*
Heptachlor
epoxide
0.0001
*
Lindane
0.004
Methoxychlor
0.1
Toxaphene
0.005
b)
Chlorophenoxys:
2,4-0
0.01
*
2,4,5-IP (Silvex)
0.01
c)
TTHII
0.10
*
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.12
(1987).
d)
The
standard
for TTHMs does not
apply
to supplies serving fewer
than 10,000 individuals.
BOARD NOTE:
This
is
an additional
State requirement.
Section 611.320
Turbidity
This Section
applies
to
unfiltered systems until
December
30,
1991,
unless the
Agency
has
determined,
pursuant
to
Section
611.128,
prior
to
that
date
that
filtration
is
required.
This Section applies
to
unfiltered systems
that the
Agency
has determined,
pursuant to Section 611.128, must
install
filtration,
until
June 29,
1993,
or
until
filtration
is
installed, whichever
is
later.
The MCLs
for turbidity are applicable
to
both CUSs
and non-CWSs using surface
water
sources
in whole
or
in
part.
The MCLs for turbidity in drinking water,
measured
at
a
representative entry point(s) to
the distribution system,
are:
a)
One turbidity unit,
as determined
by
a monthly average pursuant
to
Subpart
N,
except that
five
or fewer turbidity units
are allowed
if
the PUS demonstrates,
by
permit permit application,
that the higher
turbidity
does
not
do
any
of the following:
1)
Interfere
with disinfection;
2)
Prevent maintenance
of
an effective disinfectant
agent
throughout
the
distribution
system;
or
3)
Interfere
with
microbiological
determinations.
10/118
—47—
b)
Five turbidity
units
based
on
an average for
two
consecutive days
pursuant
to Subpart
M.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.13
(1987),
as amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg.
27526, June
29, 1989.
Section 611.330
Radium and Gross Alpha Particle Activity
The following are the MCLs for
radium-226,
radium-228 and gross alpha
particle
radioactivity:
a)
Combined
radium—226 and radium-228
-
5
pCi/L.
b)
Gross alpha particle activity
(including
radium-226 but excluding
radon
and uranium)
—
15 pCi/L.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.15
(1987).
Section
611.331
Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity
a)
The average annual
concentration of
beta particle and photon radio-
activity from man-made radionuclides
in
drinking water must
not
produce
an
annual
dose equivalent
to
the total
body or any
internal
organ
greater than
4 mrem/year.
b)
Except for the radionuclides listed
below,
the concentration of man-
made radionuclides causing
4 mrem total
body
or organ dose
equivalents
must be calculated
on the
basis
of
a
2
liter
per day
drinking water
intake using the 168 hour data listed
in “Maximum
Permissible
Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible Concentration of
Radionuclides in Air or Water for Occupational
Exposure,” NBS
Handbook
69,
incorporated
by reference
in Section 611.102.
If two or
more
radionuclides are
present, the sum of their
annual dose
equivalent
to
the
total
body
or
to
any
organ
must
not
exceed
4
mrem/year.
AVERAGE
ANNUAL
CONCENTRATiONS
ASSUMED
TO
PRODUCE
A
TOTAL
BODY
OR
ORGAN
DOSE
OF
4
mrem/year
Radionuclide
Critical
Organ
pCi/L
Tritium
Total
body
20,000
Strontium-90
Bone
marrow
8
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.16
(1987).
SUBPART
G:
NATIONAL REVISED MCL’S
Section
611.340
Organics
a)
The
following
MCL
levels
for organic contaminants
apply to CWSs and
NTNCWS.
CAS
No.
Contaminant
MCL
104—119
-48-
(mg/L)
71—43—2
Benzene
.
0.005
75—01—4
Vinylchloride
0.002
56—23-5
Carbon
tetrachloride
0.005
107-06-2
1,2-Jichloroethane
0.005
79—01—6
Trichloroethylene
0.005
75-35—4
1,1—Dichloroethylene
0.007
71—55—6
1,1,1—Trichioroethane
0.20
106-46-7
para-Dichlorobenzene
0.075
b)
BATs for achieving compliance with the MCLs
for organic contaminants
are:
central
treatment
using
packed
tower
aeration; central
treatment
using
granular
activated
carbon
for
all
these
chemicals
except
vinyl
chloride.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR 141.61
(1987),
as amended at
52 Fed.
Reg.
25712,
July
8,
1987.
Section
611.350
Inorganics
The following MCL’s
for inorganic contaminants apply to CWSs.
Maximum contaminant
Contaminant
level
in
rng/L
Fluoride
4.0
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.62
(1987).
Section 611.360
Microbiological Contaminants
a)
The
DCL
is based
on
the presence or absence
of
total
colifonms
in
a
sample,
rather
than
coliforni
density.
1)
For
a PUS
which
collects
at
least
40
samples
per month,
if
no
more than
5.0 percent
of the samples collected during
a month
are
total
coliform-positive,
the
PWS
is
in
compliance
with
the
DCL
for total
coliforms.
2)
For
a PWS which collects fewer
than 40 samples
per month,
if
no
more than
one sample collected during
a month
is
total
coliform-
positive,
the PUS
is
in compliance with the DCL
for total
col
i forms.
b)
Any
fecal
coliform-positive repeat
sample
or E.
coii-positive repeat
sample,
or any total
coliform—positive
repeal
sample following
a
fecal
coliform—positive orE. coli-positive routine
sampiC,
constitutes
a
violation of the DCL fo—
total
coliforins.
Fo’
purposes
of the
public notification requirements
in Section
611.851
et seq.,
this
is
a
violation
that
may
pose
an
acute
risk
to
health.
c)
A
PUS
shall
determine compliance with the DCL for
total
coliforms
in
subsections
(a)
and
(b)
for each month
in which
it
is
required
to
104—120
-49-
monitor for total
coliforms.
d)
BATs for achieving compliance with
the
MCL
for total
coliforms
in
subsections
(a) and
(b):
1)
Protection
of
wells
from
contamination
by
coliforms
by
appropriate
placement
and
construction;
2)
Maintenance
of RDC throughout the distribution
system;
3)
Proper maintenance
of the distribution
system including
appropriate
pipe replacement
and
repair
procedures,
main
flushing
programs,
proper
operation
and
maintenance
of
storage
tanks
and reservoirs and continual
maintenance of
positive water
pressure
in
all
parts
of the distribution
system;
4)
Filtration and disinfection of
surface water,
as described
in
Subpart
B,
or disinfection of groundwater using
strong oxidants
such
as chlorine, chlorine dioxide
or ozone;
or
5)
The development and implementation of
an approved wellhead
protection program.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.63
(1987),
as amended
at
54
Fed. Reg.
27562, June 29,
1989.
SUBPART
H:
MCL GOALS
Section
611.380
Organics
a)
MCLGs
are zero
for the following contaminants:
1)
Benzene
2)
Vinyl
chloride
3)
Carbon tetrachloride
4)
1,2-dichloroethane
5)
Trichloroethylene
b)
MCLGs for the following contaminants
are
as
indicated:
Contaminant
MCLG
(mg/L)
1,1—Dichloroethylene
0.007
1,1,1—Trichloroethane
0.20
para—Dichlorobenzene.
0.075
104~421
-50-
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.50
(1987).
Section
611.390
Inorganics
MCLGs
for
the
following
contaminants
are
as
indicated:
Contaminant
MCLG
(mg/L)
Fluoride
4.0
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.51
(1987).
Section
611.400
Microbiological
Contaminants
MCLGs
for
the
following
contaminants
are
as
indicated:
Contaminant
MCLG
Giardia
lamblia
0.
Viruses
0.
L egionella
0.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.52
(1987),
as
amended
at
54
Fed.
Reg.
27526,
June
29,
1989,
and
at
54
Fed.
Reg.
27562,
June
29,
1989.
SUBPART
K:
GENERAL
MONITORING
AND
ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.480
Alternative
Analytical
Techniques
The
Agency
may
approve,
by
permit
condition,
an
alternate
analytical
technique.
The Agency
shall
not
approve
an alternate analytical
technique
without
the
concurrence
of
USEPA.
The
Agency
shall
approve
an
alternate
technique
if
it
is
substantially
equivalent
to
the
prescribed
test
in
both
precision and
accu-acy
as
it
relates
to
the
dete—mination
of
compliance
with
any
MCL.
The
use
of
the
alternate
analytical
technique
must
not
decrease
the
frequency
of monitoring
required by this Part.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.27
(1987).
Section
611.490
Certified
Laboratories
a)
For
the
purpose
of
deterining
compliance
with
Subparts
L
through
Q,
samples will
be considered only
if they have been analyzed by
a
laboratory certified by the Agency pursuant to Section 4(o)
of the
Act, except
that measurements for turbidity,
free chlorine residual,
temperature
and pH may
be performed under the supervision
of
a
certified
operator
(35
Ill.
Ado.
Code
603.103).
b)
Nothing
in
this
Part
shall
be
construed
to preclude
the Agency
or any
duly designated representative of
the Agency from taking samples
or
from
using
the
results
from
such
samples
to
determine
compliance
by
a
supplier of water with
the applicable requirements
of this Part.
104-122
—51—
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.28 (1987).
c)
The PWS
shall
have required analyses performed either
at
its
own
certified laboratory,
or
at
any
other
certified
laboratory.
The
Agency may -equi—e that some or
all
of the
required samples
be
submitted
to
its laboratories.
BOARD NOTE:
This
is
an additional
State
requirement.
Section 611.491
Laboratory Testing Equipment
a)
Each PWS shall
have adequate laboratory equipment and capability
to
perform
operational
tests
(except
bacteriological
)
appropriate
to the
parameters
to
be tested and the type
of treatment employed.
Such
equipment must be
in
good operating condition,
and
the operator on
duty must be
familiar with the procedure
for erforming the tests.
b)
Nothing
in this Subpart shall
he construed
to prevent
a supply from
running control
laboratory tests
in
an uncertified
laboratory.
These
results
a-c not to
be included
in the
requi’ed monitoring
results.
BOARD NOTE:
This
is
an
additional
State requirement.
Section 611.492
Violation of State MCL
This Section applies
to MCLs which
are marked
as
“additional
State
requirements”,
and
for which
no specific monitoring,
reporting
or public
notice requirements are specified below.
If the
results
of
analysis pursuant
to this Part indicates that the
level
of any contaminant exceeds the
MCL,
the
PWS shall:
a)
Report
to
the Agency within seven days,
and initiate three additional
analyses
at the
same sampling point within
one month;
b)
Notify the Agency
and give public
notice
as specified
in Subpart
1,
when
the average
of four analyses,
rounded
to the same number
of
significant
figures
as the MCL for the contaminant
in
question,
exceeds the MCL;
and,
c)
Monitor,
after public notification,
at
a
frequency designated
by the
Agency,
and continue monitoring until
the MCL
has
not been exceeded
in two consecutive samples,
or
until
a monitoring schedule as
a
condition
of
a
variance
or
enforcement
action
becomes
effective.
BOARD
NOTE:
This
is
an
additional
State
requirement.
Section 611.493
Frequency of State Monitoring
This
Section
applies
to
MCLs
which
are
marked
as
“additional
State
requirements”,
and
for
which
no
specific
monitoring,
reporting
or
public
notice
requirements
are
specified
below.
a)
Analyses for all
CWS5 utiizing surface water sources
must
be
repeated
at
yearly
intervals.
104—123
-52—
b)
Analyses
for
all
CWSs
utilizing
only
groundwater
sources
must
be
repeated
at
three-year
intervals.
BOARD
NOTE:
This
is
an additional State requirement.
Section
611.500
Consecutive
PUSs
When
a
PWS
supplies
water
to
one
or
more
other
PWSs,
the
Agency
shall
modify
the monitoring
requirements imposed
by this Part to the extent
that the
interconnection
of the PWSs jusifies treating them as
a single PWS for
monitoring purposes.
Any modified monitoring must
be conducted pursuant
to
a
schedule specified
by permit
condition.
The Agency
shall
not approve
such
modified monitoring without
the concurrence of USEPA.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived
from 40 CFR
141.2g
(1987).
SUBPART L:
MICROBIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.521
Routine Coliform Monitoring
a)
PUSs
shall
collect
total
coliform
samples
at
sites
which
are
representative
of
water
throughout
the
distribution
system
according
to
a written sample siting plan, which must
be approved by permit
condition.
b)
The monitoring frequency
for total
coliforms for CWSs
is based
on the
population served
by the PWS, as follows:
TOTAL COLIFORM MONITORING FREQUENCY
FOR CWSs
Population
Served
Minimum
Number
of
Samples
More
Than:
per
month
24
1
1000
2
2500
3
3300
4
4100
5
4900
6
5800
7
6700
8
7600
9
8500
10
12,900
15
17,200
20
21,500
25
25,000
30
33,000
40
41,000
50
50,000
60
59,000
70
70,000
80
104—124
—53—
83,000.
90
96,000.
100
130,000.
120
220,000.
150
320,000
180
450,000
210
600,000
240
780,000
270
970,000
300
1,230,000
330
1,520,000
360
1,850,000
390
2,270,000
420
3,020,000
450
3,960,000
480
If
a
CWS
serving
25
to 1,000 persons
has
no history
of total
coliform
contamination
in
its current configuration
and
a
sanitary survey
conducted
in the past five years shows that
the
PWS
is supplied
solely
by
a
protected
groundwater
source
and
is
free
of
sanitary
defects,
the Agency
shall
reduce
the monitoring frequency specified
above,
except that
in
no case
shall
the Agency
reduce the monitoring
frequency to
less than
one sample per quarter.
The Agency
shall
approve the
reduced monitoring frequency by
permit condition.
c)
The monitoring frequency for
total
coliforms for non—CWSs
is
as
follows:
1)
A non—CUS
using only groundwater
(except groundwater under the
direct influence of
surface water,
as
determined
in Section
611.128) and serving
1,000 persons
or
fewer
shall
monitor
each
calendar quarter that the system
provides
water to the
public,
except
that the Agency
shall
reduce this monitoring frequency,
by permit condition,
if
a
sanitary survey
shows that the system
is free of sanitary defects.
Beginning June
29,
1994,
the
Agency
cannot
reduce
the monitoring frequency
for
a
non—CUS
using only groundwater
(except groundwater under the direct
influence of
surface water) and serving 1,000 persons
or fewer
to less than once per year.
2)
A non-CWS
using
only groundwater
(except groundwater under the
direct
influence of surface water) and serving more than 1,000
persons during any month
shall
monitor
at
the
same frequency as
a like-sized CWS, as specified
in
subsection
(b), except
the
Agency
shall
reduce this monitoring frequency,
by
permit
condition,
for any month
the system serves 1,000 persons
or
fewer.
The Agency cannot
reduce
the monitoring
to less than
once per year.
For systems
using groundwater
under the
direct
influence
of surface water,
subsection
(c)(4)
applies.
3)
A non—CUS
using surface water,
in total
or
in part,
shall
monitor
at the
same frequency as
a like-sized CWS,
as specified
in subsection
(b),
regardless
of the
number of persons
it
serves.
104--125
-54-
4)
A
non-CWS
using
groundwater
under
the
direct
influence
of
surface
water,
shall
monitor
at
the
same
frequency
as
a
like—
sized
CWS,
as
specified
in
subsection
(b).
The
system
shall
begin
monitoring
at
this
frequency
beginning
six
months
after
the Agency determines, pursuant
to Section 611.128, that the
groundwater
is under the direct influence of
surface water.
d)
The PWS shall
collect samples
at
regular time intervals throughout
the
month, except that
a PWS which uses groundwater
(except
groundwater under
the direct influence of surface water)
and serves
4,900 persons
or
fewer, may collect
all
required samples
on
a
single
day
if they are taken
from different
sites.
e)
A PWS that
uses surface water or groundwater under the direct
influence of surface water, and does
not practice
filtration
in
compliance with Subpart
B,
shall
collect
at
least one
sample near the
first
service
connection
each
day
the
turbidity
level
of
the
source
water, measured
as specified
in Section 611.532(b),
exceeds
1 NTU.
This sample must be
analyzed for the presence of total
coliforms.
When
one or more turbidity measurements
in
any day exceed
1 NTU,
the
PUS
must
collect
this
coliform
sample
within
24
hours
of
the
first
exceedance, unless
the Agency has determined,
by permit condition,
that the PWS,
for
logistical
reasons outside the PWS’s control,
cannot
have
the
sample
analyzed
within
30
hours
of
collection.
Sample results from this coliform monitoring must
be included
in
determining compliance with the MCL
for total
coliforms
in Section
611.360.
f)
Special
purpose samples,
such as
those taken to determine whether
disinfection practices are sufficient following pipe placement,
replacement
or repair,
must not
be used
to determine compliance with
the
MCL
for
total
coliforms
in Section 611.360.
BOARD
MOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.21(a)
(1987),
as
amenhed
at
54
Fed.
Reg.
27562,
June
29,
1989.
Section 611.522
Repeat Coliform Monitoring
a)
If
a
routine sample
is
total
coliform-positive,
the PWS shall
collect
a set
of repeat
samples within
24 hours
of
being notified
of the
positive
result.
A PUS which
collects more than one routine
sample
per month
shall
collect
no fewer than three
repeat
samples
for each
total
coliform—positive
sample found.
A
PUS which collects one
routine sample per month
or fewer
shall
collect
no
fewer than four
repeat
samples
for each total
coliform-positive
sample found.
The
Agency
shall
extend the 24-hour limit
on
a case-by—case
basis
if the
PUS
has
a
logistical
problem
in
collecting
the
repeat
samples
within
24 hours
that
is beyond
its control.
In
the case
of an
extension,
the Agency
shall
specify
how
much time
the PUS
has
to collect
the
repeat
samples.
b)
The PUS
shall
collect
at least
one repeat sample
from the sampling
tap
where
the on
gi nd
total
col iform—positi ye sample was
taken,
and
104.-126
—55--
at
least
one
repeat sample
at
a
tap within
five service connections
upstream
and
at least
one repeat
sample
at
a tap within five service
connections
downstream
of
the original
sampling site.
if
a
total
coliform-positive sample
is
at the
end
of the distribution system,
or
one away from the end
of the distribution system,
the PUS
is
not
required to
collect
at least
one
repeat sample
upstream or downstream
of the original
sampling site.
c)
The
PUS shall
collect
all
repeat
samples
on the same day, except that
the Agency
shall
allow
a PUS with
a single
service connection to
collect the
required
set of repeat
samples over
a fo~ur-dayperiod
or
to
collect
a
larger volume
repeat sample(s)
in
one or more sample
containers
of any size,
as long as the total
volume collected
is
at
least
400
ml
(300
ml
for
PUSs which
collect more than one
routine
sampieper month).
d)
If one or more repeat samples
in the
set
is
total
coliform-positive,
the PUS shall
collect
an
additional
set of
repeat
samples
in the
manner specified
in
subsections
(a) through
(c).
