ILLINOIS POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
July
21,
1994
IN THE MATTER OF:
)
SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT UPDATE,
)
R94-4
U.S. EPA REGULATIONS
)
(Identical-in-Substance Rules)
(7/1/93
—
12/31/93)
)
Adopted Rule.
Final Order.
OPINION AND ORDER OF THE BOARD
(by R.C.
Flemal):
By today’s identical-in-substance rulemaking the Board
updates its regulations that implement the Federal Safe Drinking
Water Act (SDWA).
The Board regulations in question occur at 35
Ill.
Adm. Code 611.
The Board’s responsibility
in this matter arises from the
Environmental Protection Act
(Act)
(415
ILCS 5/1 et seq.
(1992)).
The Board
is charged therein to “determine, define and implement
the environmental control standards applicable in the State of
Illinois”
(415 ILCS 5/5(b)).
More generally,
the Board’s
rulemaking charge
is based on the system of checks and balances
integral to Illinois environmental governance: the Board bears
responsibility for the rulemaking and principal adjudicatory
functions, whereas the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency
(Agency)
is responsible for carrying out the principal
administrative duties.
The latter’s duties include administering
the regulations that are today adopted.
Today’s rulemaking is conducted pursuant to Sections 7.2 and
17.5 of the Act
(415 ILCS 5/7.2 and 5/17.5).
These sections
provide for expeditious adoption of regulations that are
“identical
in substance” to federal regulations.
OVERVIEW OF TODAY’S ACTION
The scope of the instant action includes amendments made to
SDWA regulations by the United States Environmental Protection
Agency
(U.S.
EPA) between July
1 and December 31,
1993.
Only one
amendment was made during the time, the substance of which is the
addition of two new analytical procedures for total
trihalomethanes.
Notice of this federal amendment occurred at 58
Fed.
Reg.
41344
(Aug.
3,
1993).
The Board also uses this opportunity to make several
amendments to existing State SDWA provisions based on
recommendations and observations made by the Agency.
The Agency
is currently engaged in extensive review of the State’s SDWA
regulations as adopted to-date by the Board.
The purpose
is to
support a petition primacy for the State.
In undertaking this
review the Agency has discovered a small number of departures of
2
review the Agency has discovered a small number of departures of
the State rules from the underlying federal rules.
Pursuant to
the identical—in—substance mandate,
it is necessary that these
departures be eliminated.
Most of these departures originated as
typographical errors.
The nature of each is discussed below.
PROCEDURAL
HISTORY
The Board opened this docket on March
31,
1994 as a vehicle
for considering continued amendment of the Board’s drinking water
regulations via identical—in—substance rulemaking.
On May 5,
1994 the Board adopted a proposal for public comment’.
That
proposal was published in the Illinois
Register at
18
Ill.
Reg.
7642,
May 20,
1994,
and, with only minor change as discussed
below,
constitutes today’s adopted amendments.
The 45—day
comment period following publication expired on July 5,
1994.
Among other matters, identical—in—substance rulemakings are
exempted from the hearing provisions of Title VII of the Act
(415
ILCS 5/26 et seq.)
and the rulemaking requirements of Section
5
of the Illinois Administrative Procedure Act
(5 ILCS 100/5-1 et
seq.
(1992)).
(415 ILCS 5/17.5.)
Three public comments have been received in this matter:
PC #1
Agency (April
29,
1994, by Stephen C.
Ewart,
Deputy Counsel)
PC #2
Illinois Department of Commerce and Community
Affairs
(DECCA)
(June
8,
1994,
by Linda Brand)
PC #3
Office of the Secretary of State, Administrative
Code Division
(June
14,
1994, by Connie Bradway)
PC #2
is notice by DECCA that today’s amendments do not
impact small businesses.
The Administrative Code Division Comment
(PC #3)
identifies
four non-substantive changes required for compliance with
codification requirements.
These changes are incorporated into
the text of today’s order.
The largest of the Code Division
changes is addition of the words “and Finished Water Quality” to
the title of Section 611.121 as present in the Table of Contents.
The title of this section had been amended in R9l-3 effective
December
1,
1992, but through inadvertence the new title had
never been entered into the Table of Contents.
In the Matter
of:
Safe Drinking Water Act Update,
U.S. EPA
Regulations
(7/1/93
—
12/31/93),
R94—4, May
5,
1994.
3
Disposition of other observations and recommendations made
in the public comments is discussed below.
SDWA REGULATORY HISTORICAL
SUMMARY
The Board adopted the initial round of U.S. EPA drinking
water regulations, including the “Phase
I” rules,
adopted by U.S.
EPA prior to June
30,
1989, as follows:
R88—26
114 PCB 149, August
9,
1990
(14 Ill.
Reg.
16517,
effective September 20,
1990).
Subsequent dockets updated the regulations to include federal
amendments since that time:
R90—4
112 PCB 317, dismissed June 21,
1990
(no U.S. EPA
amendments July
1 through December 31,
1989).
R90—13
117 PCB 687, December 20,
1990
(15 Ill.
Reg.
1562,
effective January 22,
1991)
(January
1,
1990
through June 30,
1990).
R90—2l
116 PCB 365, November 29,
1990
(14 Ill.
Reg.
20448,
effective December 11,
1990)
(Corrections
to R88—26)
R9l—3
137 PCB 253, November 19,
1992
(16 Ill.
Reg.
19010, December
11, 1992, effective December
1,
1992)
(U.S.
EPA Phase II and Coliforms--
consolidated with R92-9; July
1,
1990 through
January 31,
1991).
R9l-l5
137 PCB 627, dismissed December
3,
1992
(no U.S.
EPA amendments February
1,
1991 through May 31,
1991)
R92—3
——
PCB
——,
May
6,
1993
(17 Ill.
Reg.
7796, May
28,
1993,
effective May 18,
1993)
(U.S.
EPA Phase
IIB and Lead and Copper rules;
June
1,
1991
through December 31,
1991).
R92—9
137 PCB 253, November
19,
1992
(16 Ill.
Reg.
19010, December 11,
1992,
effective December 1,
1992)
(Corrections to Phase
I rules, R88-26--
consolidated with R91-3).
R92—12
137 PCB 725, dismissed December
3,
1992
(no U.S.
EPA amendments June
1,
1992 through June 30,
1991)
4
R93—1
——
PCB
——,
July 14,
1993
(17 Ill. Reg.
12648,
August
6,
1993,
effective July 23,
1993)
(U.S.
EPA
Phase V rules; July 1,
1992 through December 31,
1992).
R93—19
—-
PCB
--,
dismissed September 23,
1993
(no U.S.
EPA amendments January
1 through June 30,
1993).
R94—4
This docket
(TTHM analytical methods; July
1,
1993
through December 31,
1993).
DISCUSSION OF TODAY’S AMENDMENTS
TTHM Analytical Procedures
The new provision of concern today is the U.S. EPA’s
addition of two new analytical procedures for testing for total
trihalomethanes
(TTHM)
in drinking water.
The new methods are
Method 502.2
(“Volatile Organic Compounds in Water by Purge and
Trap Capillary Gas Chromatography with Photoionization and
Electrolytic Conductivity Detector in Series”)
and Method 524.2
(“Volatile Organic Chemicals in Water by Purge and Trap Capillary
Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry”).
Both are found in the
federal publication: “Methods for Determination of Organic
Compounds in Drinking Water”.
In adopting the two new methods, U.S.
EPA observed that it
not only encourages the use of these new methods, but that it
also intends to eliminate technical support for the older packed
column methods, Methods 501.1,
501.2,
and 501.3.
This means that
U.S. EPA will eventually not even provide copies of the older
methods upon request, although it will continue to accept data
obtained through their use.
The Board adopts the new TTHN analytical procedures as
amendments to Sections 611.102 and 611.685.
We follow the
federal regulatory text with only the minimal deviation necessary
to accommodate Illinois codification requirements2.
In the proposal for comment the Board included the citations
to the new TTHN procedural methods only at Section 611.685.
However,
the staff of Joint Committee on Administrative Rules has
informally recommended that the citations also occur at Section
2
For a discussion of the method of melding the federal
regulation into the Part 611, the interested person
is directed
to page
3 of the Board’s May 5,
1994 opinion and order in this
matter.
5
611.102.
That recommendation is
incorporated into today’s final
rules.
Minimum IOC Monitoring for a SEP
--
Section 611.603
Ainetidment
Today’s action includes an amendment to Section 611.603, the
purpose of which
is to correct text of the State Phase II rules
as adopted in Docket R9l-3.
Section 611.603 derives from 40 CFR 141.23(c),
and pertains
to the monitoring frequency for the Phase II inorganic chemical
contaminants
(IOCs).
Of pertinence is subsection
(d), which
allows the Agency to grant a special exception permit
(SEP)
on
the basis
of three rounds of monitoring indicating that the IOC
level is below the maximum contaminant level
(MCL)
at the
individual sampling point.
The Agency is
in the process of seeking federal
authorization for the Illinois Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V
rules from U.S. EPA (including dockets R91-2, R92-3,
and R93-1).
In the course of compiling the necessary paperwork for submittal
to U.S.
EPA, the Agency questioned where certain federal language
from 40 CFR 141.23(c) (4) appeared
in the Board’s regulations.
Examination of the texts has induced the Board to add the federal
language at this time,
even though we believe the language is
implicit to the regulations as they exist.
This is accomplishing
by adding subsection
(d) (4)
as the parallel the last sentence of
40 CFR 141.23(c) (4).
Section 611.603(a)
requires a supplier to sample for each of
the bC contaminants on a routine basis.
Sampling is required
annually for surface water suppliers and mixed surface water—
groundwater suppliers and triennially for groundwater suppliers.
Section 611.601(a)
requires a supplier to sample for each water
source, and Section 611.601(b)
requires this where each source is
introduced to the supplier’s distribution system.
Therefore,
the
existing regulations require routine annual or triennial
monitoring for each IOC for each source of water.
Subsections
(b) through
(f)
of Section 611.603 essentially
allow the Agency to permit suppliers to reduce this frequency for
any contaminants not detected in previous rounds of monitoring.
Subsections
(d) (1)
and
(d) (2) require a minimum of three rounds
of routine sampling before a supplier can qualify for a SEP that
would allow less frequent monitoring.
This structure closely
parallels the federal language, except that the Board omitted the
language of the last federal sentence, which explicitly requires
a minimum of three rounds of monitoring from any new water source
before a supplier can qualify for
a SEP.
Section 611.609 Title
6
In the course of its review of the Illinois SDWA rules,
the
Agency observed that the title “Averaging” for Section 611.609
~S
incomplete and potentially misleading.
The Agency informally
communicated this to the Board, and we agree.
The essence of Section 611.609
is determining compliance
with the MCLs based on the compliance monitoring data.
Although
averaging of results
is required to determine compliance,
the
Board agrees that use of the Section heading “Determining
Compliance”
is more accurate than “Averaging”.
We therefore
change the heading.
Public Notice in Separable Systems——Sections 611.646,
611.648
&
611.851
The Agency observed during the course of its primacy review
that the Board did not include
in R91-3 the federal provisions
that allow public notice to fewer than all of a supplier’s
consumers if only part of its distribution system is affected by
an exceedence of a volatile organic chemical contaminant
(VOC)
or
synthetic organic chemical
(SOC) MCL.
Federal paragraphs
(f) (15) (iii)
and
(h) (11)
(ui)3
(relating to ongoing monitoring
for VOCS and SOCs, respectively) provide that if the supplier has
a separable distribution system,
it need only give the required
public notices to those consumers on the portion of its
distribution system that is affected by the exceedence of an MCL.
Corresponding Illinois Sections 611.646(o) (3)
and 611.648(k) (3)
simply refer to Subpart T for the public notice requirements.
We observe that 40 CFR 141.23(i) (4)
and 141.24(g) (9)
(relating to ongoing monitoring for IOC5 and the initial
monitoring for Phase
I VOCs, respectively)
include similar
provisions,
which the Board correspondingly codified in R91-3
as
Sections 611.609(d)
and 611.647(i).
Therefore,
it was
inconsistent for us not to have included similar provisions at
Sections 611.646(0) (3)
and 611.648(k) (3).
The Agency informally requested that the Board restore the
missing provisions at Sections 611.646(o) (3)
and 611.648(k) (3)
to
aid U.S. EPA review of the Illinois SDWA program.
We use this
opportunity to add those provisions.
The Board further follows
the Agency’s request by adding language at Section 611.851(c) (3)
that references the supplier’s ability to give public notice to
fewer than all of its customers if allowed pursuant to Section
611.609(d),
611.646(0) (3), 611.647(i),
or 611.611.648(k) (3).
Since this provision has no direct counterpart in 40 CFR
~ Sections 611.646 and 611.648 derive from 40 CFR 141.24(f)
and
(h), respectively.
Section 611.851 derives from 40 CFR
141.32(a).
7
141.32(a),
we amended the Board Note at the end of Section
611.851 to reflect that fact.
Correction of Typographical Errors
By PC #1 the Agency reported several typographic errors that
were discovered during the use and review of previously adopted
Part 611 identical-in-substance provisions.
The Board uses the
instant docket to correct these errors.
The amendments found
in the following sections
(see Order,
below)
are in response to PC #1:
611.101, 611.102(b),
611.212,
611.356(d),
611.532, 611.602,
611.607,
611.856, and 611.Appendix
A4.
Reference Updates/Routine Form Changes
It is standard, and in some cases required, codification
practice to update certain forms or references whenever a
previously existing section
is opened.
The Board today
accomplishes two amendments of this type.
These are updating all
references to the Code of Federal Regulations to the recently
available 1993 edition,
and replacing citations to “USEPA” to the
form “U.S.
EPA”.
The Board has recently initiated the latter
practice because the latter form is the more generally understood
form.
ORDER
The Board directs the that the following amendments be
submitted to the Secretary of State.
TITLE 35:
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
SUBTITLE F:
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES
CHAPTER I:
POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
PART 611
PRIMARY
DRINKING WATER STANDARDS
SUBPART A:
GENERAL
Section
611.100
Purpose, Scope and Applicability
611.101
Definitions
611.102
Incorporations by Reference
~ For a discussion of each of the changes the interested
person is directed to pages 4-5 of the Board’s May
5,
1994
opinion and order
in this matter.
8
611.103
611.107
611.108
611.109
611.110
611.111
611. 112
611. 113
611.114
611.115
611.120
611.121
611.125
611.126
611.130
Section
611.201
611.202
611.211
611.212
611.213
611.220
611.230
611.231
611.232
611.233
611.240
611.241
611.242
611.250
611. 261
611.262
611.271
611.272
Severability
Agency Inspection of PWS Facilities
Delegation to Local Government
Enforcement
Special Exception Permits
Section 1415 Variances
Section 1416 Variances
Alternative Treatment Techniques
Siting requirements
Source Water Quantity
Effective dates
Maximum Contaminant Levels and Finished Water QualitY
Fluoridation Requirement
Prohibition on Use of Lead
Special Requirements for Certain Variances and Adjusted
Standards
SUBPART
B:
FILTRATION
AND
DISINFECTION
Requiring a Demonstration
Procedures for Agency Determinations
Filtration Required
Groundwater under Direct Influence of Surface Water
No Method of HPC Analysis
General Requirements
Filtration Effective Dates
Source Water Quality Conditions
Site-specific Conditions
Treatment Technique Violations
Disinfection
Unfiltered PWSs
Filtered PWSs
Filtration
Unfiltered PWSs:
Reporting and Recordkeeping
Filtered PWSs:
Reporting and Recordkeeping
Protection during Repair Work
Disinfection following Repair
SUBPART
C:
USE OF NON-CENTRALIZED TREATMENT DEVICES
Point-of-Entry Devices
Use of Point-of—Use Devices or Bottled Water
SUBPART D:
TREATMENT TECHNIQUES
General Requirements
Acrylamide and Epichlorohydrin
Corrosion Control
Section
SUBPART F:
MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS
(MCL’S)
Section
611.280
611.290
Section
611.295
611.296
611.297
611.300
Old MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals
9
611.301
611.310
611.311
611.320
611.325
611.330
611.331
Section
611.350
611.351
611.352
611.353
611.354
611.355
611.356
611.357
611.358
611.359
611.360
611.361
Revised MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals
Old MCLs for Organic Chemicals
Revised MCLs for Organic Contaminants
Turbidity
Microbiological Contaminants
Radium and Gross Alpha Particle Activity
Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity
SUBPART G:
LEAD
AND
COPPER
General Requirements
Applicability of Corrosion Control
Corrosion Control Treatment
Source Water Treatment
Lead Service Line Replacement
Public Education and Supplemental Monitoring
Tap Water Monitoring for Lead and Copper
Monitoring for Water Quality Parameters
Monitoring for Lead and Copper in Source Water
Analytical Methods
Reporting
Recordkeeping
SUBPART K:
GENERAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Alternative Analytical Techniques
Certified Laboratories
Laboratory Testing Equipment
Consecutive PWSs
Special Monitoring for Unregulated Contaminants
SUBPART
L:
MICROBIOLOGICAL
MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Routine Coliform Monitoring
Repeat Coliform Monitoring
Invalidation of Total Coliform Samples
Sanitary Surveys
Fecal Coliforin and E.
