ILLINOIS POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
    July 14,
    1993
    IN THE
    MATTER
    OF:
    P.93—I
    SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT
    )
    (Identical
    in Substance Rules)
    UPDATE,
    PHASE V RULES
    (7/1/92
    12/31/92)
    Adopted Rule.
    Final Order.
    ORDER OF THE BOARD
    (by J. Anderson):
    Pursuant to Sections 17.5 of the Environmental Protection
    Act
    (Act)
    ,
    the Board is amending the Safe Drinking Water Act
    (SDWA)
    regulations.
    Section
    17.5 provides for quick adoption of regulations that
    are “identical
    in substance”
    to federal regulations and that
    Title VII
    of the Act and Section
    5 of the Administrative
    Procedure Act
    (APA)
    shall not apply.
    Because this rulemaking
    is
    not subject to Section
    5 of the APA,
    it
    is not subject to first
    notice or to second notice review by the Joint Committee on
    Administrative Rules
    (JCAR).
    The federal SDWA regulations are
    found at
    40 CFR 141 and
    142.
    This rulemak~Lngupdates SDWA rules
    to
    correspond with major federal amendments more
    fully outlined
    in
    the accompanying opinion.
    This order
    is supported by an opinion adopted
    on the same
    day.
    The complete text of the rules follows.
    IT IS SO ORDERED.
    I,
    Dorothy M.
    Gunn,
    Clerk of the Illinois Pollution Control
    Board,
    do hereby certify that the above order was adopted by the
    Board on the
    ____________
    day of
    ______________
    ,
    1992,
    by
    a vote
    of
    ________
    /‘~
    ~
    Dorothy M. ~Unn,
    Clerk
    Illinois Pollution Control Board

    2
    TITLE 35: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
    SUBTITLE F: PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES
    CHAPTER I: POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
    PART 604
    FINISHED WATER AND RAW WATER QUALITY AND QUANTITY (REPEALED)
    SUBPART A: BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY
    Section
    604.101 Standard Sample
    604.102 Total Coliform Limits
    604.103 Total Coliform Check-Samples
    604.104 Bacterial Plate Count Sample
    604.105 Bacterial Plate Count Limits
    SUBPART B: CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL QUALITY
    Section
    604.201 Finished Water Quality (Repealed)
    604.202 Contaminants and Maximum Allowable Concentrations
    (Repealed)
    604.203 Exceptions to Maximum Allowable Concentrations
    (Repealed)
    604.204 Action Pursuant to Exceedance of Maximum Allowable
    Concentration (Repealed)
    SUBPART C: RADIOLOGICAL QUALITY
    Section
    604.301 Radium-226, -228, and Gross Alpha Particle Activity
    (Repealed)
    604.302 Man-Made Radioactivity (Repealed)
    604.303 Determining Maximum Allowable Concentrations
    (Repealed)
    SUBPART D: CHLORINATION AND FLUORIDATION
    Section
    604.401 Chlorination Requirement
    604.402 Chlorination Exemption Requirements (Repealed)
    604.403 Conditions for Obtaining a Written Chlorination
    Exemption (Repealed)
    604.404 Loss of Chlorination Exemption (Repealed)
    604.405 Fluoridation Requirement (Repealed)
    SUBPART E: RAW WATER
    Section
    604.501 Raw Water Quality (Repealed)
    604.502 Raw Water Quantity (Repealed)
    APPENDIX A References to Former Rules
    AUTHORITY: Implementing Section 17 and authorized by Section
    27
    of the Environmental Protection Act (Ill. Rev. Stat., 1987,

    3
    ch.
    111 1/2, pars. 1017 and 1027).
    SOURCE: Filed with Secretary of State January 1, 1978;
    amended
    at 2 Ill. Reg. 36, p. 72, effective August 29, 1978; amended
    at 3
    Ill. Reg. 13, p. 236, effective March 30, 1979; amended and
    codified at 6 Ill. Reg. 11497, effective September 14, 1982;
    amended at 6 Ill. Reg. 14344, effective November 3, 1982;
    amended
    in R84-12 at 14 Ill. Reg. 689, effective January 2, 1990;
    amended
    in R88-26 at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September 20,
    1990Repealed in R93-1 at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    .
    SUBPART A: BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY
    Section 604.101 Standard Sample
    This Section applies until the effective date for the
    filtration and disinfection requirements of 35 Ill. Adm. Code
    611.Subpart B as applicable to each supply.
    a) For the membrane filter technique, not less than 100
    milliliters.
    b) For the fermentation tube method, five standard
    portions of either ten milliliters or 100
    milliliters.
    (Source: Amended at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
    20, 1990)
    Section 604.102 Total Coliform Limits
    This Section applies until the effective date for the
    filtration and disinfection requirements of 35 Ill. Adm. Code
    611, Subpart B as applicable to each supply. The number of
    organisms of the coliform group present in potable water, as
    indicated by representative samples examined, shall not exceed
    the following limits:
    a) When the membrane filter technique is used,
    arithmetic mean coliform density of all standard
    samples examined per month shall not exceed one per
    100 milliliters. Coliform colonies per standard
    sample shall not exceed four per 100 milliliters in:
    1) more than one standard sample when less than

    4
    twenty are examined per month; or
    2) more than five percent of the standard samples
    when twenty or more are examined per month.
    b) When ten-milliliter standard portions are examined
    by the fermentation tube method, not more than ten
    percent in any month shall show the presence of the
    coliform group. The presence of the coliform group
    in three or more ten-milliliter portions of a
    standard sample shall not be allowable if this
    occurs in:
    1) more than one sample per month when less than
    twenty are examined per month; or
    2) more than five percent of the samples when
    twenty or more are examined per month.
    c) When 100-milliliter standard portions are examined
    by the fermentation tube method, not more than sixty
    percent in any month shall show the presence of the
    coliform group. The presence of the coliform group
    in five of the 100-milliliter portions of a standard
    sample shall not be allowable if this occurs in:
    1) more than one sample per month when less than
    five are examined per month; or
    2) more than twenty percent of the samples when five or
    more are examined per month.
    (Source: Amended at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
    20, 1990)
    Section 604.103 Total Coliform Check-Samples
    This Section applies until the effective date for the
    filtration and disinfection requirements of 35 Ill. Adm. Code
    611.Subpart B as applicable to each supply.
    a) When coliform densities exceed the limit established
    in Section 604.102, they may indicate a breakdown in
    the protective barriers and shall be cause for
    special follow-up action to locate and eliminate the
    cause of contamination.
    b) Check-samples may be taken at the discretion of the
    Environmental Protection Agency (Agency) under the
    following conditions:
    1) When coliform colonies in a single standard

    5
    sample exceed four per 100 milliliters, as
    measured by the membrane filter technique, daily
    samples shall be promptly collected and examined
    from the same sampling point until the results
    obtained from at least two consecutive samples
    show less than one coliform per 100 milliliters.
    2) When organisms of the coliform group occur in
    three or more of the ten-milliliter portions of
    a single standard sample (fermentation tube
    method), daily samples shall be promptly
    collected and examined from the same sampling
    point until the results obtained from at least
    two consecutive samples show no positive
    results.
    3) When organisms of the coliform group occur in
    all five of the 100-milliliter portions of a
    single standard sample (fermentation tube
    method), daily samples shall be promptly
    collected and examined from the same sampling
    point until the results obtained from at least
    two consecutive samples show no positive tubes.
    c) The sampling point required to be check-sampled may
    not be eliminated from future collections based on a
    history of questionable water quality. These check
    samples shall not be included in the total number of
    samples examined per month, nor shall the check
    samples be used as a basis for determining
    compliance with Section 604.103(b).
    (Source: Amended at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
    20, 1990)
    Section 604.104 Bacterial Plate Count Sample
    This Section applies until the effective date for the
    filtration and disinfection requirements of 35 Ill. Adm. Code
    611.Subpart B as applicable to each supply. When bacterial
    plate counts are considered by the Agency to be necessary, the
    sample for the bacterial plate count using Standard
    Plate-Count Agar (35 C, 48 hours) shall consist of two
    portions of one milliliter and two portions of one-tenth
    milliliter.
    (Source: Amended at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
    20, 1990)
    Section 604.105 Bacterial Plate Count Limits
    This Section applies until the effective date for the

    6
    filtration and disinfection requirements of 35 Ill. Adm. Code
    611.Subpart B as applicable to each supply.
    a) The maximum number for the bacterial plate count in
    the water distributed to the consumer is 500
    organisms per one milliliter, based on arithmetic
    average of all samples examined in a calendar month.
    In determining compliance, these data shall be
    reported to two significant figures.
    b) When the average bacterial plate count is found to
    exceed 500 organisms per one milliliter, either in
    portions of the distribution network or in finished
    water reservoir storage, the Agency shall determine
    if these bacterial counts require further action to
    be taken to protect the water consumers. Upon such
    findings, prompt attention shall be directed by the
    owner toward finding the cause and taking
    appropriate action for correction.
    (Source: Amended at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
    20, 1990)
    SUBPART B: CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL QUALITY
    Section 604.201 Finished Water Quality (Repealed)
    (Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
    20, 1990)
    Section 604.202 Contaminants and Maximum Allowable
    Concentrations (Repealed)
    (Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
    20, 1990)
    Section 604.203 Exceptions to Maximum Allowable
    Concentrations (Repealed)
    (Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
    20, 1990)
    Section 604.204 Action Pursuant to Exceedance of Maximum
    Allowable Concentration (Repealed)
    (Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
    20, 1990)
    SUBPART C: RADIOLOGICAL QUALITY

    7
    Section 604.301 Radium - 266, -228, and Gross Alpha
    Particle Activity (Repealed)
    (Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
    20, 1990)
    Section 604.302 Man-Made Radioactivity (Repealed)
    (Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
    20, 1990)
    Section 604.303 Determining Maximum Allowable
    Concentrations (Repealed)
    (Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
    20, 1990)
    SUBPART D: CHLORINATION AND FLUORIDATION
    Section 604.401 Chlorination Requirement
    This Section applies until the effective date for the
    filtration and disinfection requirements of 35 Ill. Adm. Code
    611.Subpart B as applicable to each supply. All supplies,
    except those community water supplies exempted pursuant to
    Section 17(b) of the Environmental Protection Act (Ill. Rev.
    Stat. 1987, ch. 111 1/2, par. 1017(b) shall chlorinate the
    water before it enters the distribution system.
    a) All supplies which are required to chlorinate shall
    maintain residuals of free or combined chlorine at
    levels sufficient to provide adequate protection.
    b) The Agency may set levels and promulgate procedures
    for chlorination.
    c) Those supplies having hand-pumped wells and no
    distribution system are exempted from the
    requirements of this subpart.
    (Source: Amended at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
    20, 1990)
    Section 604.402 Chlorination Exemption Requirements
    (Repealed)
    (Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
    20, 1990)
    Section 604.403 Conditions for Obtaining a Written
    Chlorination Exemption (Repealed)

    8
    (Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
    20, 1990)
    Section 604.404 Loss of Chlorination Exemption (Repealed)
    (Source:Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
    20, 1990)
    Section 604.405 Fluoridation Requirement (Repealed)
    (Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
    20, 1990)
    SUBPART E: RAW WATER
    Section 604.501 Raw Water Quality (Repealed)
    (Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
    20, 1990)
    Section 604.502 Raw Water Quantity (Repealed)
    (Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
    20, 1990)
    Section 604.APPENDIX A References to Former Rules
    (Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. September 20, 1990)

    9
    TITLE 35: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
    SUBTITLE F: PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES
    CHAPTER I: POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
    PART 605
    SAMPLING AND MONITORING (REPEALED)
    Section
    605.101 Frequency of Bacteriological Sampling
    605.102 Minimum Allowable Monthly Samples for
    Bacteriological Analysis
    605.103 Frequency of Chemical Analysis Sampling (Repealed)
    605.104 Frequency of Trihalomethane Analysis Sampling
    (Repealed)
    605.105 Monitoring Requirements for Radium-226, -228 and
    Gross Alpha particle Activity (Repealed)
    605.106 Monitoring Frequency for Radium-226, -228 and Gross
    Alpha Particle Activity (Repealed)
    605.107 Monitoring Requirements for Man-Made Radioactivity
    (Repealed)
    605.108 Monitoring Frequency for Man-Made Radioactivity
    (Repealed)
    605.109 Surface Water Supplies Additional Monitoring
    Requirements
    605.110 Modification of Monitoring Requirements (Repealed)
    605.Appendix A References to Former Rules (Repealed)
    AUTHORITY: Implementing Section 17 and authorized by Section
    27
    of the Environmental Protection Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch.
    111½, pars. 1017 and 1027 [415 ILCS 5/17 and 27]).
    SOURCE: Filed with Secretary of State January 1, 1978;
    amended
    at 2 Ill. Reg. 36, p. 72, effective August 29, 1978; amended
    and
    codified at 6 Ill. Reg. 11497, effective September 14, 1982;
    amended at 6 Ill. Reg. 14344, effective November 3, 1982;
    amended
    in R84-12 at 14 Ill. Reg. 695, effective January 2, 1990;
    amended
    at 14 Ill. Reg. 16642, effective September 20, 1990Repealed in
    R93-1 at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    .
    Section 605.101 Frequency of Bacteriological Sampling
    This Section applies until the effective date for the
    filtration and disinfection requirements of 35 Ill. Adm. Code
    611.Subpart B as applicable to each supply.
    a) Representative samples of the finished water from

    10
    the distribution system are to be submitted monthly
    by each supply owner, official custodian, or his
    authorized personnel to a certified laboratory for
    bacteriological analysis.
    1) The minimum number of samples to be submitted
    monthly is dependent upon the population served
    as shown in Section 605.102.
    2) A greater number of samples may be required by
    the Environmental Protection Agency (Agency) to
    be analyzed each month.
    b) The owner, official custodian, or authorized
    personnel of any community water supply which is
    exempt from chlorination pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm.
    Code 604.403 shall submit samples to a certified
    laboratory for bacteriological analysis at least
    twice a month. Each submission shall consist of the
    minimum number of samples shown in Section 605.102
    plus raw water samples of a sufficient number to
    assure that each active well is sampled at least
    monthly.
    c) It shall be the responsibility of the supply to have
    the analyses performed either at its own certified
    laboratory or at any other certified laboratory.
    The Agency may require that some or all of the
    monthly samples be submitted to its laboratories.
    (Source: Amended at 14 Ill. Reg. 16642, effective September
    20, 1990)
    Section 605.102 Minimum Allowable Monthly Samples for
    Bacteriological Analysis
    This Section applies until the effective date for the
    filtration and disinfection requirements of 35 Ill. Adm. Code
    611.Subpart B as applicable to each supply.
    Population Served Minimum number of
    Samples Pper Month
    25 to 100 1
    101 to 2,500 2
    2,501 to 3,300 3
    3,301 to 4,100 4
    4,101 to 4,900 5
    4,901 to 5,800 6
    5,801 to 6,700 7
    6,701 to 7,600 8
    7,601 to 8,500 9

    11
    8,501 to 9,400 10
    9,401 to 10,300 11
    10,301 to 11,100 12
    11,101 to 12,000 13
    12,001 to 12,900 14
    12,901 to 13,700 15
    13,701 to 14,600 16
    14,601 to 15,500 17
    15,501 to 16,300 18
    16,301 to 17,200 19
    17,201 to 18,100 20
    18,101 to 18,900 21
    18,901 to 19,800 22
    19,801 to 20,700 23
    20,701 to 21,500 24
    21,501 to 22,300 25
    22,301 to 23,200 26
    23,201 to 24,000 27
    24,001 to 24,900 28
    24,901 to 25,000 29
    25,001 to 28,000 30
    28,001 to 33,000 35
    33,001 to 37,000 40
    37,001 to 41,000 45
    41,001 to 46,000 50
    46,001 to 50,000 55
    50,001 to 54,000 60
    54,001 to 59,000 65
    59,001 to 64,000 70
    64,001 to 70,000 75
    70,001 to 76,000 80
    76,001 to 83,000 85
    83,001 to 90,000 90
    90,001 to 96,000 95
    96,001 to 111,000 100
    111,001 to 130,000 110
    130,001 to 160,000 120
    160,001 to 190,000 130
    190,001 to 220,000 140
    220,001 to 250,000 150
    250,001 to 290,000 160
    290,001 to 320,000 170
    320,001 to 360,000 180
    360,001 to 410,000 190
    410,001 to 450,000 200
    450,001 to 500,000 210
    500,001 to 550,000 220
    550,001 to 600,000 230
    600,001 to 660,000 240
    660,001 to 720,000 250
    720,001 to 780,000 260
    780,001 to 840,000 270

    12
    840,001 to 910,000 280
    910,001 to 970,000 290
    970,001 to 1,050,000 300
    1,050,001 to 1,140,000 310
    1,140,001 to 1,230,000 320
    1,230,001 to 1,320,000 330
    1,320,001 to 1,420,000 340
    1,420,001 to 1,520,000 350
    1,520,001 to 1,630,000 360
    1,630,001 to 1,730,000 370
    1,730,001 to 1,850,000 380
    1,850,001 to 1,970,000 390
    1,970,001 to 2,060,000 400
    2,060,001 to 2,270,000 410
    2,270,001 to 2,510,000 420
    2,510,001 to 2,750,000 430
    2,750,001 to 3,020,000 440
    3,020,001 to 3,320,000 450
    3,320,001 to 3,620,000 460
    3,620,001 to 3,960,000 470
    2,960,001 to 4,310,000 480
    4,310,001 to 4,690,000 490
    4,690,001 or more 500
    (Source: Amended at 14 Ill. Reg. 16642, effective September
    20, 1990)
    Section 605.103 Frequency of Chemical Analysis Sampling
    (Repealed)
    (Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16642, effective September
    20, 1990)
    Section 605.104 Frequency of Trihalomethane Analysis
    Sampling (Repealed)
    (Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16442, effective September
    20, 1990)
    Section 605.105 Monitoring Requirements for Radium-226,
    -228 and Gross Alpha particle Activity
    (Repealed)
    (Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16642, effective September
    20, 1990)
    Section 605.106 Monitoring Frequency for Radium-226, -228
    and Gross Alpha Particle Activity
    (Repealed)
    (Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16642, effective September

    13
    20, 1990)
    Section 605.107 Monitoring Requirements for Man-Made
    Radioactivity (Repealed)
    (Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16642, effective September
    20, 1990)
    Section 605.108 Monitoring Frequency for Man-Made
    Radioactivity (Repealed)
    (Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16642, effective September
    20, 1990)
    Section 605.109 Surface Water Supplies Additional
    Monitoring Requirements
    This Section applies until the effective date for the
    filtration and disinfection requirements of 35 Ill. Adm. Code
    611.Subpart B as applicable to each supply. Owners or official
    custodians of community water supplies utilizing surface water
    sources shall ensure:
    a) that finished water samples are taken at
    arepresentative entry points to the distribution
    systemat least once per day, and
    b) that a turbidity analysis is performed on each of
    thesamples immediately. The analysis of the samples
    shall be done by an individual who has been approved
    by the Agency as qualified to make this analysis.
    (Source: Amended at 14 Ill. Reg. 16642, effective September
    20, 1990)
    Section 605.110 Modification of Monitoring Requirements
    (Repealed)
    (Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16642, effective September
    20, 1990)
    Section 605.Appendix A References to Former Rules (Repealed)
    (Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16642, effective September
    20, 1990)

    14
    TITLE 35: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
    SUBTITLE F: PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES
    CHAPTER I: POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
    PART 611
    PRIMARY DRINKING WATER STANDARDS
    SUBPART A: GENERAL
    Section
    611.100
    Purpose, Scope and Applicability
    611.101
    Definitions
    611.102
    Incorporations by Reference
    611.103
    Severability
    611.107
    Agency Inspection of PWS Facilities
    611.108
    Delegation to Local Government
    611.109
    Enforcement
    611.110
    Special Exception Permits
    611.111
    Section 1415 Variances
    611.112
    Section 1416 Variances
    611.113
    Alternative Treatment Techniques
    611.114
    Siting requirements
    611.115
    Source Water Quantity
    611.120
    Effective dates
    611.121
    Maximum Contaminant Levels
    611.125
    Fluoridation Requirement
    611.126
    Prohibition on Use of Lead
    611.130
    Special Requirements for Certain Variances and
    Adjusted Standards
    SUBPART B: FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION
    Section
    611.201
    Requiring a Demonstration
    611.202
    Procedures for Agency Determinations
    611.211
    Filtration Required
    611.212
    Groundwater under Direct Influence of Surface Water
    611.213
    No Method of HPC Analysis
    611.220
    General Requirements
    611.230
    Filtration Effective Dates
    611.231
    Source Water Quality Conditions
    611.232
    Site-specific Conditions
    611.233
    Treatment Technique Violations
    611.240
    Disinfection
    611.241
    Unfiltered PWSs
    611.242
    Filtered PWSs
    611.250
    Filtration
    611.261
    Unfiltered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping
    611.262
    Filtered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping
    611.271
    Protection during Repair Work
    611.272
    Disinfection following Repair
    SUBPART C: USE OF NON-CENTRALIZED TREATMENT DEVICES
    Section

    15
    611.280
    Point-of-Entry Devices
    611.290
    Use of Point-of-Use Devices or Bottled Water
    SUBPART D: TREATMENT TECHNIQUES
    Section
    611.295
    General Requirements
    611.296
    Acrylamide and Epichlorohydrin
    611.297
    Corrosion Control
    SUBPART F: MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS (MCL's)
    Section
    611.300
    Old MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals
    611.301
    Revised MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals
    611.310
    Old MCLs for Organic Chemicals
    611.311
    Revised MCLs for Organic Contaminants
    611.320
    Turbidity
    611.325
    Microbiological Contaminants
    611.330
    Radium and Gross Alpha Particle Activity
    611.331
    Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity
    SUBPART G: LEAD AND COPPER
    Section
    611.350
    General Requirements
    611.351
    Applicability of Corrosion Control
    611.352
    Corrosion Control Treatment
    611.353
    Source Water Treatment
    611.354
    Lead Service Line Replacement
    611.355
    Public Education and Supplemental Monitoring
    611.356
    Tap Water Monitoring for Lead and Copper
    611.357
    Monitoring for Water Quality Parameters
    611.358
    Monitoring for Lead and Copper in Source Water
    611.359
    Analytical Methods
    611.360
    Reporting
    611.361
    Recordkeeping
    SUBPART K: GENERAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
    Section
    611.480
    Alternative Analytical Techniques
    611.490
    Certified Laboratories
    611.491
    Laboratory Testing Equipment
    611.500
    Consecutive PWSs
    611.510
    Special Monitoring for Unregulated Contaminants
    SUBPART L: MICROBIOLOGICAL
    MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
    Section
    611.521
    Routine Coliform Monitoring
    611.522
    Repeat Coliform Monitoring
    611.523
    Invalidation of Total Coliform Samples
    611.524
    Sanitary Surveys
    611.525
    Fecal Coliform and E. Coli Testing
    611.526
    Analytical Methodology

    16
    611.527
    Response to Violation
    611.531
    Analytical Requirements
    611.532
    Unfiltered PWSs
    611.533
    Filtered PWSs
    SUBPART M: TURBIDITY MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
    Section
    611.560
    Turbidity
    SUBPART N: INORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
    Section
    611.591
    Violation of State MCL
    611.592
    Frequency of State Monitoring
    611.600
    Applicability
    611.601
    Monitoring Frequency
    611.602
    Asbestos Monitoring Frequency
    611.603
    Inorganic Monitoring Frequency
    611.604
    Nitrate Monitoring
    611.605
    Nitrite Monitoring
    611.606
    Confirmation Samples
    611.607
    More Frequent Monitoring and Confirmation Sampling
    611.608
    Additional Optional Monitoring
    611.609
    Averaging
    611.610
    Inorganic Monitoring Times
    611.611
    Inorganic Analysis
    611.612
    Monitoring Requirements for Old Inorganic MCLs
    611.630
    Special Monitoring for Sodium
    611.631
    Special Monitoring for Inorganic Chemicals
    SUBPART O: ORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
    Section
    611.640
    Definitions
    611.641
    Old MCLs
    611.645
    Analytical Methods for Old MCLs
    611.646
    Phase I, and Phase II, and Phase V Volatile Organic
    Contaminants
    611.647
    Sampling for Phase I Volatile Organic Contaminants
    611.648
    Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V Synthetic Organic
    Contaminants
    611.650
    Monitoring for 36 Contaminants (Repealed)
    611.657
    Analytical Methods for 36 Contaminants (Repealed)
    611.658
    Special Monitoring for Organic Chemicals
    SUBPART P: THM MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
    Section
    611.680
    Sampling, Analytical and other Requirements
    611.683
    Reduced Monitoring Frequency
    611.684
    Averaging
    611.685
    Analytical Methods
    611.686
    Modification to System
    SUBPART Q: RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL

    17
    REQUIREMENTS
    Section
    611.720
    Analytical Methods
    611.731
    Gross Alpha
    611.732
    Manmade Radioactivity
    SUBPART T: REPORTING, PUBLIC NOTIFICATION AND RECORDKEEPING
    Section
    611.830
    Applicability
    611.831
    Monthly Operating Report
    611.832
    Notice by Agency
    611.833
    Cross Connection Reporting
    611.840
    Reporting
    611.851
    Reporting MCL and other Violations
    611.852
    Reporting other Violations
    611.853
    Notice to New Billing Units
    611.854
    General Content of Public Notice
    611.855
    Mandatory Health Effects Language
    611.856
    Fluoride Notice
    611.858
    Fluoride Secondary Standard
    611.860
    Record Maintenance
    611.870
    List of 36 Contaminants
    611.Appendix AMandatory Health Effects Information
    611.Appendix BPercent Inactivation of G. Lamblia Cysts
    611.Appendix CCommon Names of Organic Chemicals
    611.Appendix DDefined Substrate Method for the Simultaneous
    Detection of Total Coliforms and Eschricia Coli
    from Drinking Water
    611.Appendix EMandatory Lead Public Education Information
    611.Table A
    Total Coliform Monitoring Frequency
    611.Table B
    Fecal or Total Coliform Density Measurements
    611.Table C
    Frequency of RDC Measurement
    611.Table D
    Number of Lead and Copper Monitoring Sites
    611.Table E
    Lead and Copper Monitoring Start Dates
    611.Table F
    Number of Water Quality Parameter Sampling Sites
    611.Table G
    Summary of Monitoring Requirements for Water
    Quality Parameters
    1
    611.Table Z
    Federal Effective Dates
    AUTHORITY: Implementing Sections 17 and 17.5 and authorized
    by Section 27 of the Environmental Protection Act (Ill. Rev.
    Stat. 1991, ch. 111½, pars. 1017, 1017.5 and 1027 [415 ILCS
    5/17, 5/17.5 and 5/27]).
    SOURCE: Adopted in R88-26 at 14 Ill. Reg. 16517, effective
    September 20, 1990; amended in R90-21 at 14 Ill. Reg. 20448,
    effective December 11, 1990; amended in R90-13 at 15 Ill. Reg.
    1562, effective January 22, 1991; amended in R91-3 at 16 Ill.
    Reg. 19010, December 1, 1992; amended in R92-3 at 17 Ill. Reg.
    , effective ; amended in R93-1
    at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective .

    18
    SUBPART A: GENERAL
    Section 611.101
    Definitions
    As used in this Part, the term:
    "Act" means the Environmental Protection Act (Ill.
    Rev. Stat. 1991, ch. 111½, par. 1001 et seq. [415
    ILCS 5/1 et seq.])
    "Agency" means the Illinois Environmental Protection
    Agency.
    BOARD NOTE: The Department of Public Health
    ("Public Health") regulates non-community water
    supplies ("non-CWSs", including non-transient, non-
    community water supplies ("NTNCWSs") and transient
    non-community water supplies ("transient non-
    CWSs")). For the purposes of regulation of supplies
    by Public Health by reference to this Part, "Agency"
    shall mean Public Health.
    "Ai" means "inactivation ratio".
    "Approved source of bottled water", for the
    purposes of Section 611.130(e)(4), means a
    source of water and the water therefrom, whether
    it be from a spring, artesian well, drilled
    well, municipal water supply, or any other
    source, that has been inspected and the water
    sampled, analyzed, and found to be a safe and
    sanitary quality according to applicable laws
    and regulations of State and local government
    agencies having jurisdiction, as evidenced by
    the presence in the plant of current
    certificates or notations of approval from each
    government agency or agencies having
    jurisdiction over the source, the water it
    bottles, and the distribution of the water in
    commerce.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.62(g)(2)
    and 21 CFR 129.3(a) (1992). The Board cannot
    compile an exhaustive listing of all federal,
    state, and local laws to which bottled water and
    bottling water may be subjected. However, the
    statutes and regulations of which the Board is
    aware are the following: the Illinois Food,
    Drug and Cosmetic Act (410 ILCS 620/1 et seq.,
    formerly Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991 ch. 56½, par. 501
    et seq.), the Bottled Water Act (815 ILCS 310/1
    et seq., formerly Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991 ch. 111½,

    19
    par. 121.101), the DPH Water Well Construction
    Code (77 Ill. Adm. Code 920), the DPH Water Well
    Pump Installation Code (77 Ill. Adm. Code 925),
    the federal bottled water quality standards (21
    CFR 103.35), the federal drinking water
    processing and bottling standards (21 CFR 129),
    the federal Good Manufacturing Practices for
    human foods (21 CFR 110), the federal Fair
    Packaging and Labeling Act (15 U.S.C. §§ 1451 et
    seq.), and the federal Fair Packaging and
    Labeling regulations (21 CFR 201).
    "Best available technology" or "BAT" means the best
    technology, treatment techniques or other means that
    USEPA has found are available for the contaminant in
    question. BAT is specified in Subpart F of this
    Part.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Board" means the Illinois Pollution Control Board.
    "CAS No" means "Chemical Abstracts Services Number".
    "CT" or "CT
    calc
    " is the product of "residual
    disinfectant concentration" (RDC or C) in mg/L
    determined before or at the first customer, and the
    corresponding "disinfectant contact time" (T) in
    minutes. If a supplier applies disinfectants at
    more than one point prior to the first customer, it
    shall determine the CT of each disinfectant sequence
    before or at the first customer to determine the
    total percent inactivation or "total inactivation
    ratio". In determining the total inactivation
    ratio, the supplier shall determine the RDC of each
    disinfection sequence and corresponding contact time
    before any subsequent disinfection application
    point(s). (See "CT
    99.9
    ")
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "CT
    99.9
    " is the CT value required for 99.9 percent (3-
    log) inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts. CT
    99.9
    for a variety of disinfectants and conditions appear
    in Tables 1.1-1.6, 2.1 and 3.1 of Section 611.-
    Appendix B. (See "Inactivation Ratio".)
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from the definition of "CT" in
    40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Coagulation" means a process using coagulant
    chemicals and mixing by which colloidal and
    suspended materials are destabilized and
    agglomerated into flocs.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).

    20
    "Community Water System" or "CWS" means a public
    water system (PWS) that serves at least 15 service
    connections used by year-round residents or
    regularly serves at least 25 year-round residents.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992). This
    definition differs slightly from that of Section
    3.05 of the Act.
    "Compliance cycle" means the nine-year calendar year
    cycle during which public water systems (PWSs) must
    monitor. Each compliance cycle consists of three
    three-year compliance periods. The first calendar
    cycle begins January 1, 1993, and ends December 31,
    2001; the second begins January 1, 2002 and ends
    December 31, 2010; the third begins January 1, 2011,
    and ends December 31, 2019.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Compliance period" means a three-year calendar year
    period within a compliance cycle. Each compliance
    cycle has three three-year compliance periods.
    Within the first compliance cycle, the first
    compliance period runs from January 1, 1993, to
    December 31, 1995; the second from January 1, 1996,
    to December 31, 1998; the third from January 1,
    1999, to December 31, 2001.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Confluent growth" means a continuous bacterial
    growth covering the entire filtration area of a
    membrane filter or a portion thereof, in which
    bacterial colonies are not discrete.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Contaminant" means any physical, chemical,
    biological or radiological substance or matter in
    water.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Conventional filtration treatment" means a series
    of processes including coagulation, flocculation,
    sedimentation and filtration resulting in
    substantial particulate removal.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Diatomaceous earth filtration" means a process
    resulting in substantial particulate removal in
    which:
    A precoat cake of diatomaceous earth filter
    media is deposited on a support membrane

    21
    (septum); and
    While the water is filtered by passing through
    the cake on the septum, additional filter media
    known as body feed is continuously added to the
    feed water to maintain the permeability of the
    filter cake.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Direct filtration" means a series of processes
    including coagulation and filtration but excluding
    sedimentation resulting in substantial particulate
    removal.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Disinfectant" means any oxidant, including but not
    limited to chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chloramines
    and ozone added to water in any part of the
    treatment or distribution process, that is intended
    to kill or inactivate pathogenic microorganisms.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Disinfectant contact time" or "T" means the time in
    minutes that it takes for water to move from the
    point of disinfectant application or the previous
    point of RDC measurement to a point before or at the
    point where RDC is measured.
    Where only one RDC is measured, T is the time in
    minutes that it takes for water to move from the
    point of disinfectant application to a point
    before or at where RDC is measured.
    Where more than one RDC is measured, T is:
    For the first measurement of RDC, the time
    in minutes that it takes for water to move
    from the first or only point of
    disinfectant application to a point before
    or at the point where the first RDC is
    measured and
    For subsequent measurements of RDC, the
    time in minutes that it takes for water to
    move from the previous RDC measurement
    point to the RDC measurement point for
    which the particular T is being calculated.
    T in pipelines must be calculated based on "plug
    flow" by dividing the internal volume of the
    pipe by the maximum hourly flow rate through
    that pipe.

    22
    T within mixing basins and storage reservoirs
    must be determined by tracer studies or an
    equivalent demonstration.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Disinfection" means a process that inactivates
    pathogenic organisms in water by chemical oxidants
    or equivalent agents.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Distribution system" includes all points downstream
    of an "entry point" to the point of consumer
    ownership.
    "Domestic or other non-distribution system plumbing
    problem" means a coliform contamination problem in a
    PWS with more than one service connection that is
    limited to the specific service connection from
    which the coliform-positive sample was taken.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Dose equivalent" means the product of the absorbed
    dose from ionizing radiation and such factors as
    account for differences in biological effectiveness
    due to the type of radiation and its distribution in
    the body as specified by the International
    Commission on Radiological Units and Measurements
    (ICRU).
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Entry point" means a point just downstream of the
    final treatment operation, but upstream of the first
    user and upstream of any mixing with other water.
    If raw water is used without treatment, the "entry
    point" is the raw water source. If a PWS receives
    treated water from another PWS, the "entry point" is
    a point just downstream of the other PWS, but
    upstream of the first user on the receiving PWS, and
    upstream of any mixing with other water.
    "Filtration" means a process for removing
    particulate matter from water by passage through
    porous media.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Flocculation" means a process to enhance
    agglomeration or collection of smaller floc
    particles into larger, more easily settleable
    particles through gentle stirring by hydraulic or
    mechanical means.