The additional
samples
must
be
collected
within
24
hours
of
being notified
of the
positive result, unless
the Agency extends the
limit
as provided
in
subsection
(a).
The PUS shall
repeat
this process
until
either total
coliforms
are
not
detected
in
one complete
set of repeat
samples or
the PWS determines that the MCL for
total
coliforms
in Section
611.360
has been exceeded and notifies
the Agency.
e)
If
a PWS collecting fewer than five routine samples/month
has
one or
more
total
coliform—positive samples
and the Agency
does
not
invalidate the sample(s) under Section 611.523,
the PWS
shall
collect
at
least
five routine samples during the next month
the PWS provides
water
to the
public,
unless the Agency determines
that
the conditions
of subsection
(e)(1)
or
(2) are met.
This does not apply to the
requirement
to collect
repeat
samples
in
subsections
(a) through
(d).
The PUS does
not have to collect the samples
if:
1)
The
Agency,
or
a
local
government
unit
delegated
pursuant
to
Section
611.108, performs
a site visit
before the end of the
next month
the PWS provides water
to the
public.
Although
a
sanitary survey need not
be performed,
the
site visit must
be
sufficiently
detailed to allow the Agency to determine whether
additional
monitoring
or any corrective
action
is
needed.
The
Agency cannot
approve
an employee
of the PWS to perform this
site visit,
even
if the employee
is
an
agent approved
by the
Agency
to perform sanitary surveys.
2)
The Agency
has determined why the sample was total
coliform-
positive and establishes
that the PWS
has corrected the problem
or will
correct
the problem before the end
of the
next month
the
PWS
serves water to the public.
A)
The Agency
shall
document this decision
in writing,
and
make the document available to USEPA
and
the
public.
The
written documentation must describe the specific cause
of
the total
coliform-positive sample and what action the PUS
104-127
-56-
has
taken
or
will
take
to
correct
the
problem.
B)
Tne
Agency
cannot
waive
the
requirement
to
collect
five
routine
samples
the
next
month
the
PWS
provides
water
to
the public solely
on the grounds that
all
repeat
samples
are
total
coliform—negative.
C)
Under
this
subsection,
a
PUS
shall
still
take
at
least
one
routine
sample
before
the
end
of
the
next
month
it
serves
water
to
the
public
and
use
it
to determine compliance with
the MCL
for total
coliforms
in Section 611.360, unless
the
Agency
has
determined that
the PUS
has corrected the
contamination
problem
before
the
PWS
took
the
set
of
repeat
samples required
in
subsections
(a) through
(d),
and
all
repeat
samples
were
total
coliform—negative.
f)
After
a PWS collects
a
routine sample and before
it
learns the
results
of the analysis
of that sample,
if
it
collects another
routine sample(s) from within five adjacent service connections
of
the
initial
sample,
and the
initial
sample,
after analysis,
is found
to contain total
coliforms, then the PWS may count the subsequent
sample(s)
as
a
repeat
sample
instead
of
as a
routine
sample.
g)
Results
of
all
routine and
repeat samples
not invalidated pursuant to
Section 611.523 must
be
included
in determining compliance with the
DCL
for total
coliforms
in Section
611.360.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.21(b)
(1987),
as amended
at
54
Fed.
Reg.
27562, June
29,
1989.
Section 611.523
Invalidation of Total Coliform Samples
A total
coliform-positive sample invalidated
under this Section does
not count
towards
meeting
the minimum monitoning
requi rements.
a)
The
Agency
shall
invalidate
a
total
coliform-positive
sample
only
if
the
conditions
of
subsection
(a)(1),
(2)
or
(3)
are
met.
1)
The laboratory establishes that improper sample analysis caused
the total
coliform—positive result.
2)
The Agency,
on the
basis
of the
results
of repeat samples
collected
as
required by Section 611.522(a) through
(d)
determines
that the
total
coliform-positive
sample resulted from
a domestic or
other non-distribution system plumbing problem.
The Agency cannot
invalidate
a sample
on the basis
of
repeat
sample results unless
all
repeat sample(s) collected
at
the same
tap
as the
original
total
coliform—positive
sample
are
also
total
coliform—positive, and
all
repeat
samples collected
within
five service connections
of
the original
tap are total
coliform—
negative
(e.g.,
a Agency cannot
invalidate
a
total
coliform—
positive
sample
on
the
basis
of
repeat
samples
if
all
the
repeat
samples
are
total
col i form-negati ye,
or
if
the
PUS
has
only
one
service connection).
104128
—57—
3)
The Agency determines that
a total
coliform—positive result
is
due
to
a
circumstance
or
condition
which
does
not
reflect
water
quality
in the distribution system.
In this case,
the PUS
shall
still
collect
all
repeat
samples
required under Section
611.522(a) through
(d)
and
use them to determine compliance with
the DCL
for total
coliforms
in Section 611.360.
To invalidate
a
total
coliform-positive
sample under this subsection,
the
decision with the rationale
for the decision must
be documented
in writing.
The Agency
shall
make this document available to
LJSEPA and
the public.
The written documentation must state the
specific
cause
of the
total
coliform—positive
sample,
and what
action the
PWS has taken,
or will
take,
to correct this
problem.
The Agency
shall
not
invalidate
a
total
coliform—
positive sample
solely
on
the grounds that
all
repeat
samples
are
total
coliform-negative.
b)
A
laboratory shall
invalidate
a total
coliform sample
(unless total
coliforms are detected)
if the
sample produces
a turbid culture
in
the absence
of gas production
using
an analytical
method where gas
formation
is
examined
(e.g.,
the Multiple-Tube Fermentation
Technique),
produces
a turbid culture
in the absence
of
an
acid
reaction
in
the P-A Coliform Test,
or exhibits confluent
growth
or
produces colonies
too numerous
to count with an analytical
method
using
a membrane filter
(e.g., Membrane Filter Technique).
If
a
laboratory invalidates
a
sample because
of such interference, the PWS
shall
collect
another
sample from the
same location as the
original
sample within
24 hours
of
being notified of the interference problem,
and have
it
analyzed for
the presence
of
total
coliforms.
The PWS
shall
continue to
re—sample within
24 hours
and have the samples
analyzed
until
it obtains
a valid
result.
The Agency
shall
waive the
24-hour time
limit
on
a case-by-case basis,
if
it
is not possible to
collect
the
sample within that time.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.21(c)
(1987),
as amended
at
54
Fed. Reg. 27562, June
29,
1989.
Section
611.524
Sanitary
Surveys
a)
Requirement
to
conduct
a
sanitary
survey.
1)
PWSs which
do
not collect five
or more routine
samples
per month
shall
undergo
an
initial
sanitary
survey
by
June
29,
1994
for
CWS5
and June 29,
1999 for non—CWSs.
Thereafter,
PUSs
shall
undergo
another
sanitary
survey
every
five
years,
except
that
non-CUSs using only disinfected groundwater,
from
a source which
is
not
under the
direct
influence
of surface water,
shall
undergo
subsequent
sanitary
surveys
at
least
every
ten
years
after the initial
sanitary survey.
The Agency
shall
review the
results
of each sanitary survey to determine,
by permit
condition,
whether
the
existing
monitoring
frequency
is
adequate
and
what
additional
measures,
if
any,
the
PWS
needs
to
undertake
to
improve
drinking
water
quality.
104—129
-58-
2)
In
conducting
a
sanitary
survey
of
a
PWS
using
groundwater,
information
on
sources
of
contamination
within
the
delineated
welihead
protection
area
that
was
collected
in
the
course
of
developing
and
implementing
the
wellhead
protection
program
should
be
considered
instead
of
collecting
new
information,
if
the
information
was
collected
since
the
last
time
the
PWS
was
subject
to
a
sanitary
survey.
b)
Sanitary surveys must
be performed by the Agency
or
a unit
of
local
government delegated pursuant to Section 611.103.
The PUS
is
reponsible for ensuring the survey takes place.
BOARD MOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.21(d)
(1987),
as amended
at
54
Fed.
Reg.
27562,
June
29,
1989.
Section 611.525
Fecal
Coliform and E.
Coli Testing
a)
If any
routine
or
repeat sample
is
total
coliform-positive,
the PUS
shall
analyze
that
total
coliform-positive culture medium to
determine if fecal
coliforms are present, except
that
the PWS may
test for E.
coli
in
lieu of
fecal
coliforms.
If
fecal
coliforms
or
E. coli
are present, the PWS
shall
notify
the Agency
by the end of
the day when
the PWS
is
notified of the
test result,
unless the PWS
is
notified
of
the
result
after
the
Agency
office
is
closed,
in
which
case
the
PWS
shall
notify
the
Agency
before
the
end
of
the
next
business
day.
b)
The
Agency
may
allow
a
PWS,
on
a
case—by—case
basis,
to
forgo
fecal
coliform
or E.
coli testing
on
a
total
coliform-positive sample
if
that PWS assumes that the total
coliform—positive sample
is
fecal
coliform-positive
or E.
coli—positive.
Accordingly,
the PUS
shall
notify the Agency
as specified
in subsection
(a)
and the
provisions
of Section 611.360(b) apply.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived
from 40 CFR 141.21(e)
(1987),
as
amended
at
54
Fed.
Reg.
27562,
June
29,
1989.
Section
611.526
Analytical
Methodology
a)
The standard sample volume required for total
coliform analysis,
regardless
of analytical
method used,
is
100 ml.
b)
PWSs
need
only
determine
the
presence
or
absence
of
total
coliforms,
a
determination
of
total
coliform
density
is
not
required.
c)
PUSs
shall
conduct
total
coliform
analyses
in
accordance
with
one
of
the
following
analytical
methods,
incorporated
by
reference
in
Section
611.102:
1)
Multiple—Tube Fermentation
(MTF)
Technique,
as set
forth
in:
A)
Standard Methods, Method 908,
908A and 9088,
except that
10
fermentation
tubes must
be used;
or
104—130
-59-
B)
Microbiological Methods, Part
III, Section
B 4.1—4.6.4,
pp.
114-118,
(Most
Probable Number Method), except that
10
fermentation tubes must
be used;
or
2)
Membrance Filter
(MF) Technique,
as set forth
in:
A)
Standard
Methods,
Method
909,
9O9A
and
9O9B;
or
B)
Microbiological
Methods,
Part
III,
Section
B.2.1—2.6,
pp.
108—112;
or
3)
P—A Coliform Test,
as
set forth
in:
A)
StandardMethods,
Method 908E;
or
B)
Minimal Medium ONPG-MUG
(MMO-MUG) Test
d)
In lieu
of the 10-tube MTF Technique specified
in
subsection
(c)(1),
a
PUS
may
use
the
MTF
Technique
using
either
five
tubes
(2O-ml
sample
portions
or
a
single culture bottle containing the culture medium for
the
MTF
Technique,
i.e.,
lauryl
tryptose
broth
(formulated
as
described
in Standard Methods, Method 908A,
incorporated
by
reference
in Section 611.102)
as
long as
a 100—ml
water sample
is
used in
the
analysis.
e)
PUSs
shall
conduct
fecal
coliform
analysis
in
accordance
with
the
following
procedure:
1)
When
the
MTF
Technique
or
P—A
Coliform
Test
is
used
to
test
for
total
coliforms,
shake
the
lactose—positive
presumptive
tube
or
P—A
bottle
vigorously
and
transfer
the
growth
with
a
sterile
3—
mm
loop
or
sterile
applicator
stick
into brilliant green
lactose
bile
broth
and
EC
medium,
defined
below,
to
determine
the
presence of total
and fecal
coliforms,
respectively.
2)
For Microbiological Methods,
referenced above,
which use
a
membrance
filter,
remove
the
membrane
containing
the
total
coliform
colonies
from
the
substrate
with
a
sterile
forceps
and
carefully curl
and insert
the
membrane into
a tube of
EC
medium.
(The
laboratory
may
first
remove
a
small
portion
of
selected
colonies
for
verification).
Gently
shake
the
inoculated EC tubes
to
insure adequate mixing and incubate
in
a
waterbath
at 44.5
+/—
0.2 degrees
C
for 24
+/—
2 hours.
Gas
production
of any amount
in the
inner
fermentation tube of the
EC medium
indicates
a positive fecal
coliform test.
3)
The preparation
of
EC medium
is described in Standard Methods,
Method
9O8C.
4)
PWSs need only determine the presence
or absence
of fecal
coliforms,
a
determination
of
fecal
coliform
density
is
not
requi red.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.21(f)
(1987),
as
amended
at
104-131
-60--
54
Fed.
Reg.
27562,
June
29,
1989.
Section 611.527
Response to Violation
a)
A PWS which
has exceeded the MCL for
total
coliforms
in Section
611.360 shall
report the violation to the Agency
no later than
the
end
of
the
next
business
day
after
it
learns
of
the
violation,
and
notify
the
public
in
accordance
with
Subpart
T.
b)
A
PUS
which
has
failed
to
comply
with
a
coliform
monitoring
requirement,
including the sanitary
survey
requirement,
shall
report
the
monitoring
violation
to
the
Agency
within
ten
days
after
the
PWS
discovers
the violation,
and notify the
public
in accordance with
Subpart T.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.21(g)
(1987),
as
amended
at
54
Fed. Reg. 27562, June
29,
1989.
Section
611.531
Analytical
Requirements
Only the analytical
method(s)
specified
in this Section,
or otherwise approved
by the Agency pursuant
to Section 611.480, may
be used to demonstrate
compliance
with
the
requirements
of
Subpart
B.
Measurements
for
pH,
temperature, turbidity and RDCs must be conducted
by
a certified operator.
Measurements
for total
coliforrns,
fecal
coliforms and HPC must be
conducted by
a
laboratory
certified
by
the
Agency
to
do
such
analysis.
Until
laboratory
certification
criteria
are
developed
for
the
analysis
of
HPC
and
fecal
coliforms,
any
laboratory
certified
for
total
coliform
analysis
by
the
Agency
is deemed certified for HPC and fecal
coliform analysis.
The following
procedures
must
be
performed
by
the
following
methods,
incorporated
by
reference in Section 611.102:
a)
Fecal
coliform
concent’-ation:
Standard
Methods,
Methods
9OSC,
9080
or
909C.
b)
Total
coliform concentration:
Standad Methods, Methods
9O8A,
9088,
9O8D,
909A
or
9098
BOARD
NOTE:
PWSs
may
use
a
five-tube
test
or
a
ten-tube
test.
c)
HPC:
Standard
Methods,
Method
9O7A.
d)
Turbidity:
Standard Methods, Method
214A.
e)
RDC:
1)
Free chlorine and
combined chlorine (chloramines) must be
measured
by
Standard
Methods,
Methods
4085,
4080,
4OSE
on
40SF.
2)
Ozone
must
be measured by the Indigo Method,
or automated
methods
which
are
calibrated
in
reference
to
the
results
obtained
by
the
Indigo
Method
on
a
regular
basis,
if
approved
by
the Agency.
104—132
-61
-
3)
Chlorine
dioxide
must
be
measured
by
Standard
Methods,
Methods
410B
or
41OC.
f)
Temperature:
Standard
t’lethods,
Method
212.
g)
pH:
Standard Methods, Method
423.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.74(a)
(1987),
as amended
at
54
Fed.
Reg.
27526, June 29,
1989.
Section
611.532
Filtered
PUSs
A PWS that uses
a surface water source and does
not provide filtration
treatment
shall
begin
monitoring
December
31,
1990,
unless
the
Agency
has
determined,
pursuant to Section
611.128, that filtration
is
required,
in which
case
the
Agency
shall
specify
alternative
monitoring
requirements,
as
appropriate,
until
filtration
is
in place.
A PUS that uses
a
groundwater
source
under
the
direct
influence
of
surface
water
and
does
not
provide
filtration
treatment
shall
begin
monitoring
beginning
December
31,
1990,
or
6
months
after
the
Agency
determines, pursuant
to Section 611.128,
that the
groundwater
source
is
under the direct influence
of surface water, whichever
is later,
unless the Agency
has determined that filtration
is
required,
in
which
case
the
Agency
shall
specify
alternative
monitoring
requirements,
as
appropriate,
until
filtration
is
in
place.
a)
Fecal
colifom or total
coliform density measurements as
required
by
Section
611.131(a)
must
be
performed
on
representative
source
water
samples
immediately
prior
to
the
first
or
only
point
of
disinfectant
application.
The
PWS
shall
sample
for
fecal
or
total
coliforms
at
the
following
minimum
frequency
each
week
the
PWS
serves
water
to
the
public.
Persons
Served
Samples
More
Than:
per
Week
0
1
500
2
3300
3
10,000
4
25,000
5
Also,
one
fecal
or total
coliform density measurement must
be made
every
day
the
PUS
serves
water
to
the
public
and
the
turbidity
of
the
source
water
exceeds
1
NTU
(these
samples
count
towards
the
weekly
coliform sampling requirement)
unless the Agency determines that
the
PWS,
for
logistical
reasons
outside
the
PWS’s
control
cannot
have
the
sample
analyzed
within
30
hours
of
collection.
b)
Turbidity measurements as
required by Section 611.131(b)
must be
performed
on
representative
grab
samples
of
source
water
immediately
prior
to
the
first
or
only
point
of
disinfectant
application
every
four
hours
(or
more
frequently)
that
the
PUS
serves
water
to
the
public.
A
PWS
may
substitute
continuous
turbidity
monitoring
for
104--133
-62-
grab
sample
monitoring
if
it
validates
the
continuous
measurement
for
accuracy
on
a
regular
basis
using
a
protocol
approved
by
permit
condition.
c)
The
total
inactivation
ratio
for
each
day
that
the
PUS
is
in
operation must
ce
determinr.
based
on
the
0T99.9
values
in
Appendix
B
as
appropriate.
The rar~-netersnecessary to determine the total
inactivation
ratio must be monitored as
follows:
1)
The temperature
of the disinfected water must
be measured at
least
once
per
day
at
each
RDC
sampling
point.
