ILLINOIS POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

May 5,

1994

IN THE MATTER OF:

)

SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT

)

 R94-4

UPDATE, U.S.

 EPA REGULATIONS

)

 (Identical-in-Substance Rules)

(7/1/93

—

 12/31/93)

)

Proposal for Public Comment.

PROPOSED OPINION

AND

ORDER OF THE BOARD

 (by R.C.

 Flemal):

SUIIMARY OF TODAY’S ACTION

Pursuant to Section 17.5 of the Environmental Protection Act

(Act), the Board today proposes to update its regulations that

are identical in substance to U.S. EPA regulations implementing

the Safe Drinking Water Act

 (SDWA).

 The Board rules are

contained in 35 Ill.

 Adin.

 Code 611.

 The text of the proposed

rules appears in the order segment of this document.

Section 17.5 of the Act provides for quick adoption of

regulations that are “identical in substance” to federal

regulations; Section 17.5 provides that Title VII of the Act and

Section 5 of the Illinois Administrative Procedure Act

 (APA)

shall not apply.

 Because this rulemaking is not subject to

Section 5 of the APA

 (5 ILCS 100/5—1 et seq.),

 it is not subject

to first notice or to second notice review by the Joint Committee

on Administrative Rules

 (JCAR).

As discussed more fully below, this rulemaking involves

revisions to the Illinois SDWA rules, as originally adopted

August

9,

 1990,

 in docket R88—26

 (effective September 20,

 1990),

and subsequently amended.

 It includes the federal amendments

made by U.S. EPA during the period July 1 through December 31,

1993.

 It also includes a small number of minor corrections to

the text of the rules as amended in the Phase II amendments on

November 19,

 1992 in R9l—3.

F~EDERAL

ACTIONS COVERED BY THIS RULEMAKING

The SDWA program was drawn from 40 CFR 141

 (national primary

drinking water regulations or NPDWRs), 40 CFR 142

 (NPDWRs

implementation),

 and 40 CFR 143

 (national secondary drinking

water regulations or NSDWRs).

 The nominal update period of this

docket is from July 1,

 1993 through December 31,

 1993.

 During

that time,

 U.S. EPA amended the regulations on August 3,

 1993 to

add two new analytical procedures for total trihalomethanes,

a

chemical contaminant.

 No other federal actions occurred during

this time-frame.

 The only federal action during the period of

this docket was as follows:

2

58 Fed.

 Reg. 41344

 Aug.

3,

1993

 (Total trihaloinethanes

 analytical procedures)

The Board also uses this opportunity to make a substantive

correction to the text of the rules.

 This correction, more fully

discussed below,

 is to the Phase II rules adopted in docket R91-

3.

 The Board makes this correction to aid the Agency in the U.S.

EPA approval process for the Illinois SDWA program.

PUBLIC COMMENTS

The Board requests public comments on this proposal.

The

Board will receive comments for 45 days after a Notice of

Proposed Amendments appears in the Illinois Rec~ister. The Board

will then act promptly to adopt amendments based on the federal

amendments involved in this docket.

Interested persons should address their comments to the

Clerk of the Board.

 They should provide one original and nine

copies and reference docket number R94—4

 on the front of each

copy.

 Direct all questions to Michael J. McCambridge,

 at 312-

814—6924.

To date, the Board has received one public comment in this

matter:

PC 1 Illinois EPA

 (April 29,

 1994, by Stephen C.

 Ewart,

Deputy Counsel)

The Agency by PC

 1 suggests a number of minor editorial

corrections to the text of the regulations.

 Those corrections

are discussed below.

ROUTINE DISCUSSIONS

At the end of the opinion segment of this document are two

routine discussions generally made a part of identical—in—

substance opinions.

 The first is a summary of the history of the

Illinois SDWA identical-in-substance proceedings.

 The second is

a summary of some of the conventions the Board uses in deriving

identical—in—substance rules.

 We present those discussions for

general informational purposes.

DISCUSSION OF PRESENT AMENDMENTS

This update concerns U.S. EPA’S addition of two new

analytical procedures for testing the total trihalomethanes

content of drinking water on August

3,

 1993.

 The new methods are

Method 502.2,

 “Volatile Organic Compounds in Water by Purge and

Trap Capillary Gas Chromatography with Photoionization and

Electrolytic Conductivity Detector in Series”, and Method 524.2,

“Volatile Organic Chemicals in Water by Purge and Trap Capillary

3

Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroinetry”.

 Both are found in the

federal publication,

 “Methods for Determination of Organic

Compounds in Drinking Water”.

 In adopting the two new methods,

U.S. EPA stated that it encourages the use of these new methods

because it intends to eliminate technical support for the older

packed column methods, Methods 501.1, 501.2,

 and 501.3.

 This

means that U.S. EPA will eventually not even provide copies of

those methods upon request, although it will continue to accept

data obtained through their use.

The Board proposes amendments to Sections 611.102 and

 611.685 in response to these federal actions.

 We follow the

federal regulatory text with only minimal deviation.

Section 611.685 derives from 40 CFR 141.30(e), which U.S.

EPA amended at 58 Fed.

 Reg.

41345

 (Aug.

 3, 1993).

 U.S. EPA added

paragraphs

 (e) (3) and

 (e) (4) and two new sentences to the

beginning of the text that formerly followed paragraphs

 (e) (1)

and

 (e) (2).

 New paragraphs

 (e) (3) and

 (e) (4) authorize the use

of methods 502.2 and 524.2, respectively.

 The first new sentence

states that the older purge trap methods, methods 501.1 and

501.2,

 are set forth in appendix C to subpart C of part 141.

The

Board has referenced the federal appendix, which is already

incorporated by reference in Section 611.102.

 The second new

paragraph states that the two new methods, methods 502.2 and

524.2,

 are available from the National Technical Information

Service (NTIS).

 The Board did not need to use the second

sentence because Section 611.102(b)

 already gives that

information with the incorporation by reference of the source

of

these methods.

 The Board has already given that reference the

short name “U.S. EPA Organic Methods” in Section 611.102(a).

Therefore,

 in new subsections

 (c) and

 (d) we substituted our

short name for the full name in Section 611.685.

 Finally, we

updated the end Board Note in Section 611.685 to refer to the

1993 Code of Federal Regulations.

Section 611.102

 is the central listing of incorporations by

reference.

 Amendment of the incorporations by reference was

necessary as a result of the federal action.

 First,

 U.S. EPA has

hitherto used the December,

 1988 revision of the reference

“Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water” for the

purposes of analyses under 40 CFR 141.24(f) and

(h)

 (VOC5 and

SOC5).

 It references an even older,

 September,

 1986, version for

the purposes of 40 CFR 141.24(g)

 (Phase

 I VOC5).

 Therefore, the

July,

 1991 edition now cited for the purposes of the two new TTHM

methods is new.

 This meant that we added the newer edition to

our listing of incorporations by reference in subsection

(b)

and

added it to our definition of “U.S. EPA Organic Methods” in

subsection

 (a).

 In both locations, the Board has a listing of

the limitations as to which methods from each of the three

editions may be used for what purposes.

4

The Board has also made a small number of routine amendments

to Section 611.102 that are not directly prompted by the federal

action.

 We have recently initiated the practice of referring to

the United States Environmental Protection Agency as “U.S. EPA”,

 rather than as USEPA or EPA.

 We believe that this is most

readily understood.

 Therefore,

 for each of the definitions in

subsection

 (a) that refers to “USEPA

.“,

 we added a parallel

reference to “U.S.

EPA

.“,

 to begin the process of ultimately

replacing all the older references.

 Second, the Board corrected

the misspelling of “absorption” in the reference to ASTM method

D3859—84A.

 Finally, we updated the references to the Code of

Federal Regulations in subsection

 (c) to the recently released

1993 edition.

CORRECTIONS TO

THE

 PHASE II RULES

The Board is using this opportunity to make a small number

of amendments to the Phase II regulations adopted in R91-3

in

November,

 1992.

 These are all corrections suggested by the

Agency to aid U.S. EPA review of our rules.

The Agency suggested a number of minor editorial corrections

by PC

1.

 Those corrections are summarized as follows:

Location

 Agency Su~gestion

 Board Action

611.101 “old

 change second

 done as suggested, plus use

NCL” Board Note

 “that” to “the”

 of “E” in formula

in

“inactivation ratio”

611.102(b)

 remove “of”

 done as suggested

“Methods for

Chemical Analy-

sis of Water

and Wastes”

611.212(f) (1)

 change “Or” to

 done as suggested, with

“or”

 similar changes at subsec-

tions

 (b) (3)

and

 (d) (2),

with repunctuation of

subsections

 (b),

(d)

&

(f)

611.356(d) (1)

 change reference

 done opposite of as suggest-

to “Table F”

 ed; changed reference to

“Table E”

611.356(d) (4)

 correct misspell—

 done as suggested

(D)

 ing of “highest”

611.532 (a)

 correct misspell—

 done as suggested,

 plus

ing of “coliform”

 change to superscript nota-

tion and

“s”

 in formulae in

5

subsections

(c),

 (d)(1)(A),

(d) (1) (B) (i)

&

(d) (1) (B) (ii)

611.602(i) (3)

 correct misspell-

 done as suggested

ing of “consis-

tently”

611.607

 correct misspell-

 done as suggested

ing of “structur-

al”

611.856

 add “in”

 done as suggested

611.Appendix A

 delete duplicated

 done as suggested

(5)

 (benzene)

 language

611.Appendix A

 add “get”

 done as suggested

¶(6)

 (1,1—di—

chioroethylene)

The Board will make each of the corrections because they are

identical

 in substance to the federal regulations.

Minimum IOC Monitoring for a SEP—-Section 611.603

An amendment to Section 611.603

 is a correction to the text

of the rules as amended in R91-3.

 R91-3 contained the federal

Phase II rules.

 Section 611.603 derives from 40 CFR 141.23(c),

and it pertains to the monitoring frequency for the Phase II

inorganic chemical contaminants

 (lOCs).

 Subsection

(d)

 allows

the Agency to grant a special exception permit

 (SEP)

 on the basis

of three rounds of monitoring indicating that the ICC level

is

below the maximum contaminant level

 (MCL) at the individual

sampling point.

The Agency is in the process of seeking federal

authorization for the Illinois Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V

rules from U.S. EPA (including dockets R91—2,

 R92-3,

 and R93-l).

In the course of compiling the necessary paperwork for submittal

to U.S. EPA, the Agency questioned where certain federal language

from 40 CFR 141.23(c) (4) appeared in the Board’s regulations.

Examination of the texts has induced the Board to add the federal

language at this time,

 even though we believe the language is

implicit to the regulations as they exist.

Section 611.603(a)

 requires a supplier to sample for each of

the bC contaminants on a routine basis.

 This is annually for

surface water suppliers and mixed surface water—groundwater

suppliers and triennially for groundwater suppliers.

 Section

6

611.601(a) requires the supplier to sample for each water source,

and Section 611.601(b) requires this where each source is

introduced to the supplier’s distribution system.

 Therefore, the

existing regulations would require routine annual or triennial

monitoring for each bC

 for each source of water.

Subsections

 (b) through

 (f) of Section 611.603 essentially

allow the Agency to permit suppliers to reduce this frequency for

any contaminants not detected in previous rounds of monitoring.

Subsections

(d)

 (1) and

 (d) (2) require a minimum of three rounds

of routine sampling before a supplier can qualify for a SEP that

would allow less frequent monitoring.

 This structure closely

parallels the federal language, except the Board omitted the

language of the last federal sentence, which explicitly requires

a minimum of three rounds of monitoring from any new water source

before a supplier can qualify for a SEP, when we adopted the

provision in R91—3.

The Agency noticed this omission when preparing documents on

the Illinois SDWA program for state primacy review by U.S.

 EPA.

The Agency requested,

 both informally and by PC

 1, that the Board

restore this express language to aid federal review and approval.

 In response, we add Section 611.603(d) (4) to parallel the last

sentence of 40 CFR 141.23(c) (4).

The Board has made one routine amendment to this Section in

addition to that described above.

 We have updated all references

to the Code of Federal Regulations to the recently available 1993

edition.

Demonstrating Compliance with IOC MCLs——Section 611.609

Section 611.609 derives from 40 CFR 141.23(i).

 In the

course of its review of the Illinois SDWA rules, the Agency

observed that the title “Averaging” for Section 611.609

is

incomplete and potentially misleading.

 The Agency informally

communicated this to the Board, and we agree.

 The essence of

Section 611.609

 is determining compliance with the MCL5 based on

the compliance monitoring data.

 Although averaging of results is

required to determine compliance, the Board agrees that use of

the Section heading “Determining Compliance” is more accurate

than “Averaging”.

 We therefore change the heading as requested.

The Board has made one routine amendment to this Section in

addition to that described above.

 We have updated all references

to the Code of Federal Regulations to the recently available 1993

edition.

7

Public Notice in Separable Systems——Sections 611.646, 611.648

&

611.851

Sections 611.646 and 611.648 derive from 40 CFR 141.24(f)

and

 (h), respectively.

 Section 611.851 derives from 40 CFR

141.32 (a).

 The Agency observed during the course of its primacy

review of the regulations that the Board did not include in R91-3

the federal provisions that allow public notice to fewer than all

of a supplier’s consumers if only part of its distribution system

is affected by an exceedance of a volatile organic chemical

contaminant

 (VOC) or synthetic organic chemical

 (SOC) MCL.

Federal paragraphs

 (f) (15) (iii) and

 (h) (11) (iii)

 (relating to

ongoing monitoring for VOCs and SOCs, respectively) provide that

if the supplier has

 a separable distribution system,

 it. needs

only give the required public notices to those consumers on the

portion of its distribution system that is affected by the

exceedance of an MCL.

 Corresponding Illinois Sections

611.646(o) (3)

 and 611.648(k) (3)

 simply refer to Subpart T for the

public notice requirements.

 We observe that 40 CFR 141.23(i) (4)

and 141.24(g)(9)

 (relating to ongoing monitoring for lOCs and the

initial monitoring for Phase

 I VOCs,

 respectively) include

similar provisions, which the Board correspondingly codified in

R91—3 as Sections 611.609(d)

 and 611.647(i).

 Therefore,

 it was

inconsistent for us not to have included similar provisions at

Sections 611.646(o) (3) and 611.648(k) (3).

The Agency informally requested that the Board restore the

 missing provisions at Sections 611.646(o) (3) and 611.648(k) (3) to

aid U.S. EPA review of the Illinois SDWA program.

 We will use

this opportunity to add those provisions.

 The Board will further

follow the Agency’s request by adding language at Section

611.851(c) (3) that references the supplier’s ability to give

public notice to fewer than all of its customers if allowed

pursuant to Section 611.609(d),

 611.646(0) (3), 611.647(i),

or

611.611.648(k)(3).

 Since this provision has no direct

counterpart in 40 CFR 141.32(a), we amended the Board Note to

this Section to reflect that fact.

The Board has made one routine amendment to this Section in

addition to those described above.

 We have updated all

references to the Code of Federal Regulations to the recently

available 1993 edition.

SDWA REGULATORY HISTORICAL

SUMMARY

The Board adopted the initial round of U.S. EPA drinking

water regulations, including the “Phase I” rules, adopted by U.S.

EPA prior to June 30,

 1989, as follows:

R88—26

 114 PCB 149, August

9,

1990

 (14 Ill. Reg.

 16517,

effective September 20,

 1990).

8

Subsequent dockets updated the regulations to include federal

amendments since that time:

R90—4

 112 PCB 317, dismissed June 21,

1990

 (no U.S. EPA

 amendments July

 1 through December 31,

 1989)

R90—13

 117 PCB 687, December 20,

1990

 (15 Ill. Reg.

 1562,

effective January 22,

 1991)

 (January 1,

1990

through June 30,

 1990)

R90—21

 116 PCB 365, November 29,

1990

 (14 Ill. Reg.

20448, effective December 11,

 1990)

 (Corrections

to R88—26)

R91—3

 137 PCB 253, November 19,

1992

 (16 Ill. Reg.

19010, December 11,

 1992, effective December

1,

1992)

 (U.S.

 EPA Phase II and Coliforms—-

consolidated with R92-9; July

1,

 1990 through

January 31,

 1991)

R91—15

 137 PCB 627, dismissed December 3,

1992

 (no U.S.

EPA amendments February 1,

 1991 through May 31,

1991)

R92—3

——

PCB

——,

 May 6,

1993

 (17 Ill. Reg.

 7796, May

28,

 1993, effective May 18,

 1993)

 (U.S. EPA Phase

IIB and Lead and Copper rules; June 1,

1991

through December 31,

 1991)

R92—9

 137 PCB 253, November 19,

1992

 (16 Ill. Reg.

19010, December 11,

 1992, effective December 1,

1992)

 (Corrections to Phase I rules, R88-26—-

consolidated with R91-3)

R92—12

 137 PCB 725, dismissed December

3,

1992

 (no U.S.

EPA amendments June

1,

 1992 through June 30,

 1991)

R93—l

——

PCB

——,

 July 14,

1993

 (17 Ill. Reg.

 12648,

August

6,

 1993, effective July 23,

 1993)

 (U.S. EPA

Phase V rules; July 1,

 1992 through December

31,

1992)

R93—19

——

PCB

——,

 dismissed September 23,

1993

 (no U.S.

EPA amendments January

 1 through June 30,

 1993)

R94—4

 This docket (TTHM analytical methods; July 1,

1993

through December 31,

 1993)

EDITORIAL CONVENTIONS

As

 a final note, the federal rules have been edited to

establish a uniform usage throughout the Board’s regulations.

9

For example, with respect to “shall”,

 “will”, and “may”

—

 “shall”

is used when the subject of a sentence has to do something.

“Must” is used when someone has to do something, but that someone

is not the subject of the sentence.

 “Will” is used when the

Board obliges itself to do something.

 “May” is used when choice

of a provision is optional.

 “Or” is used rather than “and/or”,

and denotes “one or both”.

 “Either”...”or” denotes “one but not

both”.

“And”

denotes

“both”.

The

text

the

proposed

amendments

follows:

TITLE

35:

 ENVIRONMENTAL

PROTECTION

SUBTITLE

F:

 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES

CHAPTER

POLLUTION

CONTROL

 BOARD

PART 611

PRIMARY

DRINKING

WATER

STANDARDS

SUBPART

GENERAL

Section

611.100

611.101

611.

102

611.

103

611.

107

611. 108

611. 109

611.

110

611.111

611.

112

611.

113

611.

114

611.

115

611.120

611.

121

611.

125

611.126

611. 130

Section

611.201

611.

202

611.

211

611.

212

611. 213

611.220

611.230

611. 231

611.

232

611.

233

Purpose,

 Scope and Applicability

Definitions

Incorporations by Reference

Severability

Agency Inspection of PWS Facilities

Delegation to Local Government

 Enforcement

Special Exception Permits

Section 1415 Variances

Section 1416 Variances

Alternative Treatment Techniques

Siting requirements

Source Water Quantity

Effective dates

Maximum Contaminant Levels

Fluoridation Requirement

Prohibition on Use of Lead

Special Requirements for Certain Variances and Adjusted

Standards

SUBPART B:

 FILTRATION

AND

DISINFECTION

Requiring a Demonstration

Procedures for Agency Determinations

Filtration Required

Groundwater under Direct Influence of Surface Water

No Method of HPC Analysis

General Requirements

Filtration Effective Dates

Source Water Quality Conditions

Site—specific Conditions

Treatment Technique Violations

611.

240

611.

241

611.

242

611.250

611.261

611.262

611.271

611.272

Section

611.

280

611.290

Section

611.295

611.296

611.297

Section

611.300

611.301

611.

310

611.

11

611.320

611.325

611.

330

611. 331

Section

611. 350

611.

351

611.

352

611.

353

611.

354

611.

3 55

611.

356

611.

357

611.

358

611.359

611.

60

611.361

Disinfection

Unfiltered PWSs

Filtered PWS5

Filtration

Unfiltered PWS5:

 Reporting and Recordkeeping

Filtered PWS5:

 Reporting and Recordkeeping

Protection during Repair Work

Disinfection following Repair

SUBPART

C:

 USE OF NON-CENTRALIZED TREATMENT DEVICES

Point-of-Entry Devices

Use of Point-of-Use Devices or Bottled Water

SUBPART

D:

 TREATMENT

TECHNIQUES

General Requirements

Acrylamide and Epichlorohydrin

Corrosion Control

SUBPART

F:

MAXIMUM

CONTAMINANT LEVELS

 (MCL’ s)

Old MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals

Revised MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals

Old MCLs for Organic Chemicals

Revised MCL5 for Organic Contaminants

Turbidity

Microbiological Contaminants

Radium and Gross Alpha Particle Activity

Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity

SUBPART G:

 LEAD AND COPPER

General Requirements

Applicability of Corrosion Control

Corrosion Control Treatment

Source Water Treatment

Lead Service Line Replacement

Public Education and Supplemental Monitoring

 Tap Water Monitoring for Lead and Copper

Monitoring for Water Quality Parameters

Monitoring for Lead and Copper in Source Water

Analytical Methods

Reporting

Recordkeeping

SUBPART K:

 GENERAL MONITORING

AND

ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section

611.

480

611.

490

611.

491

611.

500

Alternative Analytical Techniques

Certified Laboratories

Laboratory Testing Equipment

Consecutive PWS5

11

611.510

 Special Monitoring for Unregulated Contaminants

SUBPART L:

 MICROBIOLOGICAL

MONITORING

AND

ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section

611.521

 Routine Coliform Monitoring

611.522

 Repeat Coliform Monitoring

611.523

 Invalidation of Total Coliform Samples

611.524

 Sanitary Surveys

611.525

 Fecal Coliforin and E.

 Coli Testing

611.526

 Analytical Methodology

611.527

 Response to Violation

611.531

 Analytical Requirements

611.532

 Unfiltered PWSs

611.533

 Filtered PWSs

SUBPART

TURBIDITY

MONITORING

AND

ANALYTICAL

REQUIREMENTS

Section

611.560

 Turbidity

SUBPART N:

 INORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Violation of State MCL

Frequency of State Monitoring

Applicability

Monitoring Frequency

Asbestos Monitoring Frequency

Inorganic Monitoring Frequency

Nitrate Monitoring

Nitrite Monitoring

Confirmation Samples

More Frequent Monitoring and Confirmation Sampling

Additional Optional Monitoring

AvcrckgingDemonstrating Compliance

Inorganic Monitoring Times

Inorganic Analysis

Monitoring Requirements for Old Inorganic NCL5

Special Monitoring for Sodium

Special Monitoring for Inorganic Chemicals

SUBPART 0:

 ORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section

Definitions

Old

MCLs

Analytical Methods for Old MCLs

Phase

 I, Phase II, and Phase V Volatile Organic

Contaminants

611.647

 Sampling for Phase I Volatile Organic Contaminants

611.648

 Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V Synthetic Organic

Contaminants

Monitoring

for

 Contaminants (Repealed)

Analytical

Methods

for

Contaminants

(Repealed)

Section

611.

591

611.

592

611.

600

611.

601

611.

602

611.

603

611. 604

611.

605

611.

606

611.

607

611.

608

611.609

611.

610

611.

611

611.612

611.

630

611.

631

611.640

611.

641

611.

645

611.646

611. 650

611.

657

12

611.658

 Special Monitoring for Organic Chemicals

SUBPART P:

THM

MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section

611.680

 Sampling, Analytical and other Requirements

611.683

 Reduced Monitoring Frequency

611.684

 Averaging

611.685

 Analytical Methods

611.686

 Modification to System

SUBPART Q:

 RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING

AND

ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section

611.720

 Analytical Methods

611.731

 Gross Alpha

611.732

 Manmade Radioactivity

SUBPART T:

 REPORTING,

 PUBLIC NOTIFICATION AND RECORDKEEPING

Mandatory Health Effects Information

Percent Inactivation of G. Lamblia Cysts

Common Names of Organic Chemicals

Defined Substrate Method for the Simultaneous

Detection of Total Coliforms and Eschricia

Coli from Drinking Water

Mandatory Lead Public Education Information

 Total Coliform Monitoring Frequency

Fecal or Total Coliform Density Measurements

Frequency of

RDC

Measurement

Number of Lead and Copper Monitoring Sites

Lead and Copper Monitoring Start Dates

Number of Water Quality Parameter Sampling

Sites

Summary

Monitoring

Requirements

for

Water

Quality

Parameters’

Federal

Effective

Dates

Section

611.830

611.831

611.832

611.833

611.

840

611.

851

611.

852

611.853

611.

854

611.855

611.856

611.858

611.

860

611.

870

Applicability

Monthly Operating Report

Notice by Agency

Cross Connection Reporting

Reporting

Reporting MCL and other Violations

Reporting other Violations

Notice to New Billing Units

General Content of Public Notice

Mandatory Health Effects Language

Fluoride Notice

Fluoride Secondary Standard

Record Maintenance

List of 36 Contaminants

611.Appendix A

611.Appendix B

61l.Appendix C

611.AppendiX D

61l.Appendix E

611.Table A

611.Table B

611.Table C

611.Table D

611.Table E

611.Table F

611.Table G

611.Table Z

13

AUTHORITY:

 Implementing Sections

 17 and 17.5 and authorized by

Section 27 of the Environmental Protection Act

 (Ill. Rev.

 Stat.

1991,

ch.

 111½,

 pars.

 1017, 1017.5 and 1027

 (415 ILCS 5/17,

5/17.5 and 5/27).

SOURCE:

 Adopted in R88-26 at 14

 Ill. Reg.

 16517, effective

September 20,

 1990; amended in R90—21 at 14 Ill. Reg. 20448,

effective December 11,

 1990;

 amended in R90—13 at 15 Ill. Reg.

1562, effective January 22,

 1991; amended in R91—3 at 16 Ill.

Reg. 19010, December 1,

 1992; amended in R92—3 at 17 Ill. Reg.

7796,

 effective May 18,

 1993; amended in R93—1 at 17 Ill. Reg.

12650, effective July 20, 1993~amended

 in R94—4 at 18 Ill. Req.

effective

Note:

 Capitalization denotes statutory language.

SUBPART A:

 GENERAL

Section 611.101

 Definitions

As used in this Part,

 the term:

“Act” means the Environmental Protection Act

 (Ill. Rev.

Stat.

 1991,

ch.

 111½, par.

 1001 et seq.

 (415 ILCS 574~

et ocq.)