    23
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "GC" means "gas chromatography" or "gas-liquid phase
    chromatography".
    "GC/MS" means gas chromatography (GC) followed by
    mass spectrometry (MS).
    "Gross alpha particle activity" means the total
    radioactivity due to alpha particle emission as
    inferred from measurements on a dry sample.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Gross beta particle activity" means the total
    radioactivity due to beta particle emission as
    inferred from measurements on a dry sample.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Groundwater under the direct influence of surface
    water" is as determined in Section 611.212.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "GWS" means "groundwater system", a public water
    supply (PWS) that uses only groundwater sources.
    BOARD NOTE: Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(b)(2) &
    141.24(f)(2) note (1992).
    "Halogen" means one of the chemical elements
    chlorine, bromine or iodine.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "HPC" means "heterotrophic plate count", measured as
    specified in Section 611.531(c).
    "Inactivation Ratio" (Ai) means:
    Ai = CT
    calc
    /CT
    99.9
    The sum of the inactivation ratios, or "total
    inactivation ratio" (B) is calculated by adding
    together the inactivation ratio for each
    disinfection sequence:
    B = SUM(Ai)
    A total inactivation ratio equal to or greater
    than 1.0 is assumed to provide a 3-log
    inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from the definition of "CT"
    in 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).

    24
    "Initial compliance period" means the three-year
    compliance period that begins January 1, 1993,
    except for the MCLs for dichloromethane, 1,2,4-
    trichlorobenzene, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, benzo[a]-
    pyrene, dalapon, di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, di(2-ethy-
    lhexyl)phthalate, dinoseb, diquat, endothall,
    endrin, glyphosate, hexachlorobenzene, hexachloro-
    cyclopentadiene, oxamyl, picloram, simazine,
    2,3,7,8-TCDD, antimony, beryllium, cyanide, nickel,
    and thallium as they apply to suppliers whose
    supplies have fewer than 150 service connections,
    for which it means the three-year compliance period
    that begins on January 1, 1996.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992), as
    amended at 57 Fed. Reg. 31838 (July 17, 1992).
    "L" means "liter".
    "Legionella" means a genus of bacteria, some species
    of which have caused a type of pneumonia called
    Legionnaires Disease.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Man-made beta particle and photon emitters" means
    all radionuclides emitting beta particles and/or
    photons listed in Maximum Permissible Body Burdens
    and Maximum Permissible Concentrations of
    Radionuclides in Air and in Water for Occupational
    Exposure, NCRP Report Number 22, incorporated by
    reference in Section 611.102, except the daughter
    products of thorium-232, uranium-235 and uranium-
    238.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Maximum contaminant level" ("MCL") means the
    maximum permissible level of a contaminant in water
    that is delivered to any user of a public water
    system. See Section 611.121
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Maximum Total Trihalomethane Potential" or "MTP"
    means the maximum concentration of total
    trihalomethanes (TTHMs) produced in a given water
    containing a disinfectant residual after 7 days at a
    temperature of 25
    °
    C or above.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "MFL" means millions of fibers per liter larger than
    10 micrometers.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(a)(4)(i)
    (1992).

    25
    "mg" means milligrams (1/1000th of a gram).
    "mg/L" means milligrams per liter.
    "Mixed system" means a PWS that uses both
    groundwater and surface water sources.
    BOARD NOTE: Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(b)(2) and
    141.24(f)(2) note (1992).
    "MUG" means 4-methyl-umbelliferyl-beta-d-
    glucuronide.
    "Near the first service connection" means at one of
    the 20 percent of all service connections in the
    entire system that are nearest the public water
    system (PWS) treatment facility, as measured by
    water transport time within the distribution system.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "nm" means nanometer (1/1,000,000,000th of a meter).
    "Non-community water system" or "NCWS" or "non-CWS"
    means a public water system (PWS) that is not a
    community water system (CWS).
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from the definition of "public
    water system" in 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Non-transient non-community water system" or
    "NTNCWS" means a public water system (PWS) that is
    not a community water system (CWS) and that
    regularly serves at least 25 of the same persons
    over 6 months per year.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "NPDWR" means "national primary drinking water
    regulation".
    "NTU" means "nephelometric turbidity units".
    "Old MCL" means one of the inorganic maximum
    contaminant levels (MCLs), codified at Section
    611.300, or organic MCLs, codified at Section
    611.310, including any marked as "additional state
    requirements."
    BOARD NOTE: Old MCLs are those derived prior to the
    implementation of the USEPA "Phase II" regulations.
    The Section 611.640 definition of this term, which
    applies only to Subpart O of this Part, differs from
    this definition in that that definition does not
    include the Section 611.300 inorganic MCLs.

    26
    "P-A Coliform Test" means "Presence-Absence Coliform
    Test".
    "Performance evaluation sample" means a reference
    sample provided to a laboratory for the purpose of
    demonstrating that the laboratory can successfully
    analyze the sample within limits of performance
    specified by the Agency; or, for bacteriological
    laboratories, Public Health; or, for radiological
    laboratories, the Illinois Department of Nuclear
    Safety. The true value of the concentration of the
    reference material is unknown to the laboratory at
    the time of the analysis.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Person" means an individual, corporation, company,
    association, partnership, State, unit of local
    government or federal agency.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Phase I" refers to that group of chemical
    contaminants and the accompanying regulations
    promulgated by USEPA on July 8, 1987, at 52 Fed.
    Reg. 25712.
    "Phase II" refers to that group of chemical
    contaminants and the accompanying regulations
    promulgated by USEPA on January 30, 1991, at 56 Fed.
    Reg. 3578.
    "Phase IIB" refers to that group of chemical
    contaminants and the accompanying regulations
    promulgated by USEPA on July 1, 1991, at 56 Fed.
    Reg. 30266.
    "Phase V" refers to that group of chemical
    contaminants promulgated by USEPA on July 17, 1992,
    at 57 Fed. Reg. 31776.
    "Picocurie" or "pCi" means the quantity of
    radioactive material producing 2.22 nuclear
    transformations per minute.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Point of disinfectant application" is the point at
    which the disinfectant is applied and downstream of
    which water is not subject to recontamination by
    surface water runoff.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Point-of-entry treatment device" is a treatment
    device applied to the drinking water entering a

    27
    house or building for the purpose of reducing
    contaminants in the drinking water distributed
    throughout the house or building.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Point-of-use treatment device" is a treatment
    device applied to a single tap used for the purpose
    of reducing contaminants in drinking water at that
    one tap.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Public Health" means the Illinois Department of
    Public Health.
    BOARD NOTE: The Department of Public Health
    ("Public Health") regulates non-community water
    supplies ("non-CWSs", including non-transient, non-
    community water supplies ("NTNCWSs") and transient
    non-community water supplies ("transient non-
    CWSs")). For the purposes of regulation of supplies
    by Public Health by reference to this Part, "Agency"
    shall mean Public Health.
    "Public water system" or "PWS" means a system for
    the provision to the public of piped water for human
    consumption, if such system has at least fifteen
    service connections or regularly serves an average
    of at least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days
    out of the year. A PWS is either a community water
    system (CWS) or a non-community water system (non-
    CWS). Such term includes:
    Any collection, treatment, storage and
    distribution facilities under control of the
    operator of such system and used primarily in
    connection with such system, and;
    Any collection or pretreatment storage
    facilities not under such control that are used
    primarily in connection with such system.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Reliably and consistently" below a specified level
    for a contaminant means an Agency determination
    based on analytical results following the initial
    detection of a contaminant to determine the
    qualitative condition of water from an individual
    sampling point or source. The Agency shall base
    this determination on the consistency of analytical
    results, the degree below the MCL, the
    susceptibility of source water to variation, and
    other vulnerability factors pertinent to the
    contaminant detected that may influence the quality

    28
    of water.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(b)(9),
    141.24(f)(11)(ii), and 141.24(f)(11)(iii) (1992).
    "Rem" means the unit of dose equivalent from
    ionizing radiation to the total body or any internal
    organ or organ system. A "millirem (mrem)" is
    1/1000 of a rem.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Repeat compliance period" means a compliance period
    that begins after the initial compliance period.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Representative" means that a sample must reflect
    the quality of water that is delivered to consumers
    under conditions when all sources required to supply
    water under normal conditions are in use and all
    treatment is properly operating.
    "Residual disinfectant concentration" ("RDC" or "C"
    in CT calculations) means the concentration of
    disinfectant measured in mg/L in a representative
    sample of water. For purposes of the requirement of
    Section 611.241(d) of maintaining a detectable RDC
    in the distribution system, "RDC" means a residual
    of free or combined chlorine.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "SDWA" means the Public Health Service Act, as
    amended by the Safe Drinking Water Act, Pub. L. 93-
    523, 42 U.S.C. 300f et seq.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Sanitary survey" means an onsite review of the
    water source, facilities, equipment, operation and
    maintenance of a public water system (PWS) for the
    purpose of evaluating the adequacy of such source,
    facilities, equipment, operation and maintenance for
    producing and distributing safe drinking water.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Sedimentation" means a process for removal of
    solids before filtration by gravity or separation.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "SEP" means special exception permit (Section
    611.110).
    "Slow sand filtration" means a process involving
    passage of raw water through a bed of sand at low
    velocity (generally less than 0.4 meters per hour

    29
    (m/h)) resulting in substantial particulate removal
    by physical and biological mechanisms.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "SOC" or "Synthetic organic chemical contaminant"
    refers to that group of contaminants designated as
    "SOCs", or "synthetic organic chemicals" or
    "synthetic organic contaminants", in USEPA
    regulatory discussions and guidance documents.
    "SOCs" include alachlor, aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone,
    aldicarb sulfoxide, atrazine, benzo[a]pyrene, carbo-
    furan, chlordane, dalapon, dibromoethylene (ethylene
    dibromide or EDB), dibromochloropropane (DBCP), di-
    (2-ethylhexyl)adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,
    dinoseb, diquat, endothall, endrin, glyphosate,
    heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, hexachlorobenzene,
    hexachlorocyclopentadiene, lindane, methoxychlor,
    oxamyl, pentachlorophenol, picloram, simazine,
    toxaphene, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 2,4-D,
    2,3,7,8-TCDD, and 2,4,5-TP.
    "Source" means a well, reservoir, or other source of
    raw water.
    "Standard sample" means the aliquot of finished
    drinking water that is examined for the presence of
    coliform bacteria.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Supplier of water" or "supplier" means any person
    who owns or operates a public water system (PWS).
    This term includes the "official custodian".
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Surface water" means all water that is open to the
    atmosphere and subject to surface runoff.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "SWS" means "surface water system", a public water
    supply (PWS) that uses only surface water sources,
    including "groundwater under the direct influence of
    surface water".
    BOARD NOTE: Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(b)(2) and
    141.24(f)(2) note (1992).
    "System with a single service connection" means a
    system that supplies drinking water to consumers via
    a single service line.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Too numerous to count" means that the total number
    of bacterial colonies exceeds 200 on a 47-mm

    30
    diameter membrane filter used for coliform
    detection.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Total trihalomethanes" or "TTHM" means the sum of
    the concentration of trihalomethanes (THMs), in
    milligrams per liter (mg/L), rounded to two
    significant figures.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from the definition of "total
    trihalomethanes" in 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).See the
    definition of THMs for a listing of the four
    compounds that USEPA considers TTHMs to comprise.
    "Transient, non-community water system" or
    "transient non-CWS" or "TNCWS" means a public water
    system (PWS) that is neither a community water
    system ("CWS") nor a non-transient, noncommunity
    water system ("NTNCWS").
    BOARD NOTE: The federal regulations apply to all
    "public water systems", which are defined as all
    systems having at least 15 service connections or
    regularly serving water to at least 25 persons. See
    42 U.S.C. §300f(4). The Act mandates that the Board
    and the Agency regulate "public water supplies",
    which it defines as having at least 15 service
    connections or regularly serving 25 persons daily at
    least 60 days per year. See Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991
    ch. 111½, par. 1003.28 [415 ILCS 5/3.28]. The
    Department of Public Health regulates transient non-
    community water systems.
    "Treatment" means any process that changes the
    physical, chemical, microbiological, or radiological
    properties of water, is under the control of the
    supplier, and is not a "point of use" or "point of
    entry treatment device" as defined in this Section.
    "Treatment" includes, but is not limited to
    aeration, coagulation, sedimentation, filtration,
    activated carbon treatment, disinfection, and
    fluoridation.
    "Trihalomethane" or "THM" means one of the family of
    organic compounds, named as derivatives of methane,
    in which three of the four hydrogen atoms in methane
    are each substituted by a halogen atom in the
    molecular structure. The THMs are:
    Trichloromethane (chloroform),
    Dibromochloromethane,
    Bromodichloromethane and

    31
    Tribromomethane (bromoform)
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from the definitions of
    "total trihalomethanes" and "trihalomethanes" in
    40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "
    μ
    g" means micrograms (1/1,000,000th of a gram).
    "USEPA" means the U.S. Environmental Protection
    Agency.
    "Virus" means a virus of fecal origin that is
    infectious to humans by waterborne transmission.
    "VOC" or "volatile organic chemical contaminant"
    refers to that group of contaminants designated as
    "VOCs", or "volatile organic chemicals" or "volatile
    organic contaminants", in USEPA regulatory
    discussions and guidance documents. "VOCs" include
    benzene, dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane (carbon
    tetrachloride), trichloroethylene, vinyl chloride,
    1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform), 1,1-di-
    chloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, cis-1,2-di-
    chloroethylene, ethylbenzene, monochlorobenzene,
    o-dichlorobenzene, styrene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene,
    1,1,2-trichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, toluene,
    trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, xylene, and 1,2-di-
    chloropropane.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Waterborne disease outbreak" means the significant
    occurrence of acute infectious illness,
    epidemiologically associated with the ingestion of
    water from a public water system (PWS) that is
    deficient in treatment, as determined by the
    appropriate local or State agency.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
    "Wellhead Protection Program" means the wellhead
    protection program for the State of Illinois,
    approved by USEPA under Section 1428 of the SDWA.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.71(b) (1992).
    The wellhead protection program will include the
    "groundwater protection needs assessment" under
    Section 17.1 of the Act, and regulations to be
    adopted in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 615 et seq.
    (Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    )

    32
    Section 611.102
    Incorporations by Reference
    a)
    Abbreviations. The following abbreviated names are
    used in this Part to refer to materials incorporated
    by reference:
    "AEPA-1 Polymer" is available from Advanced
    Polymer Systems.
    "Asbestos Methods" means "Analytical Method for
    Determination of Asbestos Fibers in Water",
    available from NTIS.
    "ASTM" means American Society for Testing and
    Materials
    "Atomic Absorption-Platform Furnace Method" or
    "AA-Platform Furnace Method" means
    "Determination of Trace Elements by Stabilized
    Temperature Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption
    Spectrometry -- Method 200.9"
    "Indigo method" is as described in "Standard
    Methods", 17th Edition, Method 4500-O
    3
    B.
    "Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry
    Method" or "ICP-MS Method" means "Determination
    of Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by
    Inductively-Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry --
    Method 200.8"
    "Inductively Coupled Plasma Method 200.7" or
    "ICP Method 200.7" means "Inductively Coupled
    Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometric Method for
    Trace Element Analysis in Water and Wastes --
    Method 200.7, with appendix". See 40 CFR 136,
    Appendix C.
    "Inductively Coupled Plasma Method 200.7, Rev.
    3.2" or "ICP Method 200.7, Rev. 3.2" means
    "Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in
    Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-
    Atomic Emission Spectrometry -- Method 200.7,
    Revision 3.2" See 40 CFR 136, Appendix C.
    "Ion Chromatography Method 300.0" means
    "Determination of Inorganic Ions in Water by Ion
    Chromatography -- Method 300.0"
    "Microbiological Methods" means "Microbiological
    Methods for Monitoring the Environment, Water
    and Wastes", available from NTIS.

    33
    "MMO-MUG Test" means "minimal medium ortho-
    nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside-4-methyl-
    umbelliferyl-beta-d-glucuronide test", available
    from Environetics, Inc.
    "NCRP" means "National Council on Radiation
    Protection".
    "NTIS" means "National Technical Information
    Service".
    "Radiochemical Methods" means "Interim
    Radiochemical Methodology for Drinking Water",
    available from NTIS.
    "Standard Methods", means "Standard Methods for
    the Examination of Water and Wastewater",
    available from the American Waterworks
    Association.
    "Technicon Methods" means "Fluoride in Water and
    Wastewater", available from Technicon.
    "USEPA Asbestos Methods" means "Analytical
    Method for Determination of Asbestos Fibers in
    Water", available from NTIS.
    "USEPA Dioxin and Furan Method 1613" means
    "Tetra- through Octa- Chlorinated Dioxins and
    Furans by Isotope Dilution, available from
    USEPA-OST.
    "USEPA Environmental Metals Methods" means
    "Methods for the Determination of Metals in
    Environmental Samples", available from NTIS.
    "USEPA Inorganic Methods" means "Methods for
    Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes",
    available from NTIS and ORD Publications.
    "USEPA Ion Chromatography Method 300.0" means
    "Method 300.0, Determination of Inorganic Anions
    in Water by Ion Chromatography", available from
    USEPA-EMSL.
    "USEPA Organic Methods" means "Methods for the
    Determination of Organic Compounds in Finished
    Drinking Water and Raw Source Water", September,
    1986, available from NTIS and USEPA-EMSL, for
    the purposes of Section 611.647 only , and
    "Methods for the Determination of Organic

    34
    Compounds in Drinking Water", December, 1988,
    available from NTIS and ORD Publications, for
    the purposes of Sections 611.646 and 611.648.
    "USGS Methods" means "United States Geological
    Survey Methods for Determination of Inorganic
    Substances in Water and Fluvial Sediments",
    available from USGS.
    b)
    The Board incorporates the following publications by
    reference:
    Access Analytical Systems, Inc., See
    Environetics, Inc.
    ASTM. American Society for Testing and
    Materials, 1976 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA
    19103 215/299-5585:
    ASTM Method D511-88A and B, "Standard Test
    Methods for Calcium and Magnesium in
    Water", approved 1988.
    ASTM Method D515-88A, "Standard Test
    Methods for Phosphorus in Water", approved
    1988.
    ASTM Method D858-88, "Standard Test Methods
    for Manganese in Water", approved August
    19, 1988.
    ASTM Method D859-88, Standard Test Method
    for Silica in Water", approved 1988.
    ASTM Method D1067-88B, "Standard Test
    Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity in
    Water", approved 1988).
    ASTM Method D1125-82B, "Standard Test
    Methods for Electrical Conductivity and
    Resistivity of Water", approved October 29,
    1982.
    ASTM Method D1179-72A or B "Standard Test
    Methods for Fluoride in Water", approved
    July 28, 1972, reapproved 1978.
    ASTM Method D1293-84B "Standard Test
    Methods for pH of Water", approved October
    26, 1984.
    ASTM Method D1428-64, "Standard Test

    35
    Methods for Sodium and Potassium in Water
    and Water-Formed Deposits by Flame
    Photometry", approved August 31, 1964,
    reapproved 1977.
    ASTM Method D1688-90A or C, "Standard Test
    Methods for Copper in Water", approved
    1990.
    ASTM Method D1889-88a, "Standard Test
    Method for Turbidity of Water", approved
    June 24, 1988.
    ASTM Method D2036-89A or B, "Standard Test
    Methods for Cyanide in Water", approved
    1989.
    ASTM Method D2459-72, "Standard Test Method
    for Gamma Spectrometry in Water," 1975,
    reapproved 1981, discontinued 1988.
    ASTM Method D2907-83, "Standard Test
    Methods for Microquantities of Uranium in
    Water by Fluorometry", approved May 27,
    1983.
    ASTM Method D2972-88A or B, "Standard Test
    Methods for Arsenic in Water", approved
    1988.
    ASTM Method D3223-86, "Standard Test Method
    for Total Mercury in Water", approved
    February 28, 1986.
    ASTM Method D3559-85D, "Standard Test
    Methods for Lead in Water", approved 1985.
    ASTM Method D3645-84B, "Standard Test
    Methods for Beryllium in Water, Method B--
    Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace",
    approved Jan. 27, 1984.
    ASTM Method D3697-87, "Standard Test Method
    for Antimony in Water", approved 1987.
    ASTM Method D3859-88, "Standard Test
    Methods for Selenium in Water", approved
    June 24, 1988.
    ASTM Method D3867-90, "Standard Test
    Methods for Nitrite-Nitrate in Water",
    approved January 10, 1990.

    36
    ASTM Method 4327-88, "Standard Test Method
    for Anions in Water by Ion Chromatography",
    approved 1988.
    American Waterworks Association et al., 6666
    West Quincy Ave., Denver, CO 80235 (303) 794-
    7711:
    Standard Methods for the Examination of
    Water and Wastewater, 13th Edition, 1971.
    Method 302, Gross Alpha and Gross Beta
    Radioactivity in Water (Total,
    Suspended and Dissolved).
    Method 303, Total Radioactive
    Strontium and Strontium 90 in Water.
    Method 304, Radium in Water by
    Precipitation.
    Method 305, Radium 226 by Radon in
    Water (Soluble, Suspended and Total).
    Method 306, Tritium in Water.
    Standard Methods for the Examination of
    Water and Wastewater, 14th Edition, 1976.
    Method 214A, Turbidity, Nephelometric
    Method -- Nephelometric Turbidity
    Units (for the purposes of Section
    611.560 turbidity only).
    Methods 320 and 320A, Sodium, Flame
    Photometric Method.
    Method 412D, Cyanide, Colorimetric
    Method.
    Standard Methods for the Examination of
    Water and Wastewater, 16th Edition, 1985.
    Method 212, Temperature.
    Method 214A, Turbidity, Nephelometric
    Method -- Nephelometric Turbidity
    Units (for the purposes of Section
    611.631 microbiological only).
    Method 303A, Determination of

    37
    Antimony, etc. by Direct Aspiration
    into an Air-Acetylene Flame.
    Method 303C, Determination of
    Aluminum, etc., by Direct Aspiration
    into a Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene Flame.
    Method 303E, Determination of Arsenic
    and Selenium by Conversion to Their
    Hydrides by Sodium Borohydride Reagent
    and Aspiration into an Atomic
    Absorption Atomizer.
    Method 303F, Determination of Mercury
    by the Cold Vapor Technique.
    Method 304, Determination of Micro
    Quantities of Aluminum, etc. by
    Electrothermal Atomic Absorption
    Spectrometry.
    Method 307A, Arsenic, Atomic
    Absorption Spectrophotometric Method.
    Method 307B, Arsenic, Silver Diethyl-
    dithiocarbamate Method.
    Method 408C, Chlorine (Residual),
    Amperometric Titration Method.
    Method 408D, Chlorine (Residual), DPD
    Ferrous Titrimetric Method.
    Method 408E, Chlorine (Residual), DPD
    Colorimetric Method.
    Method 408F, Chlorine (Residual),
    Leuco Crystal Violet Method.
    Method 410B, Chlorine Dioxide,
    Amperometric Method.
    Method 410C, Chlorine Dioxide, DPD
    Method (Tentative).
    Method 412D, Cyanide, Colorimetric
    Method.
    Method 413A, Fluoride, Preliminary
    Distillation Step.
    Method 413B, Fluoride, Electrode

    38
    Method.
    Method 413C, Fluoride, SPADNS Method.
    Method 413E, Fluoride, Complexone
    Method.
    Method 418C, Nitrogen (Nitrate),
    Cadmium Reduction Method.
    Method 418F, Nitrogen (Nitrate),
    Automated Cadmium Reduction Method.
    Method 423, pH Value.
    Method 907A, Pour Plate Method.
    Method 908, Multiple Tube Fermentation
    Technique for Members of the Coliform
    Group.
    Method 908A, Standard Coliform
    Multiple-Tube (MPN) Tests.
    Method 908B, Application of Tests to
    Routine Examinations.
    Method 908C, Fecal Coliform MPN
    Procedure.
    Method 908D, Estimation of Bacterial
    Density.
    Method 908E, Presence-Absence (P-A)
    Coliform Test (Tentative).
    Method 909, Membrane Filter Technique
    for Members of the Coliform Group.
    Method 909A, Standard Total Coliform
    Membrane Filter Procedure.
    Method 909B, Delayed Incubation Total
    Coliform Procedure.
    Method 909C, Fecal Coliform Membrane
    Filter Procedure.
    Standard Methods for the Examination of
    Water and Wastewater, 17th Edition, 1989.
    Method 2320, Alkalinity.

    39
    Method 2510, Conductivity.
    Method 2550, Temperature.
    Method 3111 B, Metals by Flame Atomic
    Absorption Spectrometry, Direct Air-
    Acetylene Flame Method.
    Method 3111 D, Metals by Flame Atomic
    Absorption Spectrometry, Direct
    Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene Flame Method.
    Method 3112 B, Metals by Cold-Vapor
    Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Cold-
    Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometric
    Method.
    Method 3113, Metals by Electrothermal
    Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.
    Method 3113 B, Metals by
    Electrothermal Atomic Absorption
    Spectrometry, Electrothermal Atomic
    Absorption Spectrometric Method.
    Method 3114 B, Metals by Hydride
    Generation/Atomic Absorption
    Spectrometry, Manual Hydride
    Generation/Atomic Absorption
    Spectrometric Method.
    Method 3120, Metals by Plasma Emission
    Spectroscopy.
    Method 3500-Ca D, Calcium, EDTA
    Titrimetric Method.
    Method 4110, Determination of Anions
    by Ion Chromatography.
    Method 4500-CN D, Cyanide, Titrimetric
    Method.
    Method 4500-CN E, Cyanide,
    Colorimetric Method.
    Method 4500-CN F, Cyanide, Cyanide-
    Selective Electrode Method.
    Method 4500-CN G, Cyanide, Cyanides
    Amenable to Chlorination after

    40
    Distillation.
    Method 4500-H
    +
    , pH Value.
    Method 4500-NO
    3
    -
    E, Nitrogen (Nitrate),
    Cadmium Reduction Method.
    Method 4500-NO
    3
    -
    F, Nitrogen (Nitrate),
    Automated Cadmium Reduction Method.
    Method 4500-O
    3
    , Ozone (Residual),
    Indigo Colorimetric Method (Proposed).
    Method 4500-P F, Phosphorus, Automated
    Ascorbic Acid Reduction Method.
    Method 4500-Si D, Silica, Molybdosili-
    cate Method.
    Method 4500-Si E, Silica, Heteropoly
    Blue Method.
    Method 4500-Si F, Silica, Automated
    method for Molybdate-Reactive Silica.
    Advanced Polymer Systems, 3696 Haven Avenue,
    Redwood City, CA 94063 415/ 366-2626:
    AEPA-1 Polymer. See 40 CFR 141.22(a).
    Also, as referenced in ASTM D1889.
    Environetics, Inc., 21 Business Park Drive,
    Branford, CT 06405 800/321-0207:
    MMO-MUG tests: Colilert P/A or Colilert
    MPN.
    ERDA Health and Safety Laboratory, New York, NY:
    HASL Procedure Manual, HASL 300, 1973. See
    40 CFR 141.25(b)(2).
    Millipore Corporation, Waters Chromatography
    Division, 34 Maple St., Milford, MA 01757
    800/252-4752:
    Waters Test Method for the Determination of
    Nitrite/Nitrate in Water Using Single
    Column Ion Chromatography, Method B-1011.
    NCRP. National Council on Radiation Protection,
    7910 Woodmont Ave., Bethesda, MD (301) 657-

    41
    2652:
    "Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and
    Maximum Permissible Concentrations of
    Radionuclides in Air and in Water for
    Occupational Exposure", NCRP Report Number
    22, June 5, 1959.
    NTIS. National Technical Information Service,
    5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161
    (703) 487-4600 or (800) 336-4700:
    Analytical Method for Determination of
    Asbestos Fibers in Water, EPA-600/4-83-043,
    September, 1983, Doc. No. PB83-260471.
    "Methods of for Chemical Analysis of Water
    and Wastes", J. Kopp and D. McGee, Third
    Edition, March, 1979. EPA-600/4-79-020,
    Doc. No. PB84-297686.
    "Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and
    Wastes", March, 1983, Doc. No. PB84-128677,
    for all methods referenced except methods
    180.1 (turbidity, Section 611.560) and
    273.1 and 273.2 (sodium, Section 611.630).
    "Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and
    Wastes", March, 1979, Doc. No. PB84-128677,
    only for methods 180.1 (turbidity, Section
    611.560) and 273.1 and 273.2 (sodium,
    Section 611.630).
    "Methods for the Determination of Metals in
    Environmental Samples", 1991, Doc. No.
    PB91-231498.
    "Methods for the Determination of Organic
    Compounds in Finished Drinking Water and
    Raw Source Water", EPA/600/4-88/039,
    September, 1986, Doc. No. PB89-220461.
    (For the purposes of Section 611.647 only.)
    "Methods for the Determination of Organic
    Compounds in Drinking Water", EPA/600/4-
    88/039, December, 1988, Doc. Nos. PB89-
    220461PB91-231480 and PB91-146027. (For
    the purposes of Sections 611.646 and
    611.648 only; including Method 515.1,
    revision 5.0 and Method 525.1, revision 3.0
    (May, 1991).)

    42
    "Microbiological Methods for Monitoring the
    Environment: Water and Wastes", R. Bodner
    and J. Winter, 1978. EPA-600/8-78-017,
    Doc. No. PB290-329/LP.
    "Procedures for Radiochemical Analysis of
    Nuclear Reactor Aqueous Solutions", H.L.
    Krieger and S. Gold, EPA-R4-73-014, May,
    1973, Doc. No. PB222-154/7BA.
    ORD Publications, CERI, EPA, Cincinnati, OH
    45268:
    "Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and
    Wastes", March, 1983, (EPA-600/4-79-020),
    for all methods referenced except methods
    180.1 (turbidity, Section 611.560) and
    273.1 and 273.2 (sodium, Section 611.630).
    "Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and
    Wastes", March, 1979, (EPA-600/4-79-020),
    only for methods 180.1 (turbidity, Section
    611.560) and 273.1 and 273.2 (sodium,
    Section 611.630).
    "Methods for the Determination of Organic
    Compounds in Drinking Water", EPA/600/4-
    88/039, December, 1988, Doc. Nos. PB91-
    231480 and PB91-146027. (For the purposes
    of Section 611.646 only.) See NTIS.
    Orion Research, Inc., 529 Main St., Boston, MA
    02129 800/225-1480:
    Orion Guide to Water and Wastewater
    Analysis, Form WeWWG/5880, p. 5.
    Technicon Industrial Systems, Tarrytown, NY
    10591:
    "Fluoride in Water and Wastewater",
    Industrial Method #129-71W, December, 1972
    See 40 CFR 141.23(f)(10), footnotes 6 and
    7.
    "Fluoride in Water and Wastewater", #380-
    75WE, February, 1976. See 40 CFR
    141.23(f)(10), footnotes 6 and 7.
    United States Environmental Protection Agency,
    EMSL, EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268:

    43
    "The Analysis of Trihalomethanes in
    Drinking Waters by the Purge and Trap
    Method", Method 501.1. See 40 CFR 141,
    Subpart C, Appendix C.
    "The Analysis of Trihalomethanes in
    Drinking Water by Liquid/Liquid
    Extraction," Method 501.2. See 40 CFR 141,
    Subpart C, Appendix C.
    "Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission
    Spectrometric Method for Trace Element
    Analysis in Water and Wastes -- Method
    200.7, with Appendix to Method 200.7"
    entitled, "Inductively Coupled Plasma-
    Atomic Emission Analysis of Drinking Water"
    (Appendix 200.7A), March 1987 (EPA/600/4-
    91/010). See 40 CFR 136, Appendix C.
    "Interim Radiochemical Methodology for
    Drinking Water", EPA-600/4-75-008
    (Revised) March, 1976.
    "Methods for the Determination of Organic
    Compounds in Finished Drinking Water and
    Raw Source Water"., September, 1986. (For
    the purposes of Section 611.647 only). See
    NTIS.
    "Methods of for Chemical Analysis of Water
    and Wastes". See NTIS and ORD
    Publications.
    Microbiological Methods for Monitoring the
    Environment, Water and Wastes". See NTIS
    "Procedures for Radiochemical Analysis of
    Nuclear Reactor Aqueous Solutions". See
    NTIS.
    USEPA-OST (United States Environmental
    Protection Agency, Office of Science and
    Technology), P.O Box 1407, Arlington, VA 22313:
    "Tetra- through Octa- Chlorinated Dioxins
    and Furans by Isotope Dilution".
    United States Environmental Protection Agency,
    Science and Technology Branch, Criteria and
    Standards Division, Office of Drinking Water,
    Washington D.C. 20460:

    44
    "Guidance Manual for Compliance with the
    Filtration and Disinfection Requirements
    for Public Water Systems using Surface
    Water Sources", October, 1989.
    USGS. United States Geological Survey, 1961
    Stout St., Denver, CO 80294 303/844-4169:
    Techniques of Water-Resources Investigation
    of the United States Geological Survey:
    Book 5, Chapter A-1, "Methods for
    Determination of Inorganic Substances
    in Water and Fluvial Sediments", 3d
    ed., Open-File Report 85-495, 1989.
    c)
    The Board incorporates the following federal
    regulations by reference:
    40 CFR 136, Appendix B and C (1992).
    40 CFR 141.22(a) (1992).
    40 CFR 141.23(f)(10), footnotes 6 and 7 (1992).
    40 CFR 141.24(e), footnote 6 (1992).
    40 CFR 141.25(b)(2) (1992).
    40 CFR 141, Subpart C, Appendix C (1992).
    40 CFR 142, Subpart G (1992).
    d)
    This Part incorporates no futurelater amendments or
    editions.
    (Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    )
    Section 611.110
    Special Exception Permits
    a)
    Unless otherwise specified, each Agency
    determination in this Part is to be made by way of a
    written permit pursuant to Section 39(a) of the Act.
    Such permit is titled a "special exception" permit
    ("SEP").
    b)
    No person shall cause or allow the violation of any
    condition of a SEP.
    c)
    The supplier may appeal the denial of or the
    conditions of a SEP to the Board pursuant to Section

    45
    40 of the Act.
    d)
    A SEP may be initiated either:
    1)
    By an application filed by the supplier; or
    2)
    By the Agency, when authorized by Board
    regulations.
    BOARD NOTE: The Board does not intend to
    mandate by any provision of this Part that the
    Agency exercise its discretion and initiate a
    SEP pursuant to subsection (d)(2) above.
    Rather, the Board intends to clarify by this
    subsection that the Agency may opt to initiate a
    SEP without receiving a request from the
    supplier.
    e)
    The Agency shall evaluate a request for a SEP from
    the monitoring requirements of Section 611.646(e)
    and (f) (Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs and
    Phase II VOCs), Section 611.646(d), only as to
    initial monitoring for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene,
    Section 611.648(a) (for Phase II, Phase IIB, and
    Phase V SOCs) andor Section 611.510(a) (for
    unregulated organic contaminants) on the basis of
    knowledge of previous use (including transport,
    storage, or disposal) of the contaminant in the
    watershed or zone of influence of the system, as
    determined pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 671:
    1)
    If the Agency determines that there was no prior
    use of the contaminant, it shall grant the SEP,
    or
    2)
    If the contaminant was previously used or the
    previous use was unknown, the Agency shall
    consider the following factors:
    A)
    Previous analytical results;
    B)
    The proximity of the system to any possible
    point source of contamination (including
    spills or leaks at or near a water
    treatment facility; at manufacturing,
    distribution, or storage facilities; from
    hazardous and municipal waste land fills;
    or from waste handling or treatment
    facilities) or non-point source of
    contamination (including the use of
    pesticides and other land application uses
    of the contaminant);