2)
If the PWS
uses chlorine, the
pH of the disinfected water must
be
measured
at
least
once
per
day
at
each
chlorine
RDC
sampling
point.
3)
The disinfectant contact
time(s)
(“T”) must
be determined for
each day during
peak hourly flow.
4)
The
ROC(s)
(“C”)
of
the
water
before
or
at
the
first
customer
must
be
measured
each
day
during
peak
hourly
flow.
5)
If
a PWS
uses
a disinfectant
other than chlorine, the PWS may
monitor
by other methods approved pursuant to Section
611.141(a)(1)
and
(2).
d)
The
total
inactivation
ratio
must
be
calculated
as
follows:
1)
If
the
PWS
uses
only
one
point
of
disinfectant
application,
the
PUS
may
determine
the
total
inactivation
ratio
based
on
either
of the following two methods:
A)
One
inactivation
ratio
(Ai
=
Clcaic/CT99.9)
is
determined
before
or
at
the first
customer
during
peak
hourly
flow
and,
if
the
Ai
is
greater
than
1.0,
the 99.9
percent
Giardia
lamblia
inactivation
requirement
has
been
achieved;
or
B)
Successive
Ai
values, representing sequential
inactivation
ratios,
are
determined
between
the
point
of
disinfectant
application
and
a
point
before
or
at
the
first
customer
during peak hourly
flow.
Under this alternative,
the
following
method
must
be
used
to
calculate
the
total
inactivation
ratio:
i)
Determine,
for
each
sequence:
Ai
=
CTcalc/Cf99.9
ii)
Add the Ai
values
together:
B
=
SUM(Ai)
iii)
If B
is
greater than
1.0,
the 99.9 percent Giardia
104—134
—63—
lamblia inactivation requirement
has
been achieved.
2)
If the PWS uses more than
one point
of disinfectant
application
before
or
at
the
first
customer,
the
PUS
shall
determine the CT
value
of
each
disinfection
sequence
immediately
prior
to
the
next point
of disinfectant
application during peak hourly
flow.
The
Ai
value
of
each
sequence
and
B
must
be
calculated
using the method
in
subsection
(d)(1)(B)
to
determine
if
the
PUS
is
in
compliance with Section 611.141.
3)
Although
not
required,
the
total
percent
inactivation
(P1)
for
a
PUS with
one or more points
of RDC monitoring may be calculated
as
follows:
P1
=
100
-
(100/1038)
e)
The RDC of the water entering the distribution system must
be
monitored continuously, and the
lowest
value must
be
recorded each
day,
except
that
if
there
is
a failure
in
the
continuous
monitoring
equipment,
grab
sampling
every
4
hours
may
be
conducted
in
lieu
of
continuous
monitoring,
but
for
no
more
than
5
working
days
following
the
failure
of the equipment,
and PUSs serving
3,300
or fewer
persons
may
take
grab
samples
in
lieu
of
providing
continuous
monitoring
on
an
ongoing
basis
at the frequencies prescribed below:
PUS size,
by
population
Samples
More
than:
per
day:
0
1
500
2
1000
3
2500
4
If
at
any time the
residue
disinfectant
concentration
falls
below
0.2
mg/L
in
a
system
using
grab
sampling
in
lieu
of
continuous
monitoring,
the
PWS
shall
take
a
grab
sample
every
4
hours
until
the
RDC
is
equal
to
or
greater than
0.2 mg/L.
f)
Points
of measurement.
1)
The RDC must
be measured
at least
at
the same points
in the
distribution system and
at the same time
as
total
coliforms are
sampled,
as specified
in Section 611.521
et seq.,
except
that
the Agency
shall
allow
a PWS which uses both
a
surface water
source
or
a
groundwater source under direct influence of surface
water,
and
a
groundwater source
to take disinfectant residual
samples
at points
other than the total
coliform sampling points
if the Agency
determines that such points
are more
representative
of treated (disinfected) water quality within the
distribution
system.
HPC
may
be
measured
in
lieu
of
RDC.
2)
If the Agency determines, pursuant to Section 611.128,
a PUS has
104—135
-64-
no
means
for
having
a
sample
analyzed
for
HPC,
the
requirements
of
subsection
(f)(1)
do
not apply to that PUS.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.74(b)
(1987),
as
amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg. 27526, June 29,
1989.
Section 611.533
Filtered PUSs
A
PWS
that
uses
a
surface
water
source
or
a
groundwater
source
under
the
influence
of
surface
water
and
provides
filtration
treatment
shall
monitor
in
accordance with this Section beginning June
29,
1993,
or when filtration
is
installed, whichever
is
later.
a)
Turbidity measurements
as
required
by Section
611.150 must
be
performed
on
representative samples
of the PUS’s filtered water every
four hours
(or more frequently)
that the PWS
serves water
to the
public.
A PUS may substitute continuous turbidity monitoring for
grab sample monitoring
if
it validates the continuous measurement
for
accuracy on
a
regular basis
using
a
protocol approved by
permit
condition.
For
any PUSs using
slow sand filtration
or filtration
treatment
other
than
conventional
treatment,
direct
filtration
or
diatomaceous
earth
filtration,
the
Agency
shall
reduce
the
sampling
frequency to
once per day
if
it
determines that
less frequent
monitoring
is
sufficient
to
indicate
effective
filtration
performance.
For
PWSs
serving
500
or
fewer
persons,
the
Agency
shall
reduce
the turbidity sampling frequency to
once per day,
regardless
of
the
type
of
filtration
treatment
used,
if
the
Agency
determines
that
less
frequent
monitoring
is
sufficient
to
indicate
effective
filtration performance.
b)
RDC
entering
distribution
system.
1)
PUSs
servi rig
more
than
3300
persons.
The
RDC
of
the
water
eriteri
ng
the
di stni bution
system
must
be
moni toned
conti
nuously,
and
the
lowest
value
must
be
recorded
each
day,
except
that,
if
there
is
a
failure
in
the
continuous
nonitoing
equipment,
grab
sampling every
4 hours may be
conducted in
lieu
of continuous
monitoring,
but
for no more than
5 working days following the
failure of
the equipment.
2)
PWSs serving 3,300 or fewer persons may take grab samples
in
lieu
of
providing
continuous monitoring on
an
ongoing basis
at
the frequencies each
day prescribed below.
The day’s
samples
cannot
be taken
at
the
same
time.
The
sampling
intervals
must
be
specified by permit
condition.
Persons
Served
Samples
More
than:
per
Week:
O
1
500
2
1000
3
2500
4
104—136
—65-
If
at
any
time
the
RDC
falls
below
0.2
mg/L
in
a
system
using
grab
sampling
in
lieu
of
continuous
monitoring,
the
PWS
shall
take
a
grab
sample
every
4
hours
until
RDC
is
equal
to
or
greater
than
0.2
mg/L.
c)
Points
of measurement.
1)
The
RDC
must
be
measured
at
least
at
the
same
points
in
the
distribution
system
and
at
the
same
time
as
total
coiiforms
are
sampled,
as
specified
in
611.521
et
seq.,
except
that
the
Agency
shall
allow
a
PUS
which
uses
both
a
surface
water
source
or
a
groundwater
source
under
direct
influence
of
surface
water,
and
a
groundwater
source,
to
take
RDC
samples
at
points
other
than
the total
coliform sampling
points
if the Agency
determines
that
such points
are more representative of treated
(disinfected)
water
quality
within
the
distribution
system.
HPC
may
be
measured
in
lieu
of RDC.
2)
Subsection
(c)(1) does
not
apply
if the Agency
determines,
pursuant to Section
611.128(c),
that
a
system
has
no means
for
having
a sample ahalyzed for HPC.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.74(c)
(1987),
as amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg.
27526, June 29,
1989.
SUBPART
M:
TURBIDITY MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.560
Turbidity
The requirements
in this Section
apply
to unfiltered PWSs
until December
30,
1991, unless
the Agency
has determined prior
to
that date that filtration
is
required.
The requirements
in this Section apply
to filtered PUSs until
June
29,
1993.
The requirements
in this Section apply
to unfiltered PWSs that the
Agency
has determined must install
filtration,
until
June 29,
1993,
or until
filtration
is
installed, whichever
is
later.
a)
Samples must be taken
by
suppliers of water for both community and
non—CUSs
at
a
representative entry point(s)
to the water distribution
system at
least
once per day,
for the purposes of making turbidity
measurements
to
determine compliance with Section 611.320.
If the
Agency determines that
a reduced sampling frequency in
a non—
community will
not pose
a
risk to
public
health,
it can
reduce the
required sampling frequency. The option
of
reducing the turbidity
frequency will
be permitted only
in those PWSs that practice
disinfection
and which maintain
an active RDC
in
the distribution
system,
and
in
those cases where
the Agency
has
indicated in writing
that
no unreasonable
risk to
health existed under the circumstances
of this option. The turbidity measurements must be made
in accordance
with
the following methods, incorporated
by
reference
in Section
611.102:
By the Nephelometric Method:
1)
Standard Methods, Method 214A;
or
104-137
-66-
2)
Inorganic
Methods,
Method
180.1.
b)
If
the
result
of
a
turbidity
analysis
indicates
that
the
maximum
allowable
limit
has
been exceeded, the
sampling and measurement must
be confirmed
by
resampling as soon as practicable and preferably
within
on’~hour.
if
the
repeat
sample
con’:rms
that
the
~iaximum
allowable
limit
has
been
exceeded,
the
supplier
of
wooer
shall
report
to
the
Agency
within
48
hours.
The
repeat
sample
most
be
the
sample
used for the purpose
of calculating the monthly average.
If
the
monthly
average
of
the
daily
samples
exceeds
the
maximum
allowable
limit,
or
if the average
of two samples taken
on consecutive days
exceeds
5 TU,
the supplier of water
shall
report
to the Agency and
notify the public
as
directed
in
Subpart
T.
c)
Sampling for non-CUSs must begin
by June 29, 1991.
d)
This
Section
applies
only
to
PUSs
which
use
water
obtained
in
whole
or
in
part
from
surface
sources.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.22
(1987),
as
amended
at
54
Fed.
Reg.
27526,
June
29,
1989.
SUBPART N:
INORGANIC
MONITORING
AND
ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section 611.601
Requirements
a)
Analyses for the
purpose
of determining compliance with Section
611.300 are
required
as
follows:
1)
Analyses for
all CWSs utilizing surface water sources must
be
repeated at yearly
intervals.
BOARD
NOTE:
This applies also to
additional
State
requirements.
2)
Analyses
for
all
CUSs
utilizing
only
groundwater
sources
must
be
repeated
at
three—year
intervals.
BOARD NOTE:
This applies also to
additional State
requirements.
3)
For non—CUSs, whether supplied
by surface
or ground
sources,
analyses
for
nitrate
must
be
repeated
at
intervals
specified
by
permit
condition.
b)
If the
result
of
an
analysis made under
subsection
(a) or Section
611.607
indicates that
the
level
of any contaminant
listed
in Section
611.300
or 611.350 exceeds
the DCL,
the
PUS shall
report
to the
Agency within
7 days and
initiate three additional
analyses
at
the
same sampling point within
one month.
BOARD NOTE:
This applies also
to additional
State requirements.
c)
When
the
average
of four analyses made pursuant to subsection
(b),
rounded
to the
same number of
significant
figures
as
the
MCL for
the
substance
in question, exceeds
the DCL,
the supplier of water
shall
104—138
-67-
notify
the
Agency
and
give
notice
to
the
public
pursuant
to
Subpart
T.
Monitoring
after public notification must
be
at
a
frequency
designated
by the Agency and must continue until
the DCL
has
not
been
exceeded in two successive samples
or
until
a monitoring schedule
as
a condition to
a variance, adjusted standard
or enforcement
action
becomes effecti ye.
BOARD NOTE:
This applies also to
additional State
requirements.
d)
The provisions
of
subsections
(b)
and
(c) notwithstanding, compliance
with the MCL
of nitrate must
be determined
on
the
basis
of
the
mean
of two analyses. When
a
level
exceeding the MCL for nitrate
is
found,
a second
analysis must
be initiated
within
24
hours,
and
if the mean
of the two analyses exceeds the MCL,
the
supplier of water
shall
report
his findings to the Agency
and
snall
notify the
public
pursuant
to
Subpart
T.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.23(a)
through
(d)
(1987),
as
amended
at
53
Fed.
Reg.
5146,
February
19,
1988.
Section
611.606
Analytical Methods
Analyses conducted
to determine compliance with Section 611.300
or 611.350
must
be made
in
accordance with the following methods,
incorporated
by
reference
in Section 611.102.
For approved analytical
procedures for metals,
the technique applicable
to
total
metals must be
used.
a)
Arsenic:
1)
ASTM Method D2972;
or
2)
Standard Methods:
A)
Method
3O1A VII; or
B)
Method
404A
and
4048(4),
Spectrophotometric,
Silver
Diethyldithiocarbamate;
or
3)
USGS Methods, Method 1-1062-78,
pp.
61-63, Atomic Absorption
-
Gaseous Hydride;
or
4)
Inorganic Methods:
A)
Method
206.2, Atomic Absorption Furnace Technique;
or
B)
Method
206.3;
or
C)
Method 206.4;
or
5)
inductively Coupled Plasma Method 200.7.
b)
Barium:
1)
Standard Methods, Method 3O1A
IV, Atomic Absorption
—
Direct
104—139
-68-
Aspiration;
or
2)
Inorganic Methods:
A)
Method 208.1;
or
B)
Method
208.2, Atomic Absorption Furnace Technique;
or
3)
Inductively
Coupled
Plasma
Method
200.7.
c)
Cadmium:
1)
ASTM Method
0
3557A or B;
or
2)
Standard Methods, Method 3O1A
II
or III, Atomic Absorption
—
Direct Aspiration;
or
3)
Inorganic Methods:
A)
Method 213.1;
or
B)
Method
213.2, Atomic Absorption Furnace Technique;
or
4)
Inductively Coupled Plasma Method 200.7.
d)
Chromium:
1)
ASTM Method
0 1687;
or
2)
Standard Methods, Method 3O1A
II
or III, Atomic Absorption
-
Direct Aspiration;
or
3)
inorganic Methods:
A)
Method
218.1;
or
B)
Method
213.2,
Atomic
Absorption
Furnace
Technique;
or
4)
Inductively
Coupled
Plasma
Method
200.7.
e)
Lead:
1)
ASTM
Method
0
3559;
or
2)
Standard
Methods,
Method
3O1A
II
or
III,
Atomic
Absorption
-
Direct
Aspiration;
or
3)
Inorganic
Methods:
A)
Method
239.1;
or
8)
Method
239.2,
Atomic
Absorption
Furnace Technique.
f)
Mercury:
104-140
-69-
ethods:
352.1;
353.1,
353.2;
353.3;
1)
ASTM Method D
3223;
or
2)
Standard
Methods,
Method
3O1A
VI,
Manual
Cold
Vapor
Technique;
or
3)
Inorganic
Methods:
A)
Method
245.1;
or
B)
Method
245.2,
Automated
Cold
Vapor
Technique.
g)
Nitrate:
1)
ASTM:
Method
0
3867;
or
2)
Standard
Methods:
A)
Method
419C,
Spectrometric,
Cadmium
Reduction;
B)
Method
4190,
Colorimetric
Brucine;
or
C)
Method
605,
Automated
Cadmium
Reduction.
3)
Inorganic
M
A)
Method
or
B)
Method
Automated
Hydrazine
Reduction;
or
C)
Method
or
0)
Method
or
h)
Selenium:
1)
Inorganic
Methods
A)
Method
270.2,
Atomic
Absorption
Furnace
Technique;
or
B)
Method
270.3;
or
3)
USGS
Methods,
Method
1-1667—78,
pp.
237—239;
or
4)
ASTM Method
0 3859;
or
5)
Standard Methods, Method 301A VII, Hydride Generation
-
Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometry.
i)
Silver:
1)
Standard Methods, Method
3O1A II, Atomic Absorption
-
Direct
Aspiration;
or
104—141
-70-
2)
Inorganic Methods:
A)
Method
272.1;
or
B’
Method 272.2,
Atomic Absorption Furnace Technique;
or
3)
inductive’~Coupled Plasma Method
200.7.
j)
Fluoride:
1)
ASTM 0
1179;
or
2)
Standard Methods:
A)
Methods
43A
and
43C;
B)
Method
4138;
C)
Method
413E;
or
3)
Inorganic
Methods:
A)
Method
340.1;
B)
Method
340.2;
B)
Method
340.3;
or
4)
Technicon
Methods:
A)
#129-71W;
B)
38O-75WE.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
SF2 141.23~f)(1987),
as
amended
at
53
Fed.
Peg.
5146,
February
19,
1933.
k)
Manganese:
1)
ASTM
0
858;
2)
Standard Methods:
A)
Methods
303
A
or
B;
B)
Method
304;
or
C)
Method
319
B;
BOARD
NOTE:
These
methods
are
used
for
additional
State
requirements.
1)
Iron:
104—1
I~
2
—71—
1)
ASTM
D
1068;
2)
Standard
Methods:
A)
Methods
303
A
or
B;
B)
Method
304;
or
C)
Method
315
B.
BOARD
NOTE:
These
methods
are
used
for
additional
State
requi rements.
m)
Copper:
1)
ASTM
D1688;
2)
Standard
Methods:
A)
Methods
303
A
or
B;
B)
Method
304;
or,
C)
Method
313
B.
BOARD
NOTE:
These
methods
are
used
for
additional
State
requi rements.
n)
Zinc:
1)
ASTM
0
1691;
2)
Standard
Methods:
A)
Methods
303
A
or
B;
B)
Method
304;
or,
C)
Method
328
C.
BOARD
NOTE:
These
methods
are
used
for
additional
State
requirements.
o)
Cyanide:
1)
ASTM 0 2036;
2)
Standard Methods:
Methods 412
B,
C,
0
or
F.
BOARD NOTE:
These methods
are used for additional
State
requi rements.
Section 611.607
Fluoride Monitoring
104—143
—72—
In
addition to
complying with Section 611.601 through 611.606, PWSs
monitoring
for fluoride
shall
comply
with
the requirements
of this Section.
a)
Sampling points.
1)
Whee
the PWr
iraws wate— from one
source, the
PUS shall
take
one
samp’e
at the ent~ypoint
to
the
distribution system.