Ccli Testing
Analytical Methodology
Response to Violation
Analytical Requirements
Unfiltered PWSs
Filtered PWSs
SUBPART M:
TURBIDITY MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.560
Turbidity
SUBPART N:
INORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.591
Section
611.480
611.490
611.491
611.500
611.510
Section
611.521
611.522
611.523
611.524
611. 525
611.526
611.527
611. 531
611. 532
611.533
Violation of State NCL
10
611.592
611.600
611. 601
611. 602
611. 603
611.604
611.605
611. 606
611. 607
611.608
611. 609
611.610
611.611
611.612
611.630
611.631
Frequency of State Monitoring
Applicability
Monitoring Frequency
Asbestos Monitoring Frequency
Inorganic Monitoring Frequency
Nitrate Monitoring
Nitrite Monitoring
Confirmation Samples
More Frequent Monitoring and Confirmation Sampling
Additional Optional Monitoring
Avcr3gingDetermining Com~1iance
Inorganic Monitoring Times
Inorganic Analysis
Monitoring Requirements for Old Inorganic MCLs
Special Monitoring for Sodium
Special Monitoring for Inorganic Chemicals
SUBPART
0:
ORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
Definitions
Old MCLs
Analytical Methods for Old MCLs
Phase
I,
Phase II, and Phase V Volatile Organic
Contaminants
Sampling for Phase
I Volatile Organic Contaminants
Phase
II, Phase IIB,
and Phase V Synthetic Organic
Contaminants
Monitoring for 36 Contaminants (Repealed)
Analytical Methods for
36 Contaminants
(Repealed)
Special Monitoring for Organic Chemicals
SUBPART P:
THM
MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.680
611.683
611.684
611.685
611.686
Sampling, Analytical and other Requirements
Reduced Monitoring Frequency
Averaging
Analytical Methods
Modification to System
Analytical Methods
Gross Alpha
Manmade Radioactivity
Applicability
Monthly Operating Report
Notice by Agency
Cross Connection Reporting
611.640
611.641
611.645
611.646
611.647
611.648
611.650
611.657
611.658
Section
611.720
611.731
611.732
SUBPART
Q:
RADIOLOGICAL
MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.830
611.831
611. 832
611.833
611.840
SUBPART T:
REPORTING,
PUBLIC NOTIFICATION
AND
RECORDKEEPING
Reporting
11
Reporting MCL and other Violations
Reporting other Violations
Notice to New Billing Units
General Content of Public Notice
Mandatory Health Effects Language
Fluoride Notice
Fluoride Secondary Standard
Record Maintenance
List of 36 Contaminants
Mandatory Health Effects Information
Percent Inactivation of G. Lamblia Cysts
Common Names of Organic Chemicals
Defined Substrate Method for the Simultaneous
Detection of Total Coliforms and Eschricia
Coli from Drinking Water
Mandatory Lead Public Education Information
Total Coliform Monitoring Frequency
Fecal or Total Coliform Density Measurements
Frequency of RDC Measurement
Number of Lead and Copper Monitoring Sites
Lead and Copper Monitoring Start Dates
Number of Water Quality Parameter Sampling
Sites
Summary of Monitoring Requirements for Water
Quality Parameters’
Federal Effective Dates
AUTHORITY:
Implementing Sections 17 and 17.5 and authorized by
Section 27 of the Environmental Protection Act
(Ill.
Rev.
Stat.
1991,
ch.
111½,
pars.
1017,
1017.5 and 1027
415
ILCS 5/17,
5/17.5 and 5/27).
SOURCE:
Adopted in R88—26 at
14
Ill.
Reg.
16517, effective
September 20,
1990; amended in R90-2l at 14
Ill. Reg.
20448,
effective December
11,
1990; amended in R90-13 at
15 Ill. Reg.
1562,
effective January 22,
1991; amended in R91—3
at 16
Ill.
Reg.
19010, December 1,
1992; amended in R92—3 at
17 Ill. Reg.
7796,
effective May
18,
1993; amended in R93—1 at 17 Ill. Reg.
12650, effective July 23,
1993; amended in R94—4 at 18
Ill.
Req.
effective
Note:
Capitalization denotes statutory language.
SUBPART A:
GENERAL
Section 611.101
Definitions
611.851
611.852
611.853
611.854
611.855
611.856
611.858
611.860
611.870
611.Appendix A
6l1.Appendix B
611.Appendix C
611.Appendix D
611.Appendix E
611.Table A
611.Table
B
61l.Table C
611..Table
D
61l.Table
E
611.Table
F
611.Table G
61l.Table
Z
As used in this Part,
the term:
12
“Act” means the Environmental Protection Act
(Ill. Rev.
Stat.
1991,
ch.
111½,
par. 1001 et seq.
(415 ILCS 5/4
et ~cq.)
“Agency” means the Illinois Environmental Protection
Agency.
BOARD NOTE:
The Department of Public Health (“Public
Health”)
regulates non—community water supplies
(“non—
CWSs”, including non—transient, non—community water
supplies (“NTNCWSs”)
and transient non—community water
supplies (“transient non—CWSs”)).
For the purposes of
regulation of supplies by Public Health by reference to
this Part,
“Agency” shall mean Public Health.
“Ai” means “inactivation ratio”.
“Approved source of bottled water”,
for the
purposes of Section 611.130(e) (4), means a source
of water and the water therefrom,
whether it be
from a spring, artesian well, drilled well,
municipal water supply, or any other source, that
has been inspected and the water sampled,
analyzed, and found to be a safe and sanitary
quality according to applicable laws and
regulations of State and local government agencies
having jurisdiction,
as evidenced by the presence
in the plant of current certificates or notations
of approval from each government agency or
agencies having jurisdiction over the source, the
water it bottles, and the distribution of
the
water in commerce.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 142.62(g) (2) and
21 CFR 129.3(a) (l99~). The Board cannot compile
an exhaustive listing of all federal,
state, and
local laws to which bottled water and bottling
water may be subjected.
However, the statutes and
regulations of which the Board is aware are the
following:
the Illinois Food,
Drug and Cosmetic
Act (410 ILCS 620/1 ct ~cq., formerly Ill. Rev.
Stat.
1991 ch.
56½,
par. 501 et seq.),
the Bottled
Water Act
(815 ILCS 310/1 ct ~cq., formerly Ill.
Rev. Stat.
1991 ch.
111½, par.
121.101), the DPH
Water Well Construction Code (77 Ill. Adm. Code
920), the DPH Water Well Pump Installation Code
(77 Ill.
Adm. Code 925), the federal bottled water
quality standards
(21 CFR 103.35), the federal
drinking water processing and bottling standards
(21 CFR 129), the federal Good Manufacturing
Practices for human foods
(21 CFR 110), the
federal Fair Packaging and Labeling Act
(15 U.S.C.
SS
1451 et seq.),
and the federal Fair Packaging
and Labeling regulations
(21 CFR 201).
13
“Best available technology”
or “BAT” means the best
technology,
treatment techniques or other means that
U.S. EPA has found are available for the contaminant in
question.
BAT is specified in Subpart F of this Part.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(199~3).
“Board” means the Illinois Pollution Control Board.
“CAS No” means “Chemical Abstracts Services Number”.
“CT” or “CT~” is the product of “residual disinfectant
concentration”
(RDC or
C)
in mg/L determined before or
at the first customer, and the corresponding
“disinfectant contact time”
(T)
in minutes.
If
a
supplier applies disinfectants at more than one point
prior to the first customer,
it shall determine the CT
of each disinfectant sequence before or at the first
customer to determine the total percent inactivation or
“total inactivation ratio”.
In determining the total
inactivation ratio, the supplier shall determine the
RDC of each disinfection sequence and corresponding
contact time before any subsequent disinfection
application point(s).
(See “CT~9”)
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(1992-3).
“CT~91’ is the CT value required for 99.9 percent
(3-
log)
inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts.
CT~9for a
variety of disinfectants and conditions appear in
Tables 1.1-1.6,
2.1 and 3.1 of Section 611.Appendix B.
(See “Inactivation Ratio”.)
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from the definition of “CT” in 40
CFR 141.2
(199-2-3).
“Coagulation” means
a process using coagulant chemicals
and mixing by which colloidal and suspended materials
are destabilized and agglomerated into flocs.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (l991~j.
“Community Water System” or “CWS” means a public water
system
(PWS)
that serves at least 15 service
connections used by year-round residents or regularly
serves at least 25 year—round residents.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(1992-3).
This
definition differs slightly from that of Section 3.05
of the Act.
“Compliance cycle” means the nine—year calendar year
cycle during which public water systems
(PWSs) must
monitor.
Each compliance cycle consists of three
three—year compliance periods.
The first calendar
cycle begins January
1,
1993,
and ends December 31,
14
2001; the second begins January
1,
2002 and ends
December 31,
2010; the third begins January
1,
2011,
and ends December 31, 2019.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (199~j.
“Compliance period” means a three—year calendar year
period within a compliance cycle.
Each compliance
cycle has three three—year compliance periods.
Within
the first compliance cycle, the first compliance period
runs from January
1,
1993,
to December 31,
1995; the
second from January
1,
1996,
to December 31,
1998; the
third from January
1,
1999,
to December 31,
2001.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(199-3).
“Confluent growth” means a continuous bacterial growth
covering the entire filtration area of a membrane
filter or a portion thereof,
in which bacterial
colonies are not discrete.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(199-2-3).
“Contaminant” means any physical,
chemical, biological
or radiological substance or matter in water.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(199-2-3).
“Conventional filtration treatment” means a series of
processes including coagulation, flocculation,
sedimentation and filtration resulting in substantial
particulate removal.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(1992-3).
“Diatomaceous earth filtration” means a process
resulting in substantial particulate removal in which:
A precoat cake of diatomaceous earth filter media
is deposited on a support membrane (septum); and
While the water is filtered by passing through the
cake on the septum, additional filter media known
as body feed is continuously added to the feed
water to maintain the permeability of the filter
cake.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (199~3).
“Direct filtration” means a series of processes
including coagulation and filtration but excluding
sedimentation resulting in substantial particulate
removal.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(199~3).
“Disinfectant” means any oxidant,
including but not
limited to chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chioramines and
ozone added to water in any part of the treatment or
15
distribution process, that is intended to kill or
inactivate pathogenic microorganisms.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (199~3).
“Disinfectant contact time”
or “T” means the time in
minutes that it takes for water to move from the point
of disinfectant application or the previous point of
RDC measurement to a point before or at the point where
RDC is measured.
Where only one RDC is measured, T is the time in
minutes that it takes for water to move from the
point of disinfectant application to a point
before or at where RDC is measured.
Where more than one RDC is measured, T is:
For the first measurement of RDC, the time in
minutes that it takes for water to move from
the first or only point of disinfectant
application to a point before or at the point
where the first RDC is measured and
For subsequent measurements of RDC, the time
in minutes that it takes for water to move
from the previous RDC measurement point to
the RDC measurement point for which the
particular T is being calculated.
T in pipelines must be calculated based on “plug
flow” by dividing the internal volume of the pipe
by the maximum hourly flow rate through that pipe.
T within mixing basins and storage reservoirs must
be determined by tracer studies or an equivalent
demonstration.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(199Q-3).
“Disinfection” means a process that inactivates
pathogenic organisms in water by chemical oxidants or
equivalent agents.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(1992-3).
“Distribution system” includes all points downstream of
an “entry point” to the point of consumer ownership.
“Domestic or other non—distribution system plumbing
problem” means a coliform contamination problem in a
PWS with more than one service connection that is
limited to the specific service connection from which
the coliform-positive sample was taken.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(l992~).
16
“Dose equivalent” means the product of the absorbed
dose from ionizing radiation and such factors as
account for differences in biological effectiveness due
to the type of radiation and its distribution in the
body as specified by the International Commission on
Radiological Units and Measurements (ICRU).
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (199~).
“Entry point” means a point just downstream of the
final treatment operation,
but upstream of the first
user and upstream of any mixing with other water.
If
raw water is used without treatment,
the “entry point”
is the raw water source.
If a PWS receives treated
water from another PWS, the “entry point” is a point
just downstream of the other PWS, but upstream of the
first user on the receiving PWS, and upstream of any
mixing with other water.
“Filtration” means
a process for removing particulate
matter from water by passage through porous media.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (l99~).
“Flocculation” means a process to enhance agglomeration
or collection of smaller floc particles into larger,
more easily settleable particles through gentle
stirring by hydraulic or mechanical means.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (199~).
“GC” means “gas chromatography” or “gas—liquid phase
chromatography”.
“GC/MS” means gas chromatography
(GC)
followed by mass
spectrometry
(NS).
“Gross alpha particle activity” means
the total
radioactivity due to alpha particle emission as
inferred from measurements on a dry sample.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(199~3).
“Gross beta particle activity” means the total
radioactivity due to beta particle emission as inferred
from measurements on a dry sample.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(199-2-3).
“Groundwater under the direct influence of surface
water”
is as determined in Section 611.212.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (199~).
“GWS” means “groundwater system”,
a public water supply
(PWS)
that uses only groundwater sources.
BOARD NOTE:
Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(b) (2)
&
141.24(f)(2)
note
(199-2-3).
17
“Halogen” means one of the chemical elements chlorine,
bromine or iodine.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(199-3).
“HPC” means “heterotrophic plate count”, measured as
specified in Section 611.531(c).
“Inactivation Ratio”
(Ai) means:
Ai
=
CT~,~/CT~9
The sum of the inactivation ratios,
or “total
inactivation ratio”
(B)
is calculated by adding
together the inactivation ratio for each
disinfection sequence:
B
=
&~M~(Ai)
A total inactivation ratio equal to or greater
than 1.0
is assumed to provide a 3—log
inactivation
of Giardia lamblia cysts.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from the definition of “CT”
in 40 CFR 141.2
(1992-3).
“Initial compliance period” means the three—year
compliance period that begins January
1,
1993,
except
for the MCL5 for dichioromethane,
l,2,4-trichloro-
benzene,
1, l,2—trichloroethane,
benzoapyrene,
dalapon, di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate,
di(2-ethylhexyl)-
phthalate, dinoseb, diquat,
endothall,
endrin,
glyphosate,
hexachlorobenzene,
hexachlorocyclopenta—
diene,
oxamyl, picloram,
simazine,
2,3,7,8—TCDD,
antimony, beryllium,
cyanide, nickel, and thallium as
they apply to suppliers whose supplies have fewer than
150 service connections,
for which
it means the three—
year compliance period that begins on January
1,
1996.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(199~2-3), ac~
amended at 57
Fed. Reg.
31838
(July
17,
1992).
“L” means
“liter”.
“Legionella” means a genus of bacteria, some species of
which have caused a type of pneumonia called
Legionnaires Disease.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(199-3).
“Man—made beta particle and photon emitters” means all
radionuclides emitting beta particles and/or photons
listed in Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum
Permissible Concentrations of Radionuclides
in Air and
in Water for Occupational Exposure,
NCRP Report Number
18
22, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102,
except the daughter products of thorium-232, uranium-
235 and uranium-238.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(1992-3).
“Maximum contaminant level”
(“MCL”) means the maximum
permissible level of a contaminant
in water that is
delivered to any user of a public water system.
See
Section 611.121
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(1992-3).
“Maximum Total Trihalomethane Potential” or “MTP” means
the maximum concentration of total trihalomethanes
(TTHMs)
produced in a given water containing a
disinfectant residual after
7 days at
a temperature of
25°C or above.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(199-2-~.).
“MFL” means millions of fibers per liter larger than 10
micrometers.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40
CFR 141.23 (a) (4)
(i)
(1992-i)
“mg” means milligrams
(1/1000th of a gram).
“mg/L” means milligrams per liter.
“Mixed system” means a PWS that uses both groundwater
and surface water sources.
BOARD
NOTE:
Drawn from
40 CFR 141.23(b) (2)
and
141.24(f)(2) note
(1992-3).
“MUG” means 4-methyl-umbelliferyl-beta-d-glucuronide.
“Near the first service connection” means at one of the
20 percent of all service connections in the entire
system that are nearest the public water system
(PWS)
treatment facility,
as measured by water transport time
within the distribution system.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(1992-3).
“nm” means nanometer (1/1,000,000,000th of
a meter).
“Non—community water system” or “NCWS” or “non—CWS”
means a public water system
(PWS)
that
is not a
community water system (CWS).
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from the definition of “public
water system” in 40
CFR 141.2
(l992-~).
“Non—transient non-community water system”
or “NTNCWS”
means a public water system
(PWS)
that is not a
19
community water system
(CWS)
and that regularly serves
at least
25 of the same persons over
6 months per year.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(1992-3).
“NPDWR”
means “national primary drinking water
regulation”.
“NTU” means “nephelometric turbidity units”.
“Old MCL” means one of the inorganic maximum
contaminant levels
(MCL5), codified at Section 611.300,
or organic MCLs,
codified at Section 611.310, including
any marked as “additional state requirements.”
BOARD NOTE:
Old MCLs are those derived prior to the
implementation of the U.~S~EPA“Phase II” regulations.
The Section 611.640 definition of this term,
which
applies only to Subpart 0 of this Part, differs from
this definition in that th~edefinition does not
include the Section 611.300 inorganic MCLs.
“P—A Coliform Test” means “Presence—Absence Coliform
Test”.
“Performance evaluation sample” means a reference
sample provided to a laboratory for the purpose of
demonstrating that the laboratory can successfully
analyze the sample within limits of performance
specified by the Agency;
or,
for bacteriological
laboratories, Public Health;
or,
for radiological
laboratories, the Illinois Department of Nuclear
Safety.
The true value of the concentration of the
reference material
is unknown to the laboratory at the
time of the analysis.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(19911).
“Person” means an individual,
corporation, company,
association, partnership,
State,
unit of local
government or federal agency.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(1992-3).
“Phase I” refers to that group of chemical contaminants
and the accompanying regulations promulgated by U~S~
EPA on July 8,
1987,
at 52 Fed. Reg.
25712.
“Phase II” refers to that group of chemical
contaminants and the accompanying regulations
promulgated by U~S~EPAon January 30,
1991, at 56 Fed.
Reg.
3578.
“Phase IIB” refers to that group of chemical
contaminants and the accompanying regulations
20
promulgated by U~S~EPAon July
1,
1991,
at
56 Fed.
Reg.
30266.
“Phase V” refers to that group of chemical contaminants
promulgated by U~S.~EPA
on July 17,
1992,
at 57 Fed.
Reg.
31776.