“Agency” means the Illinois Environmental Protection

Agency.

BOARD NOTE:

 The Department of Public Health

 (“Public

Health”) regulates non-community water supplies (“non-

 CWSs”,

 including non-transient, non—community water

supplies

 (“NTNCWSs”) and transient non—community water

supplies (“transient non—CWSs”)).

 For the purposes of

regulation of supplies by Public Health by reference to

this Part,

 “Agency” shall mean Public Health.

“Al” means “inactivation ratio”.

“Approved source of bottled water”, for the

purposes of Section 611.130(e) (4), means a source

of water and the water therefrom, whether it be

from a spring, artesian well,

 drilled well,

municipal water supply, or any other source, that

has been inspected and the water sampled,

analyzed, and found to be a safe and sanitary

quality according to applicable laws and

regulations of State and local government agencies

having jurisdiction, as evidenced by the presence

in the plant of current certificates or notations

of approval from each government agency or

agencies having jurisdiction over the source, the

14

water it bottles, and the distribution of

the

water in commerce.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 142.62 (g) (2) and

21 CFR 129.3(a) (199~). The Board cannot compile

an exhaustive listing of all federal,

 state, and

local laws to which bottled water and bottling

water may be subjected.

 However, the statutes and

regulations of which the Board is aware are the

following:

 the Illinois Food, Drug and Cosmetic

Act

 (410 ILCS 620/1 ct ocq., formerly Ill. Rev.

Stat.

 1991 ch.

 56½, par. 501 et seq.), the Bottled

Water Act (815 ILCS 310/1

Ct Deg.,

 formerly Ill.

Rev.

 Stat.

 1991 ch.

 111½, par. 121.101), the DPH

Water Well Construction Code (77 Ill. Adm. Code

920), the DPH Water Well

Pump

Installation Code

(77 Ill.

 Adin.

 Code 925), the federal bottled water

quality standards

 (21 CFR 103.35), the federal

drinking water processing and bottling standards

(21 CFR 129), the federal Good Manufacturing

Practices for human foods

 (21 CFR 110), the

federal Fair Packaging and Labeling Act

 (15 U.S.C.

§S 1451 et seq.), and the federal Fair Packaging

and Labeling regulations

 (21 CFR 201).

“Best available technology” or “BAT” means the best

technology, treatment techniques or other means that

U.S. EPA has found are available for the contaminant in

question.

 BAT is specified in Subpart F of this Part.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1992-3).

“Board” means the Illinois Pollution Control Board.

“CAS No” means “Chemical Abstracts Services Number”.

“CT” or “CT~”is the product of “residual disinfectant

concentration”

 (RDC or

C)

 in mg/L determined before or

at the first customer, and the corresponding

 “disinfectant contact time”

 (T) in minutes.

 If a

supplier applies disinfectants at more than one point

prior to the first customer,

 it shall determine the CT

of each disinfectant sequence before or at the first

customer to determine the total percent inactivation or

“total inactivation ratio”.

 In determining the total

inactivation ratio, the supplier shall determine the

RDC

of each disinfection sequence and corresponding

contact time before any subsequent disinfection

application point(s).

 (See “CT~9”)

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1992-i).

“CT~9”is the CT value required for 99.9 percent

(3-

log) inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts.

 CT~9for a

15

variety of disinfectants and conditions appear in

Tables 1.1—1.6,

 2.1 and 3.1 of Section 611.Appendix B.

(See “Inactivation Ratio”.)

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from the definition of “CT” in 40

CFR 141.2

 (1992-~).

“Coagulation” means a process using coagulant chemicals

and mixing by which colloidal and suspended materials

are destabilized and agglomerated into flocs.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1992-i).

“Community Water System” or “CWS” means a public water

system

 (PWS)

 that serves at least 15 service

connections used by year—round residents or regularly

 serves at least 25 year—round residents.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1992-i).

 This

definition differs slightly from that of Section 3.05

of the Act.

“Compliance cycle” means the nine—year calendar year

cycle during which public water systems

 (PWS5) must

monitor.

 Each compliance cycle consists of three

three-year compliance periods.

 The first calendar

cycle begins January 1,

 1993,

 and ends December 31,

2001; the second begins January

1,

 2002 and ends

December 31,

 2010; the third begins January

1,

 2011,

and ends December 31, 2019.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1992-i).

“Compliance period” means a three—year calendar year

period within a compliance cycle.

 Each compliance

cycle has three three—year compliance periods.

 Within

the first compliance cycle,

 the first compliance period

runs from January

 1, 1993, to December 31,

 1995;

the

second from January

1,

 1996, to December 31,

 1998;

the

third from January

1,

 1999,

 to December 31,

 2001.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (l992-~).

“Confluent growth” means a continuous bacterial growth

covering the entire filtration area of a membrane

filter or a portion thereof,

 in which bacterial

 colonies are not discrete.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1992-a).

“Contaminant” means any physical, chemical, biological

or radiological substance or matter in water.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1992r~).

“Conventional filtration treatment” means a series of

processes including coagulation, flocculation,

sedimentation and filtration resulting in substantial

particulate removal.

16

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141

•

2

 (1992-i).

“Diatomaceous earth filtration” means a process

resulting in substantial particulate removal in which:

A precoat cake of diatomaceous earth filter media

is deposited on a support membrane (septum); and

While the water is filtered by passing through the

cake on the septum, additional filter media known

as body feed is continuously added to the feed

water to maintain the permeability of the filter

cake.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1992-~j.

“Direct filtration” means a series of processes

including coagulation and filtration but excluding

sedimentation resulting in substantial particulate

removal.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1992-3).

“Disinfectant” means any oxidant,

 including but not

limited to chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chloramines and

ozone added to water in any part of the treatment or

distribution process, that is intended to kill or

inactivate pathogenic microorganisms.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1992-i).

“Disinfectant contact time” or “T” means the time in

minutes that it takes for water to move from the point

of disinfectant application or the previous point of

RDC

measurement to a point before or at the point where

RDC

is measured.

Where only one

RDC

is measured, T is the time in

minutes that it takes for water to move from the

point of disinfectant application to a point

before or at where

RDC

is measured.

Where more than one

RDC

is measured, T is:

For the first measurement of RDC, the time in

minutes that it takes for water to move from

the first or only point of disinfectant

application to a point before or at the point

where the first

RDC

is measured and

For subsequent measurements of RDC, the time

in minutes that it takes for water to move

from the previous RDC measurement point to

the

RDC

measurement point for which the

particular T is being calculated.

17

T in pipelines must be calculated based on “plug

flow” by dividing the internal volume of the pipe

 by the maximum hourly flow rate through that pipe.

T within mixing basins and storage reservoirs must

be determined by tracer studies or an equivalent

demonstration.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1992-i).

“Disinfection” means a process that inactivates

pathogenic organisms in water by chemical oxidants or

equivalent agents.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1992~).

“Distribution system” includes all points downstream of

an “entry point” to the point of consumer ownership.

“Domestic or other non—distribution system plumbing

problem” means a coliforin contamination problem in a

PWS with more than one service connection that is

limited to the specific service connection from which

the coliform—positive sample was taken.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1992-i).

“Dose equivalent” means the product of the absorbed

dose from ionizing radiation and such factors as

account for differences in biological effectiveness due

to the type of radiation and its distribution in the

body as specified by the International Commission on

Radiological Units and Measurements

 (ICRU).

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1992-3).

“Entry point” means a point just downstream of the

final treatment operation, but upstream of the first

user and upstream of any mixing with other water.

If

raw water is used without treatment,

 the “entry point”

 is the raw water source.

 If a PWS receives treated

water from another PWS, the “entry point” is a point

just downstream of the other PWS, but upstream of the

first user on the receiving PWS, and upstream of any

mixing with other water.

“Filtration” means a process for removing particulate

matter from water by passage through porous media.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1992-3).

“Flocculation” means a process to enhance agglomeration

or collection of smaller floc particles into larger,

more easily settleable particles through gentle

stirring by hydraulic or mechanical means.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1992-3).

18

“GC” means “gas chromatography”

 or “gas—liquid phase

chromatography”

“GC/MS” means gas chromatography

 (GC) followed by mass

spectrometry

 (MS).

“Gross alpha particle activity” means the total

radioactivity due to alpha particle emission as

inferred from measurements on a dry sample.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1992-3).

“Gross beta particle activity” means the total

radioactivity due to beta particle emission as inferred

from measurements on a dry sample.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1992-i).

“Groundwater under the direct influence of surface

water”

 is as determined in Section 611.212.

 BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1992-3).

“GWS” means “groundwater system”,

 a public water supply

(PWS) that uses only groundwater sources.

BOARD NOTE:

 Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(b) (2)

&

141.24(f)(2) note

 (1992-3).

“Halogen” means one of the chemical elements chlorine,

bromine or iodine.

BOARD

NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (19913).

“HPC” means “heterotrophic plate count”, measured as

specified in Section 611.531(c).

“Inactivation Ratio”

 (Ai) means:

Ai

 CT~/CT~9

The

sum

of the inactivation ratios, or “total

inactivation ratio”

(B)

 is calculated by adding

together the inactivation ratio for each

disinfection sequence:

B

A total inactivation ratio equal to or greater

than 1.0 is assumed to provide a 3—log

inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from the definition of “CT”

in 40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3).

“Initial compliance period” means the three—year

compliance period that begins January

1,

 1993, except

19

for the MCL5 for dichioromethane,

 1,2,4-trichloro-

benzene, 1,1,2—trichloroethane, benzoa)pyrene,

dalapon, di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)

phthalate, dinoseb, diquat, endothall,

 endrin,

glyphosate, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclopenta—

diene, oxamyl,

 picloram, simazine, 2,3,7,8—TCDD,

antimony, beryllium,

 cyanide, nickel, and thallium as

they apply to suppliers whose supplies have fewer than

150 service connections,

 for which it means the three—

year compliance period that begins on January

1,

 1996.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3), ~c

amcndcd at 57 Fcd.

 flcg. 31830

 (July 17, 1~2).

“L” means “liter”.

“Legionella” means a genus of bacteria, some species of

which have caused a type of pneumonia called

Legionnaires Disease.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3).

“Man—made beta particle and photon emitters” means all

radionuclides emitting beta particles and/or photons

listed in Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum

Permissible Concentrations of Radionuclides in Air and

in Water for Occupational Exposure,

NCRP

Report Number

22, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102,

except the daughter products of thorium—232, uranium-

235 and uranium-238.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1992-.3).

“Maximum contaminant level”

 (“MCL”) means the maximum

permissible level of a contaminant in water that is

delivered to any user of a public water system.

See

Section 611.121

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3).

“Maximum Total Trihalomethane Potential” or “MTP” means

the maximum concentration of total trihalomethanes

(TTHNs) produced in

 a given water containing a

disinfectant residual after 7 days at a temperature of

25°C or above.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3).

“NFL” means millions of fibers per liter larger than 10

micrometers.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(a) (4) (i)

(1991.3).

“mg” means milligrams

 (1/1000th of a gram).

“mg/L” means milligrams per liter.

20

“Mixed system” means a PWS that uses both groundwater

and surface water sources.

BOARD NOTE:

 Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(b) (2) and

141.24(f)(2) note

 (1991.3).

“MUG”

means 4—methyl—umbelliferyl—beta-d—glucuronide.

“Near the first service connection” means at one of the

20 percent of all service connections in the entire

system that are nearest the public water system

 (PWS)

treatment facility, as measured by water transport time

within the distribution system.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3).

“nm” means nanometer (1/1,000,000,000th of

 a meter).

“Non—community water system” or

“NCWS”

“non—CWS”

means

 a public water system

 (PWS) that is not a

community

water

system

 (CWS).

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from the definition of “public

water system” in 40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3).

“Non—transient non—community water system” or

 “NTNCWS”

means a public water system

 (PWS) that is not a

community water system

 (CWS)

 and that regularly serves

at least 25 of the same persons over 6 months per year.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40

CFR

141.2

 (1991.3).

“NPDWR” means “national primary drinking water

regulation”.

“NTU” means “nephelometric turbidity units”.

“Old MCL” means one of the inorganic maximum

contaminant levels

 (MCLs), codified at Section 611.300,

or organic MCL5,

 codified at Section 611.310,

 including

any marked as “additional state requirements.”

BOARD NOTE:

 Old MCL5 are those derived prior to the

implementation of the U~S~EPA“Phase II” regulations.

The Section 611.640 definition of this term, which

applies only to Subpart 0 of this Part, differs from

this definition in that tha~definition does not

include the Section 611.300 inorganic MCL5.

“P—A Coliform Test” means “Presence—Absence Coliform

Test”.

“Performance evaluation sample” means a reference

sample provided to a laboratory for the purpose of

demonstrating that the laboratory can successfully

 analyze the sample within limits of performance

specified by the Agency; or,

 for bacteriological

21

laboratories, Public Health;

 or, for radiological

laboratories, the Illinois Department of Nuclear

Safety.

 The true value of the concentration of the

reference material is unknown to the laboratory at the

time of the analysis.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3).

“Person” means an individual, corporation, company,

association, partnership, State,

 unit of

 local

government or federal agency.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (19913).

“Phase I” refers to that group of chemical contaminants

and the accompanying regulations promulgated by U~S~

EPA on July 8,

 1987,

 at 52 Fed. Reg. 25712.

“Phase II” refers to that group of chemical

contaminants and the accompanying regulations

promulgated by U~S~EPAon January 30,

 1991, at 56 Fed.

Reg.

 3578.

“Phase IIB” refers to that group of chemical

contaminants and the accompanying regulations

promulgated by U~S~EPAon July

1,

 1991, at 56 Fed.

Reg.

 30266.

“Phase V” refers to that group of chemical contaminants

promulgated by U~S~EPAon July 17,

 1992,

 at 57 Fed.

Reg.

 31776.

“Picocurie” or “pCi” means the quantity of radioactive

 material producing 2.22 nuclear transformations per

minute.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3).

“Point of disinfectant application” is the point at

which the disinfectant

 is applied and downstream of

which water is not subject to recontamination by

surface water runoff.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3).

“Point-of—entry treatment device” is a treatment device

applied to the drinking water entering a house or

building for the purpose of reducing contaminants in

the drinking water distributed throughout the house or

building.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3).

“Point-of—use treatment device” is a treatment device

applied to a single tap used for the purpose of

reducing contaminants

 in drinking water at that one

tap.

22

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3).

“Public Health” means the Illinois Department of Public

Health.

BOARD NOTE:

 The Department of Public Health

 (“Public

Health”) regulates non—community water supplies (“non-

CWS5”,

 including non-transient, non—community water

supplies (“NTNCWSs”) and transient non—community water

supplies (“transient non—CWSs”)).

 For the purposes of

regulation of supplies by Public Health by reference to

this Part,

 “Agency” shall mean Public Health.

“Public water system” or “PWS” means a system for the

provision to the public of piped water for human

consumption,

 if such system has at least fifteen

service connections or regularly serves an average of

at least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days out of

the year. A PWS is either a community water system

(CWS)

 or a non—community water system (non—CWS).

 Such

term includes:

Any collection,

 treatment, storage and

distribution facilities under control of the

operator of such system and used primarily in

connection with such system, and;

Any collection or pretreatment storage facilities

not under such control that are used primarily in

connection with such system.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3).

“Reliably and consistently” below a specified level for

a contaminant means an Agency determination based on

analytical results following the initial detection of a

contaminant to determine the qualitative condition of

water from an individual sampling point or source.

The

Agency shall base this determination on the consistency

of analytical results, the degree below the MCL, the

susceptibility of source water to variation, and other

vulnerability factors pertinent to the contaminant

detected that may influence the quality of water.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(b) (9),

141.24(f) (11) (ii),

 and 141.24(f)(11)(iii)

 (1991.3).

“Rem” means the unit of dose equivalent from ionizing

radiation to the total body or any internal organ or

organ system.

 A “millirem (mrein)”

is

 1/1000 of a rem.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3).

“Repeat compliance period” means a compliance period

that begins after the initial compliance period.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3).

23

“Representative” means that a sample must reflect the

quality of water that is delivered to consumers under

conditions when all sources required to supply water

under normal conditions are in use and all treatment is

properly operating.

“Residual disinfectant concentration”

 (“RDC” or “C” in

CT calculations) means the concentration of

disinfectant measured in mg/L in a representative

sample of water.

 For purposes of the requirement of

Section 611.241(d)

 of maintaining a detectable

RDC

in

the distribution system,

 “RDC” means a residual of free

or combined chlorine.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3).

“SDWA” means the Public Health Service Act, as amended

by the Safe Drinking Water Act, Pub.

L.

 93-523,

42

U.S.C.

 300f et seq.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3).

“Sanitary survey” means an onsite review of the water

source,

 facilities,

 equipment, operation and

maintenance of a public water system

 (PWS)

 for the

purpose of evaluating the adequacy of such source,

facilities,

 equipment, operation and maintenance for

producing and distributing safe drinking water.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (19913).

“Sedimentation” means a process for removal of solids

before filtration by gravity or separation.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3).

“SEP” means special exception permit (Section 611.110).

“Slow sand filtration” means a process involving

passage of raw water through a bed of sand at low

velocity (generally less than 0.4 meters per hour

(m/h)) resulting in substantial particulate removal by

physical and biological mechanisms.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3).

“SOC” or “Synthetic organic chemical contaminant”

refers to that group of contaminants designated as

“SOCs”, or “synthetic organic chemicals” or “synthetic

organic contaminants”,

 in U~S~EPAregulatory

discussions and guidance documents.

 “SOCs” include

alachlor, aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, aldicarb

sulfoxide,

 atrazine, benzo(apyrene,

 carbofuran,

chlordane,

 dalapon, dibromoethylene

 (ethylene dibromide

or EDB), dibromochloropropane

 (DBCP),

 di (2-ethylhexyl)

adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, dinoseb,

 diquat,

endothall, endrin, glyphosate, heptachior, heptachlor

24

epoxide,

 hexachlorobenzene,

 hexachiorocyclopentadiene,

lindane, inethoxychlor,

 oxamyl, pentachlorophenol,

picloram, simazine, toxaphene, polychlorinated

biphenyls

 (PCB5),

 2,4—D,

 2,3,7, 8—TCDD, and 2,4, 5—TP.

“Source” means a well,

 reservoir, or other source of

raw water.

“Standard sample” means the aliquot of finished

drinking water that is examined for the presence of

coliform bacteria.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40

CFR

141.2

 (1991.3).

“Supplier of water” or “supplier” means any person who

owns or operates a public water system (PWS).

 This

term includes the “official custodian”.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3).

“Surface water” means all water that is open to the

atmosphere and subject to surface runoff.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3).

“SWS” means “surface water system”, a public water

supply

 (PWS)

 that uses only surface water sources,

including “groundwater under the direct influence of

surface water”.

BOARD NOTE:

 Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(b) (2)

and

141.24(f)(2) note

 (1991.3).

“System with a single service connection” means a

system that supplies drinking water to consumers via a

single service line.

BOARD

NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3).

“Too numerous to count” means that the total number of

bacterial colonies exceeds 200 on a

47—mm

diameter

membrane filter used for coliform detection.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3).

“Total trihalomethanes” or “TTHN” means the sum of the

concentration of trihalomethanes

 (THMs),

 in milligrams

per liter

 (mg/L), rounded to two significant figures.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from the definition of “total

trihaloinethanes” in 40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3)._See the

definition of THNs for a listing of the four compounds

that U~S~EPAconsiders TTHM5 to comprise.

“Transient,

 non—community water system” or “transient

non—CWS” or “TNCWS” means a public water system

 (PWS)

that is neither a community water system

 (“CWS”) nor a

non-transient, noncoinmunity water system (“NTNCWS”).

25

BOARD NOTE:

 The federal regulations apply to all

“public water systems”, which are defined as all

systems having at least 15 service connections or

regularly serving water to at least 25 persons.

 See 42

 U.S.C.

 S300f (4).

 The Act mandates that the Board and

the Agency regulate “public water supplies”, which it

defines as having at least 15 service connections or

regularly serving 25 persons daily at least 60 days per

year.

 See Ill. Rev.

 Stat.

 1991 ch. 111½, par. 1003.28

(415 ILCS 5/3.28.

 The Department of Public Health

regulates transient non—community water systems.

“Treatment” means any process that changes the

physical, chemical, microbiological, or radiological

properties of water,

 is under the control of the

supplier, and is not a “point of use” or “point of

entry treatment device” as defined in this Section.

“Treatment” includes, but is not limited to aeration,

coagulation, sedimentation, filtration,

 activated

carbon treatment, disinfection, and fluoridation.

“Trihalomethane” or “THM” means one of the family of

organic compounds, named as derivatives of methane,

in

which three of the four hydrogen atoms in methane are

each substituted by a halogen atom in the molecular

structure.

 The THN5 are:

Trichloromethane

 (chloroform),

Dibromochloromethane,

Bromodichloromethane and

Tribromomethane (bromoform)

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from the definitions of

“total trihalomethanes” and “trihalomethanes” in

40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3).

“pg” means micrograms

 (1/1,000,000th of a gram).

“U~S~EPA”means the U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency.

“Virus” means a virus of fecal origin that is

infectious to humans by waterborne transmission.

“VOC” or “volatile organic chemical contaminant” refers

to that group of contaminants designated as “VOCs”,

or

“volatile organic chemicals” or “volatile organic

contaminants”,

 in U~S~EPAregulatory discussions and

guidance documents.

 “VOCs” include benzene, dichioro—

methane, tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride),

26

trichioroethylene,

 vinyl chloride,

 1,1,1-trichloro-

ethane

 (methyl chloroform),

 1,1—dichioroethylene,

1, 2-dichioroethane, cis-1,2—dichloroethylene, ethyl-

benzene, monochlorobenzene, o—dichlorobenzene, styrene,

1,2,4-trichlorobenzene,

 1,1,2—trichloroethane, tetra-

chloroethylene, toluene, trans—i,2-dichloroethylene,

xylene, and i,2—dichloropropane.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (1991.3).

“Waterborne disease outbreak” means the significant

occurrence of acute infectious illness,

epidemiologically associated with the ingestion of

water from a public water system

 (PWS) that is

deficient in treatment,

 as determined by the

appropriate local or State agency.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.2

 (19913).

“Wellhead Protection Program” means the welihead

 protection program for the State of Illinois, approved

by U~S~EPAunder Section 1428 of the SDWA.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.71(b)

 (19913).

The welihead protection program will include the

“groundwater protection needs assessment” under Section

17.1 of the Act, and regulations to be adopted in 35

Ill. Adm. Code 615 et seq.

(Source:

 Amended at 18 Ill. Reg.

________,

 effective

___________

Section 611.102

 Incorporations by Reference

a)

 Abbreviations.

 The following abbreviated names are

used in this Part to refer to materials incorporated by

reference:

“AEPA-l Polymer” is available from Advanced

Polymer Systems.

“ASTM” means American Society for Testing and

Materials

“Atomic Absorption—Platform Furnace Method” or

“AA—Platform Furnace Method” means “Determination

of Trace Elements by Stabilized Temperature

Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Method 200.9”

“Indigo method” is as described in “Standard

Methods”,

 17th Edition, Method 4500—03 B.

27

“Inductively Coupled Plasma—Mass Spectrometry

Method” or “ICP—NS Method” means “Determination of

Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively—

Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

 Method 200.8”

“Inductively Coupled Plasma Method 200.7” or “ICP

Method 200.7” means “Inductively Coupled Plasma-

Atomic Emission Spectrometric Method for Trace

Element Analysis in Water and Wastes

—-

 Method

200.7, with appendix”.

 See 40 CFR 136, Appendix

C.

“Inductively Coupled Plasma Method 200.7, Rev.

3.2” or “ICP Method 200.7, Rev.

 3.2” means

“Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in

Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-

Atomic Emission Spectrometry

-—

 Method 200.7,

Revision 3.2”

 See 40 CFR 136, Appendix C.

“Ion Chromatography Method 300.0” means

“Determination of Inorganic Ions in Water by Ion

Chromatography

 Method 300.0”

“Microbiological Methods” means “Microbiological

Methods for Monitoring the Environment, Water and

Wastes”, available from NTIS.

“lIMO-MUG Test” means “minimal medium ortho—

nitropheny1-beta—d-galactopyranoside-4-methyl-

uinbelliferyl-beta—d—glucuronide test”, available

from Environetics,

 Inc.

“NCR?” means “National Council on Radiation

Protection”.

“NTIS” means “National Technical Information

Service”.

“Radiochemical Methods” means “Interim

Radiochemical Methodology for Drinking Water”,

available from NTIS.

“Standard Methods”, means “Standard Methods for

the Examination of Water and Wastewater”,

available from the American Waterworks

Association.

“Technicon Methods” means “Fluoride in Water and

Wastewater”, available from Technicon.

“USEPA Asbestos Methods” or “U.S.

 EPA Asbestos

Methods” means “Analytical Method for

28

Determination of Asbestos Fibers in Water”,

available from NTIS.

“USEPA Dioxin and Furan Method 1613” or “U.S. EPA

Dioxin and Furan Method 1613” means “Tetra—

through Octa- Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans by

Isotope Dilution, available from USEPA-OST.

“USEPA jnvironmental Metals Methods” or “U.S. EPA

Environmental Metals Methods” means “Methods for

the Determination of Metals in Environmental

Samples”, available from NTIS.

“USEPA Inorganic Methods” or “U.S. EPA Inorganic

Methods” means “Methods for Chemical Analysis of

Water and Wastes”, available from NTIS and ORD

Publications.

“USEPA Ion Chromatography Method 300.0” or “U.S.

EPA Ion Chromato~ra~byMethod 300.0” means “Method

300.0, Determination of Inorganic Anions in Water

by Ion Chromatography”, available from USEPA-ENSL.

“USEPA Organic Methods” or “U.S.

 EPA Organic

Methods” means “Methods for the Determination of

Organic Compounds in Finished Drinking Water and

Raw Source Water”, September,

 1986, available from

NTIS and USEPA-EI4SL, for the purposes of Section

611.647 only—~-j.and “Methods for the Determination

of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water”, December,

1988, available from NTIS and

ORD

Publications,

for the purposes of Sections 611.646 and 611.648

only:

and “Methods for the Determination of

Organic Compounds in Drinking Water”. available

from NTIS. for the ~ur~oses of Section 611.685

only.