2)
Where the PWS draws water from more than
one source,
the PUS
shall
sample
each
source
at
the
entry
points
to
the
distribution
system.
3)
If the PW5 draws water from more than one source
and sources are
combined before distribution, the PUS
shall
sample
at
an entry
point
to the distribution system during
periods representative
of the
maximum
fluoride
levels
occurring
under
normal
operating
conditions.
b)
The Agency shall,
by permit condition,
alter the frequencies for
fluoride monitoring
as
set
out in Section 611.601(a)
to
increase or
decrease such frequency considering the following
factors:
1)
Reported concentrations from previously required monitoring,
2)
The
degree
of variation in
reported concentrations
and,
3)
Other factors which affect fluoride concentrations such as
changes
in
pumping
rates
in
groundwater
supplies or significant
changes
in
the
PWS’s
configuration,
operating procedures, source
of
water
and
changes
in
stream
flows.
c)
Monitoring
shall
be decreased from the frequencies
specified
in
Section
611.601(a)
upon
application
by
the
PUS
if
the
Agency
determines
that
the
PbS
is
unlikely
to
exceed
the
DCL,
conside~ing
the
factors
listed
in
subsection
(5).
Such
determination
must
be
by
permit
condition.
In
no case
shall
monito—ing
be
reduced
to
less
than
one sample every
10 years.
For PUSs monitoring once every
10
years,
the
Agency
shall
review
the
monitoring
results
every
ten
years
to determine whether more frequent monitoring
is
necessary.
d)
Analyses for fluoride under
this Section may
only be
used for
determining
compliance
if conducted by
laboratories
that have
analyzed performance evaluation samples
to within
+1-10
of
the
reference
value
at fluoride concentrations from 1.0 mg/L to
10.0
mg/L, within the last
12 months.
e)
Compliance with
the DCL must be determined
based
on each sampling
point.
If
any sampl ing
point
is
determined
to
be out of
compl iance,
the
PUS
is
deemed
to
be out of compliance.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived
from 40 CFR 141.23(g)
(1987),
as amended
at
53
Fed.
Reg.
5146, February
19,
1988.
Section 611.610
Special Monitoring
for Sodium
104--- 144
-73-
a)
CUSs
shall
collect
and analyze one sample
per plant
at the entry
point
of
the
distribution
system
for
the
determination
of
sodium
concentration levels;
samples
must be collected
and analyzed annually
for CUSs utilizing surface water sources
in
whole
or
in
part,
and
at
least
every three years
for CWSs utilizing solely
groundwater
sources.
The
minimum
number
of
samples
required
to
be
taken
by
the
CWS
is based
on the number
of treatment plants
used
by the CWS,
except
that
multiple
wells
drawing
raw
water
from
a
single
aquifer
may,
with
the
Agency
approval,
be
considered
one
treatment
plant
for
determining
the
minimum
number
of
samples.
The
Agency
shall
require
the
CWS
to
collect
and
analyze
water
samples
for
sodium
more
frequently
in
locations where the sodium content
is
variable.
b)
The CWS shall
report
to the Agency
the results
of the
analyses for
sodium within the first
10 days of the month following the month
in
which
the
sample
results
were
received
or
within
the
first
10
days
following the
end of the required monitoring period
as specified
by
permit
condition, whichever
of these
is
first.
If more
than annual
sampling
is
required the supplier
shall
report the average sodium
concentration within
10 days
of the month
following the month
in
which the analytical
results
of the last sample used
for the
annual
average was
received.
c)
The CWS
shall
notify the Agency and appropriate local
public health
officials of the sodium
levels
by written notice
by direct mail
within three months.
A copy of
each notice
required to
be provided
by
this subsection must be sent
to
the Agency within
10 days of
its
issuance.
d)
Analyses for
sodium must be
performed by the following methods,
incorporated
by
reference in Section 611.102:
1)
Standard Methods, Method
325B,
flame
photometric method;
2)
inorganic Methods:
A)
Method
273.1,
Atomic Absorption
—
Direct
Aspiration;
or
B)
Method 273.2, Atomic Absorption
—
Graphite Furnace;
or
3)
ASTM Method 01428.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from 40 CFR
141.41
(1987).
Section 611.621
Corrosivity Characteristics
a)
CWS5
shall
collect
samples from
a
representative entry point
to the
water distribution
system for the purpose of analysis
to determine
the corrosivity characteristics
of the water.
1)
The CWS
shall
collect two samples per
plant for analysis for
each plant
using surface water sources wholly or
in
part:
one
during mid-winter and
one during mid—summer.
The CWS
shall
i04•445
-74-
collect
one
sample
per
plant
for
analysis
for
each
plant
using
groundwater sources.
The minimum number
of samples required
to
be taken by the CWS must
be based
on
the number
of treatment
plants
used by the CWS, except
that multiple wells drawing raw
water from
a single aquifer are,
if
authorized
by
permit
condition, considered one treatment plant
for determining the
minimum number of samples.
2)
Determination of the corrosivity
characteristics
of the water
must
include
measurement
of
pH,
calcium
hardness,
alkalinity,
temperature,
total
dissolved solids
(total
filterable residue)
and calculation
of the Langelier Index
in accordance with
Section 611.623.
A)
The determination of corrosivity characteristics must be
based
on
one
round
of
sampling
(two
samples
per
plant
for
surface
water
and
one
sample
per
plant
for
groundwater
sources).
B)
If approved by permit condition,
the CWS may use
the
Aggressive Index,
as described
in Section
611.623,
instead
of the Langelier Index.
b)
The
CUS
shall
report
to
the
Agency
the
results
of
the
analyses
for
the corrosivity
characteristics within
the
first
10 days
of the month
following the month
in which
the sample
results were received. If
more frequent sampling
is
required by permit
condition,
the CUS may
accumulate
the data and
shall
report
each value within
10 days of
the
month
following the month
in which the analytical
results
of the last
sample was
received.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived
from 40 CFR
141.42(a) and
(b),
(1987).
Section
611.623
Analytical
Methods
for
Corrosivity
Analyses
conducted
to
Ceternine
the corrosi vity
of
the water
must
be
made
in
accordance
to
the
following
methods,
incorporated
by
reference
in
Section
611.102:
a)
Langelier
Index:
Standard
Methods,
Method
203.
b)
Aggressive
Index:
AUWA
C400—77, Revision
of C400—75.
c)
Total
Filtrable Residue:
1)
Standard Methods, Method 2088;
or
2)
inorganic
Methods,
Method
160.1.
d)
Temperature:
Standard Methods, Method
212.
e)
Calcium:
1)
Standard Methods,
Method
306C,
EDTA titnimetric method;
or
104
146
—75—
2)
ASTM
Method
D
1126;
or
3)
inorganic Methods,
Method
215.2.
f)
Alkalinity:
1)
Standard
Methods,
Method
403,
Methyl
Orange
end
point
pH
4.5;
or
2)
ASTM
Method
0
1067;
or
3)
inorganic
Methods,
Method
310.1.
g)
pH:
1)
Standard
Methods,
Method
424;
or
2)
inorganic
Methods, Method
150.1;
or
3)
ASTM
Method
0
1293.
h)
Chloride:
Standard
Methods,
Method
4O7C,
Potentiometric
Method
i)
Sulfate:
1)
Inorganic
Methods,
Turbidimetric
Method;
or
2)
Standard Methods,
Methods
426A
through
426D.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.42(c)
(1987).
Section 611.624
Construction Material
Identification
CWSs
shall
identify whether the following construction materials
are present
in their distribution
system and
report
to the Agency:
a)
Lead from piping,
solder, caulking, interior lining
of distribution
mai ns,
b)
Alloys
and home plumbing.
c)
Copper
from
piping
and
alloys,
service
lines
and
home
plumbing.
d)
Galvanized
piping,
service
lines and
home plumbing.
e)
Ferrous
piping
materials
such
as
cast
iron
and
steel.
f)
Asbestos cement
pipe.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.42(d),
(1987).
SUBPART
0:
ORGANiC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.641
Sampling
and
Analytical
Requirements
104—147
-76-
a)
An
analysis
of
substances
for
the
purpose
of
determining
compliance
with Section 611.310(a)
and
(b) must
be made
as
follows:
1)
The
Agency
shall,
by
permit
condition,
require
CUSs utilizing
surface water sources
to collect
samples during the period
of
the year whe
contamination by
pesticides
is most likely to
occur.
The
Agency
shall
require
the
CWS
to
repeat
these
analyses at least
annually.
BOARD NOTE:
This applies also to additional State requirements.
2)
The Agency
shall,
by permit condition,
require CWSs utilizing
only
groundwater
sources
to
collect
samples
at
least
once
every
three years.
BOARD NOTE:
This applies also to additional
State requirements.
b)
If
the
result
of
an
analysis
made pursuant
to subsection
(a)
indicates that the level
of any contaminant listed
in Section 611.310
(a)
and
(b)
exceeds
the DCL,
the CWS
shall
report
to the Agency
within
7 days
and initiate three
additional
analyses within one
month.
c)
When the average
of four analyses made pursuant to
subsection
(b),
rounded
to
the same number
of
significant
figures
as
the
MCL
for
the
substance
in question, exceeds the MCL,
the CWS shall
report
to the
Agency
and
give notice
to the public pursuant
to Subpart T.
Monitoring
after public notification must be
at
a
frequency
designated
by the Agency
and
must continue until
the MCL
has
not been
exceeded
in
two successive samples
or until
a monitoring schedule as
a
condition to
a variance, adjusted standard
or enforcement action
becomes
effecti ye.
BOft~D
NOTE:
Derived
from 40
SF2
141.24(a)
through
(d)
(1987),
as
amended
at
53 Fed.
Peg.
5146,
February 19,
1988.
Section 611.645
Analytical Methods
a)
Analysis made to determine compliance with Section 611.310(a)
must
be
made
in
accordance with the following methods,
incorporated
by
reference
in Section 611.102,
or
alternative methods approved
pursuant to Section 611.480:
1)
Pesticide Methods;
or
2)
ASTM
Method
0
3086;
or
3)
Standard Methods,
Method
5O9A;
or
4)
USGS Methods, Book
5, Chapter A—3,
pp.
24-39;
or
5)
SPE Test Method,
SPE
500.
104--148
—77—
b)
Analysis made to determine compliance with Section 611.310(b)
must
be
conducted
in
accordance with:
1)
Pesticide Methods;
or
2)
ASTM Method
0
3478;
or
3)
Standard Methods, Method
5098;
or
4)
USGS Method,
Book
5, Chapter A—3,
pp.
24—39.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(e,f)
(1987),
as amended
at
53 Fed.
Reg.
5146,
February
19,
1988.
Section 611.648
Sampling for Revised MCL5
Analysis of
the contaminants
listed
in Section 611.340(a) for purposes
of
determining
compliance with
the MCLs must
be conducted
as follows:
a)
CUSs using groundwater sources shall
sample
at
points
of
entry
to
the
distribution
system representative of each well
after any application
of treatment.
Sampling must be conducted
at
the same location(s)
or
more representative location(s) every three months for one year
except
as
provided
in subsection
(h)(1).
b)
CUSs using
surface water
shall
sample
at points
in the distribution
system representative
of each source
or
at
entry
points
to
the
distribution
system after any application
of treatment.
Surface
water
systems must sample each source every three months except
as
provided
in
subsection
(h)ç2).
Sampling must be
conducted at the
same location
or
a more representative location each quarter.
c)
If the
CWS draws water from more than one source
and sources are
combined
before
distribution,
the
CWS
shall
sample
at
an
entry
point
to
the
distribution
system
during periods
of
normal operating
conditions.
d)
Time for sampling.
1)
All CWSs and NTNCWSs
serving more than 3,300
people
shall
analyze
all
distribution
or
entry-point
samples,
as appropriate,
representing
all
source waters.
2)
All
other CUSs and NTNCWSs shall
analyze distribution or entry—
point
samples,
as required in this paragraph,
representing
all
source waters beginning
no later than January
1,
1991.
e)
If the
results
exceed the MCL, the CWS shall
initiate three
additional
analyses
at the
same sampling point within one month.
The
sample
results must
be averaged with the first
sampling result and
used for compliance determination
in accordance with subsection
(i).
The Agency
shall
delete
results
of
obvious sampling errors from
this calculation.
104-449
-78-
f)
Analysis for vinyl
chloride
is
required only for groundwater systems
that have detected one or more of the following two-carbon organic
compounds:
Trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene,
1,2-
dichloroethane,
1,1 ,1-trichloroethane,
ci s-1,2—dichloroethylene,
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene or 1,1-dichloroethylene.
The analysis for
vinyl
chloride
~
requi-ed
at
each dstributior or entry point
at
which
one
or
moore
of
the
two—carbon
organic
compounds
were
found.
If
the
first
analysis does not detect
vinyl
chloride,
the
Agency
shall
reduce the frequency of
vinyl
chloride monitoring
to
once every three
years for that sample
location or other sample locations which are
more
representative of
the same source.
g)
The
Agency
or CWSs may composite up
to
five samples from one or more
CUSs.
Compositing of
samples
is
to
be done
in the laboratory
by the
procedures
listed
below.
Samples must be
analyzed within fourteen
days
of collection.
If any organic contaminant
listed
in Section
611.340
is
detected
in the original
composite
sample,
a
sample from
each source that made
up
the composite sample must be
reanalyzed
individually within
fourteen days from sampling.
The
sample for
reanalysis cannot
be the
original
sample but can be
a duplicate
sample.
If duplicates
of the
original
samples
are
not
available,
new
samples
must be
taken
from each source
used
in
the original
composite
and analyzed for organic contaminants.
Reanalysis
must be
accomplished within fourteen days of the
second sample.
To composite
samples,
the
following
procedure must be
followed:
1)
Compositing samples prior to
GC
analysis.
A)
Add
5 ml
or equal
larger
amounts
of each sample
(up to
5
samples are allowed) to
a 25
ml
glass
syringe.
Special
precautions must
be made to maintain zero headspace in the
sy r i nge.
B)
The
samples
must
be
cooled
at
4
degrees
C
during
this
step
to minimize volatilization
losses.
C)
Mix
well
and
draw
out
a
5—ml
al i quot
for
analysis.
0)
Follow sample
introduction, purging and desorption steps
described
in
the method.
E)
If
less than five samples
are
used for compositing,
a
proportionately
smaller syringe may be
used.
1)
Compositing samples
prior
to GC/MS
analysis.
A)
Inject
5—ml
or
equal
larger
amounts
of
each
aqueous
sample
(up
to
5
samples
are
allowed)
into
a
25—nil
purging
device
using
the
sample
introduciton
technique
described
in
the
method.
B)
The total
volume
of the
sample
in the purging device
must
be
25
ml.
104—150
—79—
C)
Purge
and desorb
as
described
in
the method.
h)
The Agency shall,
by permit condition,
reduce
the
monitoring
frequency specified in subsections
(a) and
(b)
as
follows:
1)
The monitoring frequency for groundwater systems
is
as follows:
A)
When organic contaminants are not detected
in
the
first
sample
(or any subsequent
samples
that may be
taken
and
the
CWS
is
not vulnerable
as defined
in
subsection
(h)(4),
monitoring may be reduced
to one
sample and must be
repeated every
5 years.
B)
When organic contaminants are
not detected
in the
first
sample
(or any
subsequent
sample
that may be taken)
and the
CWS
is vulnerable
as defined
in
subsection
(h)(4):
i
)
Monitoring one sample
must be
repeated
every
3 years
for CWSs with more than 500 connections.
ii)
Monitoring one
sample must
be
repeated every
5 years
for CWSs with less than
500 connections.
C)
If
organic contaminants
are detected in
the first
sample
(or
any subsequent
sample that may
be taken)
regardless
of
vulnerability, monitoring must be
repeated every
3 months,
as
required under
subsection
(a).
2)
The
repeat monitoring frequency for surface water systems
is
as
fol
1 ows:
A)
When organic contaminants
are not detected
in the
first
year of quarterly sampling
(or
any other
subsequent sample
that may be taken)
and
the CWS
is
not
vulnerable
as defined
in subsection
(h)(4),
additional
monitoring
is
not
requi red.
B)
When organic contaminants are not detected
in
the first
year of quarterly sampling
(or any other
subsequent
sample
that
may be taken)
and the CUS
is
vulnerable
as defined
in
subsection
(h)(4):
i)
Monitoring must be
repeated every three years
(for
CWSs with
mnore than
500 connections).
ii)
Monitoring must
be repeated every five years
(for CWSs
with
less
than
500
connections).
C)
When organic contaminants
are detected
in the
first year of
quarterly sampling
(or any
other subsequent
sample that may
be
taken), regardless
of
vulnerability, monitoring must be
repeated every
3 months,
as required under subsection
(b).
3)
The Agency shall,
by
permit condition,
reduce the frequency of
104--151
-80-
monitoring
to
once
per
year
for
a
groundwater
system
or
surface
water system detecting organic contaminants at levels
consistently less than the MCL
for three consecutive years.
4)
Vulnerability of each CWS must
be determined-by the Agency based
upon an assessment
of the following factors:
A)
Previous monitoring
results.
B)
Number
of persons
served
by CWS.
C)
Proximity of
a smaller CWS to
a
larger CWS.
0)
Proximity to
corrinercial
or
industrial
use, disposal
or
storage
of the organic chemicals listed
in Section 611.340.
E)
Protection
of the water
source.
5)
A
CWS
is deemed
to
be
vulnerable
for
a
period
of
three
years
after any posi ti ye measu rement
of
one
or more contami nants
listed
in Sections 611.650(e), 611.657(d)
or
611.340(a),
except
for THMs
or other demonstrated disinfection by-products.
i)
Compliance with Section
611.340(a)
is determined based
on the results
of running
annual
average of quarterly sampling for
each sampling
location.
If one
location’s average
is greater than
the MCL, then
the CWS
is deemed
to
be out of compliance.
If
a CWS
has
a
distribution
system separable from other parts
of the distribution
system with
no interconnections,
only that part of the
system that
exceeds
any
MCL
as
specified in Section 611.340(a)
is
deemed
out
of
compliance.
The Agency
shall
reduce the public
notice
requirement
to
that portion
of the CWS which
is
out of compliance.
If any one
sample
result
would
cause the
annual average
to
he exceeded, then
the
CbS
is
deemed
to
be
out
of
compliance
imniediately.