“Picocurie” or “pCi” means the quantity of radioactive
material producing 2.22 nuclear transformations per
minute.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(19913).
“Point of disinfectant application”
is the point at
which the disinfectant
is applied and downstream of
which water is not subject to recontamination by
surface water runoff.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(1992-1).
“Point—of—entry treatment device”
is a treatment device
applied to the drinking water entering a house or
building for the purpose of reducing contaminants in
the drinking water distributed throughout the house or
building.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(19911).
“Point—of—use treatment device”
is a treatment device
applied to
a single tap used for the purpose of
reducing contaminants
in drinking water at that one
tap.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(1992-1).
“Public Health” means the Illinois Department of Public
Health.
BOARD NOTE:
The Department of Public Health
(“Public
Health”)
regulates non—community water supplies (“non-
CWSs”,
including non-transient, non—community water
supplies
(“NTNCWSs”) and transient non—community water
supplies (“transient non—CWSs”)).
For the purposes of
regulation of supplies by Public Health by reference to
this Part,
“Agency” shall mean Public Health.
“Public water system” or “PWS” means a system for the
provision to the public of piped water for human
consumption,
if such system has at least fifteen
service connections or regularly serves an average of
at least
25 individuals daily at least 60 days out of
the year.
A PWS
is either a community water system
(CWS)
or a non—community water system
(non—CWS).
Such
term includes:
Any collection, treatment,
storage and
distribution facilities under control of the
21
operator of such system and used primarily in
connection with such system,
and;
Any collection or pretreatment storage facilities
not under such control that are used primarily in
connection with such system.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(1992-1).
“Reliably and consistently” below a specified level for
a contaminant means an Agency determination based on
analytical results following the initial detection of a
contaminant to determine the qualitative condition of
water from an individual sampling point or source.
The
Agency shall base this determination on the consistency
of analytical results, the degree below the MCL, the
susceptibility of source water to variation,
and other
vulnerability factors pertinent to the contaminant
detected that may influence the quality of water.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(b) (9),
141.24(f)(11)(ii), and 141.24(f)(l1)(iii)
(1992-1).
“Rem” means the unit of dose equivalent from ionizing
radiation to the total body or any internal organ or
organ system.
A “millirem (mrem)” is 1/1000 of
a rem.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(19911).
“Repeat compliance period” means a compliance period
that begins after the initial compliance period.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(19911).
“Representative” means that a sample must reflect the
quality of water that is delivered to consumers under
conditions when all sources required to supply water
under normal conditions are in use and all treatment is
properly operating.
“Residual disinfectant concentration”
(“RDC” or “C” in
CT calculations) means the concentration of
disinfectant measured in mg/L in a representative
sample of water.
For purposes of the requirement of
Section 611.241(d)
of maintaining a detectable RDC in
the distribution system,
“RDC” means
a residual of free
or combined chlorine.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(19911).
“SDWA” means the Public Health Service Act,
as amended
by the Safe Drinking Water Act, Pub.
L.
93-523,
42
U.S.C.
300f et seq.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(1992-1).
“Sanitary survey” means an onsite review of the water
source,
facilities,
equipment,
operation and
22
maintenance of a public water system
(PWS)
for the
purpose of evaluating the adequacy of such source,
facilities, equipment,
operation and maintenance for
producing and distributing safe drinking water.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(1992-3).
“Sedimentation” means a process for removal of solids
before filtration by gravity or separation.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(19911).
“SEP” means special exception permit
(Section 611.110).
“Slow sand filtration” means a process involving
passage of raw water through a bed of sand at low
velocity
(generally less than 0.4 meters per hour
(m/h)) resulting in substantial particulate removal by
physical and biological mechanisms.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(19911).
“SOC” or “Synthetic organic chemical contaminant”
refers to that group of contaminants designated as
“SOCs”,
or “synthetic organic chemicals” or “synthetic
organic contaminants”,
in U.~S~EPAregulatory
discussions and guidance documents.
“SOCs” include
alachlor, aldicarb,
aldicarb sulfone, aldicarb
sulfoxide,
atrazine, benzoa)pyrene,
carbofuran,
chlordane, dalapon, dibromoethylene
(ethylene dibromide
or EDB), dibromochloropropane
(DBCP), di(2—ethylhexyl)-
adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,
dinoseb, diquat,
endothall, endrin,
glyphosate,
heptachlor,
heptachlor
epoxide, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene,
lindane, methoxychlor, oxamyl, pentachlorophenol,
picloram, simazine, toxaphene, polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs),
2, 4-D,
2,3,7, 8-TCDD, and 2,4, 5—TP.
“Source” means
a well, reservoir,
or other source of
raw water.
“Standard sample” means the aliquot of finished
drinking water that is examined for the presence of
coliform bacteria.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(19913).
“Supplier of water” or “supplier” means any person who
owns or operates
a public water system (PWS).
This
term includes the “official custodian”.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(19913).
“Surface water” means all water that is open to the
atmosphere and subject to surface runoff.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(19911).
23
“SWS” means “surface water system”,
a public water
supply
(PWS)
that uses only surface water sources,
including “groundwater under the direct influence of
surface water”.
BOARD NOTE:
Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(b) (2) and
141.24(f)(2)
note
(19913).
“System with a single service connection” means a
system that supplies drinking water to consumers via a
single service line.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(19913).
“Too numerous to count” means that the total number of
bacterial colonies exceeds 200 on a
47—mm
diameter
membrane filter used for coliform detection.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(19913).
“Total trihalomethanes”
or “TTHM” means the sum of the
concentration of trihalomethanes
(THMs),
in milligrams
per liter
(mg/L),
rounded to two significant figures.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from the definition of “total
trihalomethanes”
in 40 CFR 141.2
(199-2-3) ._See the
definition of THNs for a listing of the four compounds
that U.S. EPA considers TTHN5 to comprise.
“Transient, non—community water system” or “transient
non-CWS” or “TNCWS” means a public water system
(PWS)
that is neither a community water system
(“CWS”) nor
a
non—transient, noncomniunity water system (“NTNCWS”).
BOARD NOTE:
The federal regulations apply to all
“public water systems”, which are defined as all
systems having at least 15 service connections or
regularly serving water to at least 25 persons.
See 42
U.S.C.
§300f(4).
The Act mandates that the Board and
the Agency regulate “public water supplies”, which it
defines as having at least
15 service connections or
regularly serving 25 persons daily at least 60 days per
year.
See Ill. Rev.
Stat.
1991 ch.
111½,
par.
1003.28
(415 ILCS 5/3.28.
The Department of Public Health
regulates transient non—community water systems.
“Treatment” means any process that changes the
physical, chemical, microbiological, or radiological
properties of water,
is under the control of the
supplier, and is not a “point of use” or “point of
entry treatment device” as defined
in this Section.
“Treatment” includes, but is not limited to aeration,
coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, activated
carbon treatment,
disinfection, and fluoridation.
“Trihalomethane” or “THN” means one of the family of
organic compounds,
named as derivatives of methane,
in
24
which three of the four hydrogen atoms in methane are
each substituted by a halogen atom in the molecular
structure.
The THM5 are:
Trichloroinethane
(chloroform),
Dibromochloromethane,
Bromodichloromethane and
Tribromomethane (bromoform)
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from the definitions of
“total trihalomethanes” and “trihalomethanes” in
40 CFR 141.2
(19911).
“pg” means micrograms
(1/1,000,000th of a gram).
“U.S.
EPA” means the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
“Virus” means a virus of fecal origin that is
infectious to humans by waterborne transmission.
“VOC” or “volatile organic chemical contaminant” refers
to that group of contaminants designated as “VOCs”, or
“volatile organic chemicals” or “volatile organic
contaminants”,
in U.~S~EPAregulatory discussions and
guidance documents.
“VOCs” include benzene, dichloro—
methane, tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride),
trichloroethylene, vinyl chloride,
1,1,l—trichloro-
ethane
(methyl chloroform),
1, 1—dichloroethylene,
1, 2-dichloroethane,
cis—1, 2-dichloroethylene, ethyl-
benzene, monochlorobenzene,
o—dichlorobenzene,
styrene,
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene,
1,1,2—trichloroethane,
tetra—
chloroethylene, toluene, trans—i, 2—dichloroethylene,
xylene,
and 1,2—dichloropropane.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(19913).
“Waterborne disease outbreak” means the significant
occurrence of acute infectious illness,
epidemiologically associated with the ingestion of
water from a public water system
(PWS)
that is
deficient in treatment,
as determined by the
appropriate local or State agency.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.2
(19913).
“Wellhead Protection Program” means the wellhead
protection program for the State of Illinois, approved
by U~S~EPAunder Section 1428 of the SDWA.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.71(b)
(19913).
The wellhead protection program will include the
“groundwater protection needs assessment” under Section
25
17.1 of the Act, and regulations to be adopted in 35
Ill. Adm. Code 615 et seq.
(Source:
Amended at 18
Ill. Reg.
________,
effective
Section 611.102
Incorporations by Reference
a)
Abbreviations.
The following abbreviated names are
used in this Part to refer to materials incorporated by
reference:
“AEPA-l Polymer”
is available from Advanced
Polymer
Systems.
“ASTM” means American Society for Testing and
Materials
“Atomic Absorption-Platform Furnace Method” or
“AA—Platform Furnace Method” means “Determination
of Trace Elements by Stabilized Temperature
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
——
Method 200.9”
“Indigo method”
is as described in “Standard
Methods”,
17th Edition, Method 4500-03
B.
“Inductively Coupled Plasma—Mass Spectrometry
Method” or “ICP-MS Method” means “Determination of
Trace Elements
in Water and Wastes by Inductively—
Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry
-—
Method 200.8”
“Inductively Coupled Plasma Method 200.7” or “ICP
Method 200.7” means “Inductively Coupled Plasma—
Atomic Emission Spectrometric Method for Trace
Element Analysis in Water and Wastes
-—
Method
200.7, with appendix”.
See 40 CFR 136, Appendix
C.
“Inductively Coupled Plasma Method 200.7, Rev.
3.2” or “ICP Method 200.7, Rev.
3.2” means
“Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in
Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-
Atomic Emission Spectrometry
——
Method 200.7,
Revision 3.2”
See 40 CFR 136, Appendix C.
“Ion Chromatography Method 300.0” means
“Determination of Inorganic Ions in Water by Ion
Chromatography
--
Method 300.0”
26
“Microbiological Methods” means “Microbiological
Methods for Monitoring the Environment, Water and
Wastes”, available from NTIS.
“MNO—MUG Test” means “minimal medium ortho—
nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside-4-methyl
-
umbelliferyl—beta—d-glucuronide test”, available
from Environetics,
Inc.
“NCR?” means “National Council on Radiation
Protection”.
“NTIS” means “National Technical Information
Service”.
“Radiochemical Methods” means “Interim
Radiochemical Methodology for Drinking Water”,
available from NTIS.
“Standard Methods”, means “Standard Methods for
the Examination of Water and Wastewater”,
available from the American Waterworks
Association.
“Technicon Methods” means “Fluoride in Water and
Wastewater”, available from Technicon.
“USEPA Asbestos Methods” or “U.S. EPA Asbestos
Methods” means “Analytical Method for
Determination of Asbestos Fibers in Water”,
available from NTIS.
“USEPA Dioxin and Furan Method 1613”
or “U.S.
EPA
Dioxin and Furan Method 1613” means “Tetra—
through Octa- Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans by
Isotope Dilution, available from USEPA—OST.
“USEPA Environmental Metals Methods” or “U.S.
EPA
Environmental Metals Methods” means “Methods for
the Determination of Metals in Environmental
Samples”, available from NTIS.
“USEPA Inorganic Methods” or “U.S.
EPA Inorganic
Methods” means “Methods for Chemical Analysis of
Water and Wastes”, available from NTIS and ORD
Publications.
“USEPA Ion Chromatography Method 300.0” or “U.S.
EPA Ion Chromatography Method 300.0” means “Method
300.0, Determination of Inorganic Anions in Water
by Ion Chromatography”,
available from USEPA-EMSL.
27
“USEPA Organic Methods” or “U.S.
EPA Organic
Methods” means “Methods for the Determination of
Organic Compounds in Finished Drinking Water and
Raw Source Water”, September,
1986, available from
NTIS and USEPA-ENSL,
for the purposes of Section
611.647 only—~-:~
and “Methods for the Determination
of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water”,
December,
1988,
available from NTIS and ORD Publications,
for the purposes of Sections 611.646 and 611.648
only; and “Methods for the Determination of
Organic Compounds in Drinking Water”,
available
from NTIS,
for the purposes of Section 611.685
only.
“USGS Methods” means “Methods for Determination of
Inorganic Substances in Water and Fluvial
Sediments”,
available from USGS.
b)
The Board incorporates the following publications by
reference:
Access Analytical Systems,
Inc.,
See Environetics,
Inc.
ASTN.
American Society for Testing and Materials,
1976 Race Street,
Philadelphia, PA
19103
215/299—5585:
ASTM Method D5l1-88A and B,
“Standard Test
Methods for Calcium and Magnesium in Water”,
approved 1988.
ASTM Method D515-88A,
“Standard Test Methods
for Phosphorus in Water”, approved 1988.
ASTM Method D858-88,
“Standard Test Methods
for Manganese in Water”, approved August 19,
1988.
ASTM Method D859-88, Standard Test Method for
Silica in Water”, approved 1988.
ASTM Method Dl067-88B,
“Standard Test Methods
for Acidity or Alkalinity in Water”, approved
1988.
ASTM Method D1125-82B,
“Standard Test Methods
for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity
of Water”, approved October 29,
1982.
28
ASTM Method D1179-72A or B “Standard Test
Methods for Fluoride in Water”,
approved July
28,
1972, reapproved 1978.
ASTM
Method D1293-84B “Standard Test Methods
for pH of Water”, approved October 26,
1984.
ASTM Method D1428-64, “Standard Test Methods
for Sodium and Potassium in Water and Water—
Formed Deposits by Flame Photometry”,
approved August
31,
1964,
reapproved 1977.
ASTN Method D1688-90A or
C,
“Standard Test
Methods for Copper in Water”, approved 1990.
ASTM Method D2036—89A or
B, “Standard Test
Methods for Cyanide in Water”, approved 1989.
ASTM Method D2459—72,
“Standard Test Method
for Gamma
Spectronietry in Water,” 1975,
reapproved 1981, discontinued 1988.
ASTM Method D2907-83,
“Standard Test Methods
for Microquantities of Uranium in Water by
Fluorometry”, approved May 27,
1983.
ASTM Method D2972-88A or B,
“Standard Test
Methods for Arsenic in Water”,
approved 1988.
ASTM Method D3223-86, “Standard Test Method
for Total Mercury in Water”,
approved
February
28, 1986.
ASTM Method D3559—85D,
“Standard Test Methods
for Lead in Water”, approved 1985.
ASTM Method D3645-84B,
“Standard Test Methods
for Beryllium in Water, Method B--Atomic
Absorption, Graphite Furnace”, approved Jan.
27,
1984.
ASTM Method D3697-87,
“Standard Test Method
for Antimony in Water”, approved 1987.
ASTM Method D3859-84A,
“Standard Test Methods
for Selenium in Water, Method A——Atomic
Absor~ption,Hydride Method”, approved 1984.
ASTM Method D3859-88,
“Standard Test Methods
for Selenium in Water”,
approved June 24,
1988.
29
ASTM Method D3867-90,
“Standard Test Methods
for Nitrite-Nitrate in Water”, approved
January 10,
1990.
ASTM Method 4327-88, “Standard Test Method
for Anions in Water by Ion Chromatography”,
approved 1988.
American Waterworks Association et al.,
6666 West
Quincy Ave.,
Denver,
CO
80235
(303)
794—7711:
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
and Wastewater,
13th Edition,
1971.
Method 302, Gross Alpha and Gross Beta
Radioactivity in Water
(Total, Suspended
and Dissolved).
Method 303, Total Radioactive Strontium
and Strontium 90
in Water.
Method 304, Radium in Water by
Precipitation.
Method 305, Radium 226 by Radon in Water
(Soluble,
Suspended and Total).
Method 306, Tritium in Water.
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
and Wastewater,
14th Edition,
1976.
Method 2i4A,
Turbidity, Nephelometric
Method
--
Nephelometric Turbidity Units
(for the purposes of Section 611.560
turbidity only).
Methods 320 and 320A,
Sodium,
Flame
Photometric Method.
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
and Wastewater,
16th Edition,
1985.
Method 212,
Temperature.
Method 214A,
Turbidity,
Nephelometric
Method
--
Nephelometric Turbidity Units
(for the purposes of Section 611.631
microbiological only).
30
Method
303A, Determination of Antimony,
etc. by Direct Aspiration into an Air-
Acetylene Flame.
Method 303E,
Determination of Arsenic
and Selenium by Conversion to Their
Hydrides by Sodium Borohydride Reagent
and Aspiration into an Atomic Absorption
Atomizer.
Method 304, Determination of Micro
Quantities of Aluminum,
etc.
by
Electrothermal Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry.
Method 307A, Arsenic, Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometric Method.
Method 307B, Arsenic, Silver Diethyldi-
thiocarbamate Method.
Method 408C, Chlorine (Residual),
Amperometric Titration Method.
Method 408D,
Chlorine (Residual), DPD
Ferrous Titrimetric Method.
Method 408E,
Chlorine (Residual), DPD
Colorimetric Method.
Method 408F, Chlorine
(Residual), Leuco
Crystal Violet Method.
Method 410B,
Chlorine Dioxide,
Amperometric Method.
Method 410C,
Chlorine Dioxide, DPD
Method
(Tentative).
Method 413A,
Fluoride, Preliminary
Distillation Step.
Method 413B, Fluoride, Electrode Method.
Method 413C, Fluoride, SPADNS Method.
Method 413E, Fluoride, Complexone
Method.
Method 423, pH Value.
Method 907A, Pour Plate Method.