“USGS Methods” means “Methods for Determination of

Inorganic Substances in Water and Fluvial

Sediments”,

 available from USGS.

b)

 The Board incorporates the following publications by

reference:

Access Analytical Systems,

 Inc.,

 See Environetics,

Inc.

ASTM.

 American Society for Testing and Materials,

1976 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA

19103

215/299—5585:

29

ASTM Method D511-88A and B, “Standard Test

Methods for Calcium and Magnesium in Water”,

approved 1988.

ASTM Method D515-88A, “Standard Test Methods

for Phosphorus in Water”, approved 1988.

ASTM Method D858-88, “Standard Test Methods

for Manganese in Water”, approved August 19,

1988.

ASTM Method D859-88, Standard Test Method for

Silica in Water”, approved 1988.

ASTM Method D1067-88B,

 “Standard Test Methods

for Acidity or Alkalinity in Water”, approved

1988.

ASTM Method D1l25-82B,

 “Standard Test Methods

for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity

of Water”, approved October 29,

 1982.

ASTM Method D1179-72A or B “Standard Test

 Methods for Fluoride in Water”, approved July

28,

 1972, reapproved 1978.

ASTM Method D1293-84B “Standard Test Methods

for pH of Water”, approved October 26,

 1984.

ASTM Method D1428-64, “Standard Test Methods

for Sodium and Potassium in Water and Water-

Formed Deposits by Flame Photometry”,

approved August 31,

 1964, reapproved 1977.

ASTN Method D1688—90A or C,

 “Standard Test

Methods for Copper in Water”, approved 1990.

ASTN Method D2O36-89A or B,

 “Standard Test

Methods for Cyanide in Water”, approved 1989.

ASTN Method D2459-72, “Standard Test Method

for Gamma Spectrometry in Water,” 1975,

reapproved 1981, discontinued 1988.

ASTN Method D2907-83, “Standard Test Methods

for Microquantities of Uranium in Water by

Fluorometry”, approved May 27,

 1983.

ASTN

Method D2972-88A or B, “Standard Test

Methods for Arsenic in Water”, approved 1988.

30

ASTM Method D3223-86, “Standard Test Method

for Total Mercury in Water”, approved

February 28, 1986.

ASTM Method D3559-85D,

 “Standard Test Methods

for Lead in Water”, approved 1985.

ASP)! Method D3645-84B,

 “Standard Test Methods

for Beryllium in Water, Method B--Atomic

Absorption, Graphite Furnace”, approved Jan.

27,

 1984.

ASTM Method D3697-87, “Standard Test Method

 for Antimony in Water”,

 approved 1987.

ASP)! Method D3859-84A,

 “Standard Test Methods

for Selenium in Water, Method A--Atomic

Absor~tion, Hydride Method”, approved 1984.

ASTM Method D3859-88, “Standard Test Methods

for Selenium in Water”, approved June 24,

1988.

ASTM Method D3867—90, “Standard Test Methods

for Nitrite-Nitrate in Water”, approved

January 10,

 1990.

ASP)! Method 4327—88, “Standard Test Method

for Anions in Water by Ion Chromatography”,

approved 1988.

American Waterworks Association et al., 6666 West

Quincy Ave., Denver, CO

80235

 (303)

 794—7711:

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water

and Wastewater, 13th Edition,

 1971.

Method 302, Gross Alpha and Gross Beta

Radioactivity in Water

 (Total, Suspended

and Dissolved).

Method 303, Total Radioactive Strontium

and Strontium 90 in Water.

Method 304, Radium in Water by

Precipitation.

Method 305, Radium 226 by Radon in Water

(Soluble, Suspended and Total).

Method 306, Tritium in Water.

31

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water

and Wastewater,

 14th Edition,

 1976.

Method 214A, Turbidity, Nephelometric

Method

 Nephelometric Turbidity Units

(for the purposes of Section 611.560

turbidity only).

Methods 320 and 320A,

 Sodium, Flame

Photometric Method.

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water

and Wastewater, 16th Edition,

 1985.

Method 212, Temperature.

Method 214A,

 Turbidity, Nephelometric

Method

 Nephelometric Turbidity Units

(for the purposes of Section 611.631

microbiological only)

Method 303A, Determination of Antimony,

etc. by Direct Aspiration into an Air-

Acetylene Flame.

Method 303E, Determination of Arsenic

and Selenium by Conversion to Their

Hydrides by Sodium Borohydride Reagent

and Aspiration into an Atomic Absorption

Atomizer.

Method 304, Determination of Micro

Quantities of Aluminum,

 etc. by

Electrothermal Atomic Absorption

Spectrometry.

Method 307A, Arsenic, Atomic Absorption

Spectrophotometric Method.

Method 307B, Arsenic, Silver Diethyldi-

thiocarbamate Method.

Method 408C, Chlorine (Residual),

Ainperometric Titration Method.

Method 408D, Chlorine (Residual), DPD

Ferrous Titrimetric Method.

Method 408E, Chlorine (Residual), DPD

Colorimetric Method.

32

Method 408F, Chlorine (Residual), Leuco

Crystal Violet Method.

Method 410B, Chlorine Dioxide,

Amperometric Method.

Method 410C, Chlorine Dioxide, DPD

Method (Tentative).

Method 413A, Fluoride, Preliminary

Distillation Step.

Method 413B, Fluoride, Electrode Method.

Method 413C, Fluoride, SPADNS Method.

Method 413E, Fluoride, Complexone

Method.

Method 423, pH Value.

Method 907A, Pour Plate Method.

Method 908, Multiple Tube Fermentation

Technique for Members of the Coliform

Group.

Method 908A, Standard Coliform Multiple-

Tube

 (MPN)

 Tests.

Method 908B, Application of Tests to

Routine Examinations.

Method 908C,

 Fecal Coliform

MPN

Procedure.

Method 908D, Estimation of Bacterial

Density.

Method 908E, Presence-Absence

 (P-A)

Coliform Test (Tentative).

Method 909, Membrane Filter Technique

for Members of the Coliform Group.

Method 909A, Standard Total Coliforin

Membrane Filter Procedure.

Method 909B,

 Delayed Incubation Total

Coliform Procedure.

33

Method 909C, Fecal Coliform Membrane

Filter Procedure.

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water

and Wastewater,

 17th Edition,

 1989.

Method 2320, Alkalinity.

Method 2510, Conductivity.

Method 2550, Temperature.

Method 3111 B, Metals by Flame Atomic

Absorption Spectrometry, Direct Air-

Acetylene Flame Method.

Method 3111 D, Metals by Flame Atomic

 Absorption Spectrometry, Direct Nitrous

Oxide-Acetylene Flame Method.

Method 3112 B, Metals by Cold-Vapor

Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Cold-

Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometric

Method.

Method 3113, Metals by Electrothermal

Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.

Method 3113 B, Metals by Electrothermal

Atomic Absorption Spectrometry,

Electrothermal Atomic Absorption

Spectrometric Method.

Method 3114 B, Metals by Hydride

Generation/Atomic Absorption

Spectrometry, Manual Hydride Generation!

Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Method.

Method 3120,

 Metals by Plasma Emission

Spectroscopy.

Method 3500-Ca D, Calcium, EDTA

Titrimetric Method.

Method 4110, Determination of Anions by

Ion Chromatography.

Method 4500-eN D, Cyanide, Titrimetric

Method.

Method 4500-eN E,

 Cyanide, Colorimetric

Method.

34

Method 4500-CN F, Cyanide, Cyanide-

Selective Electrode Method.

Method 4500-CN G,

 Cyanide, Cyanides

Amenable to Chlorination after

Distillation.

Method 4500-H~,pH Value.

Method 4500-NOj E, Nitrogen (Nitrate),

Cadmium Reduction Method.

Method 4500-NO3 F, Nitrogen (Nitrate),

Automated Cadmium Reduction Method.

Method 4500-03, Ozone

 (Residual), Indigo

Colorimetric Method

 (Proposed).

Method 4500-P F, Phosphorus, Automated

Ascorbic Acid Reduction Method.

Method 4500—Si D,

 Silica, Molybdosili-

cate Method.

Method 4500-Si

E,

 Silica, Heteropoly

Blue Method.

Method 4500-Si F,

 Silica, Automated

method for Molybdate-Reactive Silica.

Advanced Polymer Systems,

 3696 Haven Avenue,

Redwood City,

CA

94063

 415/ 366—2626:

AEPA—1 Polymer.

 See 40 CFR 141.22(a).

 Also,

as referenced in ASTI4 D1889.

Environetics,

 Inc.,

 21 Business Park Drive,

Branford, CT

06405

 800/321—0207:

lIMO-MUG tests:

 Colilert P/A or Colilert MPN.

ERDA Health and Safety Laboratory, New York,

NY:

HASL Procedure Manual, HASL 300,

 1973.

See

40 CFR 141.25(b) (2).

Millipore Corporation, Waters Chromatography

Division,

 34 Maple St., Milford, MA

01757

800/252—4752:

35

Waters Test Method for the Determination of

Nitrite/Nitrate in Water Using Single Column

Ion Chromatography, Method B-lOll.

NCR?.

 National Council on Radiation Protection,

7910 Woodmont Ave., Bethesda, MD

 (301)

 657—2652:

“Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum

Permissible Concentrations of Radionuclides

in Air and in Water for Occupational

 Exposure”, NCR? Report Number 22, June 5,

1959.

NTIS.

 National Technical Information Service,

5285 Port Royal Road,

 Springfield, VA

22161

(703)

 487—4600 or

 (800)

 336—4700:

Analytical Method for Determination of

Asbestos Fibers in Water, EPA—600/4-83-043,

September,

 1983, Doc. No. PB83—26047l.

“Methods of Chemical Analysis of Water and

Wastes”, March,

 1979.

 EPA—600/4—79—020,

Doc. No. PB84—297686.

“Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and

Wastes”, March,

 1983, Doc.

 No. PB84—128677,

for all methods referenced except methods

180.1

 (turbidity, Section 611.560) and 273.1

and 273.2

 (sodium, Section 611.630).

“Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and

Wastes”, March,

 1979, Doc. No. PB84—128677,

only for methods 180.1

 (turbidity,

 Section

611.560) and 273.1 and 273.2

 (sodium, Section

611.630).

“Methods for the Determination of Metals in

Environmental Samples”,

 1991, Doc. No. PB91-

231498.

“Methods for the Determination of Organic

Compounds in Finished Drinking Water and Raw

Source Water”, EPA/600/4—88/039, September,

1986,

 Doc. No. PB89—220461.

 (For the

purposes of Section 611.647 only.)

“Methods for the Determination of Organic

Compounds in Drinking Water”, EPA/600/4-

 88/039, December,

 1988, Doc. Nos. PB91—231480

and PB91-l46027.

 (For the purposes of

Section 611.646 and 611.648 only;

 including

36

Method 515.1, revision 5.0 and Method 525.1,

revision 3.0

 (May,

 1991).)

“Methods for the Determination of Organic

ComPounds in Finished Drinking Water”.

EPA/600/4—88/039. revised July,

 1991.

 (For

the purposes of Section 611.685 only;

including methods 502.2 and 524.2.)

“Microbiological Methods for Monitoring the

Environment:

 Water and Wastes”,

 R. Bodner

and J. Winter,

 1978.

 EPA—600/8—78—017,

 Dcc.

No. PB290—329/LP.

“Procedures for Radiochemical Analysis of

Nuclear Reactor Aqueous Solutions”,

 H.L.

Krieger and S.

 Gold, EPA-R4-73-0l4, May,

1973,

 Dcc. No. PB222—154/7BA.

ORD Publications, CERI,

 EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268:

“Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and

Wastes”,

 March,

 1983,

 (EPA—600/4—79—020), for

all methods referenced except methods 180.1

(turbidity, Section 611.560) and 273.1 and

273.2

 (sodium, Section 611.630).

“Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and

Wastes”, March,

 1979,

 (EPA—600/4—79—020),

only for methods 180.1 (turbidity, Section

611.560) and 273.1 and 273.2

 (sodium, Section

611.630).

“Methods for the Determination of Organic

Compounds in Drinking Water”, EPA/600/4-

88/039, December,

 1988, Doc. Nos. PB91—231480

and PB91-l46027.

 (For the purposes of

Section 611.646 only.)

 See NTIS.

Orion Research, Inc.,

 529 Main St., Boston, MA

02129

 800/225—1480:

Orion Guide to Water and Wastewater Analysis,

Form WeWWG/5880,

p.

5.

Technicon Industrial Systems, Tarrytown,

NY

10591:

“Fluoride in Water and Wastewater”,

Industrial Method #129—71W, December,

1972

See 40 CFR 141.23(f)(10), footnotes

 6 and 7.

37

“Fluoride in Water and Wastewater”, #380—

75WE, February,

 1976.

 See 40 CFR

141.23(f) (10),

 footnotes 6 and 7.

United States Environmental Protection Agency,

EMSL, EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268:

“The Analysis of Trihalomethanes

 in Drinking

Waters by the Purge and Trap Method”, Method

501.1.

 See 40 CFR 141, Subpart C, Appendix

C.

“The Analysis of Trihalomethanes in Drinking

Water by Liquid/Liquid Extraction,” Method

501.2.

 See 40 CFR 141, Subpart C, Appendix

C.

“Inductively Coupled Plasma—Atomic Emission

Spectrometric Method for Trace Element

Analysis in Water and Wastes

 Method 200.7,

with Appendix to Method 200.7” entitled,

“Inductively Coupled Plasma—Atomic Emission

Analysis of Drinking Water”

 (Appendix

200.7A), March 1987 (EPA/600/4—91/OlO).

See

40 CFR 136, Appendix C.

“Interim Radiochemical Methodology for

Drinking Water”, EPA-600/4—75—008

 (Revised)

March,

 1976.

“Methods for the Determination of Organic

Compounds in Finished Drinking Water and Raw

Source Water”,

 September,

 1986.

 (For the

purposes of Section 611.647 only).

 See NTIS.

“Methods e~—forChemical Analysis of Water

and Wastes”.

 See NTIS and ORD Publications.

Microbiological Methods for Monitoring the

Environment, Water and Wastes”.

 See NTIS

“Procedures for Radiochemical Analysis of

Nuclear Reactor Aqueous Solutions”.

See

NTIS.

U.S. EPA-O5T

 (United States Environmental

Protection Agency, Office of Science and

Technology), P.O Box 1407, Arlington, VA

 22313:

“Tetra- through Octa- Chlorinated Dioxins and

Furans by Isotope Dilution”.

38

United States Environmental Protection Agency,

Science and Technology Branch, Criteria and

Standards Division, Office of Drinking Water,

Washington D.C.

 20460:

“Guidance Manual for Compliance with the

Filtration and Disinfection Requirements for

 Public Water Systems using Surface Water

Sources”, October,

 1989.

USGS.

 United States Geological Survey, 1961 Stout

St.,

 Denver, CO

80294

 303/844—4169:

Techniques of Water—Resources Investigation

of the United States Geological Survey:

Book 5, Chapter A—l, “Methods for

Determination of Inorganic Substances in

Water and Fluvial Sediments”,

 3d ed.,

Open-File Report 85—495,

 1989.

c)

 The Board incorporates the following federal

regulations by reference:

40 CFR 136, Appendix B and C

 (1991.3).

40 CFR 141, Subpart

 C, Appendix C

 (1991.3).

d)

 This Part incorporates no later amendments or editions.

(Source:

 Amended at 18 Ill. Reg.

________,

 effective

SUBPART B:

 FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION

Section 611.212

 Groundwater under Direct Influence of Surface

Water

The Agency shall, pursuant to Section 611.201, require all CWSs

to demonstrate whether they are using “groundwater under the

direct influence of surface water” by June 29,

 1994. The Agency

shall determine with information provided by the supplier whether

a PWS uses “groundwater under the direct influence of surface

water” on an individual basis.

 The Agency shall determine that a

groundwater source

 is under the direct influence of surface water

based upon:

a)

 Physical characteristics of the source:

 whether the

source is obviously a surface water source, such as a

lake or stream.

 Other sources which may be subject to

influence from surface waters include: springs,

39

infiltration galleries, wells or other collectors in

subsurface aquifers.

b)

 Well construction characteristics and geology with

field evaluation.

1)

 The Agency may use the wellhead protection

program’s requirements, which include delineation

of wellhead protection areas, assessment of

sources of contamination and implementation of

management control systems, to determine if the

wellhead is under the influence of surface water.

2)

 Wells less than or equal to 50 feet in depth are

likely to be under the influence of surface water.

3)

 Wells greater than 50 feet in depth are likely to

be under the influence of surface water, unless

they include:

A)

 A surface sanitary seal using bentonite clay,

concrete similar material-~

B)

 A well casing that penetrates consolidated

(slowly permeable) material-~—A~nd7

C)

 A well casing that is only perforated or

screened below consolidated

 (slowly

permeable)

 material.

4)

 A source which is less than 200 feet from any

surface water is likely to be under the influence

of surface water~

c)

 Any structural modifications to prevent the direct

influence of surface water and eliminate the potential

for Giardia lamblia cyst contamination.

d)

 Source water quality records.

 The following are

indicative that a source is under the influence of

surface water:

1)

 A record of total coliform or fecal coliforin

contamination in untreated samples collected over

the past three years,-~

2)

 A history of turbidity problems associated with

the source~-.—92r,-

3)

 A history of known or suspected outbreaks of

Giardia lamblia or other pathogenic organism

associated with surface water

 (e.g.

40

cryptosporidium),

 which has been attributed to

that source.

e)

 Significant and relatively rapid shifts in water

characteristics such as turbidity, temperature,

conductivity or pH.

1)

 A variation in turbity of 0.5 NTU or more over one

year is indicative of surface influence.

2)

 A variation in temperature of 9 Fahrenheit degrees

or more over one year is indicative of surface

influence.

f)

 Significant and relatively rapid shifts in water

characteristics such as turbidity, temperature,

conductivity or pH which closely correlate to

climatological or surface water conditions are

indicative of surface water influence.

1)

 Evidence of particulate matter associated with the

surface water.

 Oar,

2)

 Turbidity or temperature data which correlates to

that of a nearby water source.

g)

 Particulate analysis:

 Significant occurance of insects

or other macroorganisms,

 algae or large diameter

pathogens such as Giardia lamblia is indicative of

surface influence.

1)

 “Large diameter” particulates are those over

7

micrometers.

2)

 Particulates must be measured as specified in the

“Guidance Manual for Compliance with the

Filtration and Disinfection Requirements for

Public Water Systems using Surface Water Sources”,

incorporated by reference in Section 611.102.

h)

 The potential for contamination by small—diameter

pathogens, such as bacteria or viruses, does not alone

render the source “under the direct influence of

surface water”.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from the definition of

“groundwater under the direct influence of surface

water” in 40 CFR 141.2, 3doptcd ~t 54 Fed. Rcg.

 2752-6--i-

Junc 2~, 1989 (1993)

 from the Preamble at 54 Fed.

Reg. 274897 ~June 29,

 19891;

 and from the USEPA

“Guidance Manual for Compliance with the Filtration and

Disinfection Requirements for Public Water Systems

41

using Surface Water Sources”, incorporated by reference

 in Section 611.102.

(Source:

 Amended at 18 Ill. Reg.

________,

 effective

SUBPART

 LEAD

AND COPPER

Section 611.356

 Tap Water Monitoring for Lead and Copper

a)

 Sample site location.

1)

 Selecting a pool of targeted sampling sites.

A)

 By the applicable date for commencement of

monitoring under subsection

 (d) (1)

 below,

each supplier shall complete a materials

evaluation of its distribution system in

order to identify a pool of targeted sampling

sites that meets the requirements of this

Section.

B)

 The pool of targeted sampling sites must be

sufficiently large to ensure that the

supplier can collect the number of lead and

copper tap samples required by subsection

(c)

below.

C)

 The supplier shall select the sites for

collection of first draw samples from this

pool of targeted sampling sites.

D)

 The supplier shall not select as sampling

sites any faucets that have point-of—use or

point-of—entry treatment devices designed to

remove or capable of removing inorganic

contaminants.

2)

 Materials evaluation.

A)

 A supplier shall use the information on lead,

copper, and galvanized steel collected

pursuant to 40 CFR 141.42(d)

 (special

monitoring for corrosivity characteristics)

 when conducting a materials evaluation.

B)

 When an evaluation of the information

collected pursuant to 40 CFR 141.42(d)

is

insufficient to locate the requisite number

of lead and copper sampling sites that meet

the targeting criteria in subsection

(a)

42

above, the supplier shall review the

following sources of information in order to

identify a sufficient number of sampling

sites:

i)

 all plumbing codes, permits, and records

in the files of the building

department(s) that indicate the plumbing

materials that are installed within

publicly- and privately-owned structures

connected to the distribution system;

ii)

 all inspections and records of the

distribution system that indicate the

material composition of the service

connections which connect a structure to

the distribution system;

iii) all existing water quality information,

which includes the results of all prior

analyses of the system or individual

structures connected to the system,

indicating locations that may be

particularly susceptible to high lead or

copper concentrations; and

iv)

 the supplier shall seek to collect such

information where possible in the course

of its normal operations

 (e.g., checking

service line materials when reading

water meters or performing maintenance

 activities).

3)

 Tiers of sampling sites.

 Suppliers shall

categorize the sampling sites within their pool

according to the following tiers:

A)

CWS

Tier

 1 sampling sites.

 “CWS Tier

1

sampling sites” shall include the following

single-family structures:

i)

 those that contain copper pipes with

lead solder installed after 1982 or

which contain lead pipes; or

ii)

 those that are served by a lead service

line.

BOARD NOTE:

 This allows the pool of CWS

tier

 1 sampling sites to consist

exclusively of structures served by lead

service lines.

43

B)

CWS

Tier 2 sampling sites.

 “CWS Tier

2

sampling sites” shall include the following

buildings,

 including multiple-family

structures:

i)

 those that contain copper pipes with

lead solder installed after 1982 or

contain lead pipes; or

ii)

 those that are served by a lead service

line.

BOARD NOTE:

 This allows the pool of CWS

tier

 2 sampling sites to consist

exclusively of structures served by lead

service lines.

C)

CWS

Tier

 3 sampling sites.

 “CWS Tier

3

sampling sites” shall include the following

single-family structures:

 those that contain

copper pipes with lead solder installed

before 1983.

D)

 NTNCWS Tier

 1 sampling sites.

 “NTNCWS Tier 1

sampling sites” shall include the following

buildings:

i)

 those that contain copper pipes with

lead solder installed after 1982 or

which contain lead pipes; or

ii)

 those that are served by a lead service

line.

BOARD NOTE:

 This allows the pool of

NTNCWS

tier

 1 sampling sites to consist

exclusively of buildings served by lead

service lines.

E)

 Alternative NTNCWS sampling sites.

“Alternative NTNCWS sampling sites” shall

include the following buildings:

 those that

contain copper pipes with lead solder

installed before 1983.

4)

 Selection of sampling sites.

 Suppliers shall

select sampling sites for their sampling pool as

follows:

A)

CWS

Suppliers.

CWS

suppliers shall use CWS

tier

 1 sampling sites, except that the

supplier may include CWS tier

 2 or

CWS

tier

3

44

sampling sites in its sampling pool as

follows:

i)

 If multiple—family residences comprise

at least 20 percent of the structures

served by a supplier, the supplier may

use

CWS

tier

 2 sampling sites

 in its

sampling pool; or

ii)

 If the

CWS

supplier has an insufficient

number of

CWS

tier

 1 sampling sites on

its distribution system, the supplier

may use

CWS

tier 2 sampling sites in its

sampling pool;

or

iii)

 If fewer than 20 percent of the

structures served by the supplier are

multiple—family residences,

 and the CWS

supplier has an insufficient number of

CWS

tier

 1 and

CWS

tier 2 sampling sites

on its distribution system, the supplier

may complete its sampling pool with CWS

tier

 3 sampling sites.

iv)

 If the supplier has an insufficient

number of

CWS

tier 1 sampling sites,

CWS

tier 2 sampling sites, and

CWS

tier

3

sampling sites, the supplier shall use

those

CWS

tier

 1 sampling sites,

CWS

tier

 2 sampling sites, and

CWS

tier

3

sampling sites that it has, and the

supplier shall randomly select an

additional pool of representative sites

on its distribution system for the

 balance of its sampling sites.

B)

 NTNCWS suppliers.

i)

 An NTNCWS supplier shall select NTNCWS

tier

 1 sampling sites for its sampling

pool,

 except if the NTNCWS supplier has

an insufficient number of NTNCWS tier

1

sampling sites, the supplier may

complete its sampling pool with

alternative NTNCWS sampling sites.

ii)

 If the NTNCWS supplier has an

insufficient number of NTNCWS tier

1

sampling sites and NTNCWS alternative

sampling sites,

 the supplier shall use

those NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites and

NTNCWS alternative sampling sites that

45

it has, and the supplier shall randomly

select an additional pool of

representative sites on its distribution

system for the balance of its sampling

sites.

C)

 Agency submission by suppliers with an

insufficient number of

CWS

or NTNCWS tier 1

sampling sites.

i)

 Any CWS

or NTNCWS supplier whose

sampling pool does not include a

sufficient number of sites to consist

exclusively of

CWS

tier

 1 sampling sites

or NTNCWS tier

 1 sampling sites, as

appropriate, shall submit a letter to

the Agency under Section 611.360(a) (2)

that demonstrates why a review of the

 information listed in subsection

 (a) (2)

above was inadequate to locate a

sufficient number of

CWS

tier

 1 sampling

sites or NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites.

ii)

 Any CWS supplier that wants to include

CWS

tier 3 sampling sites

 in its

sampling pool shall demonstrate in a

letter to the Agency why it was unable

to locate a sufficient number of CWS

tier

 1 sampling sites and

CWS

tier

2

sampling sites.

iii)

 If the Agency determines, based on the

information submitted pursuant to

subsection

 (a) (4) (C) (i) or

 (a) (4) (C) (ii)

above, that either the information was

inadequate to locate a sufficient number

of

CWS

tier

 1 sampling sites or NTNCWS

tier

 1 sampling sites,

 or that the

supplier was unable to locate a

sufficient number of

CWS

tier

 1 sampling

sites and

CWS

tier 2 sampling sites, the

Agency shall issue a SEP to the supplier

pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows

it to use CWS tier

 2 sampling sites,

NTNCWS tier

 2 sampling sites, or CWS

tier

 3 sampling sites,

 as appropriate.

D)

 Suppliers with lead service lines.