    46
    C)
    The environmental persistence and transport
    of the contaminant;
    D)
    How well the water source is protected
    against contamination, including whether it
    is a SWS or a GWS:
    i)
    A GWS must consider well depth, soil
    type, and well casing integrity, and
    wellhead protection; and
    ii)
    A SWS must consider watershed
    protection; and
    E)
    For Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs
    and unregulated organic contaminants
    (pursuant to Section 611.631 or 611.648):
    i)
    Elevated nitrate levels at the water
    source; and
    ii)
    The use of PCBs in equipment used in
    the production, storage, or
    distribution of water (including
    pumps, transformers, etc.); and
    F)
    For Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs and
    Phase II VOCs (pursuant to Section
    611.646): the number of persons served by
    the PWS and the proximity of a smaller
    system to a larger one.
    f)
    If a supplier refuses to provide any necessary
    additional information requested by the Agency, or
    if a supplier delivers any necessary information
    late in the Agency's deliberations on a request, the
    Agency may deny the requested SEP or grant the SEP
    with conditions within the time allowed by law.
    BOARD NOTE: Subsection (e) above is derived from 40
    CFR 141.24(f)(8) and (h)(6) (1992). Subsection (f)
    above is derived from 40 CFR 141.82(d)(2), and
    141.83(b)(2) (1992). USEPA has reserved the
    discretion, at 40 CFR 142.18 (1992), to review and
    nullify Agency determinations of the types made
    pursuant to Sections 611.510, 611.602, 611.603,
    611.646, and 611.648 and the discretion, at 40 CFR
    141.82(i), 141.83(b)(7), and 142.19 (1992), to
    establish federal standards for any supplier,
    superseding any Agency determination made pursuant
    to Sections 611.352(d). 611.352(f), 611.353(b)(2),

    47
    and 611.353(b)(4).
    (Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    )
    Section 611.130
    Special Requirements for Certain Variances
    and Adjusted Standards
    a)
    Relief from the TTHM MCL.
    1)
    In granting any variance or adjusted standard to
    a supplier that is a CWS that adds a
    disinfectant at any part of treatment and which
    provides water to 10,000 or more persons on a
    regular basis from the maximum contaminant level
    for TTHM listed in Section 611.310(c), the Board
    will require application of the best available
    technology (BAT) identified at subsection (a)(4)
    below for that constituent as a condition to the
    relief, unless the supplier has demonstrated
    through comprehensive engineering assessments
    that application of BAT is not technically
    appropriate and technically feasible for that
    system, or it would only result in a marginal
    reduction in TTHM for that supplier.
    2)
    The Board will require the following as a
    condition for relief from the TTHM MCL where it
    does not require the application of BAT:
    A)
    That the supplier continue to investigate
    the following methods as an alternative
    means of significantly reducing the level
    of TTHM, according to a definite schedule:
    i)
    introduction of off-line water storage
    for THM precursor reduction;
    ii)
    aeration for TTHM reduction, where
    geography and climate allow;
    iii) introduction of clarification, where
    not presently practiced;
    iv)
    use of alternative sources of raw
    water; and
    v)
    use of ozone as an alternative or
    supplemental disinfectant or oxidant,
    and
    B)
    That the supplier report results of that

    48
    investigation to the Agency.
    3)
    The Agency shall petition the Board to
    reconsider or modify a variance or adjusted
    standard, pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code
    101.Subpart K, if it determines that an
    alternative method identified by the supplier
    pursuant to subsection (a)(2) above is
    technically feasible and would result in a
    significant reduction in TTHM.
    4)
    Best available technology for TTHM reduction:
    A)
    use of chloramines as an alternative or
    supplemental disinfectant,
    B)
    use of chlorine dioxide as an alternative
    or supplemental disinfectant, or
    C)
    improved existing clarification for THM
    precursor reduction.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.60
    (1992). The restrictions of this
    subsection do not apply to suppliers
    regulated for TTHM as an additional state
    requirement. See the Board Note to Section
    611.301(c).
    b)
    Relief from the fluoride MCL.
    1)
    In granting any variance or adjusted standard to
    a supplier that is a CWS from the maximum
    contaminant level for fluoride listed in Section
    611.301(b), the Board will require application
    of the best available technology (BAT)
    identified at subsection (b)(4) below for that
    constituent as a condition to the relief, unless
    the supplier has demonstrated through
    comprehensive engineering assessments that
    application of BAT is not technically
    appropriate and technically feasible for that
    supplier.
    2)
    The Board will require the following as a
    condition for relief from the fluoride MCL where
    it does not require the application of BAT:
    A)
    That the supplier continue to investigate
    the following methods as an alternative
    means of significantly reducing the level
    of TTHM, according to a definite schedule:

    49
    i)
    modification of lime softening;
    ii)
    alum coagulation;
    iii) electrodialysis;
    iv)
    anion exchange resins;
    v)
    well field management;
    vi)
    use of alternative sources of raw
    water; and
    vii) regionalization, and
    B)
    That the supplier report results of that
    investigation to the Agency.
    3)
    The Agency shall petition the Board to
    reconsider or modify a variance or adjusted
    standard, pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code
    101.Subpart K, if it determines that an
    alternative method identified by the supplier
    pursuant to subsection (b)(2) above is
    technically feasible and would result in a
    significant reduction in fluoride.
    4)
    Best available technology for fluoride
    reduction:
    A)
    activated alumina absorption centrally
    applied, and
    B)
    reverse osmosis centrally applied.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.61
    (1992).
    c)
    Relief from an inorganic chemical contaminant, VOC,
    or SOC MCL.
    1)
    In granting to a supplier that is a CWS or
    NTNCWS any variance or adjusted standard from
    the maximum contaminant levels for any VOC or
    SOC, listed in Section 611.311(a) or (c), or for
    any inorganic chemical contaminant, listed in
    Section 611.301, the supplier must have first
    applied the best available technology (BAT)
    identified at Section 611.311(b) (VOCs and SOCs)
    or Section 611.301(c) (inorganic chemical
    contaminants) for that constituent, unless the

    50
    supplier has demonstrated through comprehensive
    engineering assessments that application of BAT
    would achieve only a minimal and insignificant
    reduction in the level of contaminant.
    BOARD NOTE: USEPA lists BAT for each SOC and
    VOC at 40 CFR 142.62(a) (1992), as amended at 57
    Fed. Reg. 31848 (July 17, 1992), for the
    purposes of variances and exemptions (adjusted
    standards). That list is identical to the list
    at 40 CFR 141.61(b), with three exceptions: the
    section 142.62 listing adds PTA ("PAT") for
    alachlor; lists OX for hexachlorobenzene,
    instead of GAC; and omits PTA for toxaphene.
    The Board has chosen to use the section
    141.61(a) (Section 611.311) BAT listing because
    we believe USEPA intended consistency and
    because the preamble at 57 Fed. Reg. 31778-79
    indicates that this listing is correct as to
    alachlor and hexachlorobenzene (although the
    preamble at 56 Fed. Reg. 3529 (Jan. 30, 1991)
    indicates that it is wrong as to toxaphene).
    2)
    The Board may require any of the following as a
    condition for relief from a MCL listed in
    Section 611.301 or 611.311:
    A)
    That the supplier continue to investigate
    alternative means of compliance according
    to a definite schedule, and
    B)
    That the supplier report results of that
    investigation to the Agency.
    3)
    The Agency shall petition the Board to
    reconsider or modify a variance or adjusted
    standard, pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code
    101.Subpart K, if it determines that an
    alternative method identified by the supplier
    pursuant to subsection (c)(2) above is
    technically feasible.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.62(a)
    through (e) (1992).
    d)
    Conditions requiring use of bottled water or point-
    of-use or point-of-entry devices. In granting any
    variance or adjusted standard from the maximum
    contaminant levels for organic and inorganic
    chemicals or an adjusted standard from the treatment
    technique for lead and copper, the Board may impose
    certain conditions requiring the use of bottled

    51
    water, point-of-entry devices, or point-of-use
    devices to avoid an unreasonable risk to health,
    limited as provided in subsections (e) and (f)
    below.
    1)
    Relief from an MCL. The Board may, when
    granting any variance or adjusted standard from
    the MCL requirements of Sections 611.301 and
    611.311, impose a condition that requires a
    supplier to use bottled water, point-of-use
    devices, point-of-entry devices or other means
    to avoid an unreasonable risk to health.
    2)
    Relief from corrosion control treatment. The
    Board may, when granting an adjusted standard
    from the corrosion control treatment
    requirements for lead and copper of Sections
    611.351 and 611.352, impose a condition that
    requires a supplier to use bottled water and
    point-of-use devices or other means, but not
    point-of-entry devices, to avoid an unreasonable
    risk to health.
    3)
    Relief from source water treatment or service
    line replacement. The Board may, when granting
    an exemption from the source water treatment and
    lead service line replacement requirements for
    lead and copper under Sections 611.353 or
    611.354, impose a condition that requires a
    supplier to use point-of-entry devices to avoid
    an unreasonable risk to health.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.62(f)
    (1992).
    e)
    Use of bottled water. Suppliers that propose to use
    or use bottled water as a condition for receiving a
    variance or an adjusted standard from the
    requirements of Section 611.301 or Section 611.311,
    or an adjusted standard from the requirements of
    Sections 611.351 through 611.354 must meet the
    requirements of either subsections (e)(1), (e)(2),
    (e)(3), and (e)(6) or (e)(4), (e)(5) and (e)(6)
    below:
    1)
    The supplier must develop a monitoring program
    for Board approval that provides reasonable
    assurances that the bottled water meets all MCLs
    of Sections 611.301 and 611.311 and submit a
    description of this program as part of its
    petition. The proposed program must describe
    how the supplier will comply with each

    52
    requirement of this subsection.
    2)
    The supplier must monitor representative samples
    of the bottled water for all contaminants
    regulated under Sections 611.301 and 611.311
    during the first three-month period that it
    supplies the bottled water to the public, and
    annually thereafter.
    3)
    The supplier shall annually provide the results
    of the monitoring program to the Agency.
    4)
    The supplier must receive a certification from
    the bottled water company as to each of the
    following:
    A)
    that the bottled water supplied has been
    taken from an approved source of bottled
    water, as such is defined in Section
    611.101;
    B)
    that the approved source of bottled water
    has conducted monitoring in accordance with
    21 CFR 129.80(g)(1) through (3);
    C)
    and that the bottled water does not exceed
    any MCLs or quality limits as set out in 21
    CFR 103.35, 110, and 129.
    5)
    The supplier shall provide the certification
    required by subsection (e)(4) above to the
    Agency during the first quarter after it begins
    supplying bottled water and annually thereafter.
    6)
    The supplier shall assure the provision of
    sufficient quantities of bottled water to every
    affected person supplied by the supplier via
    door-to-door bottled water delivery.
    Derived from 40 CFR 142.62(g) (1992).
    f)
    Use of point-of-entry devices. Before the Board
    grants any PWS a variance or adjusted standard from
    any NPDWR that includes a condition requiring the
    use of a point-of-entry device, the supplier must
    demonstrate to the Board each of the following:
    1)
    that the supplier will operate and maintain the
    device;
    2)
    that the device provides health protection
    equivalent to that provided by central

    53
    treatment;
    3)
    that the supplier will maintain the
    microbiological safety of the water at all
    times;
    4)
    that the supplier has established standards for
    performance, conducted a rigorous engineering
    design review, and field tested the device;
    5)
    that the operation and maintenance of the device
    will account for any potential for increased
    concentrations of heterotrophic bacteria
    resulting through the use of activated carbon,
    by backwashing, post-contactor disinfection, and
    heterotrophic plate count monitoring;
    6)
    that buildings connected to the supplier's
    distribution system have sufficient devices
    properly installed, maintained, and monitored to
    assure that all consumers are protected; and
    7)
    that the use of the device will not cause
    increased corrosion of lead and copper bearing
    materials located between the device and the tap
    that could increase contaminant levels at the
    tap.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.62(h)
    (1992).
    (Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    )
    SUBPART B: FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION
    Section 611.240
    Disinfection
    a)
    A supplier that uses a surface water source and does
    not provide filtration treatment shall provide the
    disinfection treatment specified in Section 611.241
    beginning December 30, 1991.
    b)
    A supplier that uses a groundwater source under the
    influence of surface water and does not provide
    filtration treatment shall provide disinfection
    treatment specified in Section 611.241 beginning
    December 30, 1991, or 18 months after the Agency
    determines that the groundwater source is under the
    influence of surface water, whichever is later,
    unless the Agency has determined that filtration is

    54
    required.
    c)
    If the Agency determines that filtration is
    required, the Agency may, by special exception
    permit, require the supplier to comply with interim
    disinfection requirements before filtration is
    installed.
    d)
    A system that uses a surface water source that
    provides filtration treatment shall provide the
    disinfection treatment specified in Section 611.242
    beginning June 29, 1993, or beginning when
    filtration is installed, whichever is later.
    e)
    A system that uses a groundwater source under the
    direct influence of surface water and provides
    filtration treatment shall provide disinfection
    treatment as specified in Section 611.242 by June
    29, 1993 or beginning when filtration is installed,
    whichever is later.
    f)
    Failure to meet any requirement of the following
    Sections after the applicable date specified in this
    Section is a treatment technique violation.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.72 preamble
    (19892), as amended at 54 Fed. Reg. 27526, June 29,
    1989.
    g)
    CWS suppliers using groundwater which is not under
    the direct influence of surface water shall provide
    disinfection pursuant to Section 611.241 or
    611.242chlorinate the water before it enters the
    distribution system, unless the Agency has granted
    the supplier an exemption pursuant to Section 17(b)
    of the Act.
    1)
    All GWS supplies that are required to chlorinate
    pursuant to this Section shall maintain
    residuals of free or combined chlorine at levels
    sufficient to provide adequate protection of
    human health and the ability of the distribution
    system to continue to deliver potable water that
    complies with the requirements of this Part.
    2)
    The Agency may establish procedures and levels
    for chlorination applicable to a GWS using
    groundwater which is not under the direct
    influence of surface water by a SEP pursuant to
    Section 610.110.
    3)
    Those supplies having hand-pumped wells and no

    55
    distribution system are exempted from the
    requirements of this Section.
    BOARD NOTE: This is an additional State
    requirement originally codified at 35 Ill. Adm.
    Code 604.401.
    (Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    )
    SUBPART F: MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS (MCL'S)
    Section 611.300
    Old MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals
    a)
    The old MCLs listed in subsection (b) below for
    inorganic chemicals apply only to CWS suppliers.
    Compliance with old MCLs for inorganic chemicals is
    calculated pursuant to Section 611.612.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.11(a) (1992).
    b)
    The following are the old MCL's for inorganic
    chemicals, with the old MCL for cyanide effective
    only until the revised MCL for cyanide at Section
    611.301(a) becomes effective:
    Contaminant
    Level, mg/L
    Additional
    State
    Requirement
    (*)
    Arsenic
    0.05
    Cyanide
    0.2
    *
    Iron
    1.0
    *
    Manganese
    0.15
    *
    Zinc
    5.
    *
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.11(b) & (c)
    (1992). This provision, which corresponds with
    40 CFR 141.11, was formerly the only listing of
    MCLs for inorganic parameters. However, USEPA
    added another listing of inorganic MCLs at 40
    CFR 141.62 at 56 Fed. Reg. 3594 (Jan. 30, 1991).
    Following the changing USEPA codification
    scheme creates two listings of MCLs: one at
    this Section and one at Section 611.301. This
    causes fluoride to appear in both the 40 CFR
    141.11(b) and 141.62(b) listings with the same
    MCL. The Board has deleted the corresponding
    fluoride MCL from this Section in favor of that
    which appears at Section 611.301(b). USEPA

    56
    adopted a MCL for cyanide at 40 CFR
    141.62(b)(13), effective January 17, 1994, at 57
    Fed. Reg. 31847 (July 17, 1992). That MCL is
    the same as that at this Section. The Board has
    rendered the state MCL at this Section
    ineffective on the date the new federal MCL
    becomes effective.
    c) The secondary old MCL for fluoride is 2.0 mg/L.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.11(c)
    (1992).This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR
    141.11(c), the substance of which the Board has
    codified in subsection (b) above. This statement
    maintains structural parity with the federal rules.
    d)
    Nitrate.
    1)
    The Board incorporates by reference 40 CFR
    141.11(d) (1992). This incorporation includes
    no later editions or amendments.
    2)
    Non-CWSs may exceed the MCL for nitrate to the
    extent authorized by 40 CFR 141.11(d).under the
    following circumstances:
    A)
    The nitrate level must not exceed 20 mg/L,
    B)
    The water must not be available to children
    under six months of age,
    C)
    There will be continuous posting of the
    fact that the nitrate level exceeds 10 mg/L
    together with the public health effects
    information set forth in paragraph (2) of
    Section 611.Appendix A,
    D)
    The supplier will annually notify local
    public health authorities and Public Health
    of the nitrate levels that exceed 10 mg/L,
    and
    E)
    No adverse public health effects result.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.11(d)
    (1992). Public Health regulations may
    impose a nitrate limitation requirement.
    Those regulations are at 77 Ill. Adm. Code
    900.50.
    e)
    The following supplementary condition applies to the
    concentrationMCLs listed in subsection (b) above:

    57
    for Iiron and manganese:
    1)
    CWS suppliers that serve a population of 1000 or
    less, or 300 service connections or less, are
    exempt from the standards for iron and
    manganese.
    2)
    The Agency may, by special exception permit,
    allow iron and manganese in excess of the MCL if
    sequestration tried on an experimental basis
    proves to be effective. If sequestration is not
    effective, positive iron or manganese reduction
    treatment as applicable must be provided.
    Experimental use of a sequestering agent may be
    tried only if approved by special exception
    permit.
    BOARD NOTE: This is an additional State
    requirement.
    (Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    )
    Section 611.301
    Revised MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals
    a)
    This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.62(a),
    reserved by USEPA. This statement maintains
    structural consistency with USEPA rules.
    b)
    The MCLs in the following table apply to CWSs.
    Except for fluoride, the MCLs also apply to NTNCWSs.
    The MCLs for nitrate, nitrite and total nitrate and
    nitrite also apply to transient non-CWSs. The MCLs
    for antimony, beryllium, cyanide, nickel, and
    thallium are effective January 17, 1994.
    Contaminant
    MCL
    Units
    Fluoride 4.0 mg/L
    Antimony
    0.006
    mg/L
    Asbestos
    7
    MFL
    Barium
    2
    mg/L
    Beryllium
    0.004
    mg/L
    Cadmium
    0.005
    mg/L
    Chromium
    0.1
    mg/L
    Cyanide (as free CN
    -
    )
    0.2
    mg/L
    Fluoride
    4.0
    mg/L
    Mercury
    0.002
    mg/L
    Nickel
    0.1
    mg/L
    Nitrate (as N)
    10.
    mg/L
    Nitrite (as N)
    1.
    mg/L
    Total Nitrate and Nitrite10.
    mg/L

    58
    (as N)
    Selenium
    0.05
    mg/L
    Thallium
    0.002
    mg/L
    BOARD NOTE: See the definition of "initial
    compliance period" at Section 611.101. The
    federal secondary MCL for fluoride is 2.0 mg/L.
    The federal regulations require public notice
    when water exceeds this level. See 40 CFR 143.3
    and 143.5 (1992).
    c)
    USEPA has identified the following as BAT for
    achieving compliance with the MCL for the inorganic
    contaminants identified in subsection (b) above,
    except for fluoride:
    Contaminant
    BAT(s)
    Antimony
    C/F
    RO
    Asbestos
    C/F
    DDF
    CC
    Barium
    IX
    LIME
    RO
    ED
    Beryllium
    AA
    C/F
    IX
    LIME
    RO
    Cadmium
    C/F
    IX
    LIME
    RO
    Chromium
    C/F
    IX
    LIME, BAT for Cr(III) only
    RO
    Cyanide
    IX
    RO
    Cl
    2
    Mercury
    C/F, BAT only if influent Hg
    concentrations less than or equal

    59
    to (
    ) 10
    μ
    g/L
    GAC
    LIME, BAT only if influent Hg
    concentrations
    10
    μ
    g/L
    RO, BAT only if influent Hg
    concentrations
    10
    μ
    g/L
    Nickel
    IX
    LIME
    RO
    Nitrate
    IX
    RO
    ED
    Nitrite
    IX
    RO
    Selenium
    AAL
    C/F, BAT for Se(IV) only
    LIME
    RO
    ED
    Thallium
    AAL
    IX
    Abbreviations
    AAL
    Activated alumina
    C/F
    Coagulation/filtration
    DDF
    Direct and diatomite filtration
    GAC
    Granular activated carbon
    IX
    Ion exchange
    LIME Lime softening
    RO
    Reverse osmosis
    CC
    Corrosion control
    ED
    Electrodialysis
    Cl
    2
    Oxidation (chlorine)
    UV
    Ultraviolet irradiation
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.62
    (1992), as amended at 57 Fed. Reg. 31847
    (July 17, 1992).
    (Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    )
    Section 611.310
    Old MCLs for Organic Chemicals
    The following are the MCLs for organic chemicals. The MCLs

    60
    for organic chemicals in subsections (a) and (b) apply to all
    CWSs. Compliance with the MCLs in subsections (a) and (b) is
    calculated pursuant to Section 611.641 et seq. Compliance
    with the MCL for TTHM is calculated pursuant to Subpart P.
    Contaminant
    Level
    Additional
    (mg/L)
    State
    Requirement
    (*)
    a)
    Chlorinated hydrocarbons:
    Aldrin................ 0.001
    *
    DDT................... 0.05
    *
    Dieldrin.............. 0.001
    *
    Endrin................ 0.0002
    Heptachlor............ 0.0001
    *
    Heptachlor epoxide.... 0.0001
    *
    BOARD NOTE: Originally Dderived from 40 CFR
    141.12(a) (1991), USEPA removed the last entry
    in this subsection and marked it reserved at 57
    Fed. Reg. 31838 (July 17, 1992). This
    provision, which corresponds with 40 CFR 141.12,
    was formerly the only listing of MCLs for
    organic parameters. However, USEPA added
    another listing of organic MCLs at 40 CFR 141.61
    (1992), as amended at 567 Fed. Reg. 359331847
    (Jan. 30July 17, 19912). The USEPA codification
    scheme creates two listings of MCLs: the
    counterpart to one of which appears at this
    Section and the other appears at Section
    611.311. This also causes hHeptachlor,
    heptachlor epoxide, and 2,4-D to appear in both
    lists this Section and in Section 611.311, with
    a different MCL in each listSection. The
    heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, and 2,4-D MCLs
    in this listSection are Illinois limitations
    that are more stringent than the federal
    requirements. However, detection of these
    contaminants or violation of their federally-
    derived revised Section 611.311 MCLs imposes
    more stringent monitoring, reporting, and notice
    requirements.
    b)
    Chlorophenoxys:
    2,4-D................. 0.01
    *
    BOARD NOTE: Originally Dderived from 40 CFR
    141.12(b) (1991), USEPA removed the last entry
    in this subsection and marked it reserved at 56

    61
    Fed. Reg. 3578 (Jan. 30, 1991). See the
    preceding Board Note regarding the dual listing
    of MCLs for 2,4-D.
    c)
    TTHM....................... 0.10
    *
    BOARD NOTE: Derived in part from 40 CFR 141.12(c)
    (1992). This is an additional State requirement to
    the extent it applies to supplies other than CWSs
    that add a disinfectant at any part of treatment and
    which provide water to 10,000 or more individuals.
    (Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    )
    Section 611.311
    Revised MCLs for Organic Contaminants
    a)
    Volatile organic chemical contaminants. The
    following MCLs for volatile organic chemical
    contaminants (VOCs) apply to CWS suppliers and
    NTNCWS suppliers. The MCLs for dichloromethane,
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and 1,1,2-trichloroethane
    are effective January 17, 1994.
    CAS No.
    Contaminant
    MCL
    (mg/L)
    71-43-2
    Benzene ....................... 0.005
    56-23-5
    Carbon tetrachloride .......... 0.005
    95-50-1
    o-Dichlorobenzene ............. 0.6
    106-46-7
    p-Dichlorobenzene ............. 0.075
    107-06-2
    1,2-Dichloroethane ............ 0.005
    75-35-4
    1,1-Dichloroethylene .......... 0.007
    156-59-2
    cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene ...... 0.07
    156-60-5
    trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene .... 0.1
    75-09-2
    Dichloromethane (methylene
    chloride)0.005
    78-87-5
    1,2-Dichloropropane ........... 0.005
    100-41-4
    Ethylbenzene .................. 0.7
    108-90-7
    Monochlorobenzene ............. 0.1
    100-42-5
    Styrene ....................... 0.1
    127-18-4
    Tetrachloroethylene ........... 0.005
    108-88-3
    Toluene ....................... 1
    120-82-1
    1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene ........ 0.07
    71-55-6
    1,1,1-Trichloroethane ......... 0.2
    79-00-5
    1,1,2-Trichloroethane ......... 0.005
    79-01-6
    Trichloroethylene ............. 0.005
    75-01-4
    Vinyl chloride ................ 0.002
    1330-20-7 Xylenes (total) .............. 10
    BOARD NOTE: See the definition of "initial
    compliance period" at Section 611.101.

    62
    b)
    USEPA has identified, as indicated below, granular
    activated carbon (GAC), or packed tower aeration
    (PTA), or oxidation (OX) as BAT for achieving
    compliance with the MCLs for volatile organic
    chemical contaminants and synthetic organic chemical
    contaminants in subsections (a) and (c) of this
    Section.
    15972-60-
    8
    Alachlor
    GAC
    116-06-3
    Aldicarb
    GAC
    1646-87-4
    Aldicarb sulfone
    GAC
    1646-87-3
    Aldicarb sulfoxide
    GAC
    1912-24-9
    Atrazine
    GAC
    71-43-2
    Benzene
    GAC, PTA
    50-32-8
    Benzo[a]pyrene
    GAC
    1563-66-2
    Carbofuran
    GAC
    56-23-5
    Carbon tetrachloride
    GAC, PTA
    57-74-9
    Chlordane
    GAC
    94-75-7
    2,4-D
    GAC
    75-99-0
    Dalapon
    GAC
    96-12-8
    Dibromochloropropane
    GAC, PTA
    95-50-1
    o-Dichlorobenzene
    GAC, PTA
    106-46-7
    p-Dichlorobenzene
    GAC, PTA

    63
    107-06-2
    1,2-Dichloroethane
    GAC, PTA
    156-59-2
    cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
    GAC, PTA
    156-60-5
    trans-1,2-Dichoroethylene
    GAC, PTA
    75-35-4
    1,1-Dichloroethylene
    GAC, PTA
    75-09-2
    Dichloromethane
    PTA
    78-87-5
    1,2-Dichloropropane
    GAC, PTA
    103-23-1
    Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
    GAC, PTA
    117-81-7
    Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
    GAC
    88-85-7
    Dinoseb
    GAC
    85-00-7
    Diquat
    GAC
    145-73-3
    Endothall
    GAC
    72-20-8
    Endrin
    GAC
    106-93-4
    Ethylene dibromide (EDB)
    GAC, PTA
    100-41-4
    Ethylbenzene
    GAC, PTA
    1071-53-6
    Glyphosate
    OX
    76-44-8
    Heptachlor
    GAC
    1024-57-3
    Heptachlor epoxide
    GAC
    118-74-1
    Hexachlorobenzene
    GAC
    77-47-3
    Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
    GAC, PTA
    58-89-9
    Lindane
    GAC
    72-43-5
    Methoxychlor
    GAC
    108-90-7
    Monochlorobenzene
    GAC, PTA
    23135-22-
    0
    Oxamyl
    GAC
    87-86-5
    Pentachlorophenol
    GAC
    1918-02-1
    Picloram
    GAC
    1336-36-3
    Polychlorinated biphenyls
    (PCB)
    GAC
    122-34-9
    Simazine
    GAC
    100-42-5
    Styrene
    GAC, PTA
    1746-01-6
    2,3,7,8-TCDD
    GAC
    127-18-4
    Tetrachloroethylene
    GAC, PTA
    108-88-3
    Toluene
    GAC
    8001-35-2
    Toxaphene
    GAC
    120-82-1
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
    GAC, PTA
    71-55-6
    1,1,1-Trichloroethane
    GAC, PTA
    79-00-5
    1,1,2-trichloroethane
    GAC, PTA
    79-01-6
    Trichloroethylene
    GAC, PTA
    108-88-3
    Toluene
    GAC
    8001-35-2
    Toxaphene
    GAC, PTA
    93-72-1
    2,4,5-TP
    GAC
    75-01-4
    Vinyl chloride
    PTA
    1330-20-7
    Xylene
    GAC, PTA
    BOARD NOTE: Examination of the preamble to the
    Phase II amendments, at 56 Fed. Reg. 3529 (Jan.
    30, 1991) indicates that USEPA may not have
    intended the adoption of PTA for BAT for
    toxaphene. The Board included it because that
    is what the federal rule actually indicates.
    See the Board Note to Section 611.130(c)(1).

    64
    c)
    Synthetic organic chemical contaminants. The
    following MCLs for synthetic organic chemical
    contaminants (SOCs) apply to CWS and NTNCWS
    suppliers. The MCLs for benzo[a]pyrene, dalapon,
    di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,
    dinoseb, diquat, endothall, endrin, glyphosate,
    hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene, oxamyl
    (vydate), picloram, simazine, and 2,3,7,8-TCDD
    (dioxin) are effective January 17, 1994.
    CAS
    Number
    Contaminant
    MCL
    (mg/L)
    15972-60-
    8
    Alachlor
    0.002
    116-06-3
    Aldicarb
    0.003
    1646-87-4
    Aldicarb sulfone
    0.002
    1646-87-3
    Aldicarb sulfoxide
    0.004
    1912-24-9
    Atrazine
    0.003
    50-32-8
    Benzo[a]pyrene
    0.0002
    1563-66-2
    Carbofuran
    0.04
    57-74-9
    Chlordane
    0.002
    94-75-7
    2,4-D
    0.07
    75-99-0
    Dalapon
    0.2
    96-12-8
    Dibromochloropropane
    0.0002
    103-23-1
    Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
    0.4
    117-81-7
    Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
    0.006
    88-85-7
    Dinoseb
    0.007
    85-00-7
    Diquat
    0.02
    145-73-3
    Endothall
    0.1
    72-20-8
    Endrin
    0.002
    106-93-4
    Ethylene dibromide
    0.00005
    1071-53-6
    Glyphosate
    0.7
    76-44-8
    Heptachlor
    0.0004
    1024-57-3
    Heptachlor epoxide
    0.0002
    118-74-1
    Hexachlorobenzene
    0.001
    77-47-4
    Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
    0.05
    58-89-9
    Lindane
    0.0002
    72-43-5
    Methoxychlor
    0.04
    23135-22-
    0
    Oxamyl (Vydate)
    0.2
    87-86-5
    Pentachlorophenol
    0.001
    1918-02-1
    Picloram
    0.5
    1336-36-3
    Polychlorinated biphenyls
    (PCBs)
    0.0005
    122-34-9
    Simazine
    0.004
    1746-01-6
    2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin)
    0.0000000
    3
    8001-35-2
    Toxaphene
    0.003
    93-72-1
    2,4,5-TP
    0.05
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.61 (1992),

    65
    as amended at 57 Fed. Reg. 31847 (July 17,
    1992). See the definition of "initial
    compliance period" at Section 611.101. More
    stringent state MCLs for 2,4-D, heptachlor, and
    heptachlor epoxide appear at Section 611.310.
    See the Board Note at that provision. The
    effectiveness of the MCLs for aldicarb, aldicarb
    sulfone, and aldicarb sulfoxide are
    administratively stayed until the Board takes
    further administrative action to end this stay.
    However, suppliers must monitor for these three
    SOCs pursuant to Section 611.648. See 40 CFR
    141.6(g) (1992) and 57 Fed. Reg. 22178 (May 27,
    1992).
    (Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    )
    SUBPART G: LEAD AND COPPER
    Section 611.356
    Tap Water Monitoring for Lead and Copper
    a)
    Sample site location.
    1)
    Selecting a pool of targeted sampling sites.
    A)
    By the applicable date for commencement of
    monitoring under subsection (d)(1) below,
    each supplier shall complete a materials
    evaluation of its distribution system in
    order to identify a pool of targeted
    sampling sites that meets the requirements
    of this Section.
    B)
    The pool of targeted sampling sites must be
    sufficiently large to ensure that the
    supplier can collect the number of lead and
    copper tap samples required by subsection
    (c) below.
    C)
    The supplier shall select the sites for
    collection of first draw samples from this
    pool of targeted sampling sites.
    D)
    The supplier shall not select as sampling
    sites any faucets that have point-of-use or
    point-of-entry treatment devices designed
    to remove or capable of removing inorganic
    contaminants.
    2)
    Materials evaluation.