31
Method 908, Multiple Tube Fermentation
Technique for Members of the Coliform
Group.
Method 908A, Standard Coliform Multiple-
Tube
(MPN) Tests.
Method 908B, Application of Tests to
Routine Examinations.
Method 908C,
Fecal Coliform MPN
Procedure.
Method 908D, Estimation of Bacterial
Density.
Method 908E, Presence-Absence
(P—A)
Coliform Test
(Tentative).
Method 909, Membrane Filter Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group.
Method 909A,
Standard Total Coliform
Membrane Filter Procedure.
Method 909B, Delayed Incubation Total
Coliform Procedure.
Method 909C, Fecal Coliform Membrane
Filter Procedure.
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
and Wastewater,
17th Edition,
1989.
Method 2320,
Alkalinity.
Method 2510,
Conductivity.
Method 2550,
Temperature.
Method 3111 B, Metals by Flame Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry, Direct Air-
Acetylene Flame Method.
Method 3111 D, Metals by Flame Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry, Direct Nitrous
Oxide-Acetylene Flame Method.
Method 3112 B, Metals by Cold-Vapor
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Cold-
Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometric
Method.
32
Method 3113, Metals by Electrothermal
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.
Method 3113 B,
Metals by Electrothermal
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry,
Electrothermal Atomic Absorption
Spectrometric Method.
Method 3114 B, Metals by Hydride
Generation/Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry, Manual Hydride Generation!
Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Method.
Method 3120, Metals by Plasma Emission
Spectroscopy.
Method 3500—Ca
D, Calcium, EDTA
Titrimetric Method.
Method 4110, Determination of Anions by
Ion Chromatography.
Method 4500—CN D,
Cyanide, Titrimetric
Method.
Method 4500-CN
E, Cyanide, Colorimetric
Method.
Method 4500-CN F,
Cyanide, Cyanide-
Selective Electrode Method.
Method 4500-CN G, Cyanide, Cyanides
Amenable to Chlorination after
Distillation.
Method 4500-H~,pH Value.
Method 4500-NO3- E, Nitrogen (Nitrate),
Cadmium Reduction Method.
Method 4500-NO3
F, Nitrogen (Nitrate),
Automated Cadmium Reduction Method.
Method 4500-03, Ozone (Residual),
Indigo
Colorimetric Method
(Proposed).
Method 4500-P
F,
Phosphorus, Automated
Ascorbic Acid Reduction Method.
Method 4500-Si D,
Silica, Molybdosili—
cate Method.
33
Method 4500-Si
E,
Silica, Heteropoly
Blue Method.
Method 4500-Si
F,
Silica, Automated
method for Molybdate-Reactive Silica.
Advanced Polymer Systems, 3696 Haven Avenue,
Redwood City,
CA
94063
415/ 366—2626:
AEPA-1 Polymer.
See 40 CFR 141.22(a).
Also,
as referenced in ASTM D1889.
Environetics,
Inc.,
21 Business Park Drive,
Branford, CT
06405
800/321—0207:
MMO-MUG
tests:
Colilert P/A or Colilert MPN.
ERDA Health and Safety Laboratory, New York,
NY:
HASL Procedure Manual, HASL 300,
1973.
See
40 CFR 141.25(b) (2).
Millipore Corporation, Waters Chromatography
Division,
34 Maple St.,
Milford, MA
01757
800/252—4752:
Waters Test Method for the Determination of
Nitrite/Nitrate in Water Using Single Column
Ion Chromatography, Method B-lOll.
NCRP.
National Council on Radiation Protection,
7910 Woodmont Ave.,
Bethesda, MD
(301)
657—2652:
“Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum
Permissible Concentrations of Radionuclides
in Air and in Water for Occupational
Exposure”, NCR? Report Number 22, June 5,
1959.
NTIS.
National Technical Information Service,
5285 Port Royal Road,
Springfield, VA
22161
(703)
487—4600 or
(800)
336—4700:
Analytical Method for Determination of
Asbestos Fibers in Water,
EPA—600/4—83—043,
September,
1983,
Doc. No. PB83—260471.
“Methods of Chemical Analysis of Water and
Wastes”, March,
1979.
EPA—600/4—79—020,
Doc. No. PB84-297686.
34
“Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and
Wastes”, March,
1983,
Doc. No. PB84—128677,
for all methods referenced except methods
180.1 (turbidity, Section 611.560) and 273.1
and 273.2
(sodium, Section 611.630).
“Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and
Wastes”, March,
1979,
Doc. No. PB84—128677,
only for methods 180.1
(turbidity, Section
611.560)
and 273.1 and 273.2
(sodium, Section
611.630).
“Methods for the Determination of Metals in
Environmental Samples”,
1991,
Doc. No. PB91—
231498.
“Methods for the Determination of Organic
Compounds in Finished Drinking Water and Raw
Source Water”,
EPA/600/4-88/039,
September,
1986, Doc. No. PB89-220461.
(For the
purposes of Section 611.647 only.)
“Methods for the Determination of Organic
Compounds in Drinking Water”,
EPA/600/4-
88/039, December,
1988,
Doc. Nos. PB91—231480
and PB91-146O27.
(For the purposes of
Section 611.646 and 611.648 only; including
Method 515.1, revision 5.0 and Method 525.1,
revision 3.0
(May,
1991).)
“Methods for the Determination of Organic
Compounds in Finished Drinking Water”,
EPA/600/4—88/039, revised July,
1991.
(For
the purposes of Section 611.685 only;
including methods 502.2 and 524.2.)
“Microbiological Methods for Monitoring the
Environment:
Water and Wastes”,
R. Bodner
and J.
Winter,
1978.
EPA—600/8-78-O17,
Doc.
No. PB290—329/LP.
“Procedures for Radiochemical Analysis of
Nuclear Reactor Aqueous Solutions”,
H.L.
Krieger and S. Gold,
EPA—R4—73-014, May,
1973,
Doc.
No. PB222—154/7BA.
ORD Publications, CERI, EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268:
“Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and
Wastes”, March,
1983,
(EPA—600/4—79—020),
for
all methods referenced except methods 180.1
35
(turbidity, Section 611.560)
and 273.1 and
273.2
(sodium,
Section 611.630)
“Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and
Wastes”, March,
1979,
(EPA—600/4—79-020),
only for methods 180.1
(turbidity, Section
611.560)
and 273.1 and 273.2
(sodium,
Section
611.630)
“Methods for the Determination of Organic
Compounds in Drinking Water”, EPA/600/4-
88/039,
December,
1988, Doc.
Nos. PB91—231480
and PB91-146027.
(For the purposes of
Section 611.646 only.)
See NTIS.
Orion Research,
Inc.,
529 Main St.,
Boston, MA
02129
800/225—1480:
Orion Guide to Water and Wastewater Analysis,
Form WeWWG/5880,
p.
5.
Technicon Industrial Systems, Tarrytown,
NY
10591:
“Fluoride
in Water and Wastewater”,
Industrial Method #129-71W,
December, 1972
See 40 CFR 141.23(f) (10),
footnotes
6 and 7.
“Fluoride in Water and Wastewater”,
#380—
75WE,
February,
1976.
See 40 CFR
141.23(f) (10),
footnotes 6 and 7.
United States Environmental Protection Agency,
EMSL,
EPA,
Cincinnati, OH 45268:
“The Analysis of Trihalomethanes
in Drinking
Waters by the Purge and Trap Method”, Method
501.1.
See 40 CFR 141, Subpart
C, Appendix
C.
“The Analysis of Trihalomethanes in Drinking
Water by Liquid/Liquid Extraction,” Method
501.2.
See 40 CFR 141,
Subpart C, Appendix
C.
“Inductively Coupled Plasma—Atomic Emission
Spectrometric Method for Trace Element
Analysis in Water and Wastes
—-
Method 200.7,
with Appendix to Method 200.7” entitled,
“Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission
Analysis of Drinking Water”
(Appendix
36
200.7A), March 1987
(EPA/600/4—91/010).
See
40 CFR 136, Appendix C.
“Interim Radiochemical Methodology for
Drinking Water”, EPA—600/4—75-008
(Revised)
March,
1976.
“Methods for the Determination of Organic
Compounds in Finished Drinking Water and Raw
Source Water”,
September,
1986.
(For the
purposes of Section 611.647 only).
See NTIS.
“Methods
e’—f
or Chemical Analysis of Water
and Wastes”.
See NTIS and ORD Publications.
~Microbiologica1 Methods for Monitoring the
Environment, Water and Wastes”.
See NTIS~
“Volatile Organic Compounds in Water by Purge
and Trap Capillary Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry”, Method 524.2,
order number
PB91-231480.
(For purposes of Section
611.685 only.)
See NTIS.
“Volatile Organic Compounds in Water by Purge
and TraP Capillary Gas Chromatography with
Photoionization and Electrolytic Conductivity
Dectector in Series”, Method 502.2,
order
number PB 91-231480.
(For purposes of
Section 621.685 only.)
See NTIS.
“Procedures for Radiochemical Analysis of
Nuclear Reactor Aqueous Solutions”.
See
NTIS.
U.SEPA-OST
(United States Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Science and
Technology),
P.O Box 1407, Arlington, VA
22313:
“Tetra- through Octa- Chlorinated Dioxins and
Furans by Isotope Dilution”.
United States Environmental Protection Agency,
Science and Technology Branch, Criteria and
Standards Division, Office of Drinking Water,
Washington D.C.
20460:
“Guidance Manual for Compliance with the
Filtration and Disinfection Requirements for
Public Water Systems using Surface Water
Sources”,
October,
1989.
37
USGS.
United States Geological Survey,
1961 Stout
St.,
Denver, CO
80294
303/844—4169:
Techniques of Water—Resources Investigation
of the United States Geological Survey:
Book
5,
Chapter A-i,
“Methods for
Determination of Inorganic Substances in
Water and Fluvial Sediments”,
3d ed.,
Open-File Report 85-495,
1989.
c)
The Board incorporates the following federal
regulations by reference:
40 CFR 136, Appendix B and
C (19911).
40 CFR 141, Subpart
C, Appendix C (19911).
d)
This Part incorporates no later amendments or editions.
(Source:
Amended at 18
Ill. Reg.
________,
effective
SUBPART B:
FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION
Section 611.212
Groundwater under Direct Influence of Surface
Water
The Agency shall,
pursuant to Section 611.201,
require all CWS5
to demonstrate whether they are using “groundwater under the
direct influence of surface water” by June 29,
1994. The Agency
shall determine with information provided by the supplier whether
a PWS uses “groundwater under the direct influence of surface
water” on an individual basis.
The Agency shall determine that a
groundwater source
is under the direct influence of surface water
based upon:
a)
Physical characteristics of the source:
whether the
source is obviously a surface water source, such as a
lake or stream.
Other sources which may be subject to
influence from surface waters include:
springs,
infiltration galleries, wells or other collectors in
subsurface aquifers.
b)
Well construction characteristics and geology with
field evaluation.
1)
The Agency may use the welihead protection
program’s requirements, which include delineation
of wellhead protection areas,
assessment of
sources of contamination and implementation of
38
management control systems, to determine if the
wellhead is under the influence of surface water.
2)
Wells less than or equal to 50 feet in depth are
likely to be under the influence of surface water.
3)
Wells greater than 50 feet in depth are likely to
be under the influence of surface water,
unless
they include:
A)
A surface sanitary seal using bentonite clay,
concrete similar material-~.,.
B)
A well casing that penetrates consolidated
(slowly permeable) material-~—A~ndT
C)
A well casing that is only perforated or
screened below consolidated
(slowly
permeable)
material.
4)
A source which is less than 200 feet from any
surface water is likely to be under the influence
of surface water.
c)
Any structural modifications to prevent the direct
influence of surface water and eliminate the potential
for Giardia lamblia cyst contamination.
d)
Source water quality records.
The following are
indicative that a source
is under the influence of
surface water:
1)
A record
of total coliforni or fecal coliform
contamination in untreated samples collected over
the past three
years-i-,
2)
A history of turbidity problems associated with
the source--, —OorT
3)
A history of known or suspected outbreaks of
Giardia lamblia or other pathogenic organism
associated with surface water
(e.g.
cryptosporidium), which has been attributed to
that source.
e)
Significant and relatively rapid shifts in water
characteristics such as turbidity,
temperature,
conductivity or pH.
1)
A variation in turbity of 0.5 NTU or more over one
year is indicative of surface influence.
39
2)
A variation in temperature of 9 Fahrenheit degrees
or more over one year
is indicative of surface
influence.
f)
Significant and relatively rapid shifts in water
characteristics such as turbidity, temperature,
conductivity or pH which closely correlate to
climatological or surface water conditions are
indicative of surface water influence.
1)
Evidence of particulate matter associated with the
surface water.
~Qr,
2)
Turbidity or temperature data which correlates to
that of a nearby water source.
g)
Particulate analysis:
Significant occurance of insects
or other macroorganisms, algae or large diameter
pathogens such as Giardia lamblia is indicative of
surface influence.
1)
“Large diameter” particulates are those over
7
micrometers.
2)
Particulates must be measured as specified in the
“Guidance Manual for Compliance with the
Filtration and Disinfection Requirements for
Public Water Systems using Surface Water Sources”,
incorporated by reference in Section 611.102.
h)
The potential for contamination by small-diameter
pathogens, such as bacteria or viruses, does not alone
render the source “under the direct influence of
surface water”.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from the definition of
“groundwater under the direct influence of surface
water”
in 40 CFR 141.2,
adopted at 54 Fed.
flog.
27526,
June 29,
1989 (1993)
from the Preamble at 54 Fed.
Reg. 274897 IJune 29,
1989j;
and from the USEPA
“Guidance Manual for Compliance with the Filtration and
Disinfection Requirements for Public Water Systems
using Surface Water Sources”,
incorporated by reference
in Section 611.102.
(Source:
Amended at 18
Ill. Reg
effective
SUBPART G:
LEAD AND COPPER
Section 611.356
Tap Water Monitoring for Lead and Copper
40
a)
Sample site location.
1)
Selecting a pool of targeted sampling sites.
A)
By the applicable date for commencement of
monitoring under subsection
(d) (1)
below,
each supplier shall complete a materials
evaluation of its distribution system in
order to identify a pool of targeted sampling
sites that meets the requirements of this
Section.
B)
The pool of targeted sampling sites must be
sufficiently large to ensure that the
supplier can collect the number of lead and
copper tap samples required by subsection
(c)
below.
C)
The supplier shall select the sites for
collection of first draw samples from this
pool of targeted sampling sites.
D)
The supplier shall not select as sampling
sites any faucets that have point—of—use or
point-of—entry treatment devices designed to
remove or capable of removing inorganic
contaminants.
2)
Materials evaluation.
A)
A supplier shall use the information on lead,
copper, and galvanized steel collected
pursuant to 40 CFR 141.42(d)
(special
monitoring for corrosivity characteristics)
when conducting a materials evaluation.
B)
When an evaluation of the information
collected pursuant to 40 CFR 141.42(d)
is
insufficient to locate the requisite number
of lead and copper sampling sites that meet
the targeting criteria in subsection
(a)
above,
the supplier shall review the
following sources of information in order to
identify
a sufficient number of sampling
sites:
i)
all plumbing codes,
permits, and records
in the files of the building
department(s) that indicate the plumbing
materials that are installed within
publicly- and privately-owned structures
connected to the distribution system;
41
ii)
all inspections and records of the
distribution system that indicate the
material composition of the service
connections which connect a structure to
the distribution system;
iii)
all existing water quality information,
which includes the results of all prior
analyses of the system or individual
structures connected to the system,
indicating locations that may be
particularly susceptible to high lead or
copper concentrations; and
iv)
the supplier shall seek to collect such
information where possible in the course
of its normal operations
(e.g., checking
service line materials when reading
water meters or performing maintenance
activities).
3)
Tiers of sampling sites.
Suppliers shall
categorize the sampling sites within their pool
according to the following tiers:
A)
CWS Tier
1 sampling sites.
“CWS Tier
1
sampling sites” shall include the following
single—family structures:
i)
those that contain copper pipes with
lead solder installed after 1982 or
which contain lead pipes; or
ii)
those that are served by a lead service
line.
BOARD NOTE:
This allows the pool of CWS
tier
1 sampling sites to consist
exclusively of structures served by lead
service lines.
B)
CWS Tier
2 sampling sites.
“CWS Tier 2
sampling sites” shall include the following
buildings, including multiple-family
structures:
i)
those that contain copper pipes with
lead solder installed after 1982 or
contain lead pipes; or
ii)
those that are served by a lead service
line.
42
BOARD NOTE:
This allows the pool of CWS
tier 2 sampling sites to consist
exclusively of structures served by lead
service lines.
C)
CWS Tier
3 sampling sites.
“CWS Tier
3
sampling sites” shall include the following
single—family structures:
those that contain
copper pipes with lead solder installed
before 1983.
D)
NTNCWS Tier
1 sampling sites.
“NTNCWS Tier
1
sampling sites” shall include the following
buildings:
i)
those that contain copper pipes with
lead solder installed after 1982 or
which contain lead pipes;
or
ii)
those that are served by
a lead service
line.
BOARD NOTE:
This allows the pool of
NTNCWS tier
1 sampling sites to consist
exclusively of buildings served by lead
service lines.
E)
Alternative NTNCWS sampling sites.
“Alternative NTNCWS sampling sites” shall
include the following buildings:
those that
contain copper pipes with lead solder
installed before 1983.
4)
Selection of sampling sites.
Suppliers shall
select sampling sites for their sampling pool as
follows:
A)
CWS Suppliers.