Any

supplier whose distribution system contains

lead service lines shall draw samples during

each six—month monitoring period from

sampling

sites

follows:

46

1)

 50 percent of the samples from sampling

sites that contain lead pipes or from

sampling sites that have copper pipes

with lead solder, and

ii)

 50 percent of those samples from sites

served by a lead service line.

iii) A supplier that cannot identify a

sufficient

number

of sampling sites

served by a lead service line shall

demonstrate in a letter to the Agency

under Section 611.360(a) (4) that it was

unable to locate a sufficient number of

such sites.

iv)

 If the Agency determines, based on the

information submitted pursuant to

subsection

 (a) (4) (D) (iii)

 above, that a

supplier that cannot identify a

sufficient number of sampling sites

served by a lead service line, the

Agency shall issue a SEP to the supplier

pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows

it to collect first draw samples from

all of the sites on its distribution

system identified as being served by

such lines.

BOARD NOTE:

 This allows the pool of

sampling sites to consist exclusively of

structures or buildings served by lead

service lines.

b)

 Sample collection methods.

1)

 All tap samples for lead and copper collected in

accordance with this Subpart, with the exception

lead

service

 line samples collected under

Section

611.354(c),

shall

 be first—draw samples.

2)

 First-draw tap samples.

A)

 Each first-draw tap sample for lead and

copper shall be one liter in volume and have

stood motionless in the plumbing system of

each sampling site for at least six hours.

B)

 First—draw samples from residential housing

shall be collected from the cold water

kitchen tap or bathroom sink tap.

47

C)

 First—draw samples from a non—residential

building shall be collected at an interior

tap from which water is typically drawn for

consumption.

D)

 First-draw samples may be collected by the

supplier or the supplier may allow residents

to collect first—draw samples after

instructing the residents of the sampling

procedures specified in this subsection.

1)

 To avoid problems of residents handling

nitric acid, acidification of first-draw

samples may be done up to 14 days after

the sample is collected.

ii)

 If the first—draw sample

 is not

acidified immediately after collection,

then the sample must stand in the

original container for at least 28 hours

 after acidification.

E)

 If a supplier allows residents to perform

sampling under subsection

 (b) (2) (D)

 above,

the supplier may not challenge the accuracy

of sampling results based on alleged errors

in sample collection.

3)

 Service line samples.

A)

 Each service line sample shall be one liter

in volume and have stood motionless in the

lead service line for at least six hours.

B)

 Lead service line samples shall be collected

in one of the following three ways:

i)

 at the tap after flushing that volume of

water calculated as being between the

tap and the lead service line based on

the interior diameter and length of the

pipe between the tap and the lead

service line;

ii)

 tapping directly into the lead service

line; or

iii)

 if the sampling site is a single—family

structure,

 allowing the water to run

until there is

 a significant change in

temperature that would be indicative of

48

water that has been standing in the lead

service line.

4)

 Follow-up first—draw tap samples.

A)

 A supplier shall collect each follow-up

first—draw tap sample from the same sampling

site from which it collected the previous

sample(s).

B)

 If, for any reason, the supplier cannot gain

 entry to a sampling site in order to collect

a follow-up tap sample, the supplier may

collect the follow—up tap sample from another

sampling site in its sampling pool,

 as long

as the new site meets the same targeting

criteria and is within reasonable proximity

of the original site.

c)

 Number of samples

1)

 Suppliers shall collect at least one sample from

the number of sites listed in the first column of

Section 611.Table D (labelled “standard

monitoring”) during each six—month monitoring

period specified in subsection

 (d) below.

2)

 A supplier conducting reduced monitoring pursuant

to subsection

 (d) (4) below may collect one sample

from the number of sites specified in the second

column of Section 611.Table D

 (labelled “reduced

monitoring”) during each reduced monitoring period

specified in subsection

 (d) (4)

 below.

d)

 Timing of monitoring

1)

 Initial tap sampling.

The first six-month monitoring period for small,

medium—sized and large system suppliers shall

begin on the dates specified in Section 611.Table

~E.

A)

 All large system suppliers shall monitor

during each of two consecutive six-month

periods.

B)

 All small and medium-sized system suppliers

shall monitor during each consecutive six—

month monitoring period until:

49

i)

 the supplier exceeds the lead action

level or the copper action level and is

therefore required to implement the

corrosion control treatment requirements

under Section 611.351,

 in which case the

supplier shall continue monitoring

in

accordance with subsection

 (d) (2)

 below,

or

ii)

 the supplier meets the lead action level

and the copper action level during each

of two consecutive six—month monitoring

periods, in which case the supplier may

reduce monitoring in accordance with

subsection

 (d) (4)

 below.

2)

 Monitoring after installation of corrosion control

and source water treatment.

A)

Any

large system supplier that installs

optimal corrosion control treatment pursuant

to Section 611.351(d) (4)

 shall monitor during

each of two consecutive six—month monitoring

periods before the date specified in Section

611.351(d) (5).

B)

Any

small or medium-sized

system

supplier

that installs optimal corrosion control

treatment pursuant to Section 611.351(e) (5)

shall monitor during each of two consecutive

six—month monitoring periods before the date

specified in Section 611.351(e) (6).

C)

 Any supplier that installs source water

treatment pursuant to Section 611.353 (a) (3)

shall monitor during each of two consecutive

six—month monitoring periods before the date

specified in Section 611.353(a) (4).

3)

 Monitoring after the Agency specification of water

quality parameter values for optimal corrosion

control.

After the Agency specifies the values for water

quality control parameters pursuant to Section

611.352(f), the supplier shall monitor during each

subsequent six-month monitoring period, with the

first six-month monitoring period to begin on the

date the Agency specifies the optimal values.

Reduced

monitoring.

50

Reduction

annual

for

small

and

medium-

sized system suppliers meeting the lead and

copper action levels.

 A small or medium-

sized system supplier that meets the lead and

copper action levels during each of two

consecutive six—month monitoring periods may

reduce the number of samples in accordance

with subsection

(c)

 above, and reduce the

frequency of sampling to once per year.

B)

 SEP allowing reduction to annual for

suppliers maintaining water quality control

parameters.

i)

 The Agency shall,

 by a SEP granted

pursuant to Section 611.110, allow any

supplier to reduce the frequency of

monitoring to annual and the number of

 lead and copper samples to that

specified by subsection

(C)

 above if it

determines that a supplier has, during

each of two consecutive six—month

monitoring periods, maintained the range

of values for the water quality control

parameters specified pursuant to Section

611.352(f)

 as reflecting optimal

corrosion control treatment.

ii)

 Any supplier may request a SEP if it

concurrently provides the Agency with

the information necessary to support a

determination under subsection

(d) (4) (B) (i)

 above.

iii) The Agency shall set forth the basis for

its determination under subsection

(d) (4) (B) (i)

 above.

iv)

 The Agency shall,

 by a SEP issued

pursuant to Section 611.110, review, and

where appropriate, revise its subsection

(d) (4) (B) (i) above determination when

the supplier submits new monitoring or

treatment data,

 or when other data

relevant to the number and frequency of

tap sampling becomes available to the

Agency.

C)

 Reduction to triennial for small and medium-

sized system suppliers.

i)

 Small and medium-sized system suppliers

meeting lead and copper action levels.

A small or medium—sized system supplier

that meets the lead and copper action

 levels during three consecutive years of

monitoring may reduce the frequency of

monitoring for lead and copper from

annually to once every three years.

ii)

 SEP for suppliers meeting optimal

corrosion control treatment.

 The Agency

shall, by a SEP granted pursuant to

Section 611.110, allow a supplier to

reduce its monitoring frequency from

annual to triennial if it determines

that the supplier, during each of three

consecutive years of monitoring, has

maintained the range of values for the

water quality control parameters

specified as representing optimal

corrosion control treatment pursuant to

Section 611.352(f).

Any

supplier may

request a SEP if it concurrently

provides the Agency with the information

necessary to support a determination

under this subsection.

 The Agency shall

set forth the basis for its

determination.

 The Agency shall,

 by a

SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110,

review, and where appropriate, revise

its determination when the supplier

submits new monitoring or treatment

data, or when other data relevant to the

number and frequency of tap sampling

becomes available to the Agency.

D)

 Sampling at a reduced frequency.

 A supplier

that reduces the number and frequency of

sampling shall collect these samples from

sites included in the pool of targeted

 sampling sites identified in subsection

(a)

above, preferentially selecting those

sampling sites from the highest tier first.

Suppliers sampling annually or less

frequently shall conduct the lead and copper

tap sampling during the months of June,

 July,

August, or September.

E)

 Resumption of standard monitoring.

i)

 Small or medium—sized suppliers

exceeding lead or copper action level.

52

A small or medium—sized system supplier

subject to reduced monitoring that

exceeds the lead action level or the

copper action level shall resume

sampling in accordance subsection

 (d) (3)

above and collect the number of samples

specified for standard monitoring under

subsection

(C)

 above.

 Such a supplier

shall also conduct water quality

parameter monitoring in accordance with

Section 611.357

 (b),

 (c), or

(d)

(as

appropriate) during the six-month

monitoring period in which it exceeded

the action level.

ii)

 Suppliers failing to operate within

water quality control parameters.

Any

supplier subject to reduced monitoring

frequency that fails to operate within

the range of values for the water

quality control parameters specified

pursuant to Section 611.352(f)

 shall

resume tap water sampling in accordance

with subsection

 (d) (3) above and collect

the number of samples specified for

standard monitoring under subsection

(c)

above.

e)

 Additional monitoring.

 The results of any monitoring

conducted in addition to the minimum requirements of

this section shall be considered by the supplier and

the Agency in making any determinations (i.e.,

calculating the 90th percentile lead action level or

the copper level) under this Subpart.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.86

 (1991.3).

(Source:

 Amended at

18

 Ill.

 Reg.

________,

 effective

___________

_________________________________

)

SUBPART L:

 MICROBIOLOGICAL MONITORING

AND

ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section 611.532

 Unfiltered PWSs

A supplier that uses a surface water source and does not provide

filtration treatment shall begin monitoring December 31,

 1990,

unless the Agency has determined, pursuant to Section 611.211,

that filtration is required,

 in which case the Agency shall

specify alternative monitoring requirements, as appropriate,

until filtration is in place.

 A supplier that uses a groundwater

53

source under the direct influence of surface water and does not

 provide filtration treatment shall begin monitoring beginning

December 31,

 1990, or 6 months after the Agency determines,

pursuant to Section 611.212, that the groundwater source is under

the direct influence of surface water, whichever is later, unless

the Agency has determined that filtration is required,

 in which

case the Agency shall specify alternative monitoring

requirements, as appropriate, until filtration is in place.

a)

 Fecal colifo~mor total coliform density measurements

as required by Section 611.231(a) must be performed on

representative source water samples immediately prior

to the first or only point of disinfectant application.

The supplier shall sample for fecal or total coliforms

at the minimum frequency specified in Table B each week

the supplier serves water to the public.

 Also,

one

fecal or total coliform density measurement must be

made every day the supplier serves water to the public

and the turbidity of the source water exceeds

 1 NTU

(these samples count towards the weekly coliform

sampling requirement) unless the Agency determines that

the supplier, for logistical reasons outside the

supplier’s control cannot have the sample analyzed

within 30 hours of collection.

b)

 Turbidity measurements as required by Section

611.231(b) must be performed on representative grab

samples of source water immediately prior to the first

or only point of disinfectant application every four

 hours

 (or more frequently) that the supplier serves

water to the public.

 A supplier may substitute

continuous turbidity monitoring for grab sample

monitoring if it validates the continuous measurement

for accuracy on a regular basis using a protocol

approved by special exception permit.

c)

 The total inactivation ratio for each day that the

supplier is in operation must be determined based on

the CT99.9~9values in Appendix B as appropriate.

The

parameters necessary to determine the total

inactivation ratio must be monitored as follows:

1)

 The temperature of the disinfected water must be

measured at least once per day at each

RDC

sampling point.

2)

 If the supplier uses chlorine, the pH of the

disinfected water must be measured at least once

per day at each chlorine

RDC

sampling point.

54

3)

 The disinfectant contact time(s)

 (“T”) must be

determined for each day during peak hourly flow.

4)

 The RDC(s)

 (“C”)

 of the water before or at the

first customer must be measured each day during

peak hourly flow.

5)

 If a supplier uses a disinfectant other than

chlorine, the supplier may monitor by other

methods approved pursuant to Section 611.241(a) (1)

and

 (2).

d)

 The total inactivation ratio must be calculated as

 follows:

1)

 If the supplier uses only one point of

disinfectant application, the supplier may

determine the total inactivation ratio based on

either of the following two methods:

A)

 One inactivation ratio

(Ai

CTcalc~/CT99.9~9)is determined before or at

the first customer during peak hourly flow

and,

 if the Ai is greater than 1.0, the 99.9

percent Giardia lamblia inactivation

requirement has been achieved;

or

B)

 Successive Ai values, representing sequential

inactivation ratios, are determined between

the point of disinfectant application and a

point before or at the first customer during

peak hourly flow.

 Under this alternative,

the following method must be used to

calculate the total inactivation ratio:

i)

 Determine,

 for each sequence:

Ai

 CTcalc~/CT99.9~9

ii)

 Add the Ai values together:

B

S~M~(Ai)

iii)

 If B is greater than 1.0, the 99.9

percent Giardia

 lainblia inactivation

requirement has been achieved.

2)

 If the supplier uses more than one point of

disinfectant application before or at the first

customer, the supplier shall determine the CT

value of each disinfection sequence immediately

55

prior to the next point of disinfectant

application during peak hourly flow.

 The Ai value

of each sequence and B must be calculated using

the method in subsection

 (d) (1) (B) to determine if

the supplier is in compliance with Section

611.241.

3)

 Although not required, the total percent

inactivation

 (P1) for a supplier with one or more

points of

RDC

monitoring may be calculated as

follows:

P1

100

—

 (100/103B)

e)

The

RDC

of the water entering the distribution system

must be monitored continuously, and the lowest value

must be recorded each day, except that if there is a

failure in the continuous monitoring equipment,

 grab

sampling every

 4 hours may be conducted in lieu of

continuous monitoring, but for no more than 5 working

days following the failure of the equipment,

and

suppliers serving 3,300 or fewer persons may take grab

samples in lieu of providing continuous monitoring on

an ongoing basis at the frequencies prescribed in Table

C.

 If at any time the

RDC

falls below 0.2 mg/L in a

system using grab sampling in lieu of continuous

monitoring, the supplier shall take a grab sample every

4 hours until the

RDC

is equal to or greater than 0.2

mg/L.

f)

 Points of measurement.

1)

 The RDC must be measured at least at the same

points in the distribution system and at the same

time as total coliforms are sampled, as specified

in Section 611.521 et seq.,

 except that the Agency

shall allow a supplier which uses both a surface

water source or a groundwater source under direct

influence of surface water,

 and a groundwater

source to take disinfectant residual samples at

points other than the total coliform sampling

points if the Agency determines,

 by special

exception permit, that such points are more

representative of treated (disinfected) water

quality within the distribution system.

 HPC may

be measured in lieu of RDC.

2)

 If the Agency determines, pursuant to Section

611.213,

 a supplier has no means for having a

sample analyzed for HPC, the requirements of

subsection

 (f) (1) do not apply to that supplier.

56

BOARD

NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.74 (b)

(19~.3),zia amondcd at 54 Fed. Rcg.

 27526,

 June

29,

 1989.

(Source:

 Amended at 18 Ill. Reg.

________,

 effective

__________

SUBPART N:

 INORGANIC MONITORING

AND

ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section 611.602

 Asbestos Monitoring Frequency

The frequency of monitoring conducted to determine compliance

with the MCL for asbestos in Section 611.301 is as follows:

a)

 Unless the Agency has determined under subsection

(C)

that the PWS is not vulnerable,

 each

CWS

and NTNCWS

supplier shall monitor for asbestos during the first

compliance period of each compliance cycle, beginning

January

1,

 1993.

b)

CWS

suppliers may apply to the Agency, by way of an

application for a SEP under Section 611.110,

 for a

determination that the

CWS

is not vulnerable based on

consideration of the criteria listed in subsection

(c)

below.

C)

 The Agency shall determine that the

CWS

is “not

vulnerable” if the

CWS

is not vulnerable to

contamination either from asbestos in its source water,

from corrosion of asbestos—cement pipe,

 or from both,

based on a consideration of the following factors:

1)

 Potential asbestos contamination of the water

source; and

2)

 The use of asbestos-cement pipe for finished water

distribution and the corrosive nature of the

water.

d)

 A SEP based on a determination that a

CWS

is not

vulnerable to asbestos contamination expires at the end

of the compliance cycle for which it was issued.

e)

 A supplier of a PWS vulnerable to asbestos

contamination due solely to corrosion of

asbestos—cement pipe shall take one sample at a tap

served by asbestos—cement pipe and under conditions

where asbestos contamination is most likely to occur.

f)

 A supplier of a PWS vulnerable to asbestos

contamination due solely to source water shall monitor

in accordance with Section 611.601.

g)

 A supplier of a PWS vulnerable to asbestos

contamination due both to its source water supply and

corrosion of asbestos—cement pipe shall take one sample

at a tap served by asbestos—cement pipe and under

conditions where asbestos contamination is most likely

to occur.

h)

 A supplier that exceeds the MCL, as determined in

Section 611.609, shall monitor quarterly beginning in

the next quarter after the violation occurred.

i)

 Reduction of quarterly monitoring.

1)

 The Agency shall issue a SEP pursuant to Section

611.110 that reduces the monitoring frequency to

that specified by subsection

(a)

 if it determines

that the sampling point is reliably and

consistently below the MCL.

2)

 The request must,

 at a minimum, include the

following information:

A)

 For a GWS:

 two quarterly samples.

B)

 For an SWS or mixed system:

 four quarterly

samples.

3)

 In issuing a SEP, the Agency shall specify the

level of the contaminant upon which the “reliably

and consistently” determination was based.

All

SEPs that allow less frequent monitoring based on

an Agency “reliably and consi~tently”

determination shall include a condition requiring

the supplier to resume quarterly monitoring

pursuant to subsection

(h)

 above if it violates

the MCL specified by Section 611.609.

j)

 If the Agency determines that data collected after

January

 1, 1990 are generally consistent with the

requirements of this Section, it may grant a SEP

pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows the

supplier to use those data to satisfy the

requirements of this Section for the compliance

period beginning January

1,

 1993.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(b)

(1994.3).

58

(Source:

 Amended at

 18 Ill.

 Reg.

________,

 effective

__________

Section 611.603

 Inorganic Monitoring Frequency

The frequency of monitoring conducted to determine compliance

with the revised MCL5 in Section 611.301 for antimony, barium,

beryllium,

 cadmium, chromium, cyanide,

 fluoride, mercury, nickel,

selenium, and thallium is as follows:

a)

 Suppliers shall take samples at each sampling point,

beginning in the initial compliance period, as follows:

1)

 For GWSs:

 at least one sample every three years;

2)

 For SWSs and mixed systems:

 at least one sample

each year.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(c) (1)

(199~.3), ar3 amended at 57 Fed.

 llcg.

31839

 (July

17,

 1992).

b)

 SEP Application.

 The supplier may apply to the Agency

for a SEP that allows reduction from the monitoring

frequencies specified in subsection

 (a) above pursuant

to subsections

 (d) through

 (f) below and Section

611.110.

BOARD NOTE:

 Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23 (c) (2) and

 (c) (6)

(1991.3).

C)

 SEP Procedures.

 The Agency shall review the request

pursuant to the SEP procedures of Section 611.110 based

on consideration of the factors in subsection

(e)

below.

BOARD NOTE:

 Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(c) (6)

 (1994.3).

d)

 Standard for SEP reduction in monitoring.

 The Agency

shall grant a SEP that allows a reduction in the

monitoring frequency if the supplier demonstrates that

all previous analytical results were less than the MCL,

provided the supplier meets the following minimum data

requirements:

1)

 For GWS suppliers:

 a minimum of three rounds of

monitoring.

2)

 For SWS and mixed system suppliers:

 annual

monitoring for at least three years.

3)

 At least one sample must have been taken since

January

1,

 1990.

iL

 A supplier that uses a new water source

 is not

eligible for a SEP until

 it completes three rounds

of monitoring from the new source.

BOARD NOTE:

 Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(c) (4)

(1994.3).

e)

 Standard for SEP monitoring conditions.

 As a condition

of any SEP, the Agency shall require that the supplier

take a minimum of one sample during the term of the

SEP.

 In determining the appropriate reduced monitoring

frequency,

 the Agency shall consider:

1)

 Reported concentrations from all previous

monitoring;

2)

 The degree of variation in reported

concentrations; and

3)

 Other factors may affect contaminant

concentrations,

 such as changes in groundwater

pumping rates, changes in the CWS5 configuration,

the CWS’s operating procedures, or changes in

stream flows or characteristics.

BOARD

NOTE:

 Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(c) (3) and

(c)

(5)

(1994.3).

f)

 SEP Conditions and Revision.

1)

 A SEP will expire at the end of the compliance

cycle for which it was issued.

BOARD NOTE:

 Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(c) (3)

(1994.3)

2)

 In issuing a SE?, the Agency shall specify the

level of the contaminant upon which the “reliably

and consistently” determination was based.

 A SEP

must provide that the Agency will review and,

where appropriate, revise its determination of the

appropriate monitoring frequency when the supplier

submits new monitoring data or when other data

relevant to the supplier’s appropriate monitoring

frequency become available.

BOARD NOTE:

 Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(c) (6)

(1994.3).

60

g)

 A supplier that exceeds the MCL for barium, cadmium,

chromium, fluoride, mercury, or selenium,

 as determined

in Section 611.609,

 shall monitor quarterly for that

contaminant, beginning in the next quarter after the

violation occurred.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(c) (7)

 (1994.3).

h)

 Reduction of quarterly monitoring.

1)

 The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to Section

611.110 that reduces the monitoring frequency to

that specified by subsection

(a)

 above if it

determines that the sampling point is reliably and

consistently below the MCL.

2)

 A request for a SEP must include the following

minimal information:

A)

 For a GWS:

 two quarterly samples.

B)

 For an SWS or mixed system:

 four quarterly

samples.

3)

 In issuing the SEP, the Agency shall specify the

level of the contaminant upon which the “reliably

and consistently” determination was based.

All

SEPs that allow less frequent monitoring based on

an Agency “reliably and consistently”

determination shall include a condition requiring

the supplier to resume quarterly monitoring for

any contaminant pursuant to subsection

(g)

 above

if it violates the MCL specified by Section

611.609 for that contaminant.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(c) (8)

(1991.3).

(Source:

 Amended at 18 Ill. Reg.

 effective

_______________________________)

Section 611.607

 More Frequent Monitoring and Confirmation

Sampling

This Section corresponds with 40 CFR 141.23(g),

 a federal

provision authorizing the states to require more frequent

monitoring and confirmation sampling with regard to 40 CFR

141.23(b) through

(e)

 (corresponding with Sections 611.602

through 611. 605).

 The Act authorizes the Board to adopt such

requirements.

 The Board has not done so at this Section.

 This

statement maintains st~u~cturalconsistency with U~S~EPArules.

(Source:

 Amended at 18 Ill. Reg.

________,

 effective

___________

_________________________________

)

Section 611.609

 AvcragingDeterinining Compliance

Compliance with the MCLs of Sections 611.300 or 611.301 (as

appropriate) must be determined based on the analytical result(s)

obtained at each sampling point.

a)

 For suppliers that monitor at a frequency greater than

annual, compliance with the MCL5 for antimony,

asbestos, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium,

cyanide,

 fluoride, mercury, nickel,

 selenium, and

thallium is determined by a running annual average at

each sampling point.

1)

 If the average at any sampling point is greater

than the MCL, then the supplier is out of

compliance.

2)

 If any one sample would cause the annual average

to be exceeded, then the supplier is out of

compliance immediately.

3)

 Any sample below the method detection limit must

be calculated at zero for the purpose of

determining the annual average.

BOARD NOTE:

 The “method detection limit” is

different from the “detection limit”, as set forth

in Section 611.600.

 The “method detection limit”

is the level of contaminant that can be determined

by a particular method with a 95 percent degree of

 confidence,

 as determined by the method outlined

in 40 CFR 136, appendix B, incorporated by

reference at Section 611.102.

b)

 For suppliers that monitor annually or less frequently,

compliance with the MCL5 for antimony, asbestos,

barium, beryllium,

 cadmium, chromium, cyanide,

fluoride, mercury, nickel,

 selenium, and thallium is

determined by the level of the contaminant at any

sampling point.

 If a confirmation sample is taken, the

determination of compliance will be based on the

average of the two samples.

c)

 Compliance with the MCL5 for nitrate and nitrite is

determined based on one sample if the levels of these

contaminants are below the MCLs.

 If the levels of

nitrate or nitrite exceed the MCL5 in the initial

sample, Section 611.606 requires confirmation sampling,

62

and compliance is determined based on the average of

the initial and confirmation samples.

d)

 When the portion of the distribution system that is out

of compliance is separable from other parts of the

distribution system and has no interconnections, the

supplier may give the public notice required by Subpart

T only to persons served by that portion of the

distribution system not in compliance.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(i)

 (1994.3),

ac

amended at 57 Fed.

 flcg.

31839

 (July 17,

 1992).

(Source:

 Amended at

 18 Ill. Reg.

________,

 effective

_________________________________

)

Section 611.612

 Monitoring Requirements for Old Inorganic

MCLs

a)

 Analyses for the purpose of determining compliance with

the old inorganic MCLs of Section 611.300 are required

as follows:

1)

 Analyses for all CWSs utilizing surface water

sources must be repeated at yearly intervals.

2)

 Analyses for all CWSS utilizing only groundwater

sources must be repeated at three—year intervals.

3)

 This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR

141.23(1) (3)

 (1991.3), which requires monitoring

for the repealed old )ICL for nitrate at a

frequency specified by the state.

 The Board has

followed the U.S. EPA lead and repealed that old

MCL.

 This statement maintains structural

consistency with U~S~EPArules~

4)

 This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR

141.23(l)(4)

 (1991.3), which authorizes the state

to determine compliance and initiate enforcement

action.

 This authority exists through the

authorization of the Act, not through federal

rules.