    66
    A)
    A supplier shall use the information on
    lead, copper, and galvanized steel
    collected pursuant to 40 CFR 141.42(d)
    (special monitoring for corrosivity
    characteristics) when conducting a
    materials evaluation.
    B)
    When an evaluation of the information
    collected pursuant to 40 CFR 141.42(d) is
    insufficient to locate the requisite number
    of lead and copper sampling sites that meet
    the targeting criteria in subsection (a)
    above, the supplier shall review the
    following sources of information in order
    to identify a sufficient number of sampling
    sites:
    i)
    all plumbing codes, permits, and
    records in the files of the building
    department(s) that indicate the
    plumbing materials that are installed
    within publicly- and privately-owned
    structures connected to the
    distribution system;
    ii)
    all inspections and records of the
    distribution system that indicate the
    material composition of the service
    connections which connect a structure
    to the distribution system;
    iii) all existing water quality
    information, which includes the
    results of all prior analyses of the
    system or individual structures
    connected to the system, indicating
    locations that may be particularly
    susceptible to high lead or copper
    concentrations; and
    iv)
    the supplier shall seek to collect
    such information where possible in the
    course of its normal operations (e.g.,
    checking service line materials when
    reading water meters or performing
    maintenance activities).
    3)
    Tiers of sampling sites. Suppliers shall
    categorize the sampling sites within their pool
    according to the following tiers:

    67
    A)
    CWS Tier 1 sampling sites. "CWS Tier 1
    sampling sites" shall include the following
    single-family structures:
    i)
    those that contain copper pipes with
    lead solder installed after 1982 or
    which contain lead pipes; or
    ii)
    those that are served by a lead
    service line.
    BOARD NOTE: This allows the pool of
    CWS tier 1 sampling sites to consist
    exclusively of structures served by
    lead service lines.
    B)
    CWS Tier 2 sampling sites. "CWS Tier 2
    sampling sites" shall include the following
    buildings, including multiple-family
    structures:
    i)
    those that contain copper pipes with
    lead solder installed after 1982 or
    contain lead pipes; or
    ii)
    those that are served by a lead
    service line.
    BOARD NOTE: This allows the pool of
    CWS tier 2 sampling sites to consist
    exclusively of structures served by
    lead service lines.
    C)
    CWS Tier 3 sampling sites. "CWS Tier 3
    sampling sites" shall include the following
    single-family structures: those that
    contain copper pipes with lead solder
    installed before 1983.
    D)
    NTNCWS Tier 1 sampling sites. "NTNCWS Tier
    1 sampling sites" shall include the
    following buildings:
    i)
    those that contain copper pipes with
    lead solder installed after 1982 or
    which contain lead pipes; or
    ii)
    those that are served by a lead
    service line.
    BOARD NOTE: This allows the pool of
    NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites to

    68
    consist exclusively of buildings
    served by lead service lines.
    E)
    Alternative NTNCWS sampling sites.
    "Alternative NTNCWS sampling sites" shall
    include the following buildings: those
    that contain copper pipes with lead solder
    installed before 1983.
    4)
    Selection of sampling sites. Suppliers shall
    select sampling sites for their sampling pool as
    follows:
    A)
    CWS Suppliers. CWS suppliers shall use CWS
    tier 1 sampling sites, except that the
    supplier may include CWS tier 2 or CWS tier
    3 sampling sites in its sampling pool as
    follows:
    i)
    If multiple-family residences comprise
    at least 20 percent of the structures
    served by a supplier, the supplier may
    use CWS tier 2 sampling sites in its
    sampling pool; or
    ii)
    If the CWS supplier has an
    insufficient number of CWS tier 1
    sampling sites on its distribution
    system, the supplier may use CWS tier
    2 sampling sites in its sampling pool;
    or
    iii) If fewer than 20 percent of the
    structures served by the supplier are
    multiple-family residences, and the
    CWS supplier has an insufficient
    number of CWS tier 1 and CWS tier 2
    sampling sites on its distribution
    system, the supplier may complete its
    sampling pool with CWS tier 3 sampling
    sites.
    iv)
    If the supplier has an insufficient
    number of CWS tier 1 sampling sites,
    CWS tier 2 sampling sites, and CWS
    tier 3 sampling sites, the supplier
    shall use those CWS tier 1 sampling
    sites, CWS tier 2 sampling sites, and
    CWS tier 3 sampling sites that it has,
    and the supplier shall randomly select
    an additional pool of representative
    sites on its distribution system for

    69
    the balance of its sampling sites.
    B)
    NTNCWS suppliers.
    i)
    An NTNCWS supplier shall select NTNCWS
    tier 1 sampling sites for its sampling
    pool, except if the NTNCWS supplier
    has an insufficient number of NTNCWS
    tier 1 sampling sites, the supplier
    may complete its sampling pool with
    alternative NTNCWS sampling sites.
    ii)
    If the NTNCWS supplier has an
    insufficient number of NTNCWS tier 1
    sampling sites and NTNCWS alternative
    sampling sites, the supplier shall use
    those NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites and
    NTNCWS alternative sampling sites that
    it has, and the supplier shall
    randomly select an additional pool of
    representative sites on its
    distribution system for the balance of
    its sampling sites.
    C)
    Agency submission by suppliers with an
    insufficient number of CWS or NTNCWS tier 1
    sampling sites.
    i)
    Any CWS or NTNCWS supplier whose
    sampling pool does not include a
    sufficient number of sites to consist
    exclusively of CWS tier 1 sampling
    sites or NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites,
    as appropriate, shall submit a letter
    to the Agency under Section
    611.360(a)(2) that demonstrates why a
    review of the information listed in
    subsection (a)(2) above was inadequate
    to locate a sufficient number of CWS
    tier 1 sampling sites or NTNCWS tier 1
    sampling sites.
    ii)
    Any CWS supplier that wants to include
    CWS tier 3 sampling sites in its
    sampling pool shall demonstrate in a
    letter to the Agency why it was unable
    to locate a sufficient number of CWS
    tier 1 sampling sites and CWS tier 2
    sampling sites.
    iii) If the Agency determines, based on the
    information submitted pursuant to

    70
    subsection (a)(4)(C)(i) or
    (a)(4)(C)(ii) above, that either the
    information was inadequate to locate a
    sufficient number of CWS tier 1
    sampling sites or NTNCWS tier 1
    sampling sites, or that the supplier
    was unable to locate a sufficient
    number of CWS tier 1 sampling sites
    and CWS tier 2 sampling sites, the
    Agency shall issue a SEP to the
    supplier pursuant to Section 611.110
    that allows it to use CWS tier 2
    sampling sites, NTNCWS tier 2 sampling
    sites, or CWS tier 3 sampling sites,
    as appropriate.
    D)
    Suppliers with lead service lines. Any
    supplier whose distribution system contains
    lead service lines shall draw samples
    during each six-month monitoring period
    from sampling sites as follows:
    i)
    50 percent of the samples from
    sampling sites that contain lead pipes
    or from sampling sites that have
    copper pipes with lead solder, and
    ii)
    50 percent of those samples from sites
    served by a lead service line.
    iii) A supplier that cannot identify a
    sufficient number of sampling sites
    served by a lead service line shall
    demonstrate in a letter to the Agency
    under Section 611.360(a)(4) that it
    was unable to locate a sufficient
    number of such sites.
    iv)
    If the Agency determines, based on the
    information submitted pursuant to
    subsection (a)(4)(D)(iii) above, that
    a supplier that cannot identify a
    sufficient number of sampling sites
    served by a lead service line, the
    Agency shall issue a SEP to the
    supplier pursuant to Section 611.110
    that allows it to collect first draw
    samples from all of the sites on its
    distribution system identified as
    being served by such lines.
    BOARD NOTE: This allows the pool of

    71
    sampling sites to consist exclusively
    of structures or buildings served by
    lead service lines.
    b)
    Sample collection methods.
    1)
    All tap samples for lead and copper collected in
    accordance with this Subpart, with the exception
    of lead service line samples collected under
    Section 611.354(c), shall be first-draw samples.
    2)
    First-draw tap samples.
    A)
    Each first-draw tap sample for lead and
    copper shall be one liter in volume and
    have stood motionless in the plumbing
    system of each sampling site for at least
    six hours.
    B)
    First-draw samples from residential housing
    shall be collected from the cold water
    kitchen tap or bathroom sink tap.
    C)
    First-draw samples from a non-residential
    building shall be collected at an interior
    tap from which water is typically drawn for
    consumption.
    D)
    First-draw samples may be collected by the
    supplier or the supplier may allow
    residents to collect first-draw samples
    after instructing the residents of the
    sampling procedures specified in this
    subsection.
    i)
    To avoid problems of residents
    handling nitric acid, acidification of
    first-draw samples may be done up to
    14 days after the sample is collected.
    ii)
    If the first-draw sample is not
    acidified immediately after
    collection, then the sample must stand
    in the original container for at least
    28 hours after acidification.
    E)
    If a supplier allows residents to perform
    sampling under subsection (b)(2)(D) above,
    the supplier may not challenge the accuracy
    of sampling results based on alleged errors
    in sample collection.

    72
    3)
    Service line samples.
    A)
    Each service line sample shall be one liter
    in volume and have stood motionless in the
    lead service line for at least six hours.
    B)
    Lead service line samples shall be
    collected in one of the following three
    ways:
    i)
    at the tap after flushing that volume
    of water calculated as being between
    the tap and the lead service line
    based on the interior diameter and
    length of the pipe between the tap and
    the lead service line;
    ii)
    tapping directly into the lead service
    line; or
    iii) if the sampling site is a single-
    family structure, allowing the water
    to run until there is a significant
    change in temperature that would be
    indicative of water that has been
    standing in the lead service line.
    4)
    Follow-up first-draw tap samples.
    A)
    A supplier shall collect each follow-up
    first-draw tap sample from the same
    sampling site from which it collected the
    previous sample(s).
    B)
    If, for any reason, the supplier cannot
    gain entry to a sampling site in order to
    collect a follow-up tap sample, the
    supplier may collect the follow-up tap
    sample from another sampling site in its
    sampling pool, as long as the new site
    meets the same targeting criteria and is
    within reasonable proximity of the original
    site.
    c)
    Number of samples
    1)
    Suppliers shall collect at least one sample from
    the number of sites listed in the first column
    of Section 611.Table D (labelled "standard
    monitoring") during each six-month monitoring
    period specified in subsection (d) below.

    73
    2)
    A supplier conducting reduced monitoring
    pursuant to subsection (d)(4) below may collect
    one sample from the number of sites specified in
    the second column of Section 611.Table D
    (labelled "reduced monitoring") during each
    reduced monitoring period specified in
    subsection (d)(4) below.
    d)
    Timing of monitoring
    1)
    Initial tap sampling.
    The first six-month monitoring period for small,
    medium-sized and large system suppliers shall
    begin on the dates specified in Section
    611.Table F.
    A)
    All large system suppliers shall monitor
    during each of two consecutive six-month
    periods.
    B)
    All small and medium-sized system suppliers
    shall monitor during each consecutive six-
    month monitoring period until:
    i)
    the supplier exceeds the lead action
    level or the copper action level and
    is therefore required to implement the
    corrosion control treatment
    requirements under Section 611.351, in
    which case the supplier shall continue
    monitoring in accordance with
    subsection (d)(2) below, or
    ii)
    the supplier meets the lead action
    level and the copper action level
    during each of two consecutive six-
    month monitoring periods, in which
    case the supplier may reduce
    monitoring in accordance with
    subsection (d)(4) below.
    2)
    Monitoring after installation of corrosion
    control and source water treatment.
    A)
    Any large system supplier that installs
    optimal corrosion control treatment
    pursuant to Section 611.351(d)(4) shall
    monitor during each of two consecutive six-
    month monitoring periods before the date
    specified in Section 611.351(d)(5).

    74
    B)
    Any small or medium-sized system supplier
    that installs optimal corrosion control
    treatment pursuant to Section 611.351(e)(5)
    shall monitor during each of two
    consecutive six-month monitoring periods
    before the date specified in Section
    611.351(e)(6).
    C)
    Any supplier that installs source water
    treatment pursuant to Section 611.353(a)(3)
    shall monitor during each of two
    consecutive six-month monitoring periods
    before the date specified in Section
    611.353(a)(4).
    3)
    Monitoring after the Agency specification of
    water quality parameter values for optimal
    corrosion control.
    After the Agency specifies the values for water
    quality control parameters pursuant to Section
    611.352(f), the supplier shall monitor during
    each subsequent six-month monitoring period,
    with the first six-month monitoring period to
    begin on the date the Agency specifies the
    optimal values.
    4)
    Reduced monitoring.
    A)
    Reduction to annual for small and medium-
    sized system suppliers meeting the lead and
    copper action levels. A small or medium-
    sized system supplier that meets the lead
    and copper action levels during each of two
    consecutive six-month monitoring periods
    may reduce the number of samples in
    accordance with subsection (c) above, and
    reduce the frequency of sampling to once
    per year.
    B)
    SEP allowing reduction to annual for
    suppliers maintaining water quality control
    parameters.
    i)
    The Agency shall, by a SEP granted
    pursuant to Section 611.110, allow any
    supplier to reduce the frequency of
    monitoring to annual and the number of
    lead and copper samples to that
    specified by subsection (c) above if
    it determines that a supplier has,
    during each of two consecutive six-

    75
    month monitoring periods, maintained
    the range of values for the water
    quality control parameters specified
    pursuant to Section 611.352(f) as
    reflecting optimal corrosion control
    treatment.
    ii)
    Any supplier may request a SEP if it
    concurrently provides the Agency with
    the information necessary to support a
    determination under subsection
    (d)(4)(B)(i) above.
    iii) The Agency shall set forth the basis
    for its determination under subsection
    (d)(4)(B)(i) above.
    iv)
    The Agency shall, by a SEP issued
    pursuant to Section 611.110, review,
    and where appropriate, revise its
    subsection (d)(4)(B)(i) above
    determination when the supplier
    submits new monitoring or treatment
    data, or when other data relevant to
    the number and frequency of tap
    sampling becomes available to the
    Agency.
    C)
    Reduction to triennial for small and
    medium-sized system suppliers.
    i)
    Small and medium-sized system
    suppliers meeting lead and copper
    action levels. A small or medium-
    sized system supplier that meets the
    lead and copper action levels during
    three consecutive years of monitoring
    may reduce the frequency of monitoring
    for lead and copper from annually to
    once every three years.
    ii)
    SEP for suppliers meeting optimal
    corrosion control treatment. The
    Agency shall, by a SEP granted
    pursuant to Section 611.110, allow a
    supplier to reduce its monitoring
    frequency from annual to triennial if
    it determines that the supplier,
    during each of three consecutive years
    of monitoring, has maintained the
    range of values for the water quality
    control parameters specified as

    76
    representing optimal corrosion control
    treatment pursuant to Section
    611.352(f). Any supplier may request
    a SEP if it concurrently provides the
    Agency with the information necessary
    to support a determination under this
    subsection. The Agency shall set
    forth the basis for its determination.
    The Agency shall, by a SEP issued
    pursuant to Section 611.110, review,
    and where appropriate, revise its
    determination when the supplier
    submits new monitoring or treatment
    data, or when other data relevant to
    the number and frequency of tap
    sampling becomes available to the
    Agency.
    D)
    Sampling at a reduced frequency. A
    supplier that reduces the number and
    frequency of sampling shall collect these
    samples from sites included in the pool of
    targeted sampling sites identified in
    subsection (a) above, preferentially
    selecting those sampling sites from the
    higest tier first. Suppliers sampling
    annually or less frequently shall conduct
    the lead and copper tap sampling during the
    months of June, July, August, or September.
    E)
    Resumption of standard monitoring.
    i)
    Small or medium-sized suppliers
    exceeding lead or copper action level.
    A small or medium-sized system
    supplier subject to reduced monitoring
    that exceeds the lead action level or
    the copper action level shall resume
    sampling in accordance subsection
    (d)(3) above and collect the number of
    samples specified for standard
    monitoring under subsection (c) above.
    Such a supplier shall also conduct
    water quality parameter monitoring in
    accordance with Section 611.357 (b),
    (c), or (d) (as appropriate) during
    the six-month monitoring period in
    which it exceeded the action level.
    ii)
    Suppliers failing to operate within
    water quality control parameters. Any
    supplier subject to reduced monitoring

    77
    frequency that fails to operate within
    the range of values for the water
    quality control parameters specified
    pursuant to Section 611.352(f) shall
    resume tap water sampling in
    accordance with subsection (d)(3)
    above and collect the number of
    samples specified for standard
    monitoring under subsection (c) above.
    e)
    Additional monitoring. The results of any
    monitoring conducted in addition to the minimum
    requirements of this section shall be considered by
    the supplier and the Agency in making any
    determinations (i.e., calculating the 90th
    percentile lead action level or the copper level)
    under this Subpart.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.86 (1992).
    (Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    )
    Section 611.359
    Analytical Methods
    a)
    Analyses for lead, copper, pH, conductivity,
    calcium, alkalinity, orthophosphate, silica, and
    temperature shall be conducted using the methods set
    forth in subsection (b) below.
    1)
    Analyses performed for the purposes of
    compliance with this Subpart shall only be
    conducted by laboratories that have been
    certified by USEPA or the Agency. To obtain
    certification to conduct analyses for lead and
    copper, laboratories must:
    A)
    Analyze performance evaluation samples that
    include lead and copper provided by USEPA
    Environmental Monitoring and Support
    Laboratory or equivalent samples provided
    by the Agency; and
    B)
    Achieve quantitative acceptance limits as
    follows:
    i)
    Lead: ±30 percent of the actual amount
    in the performance evaluation sample
    when the actual amount is greater than
    or equal to 0.005 mg/L, and
    ii)
    Copper: ±10 percent of the actual

    78
    amount in the performance evaluation
    sample when the actual amount is
    greater than or equal to 0.050 mg/L;
    iii) Achieve the method detection limits
    (MDLs) defined in Section 611.350(a)
    according to the procedures in 35 Ill.
    Adm. Code 183 and 40 CFR 136, Appendix
    B: "Definition and Procedure for the
    Determination of the Method Detection
    Limit--Revision 1.11"; and
    iv)
    Be currently certified by USEPA or the
    Agency to perform analyses to the
    specifications described in subsection
    (a)(2) below.
    2)
    The Agency shall, by a SEP issued pursuant to
    Section 611.110, allow a supplier to use
    previously collected monitoring data for the
    purposes of monitoring under this Subpart if the
    data were collected and analyzed in accordance
    with the requirements of this Subpart.
    3)
    Reporting lead levels.
    A)
    All lead levels greater than or equal to
    the lead PQL (Pb
    0.005 mg/L) must be
    reported as measured.
    B)
    All lead levels measured less than the PQL
    and greater than the MDL (0.005 mg/L > Pb >
    MDL) must be either reported as measured or
    as one-half the PQL (0.0025 mg/L).
    C)
    All lead levels below the lead MDL (MDL >
    Pb) must be reported as zero.
    4)
    Reporting copper levels.
    A)
    All copper levels greater than or equal to
    the copper PQL (Cu
    0.05 mg/L) must be
    reported as measured.
    B)
    All copper levels measured less than the
    PQL and greater than the MDL (0.05 mg/L >
    Cu > MDL) must be either reported as
    measured or as one-half the PQL (0.025
    mg/L).
    C)
    All copper levels below the copper MDL (MDL

    79
    > Cu) must be reported as zero.
    b)
    Analytical methods.
    1)
    Lead
    A)
    Atomic absorption, furnace technique:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    239.2,
    ii)
    ASTM Methods: Method D3559-85D, or
    iii) Standard Methods: Method 3113;
    B)
    Inductively-coupled plasma, mass
    spectrometry: ICP-MS Method 200.8; or
    C)
    Atomic absorption, platform furnace
    technique: AA-Platform Furnace Method
    200.9.
    D)
    For analyzing lead and copper, the
    technique applicable to total metals must
    be used and sampless cannot be filtered.
    Samples that contain less than 1 NTU and
    which are properly preserved (concentrated
    nitric acid to pH less than 2) may be
    analyzed directly (without digestion) for
    total metals; otherwise digestion is
    required. Turbidity must be measured on
    the preserved samples just prior to when
    metal analysis is initiated. When
    disgestion is required, the "total
    recoverable" technique, as defined in the
    method, must be used.
    2)
    Copper
    A)
    Atomic absorption, furnace technique:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    220.2,
    ii)
    ASTM Methods: Method D1688-90C, or
    iii) Standard Methods: Method 3113;
    B)
    Atomic absorption, direct aspiration:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    220.1,

    80
    ii)
    ASTM Methods: Method D1688-90A, or
    iii) Standard Methods: Method 3111-B;
    C)
    Inductively-coupled plasma:
    i)
    ICP Method 200.7, Rev. 3.2, or
    ii)
    Standard Methods: Method 3120;
    D)
    Inductively-coupled plasma; mass
    spectrometry: ICP-MS Method 200.8; or
    E)
    Atomic absorption; platform furnace
    technique: AA-Platform Furnace Method
    200.9.
    F)
    Subsection (b)(1)(D) above applies to
    analyses for copper.
    3)
    pH: Electrometric:
    A)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method 150.1 or
    150.2,
    B)
    ASTM Methods: Method D1293-84B, or
    C)
    Standard Methods: Method 4500-H
    +
    .
    4)
    Conductivity: Conductance:
    A)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method 120.1,
    B)
    ASTM Methods: Method D1125-82B, or
    C)
    Standard Methods: Method 2510.
    5)
    Calcium:
    A)
    EDTA titrimetric:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    215.2,
    ii)
    ASTM Methods: Method D511-88A, or
    iii) Standard Methods: Method 3500-Ca D;
    B)
    Atomic absorption; direct aspiration:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method

    81
    215.1,
    ii)
    ASTM Methods: Method D511-88B, or
    iii) Standard Methods: Method 3111-B; or
    C)
    Inductively-coupled plasma:
    i)
    ICP Method 200.7, Rev 3.2, or
    ii)
    Standard Methods: Method 3120.
    6)
    Alkalinity:
    A)
    Titrimetric:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    310.1,
    ii)
    ASTM Methods: Method D1067-88B, or
    iii) Standard Methods: Method 2320; or
    B)
    Electrometric titration: USGS Methods:
    Method I-1030-85.
    7)
    Orthophosphate:
    A)
    Unfiltered, no digestion or hydrolysis:
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method 365.1;
    B)
    Colorimetric, automated, ascorbic acid:
    Standard Methods: Method 4500-P F;
    C)
    Colorimetric, ascorbic acid, two reagent;
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    365.3, or
    ii)
    Standard Methods: Method 4500-P E;
    D)
    Colorimetric, ascorbic acid, single
    reagent:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    365.2, or
    ii)
    ASTM Methods: Method D515-88A;
    E)
    Colorimetric, phosphomolybdate, automated-
    segmented flow or automated discrete: USGS
    Methods: Methods I-1601-85, I-2601-85, or

    82
    I-2598-85.
    F)
    Ion Chromatography:
    i)
    Ion Chromatography Method 300.0,
    ii)
    ASTM Methods: Method D4327-88, or
    iii) Standard Methods: Method 4110.
    8)
    Silica:
    A)
    Colorimetric, molybdate blue, automated-
    segmented flow; USGS Methods: Methods I-
    1700-85 or I-2700-85;
    B)
    Colorimetric:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    370.1, or
    ii)
    ASTM Methods: Method D859-88;
    C)
    Molybdosilicate: Standard Methods: Method
    4500-Si-D;
    D)
    Heteropoly blue: Standard Methods: Method
    4500-Si-E;
    E)
    Automated method for molybdate-reactive
    silica: Standard Methods: Method 4500-Si-
    F; or
    F)
    Inductively-coupled plasma:
    i)
    ICP Method 200.7, Rev. 3.2, or
    ii)
    Standard Methods: Method 3120.
    9)
    Temperature: Thermometric: Standard Methods:
    Method 2550.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.89 (1992),
    as amended at 57 Fed. Reg. 31847 (July 17,
    1992).
    (Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    )
    Section 611.360
    Reporting
    A supplier shall report all of the following information to

    83
    the Agency in accordance with this Section.
    a)
    Reporting for tap, lead and copper, and water
    quality parameter monitoring.
    1)
    A supplier shall report the following
    information for all samples within 10 days of
    the end of each applicable sampling period
    specified in Sections 611.356 through 611.358
    (i.e., every six-months, annually, every 3
    years, or every nine years).
    A)
    the results of all tap samples for lead and
    copper, including the location of each site
    and the criteria under Section
    611.356(a)(3) through (7) under which the
    site was selected for the supplier's
    sampling pool;
    B)
    a certification that each first-draw sample
    collected by the supplier was one-liter in
    volume and, to the best of the supplier's
    knowledge, had stood motionless in the
    service line, or in the interior plumbing
    of a sampling site, for at least six hours;
    C)
    where residents collected samples, a
    certification that each tap sample
    collected by the residents was taken after
    the supplier informed them of the proper
    sampling procedures specified in Section
    611.356(b)(2);
    D)
    the 90th percentile lead and copper
    concentrations measured from among all lead
    and copper tap samples collected during
    each sampling period (calculated in
    accordance with Section 611.350(c)(3));
    E)
    with the exception of initial tap sampling
    conducted pursuant to Section
    611.356(d)(1), the supplier shall designate
    any site that was not sampled during
    previous sampling periods, and include an
    explanation of why sampling sites have
    changed;
    F)
    the results of all tap samples for pH, and
    where applicable, alkalinity, calcium,
    conductivity, temperature, and
    orthophosphate or silica collected pursuant
    to Section 611.357(b) through (e);

    84
    G)
    the results of all samples collected at
    entry point(s) for applicable water quality
    parameters pursuant to Section 611.357(b)
    through (e).
    2)
    By the applicable date in Section 611.356(d)(1)
    for commencement of monitoring, each CWS
    supplier that does not complete its targeted
    sampling pool with CWS tier 1 sampling sites
    meeting the requirements of Section
    611.356(a)(4)(A) shall send a letter to the
    Agency justifying its selection of CWS tier 2
    sampling sites or CWS tier 3 sampling sites
    pursuant to Section 611.356 (a)(4)(A)(ii),
    (a)(4)(A)(iii), or (a)(4)(A)(iv).
    3)
    By the applicable date in Section 611.356(d)(1)
    for commencement of monitoring, each NTNCWS
    supplier that does not complete its sampling
    pool with NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites meeting
    the requirements of Section 611.356(a)(4)(B)
    shall send a letter to the Agency justifying its
    selection of alternative NTNCWS sampling sites
    pursuant to that Section.
    4)
    By the applicable date in Section 611.356(d)(1)
    for commencement of monitoring, each supplier
    with lead service lines that is not able to
    locate the number of sites served by such lines
    required by Section 611.356(a)(4)(D) shall send
    a letter to the Agency demonstrating why it was
    unable to locate a sufficient number of such
    sites based upon the information listed in
    Section 611.356(a)(2).
    5)
    Each supplier that requests that the Agency
    grant a SEP that reduces the number and
    frequency of sampling shall provide the
    information required by Section 611.356(d)(4).
    b)
    Reporting for source water monitoring.
    1)
    A supplier shall report the sampling results for
    all source water samples collected in accordance
    with Section 611.358 within 10 days of the end
    of each source water sampling period (i.e.,
    annually, per compliance period, per compliance
    cycle) specified in Section 611.358.
    2)
    With the exception of the first round of source
    water sampling conducted pursuant to Section

    85
    611.358(b), a supplier shall specify any site
    that was not sampled during previous sampling
    periods, and include an explanation of why the
    sampling point has changed.
    c)
    Reporting for corrosion control treatment.
    By the applicable dates under Section 611.351, a
    supplier shall report the following information:
    1)
    for a supplier demonstrating that it has already
    optimized corrosion control, the information
    required by Section 611.352(b)(2) or (b)(3).
    2)
    for a supplier required to optimize corrosion
    control, its recommendation regarding optimal
    corrosion control treatment pursuant to Section
    611.352(a).
    3)
    for a supplier required to evaluate the
    effectiveness of corrosion control treatments
    pursuant to Section 611.352(c), the information
    required by Section 611.352(c).
    4)
    for a supplier required to install optimal
    corrosion control approved by the Agency
    pursuant to Section 611.352(d), a copy of the
    Agency permit letter, which acts as
    certification that the supplier has completed
    installing the permitted treatment.
    d)
    Reporting for source water treatment. On or before
    the applicable dates in Section 611.353, a supplier
    shall provide the following information to the
    Agency:
    1)
    if required by Section 611.353(b)(1), its
    recommendation regarding source water treatment;
    or
    2)
    for suppliers required to install source water
    treatment pursuant to Section 611.353(b)(2), a
    copy of the Agency permit letter, which acts as
    certification that the supplier has completed
    installing the treatment approved by the Agency
    within 24 months after the Agency approved the
    treatment.
    e)
    Reporting for lead service line replacement. A
    supplier shall report the following information to
    the Agency to demonstrate compliance with the
    requirements of Section 611.354:

    86
    1)
    Within 12 months after a supplier exceeds the
    lead action level in sampling referred to in
    Section 611.354(a), the supplier shall report
    each of the following to the Agency in writing:
    A)
    a demonstration that it has conducted a
    materials evaluation, including the
    evaluation required by Section 611.356(a),
    B)
    identify the initial number of lead service
    lines in its distribution system, and
    C)
    provide the Agency with the supplier's
    schedule for annually replacing at least 7
    percent of the initial number of lead
    service lines in its distribution system.
    2)
    Within 12 months after a supplier exceeds the
    lead action level in sampling referred to in
    Section 611.354(a), and every 12 months
    thereafter, the supplier shall demonstrate to
    the Agency in writing that the supplier has
    either:
    A)
    replaced in the previous 12 months at least
    7 percent of the initial number of lead
    service lines in its distribution system
    (or any greater number of lines specified
    by the Agency pursuant to Section
    611.354(f)), or
    B)
    conducted sampling that demonstrates that
    the lead concentration in all service line
    samples from an individual line(s), taken
    pursuant to Section 611.356(b)(3), is less
    than or equal to 0.015 mg/L.
    C)
    Where the supplier makes a demonstration
    under subsection (e)(2)(B) above, the total
    number of lines that the supplier has
    replaced, combined with the total number
    that meet the criteria of Section
    611.354(b), shall equal at least 7 percent
    of the initial number of lead lines
    identified pursuant to subsection (a) above
    (or the percentage specified by the Agency
    pursuant to Section 611.354(f)).
    3)
    The annual letter submitted to the Agency
    pursuant to subsection (e)(2) above shall
    contain the following information:

    87
    A)
    the number of lead service lines originally
    scheduled to be replaced during the
    previous year of the supplier's replacement
    schedule;
    B)
    the number and location of each lead
    service line actually replaced during the
    previous year of the supplier's replacement
    schedule; and
    C)
    if measured, the water lead concentration
    from each lead service line sampled
    pursuant to Section 611.356(b)(3) and the
    location of each lead service line sampled,
    the sampling method used, and the date of
    sampling.
    4)
    As soon as practicable, but no later than three
    months after a supplier exceeds the lead action
    level in the sampling referred to in Section
    611.354(a), any supplier seeking to rebut the
    presumption that it has control over the entire
    lead service line pursuant to Section 611.354(d)
    shall submit a letter to the Agency describing
    the following:
    A)
    the legal authority (e.g., state statutes,
    municipal ordinances, public service
    contracts or other applicable legal
    authority) that limits the supplier's
    control over the service lines; and
    B)
    the extent of the supplier's control over
    the service lines.
    BOARD NOTE: This communication is vital to
    a supplier seeking to replace less than
    entire service lines. Under Section
    611.354(e)(1), a supplier is presumed to
    control the entire service line unless it
    makes an affirmative showing. Under
    Section 611.354(d)(2)(A), a supplier is
    affirmatively required to replace all of
    each service line except as to any
    particular service line for which the
    Agency has made an affirmative
    determination that the supplier does not
    control in its entirety. Under Sections
    611.354(b)(1) and (b)(4), the supplier must
    have completed replacing seven percent of
    the lead service lines within a year of the

    88
    day of the event that triggered the
    requirement. Section 39(a) of the Act
    allows the Agency 90 days to render its
    decision on any permit request. Therefore,
    any supplier that desires an Agency
    determination pursuant to Section
    611.354(e)(2) must submit the required
    infomation within the three month time-
    frame of this subsection.
    f)
    Reporting for public education program.
    1)
    By December 31st of each calendar year, any
    supplier that is subject to the public education
    requirements of Section 611.355 shall submit a
    letter to the Agency demonstrating that the
    supplier has delivered the public education
    materials which meet the following requirements:
    A)
    the content requirements of Section
    611.355(a) and (b), and
    B)
    the delivery requirements of Section
    611.355(c).
    2)
    The information submitted pursuant to this
    subsection shall include a list of all the
    newspapers, radio stations, television stations,
    facilities and organizations to which the
    supplier delivered public education materials
    during the previous year.
    3)
    The supplier shall submit the letter required by
    this subsection annually for as long as it
    continues to exceed the lead action level.
    g)
    Reporting additional monitoring data. Any supplier
    that collects sampling data in addition to that
    required by this Subpart shall report the results of
    that sampling to the Agency on or before the end of
    the applicable sampling period(s) specified by
    Sections 611.356 through 611.358 during which the
    samples are collected.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.90 (1992).
    (Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    )
    SUBPART K: GENERAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

    89
    Section 611.510 Special Monitoring for Unregulated
    Contaminants
    a)
    Monitoring for Phase I unregulated contaminants.
    1)
    All CWS and NTNCWS suppliers shall begin
    monitoring for the contaminants listed in
    subsection (a)(5) no later than the the
    following dates:
    A)
    Less than 3300 persons served: January 1,
    1991.
    B)
    3300 to 10,000 persons served: January 1,
    1989.
    C)
    More than 10,000 persons served: January
    1, 1988.
    2)
    SWS and mixed system suppliers shall sample at
    points in the distribution system representative
    of each water source or at entry points to the
    distribution system after any applicaiton of
    treatment. The minimum number of samples is one
    year of quarterly samples per water source.
    3)
    GWS suppliers shall sample at points of entry to
    the distribution system representative of each
    well after any application of treatment. The
    minimum number of samples is one sample per
    entry point to the distribution system.
    4)
    The Agency may issue a SEP pursuant to Section
    610.110 to require a supplier to use a confirma-
    tion sample for results that it finds dubious
    for whatever reason. The Agency must state its
    reasons for issuing the SEP if the SEP is
    Agency-initiated.
    5)
    List of Phase I unregulated chemical
    contaminants:
    Bromobenzene
    Bromodichloromethane
    Bromoform
    Bromomethane
    Chlorobenzene
    Chlorodibromomethane
    Chloroethane
    Chloroform
    Chloromethane
    o-Chlorotoluene

    90
    p-Chlorotoluene
    m-Dichlorobenzene
    1,1-Dichloroethane
    1,3-Dichloropropane
    2,2-Dichloropropane
    1,1-Dichloropropene
    1,3-Dichloropropene
    1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
    1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
    1,2,3-Trichloropropane
    6)
    This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR
    141.40(f), reserved by USEPA. This statement
    maintains structural consistency with USEPA
    rules.
    7)
    Analyses performed pursuant to subsection (a)
    shall be conducted using the following USEPA
    Organic Methods: 502.1, 503.1, 524.1, 524.2, or
    502.2.
    BOARD NOTE: Subsection (b) derived from 40 CFR
    141.40(a) through (m) (1992), as amended at 57
    Fed. Reg. 31845 (July 17, 1992). The Board
    has adopted no counterpart to 40 CFR 40 CFR
    141.40(h), which the Board has codified at
    subsection (c) below; 141.40(i), which pertains
    to the ability of suppliers to grandfather data
    up until a date long since expired; 141.41(j),
    an optional USEPA provision relating to
    monitoring 15 additional contaminants that USEPA
    does not require for state programs; 141.40(k),
    which pertains to notice to the Agency by
    smaller suppliers up until a date long since
    expired in lieu of sampling; 141.40(l), which
    the Board has adopted at subsection (d) below;
    and 141.40(m), an optional provision that
    pertains to composite sampling. Otherwise, the
    structure of this Section directly corresponds
    with 40 CFR 141.40(a) through (m) (1992)
    b)
    Monitoring for Phase V unregulated contaminants.
    Monitoring of the unregulated inorganic contaminants
    listed in subsection (kb)(11) below and the
    unregulated inorganic contaminants listed in
    subsection (lb)(12) below shall be conducted as
    follows:
    a1)
    Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier shall take four
    consecutive quarterly samples at each sampling
    point for each contaminant listed in subsection
    (kb)(11) below and report the results to the

    91
    Agency. Monitoring must be completed by
    December 31, 1995.
    b2)
    Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier shall take one
    sample at each sampling point for each
    contaminant listed in subsection (kb)(12) below
    and report the results to the Agency.
    Monitoring must be completed by December 31,
    1995.
    c3)
    Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier may apply to the
    Agency for a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110
    that releases it from any of the requirements of
    subsections (ab)(1) and (b)(2) above.
    d4)
    The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to Section
    611.110 as follows:
    1A)
    From any requirement of subsection (ab)(1)
    above based on consideration of the factors
    set forth at Section 611.110(e), and
    2B)
    From any requirement of subsection (b)(2)
    above if previous analytical results
    indicate contamination would not occur,
    provided this data was collected after
    January 1, 1990.
    e5)
    A GWS supplier shall take a minimum of one
    sample at every entry point to the distribution
    system that is representative of each well after
    treatment ("sampling point").
    f6)
    A SWS or mixed system supplier shall take a
    minimum of one sample at points in the
    distribution system that are representative of
    each source or at each entry point to the system
    after treatment ("sampling point").
    g7)
    If the system draws water from more than one
    source and sources are combined before
    distribution, the supplier shall sample at an
    entry point during periods of normal operating
    conditions (when water representative of all
    sources is being used).
    h8)
    The Agency may issue a SEP pursuant to Section
    610.110 to require a supplier to use a confirma-
    tion sample for results that it finds dubious
    for whatever reason. The Agency must state its
    reasons for issuing the SEP if the SEP is
    Agency-initiated.