For
CUSs
that
only
take
one
sample
per
location
because
no
organic
contaminants
were
detected,
compliance
is
based
on
that
one
sample.
j)
Analysis under this Section must be
conducted
using the following
methods
or alternatives approved pursuant
to Section 611.480.
These
methods
are
contained
in
Organic
Methods,
incorporated
by
reference
in Section 611.102:
1)
Method
502.1.
2)
Method
503.1.
3)
Method
524.1.
4)
Method
524.2.
5)
Method
502.2.
k)
Analysis
under
this
Section
must
only
be
conducted
by
laboratories
that
have
received
conditional
approval
by
the
Agency,
pursuant
to
104-152
-81-
Section 611.490, according to the following conditions:
1)
To
receive conditional
approval
to conduct analyses for benzene,
vinyl
chloride, carbon
tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane,
trichloroethylene,
1,1—dichloroethylene,
1,1 ,1—trichloroethane
and paradichlorobenzene the laboratory
shall:
A)
Analyze performance evaluation
samples which
include these
substances provided by the Agency.
B)
Achieve the quantitative acceptance
limits under subsection
(k)(1)(C) or
(D) for
at
least
six of
the seven subject
organic
chemicals.
C)
Achieve quantitative results
on the analyses performed
under subsection
(k)(1)(A) that are within
+1—
20 percent
of
the
actual
amount
of
the substances
in the performance
evaluation
sample when the
actual
amount
is greater than or
equal
to 0.010 mg/L.
0)
Achieve
quantitative
results
on
the
analyses
performed
under subsection
(k)(1)(A) that
are within
+/-
40
percent
of the
actual
amount
of the substances
in the performance
evaluation
sample when the
actual
amount
is less than 0.010
mg/L.
E)
Achieve
a method detection
limit
of 0.0005
rng/L, according
to the procedures
in
40 CFR
136, App.
B,
incorporated
by
reference
in Section 611.102
F)
Be currently approved
by the Agency for the analyses of
THMs under Subpart
P.
2)
To receive conditional
approval for vinyl
chloride, the
laboratory shall:
A)
Analyze performance evaluation
samples provided by the
Agency.
B)
Achieve
quantitative
results
on
the
analyses
performed
under subsection
(k)(2)(A) that are within
+/—
40 percent
of
the
actual
amount
of
vinyl
chloride
in
the
performance
evaluation
sample.
C)
Achieve
a method detection limit
of 0.0005 mg/L, according
to the procedures
in
40 CFR
136, App.
B,
incorporated
by
reference
in
Section
611.102.
0)
Receive
approval
or
be currently approved by the Agency
under subsection
(k)(1).
m)
The Agency shall,
by
permit condition, increase required monitoring
where necessary to
detect
variations
within
the
CWS.
10L~~-153
-82-
a)
Each approved laboratory
shall
determine the method
detection limit
(MDL),
as
defined
in
40 CFR 136, App. B,
incorporated
by
reference
in
Section
611.102,
at which
it
is capable of detecting organic
contaminants.
The acceptable MDL
is
0.0005 mg/L.
This concentration
is the detection level
for purposes of
subsections
(e),
(f),
(g) and
(h).
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.24(g)
(1987),
as
amended
at
52
Fed.
Reg. 25712 July 8,
1987,
and
53 Fed. Reg. 25109, July
1,
1988.
Section
611.650
Special
Monitoring
a)
All
CW5s
and
MTNCWSs
shall
monitor
for
the
contaminants
listed
in
subsection
(e)
by the following dates:
1)
Less
than
3300
persons
served:
monitoring
to
begin
no
later
than January
1,
1991.
2)
All
others:
ininediately.
b)
Surface water
systems
shall
sample
at points
in the distribution
system representative of each water
source
or
at
entry
points
to
the
distribution
system after
any applicaiton
of treatment.
The minimum
number
of samples
is
one year of quarterly samples
per water source.
c)
Groundwater systems
shall
sample
at
points
of
entry
to the
distribution system representative of each well
after any application
of treatment.
The minimum number of samples
is
one
sample per entry
point
to the distribution system.
e)
CUSs and
NTNCWS
shall
monitor for
the
following contaminants except
as provided
in
subsection
(f):
1)
Chlorofor-nn
2)
Bromodichloromnethane
3)
Chlorodibromomethane
4)
Bromoform
5)
trans—1,2—Dichloroethylene
6)
Chlorobenzene
7)
rn—Dichlorobenzene
8)
Dichloromoethane
9)
cis-1,2-Dichioroethylene
10)
o-Dichlorobenzene
11)
Dibromnomethane
104--i 54
-83-
12)
1,1—Dichloropropene
13)
Tetrachloroethylene
14)
Toluene
15)
p-Xylene
16)
o-Xylene
17)
m—Xyiene
18)
1,1—Dichloroethane
19)
1,2-Dichloropropane
20)
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
21)
Ethylbenzene
22)
1,3-Dichloropropane
23)
Styrene
24)
Chloroniethane
25)
Bromomethane
26)
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
27)
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
28)
Chloroethane
29)
1,1,2—Trichloroethane
30)
2,2—Dichloropropane
31)
o-Chlorotoluene
32)
p-Chlorotoluene
33)
Bromobenzene
34)
1,3—Dichloropropene
35)
Ethylene
dibromide
(EDB)
36)
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
(DBCP)
f)
CUSs
and NTNCWS
shall
monitor
for EDB and DBCP only
if the Agency
determines they
are vulnerable
to contamination by either or
both of
these
substances.
For the purpose
of this subsection,
a
“vulnerable
104--155
-84-
system~ is
defined
as
a
system which
is
potentially contaminated
by
EDB
and DBCP,
including surface water systems where these
two
compounds are
applied, manufactured,
stored, disposed of or shipped
upstream,
and for groundwater systems
in areas
where the compounds
are
applied,
manufactur~d,stored,
disposed
of
or~shipped
in
the
groundwater
recharge basi~,or for groundwater systems that are
in
proximity to underground
storage
tanKs
that
contain
leaded gasoline.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.40(a)
through
(f)
(1987),
as
amended
at
52
Fed.
Reg.
25712,
July
8,
1987,
and
at
53
Fed.
Reg.
25109,
July
1,
1988.
Section
611.657
Analytical
Methods for Special Monitoring
a)
Analysis
under Section
611.650 must
be conducted
using the following
methods found
in Organic Methods,
incorporated
by
reference
in
Section 611.102:
1)
Method
502.1;
2)
Method 503.1;
3)
Method
524.1;
4)
Method
524.2;
5)
Method
502.2;
or
6)
Method
504.
b)
Analysis
under
this Section must only
be conducted by
laboratories
approved under Section
611.648(k).
in
addition
to
the
requirements
of
that Section,
each laboratory analyzing
for
EBB
and
DBCP
shel
1
achieve
a
method
detection
limit
for
EDO
and DBCP
of
0.00002
ng/L,
according
to
the
procedures
in
40
CFR
136,
App.
B,
incorporated
by
reference
in Section
611.102.
c)
PWSs may
use monitoring data collected any time after January
1,
1983
to meet the requirements
for unregulated monitoring,
provided that
the monitoring program was
consistent
with
the requirements
of this
Section.
In addition, the
results
of
a
groundwater supply
survey may
be used
in
a similar manner for PWSs supplied
by
a
single well.
e)
Instead of
performing
the
monitoring
required by this Section,
a CWS
or
NTNCWS
serving
fewer
than
150 service connections may send
a
letter
to
the
Agency
stating
that
the
PWS
is
available
for
sampling.
This
letter
must
be
sent
to
the
Agency
no
later
than
January
1,
1991.
The PWS shall
not send
such
sampl
es
to
the Agency,
unless
requested
to
do
so
by
the
Agency.
f)
All
CWSs and NTNCWSs shall
repeat
the
monitoring
required
in
Section
611.650
no less
frequently than every
five years from
the
dates
specified
in Section 611.650(a).
104—156
-85-
g)
Agencys
or
PWSs
may
composite
up
to
five
samples
when
monitoring
for
substances
in
Section
611.650(e).
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from 40 CFR 141.40(g-m)
(1987),
as
amended
at
52
Fed.
Peg.
25712,
July
8,
1987,
and
at
53
Fed.
Reg.
25109,
July
1,
1988.
SUBPART
P:
THM MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.600
Sampling,
Analytical
and
other
Requirements
a)
Required monitoring.
1)
CWSs
which
serve
a
population
of
10,000
or
more
individuals
and
which
add a disinfectant
(oxidant)
to
the
water
in any part of
the
drinking
water
treatment
process
shall
analyze
for
TTHMs
in
accordance
with
this
Section.
2)
For the purpose
of this Section, the minimum number
of
samples
required
to
be
taken
by
the
system
must
be
based
on
the
number
of treatment plants
used by the
system.
However, the Agency
shall,
by
permit condition,
provide that multiple wells
drawing
raw
water
from
a
single
aquifer
be
considered
one
treatment
plant
for
determining
the
minimum
number
of
samples.
3)
All
samples taken within
an established frequency must
be
collected within
a
24—hour period.
b)
Surface water sources.
1)
For
all CWSs~utilizing surface water sources
in whole
or
in
part,
and
for
all
CWSs
utilizing
only
groundwater
sources,
except
as provided
in
Section 611.683,
analyses
for TTHMs must
be
performed at quarterly intervals on
at
least
four water
samples
for each treatment plant
used by the system.
At
least
25 percent
of the
samples must be
taken
at
locations within the
distribution
system reflecting
the maximum residence time of the
water
in the
system.
The remaining 75 percent
must be
taken
at
representative locations
in
the distribution
system, taking
into
account number of
persons served, different sources
of water
and
different treatment methods
employed.
The results
of
all
analyses per quarter must
be arithmetically averaged
and
reported to
the Agency within
30 days
of the CWS’s
receipt
of
such
results.
All
samples collected must be
used
in the
computation
of
the
average, unless the
analytical
results
are
invalidated
for technical
reasons.
Sampling
and analyses must
be conducted
in accordance with the methods
listed
in Section
611.685.
2)
Upon application
by
a CWS, the Agency shall,
by permit
condition,
reduce the monitoring frequency required by
subsection
(b)(1)
to
a minimum
of one sample
analyzed
for TTHMs
per quarter taken
at
a
point
in
the distribution system
reflecting the maximum residence time of the water
in
the
104157
-86-
system,
if
the Agency determines
that the data from at least
1
year of monitoring
in accordance with subsection
(b)(1)
and
local
conditions
demonstrate that TTHM concentrations will
be
consistently below the MCL.
3)
If
at
any time during which the reduced monitoring frequency
pre~cribedunder
this subsection
applies, the
results from any
analysis exceed 0.10 mg/L TTHMs
and such results are confirmed
by
at least
one check
sample taken
promptly after such results
are
received,
or
if the CWS makes
any significant change
to its
source
of water
or treatment program, the CWS
shall
immediately
begin monitoring
in
accordance with the requirements
of
subsection
(b)(1),
which monitoring must continue
for at
least
1
year before the frequency may be
reduced again.
The Agency
shall,
by permit
condition,
require monitoring
in
excess
of the
minimum frequency where
it
is necessary
to detect
variations
of
TTHM levels within
the distribution
system.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.30(a,b)
(1987).
Section 611.683
Reduced Monitoring Frequency
a)
A CWS utilizing only groundwater sources may, by
permit
application,
seek to have the monitoring frequency required by Section
611.681(b)(1)
reduced
to
a minimum of one sample for maximum TTHM
potential per year for each treatment plant
used by
the CWS,
taken
at
a point
in
the distribution
system reflecting maximum residence time
of the water
in
the system.
1)
The CWS shall
submit
to the Agency the
results
of
at
least one
sample analyzed for maximum TTHM potential
for each treatment
plant
used
by the CWS,
taken
at
a point
in
the distribution
system
reflecting
the
maximum residence
time of the water
in the
sy
stem.
2)
The Agency shall
reduce the
CbS ‘s
monitoring
fequency
if
it
determines
that,
based
upon
the
data
submi tted
by
the
CbS,
the
CbS
has
a maximum TTHM potential
of less than 0.10 mg/L
and
that, based
upon an assessment
of
the
local
conditions
of the
CbS,
the CWS
is
not likely
to approach or exceed
the
MCL
for
TTHFls.
3)
The
results
of
all
analyses
must
be
reported
to
the
Agency
within
30
days
of
the
CbS’s
receipt
of
such
results.
4)
All
samples
collected
must
be
used
for
determining
whether
the
CbS
complies with
the monitoring requirements
of
Section
611.681(b),
unless
the analytical
results
are inval idated for
technical
reasons.
5)
Sampling and analyses must be conducted
in
accordance with the
methods
listed
in
Section 611.685.
b)
Loss
or modification
of reduced monitoring frequency.
104-150
-87-
1)
If the
results
from
any
analysis taken
by the CbS
for maximum
TTHM potential
are
equal
to
or
greater than 0.10 mg/L,
and
such
results are confirmed by
at
least
one check
sample taken
promptly after
such
results are received, the CWS shall
immediately
begin
monitoring
in
accordance
with
the
requirements
of Section
611.681(b),
and
such monitoring must continue
for
at
least
one
year
befo~’ethe
frequency
may
be
reduced
again.
2)
in
the
event
of
any
significant
change
to
the
CWS’s
raw
water
or
treatment
program,
the
CWS
shall
immediately
analyze
an
additional
sample
for maximum
TTHM
potential
taken
at
a point
in
the distribution system reflecting maximum
residence time of the
water
in
the
system.
3)
The Agency shall
require increased monitoring
frequencies above
the minimum where necessary to detect variation of TTHM levels
within
the distribution
system.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.30
(c)
(1987).
Section 611.684
Averaging
Compliance with Section 611.310(c)
is determined
based
on
a
running
annual
average
of quarterly
samples collected by
the CWS
as prescribed
in Section
611.681(b)(1) or
(2).
If the average
of samples covering any12 month
period
exceeds
the MCL, the
CWS
shall
report
to the Agency
and notify the public
pursuant to Subpart
T.
Monitoring after public notification must
be at
a
frequency designated
by the Agency and must continue until
a monitoring
schedule
as
a condition to
a variance, adjusted standard or enforcement
action
becomes effective.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.30(d)
(1987).
Section 611.685
Analytical Methods
Sampling
and
analyses
made
pursuant
to
this Subpart must be conducted
by one
of the following methods,
incorporated
by
reference in Section 611.102:
a)
“The
Analysis
of Trihalomethanes
in Drinking Waters
by the Purge and
Trap Method,” Method
501.1.
b)
“The Analysis
of Trihalomethanes
in Drinking Water
by Liquid/Liquid
Extraction,” Method
501.2.
Samples for TTHM must
be dechlorinated
upon collection
to
prevent further production
of Trihalomethanes,
according to the procedures described
in
the above two methods.
Samples
for maximum TTHM potential must
not
be dechlorinated,
and
must
be held for
seven days
at
25 degrees C
(or
above)
prior
to
analysis,
according
to
the
procedures
described
in
the
above
two
methods.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.30(e)
(1987).
Section 611.686
Modification to System
104-159
-88-
Before
a CWS makes
any significant modifications
to
its existing treatment
process
for
the
purposes
of
achieving
compliance
with
Section
611.310(c),
the
CWS shall
submit,
by
way
of
permit
application,
a detailed plan setting forth
its proposed modification and
those safeguards
that
it
wil-l
implement to
ensure that t~~e
bacLe-iological
quality
of the drinking water served
by the
CWS
will
not
be
adversely
affected
by
such
modification.
Upon
approval,
the
plan will become
a
permit condition.
At
a minimum,
the plan must require the
CWS
modifying
its
disinfection
practice
to:
a)
Evaluate the water system for sanitary defects and evaluate the
source water for biological quality;
b)
Evaluate
its existing treatment practices and consider improvements
that will
minimize disinfectant demand
and optimize finished water
quality throughout
the distribution system;
c)
Provide baseline water quality survey data
of the distribution
system.
Such data should
include the results
from monitoring for
coliform and
fecal
coliform bacteria, fecal
streptococci, standard
plate
counts
at
35 degrees
C and 20 degrees
C,
phosphate,
ammonia
nitrogen
and total
organic carbon.
Virus studies are required where
source waters are heavily contaminated with sewage
effluent;
d)
Conduct additional
monitoring
to assure continued maintenance
of
optimal
biological
quality
in
finished water,
for example, when
chloramines
are introduced
as disinfectants or when pre—chlorination
is
being discontinued.
Additional
monitoring should also be required
by the Agency
for chlorate, chlorite and chlorine dioxide
when
chlorine dioxide
is
used.
Standard plate
count analyses
should
also
be
required
by the Agency
as
appropriate
before and after any
modifications;
a)
Consider
mci
usion
in
the
plan
of
provisions
to
maintain
an ~ctiye
RTC
th~oighout
the
di st~ibution
system
at
all
times
du ~ing
and after
toe
modification.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived
from 40 CFR
141.30(f)
(1987).
SUBPART
Q;
RADI OLOGI
CAL
MONITORING
AND
ANALYTI
CAL
REQUI REMENTS
Section 611.720
Analytical
Methods
a)
The
methods
specified
below,
incorporated
by
reference
in
Section
611.102,
are to
be
used to determine compliance with Sections 611.330
and
611.331,
except
in
cases
where
alternative
methods
have
been
approved
in
accordance
with
Section
611.480.
1)
Radiochemical
Methods;
2)
Standard
Methods:
A)
Gross
Alpha
and
Beta:
Method
302;
10~—160
-89-
B)
Total
Radium:
Method
304;
C)
Radium-226:
Method
305;
0)
Strontium—89,90:
Method
303;
E)
Tritium:
Method
306;
3)
ASTM
Methods:
A)
Cesium-134:
ASTM D-2459;
B)
Uranium:
ASTM
D-2907.
b)
When the identification and measurement
of
radionuclides other than
those listed
in
subsection
(a)
is
required, the following methods,
incorporated
by
reference
in Section 611.102,
are to
be used,
except
in
cases
where
alternative
methods
have
been
approved
in
accordance
with Section 611.480:
1)
“Procedures
for
Radiochemical
Analysis
of
Nuclear
Reactor
Aqueous Solutions,
available from USEPA.