CWS suppliers shall use CWS
tier
1 sampling sites,
except that the
supplier may include CWS tier
2 or CWS tier
3
sampling sites in its sampling pool as
follows:
1)
If multiple-family residences comprise
at least 20 percent of the structures
served by a supplier, the supplier may
use CWS tier
2 sampling sites in its
sampling pool;
or
ii)
If the CWS supplier has an insufficient
number of CWS tier
I sampling sites on
its distribution system, the supplier
43
may use CWS tier
2 sampling sites
in its
sampling pool;
or
iii)
If fewer than 20 percent of the
structures served by the supplier are
multiple-family residences, and the CWS
supplier has an insufficient number of
CWS tier
1 and CWS tier
2 sampling sites
on its distribution system, the supplier
may complete its sampling pool with
CWS
tier
3 sampling sites.
iv)
If the supplier has an insufficient
number of CWS tier
1 sampling sites,
CWS
tier
2 sampling sites,
and CWS tier
3
sampling sites,
the supplier shall use
those CWS tier
1 sampling sites,
CWS
tier
2 sampling sites,
and CWS tier
3
sampling sites that it has, and the
supplier shall randomly select an
additional pool of representative sites
on its distribution system for the
balance of its sampling sites.
B)
NTNCWS suppliers.
i)
An NTNCWS supplier shall select NTNCWS
tier
1 sampling sites for its sampling
pool, except
if the NTNCWS supplier has
an insufficient number of NTNCWS tier
1
sampling sites, the supplier may
complete its sampling pool with
alternative NTNCWS sampling sites.
ii)
If the NTNCWS supplier has an
insufficient number of NTNCWS tier
1
sampling sites and NTNCWS alternative
sampling sites, the supplier shall use
those NTNCWS tier
1 sampling sites and
NTNCWS alternative sampling sites that
it has, and the supplier shall randomly
select an additional pool of
representative sites on its distribution
system for the balance of its sampling
sites.
C)
Agency submission by suppliers with an
insufficient number of CWS or NTNCWS tier
1
sampling sites.
i)
Any CWS or NTNCWS supplier whose
sampling pool does not include a
44
sufficient number of sites to consist
exclusively of CWS tier
1 sampling sites
or NTNCWS tier
1 sampling sites,
as
appropriate, shall submit a letter to
the Agency under Section 611.360(a) (2)
that demonstrates why a review of the
information listed in subsection
(a) (2)
above was inadequate to locate a
sufficient number of CWS tier
1 sampling
sites or NTNCWS tier
1 sampling sites.
ii)
Any CWS supplier that wants to include
CWS tier
3 sampling sites in its
sampling pool shall demonstrate in a
letter to the Agency why it was unable
to locate a sufficient number of CWS
tier
1 sampling sites and CWS tier
2
sampling sites.
iii)
If the Agency determines,
based on the
information submitted pursuant to
subsection
(a) (4) (C) (i) or
(a) (4) (C) (ii)
above,
that either the information was
inadequate to locate a sufficient number
of CWS tier
1 sampling sites or NTNCWS
tier
1 sampling sites,
or that the
supplier was unable to locate a
sufficient number of CWS tier
1 sampling
sites and CWS tier
2 sampling sites, the
Agency shall issue a SEP to the supplier
pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows
it to use CWS tier
2 sampling sites,
NTNCWS tier
2 sampling sites,
or CWS
tier
3 sampling sites,
as appropriate.
D)
Suppliers with lead service lines.
Any
supplier whose distribution system contains
lead service lines shall draw samples during
each six—month monitoring period from
sampling sites as follows:
i)
50 percent of the samples from sampling
sites that contain lead pipes or from
sampling sites that have copper pipes
with lead solder, and
ii)
50 percent of those samples from sites
served by a lead service line.
iii) A supplier that cannot identify a
sufficient number of sampling sites
served by a lead service line shall
45
demonstrate in a letter to the Agency
under Section 611.360(a) (4)
that it was
unable to locate a sufficient number of
such sites.
iv)
If the Agency determines,
based on the
information submitted pursuant to
subsection
(a) (4) (D) (iii)
above,
that a
supplier that cannot identify a
sufficient number of sampling sites
served by a lead service line, the
Agency shall
issue a SEP to the supplier
pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows
it to collect first draw samples from
all of the sites on its distribution
system identified as being served by
such lines.
BOARD NOTE:
This allows the pool of
sampling sites to consist exclusively of
structures or buildings served by lead
service lines.
b)
Sample collection methods.
1)
All tap samples for lead and copper collected in
accordance with this Subpart, with the exception
of lead service line samples collected under
Section 611.354(c),
shall be first—draw samples.
2)
First—draw tap samples.
A)
Each first-draw tap sample for lead and
copper shall be one liter in volume and have
stood motionless in the plumbing system of
each sampling site for at least six hours.
B)
First-draw samples from residential housing
shall
be collected from the cold water
kitchen tap or bathroom sink tap.
C)
First—draw samples from a non—residential
building shall be collected at an interior
tap from which water is typically drawn for
consumption.
D)
First-draw samples may be collected by the
supplier or the supplier may allow residents
to collect first—draw samples after
instructing the residents of the sampling
procedures specified in this subsection.
46
i)
To avoid problems of residents handling
nitric acid,
acidification of first—draw
samples may be done up to
14 days after
the sample is collected.
ii)
If the first—draw sample is not
acidified immediately after collection,
then the sample must stand
in the
original container for at least 28 hours
after acidification.
E)
If a supplier allows residents to perform
sampling under subsection
(b) (2) (D)
above,
the supplier may not challenge the accuracy
of sampling results based on alleged errors
in sample collection.
3)
Service line samples.
A)
Each service line sample shall be one liter
in volume and have stood motionless in the
lead service line for at least six hours.
B)
Lead service line samples shall be collected
in one of the following three ways:
i)
at the tap after flushing that volume of
water calculated as being between the
tap and the lead service line based on
the interior diameter and length of the
pipe between the tap and the lead
service line;
ii)
tapping directly into the lead service
line; or
iii)
if the sampling site is
a single-family
structure, allowing the water to run
until there is
a significant change in
temperature that would be indicative of
water that has been standing in the lead
service line.
4)
Follow-up first-draw tap samples.
A)
A supplier shall collect each follow-up
first-draw tap sample from the same sampling
site from which it collected the previous
sample(s).
B)
If,
for any reason, the supplier cannot gain
entry to a sampling site in order to collect
47
a follow-up tap sample, the supplier may
collect the follow—up tap sample from another
sampling site in its sampling pool,
as long
as the new site meets the same targeting
criteria and is within reasonable proximity
of the original site.
c)
Number of samples
1)
Suppliers shall collect at least one sample from
the number of sites listed in the first column of
Section 6ll.Table D (labelled “standard
monitoring”) during each six—month monitoring
period specified in subsection
(d)
below.
2)
A supplier conducting reduced monitoring pursuant
to subsection
(d) (4) below may collect one sample
from the number of sites specified in the second
column of Section 611.Table D
(labelled “reduced
monitoring”) during each reduced monitoring period
specified in subsection
(d) (4)
below.
d)
Timing of monitoring
1)
Initial tap sampling.
The first six-month monitoring period for small,
medium—sized and large system suppliers shall
begin on the dates specified in Section 6ii.Table
~E.
A)
All large system suppliers shall monitor
during each of two consecutive six—month
periods.
B)
All small and medium-sized system suppliers
shall monitor during each consecutive six—
month monitoring period until:
i)
the supplier exceeds the lead action
level or the copper action level and is
therefore required to implement the
corrosion control treatment requirements
under Section 611.351,
in which case the
supplier shall continue monitoring in
accordance with subsection
(d) (2)
below,
or
ii)
the supplier meets the lead action level
and the copper action level during each
of two consecutive six—month monitoring
periods,
in which case the supplier may
48
reduce monitoring in accordance with
subsection
(d) (4)
below.
2)
Monitoring after installation of corrosion control
and source water treatment.
A)
Any large system supplier that installs
optimal corrosion control treatment pursuant
to Section 611.351(d) (4)
shall monitor during
each of two consecutive six—month monitoring
periods before the date specified in Section
611.351(d) (5).
B)
Any small or medium-sized system supplier
that installs optimal corrosion control
treatment pursuant to Section 611.351(e) (5)
shall monitor during each of two consecutive
six—month monitoring periods before the date
specified in Section 611.351(e) (6).
C)
Any supplier that installs source water
treatment pursuant to Section 611.353(a) (3)
shall monitor during each of two consecutive
six—month monitoring periods before the date
specified in Section 611.353(a) (4).
3)
Monitoring after the Agency specification of water
quality parameter values for optimal corrosion
control.
After the Agency specifies the values for water
quality control parameters pursuant to Section
611.352(f), the supplier shall monitor during each
subsequent six—month monitoring period, with the
first six-month monitoring period to begin on the
date the Agency specifies the optimal values.
4)
Reduced monitoring.
A)
Reduction to annual for small and medium-
sized system suppliers meeting the lead and
copper action levels.
A small or medium—
sized system supplier that meets the lead and
copper action levels during each of two
consecutive six—month monitoring periods may
reduce the number of samples in accordance
with subsection
(c)
above, and reduce the
frequency of sampling to once per year.
B)
SEP allowing reduction to annual for
suppliers maintaining water quality control
parameters.
49
i)
The Agency shall, by a SEP granted
pursuant to Section 611.110, allow any
supplier to reduce the frequency of
monitoring to annual and the number of
lead and copper samples to that
specified by subsection
(c)
above
if it
determines that a supplier has, during
each of two consecutive six—month
monitoring periods, maintained the range
of values for the water quality control
parameters specified pursuant to Section
611.352(f)
as reflecting optimal
corrosion control treatment.
ii)
Any supplier may request a SEP if it
concurrently provides the Agency with
the information necessary to support a
determination under subsection
(d) (4) (B) (i)
above.
iii) The Agency shall set forth the basis for
its determination under subsection
(d) (4) (B) (i)
above.
iv)
The Agency shall,
by a SEP issued
pursuant to Section 611.110, review, and
where appropriate, revise its subsection
(d) (4) (B) (i)
above determination when
the supplier submits new monitoring or
treatment data, or when other data
relevant to the number and frequency of
tap sampling becomes available to the
Agency.
C)
Reduction to triennial for small and medium—
sized system suppliers.
i)
Small and medium-sized system suppliers
meeting lead and copper action levels.
A small or medium—sized system supplier
that meets the lead and copper action
levels during three consecutive years of
monitoring may reduce the frequency of
monitoring for lead and copper from
annually to once every three years.
ii)
SEP for suppliers meeting optimal
corrosion control treatment.
The Agency
shall,
by a SEP granted pursuant to
Section 611.110, allow a supplier to
reduce its monitoring frequency from
annual to triennial if it determines
50
that the supplier, during each of three
consecutive years of monitoring, has
maintained the range of values for the
water quality control parameters
specified as representing optimal
corrosion control treatment pursuant to
Section 611.352(f).
Any supplier may
request a SEP if it concurrently
provides the Agency with the information
necessary to support a determination
under this subsection.
The Agency shall
set forth the basis for its
determination.
The Agency shall, by a
SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110,
review,
and where appropriate, revise
its determination when the supplier
submits new monitoring or treatment
data,
or when other data relevant to the
number and frequency of tap sampling
becomes available to the Agency.
D)
Sampling at a reduced frequency.
A supplier
that reduces the number and frequency of
sampling shall collect these samples from
sites included in the pool of targeted
sampling sites identified in subsection
(a)
above, preferentially selecting those
sampling sites from the highest tier first.
Suppliers sampling annually or less
frequently shall conduct the lead and copper
tap sampling during the months of June,
July,
August, or September.
E)
Resumption of standard monitoring.
i)
Small or medium-sized suppliers
exceeding lead or copper action level.
A small or medium—sized system supplier
subject to reduced monitoring that
exceeds the lead action level or the
copper action level shall resume
sampling in accordance subsection
(d) (3)
above and collect the number of samples
specified for standard monitoring under
subsection
(c)
above.
Such a supplier
shall also conduct water quality
parameter monitoring in accordance with
Section 611.357
(b),
(c), or
(d)
(as
appropriate) during the six-month
monitoring period in which it exceeded
the action level.
51
ii)
Suppliers failing to operate within
water quality control parameters.
Any
supplier subject to reduced monitoring
frequency that fails to operate within
the range of values for the water
quality control parameters specified
pursuant to Section 611.352(f)
shall
resume tap water sampling in accordance
with subsection
(d) (3)
above and collect
the number of samples specified for
standard monitoring under subsection
(c)
above.
e)
Additional monitoring.
The results of any monitoring
conducted in addition to the minimum requirements of
this section shall be considered by the supplier and
the Agency in making any determinations
(i.e.,
calculating the 90th percentile lead action level or
the copper level) under this Subpart.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.86
(19913).
(Source:
Amended at
18 Ill. Reg.
________,
effective
SUBPART L:
MICROBIOLOGICAL MONITORING
AND
ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section 611.532
Unfiltered PWSs
A supplier that uses a surface water source and does not provide
filtration treatment shall begin monitoring December 31,
1990,
unless the Agency has determined, pursuant to Section 611.211,
that filtration is required,
in which case the Agency shall
specify alternative monitoring requirements,
as appropriate,
until filtration is in place.
A supplier that uses
a groundwater
source under the direct influence of surface water and does not
provide filtration treatment shall begin monitoring beginning
December 31,
1990,
or
6 months after the Agency determines,
pursuant to Section 611.212, that the groundwater source is under
the direct influence of surface water, whichever is later, unless
the Agency has determined that filtration is required,
in which
case the Agency shall specify alternative monitoring
requirements,
as appropriate, until filtration is
in place.
a)
Fecal co1ifo~mor total coliform density measurements
as required by Section 611.231(a)
must be performed on
representative source water samples immediately prior
to the first or only point of disinfectant application.
The supplier shall sample for fecal or total coliforms
at the minimum frequency specified in Table B each week
52
the supplier serves water to the public.
Also,
one
fecal or total coliform density measurement must be
made every day the supplier serves water to the public
and the turbidity of the source water exceeds
1 NTU
(these samples count towards the weekly coiiform
sampling requirement) unless the Agency determines that
the supplier,
for logistical reasons outside the
supplier’s control cannot have the sample analyzed
within 30 hours of collection.
b)
Turbidity measurements as required by Section
611.231(b)
must be performed on representative grab
samples of source water immediately prior to the first
or only point of disinfectant application every four
hours
(or more frequently)
that the supplier serves
water to the public.
A supplier may substitute
continuous turbidity monitoring for grab sample
monitoring if it validates the continuous measurement
for accuracy on a regular basis using a protocol
approved by special exception permit.
c)
The total inactivation ratio for each day that the
supplier is in operation must be determined based on
the CT99.9~9values
in Appendix B as appropriate.
The
parameters necessary to determine the total
inactivation ratio must be monitored as follows:
1)
The temperature of the disinfected water must be
measured at least once per day at each RDC
sampling point.
2)
If the supplier uses chlorine, the pH of the
disinfected water must be measured at least once
per day at each chlorine RDC sampling point.
3)
The disinfectant contact time(s)
(“T”) must be
determined for each day during peak hourly flow.
4)
The RDC(s)
(“C”)
of the water before or at the
first customer must be measured each day during
peak hourly flow.
5)
If a supplier uses a disinfectant other than
chlorine, the supplier may monitor by other
methods approved pursuant to Section 611.241(a) (1)
and
(2).
d)
The total inactivation ratio must be calculated as
follows:
53
1)
If the supplier uses only one point of
disinfectant application, the supplier may
determine the total inactivation ratio based on
either of the following two methods:
A)
One inactivation ratio
(Al
=
CTcalc~~/CT99.9~9)
is determined before or at
the first customer during peak hourly flow
and,
if the Al
is greater than 1.0, the 99.9
percent Giardia lamblia inactivation
requirement has been achieved; or
B)
Successive Al values, representing sequential
inactivation ratios, are determined between
the point of disinfectant application and a
point before or at the first customer during
peak hourly flow.
Under this alternative,
the following method must be used to
calculate the total inactivation ratio:
i)
Determine,
for each sequence:
Ai
=
CTcaic~~/CT99.9~9
ii)
Add the Al values together:
B
=
S~M~(Ai)
iii)
If B
is greater than 1.0, the 99.9
percent Giardia lamblia inactivation
requirement has been achieved.
2)
If the supplier uses more than one point of
disinfectant application before or at the first
customer, the supplier shall determine the CT
value of each disinfection sequence immediately
prior to the next point of disinfectant
application during peak hourly flow.
The Ai value
of each sequence and B must be calculated using
the method in subsection
(d) (1) (B)
to determine if
the supplier is in compliance with Section
611. 241.
3)
Although not required, the total percent
inactivation
(P1)
for a supplier with one or more
points of RDC monitoring may be calculated as
follows:
P1
=
100
—
(100/103B)
54
e)
The RDC of the water entering the distribution system
must be monitored continuously, and the lowest value
must be recorded each day, except that if there is a
failure in the continuous monitoring equipment, grab
sampling every
4 hours may be conducted in lieu of
continuous monitoring,
but for no more than 5 working
days following the failure of the equipment,
and
suppliers serving 3,300 or fewer persons may take grab
samples in lieu of providing continuous monitoring on
&n ongoing basis at the frequencies prescribed in Table
C.
If at any time the RDC falls below 0.2 mg/L in a
system using grab sampling in lieu of continuous
monitoring, the supplier shall take a grab sample every
4 hours until the RDC is equal to or greater than 0.2
nig
/
L.
f)
Points of measurement.
1)
The RDC must be measured at least at the same
points in the distribution system and at the same
time as total coliforms are sampled, as specified
in Section 611.521 et seq.,
except that the Agency
shall allow a supplier which uses both a surface
water source or a groundwater source under direct
influence of surface water,
and a groundwater
source to take disinfectant residual samples at
points other than the total coliform sampling
points
if the Agency determines,
by special
exception permit, that such points are more
representative of treated
(disinfected) water
quality within the distribution system.
HPC may
be measured
in lieu of RDC.