    92
    i9)
    Suppliers shall take samples at the same
    sampling point unless the Agency has granted a
    SEP allowing another sampling point because
    conditions make another sampling point more
    representative of the water from each source or
    treatment plant.
    BOARD NOTE: Subsection (ib)(9) above
    corresponds with duplicate segments of 40 CFR
    141.40(n)(5) and (n)(6) (19912), which
    correspond with subsections (eb)(5) and (fb)(6)
    above. The Board has adopted no counterpart to
    40 CFR 141.40(n)(9), an optional provision that
    pertains to composite sampling. Otherwise, the
    structure of this Section directly corresponds
    with 40 CFR 141.40(n) (19912).
    j10) Instead of performing the monitoring required by
    this Ssubsection, a CWS and NTNCWS supplier
    serving fewer than 150 service connections may
    send a letter to the Agency stating that the PWS
    is available for sampling. This letter must be
    sent to the Agency by January 1, 1994. The
    supplier shall not send such samples to the
    Agency, unless requested to do so by the Agency.
    k11) List of Phase V unregulated organic contaminants
    with methods required for analysis:
    Contaminant
    USEPA Organic
    Methods

    93
    Aldrin
    505, 508, 525
    Benzo(a)pyrene
    525, 550, 550.1
    Butachlor
    507, 525
    Carbaryl
    531.1
    Dalapon
    515.1
    Di(2-ethylhexyl)-
    adipate
    506, 525
    Di(2-ethylhexyl)-
    phthalates
    506, 525
    Dicamba
    515.1
    Dieldrin
    505, 508, 525
    Dinoseb
    515.1
    Diquat
    549
    Endothall
    548
    Glyphosate
    547
    Hexachlorobenzene
    505, 508, 525
    Hexachlorocyclo-
    pentadiene
    505, 525
    3-Hydroxycarbofuran
    531.1
    Methomyl
    531.1
    Metolachlor
    507, 525
    Metribuzin
    507, 508, 525
    Oxamyl (vydate)
    531.1
    Picloram
    515.1
    Propachlor
    507, 525
    Simazine
    505, 507, 525
    2,3,7,8-TCDD
    (Dioxin)
    513
    l12) List of unregulated inorganic contaminants:
    Contaminant
    USEPA Inorganic Methods
    Antimony Graphite Furnace Atomic
    Absorption; Inductively
    Coupled Plasma
    Beryllium Graphite Furnace Atomic
    Absorption; Inductively
    Coupled Mass Spectrometry
    Plasma; Spectrophotometric
    Nickel Atomic Absorption;
    Inductively Coupled Plasma;
    Graphite Furnace Atomic
    Absorption
    Sulfate
    Colorimetric
    Thallium Graphite Furnace Atomic
    Absorption; Inductively
    Coupled Mass Spectrometry
    Plasma
    Cyanide Spectrophotometric
    BOARD NOTE: DSubsection (b) derived from

    94
    40 CFR 141.40(n) (19912), as amended at 57
    Fed. Reg. 31846 (July 17, 1992).
    c)
    Analyses performed pursuant to this Section must be
    conducted by a laboratory approved pursuant to
    Section 611.646(q).
    BOARD NOTE: Subsection (c) derived from 40 CFR
    141.40 (h) (1992), as amended at 57 Fed. Reg. 31846
    (July 17, 1992).
    d)
    All CWS and NTNCWS suppliers shall repeat the
    monitoring required by this Section no less
    frequently than every five years, starting from the
    dates specified in subsections (a)(1) and (b)(2)
    above.
    BOARD NOTE: Subsection (d) derived from 40 CFR
    141.40 (l) (1992).
    (Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    )
    SUBPART N: INORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
    Section 611.600
    Applicability
    The following types of suppliers shall conduct monitoring to
    determine compliance with the old MCLs in Section 611.300 and
    the revised MCLs in 611.301, as appropriate, in accordance
    with this Subpart:
    a)
    CWS suppliers.
    b)
    NTNCWS suppliers.
    c)
    Transient non-CWS suppliers to determine compliance
    with the nitrate and nitrite MCLs.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23 (preamble)
    (1991).
    d)
    Detection limits. The following are detection
    limits for purposes of this Subpart (MCLs from
    Section 611.301 are set forth for information
    purposes only):
    Contaminant
    MCL
    (mg/L,
    except
    Method
    Detec-
    tion
    Limit
    (mg/L)

    95
    asbestos)
    Antimony
    0.006
    Atomic absorption-
    furnace technique
    0.003
    Atomic absorption-
    furnace technique
    (stabilized
    temperature)
    0.0008
    Inductively-coupled
    plasma-Mass spectro-
    metry
    0.0004
    Atomic absorption-
    gaseous hydride tech-
    nique
    0.001
    Asbestos
    7 MFL
    Transmission Eelectron
    Mmicroscopy
    0.01
    MFL
    Barium
    2
    Atomic Aabsorption;-
    furnace technique
    0.002
    Atomic Aabsorption;-
    direct aspiration
    technique
    0.1
    Inductively C-coupled
    Pplasma arc furnace
    0.002
    Inductively C-coupled
    Pplasma; U(using
    concentration
    technique in Section
    611.Aappendix 200.7A
    to USEPA Inorganic
    Method 200.7).
    0.001
    Beryllium
    0.004
    Atomic absorption-
    furnace technique
    0.0002
    Atomic absorption-
    furnace technique
    (stabilized temper-
    ature)
    0.0000
    2
    Inductively-coupled
    plasma (using a 2x
    preconcentration step;
    a lower MDL is
    possible using 4x
    0.0003

    96
    preconcentration)
    Inductively-coupled
    plasma-Mass spectro-
    metry
    0.0003
    Cadmium
    0.005
    Atomic Aabsorption;-
    furnace technique
    0.0001
    Inductively C-coupled
    Pplasma; U(using
    concentration
    technique in Aappendix
    200.7A to USEPA
    Inorganic Method
    200.7).
    0.001
    Chromium
    0.1
    Atomic Aabsorption;-
    furnace technique
    0.001
    Inductively C-coupled
    Pplasma
    0.007
    Inductively C-coupled
    Pplasma; U(using
    concentration
    technique in Appendix
    A to USEPA Inorganic
    Method 200.7).
    0.001
    Cyanide
    0.2
    Distillation,
    spectrophotometric
    (screening method for
    total cyanides)
    0.02
    Automated
    distillation,
    spectrophotometric
    (screening method for
    total cyanides)
    0.005
    Distillation,
    selective electrode
    (screening method for
    total cyanides)
    0.05
    Distillation,
    amenable,
    spectrophotometric
    (for free cyanides)
    0.02
    Mercury
    0.002
    Manual Ccold Vvapor
    0.0002

    97
    Ttechnique
    Automated Ccold Vvapor
    Ttechnique
    0.0002
    Nickel
    0.1
    Atomic absorption-
    furnace technique
    0.001
    Atomic absorption-
    furnace technique
    (stabilized temper-
    ature)
    0.0006
    Inductively-coupled
    plasma (using a 2x
    preconcentration step;
    a lower MDL is
    possible using 4x
    preconcentration)
    0.005
    Inductively-coupled
    plasma-Mass spectro-
    metry
    0.0005
    Nitrate (as
    N)
    10
    Manual Ccadmium
    Rreduction
    0.01
    Automated Hhydrazine
    Rreduction
    0.01
    Automated Ccadmium
    Rreduction
    0.05
    Ion S-selective
    Eelectrode
    1
    Ion Cchromatography
    0.01
    Nitrite (as
    N)
    1
    Spectrophotometric
    0.01
    Automated Ccadmium
    Rreduction
    0.05
    Manual Ccadmium
    Rreduction
    0.01
    Ion Cchromatography
    0.004
    Selenium
    0.05
    Atomic Aabsorption;-
    furnace technique
    0.002

    98
    Atomic Aabsorption;-
    gaseous hydride tech-
    nique
    0.002
    Thallium
    0.002
    Atomic absorption-
    furnace technique
    0.001
    Atomic absorption-
    furnace technique
    (stabilized temper-
    ature)
    0.0007
    Inductively-coupled
    plasma-Mass spectro-
    metry
    0.0003
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23 preamble and
    paragraph (a)(4)(i) (1991), as amended at 57 Fed.
    Reg. 31838-39 (July 17, 1992).
    (Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    )
    Section 611.601
    Monitoring Frequency
    Monitoring shall be conducted as follows:
    a)
    Required sampling.
    1)
    Each supplier shall take a minimum of one sample
    at each sampling point at the times required by
    Section 611.610 beginning January 1, 1993in the
    initial compliance period.
    2)
    Each sampling point must produce samples that
    are representative of the water from each source
    after treatment or from each treatment plant, as
    required by subsection (b) below. The total
    number of sampling points must be representative
    of the water delivered to users throughout the
    PWS.
    3)
    The supplier shall take each sample at the same
    sampling point unless conditions make another
    sampling point more representative of each
    source or treatment plant and the Agency has
    granted a SEP pursuant to subsection (b)(5)
    below.
    b)
    Sampling points.
    1)
    Sampling points for GWSs. Unless otherwise

    99
    provided by SEP, a GWS supplier shall take at
    least one sample from each of the following
    points: each entry point that is representative
    of each well after treatment.
    2)
    Sampling points for SWSs and mixed systems.
    Unless otherwise provided by SEP, a SWS or mixed
    system supplier shall take at least one sample
    from each of the following points:
    A)
    Each entry point after the application of
    treatment; or
    B)
    A point in the distribution system that is
    representative of each source after
    treatment.
    3)
    If a system draws water from more than one
    source, and the sources are combined before
    distribution, the supplier shall sample at an
    entry point during periods of normal operating
    conditions when water is representative of all
    sources being used.
    4)
    Additional sampling points. The Agency shall,
    by SEP, designate additional sampling points in
    the distribution system or at the consumer's tap
    if it determines that such samples are necessary
    to more accurately determine consumer exposure.
    5)
    Alternative sampling points. The Agency shall,
    by SEP, approve alternate sampling points if the
    supplier demonstrates that the points are more
    representative than the generally required
    point.
    c)
    This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR
    141.23(a)(4), an optional USEPA provision relating
    to compositing of samples that USEPA does not
    require for state programs. This statement
    maintains structural consistency with USEPA rules.
    d)
    The frequency of monitoring for the following
    contaminants must be in accordance with the
    following Sections:
    1)
    Asbestos: Section 611.602;
    2)
    Antimony, Bbarium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium,
    cyanide, fluoride, mercury andnickel, selenium,
    and thallium: Section 611.603;

    100
    3)
    Nitrate: Section 611.604; and
    4)
    Nitrite: Section 611.605.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(a)
    (1991) and 40 CFR 141.23(c), as amended at 57
    Fed. Reg. 31839 (July 17, 1992).
    (Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    )
    Section 611.603
    Inorganic Monitoring Frequency
    The frequency of monitoring conducted to determine compliance
    with the revised MCLs in Section 611.301 for antimony, barium,
    beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide, fluoride, mercury,
    andnickel, selenium, and thallium is as follows:
    a)
    Suppliers shall take samples at each sampling point,
    beginning January 1, 1993in the initial compliance
    period, as follows:
    1)
    For GWSs: at least one sample during each
    compliance periodevery three years;
    2)
    For SWSs and mixed systems: at least one sample
    each year.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(c)(1)
    (1991), as amended at 57 Fed. Reg. 31839 (July
    17, 1992).
    b)
    SEP Application. The supplier may apply to the
    Agency for a SEP that allows reduction from the
    monitoring frequencies specified in subsection (a)
    above pursuant to subsections (d) through (f) below
    and Section 611.110.
    BOARD NOTE: Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(c)(2) and
    (c)(6) (1991).
    c)
    SEP Procedures. The Agency shall review the request
    pursuant to the SEP procedures of Section 611.110
    based on consideration of the factors in subsection
    (e) below.
    BOARD NOTE: Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(c)(6) (1991).
    d)
    Standard for SEP reduction in monitoring. The
    Agency shall grant a SEP that allows a reduction in
    the monitoring frequency if the supplier
    demonstrates that all previous analytical results

    101
    were less than the MCL, provided the supplier meets
    the following minimum data requirements:
    1)
    For GWS suppliers: a minimum of three rounds of
    monitoring.
    2)
    For SWS and mixed system suppliers: annual
    monitoring for at least three years.
    3)
    At least one sample must have been taken since
    January 1, 1990.
    BOARD NOTE: Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(c)(4)
    (1991).
    e)
    Standard for SEP monitoring conditions. As a
    condition of any SEP, the Agency shall require that
    the supplier take a minimum of one sample during the
    term of the SEP. In determining the appropriate
    reduced monitoring frequency, the Agency shall
    consider:
    1)
    Reported concentrations from all previous
    monitoring;
    2)
    The degree of variation in reported
    concentrations; and
    3)
    Other factors may affect contaminant
    concentrations, such as changes in groundwater
    pumping rates, changes in the CWSs
    configuration, the CWS's operating procedures,
    or changes in stream flows or characteristics.
    BOARD NOTE: Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(c)(3) and
    (c)(5) (1991).
    f)
    SEP Conditions and Revision.
    1)
    A SEP will expire at the end of the compliance
    cycle for which it was issued.
    BOARD NOTE: Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(c)(3)
    (1991).
    2)
    In issuing a SEP, the Agency shall specify the
    level of the contaminant upon which the
    "reliably and consistently" determination was
    based. A SEP must provide that the Agency will
    review and, where appropriate, revise its
    determination of the appropriate monitoring
    frequency when the supplier submits new

    102
    monitoring data or when other data relevant to
    the supplier's appropriate monitoring frequency
    become available.
    BOARD NOTE: Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(c)(6)
    (1991).
    g)
    A supplier that exceeds the MCL for barium, cadmium,
    chromium, fluoride, mercury, or selenium, as
    determined in Section 611.609, shall monitor
    quarterly for that contaminant, beginning in the
    next quarter after the violation occurred.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(c)(7)
    (1991).
    h)
    Reduction of quarterly monitoring.
    1)
    The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to Section
    611.110 that reduces the monitoring frequency to
    that specified by subsection (a) above if it
    determines that the sampling point is reliably
    and consistently below the MCL.
    2)
    A request for a SEP must include the following
    minimal information:
    A)
    For a GWS: two quarterly samples.
    B)
    For an SWS or mixed system: four quarterly
    samples.
    3)
    In issuing the SEP, the Agency shall specify the
    level of the contaminant upon which the
    "reliably and consistently" determination was
    based. All SEPs that allow less frequent
    monitoring based on an Agency "reliably and
    consistently" determination shall include a
    condition requiring the supplier to resume
    quarterly monitoring for any contaminant
    pursuant to subsection (g) above if it violates
    the MCL specified by Section 611.609 for that
    contaminant.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(c)(8)
    (1991).
    (Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    )
    Section 611.609
    Averaging

    103
    Compliance with the MCLs of Sections 611.300 or 611.301 (as
    appropriate) must be determined based on the analytical
    result(s) obtained at each sampling point.
    a)
    For suppliers that monitor at a frequency greater
    than annual, compliance with the MCLs for antimony,
    asbestos, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium,
    cyanide, fluoride, mercury, andnickel, selenium, and
    thallium is determined by a running annual average
    at each sampling point.
    1)
    If the average at any sampling point is greater
    than the MCL, then the supplier is out of
    compliance.
    2)
    If any one sample would cause the annual average
    to be exceeded, then the supplier is out of
    compliance immediately.
    3)
    Any sample below the method detection limit must
    be calculated at zero for the purpose of
    determining the annual average.
    BOARD NOTE: The "method detection limit" is
    different from the "detection limit", as set
    forth in Section 611.600. The "method detection
    limit" is the level of contaminant that can be
    determined by a particular method with a 95
    percent degree of confidence, as determined by
    the method outlined in 40 CFR 136, appendix B,
    incorporated by reference at Section 611.102.
    b)
    For suppliers that monitor annually or less
    frequently, compliance with the MCLs for antimony,
    asbestos, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium,
    cyanide, fluoride, mercury, andnickel, selenium, and
    thallium is determined by the level of the
    contaminant at any sampling point. If a
    confirmation sample is taken, the determination of
    compliance will be based on the average of the two
    samples.
    c)
    Compliance with the MCLs for nitrate and nitrite is
    determined based on one sample if the levels of
    these contaminants are below the MCLs. If the levels
    of nitrate or nitrite exceed the MCLs in the initial
    sample, Section 611.606 requires confirmation
    sampling, and compliance is determined based on the
    average of the initial and confirmation samples.
    d)
    When the portion of the distribution system that is
    out of compliance is separable from other parts of

    104
    the distribution system and has no interconnections,
    the supplier may give the public notice required by
    Subpart T only to persons served by that portion of
    the distribution system not in compliance.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(i) (1991),
    as amended at 57 Fed. Reg. 31839 (July 17, 1992).
    (Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    )
    Section 611.611
    Inorganic Analysis
    Analytical methods are from documents incorporated by
    reference in Section 611.102. These are mostly referenced by
    a short name defined by Section 611.102(a). Other
    abbreviations are defined in Section 611.101.
    a)
    Analysis for antimony, asbestos, beryllium, barium,
    cadmium, chromium, cyanide, mercury, nickel,
    nitrate, nitrite, and selenium, and thallium
    pursuant to Sections 611.600 through 611.604 must be
    conducted using the following methods. For approved
    analytical techniques for metals and selenium, the
    technique applicable to total metals must be used.
    For methods marked with an asterisk (*), the
    procedure of subsection (f) below must be used for
    preservation, measurement of turbidity, and
    digestion.
    1)
    Antimony:
    A)
    Atomic absorption, furnace technique*:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    204.2, or
    ii)
    Standard Methods: Method 3113;
    B)
    Atomic absorption, platform furnace
    technique*: USEPA Environmental Metals
    Methods: Method 220.9;
    C)
    Inductively-coupled plasma-Mass
    spectrometry*: USEPA Environmental Metals
    Methods: Method 200.8; or
    D)
    Atomic absorption, gaseous hydride
    technique, using the digestion technique
    set forth in the method: ASTM Method
    D3697-87.

    105
    12)
    Asbestos: Transmission electron microscopy,:
    USEPA Asbestos Methods.
    23)
    Barium:
    A)
    Atomic absorption, furnace technique*:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    208.2, or
    ii)
    Standard Methods: Method 3043113B;
    B)
    Atomic absorption, direct aspiration
    technique*:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    208.1, or
    ii)
    Standard Methods: Method 303C3111D;
    or
    C)
    Inductively-coupled plasma arc furnace,*:
    i)
    Inductively Coupled Plasma MethodUSEPA
    Environmental Metals Methods Method
    200.7., as supplemented by Method
    200.7A, or
    ii)
    Standard Methods: Method 3120.
    4)
    Beryllium:
    A)
    Atomic absorption, furnace technique*:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    210.2,
    ii)
    ASTM Method D3645-84B, or
    iii) Standard Methods: Method 3113;
    B)
    Atomic absorption, platform furnace
    technique*: USEPA Environmental Metals
    Methods: Method 200.9;
    C)
    Inductively-coupled plasma arc furnace*:
    i)
    USEPA Environmental Metals Methods:
    Method 200.7, or
    ii)
    Standard Methods: Method 3120; or

    106
    D)
    Inductively-coupled plasma-Mass
    spectrometry*: USEPA Environmental Metals
    Methods: Method 200.8.
    35)
    Cadmium:
    A)
    Atomic absorption, furnace technique*:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    213.2, or
    ii)
    Standard Methods: Method 3043113B; or
    B)
    Inductively-coupled plasma arc furnace,*:
    Inductively Coupled Plasma MethodUSEPA
    Environmental Metals Methods*, Method
    200.7, as supplemented by Method 200.7A.
    46)
    Chromium:
    A)
    Atomic absorption, furnace technique*:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    218.2, or
    ii)
    Standard Methods: Method 304 (The
    addition of 1 mL of 30% hydrogen
    peroxide to each 100 mL of standards
    and samples is required before
    analysis.)3113B; or
    B)
    Inductively-coupled plasma arc furnace,*:
    i)
    Inductively Coupled Plasma MethodUSEPA
    Environmental Metals Methods: Method
    200.7., as supplemented by Method
    200.7A, or
    ii)
    Standard Methods: Method 3120.
    7)
    Cyanide:
    A)
    Distillation, spectrophotometric:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    335.2,
    ii)
    ASTM Method D2036-89A,
    iii) Standard Methods: Method 4500-CN D,
    or

    107
    iv)
    USGS Methods: Method I-3300-85;
    B)
    Automated distillation, spectrophotometric:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    335.3, or
    ii)
    Standard Methods: Method 4500-CN E;
    C)
    Distillation, selective electrode:
    i)
    ASTM Method D2036-89A, or
    ii)
    Standard Methods: Method 4500-CN F;
    or
    D)
    Distillation, amenable, spectrophotometric:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    335.1,
    ii)
    ASTM Method D2036-89B, or
    iii) Standard Methods: Method 4500-CN G.
    58)
    Mercury:
    A)
    Manual cold vapor technique, using the
    digestion technique set forth in the
    method:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    245.1,
    ii)
    ASTM D3223-86, or
    iii) Standard Methods: Method 303F3112B;
    or
    B)
    Automated cold vapor technique, using the
    digestion technique set forth in the
    method: USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    245.2.
    9)
    Nickel:
    A)
    Atomic absorption, furnace technique*:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    249.2, or
    ii)
    Standard Methods: Method 3113;

    108
    B)
    Atomic absorption, platform furnace
    technique*: USEPA Environmental Metals
    Methods: Method 200.9;
    C)
    Atomic absorption, direct aspiration
    technique*:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    249.1, or
    ii)
    Standard Methods: Method 3111B;
    D)
    Inductively-coupled plasma*:
    i)
    USEPA Environmental Metals Methods:
    Method 200.7, or
    ii)
    Standard Methods: Method 3120; or
    E)
    Inductively-coupled plasma-Mass
    spectrometry*: USEPA Environmental Metals
    Methods: Method 200.8.
    610) Nitrate:
    A)
    Manual cadmium reduction:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    353.3,
    ii)
    ASTM D3867-90, or
    iii) Standard Methods: Method 418C4500-NO
    3
    E;
    B)
    Automated hydrazine reduction: USEPA
    Inorganic Methods: Method 353.1;
    C)
    Automated cadmium reduction:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    353.2,
    ii)
    ASTM D3867-90, or
    iii) Standard Methods: Method 418C4500-NO
    3
    F;
    D)
    Ion selective electrode: WeWWG/5880,
    available from Orion Research; or

    109
    E)
    Ion chromatography:
    i)
    USEPA InorganicIon Chromatography
    Methods: Method 300.0, or
    ii)
    B-1011, available from Millipore
    Corporation.
    711) Nitrite:
    A)
    Spectrophotometric: USEPA Inorganic
    Methods: Method 354.1;
    B)
    Automated cadmium reduction:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    353.2,
    ii)
    ASTM D3867-90, or
    iii) Standard Methods: Method 418C4500-NO
    3
    F;
    C)
    Manual cadmium reduction:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    353.3,
    ii)
    ASTM D3867-90, or
    iii) Standard Methods: Method 418C4500-NO
    3
    E.
    D)
    Ion chromatography:
    i)
    USEPA InorganicIon Chromatography
    Methods: Method 300.0, or
    ii)
    Method B-1011, available from
    Millipore Corporation.
    812) Selenium:
    A)
    Atomic absorption, gaseous hydride, using
    the digestion technique set forth in the
    method:
    i)
    ASTM D3859-884A, or
    ii)
    Standard Methods: Method 3114B; or
    B)
    Atomic absorption, graphite furnace

    110
    technique*, adding 2mL of 30% hydrogen
    peroxide (H
    2
    O
    2
    ) and an appropriate
    concentration of nickel nitrate hexahydrate
    (NiNO
    2
    ∙6H
    2
    O) to the samples as a matrix
    modifier:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods*: Method
    270.2,
    ii)
    ASTM D3859-88B, or
    iii) Standard Methods: Method 3043113B
    (Prior to dilution of the selenium
    calibration standard, add 2 mL of 30%
    hydrogen peroxide for each 100 mL of
    standard.).
    13)
    Thallium:
    A)
    Atomic absorption, furnace technique, using
    the digestion technique set forth in the
    method*:
    i)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
    279.2, or
    ii)
    Standard Methods: Method 3113;
    B)
    Atomic absorption platform furnace
    technique, using the digestion technique
    set forth in the method: USEPA
    Environmental Metals Methods*: Method
    200.9; or
    C)
    Inductively-coupled plasma-Mass
    spectrometry: USEPA Environmental Metals
    Methods: Method 200.8.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR
    141.23(k)(1) (1992) and 40 CFR 141.23
    (k)(4), as added at 57 Fed. Reg. 31839-40
    (July 17, 1992). In promulgating the Phase
    V rules, USEPA creates a new table of
    analytical methods at 40 CFR 141.23(k)(4)
    that would duplicate the methods set forth
    at 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1) except that USEPA
    updated and revised several of the methods.
    The Board has combined the two federal
    tables, using the version of each method
    set forth in the Phase V rules where the
    methods set forth conflict.

    111
    b)
    Arsenic. Analyses for arsenic must be conducted
    using one of the following methods:
    1)
    Atomic absorption, furnace technique: USEPA
    Inorganic Methods: Method 206.2;
    2)
    Atomic absorption, gaseous hydride:
    A)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method 206.3,
    B)
    ASTM D2972-88B,
    C)
    Standard Methods:
    i)
    Method 307A (referencing Methods 303E
    and 304), or
    ii)
    Method 307B
    D)
    USGS Methods: I-1062-85;
    3)
    Spectrophotometric, silver
    diethyldithiocarbamate:
    A)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method 206.4,
    B)
    ASTM D 2972-88A, or
    C)
    Standard Methods: Method 307B; or
    4)
    Inductively-coupled plasma arc furnace,
    Inductively Coupled Plasma Method, Method 200.7,
    as supplemented by Methodappendix 200.7A.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(k)(2)
    (1992).
    c)
    Fluoride. Analyses for fluoride must be conducted
    using one of the following methods:
    1)
    Colorimetric SPADNS, with distillation:
    A)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method 340.1,
    B)
    ASTM D1179-72A, or
    C)
    Standard Methods: Methods 413A and 413C;
    BOARD NOTE: 40 CFR 141.23(k)(3) cites
    methods "43 A and C", an obvious error that
    the Board has corrected to "413A and 413C".

    112
    2)
    Potentiometric, ion selective electrode:
    A)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method 340.2,
    B)
    ASTM D1179-72B, or
    C)
    Standard Methods: Method 413B;
    3)
    Automated Alizarin fluoride blue, with
    distillation (complexone):
    A)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method 340.3,
    B)
    Standard Methods: Method 413E, or
    C)
    Technicon Methods: Method 129-71W; or
    4)
    Automated ion selective electrode: Technicon
    Methods, Method 380-75WE.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(k)(3)
    (1992).
    d)
    Sample collection for antimony, asbestos, barium,
    beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide, fluoride,
    mercury, nickel, nitrate, nitrite, and selenium, and
    thallium pursuant to Sections 611.600 through
    611.604 must be conducted using the following
    sample preservation, container and maximum holding
    time procedures:
    1)
    Antimony:
    A)
    Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to
    pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot be
    used because of shipping restrictions, the
    sample may initially be preserved by icing
    and immediately shipping it to the
    laboratory. Upon receipt in the
    laboratory, the sample must be acidified
    with concentrated nitric acid to pH less
    than 2. At the time of sample analysis,
    the sample container must be thoroughly
    rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must
    be added to the sample.
    B)
    Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
    C)
    Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
    soon after collection as possible, but in
    any event within 6 months.

    113
    12)
    Asbestos:
    A)
    Preservative: Cool to 4
    °
    C.
    B)
    Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
    23)
    Barium:
    A)
    Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to
    pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot be
    used because of shipping restrictions, the
    sample may initially be preserved by icing
    and immediately shipping it to the
    laboratory. Upon receipt in the
    laboratory, the sample must be acidified
    with concentrated nitric acid to pH less
    than 2. At the time of sample analysis,
    the sample container must be thoroughly
    rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must
    be added to the sample.
    B)
    Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
    C)
    Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
    soon after collection as possible, but in
    any event within 6 months.
    4)
    Beryllium:
    A)
    Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to
    pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot be
    used because of shipping restrictions, the
    sample may initially be preserved by icing
    and immediately shipping it to the
    laboratory. Upon receipt in the
    laboratory, the sample must be acidified
    with concentrated nitric acid to pH less
    than 2. At the time of sample analysis,
    the sample container must be thoroughly
    rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must
    be added to the sample.
    B)
    Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
    C)
    Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
    soon after collection as possible, but in
    any event within 6 months.
    35)
    Cadmium:
    A)
    Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to

    114
    pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot be
    used because of shipping restrictions, the
    sample may initially be preserved by icing
    and immediately shipping it to the
    laboratory. Upon receipt in the
    laboratory, the sample must be acidified
    with concentrated nitric acid to pH less
    than 2. At the time of sample analysis,
    the sample container must be thoroughly
    rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must
    be added to the sample.
    B)
    Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
    C)
    Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
    soon after collection as possible, but in
    any event within 6 months.
    46)
    Chromium:
    A)
    Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to
    pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot be
    used because of shipping restrictions, the
    sample may initially be preserved by icing
    and immediately shipping it to the
    laboratory. Upon receipt in the
    laboratory, the sample must be acidified
    with concentrated nitric acid to pH less
    than 2. At the time of sample analysis,
    the sample container must be thoroughly
    rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must
    be added to the sample.
    B)
    Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
    C)
    Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
    soon after collection as possible, but in
    any event within 6 months.
    7)
    Cyanide:
    A)
    Preservative: Cool to 4
    °
    C. Add sodium
    hydroxide to pH > 12. See the analytical
    methods for information on sample
    preservation.
    B)
    Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
    C)
    Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
    soon after collection as possible, but in
    any event within 14 days.

    115
    58)
    Fluoride:
    A)
    Preservative: None.
    B)
    Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
    C)
    Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
    soon after collection as possible, but in
    any event within 1 month.
    69)
    Mercury:
    A)
    Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to
    pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot be
    used because of shipping restrictions, the
    sample may initially be preserved by icing
    and immediately shipping it to the
    laboratory. Upon receipt in the
    laboratory, the sample must be acidified
    with concentrated nitric acid to pH less
    than 2. At the time of sample analysis,
    the sample container must be thoroughly
    rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must
    be added to the sample.
    B)
    Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
    C)
    Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
    soon after collection as possible, but in
    any event within 28 days.
    10)
    Nickel:
    A)
    Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to
    pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot be
    used because of shipping restrictions, the
    sample may initially be preserved by icing
    and immediately shipping it to the
    laboratory. Upon receipt in the
    laboratory, the sample must be acidified
    with concentrated nitric acid to pH less
    than 2. At the time of sample analysis,
    the sample container must be thoroughly
    rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must
    be added to the sample.
    B)
    Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
    C)
    Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
    soon after collection as possible, but in
    any event within 6 months.

    116
    711) Nitrate, chlorinated:
    A)
    Preservative: Cool to 4
    °
    C.
    B)
    Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
    C)
    Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
    soon after collection as possible, but in
    any event within 28 days.
    812) Nitrate, non-chlorinated:
    A)
    Preservative: Concentrated sulfuric acid
    to pH less than 2.
    B)
    Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
    C)
    Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
    soon after collection as possible, but in
    any event within 14 days.
    913) Nitrite:
    A)
    Preservative: Cool to 4
    °
    C.
    B)
    Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
    C)
    Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
    soon after collection as possible, but in
    any event within 48 hours.
    104) Selenium:
    A)
    Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to
    pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot be
    used because of shipping restrictions, the
    sample may initially be preserved by icing
    and immediately shipping it to the
    laboratory. Upon receipt in the
    laboratory, the sample must be acidified
    with concentrated nitric acid to pH less
    than 2. At the time of sample analysis,
    the sample container must be thoroughly
    rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must
    be added to the sample.
    B)
    Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
    C)
    Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
    soon after collection as possible, but in

    117
    any event within 6 months.
    15)
    Thallium:
    A)
    Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to
    pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot be
    used because of shipping restrictions, the
    sample may initially be preserved by icing
    and immediately shipping it to the
    laboratory. Upon receipt in the
    laboratory, the sample must be acidified
    with concentrated nitric acid to pH less
    than 2. At the time of sample analysis,
    the sample container must be thoroughly
    rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must
    be added to the sample.
    B)
    Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
    C)
    Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
    soon after collection as possible, but in
    any event within 6 months.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR
    141.23(k)(4) (1992) as amended and
    renumbered to 40 CFR 141.23 (k)(5) at 57
    Fed. Reg. 31840 (July 17, 1992).
    e)
    Analyses under this Subpart must be conducted by
    laboratories that received approval from USEPA or
    the Agency. Laboratories may conduct sample
    analyses for antimony, beryllium, cyanide, nickel,
    and thallium under provisional certification granted
    by the Agency until January 1, 1996. The Agency
    shall approvecertify laboratories to conduct
    analyses for antimony, asbestos, barium, beryllium,
    cadmium, chromium, cyanide, fluoride, mercury,
    nickel, nitrate, nitrite, and selenium, and thallium
    if the laboratory:
    1)
    Analyzes performance evaluation samples,
    provided by the Agency pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm.
    Code 183.125(c), that include those substances
    at levels not in excess of levels expected in
    drinking water; and
    2)
    Achieves quantitative results on the analyses
    within the following acceptance limits:
    A)
    Antimony: ± 30% at greater than or equal
    to 0.006 mg/L.