2)
HASL Procedure Manual,
HASL 300,
available from ERDA Health
and
Safety Laboratory.
c)
For
the purpose
of monitoring radioactivity concentrations
in
drinking water,
the
required sensitivity
of the radioanalysis
is
defined
in
terms
of
a detection
limit.
The detection
limit
must be
that concentration which
can be counted with
a precision
of plus
or
minus
100 percent
at the
95 percent confidence
level
(1.96 delta
where delta
is the standard deviation of
the net counting
rate of the
sample).
1)
To determine compliance with Section 611.330(a) the detection
limit must
not exceed
1
pCi/L.
To determine compliance with
Section 611.330(b) the detection
limit
must
not exceed
3 pCi/L.
2)
To determine compliance with Section 611.331 the detection
limits
must not exceed the concentrations listed
in that
Section.
d)
To judge compliance with
the MCL5 listed
in Sections 611.330
and
611.331, averages
of data must be used
and must
be
rounded
to the
same
number
of
significant
figures
as
the
MCL
for
the
substance
in
questi on.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.25
(1987).
Section 611.731
Gross Alpha
Monitoring requirements
for gross
alpha
particle activity,
radium—226 and
radium—228
are
as
follows:
104—161
-90-
a)
Compliance
must
be
based
on
the
analysis
of
an
annual
composite
of
four
consecutive
quarterly
samples
or
the
average
of
the
analyses
of
four
samples
obtained
at
quarterly
intervals.
1)
A
gross
alpha
particle
activity
measurement
may
be
substituted
for
the required radium-226 and radium-228
analysis;
provided,
that,
the measured gross
alpha particle activity does
not exceed
5
pCi/L
at
a
confidence
level
of
95
percent
(1.65
delta
where
delta
is
the
standard
deviation
of
the
net
counting
rate
of
the
sample).
In
localities
where
radium—228
may
be
present
in
drinking water,
the Agency may,
by permit condition,
require
radium-226
or radiurn-228 analyses when
the gross alpha
particle
activity exceeds
2 pCi/L.
2)
When
the gross
alpha particle activity exceeds
5 pCi/L, the
same
or
an
equivalent sample must
be
analyzed for radium-226.
If the
concentration
of
radium-226 exceeds
3 pCi/L the
same or
an
equivalent
sample must
be analyzed
for
radium—228.
c)
CWS’s
shall
monitor at
least
once every four years following the
procedure required by
subsection
(a).
When an
annual
record taken
in
conformance
with
subsection
(a)
has
established
that
the
average
annual
concentration
is
less than half the MCL5 established by
Section 611.330,
the Agency shall,
by permit
condition,
substitute
analysis
of
a single sample for
the quarterly sampling procedure
required
by subsection
(a).
1)
The Agency
shall,
by permit condition,
require more frequent
monitoring
in the vicinity
of mining
or
other operations which
may contribute alpha
particle radioactivity to either surface
or
groundwater
sources
of
drinking
water.
2)
A
CUB
shall
monitor
in
conformance
with
subsacti
on
(a)
for
one
year
after
the
introduction
of
a
nan
water
source.
The
Agency
shall
,
by
permit
condi ti
on,
equi
re
more
frequent
monitoring
in
the
event
of
possi
ole contami nation
or
when
changes
in
the
distribution
system
or
treatment
processing
occur
which
may
increase
the
concentration
of
radioactivity
in
finished
water.
3)
The
Agency
shall,
by
permit
condition,
require
a
CbS
using
two
or
more
sources
having
different
concentrations
of
radioactivity
to
monitor
source
water,
in
addition
to
water
from
a
free-
flowing
tap.
4)
The
Agency
shall
not
require
monitoring
for
radium-228
to
determine
compliance
with
Section
611.330
after
the
initial
period;
provided,
that the average annual
concentration of
radiuni—223
has
been
assayed
at
least
once
using
the
quarterly
sampling
p~ocedurerequired
by
subsection
(a).
5)
The Agency
shall
require the CWS
to conduct
annual
monitoring
if
the radium-226 concentration exceeds
3
pCi/L.
d)
If the average annual
MCL
for gross alpha particle
activity
or total
104—162
-91-
radium
as
set forth
in Section 611.330
is exceeded,
the CWS
shall
give
notice
to
the
Agency
and
notify
the
public
as
required
by
Subpart
T.
Monitoring
at
quarterly
intervals
must
be
continued
until
the
annual
average
concentration
no longer exceeds the MCL
or until
a
monitoring
schedule
as
a
condition
to
a
variance,
adjusted
standard
or
enforcement
action
becomes
effective.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.26(a)
(1987).
Section
611.732
Manmade
Radioactivity
Monitoring
requirements
for
manmade
radioactivity
in
CWSs
are
as
follows:
a)
CWSs
using
surface water sources and serving more than 100,000
persons
and
such
other
CUSs
as
the
Agency
by
permit
condition
requires
must
monitor
for
compliance
with
Section
611.331
by analysis
of
a
composite of four consecutive quarterly samples
or analysis
of
four
quarterly
samples.
Compliance
with
Section
611.331
is
assumed
without
further
analysis
if
the
average
annual
concentration
of
gross
beta
particle
activity
is
less
than
50
pCi/L
and
if
the
average
annual
concentrations
of
tritium
and
strontium—90
are
less
than
those
listed
in
Section
611.331;
provided,
that
if both radionuclides are
present
the
sum
of
their
annual
does
equivalents
to bone marrow must
not exceed
4
millirem/year.
1)
if the
gross beta particle activity exceeds
50 pCi/L,
an
analysis
of the sample must be
performed to
identify the major
radioactive constituents
present and the appropriate organ and
total
body
doses
must
be
calculated
to
determine
compliance
with
Section
611.331.
2)
if the
MCLs are exceeded, the Agency
shall
require the CWS to
conduct
additional
monitoring
to determine
the concentration
of
man—made radioactivity
in principal watersheds.
3)
The Agency may,
by permit condition,
require
suppliers
of water
utilizing only groundwater
to monitor for man—made
radioacti vity.
c)
CWSs
shall
monitor
at
least
every
four
years following
the procedure
in
subsection
(a).
d)
The Agency shall,
by permit
condition,
require any CWS utilizing
waters
contaminated
by
effluents
from
nuclear
facilities
to
initiate
quarterly
monitoring
for
gross
beta particle and iodine-131
radioactivity
and
annual
monitoring
for
strontium-90
and
tritium.
1)
Quarterly
monitoring
for
gross
beta
particle
activity must be
based
on the analysis of monthly samples
or
the analysis
of
a
composite
of three monthly samples.
If
the gross
beta particle
activity in
a sample
exceeds
15 pCi/L,
the same or
an equivalent
sample must
be analyzed
for strontium-89 and cesium-134.
If the
gross beta particle activity exceeds
50 pCi/L,
an analysis
of
the sample
must be performed
to
identify the major radioactive
104-163
-92-
constitutents present and
the appropriate organ and total
body
doses
must
be
calculated
to
determine
compliance
with
Section
611.331.
2)
For
iodine-131,
a
composite
of
five
consecutive
daily
samples
must
be
analyzed
once
each
quarter.
The
Agency
shall,
by
permit
condition,
require more frequent monitoring when iodine-131
is
identified
in
the
finished
water.
3)
The
Agency
shall,
by
permit
condition,
require
annual
monitoring
for
strontium-90
and
tritium
by
means
of
the
analysis
of
a
composite of
four consecutive quarterly samples
or analysis
of
four
quarterly
samples.
4)
The Agency shall,
by permit condition, allow the substitution
of
environmental surveillance data taken
in conjunction with
a
nuclear facility for direct monitoring of manmade radioactivity
by
the
CWS
where
the
Agency
determines
such
data
is
applicable
to the CWS.
e)
If the average annual
MCL
for man—made radioactivity set forth
in
Section 611.331
is
exceeded,
the operator
of
a CWS
shall
give notice
to the Agency and to the public
as
required by Subpart T.
Monitoring
at monthly intervals must be continued until
the concentration
no
longer exceeds
the
MCL
or until
a monitoring
schedule as
a condition
to
a variance, adjusted standard or enforcement
action becomes
effect i ye.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.26(b)
(1987).
SUBPART
T:
REPORTING,
PUBLIC
NOTIFICATION
AND
RECORDKEEPING
Section
611.830
Applicability
Except
as
otherwise
provided,
this
Subpart
applies
to
violations
of
both
identical
in
substance
regulations
and
additional
State
requirements.
Section 611.831
Monthly Operating Report
Within
30 days following
the last day of the month,
each PUS
shall
submit
a
monthly
operating
report
to
the
Agency,
on
forms
provided
or
approved
by
the
Agency.
BOARD
NOTE:
This
is
an
additional
State
requirement.
Section
611.832
Notice
by
Agency
The
Agency
may
give
the
public
notices
requi
~ed in this Part on
behalf of the
PUS.
However,
the
PUS
remains
responsi ble
for
ensuring
that
the
requi rements
of
this
Part
are
met.
BOARD
NOTE:
Drawn
from
40
CFR
141.32(g)
and
141.34(a)(1)
(1987),
as
amended
at
52 Fed. Reg. 41546, October
28,
1987.
104164
-93-
Section 611.833
Cross Connection Reporting
Each CWS exempted pursuant to Section 17(b)
of the Act from the disinfection
requirement shall
report monthly to the Agency
its activity to educate
and
inform
its customers about
preventing contamination into the distribution
system.
BOARD NOTE:
This
is
an additional
State
requirement.
Section 611.840
Reporting
a)
Except where
a shorter
period
is specified
in
this Part,
a
PWS shall
report
to
the
Agency
the
results
of
any
test
measurement
or
analysis
required
by
this
Part
within
the
following
times,
whichever
is
shortest:
1)
The
first ten
days following the month
in which the
result
is
received;
or
2)
The
first
ten
days
following
the
end
of
the
required
monitoring
period,
as specified
by permit
condition.
b)
Except where
a different reporting period
is
specified
in this Part,
the PWS
shall
report
to the Agency within
48 hours:
The failure
to
comply with any provision
(including failure
to
comply with
monitoring
requirements)
in
this Part.
c)
The PWS
is not required to
report analytical
results
to the Agency
in
cases
where
an
Agency
laboratory
performs
the
analysis.
d)
The
PWS,
within
ten
days
of
completion
of
each
public
notification
required
pursuant
to
Section
611.851
et
seq.,
shall
submit
to
the
Agency
a representative copy
of each type of notice distributed,
published,
posted
or
made
available
to
the
persons
served
by
the
PWS
or
to
the
media.
e)
The
PWS shall
submit
to the Agency within
the time stated
in the
request copies
of
any
records
required to
be maintained
under Section
611.860 or
copies
of any documents then
in existence which the Agency
is
entitled
to inspect pursuant to the authority of Section
4 of
the
Act.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.31
(1987),
as amended
at
54 Fed.
Reg.
27562, June 29,
1989.
Section
611.851
Reporting
MCL
and
other
Violations
A PWS which fails
to comply with an applicable MCL
or treatment technique
established
by this Part or which fails
to
comply with the
requirements
of
any
schedule prescribed pursuant
to
a variance
or adjusted standard shall
notify
persons
served
by
the
PWS
as
follows:
a)
Except
as provided
in subsection
(c),
the PWS
shall
give notice:
104—165
-94-
1)
By
publication
in
a
daily
newspaper
of
general
circulation
in
the
area served
by the PWS
as
soon as possible, but
in
no case
later
than
14
days
after
the
violation
or
failure.
If
the
area
served
by
a
PWS
is
not
served
by
a
daily
newspaper
of
general
circulation,
notice
must
instead
be
given
by
publication
in
a
weekly
newspaper
of
general
circulation
serving
the
area;
and
2)
By
mail
delivery
(by
direct
mail
or
with
the
water
bill),
or
by
hand delivery, not
later than
45 days after the violation
or
failure.
This
is
not required
if the Agency
determines that the
PWS
in
violation has corrected the violation
or failure within
the 45-day
period;
and
3)
For
violations
of the MCLs of contaminants that pose an acute
risk
to
human
health,
by
furnishing
a
copy
of
the
notice
to
the
radio
and television stations serving the area served
by the
PWS
as
soon
as
possible but
in
no case
later than
72 hours
after the
violation.
The
following
violations
are
acute
violations:
A)
Any violations posing
an
acute risk
to human health,
as
specified
in this Part
or
as determined
by the Agency
on
a
case—by-case
basis.
B)
Violation of the MCL
for nitrate
in Section
611.300(b).
C)
Violation of the
MCL
for
total
coliforms, when fecal
coliforms or E.
coli
are present
in the water distribution
system,
as
specified in Section 611.360(b).
4)
Occurrence
of
a waterborne disease
outbreak, as
defined
in
Section 611.101,
in
an unfiltered
system subject
to the
requirements
of Subpart
B,
after December
30,
1991
(see Section
611.132(d).
b)
Except
as
provided
in
subsection (c~,following the
initiul
notice
given
under subsection
(a),
the PUS
shall
give
notice
at
least
once
every
three
months
by
mail
delivery
(by
direct
mail
or
with
the
water
bill)
or
by
hand
delivery,
for
as
long
as
the
violation
or
failure
exists.
c)
Alternative methods
of notice.
1)
In
lieu of the requirements
of
subsections
(a)
and
(b),
a CbS
in
an area that
is not
served
by
a
daily
or weekly newspaper of
general
circulation
shall
give notice
by hand delivery or
by
continuous
posting
in conspicuous
places within the
area served
by the CWS.
Notice
by hand delivery or posting must begin
as
soon
as
possi ble,
but
no
later
than
72
hours after
the
vi olat
ion
or
failure
for
acute
violations
(as
defined
in
subsection
(a)(3))
or
14
days
after
the
violation
or
failure
(for
any
other
violation).
Posting must continue
for as long
as
the violation
or failure exists.
Notice
by hand delivery must
be repeated
at
least
every three months for
as
long
as
the violation or
failure
cxi sts.
104--166
-95-
2)
In
lieu of the requirements
of
subsections
(a)
and
(b),
a non-
CWS may give notice
by
hand delivery
or
by
continuous posting
in
conspicuous places within the
area served
by
the CWS.
Notice
by
hand delivery
or posting must begin
as
soon
as
possible,
but
no
later
than
72
hours
after
the
violation
or
failure
for
acute
violations
(as defined
in
subsection
(a)(3)),
or
14
days after
the violation
or failure
(for
any other violation).
Posting
must
continue
for
as
long
as
the
violation
or
failure
exists.
Notice
by
hand
delivery
must
be
repeated
at
least
every
three
months
for
as
long
as
the
violation
or
failure
exists.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.32(a)
(1987),
as
amended
at
52
Fed.
Peg.
41546,
October
28,
1987.
at
54
Fed
Reg.
15188,
April
17,
1989,
and
at
54
Fed.
Reg.
27526,June
29,
1989,
and
at
54 Fed.
Reg. 27562,June
29,
1989.
Section
611.852
Reporting other Violations
A PUS which
fails
to perform monitoring required by this Part,
fafis
to comply
with
a testing procedure established
by this
Part,
or
is
subject
to
a variance
or adjusted standard
under Section 611.111,
611.112 or 611.113 shall
notify
persons served
by the PWS
as follows:
a)
Except
as
provided
in
subsection
(c)
or
(d),
the
PWS
shall
give
notice, within three months
of the violation
or granting
of
a
variance or
adjusted standard,
by publication
in
a daily newspaper of
general circulation
in the area served
by the PWS.
If
the area
served
by
a PWS
is
not served
by
a
daily newspaper
of general
circulation,
notice must
instead
be
given
by publication
in
a weekly
newspaper of general
circulation serving the
area.
b)
Except
as
provided
in
subsection
(c)
or
(d),
following the
initial
notice
given
under
subsection
(a),
the PWS must give notice
at
least
once every three months by mail
delivery
(by direct mail
or with the
water bill)
or
by hand delivery, for as
long
as
the violation
exists.
Repeat notice
of the existence of
a
variance
or adjusted
standard must
be given every three months
for as long
as
the variance
or adjusted standard
remains
in
effect.
c)
Alternative
methods
of
notice.
1)
In
lieu of the requirements
of subsections
(a)
and
(b),
a CWS
in
an area that
is
not served
by
a daily
or weekly newspaper of
general
circulation
shall
give notice, within three months
of
the
violation or
granting of
the variance
or adjusted standard,
by
hand
delivery
or
by
continuous
posting
in
conspicuous
places
with
the area served
by the CWS.
Posting must continue for as
long
as
the
violation
exists
or
a
variance
or
adjusted
standard
remains
in
effect.
2)
In
lieu
of
the
requirements
of
subsections
(a)
and
(b),
a
non—
CWS may give notice, within three months
of the violation or the
granting of the variance or adjusted standard,
by hand delivery
1°4467
-96—
or by continuous
posting
in conspicuous
places within the
area
served
by the PWS.
Posting must continue
for as
long as the
violation exists,
or
a
variance or adjusted standard remains
in
effect.
Notice
by hand delivery must
be repeated at
least
every
three
months
for
as
long
as
the
violation
exists
or
a
variance
or
adjusted standard remains
in
effect.
d)
The
Agency
may,
by
permit
condition,
provide
less
frequent
notice
for
minor
monitoring
violations.
Notice
of
such
violations
must
be
given
no
less frequently than annually.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.32(b)
(1987),
as amended
at
52
Fed. Reg. 41546, October 28,
1987.
Section 611.853
Notice
to New Billing Units
A CWS
shall
give
a
copy of
the
most
recent
public
notice for
any outstanding
violation
of
any
MCL,
treatment
technique
requirement
or
variance
or
adjusted
standard schedule
to
all
new
billing units
or new hookups prior to
or
at the
time
service
begins.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.32(c)
(1987),
as amended
at
52 Fed.
Reg.
41546, October 28,
1987.
Section 611.854
General Content
of Public Notice
Each notice required by this Section must provide
a clear and
readily
understandable
explanation
of
the
violation,
any
potential
adverse
health
effects,
the
population
at
risk,
the
steps
that
the
PWS
is
taking
to
correct
such violation,
the necessity
for seeking alternative water supplies,
if any,
and any preventive measures
the consumer
should take until
the
violation
is
corrected.
Each notice must
be conspicuous
and must
not contain
unduly
technical
language,
unduly
sniall
print
or
similar problems that frustrate the
purpose
of
the
notice.