2)
If the Agency determines,
pursuant to Section
611.213,
a supplier has no means for having a
sample analyzed for HPC, the requirements of
subsection
(f) (1)
do not apply to that supplier.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.74(b)
(198-9-1),
ao amended at 54
Fed.
flcg.
27526,
June
29,
1989.
(Source:
Amended at 18
Ill. Reg.
________,
effective
___________
SUBPART N:
INORGANIC MONITORING
AND
ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section 611.602
Asbestos Monitoring Frequency
The frequency of monitoring conducted to determine compliance
with the MCL for asbestos in Section 611.301
is as follows:
55
a)
Unless the Agency has determined under subsection
(c)
that the PWS
is not vulnerable, each CWS and NTNCWS
supplier shall monitor for asbestos during the first
compliance period of each compliance cycle, beginning
January
1,
1993.
b)
CWS suppliers may apply to the Agency,
by way of an
application for a SEP under Section 611.110, for a
determination that the CWS is not vulnerable based on
consideration of the criteria listed in subsection
(C)
below.
c)
The Agency shall determine that the CWS is “not
vulnerable”
if the CWS is not vulnerable to
contamination either from asbestos in its source water,
from corrosion of asbestos—cement pipe,
or from both,
based on a consideration of the following factors:
1)
Potential asbestos contamination of the water
source; and
2)
The use of asbestos—cement pipe for finished water
distribution and the corrosive nature of the
water.
d)
A SEP based on a determination that a CWS
is not
vulnerable to asbestos contamination expires at the end
of the compliance cycle for which it was issued.
e)
A supplier of a PWS vulnerable to asbestos
contamination due solely to corrosion of
asbestos—cement pipe shall take one sample at a tap
served by asbestos-cement pipe and under conditions
where asbestos contamination is most likely to occur.
f)
A supplier of a PWS vulnerable to asbestos
contamination due solely to source water shall monitor
in accordance with Section 611.601.
g)
A supplier of a PWS vulnerable to asbestos
contamination due both to its source water supply and
corrosion of asbestos—cement pipe shall take one sample
at
a tap served by asbestos—cement pipe and under
conditions where asbestos contamination is most likely
to occur.
h)
A supplier that exceeds the MCL, as determined in
Section 611.609,
shall monitor quarterly beginning in
the next quarter after the violation occurred.
i)
Reduction of quarterly monitoring.
56
1)
The Agency shall issue a SEP pursuant to Section
611.110 that reduces the monitoring frequency to
that specified by subsection
(a)
if it determines
that the sampling point is reliably and
consistently below the MCL.
2)
The request must,
at a minimum,
include the
following information:
A)
For a GWS:
two quarterly samples.
B)
For an SWS or mixed system:
four quarterly
samples.
3)
In issuing a SEP,
the Agency shall specify the
level of the contaminant upon which the “reliably
and consistently” determination was based.
All
SEPs that allow less frequent monitoring based on
an Agency “reliably and consi~tently”
determination shall include a condition requiring
the supplier to resume quarterly monitoring
pursuant to subsection
(h)
above if
it violates
the MCL specified by Section 611.609.
j)
If the Agency determines that data collected after
January
1,
1990 are generally consistent with the
requirements of this Section,
it may grant a SEP
pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows the
supplier to use those data to satisfy the
requirements of this Section for the compliance
period beginning January
1,
1993.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(b)
(199~1)
(Source:
Amended at 18
Ill. Reg.
________,
effective
__________
Section 611.603
Inorganic Monitoring Frequency
The frequency of monitoring conducted to determine compliance
with the revised MCLs in Section 611.301 for antimony,
barium,
beryllium,
cadmium, chromium,
cyanide,
fluoride, mercury, nickel,
selenium, and thallium is as follows:
a)
Suppliers shall take samples at each sampling point,
beginning in the initial compliance period,
as follows:
1)
For GWSs:
at least one sample every three years;
2)
For SWSs and mixed systems:
at least one sample
each year.
57
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(c) (1)
(1991~1), as amended at 57 Fed.
flcg.
31839
(July
17,
1992).
b)
SEP Application.
The supplier may apply to the Agency
for a SEP that allows reduction from the monitoring
frequencies specified in subsection
(a)
above pursuant
to subsections
(d) through
(f) below and Section
611.110.
BOARD
NOTE:
Drawn from 40
CFR 141.23(c) (2) and
(c) (6)
(1994~1).
c)
SEP Procedures.
The Agency shall review the request
pursuant to the SEP procedures of Section 611.110 based
on consideration of the factors in subsection
(e)
below.
BOARD
NOTE:
Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(c) (6)
(199-11).
d)
Standard for SEP reduction in monitoring.
The Agency
shall grant
a SEP that allows a reduction in the
monitoring frequency if the supplier demonstrates that
all previous analytical results were less than the MCL,
provided the supplier meets the following minimum data
requirements:
1)
For GWS suppliers:
a minimum of three rounds of
monitoring.
2)
For SWS and mixed system suppliers:
annual
monitoring for at least three years.
3)
At least one sample must have been taken since
January
1,
1990.
ii
A supplier that uses a new water source is not
eligible for a SEP until
it completes three rounds
of monitoring from the new source.
BOARD NOTE:
Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(c) (4)
(199-11)
e)
Standard for SEP monitoring conditions.
As a condition
of any SEP,
the Agency shall require that the supplier
take a minimum of one sample during the term of the
SEP.
In determining the appropriate reduced monitoring
frequency, the Agency shall consider:
1)
Reported concentrations from all previous
monitoring;
58
2)
The degree of variation in reported
concentrations; and
3)
Other factors may affect contaminant
concentrations,
such as changes in groundwater
pumping rates,
changes in the CWSs configuration,
the CWS’s operating procedures,
or changes in
stream flows or characteristics.
BOARD NOTE:
Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(c) (3)
and
(c) (5)
(199-11).
f)
SEP Conditions and Revision.
1)
A SEP will expire at the end of the compliance
cycle for which it was issued.
BOARD NOTE:
Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(c) (3)
(199-11).
2)
In issuing a SEP, the Agency shall specify the
level of the contaminant upon which the “reliably
and consistently” determination was based.
A SEP
must provide that the Agency will review and,
where appropriate, revise its determination of the
appropriate monitoring frequency when the supplier
submits new monitoring data or when other data
relevant to the supplier’s appropriate monitoring
frequency become available.
BOARD NOTE:
Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(c) (6)
(199-11).
g)
A supplier that exceeds the MCL for barium,
cadmium,
chromium, fluoride, mercury, or selenium,
as determined
in Section 611.609,
shall monitor quarterly for that
contaminant, beginning in the next quarter after the
violation occurred.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.23 (c) (7)
(1994~3).
h)
Reduction of quarterly monitoring.
1)
The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to Section
611.110 that reduces the monitoring frequency to
that specified by subsection
(a)
above
if it
determines that the sampling point is reliably and
consistently below the MCL.
2)
A request for a SEP must include the following
minimal information:
59
A)
For a GWS:
two quarterly samples.
B)
For an SWS or mixed system:
four quarterly
samples.
3)
In issuing the SEP,
the Agency shall specify the
level of the contaminant upon which the “reliably
and consistently” determination was based.
All’
SEPs that allow less frequent monitoring based on
an Agency “reliably and consistently”
determination shall include a condition requiring
the supplier to resume quarterly monitoring for
any contaminant pursuant to subsection
(g)
above
if it violates the MCL specified by Section
611.609 for that contaminant.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(c) (8)
(199-11)
(Source:
Amended at 18
Ill. Reg.
________,
effective
Section 611.607
More Frequent Monitoring and Confirmation
Sampling
This Section corresponds with 40 CFR 141.23(g),
a federal
provision authorizing the states to require more frequent
monitoring and confirmation sampling with regard to 40 CFR
141.23(b) through
(e)
(corresponding with Sections 611.602
through 611.605).
The Act authorizes the Board to adopt such
requirements.
The Board has not done so at this Section.
This
statement maintains st~u~cturalconsistency with U~S~.EPArules.
(Source:
Amended at 18
111. Reg.
,
effective
__________
Section 611.609
AvcragingDeterminin~Compliance
Compliance with the MCLs of Sections 611.300 or 611.301
(as
appropriate) must be determined based on the analytical result(s)
obtained at each sampling point.
a)
For suppliers that monitor at a frequency greater than
annual, compliance with the MCL5 for antimony,
asbestos, barium,
beryllium, cadmium, chromium,
cyanide,
fluoride,
mercury,
nickel,
selenium, and
thallium is determined by a running annual average at
each sampling point.
1)
If the average at any sampling point is greater
than the MCL, then the supplier is out of
compliance.
60
2)
If any one sample would cause the annual average
to be exceeded, then the supplier is out of
compliance immediately.
3)
Any sample below the method detection limit must
be calculated at zero for the purpose of
determining the annual average.
BOARD NOTE:
The “method detection limit” is
different from the “detection limit”, as set forth
in Section 611.600.
The “method detection limit”
is the level of contaminant that can be determined
by a particular method with a 95 percent degree of
confidence, as determined by the method outlined
in 40 CFR 136, appendix B,
incorporated by
reference at Section 611.102.
b)
For suppliers that monitor annually or less frequently,
compliance with the MCLs for antimony, asbestos,
barium, beryllium,
cadmium, chromium,
cyanide,
fluoride, mercury, nickel,
selenium, and thallium is
determined by the level of the contaminant at any
sampling point.
If a confirmation sample is taken,
the
determination of compliance will be based on the
average of the two samples.
c)
Compliance with the MCLs for nitrate and nitrite
is
determined based on one sample if the levels of these
contaminants are below the MCL5.
If the levels of
nitrate or nitrite exceed the MCL5 in the initial
sample, Section 611.606 requires confirmation sampling,
and compliance
is determined based on the average of
the initial and confirmation samples.
d)
When the portion of the distribution system that is out
of compliance
is separable from other parts of the
distribution system and has no interconnections, the
supplier may give the public notice required by Subpart
T only to persons served by that portion of the
distribution system not in compliance.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(i)
(199-11),
p3
amended at 57
Fed.
flog.
31839
(July 17,
1992).
(Source:
Amended at 18
Ill. Reg.
________,
effective
_________________________________
)
Section 611.612
Monitoring Requirements for Old Inorganic
NCLs
61
a)
Analyses for the purpose of determining compliance with
the old inorganic MCL5 of Section 611.300 are required
as follows:
1)
Analyses for all CWS5 utilizing surface water
sources must be repeated at yearly intervals.
2)
Analyses for all CWSs utilizing only groundwater
sources must be repeated at three—year intervals.
3)
This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR
141.23(1) (3)
(19911), which requires monitoring
for the repealed old MCL for nitrate at a
frequency specified by the state.
The Board has
followed the U.~S~EPAlead and repealed that old
MCL.
This statement maintains structural
consistency with U~S~EPArules.~
4)
This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR
14l.23(l)(4)
(19911), which authorizes the state
to determine compliance and initiate enforcement
action.
This authority exists through the
authorization of the Act, not through federal
rules.
This statement maintains structural
consistency with U~S~EPArules.
b)
If the result of an analysis made under subsection
(a)
above indicates that the level of any contaminant
listed in Section 611.300 exceeds the old MCL, the
supplier shall report to the Agency within 7 days and
initiate three additional analyses at the same sampling
point within one month.
c)
When the average of four analyses made pursuant to
subsection
(b)
above,
rounded to the same number of
significant figures as the old MCL for the substance in
question, exceeds the old MCL, the supplier shall
notify the Agency and give notice to the public
pursuant to Subpart T of this Part.
Monitoring after
public notification must be at a frequency designated
by the Agency by a SEP granted pursuant to Section
611.110 and must continue until the old MCL has not
been exceeded
in two successive samples or until a
different monitoring schedule becomes effective as a
condition to a variance,
an adjusted standard,
a site
specific rule, an enforcement action,
or another SEP
granted pursuant to Section 611.110.
d)
This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.23(o)
(19913), which pertains to monitoring for the repealed
old MCL for nitrate.
The Board has followed the U.S.
62
EPA action and repealed that old MCL.
This statement
maintains structural consistency with U.S. EPA rules.
e)
This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.23(p)
(1992-1), which pertains to the use of existing data up
until a date long since expired.
The Board did not
adopt the original provision in R88-26.
This statement
maintains structural consistency with U.~S.~EPArules.
f)
Analyses conducted to determine compliance with the old
MCL5 of Section 611.300 must be made in accordance with
the following methods,
incorporated by reference in
Section 611.102.
1)
Arsenic:
A)
ASTM:
1)
Method D2972-88A,
or
ii
Method D2972-88B;
B)
Standard Methods:
i)
Method 307A, or
ii)
Method 307B;
C)
USGS Methods,
Method 1-1062-85;
D)
U~S~EPAInorganic Methods:
1)
Method 206.2, or
ii)
Method 206.3; or
E)
ICP Method 200.7,
as supplemented by appendix
200.7A.
2)
Fluoride:
The methods specified in Section
611.611(c)
shall apply for the purposes of this
Section.
3)
Cyanide, until the cyanide MCL of Section 611.300
is no longer effective:
A)
Standard Methods:
Method 4500-CN D,
E,
F,
or
B)
U~S~EPAInorganic Methods:
Methods 335.1,
335.2,
or 335.3; or
63
C)
ASTM Methods D2036-89A or B.
4)
Iron:
A)
Standard Methods:
Method 303A;
B)
U~S.~EPAInorganic Methods:
i)
Method 236.1, or
ii)
Method 236.2; or
C)
ICP Method 200.7, as supplemented by appendix
200. 7A.
5)
Manganese:
A)
ASTM:
Method D858-84;
B)
Standard Methods:
Method 303A;
C)
U.S. EPA Inorganic Methods:
i)
Method 243.1,
or
ii)
Method 243.2; or
D)
IC? Method 200.7, as supplemented by appendix
200. 7A.
6)
Zinc:
A)
Standard Methods:
Method 303A; or
B)
U~S~EPAInorganic Methods:
i)
Method 289.1,
or
ii)
Method 289.2.
BOARD NOTE:
The provisions of
subsections
(a) through
(f) (3)
above
derive from 40 CFR 141.23(1) through
(q)
(19911).
The Board has deleted several
analytical methods codified by U~S.~EPA
at 40 CFR 141.23(q)
(formerly 40 CFR
141.23(f))
because the MCLs of 40 CFR
141.11 expired for those contaminants on
July 30 and November
30,
1992.
Subsection
(f) (2)
above relates to a
contaminant for which U.S~EPAspecifies
a MCL, but for which it repealed the
64
analytical method.
Subsections
(f) (4)
through
(f) (6) above relate exclusively
to additional state requirements.
The
predecessor to subsections
(a) through
(e)
above were formerly codified as
Section 611.601.
The predecessor to
subsection
(f) above was formerly
codified as Section 611.606.
(Source:
Amended at
18
Ill. Reg.
________,
effective
__________
SUBPART 0:
ORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section 611.646
Phase
I, Phase II, and Phase V Volatile
Organic Contaminants
Monitoring of the Phase
I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs for the
purpose of determining compliance with the MCL must be conducted
as follows:
a)
Definitions.
As used in this Section:
“Detect” and “detection” means that the
contaminant of interest is present at a level
greater than or equal to the “detection limit”.
“Detection limit” means 0.0005 mg/L.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f) (7),
(f)(ll),
(f)(14)(i), and
(f)(20)
(19911).
This is
a “trigger level” for Phase
I, Phase II, and Phase
V VOC5 inasmuch as
it prompts further action.
The
use of the term “detect” in this section
is not
intended to include any analytical capability of
quantifying lower levels of any contaminant, or
the “method detection limit”.
Note, however that
certain language at the end of federal paragraph
(f) (20)
is capable of meaning that the “method
detection limit”
is used to derive the “detection
limit”.
The Board has chosen to disregard that
language at the end of paragraph
(f) (20)
in favor
of the more direct language of paragraphs
(f) (7)
and
(f) (11)
.
“Method detection limit”,
as used in subsections
(q) and
(t) below means the minimum concentration
of a substance that can be measured and reported
with 99 percent confidence that the analyte
concentration is greater than zero and
is
65
determined from analysis of a sample in a given
matrix containing the analyte.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 136, Appendix B
(19911).
The method detection limit
is determined
by the procedure set forth in 40 CFR 136, Appendix
B.
See subsection
(t) below.
b)
Required sampling.
Each supplier shall take a minimum
of one sample at each sampling point at the times
required in subsection
(u)
below.
c)
Sampling points.
1)
Sampling points for GWS5.
Unless otherwise
provided by SEP,
a GWS supplier shall take at
least one sample from each of the following
points:
each entry point that is representative
of each well after treatment.
2)
Sampling points for SWSs and mixed systems.
Unless otherwise provided by SEP,
a SWS or mixed
system supplier shall sample from each of the
following points:
A)
Each entry point after treatment;
or
B)
Points in the distribution system that are
representative of each source.
3)
The supplier shall take each sample at the same
sampling point unless the Agency has granted a SEP
that designates another location as more
representative of each source, treatment plant,
or
within the distribution system.
4)
If
a system draws water from more than one source,
and the sources are combined before distribution,
the supplier shall sample at an entry point during
periods of normal operating conditions when water
is representative of all sources being used.
BOARD NOTE:
Subsections
(b) and
(c)
above derived
from 40 CFR 141.24(f) (1) through
(f)(3)
(1992-1).
d)
Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier shall take four
consecutive quarterly samples for each of the Phase
I
VOCs,
excluding vinyl chloride,
and Phase
II VOCs
during each compliance period, beginning in the
compliance period starting in the initial compliance
period.
66
e)
Reduction to annual monitoring frequency.
If the
initial monitoring for the Phase
I,
Phase II, and Phase
V VOCs as allowed in subsection
(r) (1) below has been
completed by December 31,
1992,
and the supplier did
not detect any of the Phase
I VOC5,
including vinyl
chloride, Phase
II, or Phase V VOC5, then the supplier
shall take one sample annually beginning in the initial
compliance period.
f)
GWS reduction to triennial monitoring frequency.