    118
    BOARD NOTE: 40 CFR 141.23(k)(6), as
    renumbered from paragraph (k)(5) and
    amended at 40 CFR 31840 (July 17, 1992),
    actually lists "6#30" as the acceptance
    limit for antimony. The Board corrected
    this to "± 30%" based on the discussion at
    57 Fed. Reg. 31801.
    AB)
    Asbestos,: 2 standard deviations based on
    study statistics.
    BC)
    Barium,: ± 15% at greater than or equal to
    0.15 mg/L.
    D)
    Beryllium: ± 15% at greater than or equal
    to 0.001 mg/L.
    CE)
    Cadmium,: ± 20% at greater than or equal
    to 0.002 mg/L.
    DF)
    Chromium,: ± 15% at greater than or equal
    to 0.01 mg/L.
    G)
    Cyanide: ± 25% at greater than or equal to
    0.1 mg/l.
    EH)
    Fluoride,: ± 10% at 1 to 10 mg/L.
    FI)
    Mercury,: ± 30% at greater than or equal
    to 0.0005 mg/L.
    J)
    Nickel: ± 15 % at greater than or equal to
    0.01 mg/L.
    GK)
    Nitrate,: ± 10% at greater than or equal
    to 0.4 mg/L.
    HL)
    Nitrite,: ± 15% at greater than or equal
    to 0.4 mg/L.
    IM)
    Selenium,: ± 20% at greater than or equal
    to 0.01 mg/L.
    N)
    Thallium: ± 30% at greater than or equal
    to 0.002 mg/L.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR
    141.23(k)(5) (1992), as amended and
    renumbered to 40 CFR 141.23 (k)(6) at 57
    Fed. Reg. 31840-41 (July 17, 1992), and the
    discussion at 57 Fed. Reg. 31809.

    119
    f)
    Sample preservation, turbidity measurement, and
    digestion. For all analytical methods marked with
    an asterisk (*) in subsection (a) above, the
    following must be done:
    1)
    The samples must be preserved with concentrated
    nitric acid (pH < 2);
    1)
    Turbidity must be measured on the preserved
    samples immediately prior to analysis; and
    2)
    The sample must be analyzed as follows:
    A)
    Directly for total metals if the turbidity
    is less than 1 NTU, or
    B)
    After digestion, using the total
    recoverable technique as defined in the
    applicable method, if the turbidity is 1
    NTU or greater.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR
    141.23(k)(4), footnote 6, as added at 57
    Fed. Reg. 31840 (July 17, 1992).
    (Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    )
    Section 611.612
    Monitoring Requirements for Old Inorganic
    MCLs
    a)
    Analyses for the purpose of determining compliance
    with the old inorganic MCLs of Section 611.300 are
    required as follows:
    1)
    Analyses for all CWSs utilizing surface water
    sources must be repeated at yearly intervals.
    2)
    Analyses for all CWSs utilizing only groundwater
    sources must be repeated at three-year
    intervals.
    3)
    This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR
    141.23(l)(3) (1992), which requires monitoring
    for the repealed old MCL for nitrate at a
    frequency specified by the state. The Board has
    followed the USEPA lead and repealed that old
    MCL. This statement maintains structural
    consistency with USEPA rules
    4)
    This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR
    141.23(l)(4) (1992), which authorizes the state

    120
    to determine compliance and initiate enforcement
    action. This authority exists through the
    authorization of the Act, not through federal
    rules. This statement maintains structural
    consistency with USEPA rules.
    b)
    If the result of an analysis made under subsection
    (a) above indicates that the level of any
    contaminant listed in Section 611.300 exceeds the
    old MCL, the supplier shall report to the Agency
    within 7 days and initiate three additional analyses
    at the same sampling point within one month.
    c)
    When the average of four analyses made pursuant to
    subsection (b) above, rounded to the same number of
    significant figures as the old MCL for the substance
    in question, exceeds the old MCL, the supplier shall
    notify the Agency and give notice to the public
    pursuant to Subpart T of this Part. Monitoring
    after public notification must be at a frequency
    designated by the Agency by a SEP granted pursuant
    to Section 611.110 and must continue until the old
    MCL has not been exceeded in two successive samples
    or until a different monitoring schedule becomes
    effective as a condition to a variance, an adjusted
    standard, a site specific rule, an enforcement
    action, or another SEP granted pursuant to Section
    611.110.
    d)
    This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.23(o)
    (1992), which pertains to monitoring for the
    repealed old MCL for nitrate. The Board has
    followed the USEPA action and repealed that old MCL.
    This statement maintains structural consistency
    with USEPA rules.
    e)
    This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.23(p)
    (1992), which pertains to the use of existing data
    up until a date long since expired. The Board did
    not adopt the original provision in R88-26. This
    statement maintains structural consistency with
    USEPA rules.
    f)
    Analyses conducted to determine compliance with the
    old MCLs of Section 611.300 must be made in
    accordance with the following methods, incorporated
    by reference in Section 611.102.
    1)
    Arsenic:
    A)
    ASTM:

    121
    i)
    Method D2972-88A, or
    ii
    Method D2972-88B;
    B)
    Standard Methods:
    i)
    Method 307A, or
    ii)
    Method 307B;
    C)
    USGS Methods, Method I-1062-85;
    D)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods:
    i)
    Method 206.2, or
    ii)
    Method 206.3; or
    E)
    ICP Method 200.7, as supplemented by
    appendix 200.7A.
    2) Barium:
    A) Standard Methods: Method 308;
    B) USEPA Inorganic Methods:
    i) Method 208.1, or
    ii) Method 208.2; or
    C) ICP Method 200.7, as supplemented by
    appendix 200.7A.
    32)
    Fluoride: The methods specified in Section
    611.611(c) shall apply for the purposes of this
    Section.
    43)
    Cyanide, until the cyanide MCL of Section
    611.300 is no longer effective:
    A)
    Standard Methods: Method 412D4500-CN D, E,
    F, or G, or;
    B)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods: Methods 335.1,
    335.2., or 335.3; or
    C)
    ASTM Methods D2036-89A or B.
    54)
    Iron:
    A)
    Standard Methods: Method 303A;

    122
    B)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods:
    i)
    Method 236.1, or
    ii)
    Method 236.2; or
    C)
    ICP Method 200.7, as supplemented by
    appendix 200.7A.
    65)
    Manganese:
    A)
    ASTM: Method D858-84;
    B)
    Standard Methods: Method 303A;
    C)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods:
    i)
    Method 243.1, or
    ii)
    Method 243.2; or
    D)
    ICP Method 200.7, as supplemented by
    appendix 200.7A.
    76)
    Zinc:
    A)
    Standard Methods: Method 303A; or
    B)
    USEPA Inorganic Methods:
    i)
    Method 289.1, or
    ii)
    Method 289.2.
    BOARD NOTE: The provisions of
    subsections (a) through (f) above
    apply to additional state
    requirements. Subsections (a) through
    (f)(3) above derived from 40 CFR
    141.23(l) through (q) (1992). The
    Board has deleted several analytical
    methods codified by USEPA at 40 CFR
    141.23(q) (formerly 40 CFR 141.23(f))
    because the MCLs of 40 CFR 141.11
    expired for those contaminants on July
    30 and November 30, 1992. Subsection
    (f)(32) above relates to a contaminant
    for which USEPA specifies an MCL, but
    for which it repealed the analytical
    method. Subsections (f)(4) through
    (f)(86) above relate exclusively to

    123
    additional state requirements. The
    predecessor to subsections (a) through
    (e) above were formerly codified as
    Section 611.601. The predecessor to
    subsection (f) above was formerly
    codified as Section 611.606.
    (Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    )
    SUBPART O: ORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
    Section 611.640
    Definitions
    The following terms are defined for use in this Subpart only.
    Additional definitions are located in Section 611.102.
    "Old MCL" means an MCL in Section 611.310. These
    include the MCLs identified as "additional state
    requirements" and those derived from 40 CFR 141.12,
    but excluding TTHM. "Old MCLs" includes the Section
    611.310 MCLs for the following contaminants:
    Aldrin
    2,4-D
    DDT
    Dieldrin
    Endrin
    Heptachlor
    Heptachlor epoxide
    BOARD NOTE: 2,4-D, heptachlor, and heptachlor
    epoxide are also "Phase II SOCs". The
    additional state requirements of Section 611.310
    impose a more stringent "old MCL" for each of
    these compounds than that imposed on them as
    Phase II SOCs by Section 611.311. However, the
    requirements for sampling and monitoring for
    these compounds as Phase II SOCs and the
    consequences of their detection and violation of
    their revised MCLs is more stringent as Phase II
    SOCs.
    "Phase II SOCs" means:
    Alachlor
    Atrazine
    Carbofuran
    Chlordane
    Dibromochloropropane
    Ethylene dibromide
    Heptachlor

    124
    Heptachlor epoxide
    Lindane
    Methoxychlor
    Polychlorinated biphenyls
    Toxaphene
    2,4-D
    2,4,5-TP
    BOARD NOTE: These are organic contaminants
    regulated at 40 CFR 141.61(c)(1) through (c)(18)
    (1992). The MCLs for these contaminants are
    located at Section 611.311. More stringent MCLs
    for heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, and 2,4-D
    are found as "additional state requirements" in
    Section 611.310.
    "Phase IIB SOCs" means:
    Aldicarb
    Aldicarb Sulfone
    Aldicarb Sulfoxide
    Pentachlorophenol
    BOARD NOTE: These are organic contaminants
    regulated at 40 CFR 141.61(c)(1) through (c)(18)
    (1992). The MCLs for these contaminants are
    located at Section 611.311. The effectiveness
    of the Section 611.311 MCLs for aldicarb,
    aldicarb sulfone, and aldicarb sulfoxide are
    administratively stayed until the Board takes
    further administrative action to end this stay.
    However, suppliers must monitor for these three
    SOCs pursuant to Section 611.648. See 40 CFR
    141.6(g) (1992) and 57 Fed. Reg. 22178 (May 27,
    1992).
    "Phase V SOCs" means:
    Benzo[a]pyrene
    Dalapon
    Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
    Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
    Dinoseb
    Diquat
    Endothall
    Endrin
    Glyphosate
    Hexachlorobenzene
    Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
    Oxamyl
    Picloram
    Simazine
    2,3,7,8-TCDD
    BOARD NOTE: These are organic contaminants

    125
    regulated at 40 CFR 141.61(c)(19) through
    (c)(33) (1992). The MCLs for these contaminants
    are located at Section 611.311, and become
    effective January 17, 1994.
    "Phase I VOCs" means:
    Benzene
    Carbon tetrachloride
    p-Dichlorobenzene.
    1,2-Dichloroethane
    1,1-Dichloroethylene
    1,1,1-Trichloroethane
    Trichloroethylene
    Vinyl chloride
    BOARD NOTE: These are the organic contaminants
    regulated at 40 CFR 141.61(a)(1) through (a)(8)
    (1992). The MCLs for these contaminants are
    located at Section 611.311(a).
    "Phase II VOCs" means:
    o-Dichlorobenzene
    cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
    trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene
    1,2-Dichloropropane
    Ethylbenzene
    Monochlorobenzene
    Styrene
    Tetrachloroethylene
    Toluene
    Xylenes (total)
    BOARD NOTE: These are organic contaminants
    regulated at 40 CFR 141.61(a)(9) through (a)(18)
    (1992). The MCLs for these contaminants are in
    Section 611.311(a).
    "Phase V VOCs" means:
    Dichloromethane
    1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
    1,1,2-Trichloroethane
    BOARD NOTE: These are the organic contaminants
    regulated at 40 CFR 141.61(a)(19) through
    (a)(21) (1992). The MCLs for these contaminants
    are located at Section 611.311(a) and become
    effective January 17, 1994.
    "Revised MCL" means an MCL in Section 611.311. This
    term includes MCLs for "Phase I VOCs", "Phase II
    VOCs", "Phase V VOCs", and "Phase II SOCs", Phase
    IIB SOCs, and "Phase V SOCs".

    126
    (Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    )
    Section 611.646
    Phase I, and Phase II, and Phase V Volatile
    Organic Contaminants
    Monitoring of the Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs and
    Phase II VOCs for the purpose of determining compliance with
    the MCL must be conducted as follows:
    a)
    Definitions. As used in this Section:
    "Detect" and "detection" means that the
    contaminant of interest is present at a level
    greater than or equal to the "detection limit".
    "Detection limit" means 0.0005 mg/L.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f)(7),
    (f)(11), (f)(14)(i), and (f)(20) (1992). This
    is a "trigger level" for Phase I, Phase II, and
    Phase V VOCs and Phase II VOCs inasmuch as it
    prompts further action. The use of the term
    "detect" in this section is not intended to
    include any analytical capability of quantifying
    lower levels of any contaminant, or the "method
    detection limit". Note, however that certain
    language at the end of federal paragraph (f)(20)
    is capable of meaning that the "method detection
    limit" is used to derive the "detection limit".
    The Board has chosen to disregard that language
    at the end of paragraph (f)(20) in favor of the
    more direct language of paragraphs (f)(7) and
    (f)(11).
    "Method detection limit", as used in subsections
    (q) and (t) below means the minimum
    concentration of a substance that can be
    measured and reported with 99 percent confidence
    that the analyte concentration is greater than
    zero and is determined from analysis of a sample
    in a given matrix containing the analyte.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 136, Appendix B
    (1992). The method detection limit is
    determined by the procedure set forth in 40 CFR
    136, Appendix B. See subsection (t) below.
    b)
    Required sampling. Each supplier shall take a
    minimum of one sample at each sampling point at the
    times required in subsection (u) below.

    127
    c)
    Sampling points.
    1)
    Sampling points for GWSs. Unless otherwise
    provided by SEP, a GWS supplier shall take at
    least one sample from each of the following
    points: each entry point that is representative
    of each well after treatment.
    2)
    Sampling points for SWSs and mixed systems.
    Unless otherwise provided by SEP, a SWS or mixed
    system supplier shall sample from each of the
    following points:
    A)
    Each entry point after treatment; or
    B)
    Points in the distribution system that are
    representative of each source.
    3)
    The supplier shall take each sample at the same
    sampling point unless the Agency has granted a
    SEP that designates another location as more
    representative of each source, treatment plant,
    or within the distribution system.
    4)
    If a system draws water from more than one
    source, and the sources are combined before
    distribution, the supplier shall sample at an
    entry point during periods of normal operating
    conditions when water is representative of all
    sources being used.
    BOARD NOTE: Subsections (b) and (c) above
    derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f)(1) through (f)(3)
    (1992).
    d)
    Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier shall take four
    consecutive quarterly samples for each of the Phase
    I VOCs, excluding vinyl chloride, and Phase II VOCs
    during each compliance period, beginning in the
    compliance period starting January 1, 1993in the
    initial compliance period.
    e)
    Reduction to annual monitoring frequency. If the
    initial monitoring for the Phase I, Phase II, and
    Phase V VOCs and Phase II VOCs as allowed in
    subsection (r)(1) below has been completed by
    December 31, 1992, and the supplier did not detect
    any of the Phase I VOCs, including vinyl chloride,
    or Phase II, or Phase V VOCs, then the supplier
    shall take one sample annually beginning January 1,
    1993in the initial compliance period.

    128
    f)
    GWS reduction to triennial monitoring frequency.
    After a minimum of three years of annual sampling,
    GWS suppliers that have not previously detected any
    of the Phase I VOCs, including vinyl chloride, or
    Phase II, or Phase V VOCs shall take one sample
    during each three-year compliance period.
    g)
    A CWS or NTNCWS supplier that has completed the
    initial round of monitoring required by subsection
    (d) above and which did not detect any of the Phase
    I VOCs, including vinyl chloride, and Phase II, and
    Phase V VOCs may apply to the Agency for a SEP
    pursuant to Section 611.110 that releases it from
    the requirements of subsection (e) or (f) above. A
    supplier that serves fewer than 3300 service
    connections may apply to the Agency for a SEP
    pursuant to Section 611.110 that releases it from
    the requirements of subsection (d) above as to
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f)(7) and
    (f)(10) (1992), as amended at 57 Fed. Reg. 31841
    (July 17, 1992), and the discussion at 57 Fed. Reg.
    31825 (July 17, 1992). Provisions concerning the
    term of the waiver appear below in subsections (i)
    and (j) below. The definition of "detect",
    parenthetically added to the federal counterpart
    paragraph is in subsection (a) above.
    h)
    Vulnerability Assessment. The Agency shall consider
    the factors of Section 611.110(e) in granting a SEP
    from the requirements of subsections (d), (e), or
    (f) above sought pursuant to subsection (g) above.
    i)
    A SEP issued to a GWS pursuant to subsection (g)
    above is for a maximum of six years, except that a
    SEP as to the subsection (d) above monitoring for
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene shall apply only to the
    initial round of monitoring. As a condition of a
    SEP, except as to a SEP from the initial round of
    subsection (d) above monitoring for 1,2,4-trichloro-
    benzene, the supplier shall, within 30 months after
    the beginning of the period for which the waiver was
    issued, reconfirm its vulnerability assessment
    required by subsection (h) above and submitted
    pursuant to subsection (g) above, by taking one
    sample at each sampling point and reapplying for a
    SEP pursuant to subsection (g) above. Based on this
    application, the Agency shall either:
    1)
    If it determines that the PWS meets the standard

    129
    of Section 611.610(e), issue a SEP that
    reconfirms the prior SEP for the remaining
    three-year compliance period of the six-year
    maximum term; or,
    2)
    Issue a new SEP requiring the supplier to sample
    annually.
    BOARD NOTE: This provision does not apply to
    SWSs and mixed systems.
    j)
    Special considerations for SEPs for SWS and mixed
    systems.
    1)
    The Agency must determine that a SWS is not
    vulnerable before issuing a SEP pursuant to a
    SWS supplier. A SEP issued to a SWS or mixed
    system supplier pursuant to subsection (g) above
    is for a maximum of one compliance period; and
    2)
    The Agency may require, as a condition to a SEP
    issued to a SWS or mixed supplier, that the
    supplier take such samples for Phase I, Phase
    II, and Phase V VOCs and Phase II VOCs at such a
    frequency as the Agency determines are
    necessary, based on the vulnerability
    assessment.
    BOARD NOTE: There is a great degree of
    similarity between 40 CFR 141.24(f)(7), the
    provision applicable to GWSs, and 40 CFR
    141.24(f)(10), the provision for SWSs. The
    Board has consolidated the common requirements
    of both paragraphs into subsection (g) above.
    Subsection (j) above represents the elements
    unique to SWSs and mixed systems, and subsection
    (i) above relates to GWSs. Although 40 CFR
    141.24(f)(7) and (f)(10) are silent as to mixed
    systems, the Board has included mixed systems
    with SWSs because this best follows the federal
    scheme for all other contaminants.
    k)
    If one of the Phase I VOCs, excluding vinyl
    chloride, or Phase II, or Phase V VOCs is detected
    in any sample, then:
    1)
    The supplier shall monitor quarterly for that
    contaminant at each sampling point that resulted
    in a detection.
    2)
    Annual monitoring.

    130
    A)
    The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to
    Section 611.110 that allows a supplier to
    reduce the monitoring frequency to annual
    at a sampling point if it determines that
    the sampling point is reliably and
    consistently below the MCL.
    B)
    A request for a SEP must include the
    following minimal information:
    i)
    For a GWS, two quarterly samples.
    ii)
    For a SWS or mixed system, four
    quarterly samples.
    C)
    In issuing a SEP, the Agency shall specify
    the level of the contaminant upon which the
    "reliably and consistently" determination
    was based. All SEPs that allow less
    frequent monitoring based on an Agency
    "reliably and consistently" determination
    shall include a condition requiring the
    supplier to resume quarterly monitoring
    pursuant to subsection (k)(1) above if it
    violates the MCL specified by Section
    611.311.
    3)
    Suppliers that monitor annually shall monitor
    during the quarter(s) that previously yielded
    the highest analytical result.
    4)
    Suppliers that do not detect a contaminant at a
    sampling point in three consecutive annual
    samples may apply to the Agency for a SEP
    pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows it to
    discontinue monitoring for that contaminant at
    that point, as specified in subsection (g)
    above.
    5)
    A GWS supplier that has detected one or more of
    the two-carbon contaminants listed in subsection
    (k)(5)(A) below shall monitor quarterly for
    vinyl chloride as described in subsection
    (k)(5)(B) below, subject to the limitation of
    subsection (k)(5)(C) below.
    A)
    Two-carbon contaminants (Phase I or II
    VOC):
    1,2-Dichloroethane (Phase I)
    1,1-Dichloroethylene (Phase I)
    cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (Phase II)

    131
    trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene (Phase II)
    Tetrachloroethylene (Phase II)
    1,1,1-Trichloroethylene (Phase I)
    Trichloroethylene (Phase I)
    B)
    The supplier shall sample quarterly for
    vinyl chloride at each sampling point at
    which it detected one or more of the two-
    carbon contaminants listed in subsection
    (k)(5)(A) above.
    C)
    The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to
    Section 611.110 that allows the supplier to
    reduce the monitoring frequency for vinyl
    chloride at any sampling point to once in
    each three-year compliance period if it
    determines that the supplier has not
    detected vinyl chloride in first sample
    required by subsection (k)(5)(B) above.
    l)
    Quarterly monitoring following MCL violations.
    1)
    Suppliers that violate an MCL for one of the
    Phase I VOCs, including vinyl chloride, or Phase
    II, or Phase V VOCs, as determined by subsection
    (o) below, shall monitor quarterly for that
    contaminant, at the sampling point where the
    violation occurred, beginning the next quarter
    after the violation.
    2)
    Annual monitoring.
    A)
    The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to
    Section 611.110 that allows a supplier to
    reduce the monitoring frequency to annually
    if it determines that the sampling point is
    reliably and consistently below the MCL.
    B)
    A request for a SEP must include the
    following minimal information: four
    quarterly samples.
    C)
    In issuing a SEP, the Agency shall specify
    the level of the contaminant upon which the
    "reliably and consistently" determination
    was based. All SEPs that allow less
    frequent monitoring based on an Agency
    "reliably and consistently" determination
    shall include a condition requiring the
    supplier to resume quarterly monitoring
    pursuant to subsection (l)(1) above if it
    violates the MCL specified by Section

    132
    611.311.
    D)
    The supplier shall monitor during the
    quarter(s) that previously yielded the
    highest analytical result.
    m)
    Confirmation samples. The Agency may issue a SEP
    pursuant to Section 610.110 to require a supplier to
    use a confirmation sample for results that it finds
    dubious for whatever reason. The Agency must state
    its reasons for issuing the SEP if the SEP is
    Agency-initiated.
    1)
    If a supplier detects any of the Phase I, Phase
    II, or Phase V VOCs or Phase II VOCs in a
    sample, the supplier shall take a confirmation
    sample as soon as possible, but no later than 14
    days after the supplier receives notice of the
    detection.
    2)
    Averaging is as specified in subsection (o)
    below.
    3)
    The Agency shall delete the original or
    confirmation sample if it determines that a
    sampling error occurred, in which case the
    confirmation sample will replace the original or
    confirmation sample.
    n)
    This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR
    141.24(f)(14), an optional USEPA provision relating
    to compositing of samples that USEPA does not
    require for state programs. This statement
    maintains structural consistency with USEPA rules.
    o)
    Compliance with the MCLs for the Phase I, Phase II,
    and Phase V VOCs and Phase II VOCs must be
    determined based on the analytical results obtained
    at each sampling point.
    1)
    For suppliers that conduct monitoring at a
    frequency greater than annual, compliance is
    determined by a running annual average of all
    samples taken at each sampling point.
    A)
    If the annual average of any sampling point
    is greater than the MCL, then the supplier
    is out of compliance.
    B)
    If the initial sample or a subsequent
    sample would cause the annual average to
    exceed the MCL, then the supplier is out of

    133
    compliance immediately.
    C)
    Any samples below the detection limit shall
    be deemed as zero for purposes of
    determining the annual average.
    2)
    If monitoring is conducted annually, or less
    frequently, the supplier is out of compliance if
    the level of a contaminant at any sampling point
    is greater than the MCL. If a confirmation
    sample is taken, the determination of compliance
    is based on the average of two samples.
    3)
    Public notice for a supplier out of compliance
    is governed by Subpart T of this Part.
    p)
    Analyses for the Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs
    and Phase II VOCs must be conducted using the
    following methods. These methods are contained in
    USEPA Organic Methods, incorporated by reference in
    Section 611.102:
    1)
    Method 502.1,: "Volatile Halogenated Organic
    Chemicals in Water by Purge and Trap Gas
    Chromatography.".
    2)
    Method 502.2,: "Volatile Organic Compounds in
    Water by Purge and Trap Capillary Column Gas
    Chromatography with Photoionization and
    Electrolytic Conductivity Detectors in Series.".
    3)
    Method 503.1,: "Volatile Aromatic and
    Unsaturated Organic Compounds in Water by Purge
    and Trap Gas Chromatography.".
    4)
    Method 524.1,: "Measurement of Purgeable
    Organic Compounds in Water by Purged Column Gas
    Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry.".
    5)
    Method 524.2,: "Measurement of Purgeable
    Organic Compounds in Water by Capillary Column
    Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry.".
    q)
    Analysis under this Section must only be conducted
    by laboratories that have received approval by USEPA
    or the Agency according to the following conditions:
    1)
    To receive conditional approval to conduct
    analyses for the Phase I VOCs, excluding vinyl
    chloride, and Phase II VOCs, and Phase V VOCs,
    the laboratory must:

    134
    A)
    Analyze performance evaluation samples that
    include these substances provided by the
    Agency pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code
    183.125(c);
    B)
    Achieve the quantitative acceptance limits
    under subsections (q)(1)(C) and (q)(1)(D)
    below for at least 80 percent of the Phase
    I VOCs, excluding vinyl chloride, or Phase
    II VOCs, except vinyl chloride, or Phase V
    VOCs;
    C)
    Achieve quantitative results on the
    analyses performed under subsection
    (q)(1)(A) above that are within ± 20
    percent of the actual amount of the
    substances in the performance evaluation
    sample when the actual amount is greater
    than or equal to 0.010 mg/L;
    D)
    Achieve quantitative results on the
    analyses performed under subsection
    (q)(1)(A) above that are within ± 40
    percent of the actual amount of the
    substances in the performance evaluation
    sample when the actual amount is less than
    0.010 mg/L; and
    E)
    Achieve a method detection limit of 0.0005
    mg/L, according to the procedures in 40 CFR
    136, appendix B, incorporated by reference
    in Section 611.102.
    2)
    To receive conditional approval to conduct
    analyses for vinyl chloride the laboratory must:
    A)
    Analyze performance evaluation samples
    provided by the Agency pursuant to 35 Ill.
    Adm. Code 183.125(c);
    B)
    Achieve quantitative results on the
    analyses performed under subsection
    (q)(2)(A) above that are within ± 40
    percent of the actual amount of vinyl
    chloride in the performance evaluation
    sample;
    C)
    Achieve a method detection limit of 0.0005
    mg/L, according to the procedures in 40 CFR
    136, appendix B, incorporated by reference
    in Section 611.102; and

    135
    D)
    Obtain certification pursuant to subsection
    (q)(1) above for Phase I VOCs, excluding
    vinyl chloride, and Phase II VOCs, and
    Phase V VOCs.
    r)
    Use of existing data.
    1)
    The Agency shall allow the use of data collected
    after January 1, 1988 but prior to the effective
    date of this Section, pursuant to Agency sample
    request letters, if it determines that the data
    are generally consistent with the requirements
    of this Section.
    2)
    The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to Section
    611.110 that allows a supplier to monitor
    annually beginning January 1, 1993in the initial
    compliance period if it determines that the
    supplier did not detect any Phase I, VOC or
    Phase II, or Phase V VOC using existing data
    allowed pursuant to subsection (r)(1) above.
    s)
    The Agency shall, by SEP, increase the number of
    sampling points or the frequency of monitoring if it
    determines that it is necessary to detect variations
    within the PWS.
    t)
    Each laboratory approved for the analysis of Phase
    I, VOCs or Phase II, or Phase V VOCs pursuant to
    subsection (q)(1) or (q)(2) above shall:
    1)
    Determine the method detection limit (MDL), as
    defined in 40 CFR 136, Appendix B, incorporated
    by reference in Section 611.102, at which it is
    capable of detecting the Phase I, Phase II, and
    Phase V VOCs and Phase II VOCs; and,
    2)
    Achieve an MDL for each Phase I, VOC and Phase
    II, and Phase V VOC that is less than or equal
    to 0.0005 mg/L.
    u)
    Each supplier shall monitor, within each compliance
    period, at the time designated by the Agency by SEP
    pursuant to Section 611.110.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f) (1992),
    as amended at 57 Fed. Reg. 31841 (July 17, 1992).
    (Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    )
    Section 611.648
    Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V Synthetic

    136
    Organic Contaminants
    Analysis of the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs for the
    purposes of determining compliance with the MCL must be
    conducted as follows:
    a)
    Definitions. As used in this Section:
    "Detect or detection" means that the contaminant
    of interest is present at a level greater than
    or equal to the "detection limit".
    "Detection limit" means the level of the
    contaminant of interest that is specified in
    subsection (r) below.
    BOARD NOTE: This is a "trigger level" for Phase
    II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs inasmuch as it
    prompts further action. The use of the term
    "detect" or "detection" in this section is not
    intended to include any analytical capability of
    quantifying lower levels of any contaminant, or
    the "method detection limit".
    b)
    Required sampling. Each supplier shall take a
    minimum of one sample at each sampling point at the
    times required in subsection (q) below.
    BOARD NOTE: USEPA stayed the effective date of the
    MCLs for aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, and aldicarb
    sulfoxide at 57 Fed. Reg. 22178 (May 27, 1991).
    Section 611.311(c) includes this stay. However,
    despite the stay of the effectiveness of the MCLs
    for these three SOCs, suppliers must monitor for
    them.
    c)
    Sampling points.
    1)
    Sampling points for GWSs. Unless otherwise
    provided by SEP, a GWS supplier shall take at
    least one sample from each of the following
    points: each entry point that is representative
    of each well after treatment.
    2)
    Sampling points for SWSs and mixed systems.
    Unless otherwise provided by SEP, a SWS or mixed
    system supplier shall sample from each of the
    following points:
    A)
    Each entry point after treatment; or
    B)
    Points in the distribution system that are

    137
    representative of each source.
    3)
    The supplier shall take each sample at the same
    sampling point unless the Agency has granted a
    SEP that designates another location as more
    representative of each source, treatment plant,
    or within the distribution system.
    4)
    If a system draws water from more than one
    source, and the sources are combined before
    distribution, the supplier shall sample at an
    entry point during periods of normal operating
    conditions when water is representative of all
    sources being used.
    BOARD NOTE: Subsections (b) and (c) above
    derived from 40 CFR 141.24(h)(1) through (h)(3)
    (1992).
    d)
    Monitoring frequency:
    1)
    Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier shall take four
    consecutive quarterly samples for each of the
    Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs during
    each compliance period, beginning in the three-
    year compliance period starting January 1,
    1993in the initial compliance period.
    2)
    Suppliers serving more than 3,300 persons that
    do not detect a contaminant in the initial
    compliance period, shall take a minimum of two
    quarterly samples in one year of each subsequent
    three-year compliance period.
    3)
    Suppliers serving less than or equal to 3,300
    persons that do not detect a contaminant in the
    initial compliance period, shall take a minimum
    of one sample during each subsequent three-year
    compliance period.
    e)
    Reduction to annual monitoring frequency. A CWS or
    NTNCWS supplier may apply to the Agency for a SEP
    that releases it from the requirements of subsection
    (d) above. A SEP from the requirement of subsection
    (d) above shall last for only a single three-year
    compliance period.
    f)
    Vulnerability Assessment. The Agency shall grant a
    SEP from the requirements of subsection (d) above
    based on consideration of the factors set forth at
    Section 611.110(e).

    138
    g)
    If one of the Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase V SOCs
    is detected in any sample, then:
    1)
    The supplier shall monitor quarterly for the
    contaminant at each sampling point that resulted
    in a detection.
    2)
    Annual monitoring.
    A)
    A supplier may request that the Agency
    grant a SEP pursuant to Section 610.110
    that reduces the monitoring frequency to
    annual.
    B)
    A request for a SEP must include the
    following minimal information:
    i)
    For a GWS, two quarterly samples.
    ii)
    For a SWS or mixed system, four
    quarterly samples.
    C)
    The Agency shall grant a SEP that allows
    annual monitoring at a sampling point if it
    determines that the sampling point is
    reliably and consistently below the MCL.
    D)
    In issuing the SEP, the Agency shall
    specify the level of the contaminant upon
    which the "reliably and consistently"
    determination was based All SEPs that
    allow less frequent monitoring based on an
    Agency "reliably and consistently"
    determination shall include a condition
    requiring the supplier to resume quarterly
    monitoring pursuant to subsection (g)(1)
    above if it detects any Phase II SOC.
    3)
    Suppliers that monitor annually shall monitor
    during the quarter(s) that previously yielded
    the highest analytical result.
    4)
    Suppliers that have three consecutive annual
    samples with no detection of a contaminant at a
    sampling point may apply to the Agency for a SEP
    with respect to that point, as specified in
    subsections (e) and (f) above.
    5)
    Monitoring for related contaminants.
    A)
    If monitoring results in detection of one
    or more of the related contaminants listed

    139
    in subsection (g)(5)(B) below, subsequent
    monitoring shall analyze for all the
    related compounds in the respective group.
    B)
    Related contaminants:
    i)
    first group:
    aldicarb
    aldicarb sulfone
    aldicarb sulfoxide
    ii)
    second group:
    heptachlor
    heptachlor epoxide,
    h)
    Quarterly monitoring following MCL violations.
    1)
    Suppliers that violate an MCL for one of the
    Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase V SOCs, as
    determined by subsection (k) below, shall
    monitor quarterly for that contaminant at the
    sampling point where the violation occurred,
    beginning the next quarter after the violation.
    2)
    Annual monitoring.
    A)
    A supplier may request that the Agency
    grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110
    that reduces the monitoring frequency to
    annual.
    B)
    A request for a SEP must include, at a
    minimum, the results from four quarterly
    samples.
    C)
    The Agency shall grant a SEP that allows
    annual monitoring at a sampling point if it
    determines that the sampling point is
    reliably and consistently below the MCL.
    D)
    In issuing the SEP, the Agency shall
    specify the level of the contaminant upon
    which the "reliably and consistently"
    determination was based All SEPs that
    allow less frequent monitoring based on an
    Agency "reliably and consistently"
    determination shall include a condition
    requiring the supplier to resume quarterly
    monitoring pursuant to subsection (h)(1)
    above if it detects any Phase II SOC.