Each notice musc
include
trle
telephone
numDer
o~
the
owner,
opera tor
or designee
of
the PUS
as
a
sou ~ceof
addi
ti onal
information
concerning the
notice.
Where
appropriate,
the
notice
must be multi-lingual.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.32(d)
(1987),
as
amended
at
52
Fed.
Reg.
41546, October
28,
1987.
Section 611.855
Mandatory Health Effects Language
When providing the information
on potential adverse
health
effects required by
Section 611.853(b)
in notices
of
violations
of MCLs
or treatment technique
requirements,
or
notices
of the
granting or the continued existence of
adjusted standards
or
variances,
or
notices
of failure to comply with
a
variance
or
adjusted
standard
schedule,
the
PUS
shall
include
the language
spenified
in Appendix A for each contaminant.
(If
language
for
a
particular
contaminant
is
not specified
at
the time notice
is
required,
this Section
does
no:
apply).
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.32(e)
(1987),
as
amended
at
52 Fed.
Reg.
41546,
October
28,
1987,
and
at
54
Fed.
Reg.
27526,
June
29,
1989,
and
at
54
Fed.
Reg.
27562, June 29,
1988.
104-1~3
-97—
Section
611.856
Fluoride Notice
Public notices
for fluoride.
Notice
of violations
of the MCL for fluoride,
notices
of variances and adjusted standards from the MCL for fluoride and
notices
of
failure
to comply with variance and adjusted standard schedules for
the
MCL
for
fluoride
must
consist
of
the
public
notice
prescribed
Appendix
A
plus
a description
of any steps which the
PWS
is
taking to
come into
compliance.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived
from 40 CFR 141.32(f) and
(g)
(1987),
as amended
at
52
Fed.
Reg. 41546, October 28,
1987.
Section
611.860
Record
Maintenance
A
PWS
shall
retain
on
its
premises
or
at
a
convenient
location
near
its
premises the following records:
a)
Records
of bacteriological analyses made pursuant
to this Part must
be kept for not
less than
5 years.
Records
of chemical
analyses made
pursuant to this Part must be kept for
not
less than
10 years. Actual
laboratory
reports may
be kept,
or data may
be transferred
to tabular
summaries,
provided that the following information
is
included:
1)
The date,
place
and
time of sampling,
and the
name of the
person
who collected the sample;
2)
identification of the sample
as
to whether
it was
a
routine
distribution
system sample,
check
sample,
raw or process water
sample
or other
special
purpose sample;
3)
Date of analysis;
4)
Laboratory
and
person
responsible
for
performing
analysis;
5)
The
analytical
technique
or
method
used;
and
6)
The results
of the analysis.
b)
Records of actior~taken
by the PWS to
correct violations
of this Part
must
be
kept
for
a
period
not
less
than
3 years
after the last action
taken with respect
to the particular violation
involved.
c)
Copies
of any written
reports,
summaries or communications relating
to
sanitary surveys
of the system conducted by the PWS
itself,
by
a
private
consultant,
by
USEPA,
the
Agency
or
a
unit
of
local
government delegated pursuant
to Section 611.108, must be kept
for
a
period
not less than
10 years after completion
of the sanitary survey
involved.
d)
Records concerning
a variance or adjusted standard granted to the PWS
must
be
kept
for
a
period
ending
not
less
than
5
years
following
the
expiration
of
such variance or adjusted standard.
104—169
-98-
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.33
(1987).
Section
611.861
Lead
Notice
a)
Applicability
of
public
notice
requirement.
1)
Except
as provided
in
subsection
(a)(2) each CWS and each NTNCWS
shall
issue notice
to persons served by the PWS
that may
be
affected by
lead contamination of their drinking water.
The PWS
shall
provide notice under this Section even
if there
is
no
violation of the MCL for lead.
2)
Notice under subsection
(a)(1)
is
not required
if the PWS
demonstrates
to
the
Agency
that
the
water
system,
including
the
residential
and non—residential
portions connected to the water
system,
are
lead
free.
For
the
purposes
of
this
subsection,
the
term
“lead
free” when used with respect
to solders
and flux
refers
to
solders and flux containing not more than 0.2 percent
lead,
and when used with respect
to
pipes and
pipe fittings
refers
to
pipes
and
pipes
fittings
containing
not
more
than
8.0
percent
lead.
3)
The
PWS
shall
give
notice
by
June
19,
1990.
Notice
in
compliance with
40 CFR 141.34
is
sufficient.
b)
Manner
of
notice.
Notice
must
be
given
to
persons served
by the
PWS
either by:
1)
Three newspaper notices
(one for each
of three consecutive
months
and
the
first
no
later
than
June
19,
1990);
or
2)
Once by mail
notice with the water
bill
or
in
a separate mailing
by June
19,
1990;
or
3)
Once
by hand delivery by June
19,
1990.
For NTNCWSs, notice
nay
be
given
by
continuous
posting.
If
posting
is
used,
the notice
must
be
posted
in
a
conspicuous
place
in
the area served by
the
PUS,
and
start
no
later
than
June
19,
1990
and
continue
for
three
months.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.34(a)
and
(b)
(1987),
as
amended
at
52 Fed.
Reg. 41546, October
28,
1987.
Section
611.863
Content
of Lead Notice
a)
Notices
issued under this Section must provide
a clear and readily
understandable explanation
of the potential
sources
of
lead
in
drinking water,
potential
adverse
heal
th
effects,
resonably available
methods
of
mitigating
known
or
potential
lead
content
in
drinking
water’,
any steps
the PUS
is
taking
to mitigate lead content
in
drinking water,
and the necessity for seeking alternative water
supplies,
if
any.
Use of
the mandatory language
in Section 611.864
in the notice will
be sufficient
to explain potential
adverse
health
effects.
104--170
-99-
b)
Each notice must also include specific advice
on how to determine of
materials containing lead have been used
in homes
or the water
distribution
system and how to minimize exposure
to water
likely
to
contain high levels
of
lead.
Each notice must
be conspicuous and
must
not contain unduly technical
language, unduly
small
print
or
similar problems that frustrate the purpose
of the
notice.
Each
notice
must contain the telephone number
of the owner, operator
or
designee of the PWS
as
a
source
of additional
information regarding
the
notice.
Where
approp’-’iate,
the notice must be multilingual.
BOARD NOTE:
(Optional Information):
Each notice
should advise
persons
served
by
the PUS to use
only the
cold water faucet for
drinking
and for
use
in cooking
or preparing baby formula,
and to
run
thO water
until
it
gets as cold
as
it
is
going
to
get
before
each
use.
If there
has recently been major water use
in the household,
such
as
showering or
bathing, flushing toilets
or doing
laundry with
cold
water,
flushing
the
pipes
should
take
5
to
30 seconds;
if
not,
flushing
the
pipes
could~take
as
long
as
several
minutes.
Each
notice
should
also
advise
persons
served
by
the
PWS
to
check
to
see
if lead pipes, solder
or
flux
have
been
used
in
plumbing
that
provides tap water and to ensure that
new plumbing and plumbing
repairs use lead-free materials.
The only way to
be
sure
of the
amount
of
lead
in
the
household
water
is
to
have
the
water
tested
by
a competent laboratory.
Testing
is
especially
important to
apartment
dwellers because flushing may
not
be effective
in high-rise buildings
that have lead-soldered central
piping.
As
appropriate,
the notice
should
provide information
on testing.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.34(c)
(1987),
as
amended
at
52
Fed.
Reg.
41546, October
28,
1987.
Section 611.864
Mandatory Health Effects Information for Lead
Mandatory health effects
information.
When providing the information
in
public notices required under Section 611.863 on the potential adverse
health
effects
of lead
in drinking water,
the PWS shall
include the specific language
of Appendix A
in the
notice.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.34(d) through
(f)
(1987),
as
amended
at
52 Fed. Reg. 41546, October
28,
1987.
Section 611.870
Unregulated Contaminants
a)
This Section applies
to
only the contaminants
listed
in Section
611.650.
b)
A CWS or NTNCWS who
is
required to monitor
under Section 611.650
shall
send
a
copy
of
the
results
of
such
monitoring
within
30
days
of
receipt
and any public
notice under subsection
(d) to
the Agency.
d)
The PWS
shall
notify persons served
by
the PUS of the availability of
the results
of sampling conducted
under Section 611.650
by
including
a
notice
in
the
first
set
of
water
bills
issued
by
the
PUS
after
the
104—171
-100-
receipt
of
the results
or written notice within three months.
The
notice
must
identify
a
person
and
supply
the telephone number
to
contact
for
information
on
the
monitoring
results.
For
surface
water
systems,
public
notification
is
required
only
after
the
first
quarter’s
monitoring
and
must
include
a
statement-
that
additional
monitoring
will
be
conducted
for
three
more
quarters
with
the
results
available
upon
request.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.35
(1987),
as
amended
at
52
Fed.
Reg. 25712, July
8,
1987.
Section
611.Appendix
A
Mandatory
Health
Effects
Information
1)
Trichloroethylene.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA)
sets drinking water standards and has determined
that
trichloroethylene
is
a health
concern
at
certain
levels
of
exposure.
this chemical
is
a common
metal
cleaning and dry cleaning
fluid.
It
generally
gets
into drinking water
by improper waste
disposal.
This chemical
has been shown
ot
cause cancer
in
laboratory
animals
such as
rats and mice when
the animals are exposed
at
high
levels
over their lifetimes.
Chemicals that cause cancer
in
laboratory
animals
also
may
increase
the
risk
of
cancer
in
humans
who
are
exposed
at
lower
levels
over
long
periods
of
time.
USEPA
has
set
forth
the enforceable drinking water standard for trichloroethylene
at
0.005
parts
per
million
(ppm)
to
reduce
the
risk
of
cancer
or
other
adverse
health
effects
which
have
been
observed
in
laboratory
animals.
Drinking water which meets
this standard
is associated with
little
to
none
of
this
risk
and
should
be
considered
safe.
2)
Carbon tetrachloride.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency
(USEPA)
sets
drinking
water
standards
and
has
determined
that
carbon
tetrachloride
is
a
health
concern
at
certain
levels
of
exposure.
This
chemical
was
once
a
popular
household
cleaning
fluid.
It
generally
gets
into
drinking
water
by
improper
waste
disposal
.
This
chemi cal
has
been
shown
to
cause
cancer
in
laboratory
ani
real
s
such
as
rats
and
mice
when
the
animals
are
exposed
at
hi
gh
levels
over
their
lifetimes.
Chemicals
that
cause
cancer
in
laboratory animals
also may
increase
the
risk
of cancer
in
humans
who
are exposed
at
lower
levels over long periods
of
time.
USEPA
has
set
the enforceable
drinking water standard
for carbon
tetrachloride
at
0.005 parts
per million
(ppm)
to
reduce
the risk
of cancer
or
other
adverse health
effects which
have been observed
in laboratory
animals.
Drinking
water
which
meets
this
standard
is
associated
with
little
to
none
of
this
risk
and
should
be
considered
safe.
3)
l,2-Dichloroethane.
The United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
(USEPA)
sets drinking water standards
and has determined that
1,2-dichioroethane
is
a
health
concern
at
certain
levels
of
exposure.
This
chemical
is
used
as
a
cleaning
fluid
for
fats,
oils,
waxes and
resins.
It
generally gets
into drinking water by improper
waste disposal.
This chemical
has
been shown to
cause cancer
in
laboratory
animals
such
as
rats
and
mice
when
the
animals
are
exposed
at
high
levels
over
their
lifetimes.
Chemicals
that
cause
cancer
in
laboratory
animals
also
may
increase
the
risk
of
cancer
in
humans
who
104--172
-101-
are exposed
at lower
levels over
long periods
of time.
USEPA
has set
the
enforceable
drinking
water
standard
for
1,2—dichloroethane
at
0.005
parts
per
million
(ppm)
to
reduce
the
risk
of
cancer
or
other
adverse health effects
which
have been observed
in laboratory
animals.
Drinking
water
which
meets
this
standard
is
associated
with
little
to
none of
this risk and
should
be considered
safe.
4)
Vinyl
chloride.
The United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(USEPA)
sets
drinking
water
standards
and
has
determined
that
vinyl
chloride
is
a
health
concern
at
certain
levels
of
exposure.
This
chemical
is
used
in
industry
and
is
found
in
drinking
water
as
a
result
of the breakdown of
related solvents.
The solvents
are used
as
cleaners
and
degreasers
of
metals
and
generally
get
into
drinking
water
by
improper
waste
disposal.
This
chemical
has
has
been
associated
with
significantly
increased
risks
of cancer
among certain
industrial
workers
who
were
exposed
to
relatively
large
amounts
of
this
chemical
during
their
working
careers.
This
chemical
has
also
been
shown
to
cause
cancer
in
laboratory
animals
when
the
animals
are
exposed
at
high
levels
over
their
lifetimes.
Chemicals that cause
increased
risk
of cancer among
exposed industrial workers
and
in
laboratory animals also may increase
the risk
of cancer
in
humans who
are exposed
at
lower levels over long periods
of timne.
USEPA
has
set
the enforceable drinking water
standard for vinyl
chloride
at
0.002
parts
per million
(ppm)
to reduce the
risk of
cancer
or other adverse
health
effects which have been observed
in
laboratory animals.
Drinking
water
which
meets
this
standard
is
associated
with
little
to
none of
this
risk
and
should
be
considered
safe.
5)
Benzene.
The
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(USEPA)
sets
drinking
water
standards
and
has
determined
that
benzene
is
a
health
concern
at certain levels
of exposure.
This chemical
is
used
as
a
solvent
and
degreaser
of
metals.
It
is
also
a
major
component
of gasoline.
Dringking water contamination generally
results from
leaking underground gasoline
and petroleum tanks
or
improper waste
disposal.
This chemical
has
been associated with significantly
increased risks
of leukemia among certain industrial
workers who were
exposed
to
relatively
large amounts
of this chemical during their
working careers.
This chemical
has also been shown to This chemical
has been shown
to cause
cancer
in
laboratory animals when the
animals
are exposed
at
high levels over their
lifetimes.
Chemicals that
cause
increased risk of
cancer among exposed
industrial workers and
in
laboratory animals
also may increase the
risk
of cancer
in humans
who are exposed
at
lower
levels over long periods of time.
USEPA
has
set
the
enforceable
drinking
water
standard
for benzene
at 0.005
parts
per million
(ppm)
to
reduce the
risk of cancer
or other adverse
health effects which have been observed in humans
and laboratory
animals.
Drinking water which meets this standard
is
associated with
little
to
none
of
this
risk
and
should
be
considered
safe.
6)
1,1-Dichloroethylene.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency
(USEPA) sets drinking water standards
and has determined
that
1,1-dichloroethyiene
is
a
health concern
at
certain
levels
of
exposure.
This chemical
is
used in
industry and is found
in drinking
water
as
a
result
of
the
breakdown
of
related
solvents.
The
solvents
1fl4--173
-102-
are used as cleaners and degreasers
of metals and generally into
drinking water
by
improper waste disposal.
This chemical
has been
shown
to cause
liver and kidney damage
in laboratory animals
such as
rats
and mice when the animals are exposed
at high levels over their
lifetimes.
Chemicals that cause
adverse effects in laboratory
animals also may cause adverse health effects
in humans who are
exrosed
at
lower levels
over long periods
of
time.
USEPA has set the
enforceable
drinking
water
standard
for
1,1-dichloroethylene
at
0.007
parts
per
million
(ppm)
to
reduce
the
risk
of
these
adverse health
effects which
have been observed in
laboratory animals.
Drinking
water
which
meets
this
standard
is
associated
with
little
to
none
of
this
risk
and
should
be considered
safe.
7)
Para-dichlorobenzene.
The United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
(USEPA)
sets drinking water
standards and has determined that
para—dichlorobenzene
is
a
health concern
at
certain
levels
of
exposure.
This chemical
is
a component
of deodorizers,
moth balls
and
pesticides.
It
generally
gets
into
drinking
water
by
improper
waste disposal.
This chemical
has been shown to cause
liver and
kidney damage
in
laboratory
animals such
as
rats
and mice when the
animals
are
exposed
at
high
levels
over
their lifetimes.
Chemicals
which
cause
adverse
effects
in
laboratory
animals
also may cause
adverse
health
effects
in humans who are exposed
at
lower
levels
over
long periods
of time.
USEPA has
set
the enforceable drinking water
standard for para—dichlorobenzene
at 0.075 parts
per million
(ppm)
to
reduce
the
risk of these adverse
health
effects which
have been
observed
in laboratory animals.
Drinking water which meets
this
standard
is associated with little
to none of this
risk and
should
be
considered safe.
8)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency
(USEPA)
sets
drinking
water
standards
and
has
determined
that
1,1,1—trichloroethane
is
a
health
concern
at
certain
levels
of
exposure.
This
chemical
is
used
as
a
cleaner
and
degrenser
of
metals.
It
generally gets
into drinking water
by
improper waste
disposal.
This
chemical
h~sbeen
shown
to
damage
the
liver,
nervous
system
and
circulatory
system
of
laboratory
animals
such
as
rats
and
mice
when
the
ani meals
are
exposed
at
high
levels
over
their
lifetimes.
Simm
industrial
workers
who
were
exposed
to
relatively
large
amounts
of
this
chemical
during
their
working
careers
also
suffered
damage
to
the
liver,
nervous
system
and
circulatory
system.
Chemicals
which
cause
adverse
effects
among
exposed
industrial
workers
and
in
laboratory
animals
also
may
cause
adverse
health
effects
in
humans
who
are
exposed
at
lower
levels
over
long
periods
of
time.
USEPA
has
set
the
enforceable drinking water
standard
for
1,1,1-trichloroethane
at
0.2
parts
per
million
(ppm)
to
protect
against
the
risk
of
these
adverse
health
effects
which
have
been
observed
in
laboratory
animals.
Drinking
water
which meets
this
standard
is
associated
with
little
to
none
of
this
risk
arid
should
be
considered
safe.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.32(e)
(1987),
as
amended
at
52
Fed. Reg. 41546, October
28,
1987,and
at
54 Fed.
Peg.
27526, June
29,
1989,
arid
at
54 Fed.
Reg.
27562, June 29,
1989.
104
174
-103-
9)
Fluoride.
The U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency
requires that we
send you
this notice
on the level
of
fluoride in your drinking
water.
The
drinking
water
in
your
community
has
a
fluoride
concentration
of
milligrams
per liter
(mg/L).