After
a minimum of three years of annual sampling, GWS
suppliers that have not previously detected any of the
Phase
I VOC5,
including vinyl chloride, Phase
II, or
Phase V VOCs shall take one sample during each three-
year compliance period.
g)
A CWS or NTNCWS supplier that has completed the initial
round of monitoring required by subsection
(d)
above
and which did not detect any of the Phase
I VOCs,
including vinyl chloride, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs
may apply to the Agency for
a SEP pursuant to Section
611.110 that releases it from the requirements of
subsection
(e) or
(f)
above.
A supplier that serves
fewer than 3300 service connections may apply to the
Agency for a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that
releases
it from the requirements of subsection
(d)
above as to 1,2,4—trichlorobenzene.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f) (7) and
(f) (10)
(199-2-1), ac amended at 57 Fed.
flog.
31841
(July
17,
1992), and the discussion at 57
Fed.
Reg.
31825
(July 17,
1992).
Provisions concerning the term of the
waiver appear below in subsections
(i)
and
(j)
below.
The definition of “detect”, parenthetically added to
the federal counterpart paragraph is in subsection
(a)
above.
h)
Vulnerability Assessment.
The Agency shall consider
the factors of Section 611.110(e)
in granting a SEP
from the requirements of subsections
(d),
(e), or
(f)
above sought pursuant to subsection
(g)
above.
i)
A SEP issued to a GWS pursuant to subsection
(g)
above
is for a maximum of six years, except that a SEP as to
the subsection
(d)
above monitoring for 1,2,4—tn-
chlorobenzene shall apply only to the initial round of
monitoring.
As a condition of a SEP, except as to a
SEP from the initial round of subsection
(d)
above
monitoring for 1,2,4—trichlorobenzene, the supplier
shall, within
30 months after the beginning of the
period for which the waiver was issued, reconfirm its
vulnerability assessment required by subsection
(h)
67
above and submitted pursuant to subsection
(g)
above,
by taking one sample at each sampling point and
reapplying for a SEP pursuant to subsection
(g) above.
Based on this application,
the Agency shall either:
1)
If
it determines that the PWS meets the standard
of Section 611.610(e),
issue a SEP that reconfirms
the prior SEP for the remaining three-year
compliance period of the six—year maximum term;
or,
2)
Issue a new SEP requiring the supplier to sample
annually.
BOARD NOTE:
This provision does not apply to SWSs
and mixed systems.
j)
Special considerations for SEP5 for SWS and mixed
systems.
1)
The Agency must determine that a SWS
is not
vulnerable before issuing a SEP pursuant to a SWS
supplier.
A SEP issued to a SWS or mixed system
supplier pursuant to subsection
(g)
above is for a
maximum of one compliance period; and
2)
The Agency may require,
as a condition to a SEP
issued to
a SWS or mixed supplier, that the
supplier take such samples for Phase
I,
Phase II,
and Phase V VOC5 at such a frequency as the Agency
determines are necessary,
based on the
vulnerability assessment.
BOARD
NOTE:
There
is
a
great
degree
of
similarity
between 40 CFR 141.24(f)(7), the provision
applicable to GWS5,
and 40 CFR 141.24(f) (10),
the
provision for SWSs.
The Board has consolidated
the common requirements of both paragraphs into
subsection
(g)
above.
Subsection
(j)
above
represents the elements unique to SWSs and mixed
systems, and subsection
(i)
above relates to GWS5.
Although 40 CFR 141.24(f)(7) and
(f)(10) are
silent
as
to
mixed
systems,
the
Board
has
included
mixed systems with SWS5 because this best follows
the federal scheme for all other contaminants.
k)
If one of the Phase
I VOCs, excluding vinyl chloride,
Phase
II, or Phase V VOCs is detected in any sample,
then:
68
1)
The supplier shall monitor quarterly for that
contaminant at each sampling point that resulted
in a detection.
2)
Annual monitoring.
A)
The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to
Section 611.110 that allows a supplier to
reduce the monitoring frequency to annual at
a sampling point if it determines that the
sampling point is reliably and consistently
below the MCL.
B)
A request for a SEP must include the
following minimal information:
i)
For a GWS, two quarterly samples.
ii)
For a SWS or mixed system,
four
quarterly samples.
C)
In issuing a SEP, the Agency shall specify
the level
of the contaminant upon which the
“reliably and consistently” determination was
based.
All SEPs that allow less frequent
monitoring based on an Agency “reliably and
consistently” determination shall include a
condition requiring the supplier to resume
quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection
(k) (1)
above if
it violates the MCL specified
by Section 611.311.
3)
Suppliers that monitor annually shall monitor
during the quarter(s)
that previously yielded the
highest analytical result.
4)
Suppliers that do not detect
a contaminant at a
sampling point
in three consecutive annual samples
may apply to the Agency for a SEP pursuant to
Section 611.110 that allows it to discontinue
monitoring for that contaminant at that point,
as
specified in subsection
(g)
above.
-
5)
A GWS supplier that has detected one or more of
the two—carbon contaminants listed in subsection
(k) (5) (A)
below shall monitor quarterly for vinyl
chloride as described in subsection
(k) (5) (B)
below,
subject
to
the
limitation
of
subsection
(k) (5) (C)
below.
A)
Two-carbon
contaminants
(Phase
I
or
II
VOC):
69
1,2-Dichloroethane
(Phase
I)
1,1-Dichloroethylene (Phase I)
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
(Phase II)
trans-i,2-Dichloroethylene (Phase II)
Tetrachloroethylene (Phase II)
1,1,1-Trichloroethylene
(Phase
I)
Trichloroethylene (Phase
I)
B)
The supplier shall sample quarterly for vinyl
chloride at each sampling point at which it
detected one or more of the two—carbon
contaminants listed in subsection
(k) (5) (A)
above.
C)
The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to
Section 611.110 that allows the supplier to
reduce the monitoring frequency for vinyl
chloride at any sampling point to once in
each three-year compliance period if it
determines that the supplier has not detected
vinyl chloride
in first sample required by
subsection
(k) (5) (B) above.
1)
Quarterly monitoring following MCL violations.
1)
Suppliers that violate an MCL for one of the Phase
I VOC5,
including vinyl chloride, Phase II, or
Phase V VOCs,
as determined by subsection
(0)
below,
shall monitor quarterly for that
contaminant,
at the sampling point where the
violation occurred, beginning the next quarter
after the violation.
2)
Annual monitoring.
A)
The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to
Section 611.110 that allows a supplier to
reduce the monitoring frequency to annually
if it determines that the sampling point is
reliably and consistently below the MCL.
B)
A request for a SEP must include the
following minimal information:
four
quarterly samples.
C)
In issuing a SEP,
the Agency shall specify
the level of the contaminant upon which the
“reliably and consistently” determination was
based.
All SEPs that allow less frequent
monitoring based on an Agency “reliably and
consistently” determination shall include a
condition requiring the supplier to resume
70
quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection
(1) (1)
above
if it violates the MCL specified
by Section 611.311.
D)
The supplier shall monitor during the
quarter(s)
that previously yielded the
highest analytical result.
m)
Confirmation samples.
The Agency may issue a SEP
pursuant to Section 610.110 to require a supplier to
use a confirmation sample for results that it finds
dubious for whatever reason.
The Agency must state its
reasons for issuing the SEP if the SEP
is Agency—
initiated.
1)
If a supplier detects any of the Phase
I, Phase
II, or Phase V VOC5 in a sample, the supplier
shall take a confirmation sample as soon as
possible,
but no later than 14 days after the
supplier receives notice of the detection.
2)
Averaging is as specified in subsection
(0)
below.
3)
The Agency shall delete the original or
confirmation sample if it determines that a
sampling error occurred,
in which case the
confirmation sample will replace the original or
confirmation sample.
n)
This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(f) (14),
an optional USEPA provision relating to compositing of
samples that USEPA does not require for state programs.
This statement maintains structural consistency with
USEPA rules.
o)
Compliance with the MCL5 for the Phase
I, Phase II, and
Phase V VOC5 must be determined based on the analytical
results obtained at each sampling point.
1)
For suppliers that conduct monitoring at a
frequency greater than annual, compliance is
determined by a running annual average of all
samples taken at each sampling point.
A)
If the annual average of any sampling point
is greater than the MCL, then the supplier is
out of compliance.
B)
If the initial sample or a subsequent sample
would cause the annual average to exceed the
MCL, then the supplier
is out of compliance
immediately.
71
C)
Any samples below the detection limit shall
be deemed as zero for purposes of determining
the annual average.
2)
If monitoring is conducted annually,
or less
frequently,
the supplier is out of compliance if
the level of a contaminant at any sampling point
is greater than the MCL.
If
a confirmation sample
is taken, the determination of compliance is based
on the average of two samples.
3)
PWhen the portion of the distribution sYstem that
is out of compliance
is separable from other parts
of the distribution system and has no
interconnections, the supplier may issue the
public notice for a 3upplicr out of compliance i3
govcrncdreguired by Subpart T of this Part only to
persons served by that portion of the distribution
system that is not in compliance.
p)
Analyses for the Phase
I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs
must be conducted using the following methods.
These
methods are contained in USEPA Organic Methods,
incorporated by reference in Section 611.102:
1)
Method 502.1:
“Volatile Halogenated Organic
Chemicals in Water by Purge and Trap Gas
Chromatography”.
2)
Method 502.2:
“Volatile Organic Compounds in
Water by Purge and Trap Capillary Column Gas
Chromatography with Photoionization and
Electrolytic Conductivity Detectors in Series”.
3)
Method 503.1:
“Volatile Aromatic and Unsaturated
Organic Compounds in Water by Purge and Trap Gas
Chromatography”.
4)
Method 524.1:
“Measurement of Purgeable Organic
Compounds in Water by Purged Column Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry”.
5)
Method 524.2:
“Measurement of Purgeable Organic
Compounds in Water by Capillary Column Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry”.
q)
Analysis under this Section must only be conducted by
laboratories that have received approval by USEPA or
the Agency according to the following conditions:
1)
To receive conditional approval to conduct
analyses for the Phase
I VOCs,
excluding vinyl
72
chloride, Phase II VOC5,
and Phase V VOC5, the
laboratory must:
A)
Analyze performance evaluation samples that
include these substances provided by the
Agency pursuant to 35 Ill.
Adrn.
Code
183.125(c);
B)
Achieve the quantitative acceptance limits
under subsections
(q) (1) (C) and
(q) (1) (D)
below for at least 80 percent of the Phase
I
VOCs,
excluding vinyl chloride, Phase II
VOC5,
except vinyl chloride, or Phase V VOC5;
C)
Achieve quantitative results on the analyses
performed under subsection
(q) (1) (A)
above
that are within ±20 percent of the actual
amount of the substances
in the performance
evaluation sample when the actual amount is
greater than or equal to 0.010 mg/L;
D)
Achieve quantitative results on the analyses
performed under subsection
(q) (1) (A)
above
that are within ±40 percent of the actual
amount of the substances in the performance
evaluation sample when the actual amount is
less than 0.010 mg/L; and
E)
Achieve a method detection limit of 0.0005
mg/L,
according to the procedures in 40 CFR
136, appendix B, incorporated by reference in
Section 611.102.
2)
To receive conditional approval to conduct
analyses for vinyl chloride the laboratory must:
A)
Analyze performance evaluation samples
provided by the Agency pursuant to 35 Ill.
Adm.
Code 183.125(c);
B)
Achieve quantitative results on the analyses
performed under subsection
(q) (2) (A)
above
that are within ±40 percent of the actual
amount of vinyl chloride in the performance
evaluation sample;
C)
Achieve a method detection limit of 0.0005
mg/L,
according to the procedures in 40 CFR
136, appendix B, incorporated by reference in
Section 611.102; and
73
D)
Obtain certification pursuant to subsection
(q) (1)
above for Phase
I VOCs,
excluding
vinyl chloride, Phase II VOC5,
and Phase V
VOCs.
r)
Use of existing data.
1)
The Agency shall allow the use of data collected
after January
1,
1988 but prior to the effective
date of this Section, pursuant to Agency sample
request letters,
if
it determines that the data
are generally consistent with the requirements of
this Section.
2)
The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to Section
611.110 that allows a supplier to monitor annually
beginning in the initial compliance period if
it
determines that the supplier did not detect any
Phase
I, Phase II, or Phase V VOC using existing
data allowed pursuant to subsection
(r) (1)
above.
s)
The Agency shall,
by SEP, increase the number of
sampling points or the frequency of monitoring if it
determines that
it
is necessary to detect variations
within the PWS.
t)
Each laboratory approved for the analysis of Phase
I,
Phase II,
or Phase V VOCs pursuant to subsection
(q) (1)
or
(q) (2)
above shall:
1)
Determine the method detection limit
(MDL), as
defined in 40 CFR 136, Appendix B,
incorporated by
reference in Section 611.102,
at which it is
capable of detecting the Phase
I,
Phase II, and
Phase V VOC5;
and,
2)
Achieve an MDL for each Phase
I, Phase
II, and
Phase V Voc that is less than or equal to 0.0005
mg/L.
u)
Each supplier shall monitor, within each compliance
period, at the time designated by the Agency by SEP
pursuant to Section 611.110.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived
from
40
CFR
141.24(f)
(19911),
a~
amended at 57
Fed.
flog.
31841
(July
17,
1992).
(Source:
Amended at
18 Ill. Reg
effective
Section
611.648
Phase
II,
Phase
IIB,
and
Phase
V
Synthetic
Organic
Contaminants
74
Analysis of the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs for the
purposes of determining compliance with the MCL must be conducted
as follows:
a)
Definitions.
As used in this Section:
“Detect or detection” means that the contaminant
of interest
is present at a level greater than or
equal to the “detection limit”.
“Detection limit” means the level of the
contaminant of interest that is specified in
subsection
(r) below.
BOARD
NOTE:
This
is
a
“trigger
level”
for
Phase
II, Phase IIB,
and Phase V SOCs inasmuch as
it
prompts further action.
The use of the term
“detect” or “detection”
in this section is not
intended to include any analytical capability of
quantifying lower levels
of any contaminant,
or
the “method detection limit”.
b)
Required sampling.
Each supplier shall take a minimum
of
one
sample
at
each
sampling
point
at
the
times
required in subsection
(q)
below.
BOARD
NOTE:
USEPA
stayed
the
effective
date
of
the
MCLs for aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone,
and aldicarb
sulfoxide
at
57
Fed.
Reg.
22178
(May
27,
1991).
Section 611.311(c)
includes this stay.
However,
despite the stay of the effectiveness of the MCLs for
these three SOCs, suppliers must monitor for them.
c)
Sampling points.
1)
Sampling points for GWS5.
Unless otherwise
provided by SEP,
a GWS supplier shall take at
least one sample from each of the following
points:
each entry point that is representative
of each well after treatment.
2)
Sampling
points
for
SWS5
and
mixed
systems.
Unless otherwise provided by SEP,
a SWS or mixed
system supplier shall sample from each of the
following
points:
A)
Each entry point after treatment; or
B)
Points
in the distribution system that are
representative
of
each
source.
75
3)
The supplier shall take each sample at the same
sampling point unless the Agency has granted a SEP
that designates another location as more
representative of each source, treatment plant, or
within the distribution system.
4)
If a system draws water from more than one source,
and the sources are combined before distribution,
the supplier shall sample at an entry point during
periods of normal operating conditions when water
is representative of all sources being used.
BOARD
NOTE:
Subsections
(b)
and
(c)
above
derived
from 40 CFR 141.24(h) (1) through
(h) (3)
(1992-1)
d)
Monitoring frequency:
1)
Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier shall take four
consecutive quarterly samples for each of the
Phase
II, Phase lID, and Phase V SOCs during each
compliance period, beginning in the three—year
compliance period starting in the initial
compliance period.
2)
Suppliers serving more than 3,300 persons that do
not detect a contaminant
in the initial compliance
period,
shall take a minimum of two quarterly
samples in one year of each subsequent three—year
compliance period.
3)
Suppliers
serving
less
than
or
equal
to
3,300
persons that do not detect a contaminant in the
initial compliance period,
shall take a minimum of
one sample during each subsequent three—year
compliance period.
e)
Reduction to annual monitoring frequency.
A CWS or
NTNCWS supplier may apply to the Agency for a SEP that
releases it from the requirements of subsection
(d)
above.
A SEP from the requirement of subsection
(d)
above shall last for only a single three—year
compliance period.
f)
Vulnerability Assessment.
The Agency shall grant a SEP
from the requirements of subsection
(d)
above based on
consideration of the factors set forth at Section
611.110(e).
g)
If one of the Phase
II, Phase
IIB,
or Phase V SOCs
is
detected in any sample,
then:
76
1)
The supplier shall monitor quarterly for the
contaminant at each sampling point that resulted
in a detection.
2)
Annual monitoring.
A)
A supplier may request that the Agency grant
a SEP pursuant to Section 610.110 that
reduces the monitoring frequency to annual.
B)
A request for a SEP must include the
following minimal information:
i)
For a GWS, two quarterly samples.
ii)
For a SWS or mixed system,
four
quarterly samples.
C)
The Agency shall grant a SEP that allows
annual monitoring at a sampling point if it
determines that the sampling point is
reliably and consistently below the MCL.
D)
In issuing the SEP,
the Agency shall specify
the level of the contaminant upon which the
“reliably and consistently” determination was
based
All SEPs that allow less frequent
monitoring based on an Agency “reliably and
consistently” determination shall include a
condition requiring the supplier to resume
quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection
(g) (1)
above if it detects any Phase II SOC.
3)
Suppliers that monitor annually shall monitor
during the quarter(s) that previously yielded the
highest analytical result.