 This statement maintains structural

consistency with U~S~EPArules.

b)

 If the result of an analysis made under subsection

(a)

above indicates that the level

 of any contaminant

listed in Section 611.300 exceeds the old MCL, the

supplier shall report to the Agency within

 7 days and

initiate three additional analyses at the same sampling

point within one month.

63

c)

 When the average of four analyses made pursuant to

subsection

(b)

 above, rounded to the same number of

significant figures as the old MCL for the substance in

question, exceeds the old MCL, the supplier shall

notify the Agency and give notice to the public

pursuant to Subpart P of this Part.

 Monitoring after

public notification must be at a frequency designated

by the Agency by a SEP granted pursuant to Section

611.110 and must continue until the old MCL has not

been exceeded in two successive samples or until a

different monitoring schedule becomes effective as a

condition to a variance, an adjusted standard, a site

specific rule,

 an enforcement action, or another SEP

granted pursuant to Section 611.110.

d)

 This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.23(o)

(1991.3), which pertains to monitoring for the repealed

old MCL for nitrate.

 The Board has followed the U~S~

EPA action and repealed that old MCL.

 This statement

maintains structural consistency with U~S~EPArules.

e)

 This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.23(p)

(1991.3), which pertains to the use of existing data up

until a date long since expired.

 The Board did not

adopt the original provision in R88—26.

 This statement

maintains structural consistency with U~S.,EPArules.

f)

 Analyses conducted to determine compliance with the old

MCLs of Section 611.300 must be made in accordance with

the following methods, incorporated by reference in

Section 611.102.

1)

 Arsenic:

AST)!:

i)

 Method D2972—88A, or

ii

 Method D2972—88B;

B)

 Standard Methods:

i)

 Method 307A,

or

ii)

 Method 307B;

C)

 USGS Methods, Method 1-1062-85;

D)

 U~S~EPAInorganic Methods:

i)

 Method 206.2,

or

64

ii)

 Method 206.3; or

E)

 IC? Method 200.7, as supplemented by appendix

200.7A.

2)

 Fluoride:

 The methods specified in Section

611.611(c)

 shall apply for the purposes of this

Section.

3)

 Cyanide, until the cyanide MCL of Section 611.300

is no longer effective:

A)

 Standard Methods:

 Method 4500-CN

D,

E,

 F, or

G;

B)

 U~S.~EPAInorganic Methods:

 Methods 335.1,

335.2, or 335.3; or

C)

 ASTM Methods D2036-89A or B.

4)

 Iron:

A)

 Standard Methods:

 Method 303A;

B)

 U~S~EPAInorganic Methods:

i)

 Method 236.1,

or

ii)

 Method 236.2; or

C)

 ICP Method 200.7, as supplemented by appendix

200.

7A.

Manganese:

ASTM:

Method

D858-84;

Standard

Methods:

 Method 303A;

U~S~EPAInorganic

 Methods:

i)

Method

243.1,

ii)

Method

243.2;

ICP

 Method

200.7,

supplemented

 appendix

200.7A.

6)

 Zinc:

A)

 Standard Methods:

 Method 303A;

or

B)

 U~S~EPAInorganic Methods:

i)

 Method 289.1, or

ii)

 Method 289.2.

BOARD NOTE:

 The provisions of

subsections

 (a) through

 (f) (3) above

derive from 40 CFR 141.23(1) through

(q)

(1991.3).

 The Board has deleted several

analytical methods codified by U~S~EPA

at 40 CFR 141.23(q)

 (formerly 40

CFR

141.23(f)) because the MCLS of 40 CFR

141.11 expired for those contaminants on

 July 30 and November 30,

 1992.

Subsection

 (f) (2)

 above relates to a

contaminant for which UJ.S~EPAspecifies

a MCL, but for which it repealed the

analytical method.

 Subsections

 (f) (4)

through

 (f) (6) above relate exclusively

to additional state requirements.

The

predecessor to subsections

 (a) through

(e)

 above were formerly codified as

Section 611.601.

 The predecessor to

subsection

(f)

 above was formerly

codified as Section 611.606.

(Source:

 Amended at

18

 Ill. Reg.

________,

 effective

__________

_________________________________

)

SUBPART

0:

ORGANIC

MONITORING

AND

ANALYTICAL

REQUIREMENTS

Section 611.646

 Phase I,

 Phase II,

 and Phase V Volatile

Organic Contaminants

Monitoring of the Phase

 I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs for the

purpose of determining compliance with the MCL must be conducted

as follows:

a)

 Definitions.

 As used in this Section:

“Detect” and “detection” means that the

contaminant of interest is present at a level

greater than or equal to the “detection limit”.

“Detection limit” means 0.0005 mg/L.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f) (7),

 (f)(l1),

 (f)(14)(i), and

 (f)(20)

 (1991.3).

 This is

a “trigger level” for Phase

 I, Phase II, and Phase

V VOCs inasmuch as it prompts further action.

The

66

use of the term “detect” in this section is not

intended to include any analytical capability of

quantifying lower levels of any contaminant,

or

the “method detection limit”.

 Note, however that

certain language at the end of federal paragraph

(f) (20)

 is capable of meaning that the “method

detection limit” is used to derive the “detection

limit”.

 The Board has chosen to disregard that

language at the end of paragraph

 (f) (20)

 in favor

of the more direct language of paragraphs

 (f) (7)

and

 (f) (11).

“Method detection limit”, as used in subsections

(q) and

 (t) below means the minimum concentration

of a substance that can be measured and reported

with 99 percent confidence that the analyte

concentration is greater than zero and is

determined from analysis of a sample in a given

matrix containing the analyte.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 136, Appendix B

(1991.3).

 The method detection limit is determined

by the procedure set forth in 40 CFR 136, Appendix

B.

 See subsection

(t)

 below.

b)

 Required sampling.

 Each supplier shall take a minimum

of one sample at each sampling point at the times

required in subsection

 (u) below.

c)

 Sampling points.

1)

 Sampling points for GWSs.

 Unless otherwise

provided by SE?,

 a GWS supplier shall take at

least one sample from each of the following

points:

 each entry point that is representative

of each well after treatment.

2)

 Sampling points for SWS5 and mixed systems.

Unless otherwise provided by SEP, a SWS or mixed

system supplier shall sample from each of the

following points:

A)

 Each entry point after treatment;

or

B)

 Points in the distribution system that are

representative of each source.

3)

 The supplier shall take each sample at the same

sampling point unless the Agency has granted a SEP

that designates another location as more

representative of each source, treatment plant,

or

within the distribution system.

4)

 If a system draws water from more than one source,

and the sources are combined before distribution,

the supplier shall sample at an entry point during

periods of normal operating conditions when water

is representative of all sources being used.

BOARD NOTE:

 Subsections

 (b) and

(c)

 above derived

from 40 CFR 141.24(f) (1) through

 (f)(3)

 (1991.3).

d)

 Each

CWS

and NTNCWS supplier shall take four

consecutive quarterly samples for each of the Phase I

VOCs, excluding vinyl chloride, and Phase II VOC5

during each compliance period, beginning in the

compliance period starting in the initial compliance

period.

e)

 Reduction to annual monitoring frequency.

 If the

initial monitoring for the Phase

 I, Phase II, and Phase

V VOCs as allowed in subsection

 (r) (1) below has been

completed by December 31, 1992,

 and the supplier did

not detect any of the Phase

 I VOCs,

 including vinyl

chloride, Phase II, or Phase V VOCs,

 then the supplier

shall take one sample annually beginning in the initial

compliance period.

f)

 GWS reduction to triennial monitoring frequency.

 After

a minimum of three years of annual sampling, GWS

suppliers that have not previously detected any of the

Phase I VOCs,

 including vinyl chloride, Phase II,

or

Phase V VOC5 shall take one sample during each three-

year compliance period.

g)

A

CWS

or NTNCWS supplier that has completed the initial

round of monitoring required by subsection

(d)

 above

and which did not detect any of the Phase

 I VOCs,

including vinyl chloride, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs

may apply to the Agency for a SEP pursuant to Section

 611.110 that releases it from the requirements of

subsection

(e)

or

(f)

 above.

 A supplier that serves

fewer than 3300 service connections may apply to the

Agency for a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that

releases it from the requirements of subsection

(d)

above as to 1,2,4—trichlorobenzene.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f) (7) and

(f) (10)

 (1991.3), as amended at 57 Fed.

 flog.

31841

 (July

17,

 1992), and the discussion at 57 Fed. Reg. 31825

(July 17,

 1992).

 Provisions concerning the term of the

waiver appear below in subsections

 (i) and

(j)

below.

The definition of “detect”, parenthetically added to

the federal counterpart paragraph is in subsection

(a)

above.

68

h)

 Vulnerability Assessment.

 The Agency shall consider

the factors of Section 611.110(e)

 in granting a SEP

from the requirements of subsections

 (d),

 (e), or

(f)

above sought pursuant to subsection

(g)

 above.

i)

 A SEP issued to a GWS pursuant to subsection

(g)

 above

is for a maximum of six years,

 except that a SEP as to

the subsection

 (d) above monitoring for 1,2,4-tn-

chlorobenzene shall apply only to the initial round of

 monitoring.

 As a condition of a SE?, except as to a

SEP from the initial round of subsection

 (d) above

monitoring for 1,2,4—trichlorobenzene, the supplier

shall, within 30 months after the beginning of the

period for which the waiver was issued, reconfirm its

vulnerability assessment required by subsection

(h)

above and submitted pursuant to subsection

(g)

 above,

by taking one sample at each sampling point and

reapplying for a SEP pursuant to subsection

(g)

 above.

Based on this application, the Agency shall either:

1)

 If it determines that the PWS meets the standard

of Section 611.610(e),

 issue a SEP that reconfirms

the prior SEP for the remaining three-year

compliance period of the six—year maximum term;

or,

2)

 Issue a new SEP requiring the supplier to sample

annually.

BOARD NOTE:

 This provision does not apply to SWSs

and mixed systems.

j)

 Special considerations for SEPs for SWS and mixed

systems.

1)

 The Agency must determine that a SWS is not

vulnerable before issuing a SEP pursuant to a SWS

supplier.

 A SEP issued to a SWS or mixed system

supplier pursuant to subsection

(g)

 above is for a

maximum of one compliance period; and

2)

 The Agency may require,

 as a condition to a SEP

issued to a SWS or mixed supplier, that the

supplier take such samples for Phase

 I, Phase II,

and Phase V VOC5 at such a frequency as the Agency

determines are necessary, based on the

vulnerability assessment.

BOARD NOTE:

 There is a great degree of similarity

between 40 CFR 141.24(f) (7), the provision

applicable to GWSs,

 and 40 CFR 141.24(f) (10),

the

provision for SWSs.

 The Board has consolidated

69

the

common

requirements

both

paragraphs

into

subsection

(g)

 above.

 Subsection

(j)

 above

represents the elements unique to SWSs and mixed

systems, and subsection

(i)

 above relates to GWSs.

Although 40 CFR 141.24(f) (7) and (f)(1O) are

silent as to mixed systems, the Board has included

mixed systems with SWSs because this best follows

the federal scheme for all other contaminants.

k)

 If one of the Phase

 I VOCs, excluding vinyl chloride,

Phase II, or Phase V VOCs is detected in any sample,

then:

1)

 The supplier shall monitor quarterly for that

contaminant at each sampling point that resulted

in a detection.

2)

 Annual monitoring.

A)

 The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to

Section 611.110 that allows a supplier to

reduce the monitoring frequency to annual at

 a sampling point if it determines that the

sampling point is reliably and consistently

below the MCL.

B)

 A request for a SEP must include the

following minimal information:

1)

 For a GWS, two quarterly samples.

ii)

 For a SWS or mixed system, four

quarterly samples.

C)

 In issuing a SEP, the Agency shall specify

the level of the contaminant upon which the

“reliably and consistently” determination was

based.

 All SEPs that allow less frequent

monitoring based on an Agency “reliably and

consistently” determination shall include a

condition requiring the supplier to resume

quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection

(k) (1)

 above if it violates the MCL specified

by Section 611.311.

3)

 Suppliers that monitor annually shall monitor

during the quarter(s)

 that previously yielded the

highest analytical result.

4)

 Suppliers that do not detect a contaminant at a

sampling point in three consecutive annual samples

may apply to the Agency for a SEP pursuant to

70

Section 611.110 that allows it to discontinue

monitoring for that contaminant at that point,

as

specified in subsection

(g)

 above.

5)

 A GWS supplier that has detected one or more of

the two—carbon contaminants listed in subsection

(k) (5) (A) below shall monitor quarterly for vinyl

 chloride as described in subsection

 (k) (5) (B)

below,

 subject to the limitation of subsection

(k) (5) (C)

 below.

A)

 Two-carbon contaminants

 (Phase I or II VOC):

1,2—Dichloroethane (Phase

I)

1,1—Dichloroethylene

 (Phase

I)

cis—1, 2-Dichloroethylene (Phase II)

trans—i, 2—Dichloroethylene (Phase II)

Tetrachloroethylene (Phase II)

1,1,1—Trichloroethylene (Phase

I)

Trichloroethylene (Phase

I)

B)

 The supplier shall sample quarterly for vinyl

chloride at each sampling point at which it

detected one or more of the two-carbon

contaminants listed in subsection

 (k) (5) (A)

above.

C)

 The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to

Section 611.110 that allows the supplier to

reduce the monitoring frequency for vinyl

chloride at any sampling point to once in

each three-year compliance period if it

determines that the supplier has not detected

vinyl chloride in first sample required by

subsection

 (k) (5) (B)

 above.

1)

 Quarterly monitoring following MCL violations.

1)

 Suppliers that violate an MCL for one of the Phase

I VOCs,

 including vinyl chloride, Phase II, or

Phase V VOCs, as determined by subsection

(0)

below,

 shall monitor quarterly for that

contaminant, at the sampling point where the

 violation occurred, beginning the next quarter

after the violation.

2)

 Annual monitoring.

A)

 The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to

Section 611.110 that allows a supplier to

reduce the monitoring frequency to annually

if it determines that the sampling point is

reliably and consistently below the MCL.

B)

 A request for a SEP must include the

following minimal information:

 four

quarterly samples.

C)

 In issuing a SEP, the Agency shall specify

the level of the contaminant upon which the

“reliably and consistently” determination was

based.

 All SEPs that allow less frequent

monitoring based on an Agency “reliably and

consistently” determination shall include a

condition requiring the supplier to resume

quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection

(1) (1)

 above if it violates the MCL specified

by Section 611.311.

D)

 The supplier shall monitor during the

quarter(s) that previously yielded the

highest analytical result.

m)

 Confirmation samples.

 The Agency may issue a SEP

pursuant to Section 610.110 to require a supplier to

use a confirmation sample for results that it finds

dubious for whatever reason.

 The Agency must state its

reasons for issuing the SEP if the SEP is Agency-

initiated.

1)

 If a supplier detects any of the Phase

 I, Phase

II,

 or Phase V VOCs in a sample, the supplier

shall take a confirmation sample as soon as

possible, but no later than 14 days after the

supplier receives notice of the detection.

2)

 Averaging is as specified in subsection

(o)

 below.

3)

 The Agency shall delete the original or

confirmation sample

if

 it determines that a

sampling error occurred,

 in which case the

confirmation sample will replace the original or

confirmation sample.

n)

 This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(f) (14),

an optional USEPA provision relating to compositing of

samples that USEPA does not require for state programs.

This statement maintains structural consistency with

USEPA rules.

o)

 Compliance with the MCLs for the Phase

 I, Phase II, and

Phase V VOCs must be determined based on the analytical

results obtained at each sampling point.

72

1)

 For suppliers that conduct monitoring at a

frequency greater than annual, compliance is

determined by a running annual average of all

samples taken at each sampling point.

A)

 If the annual average of any sampling point

is greater than the MCL, then the supplier is

out of compliance.

B)

 If the initial sample or a subsequent sample

 would cause the annual average to exceed the

MCL, then the supplier is out of compliance

immediately.

C)

 Any samples below the detection limit shall

be deemed as zero for purposes of determining

the annual average.

2)

 If monitoring is conducted annually, or less

frequently,

 the supplier is out of compliance if

the level of a contaminant at any sampling point

is greater than the MCL.

 If a confirmation sample

is taken, the determination of compliance is based

on the average of two samples.

3)

 ~1When

the portion of the distribution sYstem that

is out of compliance is separable from other parts

of the distribution system and has no

interconnections, the supplier may issue the

public notice for a oupplier out of compliance

is

governcdreauired by Subpart T of this Part only to

persons served by that portion of the distribution

system that is not in compliance.

p)

 Analyses for the Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOC5

must be conducted using the following methods.

 These

methods are contained in USEPA Organic Methods,

incorporated by reference in Section 611.102:

1)

 Method 502.1:

 “Volatile Halogenated Organic

Chemicals in Water by Purge and Trap Gas

Chromatography”.

2)

 Method 502.2:

 “Volatile Organic Compounds in

Water by Purge and Trap Capillary Column Gas

Chromatography with Photoionization and

 Electrolytic Conductivity Detectors in Series”.

3)

 Method 503.1:

 “Volatile Aromatic and Unsaturated

Organic Compounds in Water by Purge and Trap Gas

Chromatography”.

73

4)

 Method 524.1:

 “Measurement of Purgeable Organic

Compounds in Water by Purged Column Gas

Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry”.

5)

 Method 524.2:

 “Measurement of Purgeable Organic

Compounds in Water by Capillary Column Gas

Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry”.

q)

 Analysis under this Section must only be conducted by

laboratories that have received approval by USEPA or

the Agency according to the following conditions:

1)

 To receive conditional approval to conduct

analyses for the Phase

 I VOCs, excluding vinyl

chloride, Phase II VOC5,

 and Phase V VOCs,

the

laboratory must:

A)

 Analyze performance evaluation samples that

include these substances provided by the

Agency pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code

183.125(c);

B)

 Achieve the quantitative acceptance limits

under subsections

 (q) (1) (C) and

 (q) (1) (D)

below for at least 80 percent of the Phase

I

VOC5,

 excluding vinyl chloride, Phase II

VOCs, except vinyl chloride, or Phase V VOCs;

C)

 Achieve quantitative results on the analyses

performed under subsection

 (q) (1) (A)

 above

that are within ±20 percent of the actual

amount of the substances in the performance

evaluation sample when the actual amount is

greater than or equal to 0.010 mg/L;

D)

 Achieve quantitative results on the analyses

performed under subsection

 (q) (1) (A) above

that are within ±40 percent of the actual

amount of the substances in the performance

evaluation sample when the actual amount is

less than 0.010 mg/L;

and

E)

 Achieve a method detection limit of 0.0005

mg/L,

 according to the procedures in 40 CFR

136, appendix B, incorporated by reference in

Section 611.102.

2)

 To receive conditional approval to conduct

analyses for vinyl chloride the laboratory must:

74

A)

 Analyze performance evaluation samples

provided by the Agency pursuant to 35 Ill.

Adm. Code 183.125(c);

B)

 Achieve quantitative results on the analyses

performed under subsection

 (q) (2) (A)

 above

that are within

±

40 percent of the actual

amount of vinyl chloride in the performance

evaluation sample;

C)

 Achieve a method detection limit of 0.0005

mg/L,

 according to the procedures in 40 CFR

136, appendix B, incorporated by reference in

Section 611.102; and

D)

 Obtain certification pursuant to subsection

 (q) (1)

 above for Phase

 I VOCs,

 excluding

vinyl chloride, Phase II VOCs,

 and Phase V

VOC5.

r)

 Use of existing data.

1)

 The Agency shall allow the use of data collected

after January 1,

 1988 but prior to the effective

date of this Section, pursuant to Agency sample

request letters,

 if it determines that the data

are generally consistent with the requirements of

this Section.

2)

 The Agency shall grant a

SEP

pursuant to Section

611.110 that allows a supplier to monitor annually

beginning in the initial compliance period if it

determines that the supplier did not detect any

Phase I, Phase II, or Phase V VOC using existing

data allowed pursuant to subsection

 (r) (1)

 above.

s)

 The Agency shall, by SEP, increase the number of

sampling points or the frequency of monitoring if it

determines that it is necessary to detect variations

within the PWS.

t)

 Each laboratory approved for the analysis of Phase I,

Phase II, or Phase V VOC5 pursuant to subsection

 (q) (1)

or

 (q) (2) above shall:

1)

 Determine the method detection limit

 (MDL),

as

defined in 40 CFR 136, Appendix B, incorporated by

reference in Section 611.102, at which it is

capable of detecting the Phase

I,

 Phase II, and

Phase V VOCs; and,

2)

 Achieve an

MDL

for each Phase

 I, Phase II, and

Phase V VOC that

 is less than or equal to 0.0005

mg/L.

u)

 Each supplier shall monitor, within each compliance

period,

 at the time designated by the Agency by SEP

pursuant to Section 611.110.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f)

 (1991.3),

a-3

amenaca at 57 Fop.

 1~r’rr•

31841

 t.Juiy 17,

 1992,.

(Source:

 Amended at

 18 Ill. Reg.

________,

 effective

Section 611.648

 Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V Synthetic

Organic Contaminants

Analysis of the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs for the

purposes of determining compliance with the MCL must be conducted

as follows:

a)

 Definitions.

 As used in this Section:

“Detect or detection” means that the contaminant

of interest is present at a level greater than or

equal to the “detection limit”.

“Detection limit” means the level of the

contaminant of interest that is specified in

subsection

 (r) below.

BOARD NOTE:

 This is a “trigger level” for Phase

II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs inasmuch as it

prompts further action.

 The use of the term

“detect” or “detection”

 in this section is not

intended to include any analytical capability of

quantifying lower levels of any contaminant, or

the “method detection limit”.

b)

 Required sampling.

 Each supplier shall take a minimum

of one sample at each sampling point at the times

required in subsection

(q)

 below.

BOARD NOTE:

 USEPA stayed the effective date of the

MCLs for aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, and aldicarb

sulfoxide at 57 Fed.

 Reg. 22178

 (May 27,

 1991).

Section 611.311(c)

 includes this stay.

 However,

despite the stay of the effectiveness of the MCLs for

these three SOC5,

 suppliers must monitor for them.

C)

Sampling

 points.

76

1)

 Sampling points for GWS5.

 Unless otherwise

provided by SEP, a GWS supplier shall take at

least one sample from each of the following

points:

 each entry point that is representative

of each well after treatment.

2)

 Sampling points for SWSs and mixed systems.

Unless otherwise provided by SEP, a SWS or mixed

system supplier shall sample from each of the

following points:

A)

 Each entry point after treatment;

or

B)

 Points in the distribution system that are

representative of each source.

3)

 The supplier shall take each sample at the same

 sampling point unless the Agency has granted a SEP

that designates another location as more

representative of each source, treatment plant,

or

within the distribution system.

4)

 If a system draws water from more than one source,

and the sources are combined before distribution,

the supplier shall sample at an entry point during

periods of normal operating conditions when water

is representative of all sources being used.

BOARD

NOTE:

 Subsections

(b)

and

(c)

 above derived

from 40 CFR 141.24(h) (1) through

 (h)(3)

 (1991.3).

d)

 Monitoring frequency:

1)

 Each

CWS

and NTNCWS supplier shall take four

consecutive quarterly samples for each of the

Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs during each

compliance period, beginning in the three-year

compliance period starting in the initial

compliance period.

2)

 Suppliers serving more than 3,300 persons that do

not detect a contaminant in the initial compliance

period,

 shall take a minimum of two quarterly

samples in one year of each subsequent three—year

compliance period.

3)

 Suppliers serving less than or equal to 3,300

persons that do not detect a contaminant in the

initial compliance period,

 shall take a minimum of

one sample during each subsequent three—year

compliance period.

e)

 Reduction to annual monitoring frequency.

A

CWS

or

NTNCWS supplier may apply to the Agency for a SEP that

releases it from the requirements of subsection

(d)

above.

 A SEP from the requirement of subsection

(d)

above shall last for only a single three—year

compliance period.

f)

 Vulnerability Assessment.

 The Agency shall grant a SEP

from the requirements of subsection

 (d) above based on

consideration of the factors set forth at Section

611.110(e).

g)

 If one of the Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase V SOC5 is

detected in any sample, then:

1)

 The supplier shall monitor quarterly for the

contaminant at each sampling point that resulted

in a detection.

2)

 Annual monitoring.

A)

 A supplier may request that the Agency grant

a SEP pursuant to Section 610.110 that

reduces the monitoring frequency to annual.

B)

 A request for a SEP must include the

following minimal information:

i)

 For a GWS, two quarterly samples.

ii)

 For a SWS or mixed system, four

quarterly samples.

C)

 The Agency shall grant a SEP that allows

annual monitoring at a sampling point if it

determines that the sampling point

is

reliably and consistently below the MCL.

D)

 In issuing the SEP, the Agency shall specify

the level of the contaminant upon which the

“reliably and consistently” determination was

based

 All SEP5 that allow less frequent

monitoring based on an Agency “reliably and

consistently” determination shall include a

condition requiring the supplier to resume

quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection

(g) (1)

 above if it detects any Phase II SOC.

3)

 Suppliers that monitor annually shall monitor

during the quarter(s) that previously yielded the

highest analytical result.

78

4)

 Suppliers that have three consecutive annual

samples with no detection of a contaminant at a

sampling point may apply to the Agency for a SEP

with respect to that point,

 as specified in

subsections

 (e) and

(f)

 above.

5)

 Monitoring for related contaminants.

A)

 If monitoring results in detection of one or

more of the related contaminants listed in

subsection

 (g) (5) (B)

 below,

 subsequent

monitoring shall analyze for all the related

compounds in the respective group.

B)

 Related contaminants:

i)

 first group:

aldicarb

aldicarb sulfone

aldicarb sulfoxide

ii)

 second group:

heptachlor

heptachlor epoxide,

h)

 Quarterly monitoring following MCL violations.

1)

 Suppliers that violate an MCL for one of the Phase

II, Phase IIB, or Phase V SOCs,

 as determined by

subsection

(k)

 below, shall monitor quarterly for

that contaminant at the sampling point where the

violation occurred, beginning the next quarter

after the violation.

2)

 Annual monitoring.

A)

 A supplier may request that the Agency grant

a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that

reduces the monitoring frequency to annual.

B)

 A request for a SEP must include,

 at a

minimum, the results from four quarterly

samples.

C)

 The Agency shall grant a SEP that allows

annual monitoring at a sampling point if it

determines that the sampling point is

reliably and consistently below the MCL.