    140
    E)
    The supplier shall monitor during the
    quarter(s) that previously yielded the
    highest analytical result.
    i)
    Confirmation samples.
    1)
    If any of the Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase V
    SOCs are detected in a sample, the supplier
    shall take a confirmation sample as soon as
    possible, but no later than 14 days after the
    supplier receives notice of the detection.
    2)
    Averaging is as specified in subsection (k)
    below.
    3)
    The Agency shall delete the original or
    confirmation sample if it determines that a
    sampling error occurred, in which case the
    confirmation sample will replace the original or
    confirmation sample.
    j)
    This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR
    141.24(h)(10), an optional USEPA provision relating
    to compositing of samples that USEPA does not
    require for state programs. This statement
    maintains structural consistency with USEPA rules.
    k)
    Compliance with the MCLs for the Phase II, Phase
    IIB, and Phase V SOCs shall be determined based on
    the analytical results obtained at each sampling
    point.
    1)
    For suppliers that are conducting monitoring at
    a frequency greater than annual, compliance is
    determined by a running annual average of all
    samples taken at each sampling point.
    A)
    If the annual average of any sampling point
    is greater than the MCL, then the supplier
    is out of compliance.
    B)
    If the initial sample or a subsequent
    sample would cause the annual average to be
    exceeded, then the supplier is out of
    compliance immediately.
    C)
    Any samples below the detection limit must
    be calculated as zero for purposes of
    determining the annual average.
    2)
    If monitoring is conducted annually or less

    141
    frequently, the supplier is out of compliance if
    the level of a contaminant at any sampling point
    is greater than the MCL. If a confirmation
    sample is taken, the determination of compliance
    is based on the average of two samples.
    3)
    Public notice for a supplier out of compliance
    is governed by Subpart T of this Part.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(h)(11)
    (1992).
    l)
    Analysis for Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs
    must be conducted using the following methods.
    These methods, except for USEPA Dioxin and Furan
    Method 1613, are contained in USEPA Organic
    Methods,. All methods are incorporated by reference
    in Section 611.102.
    1)
    Method 504,: "1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB) and
    1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) in Water by
    Microextraction and Gas Chromatography.".
    Method 504 can be used to measure 1,2-Dibromo-
    3-chloropropane (dibromochloropropane or DBCP)
    and 1,2-Dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide or
    EDB).
    2)
    Method 505,: "Analysis of Organohalide
    Pesticides and Commercial Polychlorinated
    Biphenyl Products (Aroclors) in Water by
    Microextraction and Gas Chromatography.".
    Method 505 can be used to measure alachlor,
    atrazine, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin,
    heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, hexachloro-
    benzene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene, lindane,
    methoxychlor, simazine, and toxaphene. Method
    505 can be used as a screen for PCBs.
    3)
    Method 507,: "Determination of Nitrogen- and
    Phosphorus-Containing Pesticides in Ground Water
    by Gas Chromatography with a Nitrogen-Phosphorus
    Detector.". Method 507 can be used to measure
    alachlor, and atrazine, and simazine.
    4)
    Method 508,: "Determination of Chlorinated
    Pesticides in Water by Gas Chromatography with
    an Electron Capture Detector.". Method 508 can
    be used to measure chlordane, DDT, dieldrin,
    endrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, hexa-
    chlorobenzene, lindane, methoxychlor, and
    toxaphene. Method 508 can be used as a screen
    for PCBs.

    142
    5)
    Method 508A,: "Screening for Polychlorinated
    Biphenyls by Perchlorination and Gas
    Chromatography.". Method 508A is used to
    quantitate PCBs as decachlorobiphenyl if
    detected in Methods 505 or 508.
    6)
    Method 515.1, revision 5.0 (May, 1991),:
    "Determination of Chlorinated Acids in Water by
    Gas Chromatography with an Electron Capture
    Detector.". Method 515.1 can be used to measure
    2,4-D, dalapon, dinoseb, pentachlorophenol,
    picloram, and 2,4,5-TP (Silvex) and pentachloro-
    phenol.
    7)
    Method 525.1, revision 3.0 (May, 1991),:
    "Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking
    Water by Liquid-Solid Extraction and Capillary
    Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry.".
    Method 525 can be used to measure alachlor,
    atrazine, chlordane, di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate,
    di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, endrin, heptachlor,
    heptachlor epoxide, hexachlorobenzene, hexa-
    chlorocyclopentadiene, lindane, methoxychlor,
    and pentachlorophenol polynuclear aromatic
    hydrocarbons, simazine, and toxaphene.
    8)
    Method 531.1,: "Measurement of N-Methyl
    Carbamoyloximes and N-Methyl Carbamates in Water
    by Direct Aqueous Injection HPLC with
    Post-Column Derivatization.". Method 531.1 can
    be used to measure aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide,
    aldicarb sulfone, and carbofuran, and oxamyl.
    9)
    USEPA Dioxin and Furan Method 1613: "Tetra-
    through Octa- Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans by
    Isotope Dilution". Method 1613 can be used to
    measure 2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin).
    10)
    Method 547: "Analysis of Glyphosate in Drinking
    Water by Direct Aqueous Injection HPLC with
    Post-Column Derivitization", available from
    USEPA-OST. Method 547 can be used to measure
    glyphosate.
    11)
    Method 548: "Determination of Endothall in
    Aqueous Samples". Method 548 can be used to
    measure endothall.
    12)
    Method 549: "Determination of Diquat and
    Paraquat in Drinking Water by High Performance
    Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet

    143
    Detection". Method 549 can be used to measure
    diquat.
    13)
    Method 550: "Determination of Polycyclic
    Aromatic Hydorcarbons in Drinking Water by
    Liquid-Liquid Extraction and HPLC with Coupled
    Ultraviolet and Fluorescence Detection". Method
    550 can be used to measure benzo(a)pyrene and
    other polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
    14)
    Method 550.1: "Determination of Polycyclic
    Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Drinking Water by
    Liquid-Solid Extraction and HPLC with Coupled
    Ultraviolet and Fluorescence Detection". Method
    550 can be used to measure benzo(a)pyrene and
    other polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
    m)
    Analysis for PCBs must be conducted as follows:
    1)
    Each supplier that monitors for PCBs shall
    analyze each sample using either USEPA Organic
    Methods, Method 505 or Method 508.
    2)
    If PCBs are detected in any sample analyzed
    using USEPA Organic Methods, Methods 505 or 508,
    the supplier shall reanalyze the sample using
    Method 508A to quantitate the individual
    Aroclors (as decachlorobiphenyl).
    3)
    Compliance with the PCB MCL must be determined
    based upon the quantitative results of analyses
    using USEPA Organic Methods, Method 508A.
    n)
    Use of existing data.
    1)
    The Agency shall allow the use of data collected
    after January 1, 1990 but prior to the effective
    date of this Section, pursuant to Agency sample
    request letters, if it determines that the data
    are generally consistent with the requirements
    of this Section.
    2)
    The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to Section
    611.110 that allows a supplier to monitor
    annually beginning January 1, 1993in the initial
    compliance period if it determines that the
    supplier did not detect any Phase I VOC or Phase
    II VOC using existing data allowed pursuant to
    subsection (n)(1) above.
    o)
    The Agency shall issue a SEP that increases the
    number of sampling points or the frequency of

    144
    monitoring if it determines that this is necessary
    to detect variations within the PWS due to such
    factors as fluctuations in contaminant concentration
    due to seasonal use or changes in the water source.
    BOARD NOTE: At 40 CFR 141.24(h)(15), USEPA uses the
    stated factors as non-limiting examples of
    circumstances that make additional monitoring
    necessary.
    p)
    This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR
    141.24(h)(16), a USEPA provision that the Board has
    not adopted because it reserves enforcement
    authority to the state and would serve no useful
    function as part of the state's rules. This
    statement maintains structural consistency with
    USEPA rules.
    q)
    Each supplier shall monitor, within each compliance
    period, at the time designated by the Agency by SEP
    pursuant to Section 611.110.
    r)
    "Detection" means greater than or equal to the
    following concentrations for each contaminant:
    1)
    for PCBs (Aroclors):
    Aroclor
    Detection Limit (mg/L)
    1016
    0.00008
    1221
    0.02
    1232
    0.0005
    1242
    0.0003
    1248
    0.0001
    1254
    0.0001
    1260
    0.0002
    2)
    for other Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs:
    Contaminant
    Detection Limit
    (mg/L)
    Alachlor
    0.0002
    Aldicarb
    0.0005
    Aldicarb sulfoxide
    0.0005
    Aldicarb sulfone
    0.0008
    Atrazine
    0.0001
    Benzo(a)pyrene
    0.00002
    Carbofuran
    0.0009
    Chlordane
    0.0002
    2,4-D
    0.0001
    Dalapon
    0.001
    Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)
    0.00002

    145
    2,4-D 0.0001
    Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
    0.0006
    Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
    0.0006
    Dinoseb
    0.0002
    Diquat
    0.0004
    Endothall
    0.009
    Endrin
    0.00001
    Ethylene dibromide (EDB)
    0.00001
    Glyphosate
    0.006
    Heptachlor
    0.00004
    Heptachlor epoxide
    0.00002
    Hexachlorobenzene
    0.0001
    Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
    0.0001
    Lindane
    0.00002
    Methoxychlor
    0.0001
    Oxamyl
    0.002
    Picloram
    0.0001
    Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
    (as decachlorobiphenyl)
    0.0001
    Pentachlorophenol
    0.00004
    Simazine
    0.00007
    Toxaphene
    0.001
    2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin)
    0.000000005
    2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
    0.0002
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(h)
    (1992).
    s)
    Laboratory Certification.
    1)
    Analyses under this Section must only be
    conducted by laboratories that have received
    approval by USEPA or the Agency according to the
    following conditions.
    2)
    To receive certification to conduct analyses for
    the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs the
    laboratory must:
    A)
    Analyze performance evaluation samples
    provided by the Agency pursuant to 35 Ill.
    Adm. Code 183.125(c) that include these
    substances; and
    B)
    Achieve quantitative results on the
    analyses performed under subsection
    (s)(2)(A) above that are within the
    acceptance limits set forth in subsection
    (s)(2)(C) above.
    C)
    Acceptance limits:

    146
    SOC
    Acceptance Limits
    Alachlor
    ± 45%
    Aldicarb
    2 standard deviations
    Aldicarb sulfone
    2 standard deviations
    Aldicarb sulfoxide2 standard deviations
    Atrazine
    ± 45%
    Benzo(a)pyrene
    2 standard deviations
    Carbofuran
    ± 45%
    Chlordane
    ± 45%
    Dalapon
    2 standard deviations
    Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
    2 standard deviations
    Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
    2 standard deviations
    Dinoseb
    2 standard deviations
    Diquat
    2 standard deviations
    Endothall
    2 standard deviations
    Endrin
    ± 30%
    Glyphosate
    2 standard deviations
    Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)
    ± 40%
    Ethylene dibromide (EDB)
    ± 40%
    Heptachlor
    ± 45%
    Heptachlor epoxide
    ± 45%
    Hexachlorobenzene2 standard deviations
    Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
    2 standard deviations
    Lindane
    ± 45%
    Methoxychlor
    ± 45%
    Oxamyl
    2 standard deviations
    PCBs (as Decachlorobiphenyl)
    0-200%
    Pentachlorophenol
    ± 50%
    Picloram
    2 standard deviations
    Simazine
    2 standard deviations
    Toxaphene
    ± 45%
    2,4-D
    ± 50%
    2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin)
    2 standard deviations
    2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
    ± 50%
    2,4-D ± 50%
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(h)
    (1992), as amended at 57 Fed. Reg. 31842
    (July 17, 1992).
    (Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    )
    Section 611.Appendix A
    Mandatory Health Effects Information
    1)
    Trichloroethylene. The United States Environmental

    147
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that trichloroethylene
    is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
    This chemical is a common metal cleaning and dry
    cleaning fluid. It generally gets into drinking
    water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has
    been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals
    such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed
    at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that
    cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase
    the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed at
    lower levels over long periods of time. USEPA has
    set forth the enforceable drinking water standard
    for trichloroethylene at 0.005 parts per million
    (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse
    health effects which have been observed in
    laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets this
    standard is associated with little to none of this
    risk and should be considered safe.
    2)
    Carbon tetrachloride. The United States
    Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
    drinking water standards and has determined that
    carbon tetrachloride is a health concern at certain
    levels of exposure. This chemical was once a
    popular household cleaning fluid. It generally gets
    into drinking water by improper waste disposal.
    This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
    laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
    animals are exposed at high levels over their
    lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
    laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
    cancer in humans who are exposed at lower levels
    over long periods of time. USEPA has set the
    enforceable drinking water standard for carbon
    tetrachloride at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to
    reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health
    effects which have been observed in laboratory
    animals. Drinking water which meets this standard
    is associated with little to none of this risk and
    should be considered safe.
    3)
    1,2-Dichloroethane. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that 1,2-dichloroethane
    is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
    This chemical is used as a cleaning fluid for fats,
    oils, waxes and resins. It generally gets into
    drinking water by improper waste disposal. This
    chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
    laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
    animals are exposed at high levels over their

    148
    lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
    laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
    cancer in humans who are exposed at lower levels
    over long periods of time. USEPA has set the
    enforceable drinking water standard for 1,2-
    dichloroethane at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to
    reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health
    effects which have been observed in laboratory
    animals. Drinking water which meets this standard
    is associated with little to none of this risk and
    should be considered safe.
    4)
    Vinyl chloride. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that vinyl chloride is
    a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
    This chemical is used in industry and is found in
    drinking water as a result of the breakdown of
    related solvents. The solvents are used as cleaners
    and degreasers of metals and generally get into
    drinking water by improper waste disposal. This
    chemical has been associated with significantly
    increased risks of cancer among certain industrial
    workers who were exposed to relatively large amounts
    of this chemical during their working careers. This
    chemical has also been shown to cause cancer in
    laboratory animals when the animals are exposed at
    high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that
    cause increased risk of cancer among exposed
    industrial workers and in laboratory animals also
    may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are
    exposed at lower levels over long periods of time.
    USEPA has set the enforceable drinking water
    standard for vinyl chloride at 0.002 parts per
    million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other
    adverse health effects which have been observed in
    laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets this
    standard is associated with little to none of this
    risk and should be considered safe.
    5)
    Benzene. The United States Environmental Protection
    Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
    determined that benzene is a health concern at
    certain levels of exposure. This chemical is used
    as a solvent and degreaser of metals. It is also a
    major component of gasoline. Drinking water
    contamination generally results from leaking
    underground gasoline and petroleum tanks or improper
    waste disposal. This chemical has been associated
    with significantly increased risks of leukemia among
    certain industrial workers who were exposed to
    relatively large amounts of this chemical during

    149
    their working careers. This chemical has also been
    shown to This chemical has been shown to cause
    cancer in laboratory animals when the animals are
    exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.
    Chemicals that cause increased risk of cancer among
    exposed industrial workers and in laboratory animals
    also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who
    are exposed at lower levels over long periods of
    time. USEPA has set the enforceable drinking water
    standard for benzene at 0.005 parts per million
    (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse
    health effects which have been observed in humans
    and laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets
    this standard is associated with little to none of
    this risk and should be considered safe.
    6)
    1,1-Dichloroethylene. The United States
    Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
    drinking water standards and has determined that
    1,1-dichloroethylene is a health concern at certain
    levels of exposure. This chemical is used in
    industry and is found in drinking water as a result
    of the breakdown of related solvents. The solvents
    are used as cleaners and degreasers of metals and
    generally into drinking water by improper waste
    disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause
    liver and kidney damage in laboratory animals such
    as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at
    high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that
    cause adverse effects in laboratory animals also may
    cause adverse health effects in humans who are
    exposed at lower levels over long periods of time.
    USEPA has set the enforceable drinking water
    standard for 1,1-dichloroethylene at 0.007 parts per
    million (ppm) to reduce the risk of these adverse
    health effects which have been observed in
    laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets this
    standard is associated with little to none of this
    risk and should be considered safe.
    7)
    Para-dichlorobenzene. The United States
    Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
    drinking water standards and has determined that
    para-dichlorobenzene is a health concern at certain
    levels of exposure. This chemical is a component of
    deodorizers, moth balls and pesticides. It
    generally gets into drinking water by improper waste
    disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause
    liver and kidney damage in laboratory animals such
    as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at
    high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals which
    cause adverse effects in laboratory animals also may

    150
    cause adverse health effects in humans who are
    exposed at lower levels over long periods of time.
    USEPA has set the enforceable drinking water
    standard for para-dichlorobenzene at 0.075 parts per
    million (ppm) to reduce the risk of these adverse
    health effects which have been observed in
    laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets this
    standard is associated with little to none of this
    risk and should be considered safe.
    8)
    1,1,1-Trichloroethane. The United States
    Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
    drinking water standards and has determined that
    1,1,1-trichloroethane is a health concern at certain
    levels of exposure. This chemical is used as a
    cleaner and degreaser of metals. It generally gets
    into drinking water by improper waste disposal.
    This chemical has been shown to damage the liver,
    nervous system and circulatory system of laboratory
    animals such as rats and mice when the animals are
    exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Some
    industrial workers who were exposed to relatively
    large amounts of this chemical during their working
    careers also suffered damage to the liver, nervous
    system and circulatory system. Chemicals which
    cause adverse effects among exposed industrial
    workers and in laboratory animals also may cause
    adverse health effects in humans who are exposed at
    lower levels over long periods of time. USEPA has
    set the enforceable drinking water standard for
    1,1,1-trichloroethane at 0.2 parts per million (ppm)
    to protect against the risk of these adverse health
    effects which have been observed in laboratory
    animals. Drinking water which meets this standard
    is associated with little to none of this risk and
    should be considered safe.
    9)
    Fluoride. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    requires that we send you this notice on the level
    of fluoride in your drinking water. The drinking
    water in your community has a fluoride concentration
    of milligrams per liter (mg/L).
    Federal regulations require that fluoride, which
    occurs naturally in your water supply, not exceed a
    concentration of 4.0 mg/L in drinking water. This
    is an enforceable standard called a Maximum
    Contaminant Level (MCL), and it has been established
    to protect the public health. Exposure to drinking
    water levels above 4.0 mg/L for many years may
    result in some cases of crippling skeletal
    fluorosis, which is a serious bone disorder.

    151
    Federal law also requires that we notify you when
    monitoring indicates that the fluoride in your
    drinking water exceeds 2.0 mg/L. This is intended
    to alert families about dental problems that might
    affect children under nine years of age. The
    fluoride concentration of your water exceeds this
    federal guideline.
    Fluoride in children's drinking water at levels of
    approximately 1 mg/L reduces the number of dental
    cavities. However, some children exposed to levels
    of fluoride greater than about 2.0 mg/L may develop
    dental fluorosis. Dental fluorosis, in its moderate
    and severe forms, is a brown staining and/or pitting
    of the permanent teeth.
    Because dental fluorosis occurs only when developing
    teeth (before they erupt from the gums) are exposed
    to elevated fluoride levels, households without
    children are not expected to be affected by this
    level of fluoride. Families with children under the
    age of nine are encouraged to seek other sources of
    drinking water for their children to avoid the
    possibility of staining and pitting.
    Your water supplier can lower the concentration of
    fluoride in your water so that you will still
    receive the benefits of cavity prevention while the
    possibility of stained and pitted teeth is
    minimized. Removal of fluoride may increase your
    water costs. Treatment systems are also
    commercially available for home use. Information on
    such systems is available at the address given
    below. Low fluoride bottled drinking water that
    would meet all standards is also commercially
    available.
    For further information, contact at your
    water system.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(e)(9) and
    143.5 (1992).
    10)
    Microbiological contaminants (for use when there is
    a violation of the treatment technique requirements
    for filtration and disinfection in Subpart B of this
    Part). The United States Environmental Protection
    Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
    determined that the presence of microbiological
    contaminants are a health concern at certain levels
    of exposure. If water is inadequately treated,

    152
    microbiological contaminants in that water may cause
    disease. Disease symptoms may include diarrhea,
    cramps, nausea and possibly jaundice and any
    associated headaches and fatigue. These symptoms,
    however, are not just associated with disease-
    causing organisms in drinking water, but also may be
    caused by a number of factors other than your
    drinking water. USEPA has set enforceable
    requirements for treating drinking water to reduce
    the risk of these adverse health effects. Treatment
    such as filtering and disinfecting the water removes
    or destroys microbiological contaminants. Drinking
    water which is treated to meet USEPA requirements is
    associated with little to none of this risk and
    should be considered safe.
    11)
    Total coliforms. (To be used when there is a
    violation of Section 611.325(a) and not a violation
    of Section 611.325(b)). The United States
    Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
    drinking water standards and has determined that the
    presence of total coliforms is a possible health
    concern. Total coliforms are common in the
    environment and are generally not harmful
    themselves. The presence of these bacteria in
    drinking water, however, generally is a result of a
    problem with water treatment or the pipes which
    distribute the water and indicates that the water
    may be contaminated with organisms that can cause
    disease. Disease symptoms may include diarrhea,
    cramps, nausea and possibly jaundice, and any
    associated headaches and fatigue. These symptoms,
    however, are not just associated with disease-
    causing organisms in drinking water, but also may be
    caused by a number of factors other than your
    drinking water. USEPA has set an enforceable
    drinking water standard for total coliforms to
    reduce the risk of these adverse health effects.
    Under this standard, no more than 5.0 percent of the
    samples collected during a month can contain these
    bacteria, except that systems collecting fewer than
    40 samples/month that have one total coliform-
    positive sample per month are not violating the
    standard. Drinking water which meets this standard
    is usually not associated with a health risk from
    disease-causing bacteria and should be considered
    safe.
    12)
    Fecal Coliforms/E. coli. (To be used when there is
    a violation of Section 611.325(b) or both Section
    611.325(a) and (b)). The United States
    Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets

    153
    drinking water standards and has determined that the
    presence of fecal coliforms or E. coli is a serious
    health concern. Fecal coliforms and E. coli are
    generally not harmful themselves, but their presence
    in drinking water is serious because they usually
    are associated with sewage or animal wastes. The
    presence of these bacteria in drinking water is
    generally a result of a problem with water treatment
    or the pipes which distribute the water and
    indicates that the water may be contaminated with
    organisms that can cause disease. Disease symptoms
    may include diarrhea, cramps, nausea and possibly
    jaundice, and associated headaches and fatigue.
    These symptoms, however, are not just associated
    with disease-causing organisms in drinking water,
    but also may be caused by a number of factors other
    than your drinking water. USEPA has set an
    enforceable drinking water standard for fecal
    coliforms and E. coli to reduce the risk of these
    adverse health effects. Under this standard all
    drinking water samples must be free of these
    bacteria. Drinking water which meets this standard
    is associated with little or none of this risk and
    should be considered safe. State and local health
    authorities recommend that consumers take the
    following precautions: [To be inserted by the
    public water system, according to instruction from
    State or local authorities].
    13)
    Lead. The United States Environmental Protection
    Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
    determined that lead is a health concern at certain
    exposure levels. Materials that contain lead have
    frequently been used in the construction of water
    supply distribution systems, and plumbing systems in
    private homes and other buildings. The most
    commonly found materials include service lines,
    pipes, brass and bronze fixtures, and solders and
    fluxes. Lead in these materials can contaminate
    drinking water as a result of the corrosion that
    takes place when water comes into contact with those
    materials. Lead can cause a variety of adverse
    health effects in humans. At relatively low levels
    of exposure, these effects may include interference
    with red blood cell chemistry, delays in normal
    physical and mental development in babies and young
    children, slight deficits in the attention span,
    hearing, and learning abilities of children, and
    slight increases in the blood pressure of some
    adults. USEPA's national primary drinking water
    regulation requires all public water systems to
    optimize corrosion control to minimize lead

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    contamination resulting from the corrosion of
    plumbing materials. Public water systems serving
    50,000 people or fewer that have lead concentrations
    below 15 parts per billion (ppb) in more than 90% of
    tap water samples (the USEPA "action level") have
    optimized their corrosion control treatment. Any
    water system that exceeds the action level must also
    monitor their source water to determine whether
    treatment to remove lead in source water is needed.
    Any water system that continues to exceed the
    action level after installation of corrosion control
    and/or source water treatment must eventually
    replace all lead service lines contributing in
    excess of 15 ppb of lead to drinking water. Any
    water system that exceeds the action level must also
    undertake a public education program to inform
    consumers of ways they can reduce their exposure to
    potentially high levels of lead in drinking water.
    14)
    Copper. The United States Environmental Protection
    Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
    determined that copper is a health concern at
    certain exposure levels. Copper, a reddish-brown
    metal, is often used to plumb residential and
    commercial structures that are connected to water
    distribution systems. Copper contaminating drinking
    water as a corrosion by-product occurs as the result
    of the corrosion of copper pipes that remain in
    contact with water for a prolonged period of time.
    Copper is an essential nutrient, but at high doses
    it has been shown to cause stomach and intestinal
    distress, liver and kidney damage, and anemia.
    Persons with Wilson's disease may be at a higher
    risk of health effects due to copper than the
    general public. USEPA's national primary drinking
    water regulation requires all public water systems
    to install optimal corrosion control to minimize
    copper contamination resulting from the corrosion of
    plumbing materials. Public water systems serving
    50,000 people or fewer that have copper
    concentrations below 1.3 parts per million (ppm) in
    more than 90% of tap water samples (the USEPA
    "action level") are not required to install or
    improve their treatment. Any water system that
    exceeds the action level must also monitor their
    source water to determine whether treatment to
    remove copper in source water is needed.
    15)
    Asbestos. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that asbestos fibers
    greater than 10 micrometers in length are a health

    155
    concern at certain levels of exposure. Asbestos is
    a naturally occurring mineral. Most asbestos fibers
    in drinking water are less than 10 micrometers in
    length and occur in drinking water from natural
    sources and from corroded asbestos-cement pipes in
    the distribution system. The major uses of asbestos
    were in the production of cements, floor tiles,
    paper products, paint, and caulking; in
    transportation-related applications; and in the
    production of textiles and plastics. Asbestos was
    once a popular insulating and fire retardant
    material. Inhalation studies have shown that
    various forms of asbestos have produced lung tumors
    in laboratory animals. The available information on
    the risk of developing gastrointestinal tract cancer
    associated with the ingestion of asbestos from
    drinking water is limited. Ingestion of
    intermediate-range chrysolite asbestos fibers
    greater than 10 micrometers in length is associated
    with causing benign tumors in male rats. Chemicals
    that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may
    increase the risk of cancer in humans who are
    exposed over long periods of time. USEPA has set
    the drinking water standard for asbestos at 7
    million long fibers per liter to reduce the
    potential risk of cancer or other adverse health
    effects which have been observed in laboratory
    animals. Drinking water which meets the USEPA
    standard is associated with little to none of this
    risk and should be considered safe with respect to
    asbestos.
    16)
    Barium. The United States Environmental Protection
    Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
    determined that barium is a health concern at
    certain levels of exposure. This inorganic chemical
    occurs naturally in some aquifers that serve as
    sources of groundwater. It is also used in oil and
    gas drilling muds, automotive paints, bricks, tiles,
    and jet fuels. It generally gets into drinking
    water after dissolving from naturally occurring
    minerals in the ground. This chemical may damage
    the heart and vascular system, and is associated
    with high blood pressure in laboratory animals such
    as rats exposed to high levels during their
    lifetimes. In humans, USEPA believes that effects
    from barium on blood pressure should not occur below
    2 parts per million (ppm) in drinking water. USEPA
    has set the drinking water standard for barium at 2
    parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk
    of these adverse health effects. Drinking water
    that meets the USEPA standard is associated with

    156
    little to none of this risk and is considered safe
    with respect to barium.
    17)
    Cadmium. The United States Environmental Protection
    Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
    determined that cadmium is a health concern at
    certain levels of exposure. Food and the smoking of
    tobacco are common sources of general exposure.
    This inorganic metal is a contaminant in the metals
    used to galvanize pipe. It generally gets into
    water by corrosion of galvanized pipes or by
    improper waste disposal. This chemical has been
    shown to damage the kidney in animals such as rats
    and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels
    over their lifetimes. Some industrial workers who
    were exposed to relatively large amounts of this
    chemical during working careers also suffered damage
    to the kidney. USEPA has set the drinking water
    standard for cadmium at 0.005 parts per million
    (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse
    health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
    standard is associated with little to none of this
    risk and is considered safe with respect to cadmium.
    18)
    Chromium. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that chromium is a
    health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
    inorganic metal occurs naturally in the ground and
    is often used in the electroplating of metals. It
    generally gets into water from runoff from old
    mining operations and improper waste disposal from
    plating operations. This chemical has been shown to
    damage the kidney, nervous system, and the
    circulatory system of laboratory animals such as
    rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high
    levels. Some humans who were exposed to high levels
    of this chemical suffered liver and kidney damage,
    dermatitis and respiratory problems. USEPA has set
    the drinking water standard for chromium at 0.1
    parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk
    of these adverse health effects. Drinking water
    that meets the USEPA standard is associated with
    little to none of this risk and is considered safe
    with respect to chromium.
    19)
    Mercury. The United States Environmental Protection
    Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
    determined that mercury is a health concern at
    certain levels of exposure. This inorganic metal is
    used in electrical equipment and some water pumps.
    It usually gets into water as a result of improper

    157
    waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to
    damage the kidney of laboratory animals such as rats
    when the animals are exposed at high levels over
    their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water
    standard for mercury at 0.002 parts per million
    (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse
    health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
    standard is associated with little to none of this
    risk and is considered safe with respect to mercury.
    20)
    Nitrate. The United States Environmental Protection
    Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
    determined that nitrate poses an acute health
    concern at certain levels of exposure. Nitrate is
    used in fertilizer and is found in sewage and wastes
    from human and/or farm animals and generally gets
    into drinking water from those activities.
    Excessive levels of nitrate in drinking water have
    caused serious illness and sometimes death in
    infants under six months of age. The serious
    illness in infants is caused because nitrate is
    converted to nitrite in the body. Nitrite
    interferes with the oxygen carrying capacity of the
    child's blood. This is an acute disease in that
    symptoms can develop rapidly in infants. In most
    cases, health deteriorates over a period of days.
    Symptoms include shortness of breath and blueness of
    the skin. Clearly, expert medical advice should be
    sought immediately if these symptoms occur. The
    purpose of this notice is to encourage parents and
    other responsible parties to provide infants with an
    alternate source of drinking water. Local and State
    health authorities are the best source for
    information concerning alternate sources of drinking
    water for infants. USEPA has set the drinking water
    standard at 10 parts per million (ppm) for nitrate
    to protect against the risk of these adverse
    effects. USEPA has also set a drinking water
    standard for nitrite at 1 ppm. To allow for the
    fact that the toxicity of nitrate and nitrite are
    additive. USEPA has also established a standard for
    the sum of nitrate and nitrite at 10 ppm. Drinking
    water that meets the USEPA standard is associated
    with little to none of this risk and is considered
    safe with respect to nitrate.
    21)
    Nitrite. The United States Environmental Protection
    Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
    determined that nitrite poses an acute health
    concern at certain levels of exposure. This
    inorganic chemical is used in fertilizers and is
    found in sewage and wastes from humans and/or farm

    158
    animals and generally gets into drinking water as a
    result of those activities. While excessive levels
    of nitrite in drinking water have not been observed,
    other sources of nitrite have caused serious illness
    and sometimes death in infants under six months of
    age. The serious illness in infants is caused
    because nitrite interferes with the oxygen carrying
    capacity of the child's blood. This is an acute
    disease in that symptoms can develop rapidly.
    However, in most cases, health deteriorates over a
    period of days. Symptoms include shortness of
    breath and blueness of the skin. Clearly, expert
    medical advice should be sought immediately if these
    symptoms occur. The purpose of this notice is to
    encourage parents and other responsible parties to
    provide infants with an alternate source of drinking
    water. Local and State health authorities are the
    best source for information concerning alternate
    sources of drinking water for infants. USEPA has
    set the drinking water standard at 1 part per
    million (ppm) for nitrite to protect against the
    risk of these adverse effects. USEPA has also set a
    drinking water standard for nitrate (converted to
    nitrite in humans) at 10 ppm and for the sum of
    nitrate and nitrite at 10 ppm. Drinking water that
    meets the USEPA standard is associated with little
    to none of this risk and is considered safe with
    respect to nitrite.
    22)
    Selenium. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that selenium is a
    health concern at certain high levels of exposure.
    Selenium is also an essential nutrient at low levels
    of exposure. This inorganic chemical is found
    naturally in food and soils and is used in
    electronics, photocopy operations, the manufacture
    of glass, chemicals, drugs, and as a fungicide and a
    feed additive. In humans, exposure to high levels
    of selenium over a long period of time has resulted
    in a number of adverse health effects, including a
    loss of feeling and control in the arms and legs.
    USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
    selenium at 0.05 parts per million (ppm) to protect
    against the risk of these adverse health effects.
    Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
    associated with little to none of this risk and is
    considered safe with respect to selenium.
    23)
    Acrylamide. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that acrylamide is a

    159
    health concern at certain levels of exposure.
    Polymers made from acrylamide are sometimes used to
    treat water supplies to remove particulate
    contaminants. Acrylamide has been shown to cause
    cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice
    when the animals are exposed at high levels over
    their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
    laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
    cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
    of time. Sufficiently large doses of acrylamide are
    known to cause neurological injury. USEPA has set
    the drinking water standard for acrylamide using a
    treatment technique to reduce the risk of cancer or
    other adverse health effects which have been
    observed in laboratory animals. This treatment
    technique limits the amount of acrylamide in the
    polymer and the amount of the polymer which may be
    added to drinking water to remove particulates.
    Drinking water systems which comply with this
    treatment technique have little to no risk and are
    considered safe with respect to acrylamide.
    24)
    Alachlor. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that alachlor is a
    health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
    organic chemical is a widely used pesticide. When
    soil and climatic conditions are favorable, alachlor
    may get into drinking water by runoff into surface
    water or by leaching into groundwater. This
    chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
    laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
    animals are exposed at high levels over their
    lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory
    animals also may increase the risk of cancer in
    humans who are exposed over long periods of time.
    USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
    alachlor at 0.002 parts per million (ppm) to reduce
    the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects
    which have been observed in laboratory animals.
    Drinking water that meets this standard is
    associated with little to none of this risk and is
    considered safe with respect to alachlor.
    25)
    Aldicarb. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that aldicarb is a
    health concern at certain levels of exposure.
    Aldicarb is a widely used pesticide. Under certain
    soil and climatic conditions (e.g., sandy soil and
    high rainfall), aldicarb may leach into groundwater
    after normal agricultural applications to crops such

    160
    as potatoes or peanuts or may enter drinking water
    supplies as a result of surface runoff. This
    chemical has been shown to damage the nervous system
    in laboratory animals such as rats and dogs exposed
    to high levels. USEPA has set the drinking water
    standard for aldicarb at 0.003 parts per million
    (ppm) to reduce the risk of adverse health effects.
    Drinking water that meets this standard is
    associated with little to none of this risk and is
    considered safe with respect to aldicarb.
    26)
    Aldicarb sulfoxide. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that aldicarb sulfoxide
    is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
    Aldicarb is a widely used pesticide. Aldicarb
    sulfoxide in groundwater is primarily a breakdown
    product of aldicarb. Under certain soil and
    climatic conditions (e.g., sandy soil and high
    rainfall), aldicarb sulfoxide may leach into
    groundwater after normal agricultural applications
    to crops such as potatoes or peanuts or may enter
    drinking water supplies as a result of surface
    runoff. This chemical has been shown to damage the
    nervous system in laboratory animals such as rats
    and dogs exposed to high levels. USEPA has set the
    drinking water standard for aldicarb sulfoxide at
    0.004 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of
    adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets
    this standard is associated with little to none of
    this risk and is considered safe with respect to
    aldicarb sulfoxide.
    27)
    Aldicarb sulfone. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that aldicarb sulfone
    is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
    Aldicarb is a widely used pesticide. Aldicarb
    sulfone in groundwater is primarily a breakdown
    product of aldicarb. Under certain soil and
    climatic conditions (e.g., sandy soil and high
    rainfall), aldicarb sulfone may leach into
    groundwater after normal agricultural applications
    to crops such as potatoes or peanuts or may enter
    drinking water supplies as a result of surface
    runoff. This chemical has been shown to damage the
    nervous system in laboratory animals such as rats
    and dogs exposed to high levels. USEPA has set the
    drinking water standard for aldicarb sulfone at
    0.002 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of
    adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets
    this standard is associated with little to none of