Federal
regulations
require
that
fluoride,
which
occurs
naturally
in
your water supply,
not
exceed
a concentration
of 4.0 mg/L
in drinking
water.
This
is
an
enforceable
standard
called
a
Maximum
Contaminant
Level
(MCL),
and
it
has been established
to
protect the public
health.
Exposure to drinking water
levels
above 4.0 mg/L for many
years
may result
in
some cases
of
crippling skeletal
fluorosis, which
is
a
serious
bone
disorder.
Federal
law
also
requires
that
we
notify
you
when
monitoring
indicates that the fluoride
in your drinking water exceeds
2.0
mg/L.
This
is
intended to alert
families
about
dental
probl ems that
might affect
children under
nine years
of
age.
The fluoride
concentration
of
your
water
exceeds
this
federal
guideline.
Fluoride in children’s drinking water
at
levels
of approximately
1
mg/L reduces the number of
dental
cavities.
However,
some children
exposed
to
levels
of fluoride greater than about
2.0 mg/L may develop
dental
fluorosis.
Dental
fluorosis,
in
its moderate
and severe
forms,
is
a brown
staining and/or
pitting of the permanent teeth.
Because dental fluorosis
occurs
only
when
developing
teeth
(before
they erupt from the
gums) are exposed
to elevated fluoride levels,
households
without
children
are
not
expected
to
be
affected
by
this
level
of fluoride.
Families with children under the age
of nine
are
encouraged
to
seek other sources
of drinking water for their children
to avoid
the possibility
of staining
and pitting.
Your water
supplier can
lower the concentration
of fluoride
in your
water
so that you will
still
receive the benefits
of cavity
prevention
while
the
possibility
of
stained
and
pitted
teeth
is
minimized.
Removal
of fluoride may
increase
your
water
costs.
Treatment systems are also commercially
available for home use.
Information
on such systems
is
available at the address
given
below.
Low fluoride bottled drinking water that would meet all
standards
is also commercially available.
For
further
information,
contact
at
your
water
system.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
143.5
(1987).
10)
Microbiological
contaminants
(for
use when there
is
a violation of
the treatment technique requirements
for filtration
and disinfection
in Subpart
B).
The
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(USEPA)
sets drinking water
standards and
has determined that the
presence of microbiological
contaminants
are
a
health concern
at
certain levels
of exposure.
If water
is
inadequately treated,
microbiological
contaminants
in
that water may cause disease.
Disease symptoms may include diarrhea,
cramps,
nausea and possibly
104~-175
-104-
jaundice
and
any associated
headaches and
fatigue.
These symptoms,
however, are not just associated with disease-causing organisms
in
drinking water,
but also may be cuased by
a
number
of
factors other
than your drinking water.
USEPA has set enforceable
requirements
for
treating
drinking
water
to
reduce
the
risk
of
these
adverse
health
effects.
Treatment such
as
filtering and disinfecting the water
removes
or destroys microbiological
contaminants.
Drinking water
which
is treated
to meet USEPA requirements
is associated with little
to none of this risk
and should
be considered
safe.
11)
Total
coliforms.
(To be used when there
is
a
violation
of Section
611.360(a) and not
a violation
of Section 611.360(b)).
The United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(USEPA)
sets drinking water
standards and
has determined that the presence
of total
coliforms
is
a possible health concern.
Total
coliforms are common
in the
environment
and
are generally not harmful
themselves.
The presence
of
these
bacteria
in
drinking
water,
however,
generally
is
a
result
of
a problem with water treatment or the pipes
which distribute the
water and indicates that the water may be ocntaminated with organisms
that
can cause disease.
Disease symptoms
may
include diarrhea,
cramps,
nausea
and possibly jaundice,
and any associated headaches
and
fatigue.
These symptoms,
however,
are
not just associated with
disease—causing organisms
in drinking water,
but also may be caused
by
a
number
of
factors
other
than
your
drinking
water.
USEPA
has
set
an
enforceable
drinking
water
standard
for
total
coliforms
to
reduce
the
risk of
these adverse
health
effects.
Under this standard,
no
more than
5.0 percent
of the samples collected during
a month
can
contain these
bacteria, except
that systems collecting
fewer than 40
samples/month that have one total
coliform—positive sample per month
are
not violating
the standard.
Drinking water which meets this
standard
is
usually
not associated with
a health
risk from disease—
causing
bacteria
and should
be considered
safe.
12)
Fecal
Col i
forms/h.
col i
.
(To
be
used
wherm
there
is
a violati
on
of
Section
611.360(b)
or
both Section 611.363(a)
and
(o)).
The United
States
Environmental
Protection Agency
(USEPA) sets
dri
nking
water
standards and
has determi ned that
the presence
of
fecal
col
i forms
or
E.
coli
is
a serious health
concern.
Fecal
coliforms and
E.
coli
are
generally
not harmful
themselves,
but their presence
in
drinking
water
is
serious
because
they
usually
are
associated
with
sewage
or
animal
wastes.
The presence of
these bacteria
in
drinking water
is
generally
a
result
of
a problem with water treatment or
the
pipes
which distribute
the
water and indicates that the water may be
ocntaminated with organisms that
can cause disease.
Disease symptoms
may include diarrhea, cramps,
nausea
and possibly jaundice,
and
associated headaches and fatigue.
These symptoms, however,
are
not
just associated with disease—causing organisms
in dinking water,
but
also may
be caused
by
a
number
of
factors other than your drinking
water.
USEPA
has
set
an
enforceable
drinking
water
standard
for
fecal
coflforms
arid
E.
coli
to
reduce
the
risk of these
adverse
health effects.
Under this standard
all drinking water
samples must
be
free of these
bacteria.
Drinking water which meets
this standard
is
associated with little
or none
of this
risk and should
be
considered
safe.
State
and
local
health authorities
reconinend
that
104—176
-105-
consumers
take
the
following
precautions:
To
be
inserted
by
the
public
water
system,
according
to
instruction
from
State
or
local
authori ties.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.32(e)
(1987),
as
amended
at
52
Fed.
Peg. 41546, October
28,
1987,and
at
54 Fed. Peg.
27526, June 29,
1989,
and
at
54
Fed.
Peg.
27562,
June
29,
1989.
13)
Lead.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA)
sets
drinking water standards and has determined that lead
is
a
health
concern
at
certain levels
of exposure.
There
is currently
a
standard
of 0.050 parts
per million
(ppm).
Based
on
new health informaiton,
USEPA
is
likely
to lower this standard significantly.
Part of the purpose
of this notice
is
to
inform you of the potential
adverse
health effects
of
lead.
This
is being done even though your
water may
not
be
in
violation
of the
current standard.
USEPA
and
others are concerned about lead
in drinking water.
Too
much lead in the human body
can
cause serious damage to the
brain,
kidneys,
nervous
system
and
red
blood
cells.
The greatest
risk,
even
with
short-term exposure,
is
to young children and pregnant women.
Lead
levels
in your drinking water are likely
to
be highest:
If your home or water
system
has
lead
pipes,
or
If your home has
copper pipes with lead solder,
adn
If the
home
is less than five years old,
or
If you have soft
or acidic water,
or
If water
sits
in the pipes
for
several
hours.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.34(d)
(1987),
as
amended
at
52 Fed.
Reg.
41546, October
28,
1987.
Section
611. Appendix
B Percent Inactivation
of G. Lamblia Cysts
TABLE
1.1
CT-99.9
FOR
99.9
PERCENT
INACTIVATION
OF
GIARDIA
LAMBLIA
CYSTS
BY
FREE CHLORINE AT 0.5 DEGREES
C
OR LOWER
These
CT values
achieve greater than
a
99.99 percent inactivation
of
viruses.
CT
values
between
the
indicated
pH
values
may
be
determined
by
linear interpolation.
CT
values
between
the
indicated
temperatures
of
different tables may
be determined
by linear
interpolation.
If
no
interpolation
is
used,
use the CT 99.9 value
at the
lower temperature
and at
the
higher
pH.
Free
Residual
pH
(mgIL)
=6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
=9.0
104—177
-106-
=0.4
137
163
195
237
277
329
390
0.6
141
168
200
239
286
342
407
0.8
145
172
205
246
295
354
422
1.0
148
176
210
25?
304
365
437
1.2
152
180
215
2~
313
276
451
1.4
155
184
221
li-ri
321
387
464
1.6
Iv!
189
226
273
329
397
477
1.8
162
193
231
279
338
407
489
2.0
165
197
236
286
346
417
500
2.2
169
201
242
297
353
426
511
2.4
172
205
247
296
361
435
522
2.6
175
209
252
304
368
444
533
2.8
178
213
257
310
375
452
543
3.0
131
217
261
316
382
460
552
TABLE
1.2
CT-99.9 FOR 99.9
PERCENT
INACTIVATION
OF
GIARDIA
LAMBLIA
CYSTS
BY FREE CHLORINE AT 5.0 DEGREES C
These CT
values achieve greater
than
a 99.99 percent inctivation
of viruses.
CT
values between
the indicated
pH
values
may
be determined
by
linear
interpolation.
CT
values
between
the
indicated
temperatures
of
different
tables may be determined
by linear
interpolation.
If
no
interpolation
is
used,
use the CT 99.9 value
at
the lower temperature and at the higher
pH.
Free Residual
pH
(mg/L)
=6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
=9.0
=0.4
97
117
139
166
198
236
279
0.6
100
120
143
171
204
244
291
0.8
103
122
146
175
210
252
301
1.0
105
125
149
179
216
250
312
1.2
107
127
152
183
221
257
320
1.4
109
130
155
137
227
274
339
1.6
111
132
153
192
232
231
1.8
114
135
162
196
233
237
345
2.0
116
138
165
200
243
294
353
2.2
118
140
169
204
248
300
361
2.4
120
143
172
209
253
306
368
2.6
122
146
175
213
258
312
375
2.8
124
148
178
217
263
318
382
3.0
126
151
182
221
263
324
369
TABLE
1.3
CT-99.9
FOR
99.9
PERCENT
INACTIVATION
OF
GIARDIA
LNIBLIA
CYSTS
BY FREE CHLORINE AT
10.0 DEGREES
C
These
CT
values
achieve
greater
than
a
99.99
percent
macti vation
of
viruses.
CT
val ues between the indicated
pH
val ues
may
oe determi ned by
linear
interpolation.
CT
values between the indicated temperatures
of
different tables may
be determined
by
linear interpolation.
If
no
interpolation
is
used,
use
the CT 99.9 value
at the
lower temperature
and at
the
higher
pH.
104—173
-107-
Free
Residual
pH
(mg/L)
=6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
=9.0
=0.4
73
88
104
125
149
177
209
0.6
75
90
107
128
153
183
210
0.8
78
92
110
131
158
189
220
1.0
79
94
112
134
162
195
234
1.2
80
95
114
137
166
200
240
1.4
82
98
116
140
170
206
247
1.6
83
99
119
144
174
211
253
1.8
86
101
122
147
179
215
259
2.0
87
104
124
150
182
221
265
2.2
89
105
127
153
186
225
271
2.4
90
107
129
157
190
230
276
2.6
92
110
131
160
194
234
281
2.8
93
111
134
163
197
239
287
3.0
95
113
137
166
201
243
292
TABLE
1.4
CT-99.9
FOR
99.9
PERCENT
INACTIVATION
OF
GIARDIA
LAMBLIA
CYSTS
BY
FREE
CHLORINE
AT
15.0
DEGREES
C
These CT
values
achieve greater than
a
99.99
percent
inactivation
of
viruses.
CT
values
between the indicated
pH
values
may
be determined
by
linear interpolation.
CT
values between the indic~tedtemperatures
of
different
tables
may
be
determined
by linear
interpolation.
If
no
interpolation
is
used,
use
the
CT
99,9 value
at
the
lower temperature and at
the
higher
pH.
Free Residual
pH
(mg/L)
=6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
=9.0
=0.4
49
59
70
83
99
118
140
0.6
50
60
72
86
102
122
146
0.8
52
61
73
88
105
126
151
1.0
53
63
75
90
108
130
156
1.2
54
64
76
92
111
134
160
1.4
55
65
78
94
114
137
165
1.6
56
66
79
96
116
141
169
1.8
57
68
81
96
119
144
173
2.0
58
69
83
100
122
147
177
2.2
59
70
85
102
124
150
181
2.4
60
72
86
105
127
153
184
2.6
61
73
88
107
129
156
188
2.8
62
74
89
109
132
159
191
3.0
63
76
91
111
134
162
195
TABLE
1.5
CT-99.9 FOR 99.9 PERCENT INACTIVATION
OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA CYSTS
BY FREE CHLORINE AT 20 DEGREES C
These
CT values
achieve greater than
a
99.99 percent inactivation
of
viruses.
CT values
between
the indicated pH
values may be determined
by
104—179
-108-
linear
interpolation.
CT values between
the indicated temperatures of
different tables
may be
determined by
linear interpolation.
If
no
interpolation
is
used, use
the CT 99.9 value
at
the
lower temperature and
at
the higher
pH.
Free Residual
pH
(mg/Li
=6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
=9.0
=0.4
36
44
52
62
74
89
105
0.6
38
45
54
64
77
92
109
0.8
39
46
55
66
79
95
113
1.0
39
47
56
67
81
98
117
1.2
40
48
57
69
83
100
120
1.4
41
49
58
70
85
103
123
1.6
42
50
59
72
87
105
126
1.8
43
51
61
74
89
108
129
2.0
44
52
62
75
91
110
132
2.2
44
53
63
77
93
113
135
2.4
45
54
65
78
95
115
138
2.6
46
55
66
80
97
117
141
2.8
47
56
67
81
99
119
143
3.0
47
57
68
83
101
122
146
TABLE
1.6
CT—99.9 FOR
99.9 PERCENT INACTIVATION
OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA CYSTS
BY FREE CHLORINE AT 25 DEGREES C AND HIGHER
These CT
values
achieve greater than
a
99.99 percent inactivation of
viruses.
CT
values
between the indicated
pH values may be determined
by
linear interpolation.
CT values
between the indicated temperatures of
different tables may
be determined
by linear
interpolation.
If
no
interpolation
is
used,
use
the CT 99.9 value
at the
lower temnperature
and at
the higher
pH.
Free Residual
PH
(mug/L)
=6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
3.5
9.0
=0.4
24
29
35
42
50
59
70
0.6
25
30
35
43
51
61
73
0.8
26
31
37
44
53
63
75
1.0
26
31
37
45
54
65
78
1.2
27
32
38
46
55
67
80
1.4
27
33
39
47
57
69
82
1.6
23
33
40
48
58
70
84
1.8
29
34
41
49
60
72
86
2.0
29
35
41
50
61
74
88
2.2
30
35
42
51
62
75
90
2.4
30
36
43
52
63
7!
92
2.6
31
37
44
53
65
73
94
2.8
31
37
45
54
66
80
96
3.0
32
38
46
55
67
81
97
TABLE
2.1
CT-99.9
FOR 99.9 PERCENT INACTIVATION
OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA CYSTS
104--iso
-109-
Chlorine dioxide
Ozone
=1°C
63.
2.9
BY
CHLORINE
5°C
26.
1.9
DIOXIDE
AND OZONE
10°C
15°C
20°C
23.
19.
15.
1.4
0.95
0.72
25°C
11.
0.48
1,4,5,8—Dimethanonaphthal ene, 1,2,3,4,10,10—
hexachloro—1,4,4a,5,8,8a—hexahydro—,
(lal pha,
4al
pha,
4abeta,
Sal pha,
8alpha,
8abeta)-
riethane, tribromo—
4,7—Methano—1H—indene, 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8—
octachloro—2,3,3a,4,7,7a—hexahydro--
Methane, trichloro-
Acetic acid,
2,4—dichlorophenoxy—
Benzene, 1,1’—(2, 2,2—
trichioroethyl
i dene)bi s 4—chloro—
60—57—1 2,7:3,6_Dimnethanonaphth2,3_boxirene,
3,4,5,6,9,9—hexachloro-la,2,2a,3,6,6a,7,7a-
octahydro—,
(laalpha, 2beta,
2aalpha,
3beta,
6beta,
6aalpha,
7beta,
Jaalpha)—
72-20—8
2,7: 3,6—Dimethanonaphth2,3—boxirene,
3,4,5,6,9,9—hexachloro-la,2,2a,3,6,6a,7,7a-
octahydro—,
(laalpha, 2beta,
2abeta,
3alpha.
6alpha,
6abeta, 7bra,
7aalpha)—,
76—44—8 4,7—Methano-1H—indene, 1,4,5,6,7,8,8—
heptach 1 oro-3a ,4
,
7,7a—tetrahydro—
TABLE
3.1
CT-99.~FOR
99.9 PERCENT
INACTIVATION
OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA CYSTS
BY
CHLDRAMiNES
=1°C
5°C
10°C
15°C
20°C
25°C
Chloramines
3800.
2200.
1850.
1500.
1100.
750.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR
141.74(b) Tables,
as adopted
at
54 Fed. Reg.
27526, June
29,
1989.
Section
611.Appendix
C
Common
Names
of
Organic
Chemicals
The following
common names
are used for certain
organic chemicals:
Common
Name
CAB
No.
CAB
Name
Aldrin
309—00—2
75—25-2
S7—74-9
67-66-3
94—75—7
50-29-3
Bromoform
Chl ordane
Chloroform
2,4-D
0DT
Dieldrin
Endri n
Heptachlor
104--131
—110-
Heptachior epoxide
1024-57-3
2, 5-Methano-2H-indeno1,
2boxirene,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
7—heptachloro—la,
lb.
5,
5a,
6,
6a-hexahydro-,
(la
alpha,
lb
beta,
2
alpha,
5
alpha,
5a
beta,
6beta,
6a
alpha)-
Lindane
58-89-9 Cyclohexane,
1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-,
(1
alpha,2
alpha,3
beta,4
alpha,5
alpha,6
beta)
-
Methoxychlor
72-43-5
Benzene,
1,1’—(2,2,2-
trichloroethyl idene)bis4-methoxy-
Silvex
(2,4,5—TP)
93-72-1
Propanoic
acid,
2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)-
Toxaphene
8001 -35-2
Toxaphene
TTHM
Total
trih3lomethanes
(See Section 611.101)
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.30
(1987),
and
40
CFR
261,
Appendix
VIII
(1989)
104
132