D)

 In issuing the SEP, the Agency shall specify

the level of the contaminant upon which the

“reliably and consistently” determination was

based

 All SEPs that allow less frequent

monitoring based on an Agency “reliably and

consistently” determination shall include a

condition requiring the supplier to resume

quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection

(h) (1)

 above if it detects any Phase II SOC.

E)

 The supplier shall monitor during the

quarter(s)

 that previously yielded the

highest analytical result.

i)

 Confirmation samples.

1)

 If any of the Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase V SOCs

are detected in a sample, the supplier shall take

a confirmation sample as soon as possible, but no

later than 14 days after the supplier receives

notice of the detection.

2)

 Averaging is as specified in subsection

(k)

 below.

3)

 The Agency shall delete the original or

confirmation sample if it determines that a

sampling error occurred,

 in which case the

confirmation sample will replace the original or

confirmation sample.

j)

 This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(h) (10),

an optional TJSEPA provision relating to compositing of

samples that USEPA does not require for state programs.

This statement maintains structural consistency with

USEPA rules.

k)

 Compliance with the MCLs for the Phase II, Phase IIB,

and Phase V SOC5 shall be determined based on the

analytical results obtained at each sampling point.

1)

 For suppliers that are conducting monitoring at a

frequency greater than annual, compliance is

determined by a running annual average of all

samples taken at each sampling point.

A)

 If the annual average of any sampling point

is greater than the MCL, then the supplier is

out of compliance.

B)

 If the initial sample or a subsequent sample

 would cause the annual average to be

exceeded, then the supplier is out of

compliance immediately.

C)

 Any samples below the detection limit must be

calculated as zero for purposes of

determining the annual average.

2)

 If monitoring is conducted annually or less

frequently, the supplier is out of compliance if

the level of a contaminant at any sampling point

is greater than the MCL.

 If a confirmation sample

is taken, the determination of compliance is based

on the average of two samples.

3)

 ~When

the portion of the distribution system that

is out of compliance is separable from other parts

of the distribution system and has no

interconnections, the supplier may issue the

~ubiic notice for a oupplior out of compliance is

govcrncdreciuired by Subpart T of this Part only to

persons served by that portion of the distribution

system that is not in compliance.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(h) (11)

(1991.3).

1)

 Analysis for Phase II, Phase ha, and Phase V SOCs must

be conducted using the following methods.

 These

methods, except for USEPA Dioxin and Furan Method 1613,

are contained in USEPA Organic Methods.

 All methods

are incorporated by reference in Section 611.102.

1)

 Method 504:

 “1,2-Dibromoethane

 (EDB)

and

1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)

 in Water by

Microextraction and Gas Chromatography”.

 Method

504 can be used to measure 1,2—Dibromo—3—chloro-

propane (dibromochloropropane or DBCP)

and

1, 2-Dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide or EDB).

2)

 Method 505:

 “Analysis of Organohalide Pesticides

and Commercial Polychlorinated Biphenyl Products

(Aroclors)

 in Water by Microextraction and Gas

Chromatography”.

 Method 505 can be used to

measure alachlor, atrazine, chlordane, DDT,

dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, heptachior epoxide,

hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene,

lindane, methoxychlor, simazine, and toxaphene.

Method 505 can be used as a screen for PCBs.

3)

 Method 507:

 “Determination of Nitrogen- and

Phosphorus-Containing Pesticides in Ground Water

by Gas Chromatography with a Nitrogen-Phosphorus

81

Detector”.

 Method 507 can be used to measure

alachlor, atrazine, and simazine.

4)

 Method 508:

 “Determination of Chlorinated

Pesticides in Water by Gas Chromatography with an

Electron Capture Detector”.

 Method 508 can be

used to measure chlordane,

 DDT, dieldrin, endrin,

heptachlor,

 heptachior epoxide, hexachlorobenzene,

lindane, methoxychlor, and toxaphene.

 Method 508

can be used as a screen for PCB5.

5)

 Method 508A:

 “Screening for Polychlorinated

Biphenyls by Perchlorination and Gas

Chromatography”.

 Method 508A is used to

quantitate PCBs as decachlorobiphenyl if detected

in Methods 505 or 508.

6)

 Method 515.1, revision 5.0

 (May,

 1991):

 “Deter-

mination of Chlorinated Acids in Water by Gas

Chromatography with an Electron Capture Detector”.

Method 515.1 can be used to measure 2,4—D,

dalapon, dinoseb, pentachlorophenol, picloram, and

2,4,5—TP

 (Silvex).

7)

 Method 525.1, revision 3.0

 (May,

 1991):

 “Deter-

mination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water by

Liquid-Solid Extraction and Capillary Column Gas

Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry”.

 Method 525 can

be used to measure alachlor, atrazine, chlordane,

di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)

phthalate,

 endrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide,

hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene,

lindane, methoxychlor, and pentachlorophenol

polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, simazine, and

toxaphene.

8)

 Method 531.1:

 “Measurement of N-Methyl

Carbamoyloximes and N—Methyl Carbamates in Water

by Direct Aqueous Injection HPLC with Post-Column

Derivatization”.

 Method 531.1 can be used to

measure aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide,

 aldicarb

sulfone, and carbofuran, and oxamyl.

9)

 USEPA Dioxin and Furan Method 1613:

 “Tetra-

through Octa- Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans by

Isotope Dilution”.

 Method 1613 can be used to

measure 2,3,7,8-TCDD

 (dioxin).

10)

 Method 547:

 “Analysis of Glyphosate in Drinking

Water by Direct Aqueous Injection HPLC with Post-

Column Derivitization”, available from USEPA-OST.

Method

547

can

used

measure

glyphosate.

82

11)

 Method 548:

 “Determination of Endothail in

Aqueous Samples”.

 Method 548 can be used to

measure endothall.

12)

 Method 549:

 “Determination of Diquat and Paraquat

in Drinking Water by High Performance Liquid

Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection”.

Method 549 can be used to measure diquat.

13)

 Method 550:

 “Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic

Hydorcarbons in Drinking Water by Liquid-Liquid

Extraction and HPLC with Coupled Ultraviolet and

Fluorescence Detection”.

 Method 550 can be used

to measure benzo(a)pyrene and other polynuclear

aromatic hydrocarbons.

14)

 Method 550.1:

 “Determination of Polycyclic

Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Drinking Water by Liquid-

Solid Extraction and HPLC with Coupled Ultraviolet

and Fluorescence Detection”.

 Method 550 can be

 used to measure benzo(a)pyrene and other

polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.

m)

 Analysis for PCB5 must be conducted as follows:

1)

 Each supplier that monitors for PCBs shall analyze

each sample using either USEPA Organic Methods,

Method 505 or Method 508.

2)

 If PCBs are detected in any sample analyzed using

USEPA Organic Methods, Methods 505 or 508, the

supplier shall reanalyze the sample using Method

508A to quantitate the individual Aroclors

(as

decachlorobiphenyl).

3)

 Compliance with the PCB MCL must be determined

based upon the quantitative results of analyses

using USEPA Organic Methods, Method 508A.

n)

 Use of existing data.

1)

 The Agency shall allow the use of data collected

after January 1,

 1990 but prior to the effective

date of this Section, pursuant to Agency sample

request letters,

 if it determines that the data

are generally consistent with the requirements of

this Section.

2)

 The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to Section

611.110 that allows a supplier to monitor annually

beginning in the initial compliance period if it

determines that the supplier did not detect any

83

Phase I VOC or Phase II VOC using existing data

allowed pursuant to subsection

 (n) (1)

 above.

0)

 The Agency shall issue a SEP that increases the number

 of sampling points or the frequency of monitoring if it

determines that this is necessary to detect variations

within the PWS due to such factors as fluctuations in

contaminant concentration due to seasonal use or

changes in the water source.

BOARD NOTE:

 At 40 CFR 141.24(h) (15), USEPA uses the

stated factors as non-limiting examples of

circumstances that make additional monitoring

necessary.

p)

 This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24 (h) (16),

a USEPA provision that the Board has not adopted

because it reserves enforcement authority to the state

and would serve no useful function as part of the

state’s rules.

 This statement maintains structural

consistency with USEPA rules.

q)

 Each supplier shall monitor, within each compliance

period, at the time designated by the Agency by SEP

pursuant to Section 611.110.

r)

 “Detection” means greater than or equal to the

following concentrations for each contaminant:

1)

 for PCB5 (Aroclors):

Aroclor

 Detection Limit

 (mg/L)

1016

 0.00008

1221

 0.02

1232

 0.0005

1242

 0.0003

1248

 0.0001

1254

 0.0001

1260

 0.0002

2)

 for other Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOC5:

Contaminant

 Detection Limit

(mg/L)

Alachlor

 0.0002

Aldicarb

 0.0005

Aldicarb sulfoxide

 0.0005

Aldicarb sulfone

 0.0008

Atrazine

 0.0001

Benzo(a)pyrene

 0.00002

Carbofuran

 0.0009

Chlordane

 0.0002

2,4—B

 0.0001

Dalapon

 0.001

Dibromochloropropane

 (DBCP)

 0.00002

Di(2—ethylhexyl) adipate

 0.0006

Di(2—ethylhexyl)phthalate

 0.0006

Dinoseb

 0.0002

Diquat

 0.0004

Endothall

 0.009

Endrin

 0.00001

Ethylene dibromide

 (EBB)

 0.00001

Glyphosate

 0.006

Heptachlor

 0.00004

Reptachlor epoxide

 0.00002

 ~chlorobenzene

 0.0001

liexachlorocyclopentadiene

 0.0001

Lindane

 0.00002

Methoxychlor

 0.0001

Oxamyl

 0.002

Piclorain

 0.0001

Polychlorinated biphenyls

 (PCB5)

(as decachlorobiphenyl)

 0.0001

Pentachlorophenol

 0.00004

Simazine

 0.00007

Toxaphene

 0.001

2,3,7,8—TCDD (dioxin)

 0.000000005

2,4,5—TP (Silvex)

 0.0002

s)

 Laboratory Certification.

1)

 Analyses under this Section must only be conducted

 by laboratories that have received approval by

USEPA or the Agency according to the following

conditions.

2)

 To receive certification to conduct analyses for

the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs the

laboratory must:

A)

 Analyze performance evaluation samples

provided by the Agency pursuant to 35 Ill.

Adm. Code 183.125(c)

 that include these

substances; and

B)

 Achieve quantitative results on the analyses

performed under subsection

 (s) (2) (A) above

that are within the acceptance limits set

forth in subsection

 (s) (2) (C)

 above.

C)

 Acceptance limits:

SOC

 Acceptance Limits

Alachlor

 ±45

Aldicarb

 2 standard deviations

Aldicarb sulfone

 2 standard deviations

Aldicarb gulfoxide

 2 standard deviations

Atrazine

 ±45

Benzo(a)pyrene

 2 standard deviations

Carbofuran

 ±45

Chlordane

 ±45

Dalapon

 2 standard deviations

Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate

2 standard deviations

Di (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate

2 standard deviations

Dinoseb

 2 standard deviations

Diquat

 2 standard deviations

Endothall

 2 standard deviations

Endrin

 ±30

Glyphosate

 2 standard deviations

Dibromochloropropane

 (DBCP)

 ±40

Ethylene dibromide (EDB)

 ±40

Heptachlor

 ±45

Heptachlor epoxide

 ±45

Hexachlorobenzene

 2 standard deviations

Hexachlorocyc1opentadiene

2 standard deviations

Lindane

 ±45

Methoxychlor

 ±45

Oxamyl

 2 standard deviations

PCB5

 (as Decachlorobiphenyl)

 0—200

Pentachlorophenol

 ±50

Picloram

 2 standard deviations

Simazine

2

Toxaphene

2, 4—D

2,3,7,8—TCDD

 (dioxin)

2 standard deviations

2,4,5—TP (Silvex)

 ±50

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(h)

(1991.3),

 ao amended at 57

 Fed.

 Rcg. 31842

(July 17,

 1992).

(Source:

 Amended at 18 Ill. Reg.

________,

 effective

)

SUBPART

P:

THM

MONITORING

AND

ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

standard deviations

±

±

Section 611.685

 Analytical Methods

86

Sampling and analyses made pursuant to this Subpart must be

conducted by one of the following methods,

 incorporated by

reference in Section 611.102:

a)

 “The Analysis of Trihalomethanes in Drinking Waters by

the Purge and Trap Method,” U.S. EPA Organic Methods~

Method 501.1.

b)

 “The Analysis of Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water by

Liquid/Liquid Extraction,” U.S

 EPA Organic Nethods~

Method 501.2.

cj

 “Volatile Organic Compounds in Water by Purge and TraP

Capillary Gas Chromatography with Photoionization and

~

 Detector in Series”. U.S. EPA

Organic Methods

 (July 1991 revision). Method 502.2.

~J

 “Volatile Organic Chemicals in Water by Purae and Trap

Ca~illarvGas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometrv”. U.S.

EPA Organic Methods

 (July 1991 revision), Method 524.2.

~j.

 For the methods cited in subsections

 (a) and

 (b) abov~

see 40 CFR 141. subpart C. appendix C. incorporated by

reference in Section 611.102.

 Samples for TTHM must be

dechlorinated upon collection to prevent further

production of Trihalomethanes, according to the

procedures described in the above two methods.

 Samples

for maximum TTHM potential must not be dechlorinated,

and must be held for seven days at 25 dcgreco~.C (or

above)

 prior to analysis, according to the procedures

described in the above two methods.

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.30(e)

 (19~9.3).

(Source:

 Amended at 18 Ill. Reg.

________,

 effective

_____________________________________________________________

)

SUBPART T: REPORTING, PUBLIC NOTIFICATION AND RECORDKEEPING

Section 611.851

 Reporting MCL and other Violations

A supplier that fails to comply with an applicable MCL or

treatment technique established by this Part or which fails to

comply with the requirements of any schedule prescribed pursuant

to a variance or adjusted standard shall notify persons served by

the

PWS

as follows:

a)

 Except as provided in subsection

 (c), the supplier

shall give notice:

87

1)

 By publication in a daily newspaper of general

circulation in the area served by the PWS as soon

as possible, but in no case later than 14 days

after the violation or failure.

 If the area

served by a PWS is not served by a daily newspaper

of general circulation, notice must instead be

given by publication in a weekly newspaper of

general circulation serving the area; and

2)

 By mail delivery (by direct mail or with the water

bill), or by hand delivery, not later than 45 days

after the violation or failure.

 This is not

required if the Agency determines by SEP that the

supplier in violation has corrected the violation

or failure within the 45-day period; and

3)

 For violations of the MCL5 of contaminants that

pose an acute risk to human health, by furnishing

a copy of the notice to the radio and television

 stations serving the area served by the PWS as

soon as possible but in no case later than 72

hours after the violation.

 The following

violations are acute violations:

A)

Any

violations posing an acute risk to human

health, as specified in this Part or as

determined by the Agency on a case—by—case

basis.

B)

 Violation of the MCL for nitrate or nitrite

in Section 611.301.

C)

 Violation of the MCL for total coliforms,

when fecal coliforms or

 E. coli are present

in the water distribution system,

as

specified in Section 611.325(b).

D)

 Occurrence of a waterborne disease outbreak.

b)

 Except as provided in subsection

 (c), following the

initial notice given under subsection

 (a), the supplier

shall give notice at least once every three months by

mail delivery (by direct mail or with the water bill)

or by hand delivery, for as long as the violation or

failure exists.

c)

 Alternative methods of notice.

1)

 In lieu of the requirements of subsections

 (a) and

(b), a CWS supplier in an area that is not served

by a daily or weekly newspaper of general

circulation shall give notice by hand delivery or

88

by continuous posting in conspicuous places within

the area served by the CWS.

 Notice by hand

 delivery or posting must begin as soon as

possible, but no later than 72 hours after the

violation or failure for acute violations

(as

defined in subsection

 (a)(3)) or 14 days after the

violation or failure

 (for any other violation).

Posting must continue for as long as the violation

or failure exists.

 Notice by hand delivery must

be repeated at least every three months for as

long as the violation or failure exists.

2)

 In lieu of the requirements of subsections

 (a) and

(b), a non-CWS supplier may give notice by hand

deliver- or by continuous posting in conspicuous

places within the area served by the non—CWS.

Notice by hand delivery or posting must begin as

soon as possible, but no later than 72 hours after

the violation or failure for acute violations

(as

defined in subsection

 (a) (3)),

 or 14 days after

the violation or failure

 (for any other

violation).

 Posting must continue for as long as

the violation or failure exists.

 Notice by hand

delivery must be repeated at least every three

months for as long as the violation or failure

exists.

Where allowed. pursuant to Section 611.609(d).

611.646(o) (3). 611.647(i).

 or 611.648(k) (3)

because it has a separable system,

 a su~n1iermay

issue public notice only to persons on that

portion of its system that its out of compliance.

BOARD

NOTE:

 DGenerallv derived from 40 CFR

141.32(a)

 (1994.3).

 Subsection

 (c)(3) derived from

40 CFR 141.23(i) (4)

&

141.24(f)(15)(iii).

(g)(9)

(h) (11) (iii)

 (1993).

(Source:

 Amended at 18 Ill. Reg.

________,

 effective

_______________________________

)

Section 611.856

 Fluoride Notice

Notice of violations of the MCL for fluoride, notices of

variances and adjusted standards from the MCL for fluoride and

notices of failure to comply with variance and adjusted standard

schedules for the MCL for fluoride must consist of the public

notice prescribed j~AppendixA plus a description of any steps

which the supplier is taking to come into compliance.

BOARD

NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(f)

and

(g)

 (19~9.3).

89

(Source:

 Amended at 18 Ill. Reg.

________,

 effective

__________

Section 611.Appendix A

 Mandatory Health Effects Information

1)

 Trichloroethylene.

 The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water

standards and has determined that trichloroethylene is

a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

 This

chemical is a common metal cleaning and

dry

cleaning

fluid.

 It generally gets into drinking water by

improper waste disposal.

 This chemical has been shown

to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and

mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over

their lifetimes.

 Chemicals that cause cancer in

laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer

in humans who are exposed at lower levels over long

periods of time.

 U.,S~EPAhas set forth the

enforceable drinking water standard for

trichloroethylene at 0.005 parts per million

 (ppm)

to

reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health

effects which have been observed in laboratory animals.

Drinking water which meets this standard is associated

with little to none of this risk and should be

considered safe.

2)

 Carbon tetrachloride.

 The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (UJ..S~EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that carbon tetrachloride

is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This chemical was once a popular household cleaning

fluid.

 It generally gets into drinking water by

improper waste disposal.

 This chemical has been shown

to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and

mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over

their lifetimes.

 Chemicals that cause cancer in

laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer

in humans who are exposed at lower levels over long

 periods of time.

 U~S~EPAhas set the enforceable

drinking water standard for carbon tetrachloride at

0.005 parts per million

 (ppm)

 to reduce the risk of

cancer or other adverse health effects which have been

observed in laboratory animals.

 Drinking water which

meets this standard is associated with little to none

of this risk and should be considered safe.

3)

 1,2-Dichloroethane.

 The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water

standards and

has

determined

that

1,2-dichloroethane

a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

 This

chemical is used as a cleaning fluid for fats,

 oils,

90

waxes and resins.

 It generally gets into drinking

water by improper waste disposal.

 This chemical has

been

shown

to cause cancer in laboratory animals such

as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high

levels over their lifetimes.

 Chemicals that cause

cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk

of cancer in humans who are exposed at lower levels

over long periods of time.

 U.,..S.,EPA has set the

enforceable drinking water standard for 1,2—

dichloroethane at 0.005 parts per million

 (ppm) to

reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health

 effects which have been observed in laboratory animals.

Drinking

water

which

meets

this

standard

associated

with little to none of this risk and should be

considered safe.

4)

 Vinyl chloride.

 The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (UJS~EPA)sets drinking water

standards and has determined that vinyl chloride is a

health concern at certain levels of exposure.

 This

chemical is used in industry and is found in drinking

water as a result of the breakdown of related solvents.

The solvents are used as cleaners and degreasers of

metals

and

generally

get

into

drinking

water

improper waste disposal.

 This chemical has been

associated with significantly increased risks of cancer

among certain industrial workers who were exposed to

relatively large amounts of this chemical during their

working careers.

 This chemical has also been shown to

cause cancer in laboratory animals when the animals are

exposed

 high levels over their lifetimes.

 Chemicals

that cause increased risk of cancer among exposed

industrial workers and in laboratory animals also may

increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed

at lower levels over long periods of time.

 U~S~EPA

has set the enforceable drinking water standard for

 vinyl chloride at 0.002 parts per million

 (ppm)

to

reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health

effects which have been observed in laboratory animals.

Drinking water which meets this standard is associated

with little to none of this risk and should be

considered safe.

5)

 Benzene.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined that benzene is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 This chemical is used as a solvent

and degreaser of metals.

 It is also a major component

of gasoline.

 Drinking water contamination generally

results from leaking underground gasoline and petroleum

tanks or improper waste disposal.

 This chemical has

been

associated

with

significantly

increased

risks

leukemia among certain industrial workers who were

exposed

 to relatively large amounts of this chemical

during their working careers.

 Thio chemical hac alco

bccn sho’m to This chemical has been shown to cause

cancer in laboratory animals when the animals are

exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.

 Chemicals

that cause increased risk of cancer among exposed

industrial workers and in laboratory animals also may

increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed

 at lower levels over long periods of time.

 U.~S~EPA

has set the enforceable drinking water standard for

benzene at 0.005 parts per million

 (ppm) to reduce the

risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which

have been observed in humans and laboratory animals.

Drinking water which meets this standard is associated

with little to none of this risk and should be

considered safe.

6)

 1,1-Dichloroethylene.

 The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water

standards and has determined that 1,1-dichioroethylene

is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This chemical

 is used in industry and is found in

drinking water as a result of the breakdown of related

solvents.

 The solvents are used as cleaners and

degreasers of metals and generally get into drinking

water by improper waste disposal.

 This chemical has

been shown to cause liver and kidney damage in

laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the

animals are exposed at high levels over their

lifetimes.

 Chemicals that cause adverse effects in

laboratory animals also may cause adverse health

effects in humans who are exposed at lower levels over

long periods of time.

 U~S.,EPAhas set the enforceable

drinking water standard for 1,1-dichloroethylene at

0.007 parts per million

 (ppm)

 to reduce the risk of

these adverse health effects which have been observed

 in laboratory animals.

 Drinking water which meets this

standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and should be considered safe.

7)

 Para-dichlorobenzene.

 The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water

standards and has determined that para—dichlorobenzene

is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This chemical is a component of deodorizers, moth balls

and pesticides.

 It generally gets into drinking water

by improper waste disposal.

 This chemical has been

shown to cause liver and kidney damage in laboratory

animals such as rats and mice when the animals are

exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.

 Chemicals

which cause adverse effects in laboratory animals also

92

may cause adverse health effects in humans who are

exposed

lower

levels

over

long

periods

time.

U~~S~EPA

 has set the enforceable drinking water

standard for para—dichlorobenzene at 0.075 parts per

million (ppm) to reduce the risk of these adverse

health effects which have been observed in laboratory

animals.

 Drinking water which meets this standard is

associated with little to none of this risk and should

be considered safe.

8)

 1,1,1-Trichloroethane.

 The United States Environmental

 Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water

standards and has determined that 1,1,1-trichloroetharke

is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This chemica

 is used as a cleaner and degreaser of

metals.

 It generally gets into drinking water by

improper waste disposal.

 This chemical has been shown

to damage the liver, nervous system and circulatory

system of laboratory animals such as rats and mice when

the animals are exposed at high levels over their

lifetimes.

 Some industrial workers who were exposed to

relatively large amounts of this chemical during their

working careers also suffered damage to the liver,

nervous system and circulatory system.

 Chemicals which

cause adverse effects among exposed industrial workers

and in laboratory animals also may cause adverse health

effects in humans who are exposed at lower levels over

long periods of time.

 U~S~EPAhas set the enforceable

drinking water standard for l,1,1—trichloroethane at

0.2 parts per million

 (ppm)

 to protect against the risk

of these adverse health effects which have been

observed in laboratory animals.

 Drinking water which

meets this standard is associated with little to none

of this risk and should be considered safe.

9)

 Fluoride.

 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

requires that we send you this notice on the level of

fluoride in your drinking water.

 The drinking water in

 your community has a fluoride concentration of

milligrams per liter

 (mg/L).

Federal regulations require that fluoride, which occurs

naturally in your water supply, not exceed a

concentration of 4.0 mg/L in drinking water.

 This is

an enforceable standard called a Maximum Contaminant

Level

 (MCL), and it has been established to protect the

public health.

 Exposure to drinking water levels above

4.0 mg/L for many years may result in some cases of

crippling skeletal fluorosis, which is a serious bone

disorder.

93

Federal law also requires that we notify you when

monitoring indicates that the fluoride in your drinking

water exceeds 2.0 mg/L.

 This is intended to alert

families about dental problems that might affect

children under nine years of age.

 The fluoride

concentration of your water exceeds this federal

guideline.

Fluoride in children’s drinking water at levels of

approximately 1 mg/L reduces the

number

of dental

cavities.

 However, some children exposed to levels of

fluoride greater than about 2.0 mgfL may develop dental

fluorosis.

 Dental fluorosis,

 in its moderate and

severe forms,

 is a brown staining and/or pitting of the

permanent teeth.

Because dental fluorosis occurs only when developing

teeth (before they erupt from the

gums)

 are exposed to

elevated fluoride levels, households without children

are not expected to be affected by this level of

fluoride.

 Families with children under the age of nine

are encouraged to seek other sources of drinking water

for

their

children

avoid

 the possibility of staining

and pitting.

Your

water

supplier

can

lower

the

concentration

fluoride in your water so that you will still receive

the benefits of cavity prevention while the possibility

of stained and pitted teeth is minimized.

 Removal of

fluoride may increase your water costs.

 Treatment

systems

are

also

commercially

available

for

home

use.

Information

such

systems

available

the

address

given

below.

Low

fluoride

bottled

drinking

water

that

would

meet

all

standards

also

commercially

available.

For

further

information,

contact

your

water

system.

BOARD

NOTE:

Derived

from

CFR

141.32(e)

(9)

and

143.5

(1992)

10)

Microbiological

contaminants

(for

use

when

there

violation

the

treatment

technique

requirements

for

filtration

and

disinfection

Subpart

this

Part).