    161
    this risk and is considered safe with respect to
    aldicarb sulfone.
    28)
    Atrazine. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that atrazine is a
    health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
    organic chemical is a herbicide. When soil and
    climatic conditions are favorable, atrazine may get
    into drinking water by runoff into surface water or
    by leaching into groundwater. This chemical has
    been shown to affect offspring of rats and the heart
    of dogs. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
    for atrazine at 0.003 parts per million (ppm) to
    protect against the risk of these adverse health
    effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
    standard is associated with little to none of this
    risk and is considered safe with respect to
    atrazine.
    29)
    Carbofuran. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that carbofuran is a
    health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
    organic chemical is a pesticide. When soil and
    climatic conditions are favorable, carbofuran may
    get into drinking water by runoff into surface water
    or by leaching into groundwater. This chemical has
    been shown to damage the nervous and reproductive
    systems of laboratory animals such as rats and mice
    exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Some
    humans who were exposed to relatively large amounts
    of this chemical during their working careers also
    suffered damage to the nervous system. Effects on
    the nervous system are generally rapidly reversible.
    USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
    carbofuran at 0.04 parts per million (ppm) to
    protect against the risk of these adverse health
    effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
    standard is associated with little to none of this
    risk and is considered safe with respect to carbo-
    furan.
    30)
    Chlordane. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that chlordane is a
    health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
    organic chemical is a pesticide used to control
    termites. Chlordane is not very mobile in soils.
    It usually gets into drinking water after
    application near water supply intakes or wells.
    This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in

    162
    laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
    animals are exposed at high levels over their
    lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
    laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
    cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
    of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
    for chlordane at 0.002 parts per million (ppm) to
    reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health
    effects which have been observed in laboratory
    animals. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
    standard is associated with little to none of this
    risk and is considered safe with respect to
    chlordane.
    31)
    Dibromochloropropane (DBCP). The United States
    Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
    drinking water standards and has determined that
    DBCP is a health concern at certain levels of
    exposure. This organic chemical was once a popular
    pesticide. When soil and climatic conditions are
    favorable, DBCP may get into drinking water by
    runoff into surface water or by leaching into
    groundwater. This chemical has been shown to cause
    cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice
    when the animals are exposed at high levels over
    their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
    laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
    cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
    of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
    for DBCP at 0.0002 parts per million (ppm) to reduce
    the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects
    which have been observed in laboratory animals.
    Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
    associated with little to none of this risk and is
    considered safe with respect to DBCP.
    32)
    o-Dichlorobenzene. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that o-dichlorobenzene
    is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
    This organic chemical is used as a solvent in the
    production of pesticides and dyes. It generally
    gets into water by improper waste disposal. This
    chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney
    and the blood cells of laboratory animals such as
    rats and mice exposed to high levels during their
    lifetimes. Some industrial workers who were exposed
    to relatively large amounts of this chemical during
    working careers also suffered damage to the liver,
    nervous system, and circulatory system. USEPA has
    set the drinking water standard for
    o-dichlorobenzene at 0.6 parts per million (ppm) to

    163
    protect against the risk of these adverse health
    effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
    standard is associated with little to none of this
    risk and is considered safe with respect to
    o-dichlorobenzene.
    33)
    cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene. The United States
    Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) establishes
    drinking water standards and has determined that
    cis-1,2-dichloroethylene is a health concern at
    certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
    is used as a solvent and intermediate in chemical
    production. It generally gets into water by
    improper waste disposal. This chemical has been
    shown to damage the liver, nervous system, and
    circulatory system of laboratory animals such as
    rats and mice when exposed at high levels over their
    lifetimes. Some humans who were exposed to
    relatively large amounts of this chemical also
    suffered damage to the nervous system. USEPA has
    set the drinking water standard for
    cis-1,2-dichloroethylene at 0.07 parts per million
    (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse
    health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
    standard is associated with little to none of this
    risk and is considered safe with respect to
    cis-1,2-dichloroethylene.
    34)
    trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene. The United States
    Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) establishes
    drinking water standards and has determined that
    trans-1,2-dichloroethylene is a health concern at
    certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is
    used as a solvent and intermediate in chemical
    production. It generally gets into water by
    improper waste disposal. This chemical has been
    shown to damage the liver, nervous system, and the
    circulatory system of laboratory animals such as
    rats and mice when exposed at high levels over their
    lifetimes. Some humans who were exposed to
    relatively large amounts of this chemical also
    suffered damage to the nervous system. USEPA has
    set the drinking water standard for
    trans-1,2-dichloroethylene at 0.1 parts per million
    (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse
    health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
    standard is associated with little to none of this
    risk and is considered safe with respect to
    trans-1,2-dichloroethylene.
    35)
    1,2-Dichloropropane. The United States
    Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets

    164
    drinking water standards and has determined that
    1,2-dichloropropane is a health concern at certain
    levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used
    as a solvent and pesticide. When soil and climatic
    conditions are favorable, 1,2-dichloropropane may
    get into drinking water by runoff into surface water
    or by leaching into groundwater. It may also get
    into drinking water through improper waste disposal.
    This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
    laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
    animals are exposed at high levels over their
    lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
    laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
    cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
    of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
    for 1,2-dichloropropane at 0.005 parts per million
    (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse
    health effects which have been observed in
    laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets the
    USEPA standard is associated with little to none of
    this risk and is considered safe with respect to
    1,2-dichloropropane.
    36)
    2,4-D. This contaminant is subject to a "additional
    State requirement". The supplier shall give the
    following notice if the level exceeds the Section
    611.311 MCL. If the level exceeds the Section
    611.310 MCL, but not that of Section 611.311, the
    supplier shall give a general notice under Section
    611.854.
    The United States Environmental Protection Agency
    (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
    determined that 2,4-D is a health concern at certain
    levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used
    as a herbicide and to control algae in reservoirs.
    When soil and climatic conditions are favorable,
    2,4-D may get into drinking water by runoff into
    surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This
    chemical has been shown to damage the liver and
    kidney of laboratory animals such as rats exposed at
    high levels during their lifetimes. Some humans who
    were exposed to relatively large amounts of this
    chemical also suffered damage to the nervous system.
    USEPA has set the drinking water standard for 2,4-D
    at 0.07 parts per million (ppm) to protect against
    the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking
    water that meets the USEPA standard is associated
    with little to none of this risk and is considered
    safe with respect to 2,4-D.
    37)
    Epichlorohydrin. The United States Environmental

    165
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that epichlorohydrin is
    a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
    Polymers made from epichlorohydrin are sometimes
    used in the treatment of water supplies as a
    flocculent to remove particulates. Epichlorohydrin
    generally gets into drinking water by improper use
    of these polymers. This chemical has been shown to
    cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and
    mice when the animals are exposed at high levels
    over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer
    in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
    cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
    of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
    for epichlorohydrin using a treatment technique to
    reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health
    effects which have been observed in laboratory
    animals. This treatment technique limits the amount
    of epichlorohydrin in the polymer and the amount of
    the polymer which may be added to drinking water as
    a flocculent to remove particulates. Drinking water
    systems which comply with this treatment technique
    have little to no risk and are considered safe with
    respect to epichlorohydrin.
    38)
    Ethylbenzene. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined ethylbenzene is a
    health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
    organic chemical is a major component of gasoline.
    It generally gets into water by improper waste
    disposal or leaking gasoline tanks. This chemical
    has been shown to damage the kidney, liver, and
    nervous system of laboratory animals such as rats
    exposed to high levels during their lifetimes.
    USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
    ethylbenzene at 0.7 parts per million (ppm) to
    protect against the risk of these adverse health
    effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
    standard is associated with little to none of this
    risk and is considered safe with respect to
    ethylbenzene.
    39)
    Ethylene dibromide (EDB). The United States
    Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
    drinking water standards and has determined that EDB
    is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
    This organic chemical was once a popular pesticide.
    When soil and climatic conditions are favorable,
    EDB may get into drinking water by runoff into
    surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This
    chemical has been shown to cause cancer in

    166
    laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
    animals are exposed at high levels over their
    lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
    laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
    cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
    of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
    for EDB at 0.00005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce
    the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects
    which have been observed in laboratory animals.
    Drinking water that meets this standard is
    associated with little to none of this risk and is
    considered safe with respect to EDB.
    40)
    Heptachlor. This contaminant is subject to a
    "additional State requirement". The supplier shall
    give the following notice if the level exceeds the
    Section 611.311 MCL. If the level exceeds the
    Section 611.310 MCL, but not that of Section
    611.311, the supplier shall give a general notice
    under Section 611.854.
    The United States Environmental Protection Agency
    (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
    determined that heptachlor is a health concern at
    certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
    was once a popular pesticide. When soil and
    climatic conditions are favorable, heptachlor may
    get into drinking water by runoff into surface water
    or by leaching into groundwater. This chemical has
    been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals
    such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed
    at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that
    cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase
    the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over
    long periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking
    water standards for heptachlor at 0.0004 parts per
    million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other
    adverse health effects which have been observed in
    laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets this
    standard is associated with little to none of this
    risk and is considered safe with respect to
    heptachlor.
    41)
    Heptachlor epoxide. This contaminant is subject to
    a "additional State requirement". The supplier
    shall give the following notice if the level exceeds
    the Section 611.311 MCL. If the level exceeds the
    Section 611.310 MCL, but not that of Section
    611.311, the supplier shall give a general notice
    under Section 611.854.
    The United States Environmental Protection Agency

    167
    (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
    determined that heptachlor epoxide is a health
    concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic
    chemical was once a popular pesticide. When soil
    and climatic conditions are favorable, heptachlor
    epoxide may get into drinking water by runoff into
    surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This
    chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
    laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
    animals are exposed at high levels over their
    lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
    laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
    cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
    of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standards
    for heptachlor epoxide at 0.0002 parts per million
    (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse
    health effects which have been observed in
    laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets this
    standard is associated with little to none of this
    risk and is considered safe with respect to
    heptachlor epoxide.
    42)
    Lindane. The United States Environmental Protection
    Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
    determined that lindane is a health concern at
    certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
    is used as a pesticide. When soil and climatic
    conditions are favorable, lindane may get into
    drinking water by runoff into surface water or by
    leaching into groundwater. This chemical has been
    shown to damage the liver, kidney, nervous system,
    and immune system of laboratory animals such as
    rats, mice and dogs exposed at high levels during
    their lifetimes. Some humans who were exposed to
    relatively large amounts of this chemical also
    suffered damage to the nervous system and
    circulatory system. USEPA has established the
    drinking water standard for lindane at 0.0002 parts
    per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of
    these adverse health effects. Drinking water that
    meets the USEPA standard is associated with little
    to none of this risk and is considered safe with
    respect to lindane.
    43)
    Methoxychlor. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that methoxychlor is a
    health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
    organic chemical is used as a pesticide. When soil
    and climatic conditions are favorable, methoxychlor
    may get into drinking water by runoff into surface
    water or by leaching into groundwater. This

    168
    chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney,
    nervous system, and reproductive system of
    laboratory animals such as rats exposed at high
    levels during their lifetimes. It has also been
    shown to produce growth retardation in rats. USEPA
    has set the drinking water standard for methoxychlor
    at 0.04 parts per million (ppm) to protect against
    the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking
    water that meets the USEPA standard is associated
    with little to none of this risk and is considered
    safe with respect to methoxychlor.
    44)
    Monochlorobenzene. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that monochlorobenzene
    is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
    This organic chemical is used as a solvent. It
    generally gets into water by improper waste
    disposal. This chemical has been shown to damage
    the liver, kidney and nervous system of laboratory
    animals such as rats and mice exposed to high levels
    during their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking
    water standard for monochlorobenzene at 0.1 parts
    per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of
    these adverse health effects. Drinking water that
    meets the USEPA standard is associated with little
    to none of this risk and is considered safe with
    respect to monochlorobenzene.
    45)
    Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The United States
    Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
    drinking water standards and has determined that
    polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a health
    concern at certain levels of exposure. These
    organic chemicals were once widely used in
    electrical transformers and other industrial
    equipment. They generally get into drinking water
    by improper waste disposal or leaking electrical
    industrial equipment. This chemical has been shown
    to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats
    and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels
    over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer
    in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
    cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
    of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
    for PCBs at 0.0005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce
    the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects
    which have been observed in laboratory animals.
    Drinking water that meets this standard is
    associated with little to none of this risk and is
    considered safe with respect to PCBs.

    169
    46)
    Pentachlorophenol. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that pentachlorophenol
    is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
    This organic chemical is widely used as a wood
    preservative, herbicide, disinfectant, and
    defoliant. It generally gets into drinking water by
    runoff into surface water or leaching into
    groundwater. This chemical has been shown to
    produce adverse reproductive effects and to damage
    the liver and kidneys of laboratory animals such as
    rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high
    levels over their lifetimes. Some humans who were
    exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical
    also suffered damage to the liver and kidneys. This
    chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
    laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
    animals are exposed at high levels over their
    lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
    laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
    cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
    of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
    for pentachlorophenol at 0.001 parts per million
    (ppm) to reduce the risk of adverse health effects.
    Drinking water that meets this standard is
    associated with little to none of this risk and is
    considered safe with respect to pentachlorophenol.
    47)
    Styrene. The United States Environmental Protection
    Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
    determined that styrene is a health concern at
    certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
    is commonly used to make plastics and is sometimes a
    component of resins used for drinking water
    treatment. Styrene may get into drinking water from
    improper waste disposal. This chemical has been
    shown to damage the liver and nervous system in
    laboratory animals when exposed at high levels
    during their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking
    water standard for styrene at 0.1 parts per million
    (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse
    health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
    standard is associated with little to none of this
    risk and is considered safe with respect to styrene.
    48)
    Tetrachloroethylene. The United States
    Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
    drinking water standards and has determined that
    tetrachloroethylene is a health concern at certain
    levels of exposure. This organic chemical has been
    a popular solvent, particularly for dry cleaning.
    It generally gets into drinking water by improper

    170
    waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to
    cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and
    mice when the animals are exposed at high levels
    over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
    laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
    cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
    of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
    for tetrachloroethylene at 0.005 parts per million
    (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse
    health effects which have been observed in
    laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets this
    standard is associated with little to none of this
    risk and is considered safe with respect to
    tetrachloroethylene.
    49)
    Toluene. The United States Environmental Protection
    Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
    determined that toluene is a health concern at
    certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
    is used as a solvent and in the manufacture of
    gasoline for airplanes. It generally gets into water
    by improper waste disposal or leaking underground
    storage tanks. This chemical has been shown to
    damage the kidney, nervous system, and circulatory
    system of laboratory animals such as rats and mice
    exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. Some
    industrial workers who were exposed to relatively
    large amounts of this chemical during working
    careers also suffered damage to the liver, kidney
    and nervous system. USEPA has set the drinking
    water standard for toluene at 1 part per million
    (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse
    health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
    standard is associated with little to none of this
    risk and is considered safe with respect to toluene.
    50)
    Toxaphene. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that toxaphene is a
    health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
    organic chemical was once a pesticide widely used on
    cotton, corn, soybeans, pineapples and other crops.
    When soil and climatic conditions are favorable,
    toxaphene may get into drinking water by runoff into
    surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This
    chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
    laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
    animals are exposed at high levels over their
    lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory
    animals also may increase the risk of cancer in
    humans who are exposed over long periods of time.
    USEPA has set the drinking water standard for

    171
    toxaphene at 0.003 parts per million (ppm) to reduce
    the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects
    which have been observed in laboratory animals.
    Drinking water that meets this standard is
    associated with little to none of this risk and is
    considered safe with respect to toxaphene.
    51)
    2,4,5-TP. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that 2,4,5-TP is a
    health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
    organic chemical is used as a herbicide. When soil
    and climatic conditions are favorable, 2,4,5-TP may
    get into drinking water by runoff into surface water
    or by leaching into groundwater. This chemical has
    been shown to damage the liver and kidney of
    laboratory animals such as rats and dogs exposed to
    high levels during their lifetimes. Some industrial
    workers who were exposed to relatively large amounts
    of this chemical during working careers also
    suffered damage to the nervous system. USEPA has
    set the drinking water standard for 2,4,5-TP at 0.05
    parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk
    of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that
    meets the USEPA standard is associated with little
    to none of this risk and is considered safe with
    respect to 2,4,5-TP.
    52)
    Xylenes. The United States Environmental Protection
    Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
    determined that xylene is a health concern at
    certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
    is used in the manufacture of gasoline for airplanes
    and as a solvent for pesticides, and as a cleaner
    and degreaser of metals. It usually gets into water
    by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been
    shown to damage the liver, kidney and nervous system
    of laboratory animals such as rats and dogs exposed
    to high levels during their lifetimes. Some humans
    who were exposed to relatively large amounts of this
    chemical also suffered damage to the nervous system.
    USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
    xylene at 10 parts per million (ppm) to protect
    against the risk of these adverse health effects.
    Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
    associated with little to none of this risk and is
    considered safe with respect to xylene.
    53)
    Antimony. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that antimony is a
    health concern at certain levels of exposure. This

    172
    inorganic chemical occurs naturally in soils, ground
    water, and surface water and is often used in the
    flame retardant industry. It is also used in
    ceramics and glass, batteries, fireworks, and
    explosives. It may get into drinking water through
    natural weathering of rock, industrial production,
    municipal waste disposal, or manufacturing
    processes. This chemical has been shown to decrease
    longevity, and altered blood levels of cholesterol
    and glucose in laboratory animals such as rats
    exposed to high levels during their lifetimes.
    USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
    antimony at 0.006 parts per million (ppm) to protect
    against the risk of these adverse health effects.
    Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
    associated with little to none of this risk and is
    considered safe with respect to antimony.
    54)
    Beryllium. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that beryllium is a
    health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
    inorganic chemical occurs naturally in soils, ground
    water, and surface water and is often used in
    electrical equipment and electrical components. It
    generally gets into water from runoff from mining
    operations, discharge from processing plants, and
    improper waste disposal. Beryllium compounds have
    been associated with damage to the bones and lungs
    and induction of cancer in laboratory animals such
    as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to
    high levels during their lifetimes. There is
    limited evidence to suggest that beryllium may pose
    a cancer risk via drinking water exposure.
    Therefore, USEPA based the health assessment on
    noncancer effects with and extra uncertainty factor
    to account for possible carcinogenicity. Chemicals
    that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may
    increase the risk of cancer in humans who are
    exposed over long periods of time. USEPA has set
    the drinking water standard for beryllium at 0.004
    parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk
    of these adverse health effects. Drinking water
    that meets the USEPA standard is associated with
    little to none of this risk and is considered safe
    with respect to beryllium.
    56)
    Cyanide. The United States Environmental Protection
    Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
    determined that cyanide is a health concern at
    certain levels of exposure. This inorganic chemical
    is used in electroplating, steel processing,

    173
    plastics, synthetic fabrics, and fertilizer
    products. It usually gets into water as a result of
    improper waste disposal. This chemical has been
    shown to damage the spleen, brain, and liver of
    humans fatally poisoned with cyanide. USEPA has set
    the drinking water standard for cyanide at 0.2 parts
    per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of
    these adverse health effects. Drinking water that
    meets the USEPA standard is associated with little
    to none of this risk and is considered safe with
    respect to cyanide.
    56)
    Nickel. The United States Environmental Protection
    Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
    determined that nickel is a health concern at
    certain levels of exposure. This inorganic chemical
    occurs naturally in soils, ground water, and surface
    water and is often used in electroplating, stainless
    steel, and alloy products. It generally gets into
    water from mining and refining operations. This
    chemical has been shown to damage the heart and
    liver in laboratory animals when the animals are
    exposed to high levels over their lifetimes. USEPA
    has set the drinking water standard at 0.1 parts per
    million (ppm) for nickel to protect against the risk
    of these adverse health effects. Drinking water
    that meets the USEPA standard is associated with
    little to none of this risk and is considered safe
    with respect to nickel.
    57)
    Thallium. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that thallium is a
    health concern at certain high levels of exposure.
    This inorganic chemical occurs naturally in soils,
    ground water, and surface water and is used in
    electronics, pharmaceuticals, and the manufacture of
    glass and alloys. This chemical has been shown to
    damage the kidney, liver, brain, and intestines of
    laboratory animals when the animals are exposed to
    high levels during their lifetimes. USEPA has set
    the drinking water standard for thallium at 0.002
    parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk
    of these adverse health effects. Drinking water
    that meets the USEPA standard is associated with
    little to none of this risk and is considered safe
    with respect to thallium.
    58)
    Benzo(a)pyrene. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that benzo(a)pyrene is
    a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

    174
    Cigarette smoke and charbroiled meats are common
    sources of general exposure. The major source of
    benzo(a)pyrene in drinking water is the leaching
    from coal tar lining and sealants in water storage
    tanks. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer
    in animals such as rats and mice when the animals
    are exposed to high levels. USEPA has set the
    drinking water standard for benzo(a)pyrene at 0.0002
    parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk
    of cancer. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
    standard is associated with little to none of this
    risk and is considered safe with respect to benzo-
    (a)pyrene.
    59)
    Dalapon. The United States Environmental Protection
    Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
    determined that dalapon is a health concern at
    certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
    is a widely used herbicide. It may get into
    drinking water after application to control grasses
    in crops, drainage ditches, and along railroads.
    This chemical has been associated with damage to the
    kidney and liver in laboratory animals when the
    animals are exposed to high levels during their
    lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water
    standard for dalapon at 0.2 parts per million (ppm)
    to protect against the risk of these adverse health
    effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
    standard is associated with little to none of this
    risk and is considered safe with respect to dalapon.
    60)
    Dichloromethane. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that dichloromethane
    (methylene chloride) is a health concern at certain
    levels of exposure. This organic chemical is a
    widely used solvent. It is used in the manufacture
    of paint remover, as a metal degreaser, and as an
    aerosol propellant. It generally gets into water
    after improper discharge of waste disposal. This
    chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
    laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
    animals are exposed to high levels during their
    lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
    laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
    cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
    of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
    for dichloromethane at 0.005 parts per million (ppm)
    to protect against the risk of cancer or other
    adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets
    the USEPA standard is associated with little to none
    of this risk and is considered safe with respect to

    175
    dichloromethane.
    61)
    Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate. The United States
    Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
    drinking water standards and has determined that di-
    (2-ethylhexyl)adipate is a health concern at certain
    levels of exposure. Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate is a
    widely used plasticizer in a variety of products,
    including synthetic rubber, food packaging
    materials, and cosmetics. It may get into drinking
    water after improper waste disposal. This chemical
    has been shown to damage the liver and testes in
    laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
    animals are exposed to high levels. USEPA has set
    the drinking water standard for di(2-ethylhexyl)-
    adipate at 0.4 parts per million (ppm) to protect
    against the risk of adverse health effects that have
    been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water
    that meets the USEPA standard is associated with
    little to none of this risk and is considered safe
    with respect to di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate.
    62)
    Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. The United States
    Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
    drinking water standards and has determined that di-
    (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate is a health concern at
    certain levels of exposure. Di(2-ethylhexyl)-
    phthalate is a widely used plasticizer, which is
    primarily used in the production of polyvinyl
    chloride (PVC) resins. It may get into drinking
    water after improper waste disposal. This chemical
    has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals
    such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed
    to high levels during their lifetimes. USEPA has
    set the drinking water standard for di(2-ethyl-
    hexyl)phthalate at 0.004 parts per million (ppm) to
    protect against the risk of cancer or other adverse
    health effects which have been abserved in
    laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets the
    USEPA standard is associated with little to none of
    this risk and is considered safe with respect to di-
    (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.
    63)
    Dinoseb. The United States Environmental Protection
    Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
    determined that dinoseb is a health concern at
    certain levels of exposure. Dinoseb is a widely
    used pesticide and generally gets into water after
    application on orchards, vineyards, and other crops.
    This chemical has been shown to damage the thyroid
    and reproductive organs in laboratory animals such
    as rats exposed to high levels. USEPA has set the

    176
    drinking water standard for dinoseb at 0.007 parts
    per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of
    these adverse health effects. Drinking water that
    meets the USEPA standard is associated with little
    to none of this risk and is considered safe with
    respect to dinoseb.
    64)
    Diquat. The United States Environmental Protection
    Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
    determined that diquat is a health concern at
    certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
    is a herbicide used to control terrestrial and
    aquatic weeds. It may get into drinking water by
    runoff into surface water. This chemical has been
    shown to damage the liver, kidney, and
    gastrointestinal tract and causes cataract formation
    in laboratory animals such as dogs and rats exposed
    at high levels over their lifetimes. USEPA has set
    the drinking water standard for diquat at 0.02 parts
    per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of
    these adverse health effects. Drinking water that
    meets the USEPA standard is associated with little
    to none of this risk and is considered safe with
    respect to diquat.
    65)
    Endothall. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that endothall is a
    health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
    organic chemical is a herbicide used to control
    terrestrial and aquatic weeds. It may get into
    drinking water by runoff into surface water. This
    chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney,
    gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive system of
    laboratory animals such as rats and mice exposed at
    high levels over their lifetimes. USEPA has set the
    drinking water standard for endothall at 0.1 parts
    per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of
    these adverse health effects. Drinking water that
    meets the USEPA standard is associated with little
    to none of this risk and is considered safe with
    respect to endothall.
    66)
    Endrin. The United States Environmental Protection
    Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
    determined that endrin is a health concern at
    certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
    is a pesticide no longer registered for use in the
    United States. However, this pesticide is
    persistent in treated soils and accumulates in
    sediments and aquatic and terrestrial biota. This
    chemical has been shown to cause damage to the

    177
    liver, kidney, and heart in laboratory animals such
    as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to
    high levels during their lifetimes. USEPA has set
    the drinking water standard for endrin at 0.002
    parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk
    of these adverse health effects that have been
    observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that
    meets the USEPA standard is associated with little
    to none of this risk and is considered safe with
    respect to endrin.
    67)
    Glyphosate. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that glyphosate is a
    health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
    organic chemical is a herbicide used to control
    grasses and weeds. It may get into drinking water
    by runoff into surface water. This chemical has
    been shown to cause damage to the liver and kidneys
    in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
    animals are exposed to high levels during their
    lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water
    standard for glyphosate at 0.7 parts per million
    (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse
    health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
    standard is associated with little to none of this
    risk and is considered safe with respect to
    glyphosate.
    68)
    Hexachlorobenzene. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that hexachlorobenzene
    is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
    This organic chemical is produced as an impurity in
    the manufacture of certain solvents and pesticides.
    This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
    laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
    animals are exposed to high levels during their
    lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
    laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
    cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
    of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
    for hexachlorobenzene at 0.001 parts per million
    (ppm) to protect against the risk of cancer and
    other adverse health effects. Drinking water that
    meets the USEPA standard is associated with little
    to none of this risk and is considered safe with
    respect to hexachlorobenzene.
    69)
    Hexachlorocyclopentadiene. The United States
    Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
    drinking water standards and has determined that

    178
    hexachlorocyclopentadiene is a health concern at
    certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
    is a used as an intermediate in the manufacture of
    pesticides and flame retardants. It may get into
    water by discharge from production facilities. This
    chemical has been shown to damage the kidney and the
    stomach of laboratory animals when exposed to high
    levels during their lifetimes. USEPA has set the
    drinking water standard for hexachlorocyclopenta-
    diene at 0.05 parts per million (ppm) to protect
    against the risk of these adverse health effects.
    Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
    associated with little to none of this risk and is
    considered safe with respect to hexachlorocyclope-
    ntadiene.
    70)
    Oxamyl. The United States Environmental Protection
    Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
    determined that oxamyl is a health concern at
    certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
    is used as a pesticide for the control of insects
    and other pests. It may get into drinking water by
    runoff into surface water or leaching into ground
    water. This chemical has been shown to damage the
    kidneys of laboratory animals such as rats when
    exposed at high levels during their lifetimes.
    USEPA has set the drinking water standard for oxamyl
    at 0.2 parts per million (ppm) to protect against
    the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking
    water that meets the USEPA standard is associated
    with little to none of this risk and is considered
    safe with respect to oxamyl.
    71)
    Picloram. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that picloram is a
    health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
    organic chemical is used as a pesticide for
    broadleaf weed control. It may get into drinking
    water by runoff into surface water or leaching into
    groundwater as a result of pesticide application and
    improper waste disposal. This chemical has been
    shown to cause damage to the kidneys and liver in
    laboratory animals such as rats when the animals are
    exposed to high levels during their lifetimes.
    USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
    picloram at 0.5 parts per million (ppm) to protect
    against the risk of these adverse health effects.
    Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
    associated with little to none of this risk and is
    considered safe with respect to picloram.

    179
    72)
    Simazine. The United States Environmental
    Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
    standards and has determined that simazine is a
    health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
    organic chemical is a herbicide used to control
    annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. It may leach
    into groundwater or run off into surface water after
    application. This chemical may cause cancer in
    laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
    animals are exposed to high levels during their
    lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
    laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
    cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
    of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
    for simazine at 0.004 parts per million (ppm) to
    reduce the risk of cancer or adverse health effects.
    Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
    associated with little to none of this risk and is
    considered safe with respect to simazine.
    73)
    1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene. The United States
    Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
    drinking water standards and has determined that
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene is a health concern at
    certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
    is used as a dye carrier and as a precursor in
    herbicide manufacture. It generally gets into
    drinking water by discharges from industrial
    activities. This chemical has been shown to cause
    damage to several organs, including the adrenal
    glands. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
    for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at 0.07 parts per million
    (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse
    health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
    standard is associated with little to none of this
    risk and is considered safe with respect to
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene.
    74)
    1,1,2-Trichloroethane. The United States
    Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
    drinking water standards and has determined that
    1,1,2-trichloroethane is a health concern at certain
    levels of exposure. This organic chemical is an
    intermediate in the production of 1,1-dichloro-
    ethylene. It generally gets into water by
    industrial discharge of wastes. This chemical has
    been shown to damage the kidney and liver of
    laboratory animals such as rats exposed to high
    levels during their lifetimes. USEPA has set the
    drinking water standard for 1,1,2-trichloroethane at
    0.005 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the
    risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking

    180
    water that meets the USEPA standard is associated
    with little to none of this risk and is considered
    safe with respect to 1,1,2-trichloroethane.
    75)
    2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin). The United States
    Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
    drinking water standards and has determined that
    dioxin is a health concern at certain levels of
    exposure. This organic chemical is an impurity in
    the production of some pesticides. It may get into
    drinking water by industrial discharge of wastes.
    This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
    laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
    animals are exposed to high levels during their
    lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
    laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
    cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
    of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
    for dioxin at 0.00000003 parts per million (ppm) to
    protect against the risk of cancer or other adverse
    health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
    standard is associated with little to none of this
    risk and is considered safe with respect to dioxin.
    BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(e) (1992),
    as amended at 57 Fed. Reg. 31843 (July 17, 1992).
    (Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    )
    Section 611.Table Z Federal Effective Dates
    The following are the effective dates of the federal MCLs:
    Fluoride (40 CFR 141.60(b)(1))
    October 2, 1987
    (corresponding with Section 611.301(b))
    Phase I VOCs (40 CFR 141.60(a)(1))
    July 9, 1989
    (corresponding with Section 611.311(a))
    (benzene, carbon tetrachloride, p-dichlorobenzene.,
    1,2-Dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethylene, 1,1,1-tri-
    chloroethane, trichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride)
    Lead and Copper (40 CFR, Subpart I)
    July 7, 1991
    (corresponding with Subpart G of this Part)
    (lead and copper monitoring, reporting, and
    recordskeeping requirements of 40 CFR 141.86 through
    141.91)
    Phase II IOCs (40 CFR 141.60(b)(2))
    July 30, 1992
    (corresponding with Section 611.301(b))
    (asbestos, cadmium, chromium, mercury, nitrate,

    181
    nitrite, and selenium)
    Phase II VOCs (40 CFR 141.60(a)(2))
    July 30, 1992
    (corresponding with Section 611.311(a))
    (o-dichlorobenzene, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, trans-
    1,2-dichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloropropane, ethyl-
    benzene, monochlorobenzene, styrene, tetrachloro-
    ethylene, toluene, and xylenes (total))
    Phase II SOCs (40 CFR 141.60(a)(2))
    July 30, 1992
    (corresponding with Section 611.311(c))
    (alachlor, atrazine, carbofuran, chlordane, dibromo-
    chloropropane, ethylene dibromide, heptachlor,
    heptachlor epoxide, lindane, methoxychlor, poly-
    chlorinated biphenyls, toxaphene, 2,4-D, and 2,4,5-
    TP (Silvex))
    Lead and Copper (40 CFR, Subpart I)
    December 7, 1992
    (corresponding with Subpart G of this Part)
    (lead and copper corrosion control, water treatment,
    public education, and lead service line replacement
    requirements of 40 CFR 141.81 through 141.85)
    Phase IIB IOC (40 CFR 141.60(b)(2))
    January 1, 1993
    (corresponding with Section 611.301(b))
    (barium)
    Phase IIB SOCs (40 CFR 141.60(a)(2))
    January 1, 1993
    (corresponding with Section 611.311(c))
    (aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, aldicarb sulfoxide, and
    pentachlorophenol; USEPA stayed the effective date
    as to the MCLs for aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, and
    aldicarb sulfoxide, but the monitoring requirements
    became effective January 1, 1993)
    Phase V IOCs (40 CFR 141.60(b)(3))
    January 17, 1994
    (corresponding with Section 611.301(b))
    (antimony, beryllium, cyanide, nickel, and thallium)
    Phase V VOCs (40 CFR 141.60(a)(3))
    January 17, 1994
    (corresponding with Section 611.311(a))
    (dichloromethane, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and 1,1,2-
    trichloroethane)
    Phase V SOCs (40 CFR 141.60(a)(3))
    January 17, 1994
    (corresponding with Section 611.311(c))
    (benzo[a]pyrene, dalapon, di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate,
    di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate dinoseb, diquat,
    endothall, endrin, glyphosate, hexachlorobenzene,
    hexachlorocyclopentadiene, oxamyl, picloram,
    simazine, and 2,3,7,8-TCDD)

    182
    (Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
    )

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