The

United

States

Environmental

Protection

Agency

(U.S.

EPA)

sets

drinking

water

standards

and

has

determined

that the presence of microbiological contaminants are a

health

concern

certain

levels

exposure.

water

is inadequately treated, microbiological contaminants

that

water

may

cause

disease.

Disease

symptoms

may

include

diarrhea,

cramps,

nausea

and

possibly

jaundice

94

and any associated headaches and fatigue.

 These

symptoms, however, are not just associated with

disease—causing organisms in drinking water, but also

may be caused by a

number

of factors other than your

drinking water.

 U.,~S.LEPAhas set enforceable

requirements for treating drinking water to reduce the

risk of these adverse health effects.

 Treatment such

as filtering and disinfecting the water removes or

destroys microbiological contaminants.

 Drinking water

which is treated to meet UJS~EPArequirements is

associated with little to none of this risk and should

be considered safe.

11)

Total

coliforms.

(To

used

when

there

violation

of Section 611.325(a) and not a violation of Section

611.325(b)).

 The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (U.~S.~EPA)sets drinking water

standards and has determined that the presence of total

coliforms is a possible health concern.

 Total

coliforms

are

common

the

environment

and

are

generally not harmful themselves.

 The presence of

these bacteria in drinking water, however, generally is

a result of a problem with water treatment or the pipes

which distribute the water and indicates that the water

may be contaminated with organisms that can cause

disease.

 Disease symptoms may include diarrhea,

cramps, nausea and possibly jaundice, and any

associated headaches and fatigue.

 These symptoms,

 however, are not just associated with disease—causing

organisms in drinking water, but also may be caused by

a number of factors other than your drinking water.

U~S~EPAhas

set

enforceable

drinking

water

 standard

for

total

coliforms

reduce

the

risk

these

adverse

health effects.

 Under this standard, no more than 5.0

percent of the samples collected during a month can

contain

these

bacteria,

except

that

systems

collecting

fewer

than

samples/month

that

have

one

total

coliform—positive sample per month are not violating

the

standard.

Drinking

water

which

meets

this

standard

usually

not

associated

with

health

risk

from

disease-causing bacteria and should be considered safe.

12)

Fecal

Coliforins/E.

coli.

(To

used

when

there

violation of Section 611.325(b)

 or both Section

611.325(a)

and

 (b)).

 The United States Environmental

Protection

Agency

(U~S~EPA)sets

drinking

water

standards and has determined that

the

presence

fecal

coliforms

coli

serious

health

concern.

Fecal

coliforms

and

coli

are

generally

not

harmful

themselves,

but

their

presence

drinking

water

serious

because

they

usually

are

associated

with

sewage

animal

wastes.

The

presence

these

bacteria

95

drinking

 water is generally a result of a problem with

water treatment or the pipes which distribute the water

and indicates that the water may be contaminated with

organisms that can cause disease.

 Disease symptoms may

include diarrhea, cramps, nausea and possibly jaundice,

and associated headaches and fatigue.

 These symptoms,

however, are not just associated with disease—causing

organisms in drinking water, but also may be caused by

a number of factors other than your drinking water.

U~S.~EPAhas set an enforceable drinking water standard

for fecal coliforms and E. coli to reduce the risk of

 these adverse health effects.

 Under this standard all

drinking water samples must be free of these bacteria.

Drinking water which meets this standard is associated

with little or none of this risk and should be

considered safe.

 State and local health authorities

recommend that consumers take the following

precautions:

 (To be inserted by the public water

system, according to instruction from State or local

authorities.

13)

 Lead.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U~S.~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined that lead is a health concern at certain

exposure levels.

 Materials that contain lead have

frequently been used in the construction of water

supply distribution systems, and plumbing systems in

private homes and other buildings.

 The most commonly

found materials include service lines, pipes,

 brass and

bronze fixtures, and solders and fluxes.

 Lead in these

materials can contaminate drinking water as a result of

the corrosion that takes place when water comes into

contact with those materials.

 Lead can cause a variety

of adverse health effects in humans.

 At relatively low

levels of exposure, these effects may include

interference with red blood cell chemistry, delays in

normal physical and mental development in babies and

young children, slight deficits in the attention span,

hearing, and learning abilities of children, and slight

 increases in the blood pressure of some adults.

 U~S~

EPA’s national primary drinking water regulation

requires all public water systems to optimize corrosion

control to minimize lead contamination resulting from

the corrosion of plumbing materials.

 Public water

systems serving 50,000 people or fewer that have lead

concentrations below 15 parts per billion

 (ppb)

 in more

than 90

 of tap water samples (the U~S~EPA“action

level”) have optimized their corrosion control

treatment.

 Any water system that exceeds the action

level must also monitor their source water to determine

whether treatment to remove lead in source water is

needed.

 Any water system that continues to exceed the

96

action level after installation of corrosion control

and/or source water treatment must eventually replace

all lead service lines contributing in excess of 15 ppb

of lead to drinking water.

Any

water system that

exceeds the action level must also undertake a public

education program to inform consumers of ways they can

reduce their exposure to potentially high levels of

lead in drinking water.

14)

 Copper.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U.~SJ.EPA) sets drinking water standards and has

determined that copper is a health concern at certain

exposure levels.

 Copper, a reddish—brown metal,

is

often used to plumb residential and commercial

structures that are connected to water distribution

systems.

 Copper contaminating drinking water as a

corrosion by—product occurs as the result of the

corrosion of copper pipes that remain in contact with

water for a prolonged period of time.

 Copper is an

essential nutrient, but at high doses it has been shown

to cause stomach and intestinal distress,

 liver and

kidney damage, and anemia.

 Persons with Wilson’s

disease may be at a higher risk of health effects due

to copper than the general public.

 U~S~EPA’snational

primary drinking water regulation requires all public

water systems to install optimal corrosion control to

minimize copper contamination resulting from the

corrosion of plumbing materials.

 Public water systems

serving 50,000 people or fewer that have copper

concentrations below 1.3 parts per million

 (ppm)

in

more than 90

 of tap water samples

 (the UJS~EPA

“action level”) are not required to install or improve

their treatment.

 Any water system that exceeds the

action level must also monitor their source water to

determine whether treatment to remove copper in source

water is needed.

15)

 Asbestos.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U~S.~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined that asbestos fibers greater than

10 micrometers in length are a health concern at

 certain levels of exposure.

 Asbestos is a naturally

occurring mineral.

 Most asbestos fibers in drinking

water are less than 10 micrometers in length and occur

in drinking water from natural sources and from

corroded asbestos—cement pipes in the distribution

system.

 The major uses of asbestos were in the

production of cements, floor tiles,

 paper products,

paint, and caulking; in transportation-related

applications; and in the production of textiles and

plastics.

 Asbestos was once a popular insulating and

fire retardant material.

 Inhalation studies have

shown

97

that various forms of asbestos have produced lung

tumors

laboratory

animals.

The

available

information on the risk of developing gastrointestinal

tract cancer associated with the ingestion of asbestos

from drinking water is limited.

 Ingestion of

intermediate—range

chrysolite

asbestos

fibers

greater

than 10 micrometers in length is associated with

causing benign tumors in male rats.

 Chemicals that

cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase

the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long

periods of time.

 U.~S~EPA

 has set the drinking water

standard for asbestos at

 7 million long fibers per

liter

reduce

the

potential

risk

cancer

other

adverse health effects which have been observed in

laboratory animals.

 Drinking water which meets the

U~S~EPAstandard is associated with little to none of

this

risk

and

should

considered

safe

with

respect

asbestos.

16)

 Barium.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined that barium is a health concern at certain

levels

exposure.

This

inorganic

chemical

occurs

naturally

some

aquifers

that

serve

sources

groundwater.

also

used

oil

 and gas drilling

muds,

automotive

paints,

bricks,

tiles,

and

jet

fuels.

It generally gets into drinking water after dissolving

from naturally occurring minerals in the ground.

 This

chemical may damage the heart and vascular system,

and

is associated with high blood pressure in laboratory

animals

such

rats

exposed

high

levels

during

their

lifetimes.

humans,

U.~S~EPAbelieves

that

effects

from

barium

 blood pressure should not occur

below

parts

per

million

(ppm)

drinking

water.

U~S~EPAhas set the drinking water standard for barium

parts

per

million

(ppm)

protect

against

the

risk of these adverse health effects.

 Drinking water

that

meets

the

EPA

standard

associated

with

little

none

this

risk

and

considered

safe

with

respect

barium.

17)

 Cadmium.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined

that

cadmium

health

concern

certain

levels

exposure.

Food

and

the

smoking

tobacco

are common sources of general exposure.

 This inorganic

metal

contaminant

the

metals

used

galvanize

pipe.

generally

gets

into

water

corrosion

galvanized pipes or by improper waste disposal.

 This

chemical

has

been

shown

damage

the

kidney

animals

such

rats

and

mice

when

the

animals

are

exposed

high

levels

over

their

lifetimes.

Some

industrial

98

workers who were exposed to relatively large amounts of

this chemical during working careers also suffered

damage to the kidney.

 U~SJ.EPAhas set the drinking

water standard for cadmium at 0.005 parts per million

(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse

health effects.

 Drinking water that meets the U~S~EPA

standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and is considered safe with respect to cadmium.

18)

 Chromium.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U~S.LEPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined that chromium is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 This inorganic metal occurs

 naturally in the ground and is often used in the

electroplating of metals.

 It generally gets into water

from runoff from old mining operations and improper

waste disposal from plating operations.

 This chemical

has been shown to damage the kidney, nervous system,

and the circulatory system of laboratory animals such

as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high

levels. Some humans who were exposed to high levels of

this chemical suffered liver and kidney damage,

dermatitis and respiratory problems.

 U~S~EPAhas set

the drinking water standard for chromium at 0.1 parts

per million

 (ppm)

 to protect against the risk of these

adverse health effects.

 Drinking water that meets the

UJ...SJEPA standard is associated with little to none of

this risk and is considered safe with respect to

chromium.

19)

 Mercury.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined that mercury is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 This inorganic metal is used in

electrical equipment and some water pumps.

 It usually

gets into water as a result of improper waste disposal.

This chemical has been shown to damage the kidney of

laboratory animals such as rats when the animals are

exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.

 UJ..S.,EPA

has set the drinking water standard for mercury at

0.002 parts per million

 (ppm) to protect against the

risk of these adverse health effects.

 Drinking water

that meets the U~S~EPAstandard is associated with

little to none of this risk and is considered safe with

respect to mercury.

20)

 Nitrate.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (UJS.~EPA) sets drinking water standards and has

determined that nitrate poses an acute health concern

at certain levels of exposure.

 Nitrate is used in

fertilizer and is found in sewage and wastes from human

and/or farm animals and generally gets into drinking

99

water from those activities.

 Excessive levels of

nitrate in drinking water have caused serious illness

and sometimes death in infants under six months of age.

The serious illness in infants is caused because

nitrate is converted to nitrite in the body.

 Nitrite

interferes with the oxygen carrying capacity of the

child’s blood. This is an acute disease in that

symptoms can develop rapidly in infants.

 In most

cases, health deteriorates over a period of days.

Symptoms include shortness of breath and blueness of

the skin.

 Clearly, expert medical advice should be

sought immediately if these symptoms occur.

The

purpose of this notice is to encourage parents and

other responsible parties to provide infants with an

alternate source of drinking water.

 Local and State

 health authorities are the best source for information

concerning alternate sources of drinking water for

infants. UJS.~LEPAhas set the drinking water standard

at 10 parts per million

 (ppm)

 for nitrate to protect

against the risk of these adverse effects.

 UJ.S~EPA

has also set a drinking water standard for nitrite at

1

ppm.

 To allow for the fact that the toxicity of

nitrate and nitrite are additive.

 U~S~EPAhas also

established a standard for the sum of nitrate and

nitrite at

 10 ppm.

 Drinking water that meets the U~S~

EPA standard is associated with little to none of this

risk and is considered safe with respect to nitrate.

21)

 Nitrite.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined that nitrite poses an acute health concern

at certain levels of exposure.

 This inorganic chemical

is used in fertilizers and is found in sewage and

wastes from humans and/or farm animals and generally

gets into drinking water as a result of those

activities.

 While excessive levels of nitrite in

drinking water have not been observed,

 other sources of

nitrite have caused serious illness and sometimes death

in infants under six months of age.

 The serious

illness in infants is caused because nitrite interferes

with the oxygen carrying capacity of the child’s blood.

This is an acute disease in that symptoms can develop

 rapidly.

 However,

 in most cases, health deteriorates

over a period of days.

 Symptoms include shortness of

breath and blueness of the skin.

 Clearly, expert

medical advice should be sought immediately if these

symptoms occur.

 The purpose of this notice is to

encourage parents and other responsible parties to

provide infants with an alternate source of drinking

water.

 Local and State health authorities are the best

source for information concerning alternate sources of

drinking water for infants.

 U~S~EPAhas set the

100

drinking

water

standard

part

per

million

(ppm)

for

nitrite

protect

against

the

risk

these

adverse

effects.

 U~S~EPAhas also set a drinking water

standard for nitrate (converted to nitrite in humans)

at 10 ppm and for the

sum

of nitrate and nitrite at 10

ppm.

Drinking

water

that

meets

the

U~S~EPAstandard

is associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to nitrite.

22)

 Selenium.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined that selenium is a health concern at certain

high levels of exposure.

 Selenium is also an essential

nutrient at low levels of exposure.

 This inorganic

chemical is found naturally in food and soils and is

used in electronics, photocopy operations, the

manufacture of glass,

 chemicals, drugs,

 and as a

fungicide

and

feed

additive.

humans,

exposure

high levels of selenium over a long period of time has

resulted in a

number

of adverse health effects,

including a loss of feeling and control in the arms and

legs.

 U~S~EPAhas set the drinking water standard for

selenium at 0.05 parts per million

 (ppm)

 to protect

against the risk of these adverse health effects.

Drinking water that meets

the

U~S~EPAstandard

associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to selenium.

23)

Acrylamide.

The

United

States

Environmental

Protection

Agency

(U~S~EPA)sets

drinking

water

standards

and

has

determined

that

acrylamide

 a health concern at

certain

levels

 of exposure.

 Polymers made from

acrylamide

are

sometimes

used

treat

water

supplies

to remove particulate contaminants.

 Acrylamide has

been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such

as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high

levels over their

lifetimes.

Chemicals

that

cause

cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk

of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods

of time.

 Sufficiently large doses of acrylamide are

known to cause neurological injury.

 U~S~EPAhas set

the drinking water standard for acrylamide using a

treatment technique to reduce the risk of cancer or

other

adverse

 health effects which have been observed

in laboratory animals.

 This treatment technique limits

the

amount

acrylamide

the

polymer

and

the

amount

of the polymer

which

may

added

drinking

water

remove particulates.

 Drinking water systems which

comply

with

this

treatment

technique

have

little

risk

and

are

considered

safe

with

respect

acrylamide.

101

24)

 Alachlor.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency

(U~S~EPA)

sets drinking water standards and has

determined that alachlor is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 This organic chemical is a widely

used pesticide.

 When soil and climatic conditions are

favorable,

 alachlor may get into drinking water by

runoff into surface water or by leaching into

groundwater.

 This chemical has been shown to cause

cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when

the animals are exposed at high levels over their

lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory

animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans

who are exposed over long periods of time.

 UJ.S~EPA

has set the drinking water standard for alachior at

0.002 parts per million

 (ppm) to reduce the risk of

cancer or other adverse health effects which have been

observed in laboratory animals.

 Drinking water that

meets this standard is associated with little to none

of this risk and is considered safe with respect to

alachlor.

25)

 Aldicarb.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined that aldicarb is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 Aldicarb is a widely used

pesticide.

 Under certain soil and climatic conditions

(e.g., sandy soil and high rainfall),

 aldicarb may

leach into groundwater after normal agricultural

applications to crops such as potatoes or peanuts or

may enter drinking water supplies as a result of

surface runoff.

 This chemical has been shown to damage

the nervous system in laboratory animals such as rats

and dogs exposed to high levels. U.LS~EPAhas set the

drinking water standard for aldicarb at 0.003 parts per

million

(ppm)

reduce

the

risk

adverse

health

effects.

 Drinking water that meets this standard is

associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to aldicarb.

26)

 Aldicarb sulfoxide.

 The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (U~S~.EPA)sets drinking water

standards and has determined that aldicarb sulfoxide is

a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

Aldicarb is a widely used pesticide.

 Aldicarb

sulfoxide in groundwater is primarily a breakdown

product of aldicarb.

 Under certain soil and climatic

conditions

 (e.g.,

 sandy soil and high rainfall),

aldicarb sulfoxide may leach into groundwater after

normal agricultural applications to crops such as

potatoes or peanuts or may enter drinking water

supplies as a result of surface runoff.

 This chemical

has been shown to damage the nervous system in

102

laboratory animals such as rats and dogs exposed to

high levels. U.,..SJEPA has set the drinking water

standard for aldicarb sulfoxide at 0.004 parts per

million (ppm)

 to reduce the risk of adverse health

effects.

 Drinking water that meets this standard is

associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to aldicarb sulfoxide.

27)

 Aldicarb sulfone.

 The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (UJSJEPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that aldicarb sulfone is a

health concern at certain levels of exposure.

 Aldicarb

is a widely used pesticide.

 Aldicarb sulfone in

groundwater is primarily a breakdown product of

aldicarb.

 Under certain soil and climatic conditions

(e.g., sandy soil and high rainfall),

 aldicarb sulfone

may leach into groundwater after normal agricultural

applications to crops such as potatoes or peanuts or

may enter drinking water supplies as a result of

surface runoff.

 This chemical has been shown to damage

the nervous system in laboratory animals such as rats

and dogs exposed to high levels. UJ.~S.,EPAhas set the

drinking water standard for aldicarb sulfone at 0.002

parts per million

 (ppm)

 to reduce the risk of adverse

health effects.

 Drinking water that meets this

standard is associated with little to none of this risk

 and is considered safe with respect to aldicarb

sulfone.

28)

 Atrazine.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U.~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined that atrazine is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 This organic chemical is a

herbicide.

 When soil and climatic conditions are

favorable, atrazine may get into drinking water by

runoff into surface water or by leaching into

groundwater.

 This chemical has been shown to affect

offspring of rats and the heart of dogs.

 U.~S~EPA

has

set the drinking water standard for atrazine at 0.003

parts per million

 (ppm) to protect against the risk of

these adverse health effects.

 Drinking water that

meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little

to none of this risk and is considered safe with

respect to atrazine.

29)

 Carbofuran.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency

(U~S~EPA)

sets drinking water standards and has

determined

that

carbofuran

 a health concern at

certain levels of exposure.

 This organic chemical is a

pesticide.

 When soil and climatic conditions are

favorable, carbofuran may get into drinking water by

runoff into surface water or by leaching into

103

groundwater.

 This chemical has been shown to damage

the nervous and reproductive systems of laboratory

animals such as rats and mice exposed at high levels

over their lifetimes.

 Some humans who were exposed to

relatively large amounts of this chemical during their

working careers also suffered damage to the nervous

system.

 Effects on the nervous system are generally

rapidly reversible.

 U.~S.~EPA

 has set the drinking

water standard for carbofuran at 0.04 parts per million

(ppm)

 to protect against the risk of these adverse

health effects.

 Drinking water that meets the U,.S~EPA

standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and is considered safe with respect to carbofuran.

30)

 Chlordane.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined that chlordane is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure.

 This organic chemical is a

pesticide used to control termites.

 Chlordane is not

very mobile in soils.

 It usually gets into drinking

water after application near water supply intakes or

wells.

 This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in

laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the

animals are exposed at high levels over their

lifetimes.

 Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory

animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans

who are exposed over long periods of time.

 U~S~EPA

has set the drinking water standard for chiordane at

0.002 parts per million

 (ppm)

 to reduce the risk of

cancer or other adverse health effects which have been

observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that

meets the U~S~EPAstandard is associated with little

to none of this risk and is considered safe with

respect to chiordane.

31)

 Dibromochloropropane

 (DBCP).

 The United States

Environmental Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets

drinking water standards and has determined that DBCP

is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This organic chemical was once a popular pesticide.

When soil and climatic conditions are favorable,

 DBCP

may get into drinking water by runoff into surface

water or by leaching into groundwater.

 This chemical

has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals

such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at

high levels over their lifetimes.

 Chemicals that cause

cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk

of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods

of time.

 U.~S.~.EPA

 has set the drinking water standard

for DBCP at 0.0002 parts per million

 (ppm)

 to reduce

the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects

which have been observed in laboratory animals.

104

Drinking water that meets the U~S~EPAstandard is

 associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to DBCP.

32)

 o-Dichlorobenzene.

 The United States Environmental

Protection Agency

 (U.,..S.~.EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that o—dichlorobenzene is

a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

 This

organic chemical is used as a solvent in the production

of pesticides and dyes.

 It generally gets into water

by improper waste disposal.

 This chemical has been

shown to damage the liver, kidney and the blood cells

of laboratory animals such as rats and mice exposed to

high levels during their lifetimes.

 Some industrial

workers who were exposed to relatively large amounts of

this chemical during working careers also suffered

damage to the liver, nervous system, and circulatory

system.

 U~S~EPAhas set the drinking water standard

for o-dichlorobenzene at 0.6 parts per million

 (ppm)

to

protect against the risk of these adverse health

effects.

 Drinking water that meets the U.~S.~EPA

standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and is considered safe with respect to

o—dichlorobenzene.

33)

cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene.

The

United

States

Environmental Protection Agency (U~S.~EPA)establishes

drinking water standards and has determined that

cis—1,2—dichloroethylene

health

concern

certain

levels of exposure.

 This organic chemical is used as a

solvent and intermediate in chemical production.

It

generally gets into water by improper waste disposal.

This chemical has been shown to damage the liver,

nervous system, and circulatory system of laboratory

animals such as rats and mice when exposed at high

levels over their lifetimes.

 Some humans who were

exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical

also suffered damage to the nervous system.

 U~S~EPA

has set the drinking water standard for

cis-1,2-dichloroethylene at 0.07 parts per million

(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse

health effects.

 Drinking water that meets the U~S~EPA

standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and is considered safe with respect to

cis-1,2-dichloroethylene.

34)

 trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene.

 The United States

Environmental Protection Agency (U~S.~EPA)establishes

drinking water standards and has determined that

trans-1,2—dichloroethylene is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical

is

used

solvent

and

intermediate

chemical

105

production.

 It generally gets into water by improper

 waste disposal.

 This chemical has been shown to damage

the liver, nervous system, and the circulatory system

of laboratory animals such as rats and mice when

exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.

 Some

humans who were exposed to relatively large amounts of

this chemical also suffered damage to the nervous

system.

 UJS~EPAhas set the drinking water standard

for trans-1,2-dichloroethylene at 0.1 parts per million

(ppm)

 to protect against the risk of these adverse

health effects.

 Drinking water that meets the U~S~EPA

standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and is considered safe with respect to

2—dichloroethylene.

35)

 1,2-Dichloropropane.

 The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (U~S.~EPA)sets drinking water

standards and has determined that 1,2—dichloropropane

is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This organic chemical is used as a solvent and

pesticide.

 When soil and climatic conditions are

favorable,

 1,2-dichloropropane may get into drinking

water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into

groundwater.

 It may also get into drinking water

through improper waste disposal.

 This chemical has

been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such

as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high

levels over their lifetimes.

 Chemicals that cause

cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk

of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods

time.

U~S~EPAhas

 set the drinking water standard

for 1,2—dichloropropane at 0.005 parts per million

(ppm)

 to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse

health effects which have been observed in laboratory

animals.

 Drinking water that meets the U~S~EPA

standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and is considered safe with respect to

1,2-dichloropropane.

36)

 2,4-D.

 This contaminant is subject to a “additional

State requirement”.

 The supplier shall give the

following notice if the level exceeds the Section

611.311 MCL.

 If the level exceeds the Section 611.310

MCL, but not that of Section 611.311, the supplier

shall give a general notice under Section 611.854.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U~S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined

that 2,4—D

 is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure.

 This organic chemical is used as a herbicide

and to control algae

 in reservoirs.

 When soil and

climatic conditions are favorable,

 2,4—D may get into

106

drinking water by runoff into surface water or by

leaching into groundwater.

 This chemical has been

shown to damage the liver and kidney of laboratory

animals such as rats exposed at high levels during

 their lifetimes.

 Some humans who were exposed to

relatively large amounts of this chemical also suffered

damage to the nervous system.

 U~SJEPAhas set the

drinking water standard for 2,4-D at 0.07 parts per

million

 (ppm) to protect against the risk of these

adverse health effects.

 Drinking water that meets the

U.~S.,EPAstandard is associated with little to none of

this risk and is considered safe with respect to 2,4—D.

37)

 Epichlorohydrin.

 The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (UJ~S.~EPA)sets drinking water

standards and has determined that epichlorohydrin is a

health concern at certain levels of exposure.

 Polymers

made from epichiorohydrin are sometimes used in the

treatment of water supplies as a flocculent to remove

particulates.

 Epichlorohydrin generally gets into

drinking water by improper use of these polymers.

 This

chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory

animals such as rats and mice when the animals are

exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.

 Chemicals

that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may

increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed

over long periods of time.

 U~S~EPAhas set the

drinking water standard for epichlorohydrin using a

treatment technique to reduce the risk of cancer or

other adverse health effects which have been observed

in laboratory animals.

 This treatment technique limits

 the amount of epichlorohydrin in the polymer and the

amount of the polymer which may be added to drinking

water as a flocculent to remove particulates.

 Drinking

water systems which comply with this treatment

technique have little to no risk and are considered

safe with respect to epichiorohydrin.

38)

 Ethylbenzene.

 The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water

standards and has determined ethylbenzene is a health

concern at certain levels of exposure.

 This organic

chemical is a major component of gasoline.

It

generally gets into water by improper waste disposal or

leaking gasoline tanks.

 This chemical has been shown

to damage the kidney,

 liver, and nervous system of

laboratory animals such as rats exposed to high levels

during their lifetimes.

 U~S.L.....EPAhas set the drinking

water standard for ethylbenzene at 0.7 parts per

million

 (ppm)

 to protect against the risk of these

adverse health effects.

 Drinking water that meets the

U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of

107

this risk and is considered safe with respect to

ethylbenzene.

39)

 Ethylene dibromide (EDB).

 The United States

Environmental Protection Agency (U~S.~EPA)sets

drinking water standards and has determined that EDB is

 a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

 This

organic chemical was once a popular pesticide.

 When

soil and climatic conditions are favorable, EDB may get

into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by

leaching into groundwater.

 This chemical has been

shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as

rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high

levels over their lifetimes.

 Chemicals that cause

cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk

of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods

of time.

 U.~S~EPAhas set the drinking water standard

for EDB at 0.00005 parts per million

 (ppm)

 to reduce

the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects

which have been observed in laboratory animals.

Drinking water that meets this standard is associated

with little to none of this risk and is considered safe

with respect to EDB.

40)

 Heptachlor.

 This contaminant is subject to a

“additional State requirement”.

 The supplier shall

give the following notice if the level exceeds the

Section 611.311 MCL.

 If the level exceeds the Section

611.310 MCL, but not that of Section 611.311, the

supplier shall give a general notice under Section

611.854.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U~S~

EPA)

 sets drinking water standards and has determined

that heptachior is a health concern at certain levels

 of exposure.

 This organic chemical was once a popular

pesticide.

 When soil and climatic conditions are

favorable,

 heptachlor may get into drinking water by

runoff into surface water or by leaching into

groundwater.

 This chemical has been shown to cause

cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when

the animals are exposed at high levels over their

lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory

animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans

who are exposed over long periods of time.

 UJS~EPA

has set the drinking water standards for heptachlor at

0.0004 parts per million

 (ppm)

 to reduce the risk of

cancer or other adverse health effects which have been

observed in laboratory animals.

 Drinking water that

meets this standard is associated with little to none

of this risk and is considered safe with respect to

heptachlor.

108

41)

 Heptachlor epoxide.

 This contaminant is subject to a

“additional State requirement”.

 The supplier shall

give the following notice if the level exceeds the

Section 611.311 MeL.

 If the level exceeds the Section

611.310 MCL, but not that of Section 611.311, the

supplier shall give a general notice under Section

611.854.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency ~

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined

 that heptachlor epoxide is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 This organic chemical was once a

popular pesticide.

 When

soil and climatic conditions

are favorable, heptachlor epoxide may get into drinking

water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into

groundwater.

 This chemical has been shown to cause

cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when

the animals are exposed at high levels over their

lifetimes.

 Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory

animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans

who are exposed over long periods of time.

 UJ.S.~EPA

has set the drinking water standards for heptachlor

epoxide at 0.0002 parts per million (ppm)

 to reduce the

risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which

have been observed in laboratory animals.

 Drinking

water that meets this standard is associated with

little to none of this risk and is considered safe with

respect to heptachior epoxide.

42)

 Lindane.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U.~S.~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined that lindane is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 This organic chemical

 is used as a

pesticide.

 When soil and climatic conditions are

favorable, lindane may get into drinking water by

runoff into surface water or by leaching into

groundwater.

 This chemical has been shown to damage

 the liver, kidney, nervous system, and immune system of

laboratory animals such as rats, mice and dogs exposed

at high levels during their lifetimes.

 Some humans who

were exposed to relatively large amounts of this

chemical also suffered damage to the nervous system and

circulatory system.

 U~S~EPAhas established the

drinking water standard for lindane at 0.0002 parts per

million

 (ppm) to protect against the risk of these

adverse health effects.

 Drinking water that meets the

U.~S~EPAstandard

associated

with

little

none

this risk and is considered safe with respect to

lindane.

43)

Methoxychlor.

The

United

States

Environmental

Protection

Agency

(U.~S.~EPA)sets

drinking

water

109

standards and has determined that methoxychlor is a

health concern at certain levels of exposure.

 This

organic chemical is used as a pesticide.

 When soil and

climatic conditions are favorable, methoxychlor may get

into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by

leaching into groundwater.

 This chemical has been

shown to damage the liver, kidney, nervous system, and

reproductive system of laboratory animals such as rats

exposed at high levels during their lifetimes.

 It has

also been shown to produce growth retardation in rats.

U~S.~EPA

 has set the drinking water standard for

methoxychlor at 0.04 parts per million

 (ppm)

 to protect

against the risk of these adverse health effects.

Drinking water that meets the U~S.~EPAstandard is

associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to methoxychlor.

44)

 Monochlorobenzene.

 The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (U.~S~EPA)sets drinking water

standards and has determined that monochlorobenzene is

a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

 This

organic chemical is used as a solvent.

 It generally

gets into water by improper waste disposal.

 This

chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney and

nervous system of laboratory animals such as rats and

mice exposed to high levels during their lifetimes.

U~S.~EPA

 has set the drinking water standard for

monochlorobenzene at 0.1 parts per million

 (ppm)

to

protect against the risk of these adverse health

effects.

 Drinking water that meets the U~S~EPA

standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and is considered safe with respect to

monochlorobenzene.

45)

Polychlorinated

biphenyls

(PCBs).

The

United

States

Environmental

 Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets

drinking water standards and has determined that

polychlorinated

biphenyls

(PCB5)

are

health

concern

at certain levels of exposure.

 These organic chemicals

were once widely used in electrical transformers and

other industrial equipment.

 They generally get into

drinking water by improper waste disposal or leaking

electrical industrial equipment.

 This chemical has

been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such

as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high

levels over their lifetimes.

 Chemicals that cause

cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk

of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods

of time.

 U~S~EPAhas set the drinking water standard

for PCBs at 0.0005 parts per million

 (ppm)

 to reduce

the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects

which have been observed in laboratory animals.

110

Drinking water that meets this standard is associated

with little to none of this risk and is considered safe

with respect to PCBs.

46)

 Pentachlorophenol.

 The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (U~S.~EPA)sets drinking water

standards and has determined that pentachlorophenol is

a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

 This

organic chemical is widely used as a wood preservative,

herbicide, disinfectant, and defoliant.

 It generally

gets into drinking water by runoff into surface water

or leaching into groundwater.

 This chemical has been

shown to produce adverse reproductive effects and to

damage the liver and kidneys of laboratory animals such

as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high

levels over their lifetimes.

 Some humans who were

exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical

also suffered damage to the liver and kidneys.

 This

chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory

animals such as rats and mice when the animals are

exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.

 Chemicals

that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may

increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed

over long periods of time.

~

 has set the

drinking water standard for pentachlorophenol at 0.001

parts per million

 (ppm) to reduce the risk of adverse

health effects.

 Drinking water that meets this

standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and is considered safe with respect to pentachloro-

phenol.

47)

 Styrene.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency

(U~S~EPA)

sets drinking water standards and has

determined that styrene is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 This organic chemical

 is commonly

used to make plastics and is sometimes a component of

resins used for drinking water treatment.

 Styrene may

get into drinking water from improper waste disposal.

This chemical has been shown to damage the liver and

nervous system in laboratory animals when exposed at

high levels during their lifetimes.

 UJS.~EPAhas set

the drinking water standard for styrene at 0.1 parts

per million

 (ppm) to protect against the risk of these

adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the

U.LS~EPAstandard is associated with little to none of

this risk and is considered safe with respect to

styrene.

48)

Tetrachioroethylene.

The

United

States

Environmental

Protection

Agency

(U.~S~EPA)sets

drinking

water

standards and has determined that tetrachloroethylene

is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

111

This organic chemical has been a popular solvent,

particularly for dry cleaning.

 It generally gets into

drinking water by improper waste disposal.

 This

chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory

animals such as rats and mice when the animals are

exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals

that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may

increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed

over long periods of time.

 U.,S~EPAhas set the

drinking water standard for tetrachloroethylene at

0.005 parts per million

 (ppm) to reduce the risk of

cancer or other adverse health effects which have been

observed in laboratory animals.

 Drinking water that

meets this standard is associated with little to none

of this risk and is considered safe with respect to

tetrachloroethylene.

49)

 Toluene.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency

(U.±.~S~EPA)

 sets drinking water standards and has

determined that toluene is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 This organic chemical is used as a

solvent and in the manufacture of gasoline for

airplanes. It generally gets into water by improper

waste disposal or leaking underground storage tanks.

This chemical has been

shown

to damage the kidney,

nervous system, and circulatory system of laboratory

animals such as rats and mice exposed to high levels

during their lifetimes.

 Some industrial workers who

were exposed to relatively large amounts of this

chemical during working careers also suffered damage to

the liver, kidney and nervous system.

 U~S~EPAhas set

the drinking water standard for toluene at

 1 part per

million

 (ppm) to protect against the risk of these

adverse health effects.

 Drinking water that meets the

U~S~EPAstandard is associated with little to none of

this risk and is considered safe with respect to

toluene.

50)

 Toxaphene.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U..LS~EPA) sets drinking water standards and has

determined that toxaphene is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure.

 This organic chemical was

once a pesticide widely used on cotton,

 corn, soybeans,

pineapples and other crops.

 When soil and climatic

conditions are favorable, toxaphene may get into

drinking water by runoff into surface water or by

leaching into groundwater.

 This chemical has been

shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as

rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high

levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause

cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk

of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods

112

of time.

 U~S.~EPAhas set the drinking water standard

for toxaphene at 0.003 parts per million

 (ppm) to

reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health

effects which have been observed in laboratory animals.

Drinking water that meets this standard is associated

with little to none of this risk and is considered safe

with respect to toxaphene.

51)

 2,4,5-TP.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined that 2,4,5-TP is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 This organic chemical is used as a

herbicide.

 When soil and climatic conditions are

favorable,

 2,4,5-TP may get into drinking water by

runoff into surface water or by leaching into

groundwater.

 This chemical has been shown to damage

the liver and kidney of laboratory animals such as rats

and dogs exposed to high levels during their lifetimes.

Some industrial workers who were exposed to relatively

large amounts of this chemical during working careers

also suffered damage to the nervous system.

 UJ~S~.~EPA

has set the drinking water standard for 2,4,5-TP at

0.05 parts per million

 (ppm) to protect against the

risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water

that meets the U.~S~EPAstandard is associated with

little to none of this risk and is considered safe with

respect to 2,4,5-TP.

52)

 Xylenes.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U.~S.~..EPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined that xylene is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 This organic chemical is used in

the manufacture of gasoline for airplanes and as a

solvent for pesticides, and as a cleaner and degreaser

of metals. It usually gets into water by improper waste

disposal. This chemical has been shown to damage the

liver, kidney and nervous system of laboratory animals

such as rats and dogs exposed to high levels during

their lifetimes.

 Some humans who were exposed to

relatively large amounts of this chemical also suffered

 damage to the nervous system.

 U.,S.~EPAhas set the

drinking water standard for xylene at 10 parts per

million

 (ppm) to protect against the risk of these

adverse health effects.

 Drinking water that meets the

U.~.S.~EPA

 standard is associated with little to none of

this risk and is considered safe with respect to

xylene.

53)

 Antimony.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined that antimony is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 This inorganic chemical occurs

113

naturally in soils,

 ground water,

 and surface water and

is often used in the flame retardant industry.

 It is

also used in ceramics and glass, batteries,

 fireworks,

and explosives.

 It may get into drinking water through

natural weathering of rock,

 industrial production,

municipal waste disposal, or manufacturing processes.

This chemical has been shown to decrease longevity,

and

altered blood levels of cholesterol and glucose in

laboratory animals such as rats exposed to high levels

during their lifetimes.

 UJ..S.,EPA has set the drinking

water standard for antimony at 0.006 parts per million

(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse

health effects.

 Drinking water that meets the U~S,EPA

 standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and is considered safe with respect to antimony.

54)

 Beryllium.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U.LSJEPA) sets drinking water standards and has

determined that beryllium is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure.

 This inorganic chemical

occurs naturally in soils, ground water,

 and surface

water and is often used in electrical equipment and

electrical components.

 It generally gets into water

from runoff from mining operations,

 discharge from

processing plants, and improper waste disposal.

Beryllium compounds have been associated with damage to

the bones and lungs and induction of cancer in

laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the

animals are exposed to high levels during their

lifetimes.

 There is limited evidence to suggest that

beryllium may pose a cancer risk via drinking water

exposure.

 Therefore, U~S~EPAbased the health

assessment on noncancer effects with and extra

uncertainty factor to account for possible

carcinogenicity.

 Chemicals that cause cancer in

laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer

in humans who are exposed over long periods of time.

U~S~EPAhas set the drinking water standard for

beryllium at 0.004 parts per million

 (ppm)

 to protect

against the risk of these adverse health effects.

Drinking water that meets the U~S~EPAstandard is

 associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to beryllium.

56)

 Cyanide.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U~S.~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined that cyanide is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 This inorganic chemical is used in

electroplating,

 steel processing, plastics, synthetic

fabrics, and fertilizer products.

 It usually gets into

water as a result of improper waste disposal.

 This

chemical has been shown to damage the spleen,

 brain,

114

and liver of humans fatally poisoned with cyanide.

U~S~EPAhas set the drinking water standard for

cyanide at 0.2 parts per million

 (ppm)

 to protect

against the risk of these adverse health effects.

Drinking water that meets the U~S~EPAstandard is

associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to cyanide.

56)

 Nickel.

The

United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined that nickel is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 This inorganic chemical occurs

naturally in soils, ground water,

 and surface water and

is often used in electroplating, stainless steel, and

alloy products.

 It generally gets into water from

 mining and refining operations.

 This chemical has been

shown to damage the heart and liver in laboratory

animals when the animals are exposed to high levels

over their lifetimes.

 U.,.S.~EPAhas set the drinking

water standard at 0.1 parts per million

 (ppm)

for

nickel to protect against the risk of these adverse

health effects.

 Drinking water that meets the U.LS~EPA

standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and is considered safe with respect to nickel.

57)

 Thallium.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined that thallium is a health concern at certain

high levels of exposure.

 This inorganic chemical

occurs naturally in soils, ground water, and surface

water and is used in electronics, pharmaceuticals, and

the manufacture of glass and alloys.

 This chemical has

been shown to damage the kidney,

 liver, brain, and

intestines of laboratory animals when the animals are

exposed to high levels during their lifetimes.

~

EPA has set the drinking water standard for thallium at

0.002 parts per million

 (ppm)

 to protect against the

risk of these adverse health effects.

 Drinking water

that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with

little to none of this risk and is considered safe with

respect to thallium.

58)

 Benzo(a)pyrene.

 The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (UJS~EPA)sets drinking water

standards and has determined that benzo(a)pyrene is a

health concern at certain levels of exposure.

Cigarette smoke and charbroiled meats are common

sources of general exposure.

 The major source of

benzo(a)pyrene in drinking water is the leaching from

coal tar lining and sealants in water storage tanks.

This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in animals

such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to

115

high levels.

 U.LS~EPAhas set the drinking water

standard for benzo(a)pyrene at 0.0002 parts per million

(ppm) to protect against the risk of cancer.

 Drinking

water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated

with little to none of this risk and is considered safe

with respect to benzo(a)pyrene.

59)

 Dalapon.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined that dalapon is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 This organic chemical is a widely

used herbicide.

 It may get into drinking water after

application to control grasses in crops, drainage

ditches, and along railroads.

 This chemical has been

associated with damage to the kidney and liver in

laboratory animals when the animals are exposed to high

levels during their lifetimes.

 U.,..S.,EPA has set the

drinking water standard for dalapon at 0.2 parts per

million (ppm)

 to protect against the risk of these

adverse health effects.

 Drinking water that meets the

U~S.~EPAstandard is associated with little to none of

this risk and is considered safe with respect to

dalapon.

60)

 Dichloromethane.

 The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water

standards and has determined that dichioromethane

(methylene chloride)

 is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 This organic chemical is a widely

used solvent.

 It is used in the manufacture of paint

remover,

 as a metal degreaser,

 and as an aerosol

propellant.

 It generally gets into water after

improper discharge of waste disposal.

 This chemical

has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals

such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to

high levels during their lifetimes.

 Chemicals that

cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase

the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long

periods of time.

 U~S.,EPAhas set the drinking water

standard for dichioromethane at 0.005 parts per million

(ppm) to protect against the risk of cancer or other

adverse health effects.

 Drinking water that meets the

U.,S~EPAstandard is associated with little to none of

this risk and is considered safe with respect to

 dichloromethane.

61)

 Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate.

 The United States

Environmental Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets

drinking water standards and has determined that di—

(2-ethylhexyl)adipate is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate is a

widely used plasticizer in a variety of products,

116

including synthetic rubber, food packaging materials,

and cosmetics.

 It may get into drinking water after

improper waste disposal.

 This chemical has been shown

to damage the liver and testes in laboratory animals

such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to

high levels.

 U.LS.~EPAhas set the drinking water

standard for di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate at 0.4 parts per

million

 (ppm) to protect against the risk of adverse

health effects that have been observed in laboratory

animals.

 Drinking water that meets the U~SJEPA

standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and is considered safe with respect to di(2—ethyl-

bexyl)adipate.

62)

 Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.

 The United States

Environmental Protection Agency (U~S.~EPA)sets

drinking water standards and has determined that di-

(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 Di(2—ethylhexyl)phthalate is a

widely used plasticizer, which is primarily used in the

 production of polyvinyl chloride

 (PVC) resins.

 It may

get into drinking water after improper waste disposal.

This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in

laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the

animals are exposed to high levels during their

lifetimes.

 U.,.SJEPA has set the drinking water

standard for di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate at 0.004 parts

per million

 (ppm)

 to protect against the risk of cancer

or other adverse health effects which have been

abserved in laboratory animals.

 Drinking water that

meets the U~S~EPAstandard is associated with little

to none of this risk and is considered safe with

respect to di (2-ethyihexyl)phthalate.

63)

 Dinoseb.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U~SJEPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined that dinoseb is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 Dinoseb is a widely used pesticide

and generally gets into water after application on

orchards, vineyards, and other crops.

 This chemical

has been shown to damage the thyroid and reproductive

organs in laboratory animals such as rats exposed to

high levels.

 U~S~EPAhas set the drinking water

standard for dinoseb at 0.007 parts per million

 (ppm)

to protect against the risk of these adverse health

effects.

 Drinking water that meets the UJ.~S.,EPA

standard is associated with little to none of this risk

 and is considered safe with respect to dinoseb.

64)

 Diquat.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U~S.~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined that diquat is a health concern at Certain

117

levels of exposure.

 This organic chemical is a

herbicide used to control terrestrial and aquatic

weeds.

 It may get into drinking water by runoff into

surface water.

 This chemical has been shown to damage

the liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract and

causes cataract formation in laboratory animals such as

dogs and rats exposed at high levels over their

lifetimes.

 U.~S~EPA

 has set the drinking water

standard for diquat at 0.02 parts per million

 (ppm)

to

protect against the risk of these adverse health

effects.

 Drinking water that meets the U~S~EPA

standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and is considered safe with respect to diquat.

65)

 Endothall.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U.~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined that endothall is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure.

 This organic chemical is a

herbicide used to control terrestrial and aquatic

weeds.

 It may get into drinking water by runoff into

surface water.

 This chemical has been shown to damage

 the liver, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, and

reproductive system of laboratory animals such as rats

and mice exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.

U~S~EPAhas set the drinking water standard for

endothall at 0.1 parts per million

 (ppm)

 to protect

against the risk of these adverse health effects.

Drinking water that meets the TJ.~S~EPA

 standard is

associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to endothall.

66)

 Endrin.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U~SJEPA) sets drinking water standards and has

determined that endrin is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 This organic chemical is a

pesticide no longer registered for use in the United

States.

 However, this pesticide is persistent in

treated soils and accumulates in sediments and aquatic

and terrestrial biota.

 This chemical has been shown to

cause damage to the liver, kidney, and heart in

laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the

animals are exposed to high levels during their

lifetimes.

 U~S.~EPA

 has set the drinking water

standard for endrin at 0.002 parts per million

 (ppm)

to

protect against the risk of these adverse health

effects that have been observed in laboratory animals.

Drinking water that meets the U.,.S~EPAstandard is

associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to endrin.

67)

 Glyphosate.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has

118

determined that glyphosate is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure.

 This organic chemical is a

herbicide used to control grasses and weeds.

 It may

get into drinking water by runoff into surface water.

This chemical has been shown to cause damage to the

liver and kidneys in laboratory animals such as rats

and mice when the animals are exposed to high levels

during their lifetimes.

 U.LS~EPAhas set the drinking

water standard for glyphosate at 0.7 parts per million

(ppm)

 to protect against the risk of these adverse

health effects.

 Drinking water that meets the UJ..S~EPA

standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and is considered safe with respect to glyphosate.

68)

 Hexachlorobenzene.

 The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (U~S.,EPA)sets drinking water

standards and has determined that hexachlorobenzene is

a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

 This

organic chemical is produced as an impurity in the

manufacture of certain solvents and pesticides.

 This

chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory

animals such as rats and mice when the animals are

exposed to high levels during their lifetimes.

Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also

 may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are

exposed over long periods of time.

 U~S.~EPA

 has set

the drinking water standard for hexachlorobenzene at

0.001 parts per million

 (ppm)

 to protect against the

risk of cancer and other adverse health effects.

Drinking water that meets the U~S~EPAstandard is

associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to hexachlorobenzene.

69)

 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene.

 The United States

Environmental Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets

drinking water standards and has determined that hexa-

chlorocyclopentadiene is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 This organic chemical is a used as

an intermediate in the manufacture of pesticides and

flame retardants.

 It may get into water by discharge

from production facilities.

 This chemical has been

shown

to damage the kidney and the stomach of

laboratory animals when exposed to high levels during

their lifetimes.

 U.~SJEPAhas set the drinking water

standard for hexachlorocyclopentadiene at 0.05 parts

per million

 (ppm) to protect against the risk of these

adverse health effects.

 Drinking water that meets the

UJ.SJEPA standard is associated with little to none of

this risk and is considered safe with respect to hexa-

chlorocyclopentadiene.

119

70)

 Oxamyl.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined that oxamyl is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 This organic chemical is used as a

pesticide for the control of insects and other pests.

It may get into drinking water by runoff into surface

water or leaching into ground water.

 This chemical has

been shown to damage the kidneys of laboratory animals

such as rats when exposed at high levels during their

lifetimes.

 U~S.~EPA

 has set the drinking water

standard for oxamyl at 0.2 parts per million

 (ppm)

to

protect against the risk of these adverse health

effects.

 Drinking water that meets the UJ.SJEPA

standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and is considered safe with respect to oxamyl.

71)

 Picloram.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency

 (U.,..S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined that picloram is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 This organic chemical is used as a

pesticide for broadleaf weed control.

 It may get into

drinking water by runoff into surface water or leaching

into groundwater as a result of pesticide application

and improper waste disposal.

 This chemical has been

shown to cause damage to the kidneys and liver in

laboratory animals such as rats when the animals are

 exposed to high levels during their lifetimes.

~

EPA has set the drinking water standard for picloram at

0.5 parts per million

 (ppm) to protect against the risk

of these adverse health effects.

 Drinking water that

meets the U.S.~EPAstandard is associated with little

to none of this risk and is considered safe with

respect to picloram.

72)

 Simazine.

 The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has

determined that simazine is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 This organic chemical is a

herbicide used to control annual grasses and broadleaf

weeds.

 It may leach into groundwater or run off into

surface water after application.

 This chemical may

cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and

mice when the animals are exposed to high levels during

their lifetimes.

 Chemicals that cause cancer in

laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer

in humans who are exposed over long periods of time.

U.~S~EPAhas set the drinking water standard for

simazine at 0.004 parts per million

 (ppm)

 to reduce the

risk of cancer or adverse health effects.

 Drinking

water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated

with little to none of this risk and is considered safe

with respect to simazine.

120

73)

 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene.

 The United States

Environmental Protection Agency (UJ..S.~EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that

1,2,4—trichlorobenzene is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure.

 This organic chemical is used as a

dye carrier and as a precursor in herbicide

manufacture.

 It generally gets into drinking water by

discharges from industrial activities.

 This chemical

has been shown to cause damage to several organs,

including the adrenal glands.

 UJ~.S.,EPAhas set the

drinking water standard for 1,2,4—trichlorobenzene at

007 parts per million

 (ppm) to protect against the

risk of these adverse health effects.

 Drinking water

that meets the TJ.Z.S~..EPAstandard is associated with

little to none of this risk and is considered safe with

respect to 1,2,4—trichlorobenzene.

74)

 l,1,2-Trichloroethane.

 The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water

standards and has determined that 1,1,2-trichloroethane

is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This organic chemical is an intermediate in the

production of 1,1—dichloroethylene.

 It generally gets

into water by industrial discharge of wastes.

 This

chemical has been shown to damage the kidney and liver

of laboratory animals such as rats exposed to high

levels during their lifetimes.

 U~S~EPAhas set the

drinking water standard for 1,1,2-trichloroethane at

 0.005 parts per million

 (ppm)

 to protect against the

risk of these adverse health effects.

 Drinking water

that meets the U~S.~EPAstandard is associated with

little to none of this risk and is considered safe with

respect to 1,1,2—trichloroethane.

75)

 2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin).

 The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water

standards and has determined that dioxin is a health

concern at certain levels of exposure.

 This organic

chemical is an impurity in the production of some

pesticides.

 It may get into drinking water by

industrial discharge of wastes.

 This chemical has been

shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as

rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high

levels during their lifetimes.

 Chemicals that cause

cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk

of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods

of time.

 U.~S.,EPAhas set the drinking water standard

for dioxin at 0.00000003 parts per million (ppm)

to

protect against the risk of cancer or other adverse

health effects.

 Drinking water that meets the U~S~EpA

standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and is considered safe with respect to dioxin.

121

BOARD NOTE:

 Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(e)

 (1992-3)-,---a3

 aincndcd at 57 Fed. Rcg.

31843

 (July 17,

 1992).

(Source:

 Amended at 18 Ill. Reg.

________,

 effective

__________

CONCLUSION

The Board intends to promptly submit these proposed

amendments to the Secretary of State for publication in the

Illinois Register.

I, Dorothy N.

 Gunn, Clerk of the Illinois Pollution Control

Board,

 hereby certify that the above proposed opinion and order

was a4~~pted

 on the

5~

day of

 ~51L-..-~

 1994, by a vote

of

‘~

Control Board