4)
Suppliers that have three consecutive annual
samples with no detection of a contaminant at a
sampling point may apply to the Agency for a SEP
with respect to that point,
as specified in
subsections
(e) and
(f)
above.
5)
Monitoring for related contaminants.
A)
If monitoring results
in detection of one or
more of the related contaminants listed in
subsection
(g) (5) (B)
below, subsequent
monitoring shall analyze for all the related
compounds in the respective group.
B)
Related contaminants:
77
i)
first group:
aldicarb
aldicarb suifone
aldicarb sulfoxide
ii)
second group:
heptachlor
heptachlor epoxide,
h)
Quarterly monitoring following MCL violations.
1)
Suppliers that violate an MCL for one of the Phase
II, Phase IIB,
or Phase V SOCs, as determined by
subsection
(k)
below,
shall monitor quarterly for
that contaminant at the sampling point where the
violation occurred, beginning the next quarter
after the violation.
2)
Annual monitoring.
A)
A supplier may request that the Agency grant
a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that
reduces the monitoring frequency to annual.
B)
A request for a SEP must include,
at a
minimum, the results from four quarterly
samples.
C)
The Agency shall grant a SEP that allows
annual monitoring at a sampling point if it
determines that the sampling point is
reliably and consistently below the MCL.
D)
In issuing the SEP, the Agency shall specify
the level of the contaminant upon which the
“reliably and consistently” determination was
based
All SEP5 that allow less frequent
monitoring based on an Agency “reliably and
consistently” determination shall include a
condition requiring the supplier to resume
quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection
(h) (1)
above
if it detects any Phase
II SOC.
E)
The supplier shall monitor during the
quarter(s)
that previously yielded the
highest analytical result.
i)
Confirmation samples.
78
1)
If any of the Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase V SOC5
are detected in a sample, the supplier shall take
a confirmation sample as soon as possible, but no
later than 14 days after the supplier receives
notice of the detection.
2)
Averaging is as specified in subsection
(k) below.
3)
The Agency shall delete the original or
confirmation sample if it determines that a
sampling error occurred,
in which case the
confirmation sample will replace the original or
confirmation sample.
j)
This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(h) (10),
an optional USEPA provision relating to compositing of
samples that USEPA does not require for state programs.
This statement maintains structural consistency with
USEPA rules.
k)
Compliance with the MCL5 for the Phase II, Phase
IIB,
and Phase V SOCs shall be determined based on the
analytical results obtained at each sampling point.
1)
For suppliers that are conducting monitoring at a
frequency greater than annual, compliance is
determined by a running annual average of all
samples taken at each sampling point.
A)
If the annual average of any sampling point
is greater than the MCL, then the supplier is
out of compliance.
B)
If the initial sample or a subsequent sample
would cause the annual average to be
exceeded, then the supplier is out of
compliance immediately.
C)
Any samples below the detection limit must be
calculated as zero for purposes of
determining the annual average.
2)
If monitoring is conducted annually or less
frequently,
the supplier is out of compliance if
the level of a contaminant at any sampling point
is greater than the NCL.
If
a confirmation sample
is taken, the determination of compliance is based
on the average of two samples.
3)
PWhen the portion of the distribution system
that
is out of compliance is separable from other
Parts
of the distribution system and has no
79
interconnections, the supplier may issue the
public notice for a Gupplicr out of conipliancc—i-e
govcrncdreguired by Subpart T of this Part only to
persons served by that portion of the distribution
system that is not in compliance.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(h) (11)
(1992-1)
1)
Analysis for Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs must
be conducted using the following methods.
These
methods, except for USEPA Dioxin and Furan Method 1613,
are contained in USEPA Organic Methods.
All methods
are incorporated by reference in Section 611.102.
1)
Method 504:
“l,2-Dibromoethane
(EDB)
and
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
(DBCP)
in Water by
Microextraction and Gas Chromatography”.
Method
504 can be used to measure 1,2-Dibromo—3—chloro—
propane (dibromochloropropane or DBCP)
and
1,2-Dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide or EDB).
2)
Method 505:
“Analysis of Organohalide Pesticides
and Commercial Polychlorinated Biphenyl Products
(Aroclors)
in Water by Nicroextraction and Gas
Chromatography”.
Method 505 can be used to
measure alachlor, atrazine, chlordane,
DDT,
dieldrin,
endrin,
heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide,
hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene,
lindarie, methoxychlor, simazine, and toxaphene.
Method 505 can be used as a screen for PCB5.
3)
Method 507:
“Determination of Nitrogen- and
Phosphorus-Containing Pesticides in Ground Water
by Gas Chromatography with a Nitrogen-Phosphorus
Detector”.
Method 507 can be used to measure
alachlor, atrazine, and simazine.
4)
Method 508:
“Determination of Chlorinated
Pesticides in Water by Gas Chromatography with an
Electron Capture Detector”.
Method 508 can be
used to measure chlordane,
DDT, dieldrin,
endrin,
heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, hexachlorobenzene,
lindarie, methoxychlor, and toxaphene.
Method 508
can be used as a screen for PCB5.
5)
Method 508A:
“Screening for Polychlorinated
Biphenyls by Perchlorination and Gas
Chromatography”.
Method 508A is used to
quantitate PCBs as decachlorobiphenyl if detected
in Methods 505 or 508.
80
6)
Method 515.1,
revision 5.0
(May,
1991):
“Deter-
mination of Chlorinated Acids
in Water by Gas
Chromatography with an Electron Capture Detector”.
Method 515.1 can be used to measure 2,4-D,
dalapon, dinoseb,
pentachiorophenol,
picloram, and
2,4,5—TP (Silvex).
7)
Method 525.1, revision 3.0
(May,
1991):
“Deter-
mination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water by
Liquid-Solid Extraction and Capillary Column Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry”.
Method 525 can
be used to measure alachlor, atrazine,
chlordane,
di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)-
phthalate, endrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide,
hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene,
lindane, methoxychior,
and pentachlorophenol
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons,
simazine, and
toxaphene.
8)
Method 531.1:
“Measurement of N-Methyl
Carbamoyloximes and N—Methyl Carbamates in Water
by Direct Aqueous Injection HPLC with Post-Column
Derivatization”.
Method 531.1 can be used to
measure aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide, aldicarb
sulfone, and carbofuran,
and oxamyl.
9)
USEPA Dioxin and Furan Method 1613:
“Tetra-
through Octa- Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans by
Isotope Dilution”.
Method 1613 can be used to
measure 2,3,7,8-TCDD
(dioxin).
10)
Method 547:
“Analysis of Glyphosate
in Drinking
Water by Direct Aqueous Injection HPLC with Post—
Column Derivitization”,
available from USEPA-OST.
Method 547 can be used to measure glyphosate.
11)
Method 548:
“Determination of Endothall in
Aqueous Samples”.
Method 548 can be used to
measure endothall.
12)
Method 549:
“Determination of Diquat and Paraquat
in Drinking Water by High Performance Liquid
Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection”.
Method 549 can be used to measure diquat.
13)
Method 550:
“Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydorcarbons in Drinking Water by Liquid-Liquid
Extraction and HPLC with Coupled Ultraviolet and
Fluorescence Detection”.
Method 550 can be used
to measure benzo(a)pyrene and other polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons.
81
14)
Method 550.1:
“Determination of Polycyclic
Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Drinking Water by Liquid-
Solid Extraction and HPLC with Coupled Ultraviolet
and Fluorescence Detection”.
Method 550 can be
used to measure benzo(a)pyrene and other
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
m)
Analysis for PCBs must be conducted as follows:
1)
Each supplier that monitors for PCBs shall analyze
each sample using either USEPA Organic Methods,
Method 505 or Method 508.
2)
If PCB5 are detected in any sample analyzed using
USEPA Organic Methods, Methods 505 or 508, the
supplier shall reanalyze the sample using Method
508A to quantitate the individual Aroclors
(as
decachlorobiphenyl).
3)
Compliance with the PCB MCL must be determined
based upon the quantitative results of analyses
using USEPA Organic Methods, Method 508A.
n)
Use of existing data.
1)
The Agency shall allow the use of data collected
after January
1,
1990 but prior to the effective
date of this Section, pursuant to Agency sample
request letters,
if
it determines that the data
are generally consistent with the requirements of
this Section.
2)
The Agency shall grant
a SEP pursuant to Section
611.110 that allows a supplier to monitor annually
beginning in the initial compliance period if it
determines that the supplier did not detect any
Phase
I VOC or Phase II VOC using existing data
allowed pursuant to subsection
(n) (1)
above.
o)
The Agency shall issue a SEP that increases the number
of sampling points or the frequency of monitoring if
it
determines that this
is necessary to detect variations
within the PWS due to such factors as fluctuations in
contaminant concentration due to seasonal use or
changes in the water source.
BOARD
NOTE:
At 40 CFR 141.24(h) (15), USEPA uses the
stated factors as non—limiting examples of
circumstances that make additional monitoring
necessary.
82
p)
This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(h) (16),
a USEPA provision that the Board has not adopted
because it reserves enforcement authority to the state
and would serve no useful function as part of the
state’s rules.
This statement maintains structural
consistency with USEPA rules.
q)
Each supplier shall monitor, within each compliance
period, at the time designated by the Agency by SEP
pursuant to Section 611.110.
r)
“Detection” means greater than or equal to the
following concentrations for each contaminant:
1)
for PCB5 (Aroclors):
Aroclor
Detection Limit
(mg/L)
1016
1221
1232
1242
1248
1254
1260
2)
for other Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOC5:
Contaminant
Alachlor
Aldicarb
Aldicarb sulfoxide
Aldicarb sulfone
Atrazine
Benzo (a)pyrene
Carbofuran
Chlordane
2, 4—D
Dalapon
Dibromochloropropane
(DBCP)
Di (2-ethylhexyl)adipate
Di (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Dinoseb
Diquat
Endothall
Endrin
Ethylene dibromide
(EDB)
Glyphosate
Heptachlor
Heptachior epoxide
Hexachlorobenzene
Detection Limit
(mg
/
L)
0.0002
0.0005
0.0005
0.0008
0.0001
0.00002
0.0009
0.0002
0.0001
0.001
0. 00002
0. 0006
0.0006
0. 0002
0. 0004
0. 009
0. 00001
0.00001
0. 006
0. 00004
0.00002
0.0001
0.00008
0.02
0. 0005
0.0003
0.0001
0. 0001
0. 0002
83
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
0.0001
Lindane
0.00002
Methoxychlor
0.0001
Oxamyl
0.002
Picloram
0.0001
Polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCB5)
(as decachlorobiphenyl)
0.0001
Pentachlorophenol
0.00004
Simazine
0.00007
Toxaphene
0.001
2,3,7,8—TCDD (dioxin)
0.000000005
2,4,5—TP
(Silvex)
0.0002
s)
Laboratory Certification.
1)
Analyses under this Section must only be conducted
by laboratories that have received approval by
USEPA or the Agency according to the following
conditions.
2)
To receive certification to conduct analyses for
the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOC5 the
laboratory must:
A)
Analyze performance evaluation samples
provided by the Agency pursuant to 35 Ill.
Adm. Code 183.125(c)
that include these
substances; and
B)
Achieve quantitative results on the analyses
performed under subsection
(s) (2) (A)
above
that are within the acceptance limits set
forth in subsection
(s) (2) (C)
above.
C)
Acceptance limits:
SOC
Acceptance Limits
Alachlor
±45
Aldicarb
2 standard deviations
Aldicarb sulfone
2 standard deviations
Aldicarb sulfoxide
2 standard deviations
Atrazine
±45
Benzo(a)pyrene
2 standard deviations
Carbofuran
±45
Chlordane
±45
Dalapon
2 standard deviations
Di (2-ethyihexyl)adipate
2 standard deviations
Di (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
2 standard deviations
Dinoseb
2 standard deviations
84
--Diquat
2 standard deviations
Endothall
2 standard deviations
Endrin
±30
Glyphosate
2 standard deviations
Dibromochloropropane
(DBCP)
±40
Ethylene dibromide (EDB)
±40
Heptachlor
±45
Heptachlor epoxide
±45
Hexachlorobenzene
2 standard deviations
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
2 standard deviations
Lindane
±45
Methoxychlor
±45
Oxamyl
2 standard deviations
PCBs
(as Decachiorobiphenyl)
0-200
Pentachiorophenol
±50
Picloram
2 standard deviations
Simazine
2 standard deviations
Toxaphene
±45
2,4—D
±50
2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin)
2 standard deviations
2,4,5—TP
(Silvex)
±50
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(h)
(1992-1), a~amended at 57
Fed. Rcg.
31342
(July
17, 1992)
(Source:
Amended at
18 Ill.
Reg.
effective
SUBPART P:
THM MONITORING
AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section 611.685
Analytical Methods
Sampling and analyses made pursuant to this Subpart must be
conducted by one of the following methods,
incorporated by
reference in Section 611.102:
a)
“The Analysis of Trihalomethanes in Drinking Waters by
the Purge and Trap Method,” U.S. EPA Organic Methods,
Method 501.1.
b)
“The Analysis of Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water by
Liquid/Liquid Extraction,” U.S. EPA Organic Methods,
Method 501.2.
~j
“Volatile Organic Compounds in Water by Purge and T~p
Capillary Gas Chromatography with Photcionization and
Electrolytic Conductivity Detector in Series”,
U.S. EPA
Organic Methods
(July 1991 revision), Method 502.2.
85
~j
“Volatile Organic Chemicals
in Water by Purge and TraP
Capillary Gas Chromatography/Mass S~ectrometry”,U.S.
EPA Organic Methods
(July 1991 revision), Method 524.2.
~j
For the methods cited in subsections
(a) and
(b)
above,
see 40 CFR 141. subpart C,
appendix
C.
incorporated by
reference in Section 611.102.
Samples for
TTHM
must be
dechlorinated upon collection to prevent further
production of Trihalomethanes,
according to the
procedures described in the above two methods.
Samples
for maximum
TTHM
potential must not be dechlorinated,
and must be held for seven days at 25 dcgrcc3~C
(or
above) prior to analysis, according to the procedures
described in the above two methods.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.30(e)
(198-91).
(Source:
Amended at 18
Ill.
Reg.
________,
effective
SUBPART T:
REPORTING,
PUBLIC NOTIFICATION AND RECORDKEEPING
Section 611.351
Reporting NCL and other Violations
A supplier that fails to comply with an applicable MCL or
treatment technique established by this Part or which fails to
comply with the requirements of any schedule prescribed pursuant
to a variance or adjusted standard shall notify persons served by
the PWS as follows:
a)
Except as provided in subsection
(c), the supplier
shall give notice:
1)
By publication in a daily newspaper of general
circulation in the area served by the PWS as soon
as possible, but
in no case later than 14 days
after the violation or failure.
If the area
served by a PWS
is not served by a daily newspaper
of general circulation, notice must instead be
given by publication in a weekly newspaper of
general circulation serving the area; and
2)
By mail delivery
(by direct mail or with the water
bill),
or by hand delivery, not later than 45 days
after the violation or failure.
This is not
required if the Agency determines by SEP that the
supplier in violation has corrected the violation
or failure within the 45-day period; and
3)
For violations of the NCLs of contaminants that
pose an acute risk to human health, by furnishing
86
a copy of the notice to the radio and television
stations serving the area served by the PWS as
soon as possible but in no case later than 72
hours after the violation.
The following
violations are acute violations:
A)
Any violations posing an acute risk to human
health, as specified in this Part or as
determined by the Agency on a case—by—case
basis.
B)
Violation of the MCL for nitrate or nitrite
in Section 611.301.
C)
Violation of the MCL for total coliforms,
when fecal coliforms or E. coli are present
in the water distribution system,
as
specified in Section 611.325(b).
D)
Occurrence of a waterborne disease outbreak.
b)
Except as provided in subsection
(c),
following the
initial notice given under subsection
(a), the supplier
shall give notice at least once every three months by
mail delivery (by direct mail or with the water bill)
or by hand delivery,
for as long as the violation or
failure exists.
c)
Alternative methods of notice.
1)
In lieu of the requirements of subsections
(a)
and
(b), a CWS supplier in an area that is not served
by a daily or weekly newspaper of general
circulation shall give notice by hand delivery or
by continuous posting in conspicuous places within
the area served by the CWS.
Notice by hand
delivery or posting must begin as soon as
possible, but no later than 72 hours after the
violation or failure for acute violations
(as
defined in subsection
(a)(3))
or
14 days after the
violation or failure (for any other violation).
Posting must continue for as long as the violation
or failure exists.
Notice by hand delivery must
be repeated at least every three months for as
long as the violation or failure exists.
2)
In lieu of the requirements of subsections
(a) and
(b), a non-CWS supplier may give notice by hand
delivery or by continuous posting in conspicuous
places within the area served by the non-CWS.
Notice by hand delivery or posting must begin as
soon as possible, but no later than 72 hours after
87
the violation or failure for acute violations
(as
defined in subsection
(a)(3)),
or 14 days after
the violation or failure (for any other
violation).
Posting must continue for as long as
the violation or failure exists.
Notice by hand
delivery must be repeated at least every three
months for as long as the violation or failure
exists.
~I
Where allowed, pursuant to Section 611.609(d),
611.646(o) (3).
611.647(i). or 611.648(k) (3)
because it has a separable system,
a supplier may
issue public notice only to persons on that
portion of its system that its out of compliance.
BOARD
NOTE:
~Generallv derived from 40 CFR
141.32(a)
(199-11).
Subsection
(c)(3)
derived from
40 CFR 141.23(i) (4)
& 141.24(f) (15) (iii).
(ci) (9)
&
(h) (11) (iii)
(1993)
(Source:
Amended at 18
Ill. Reg.
________,
effective
Section 611.856
Fluoride Notice
Notice of violations of the MCL for fluoride, notices of
variances and adjusted standards from the MCL for fluoride and
notices of failure to comply with variance and adjusted standard
schedules for the MCL for fluoride must consist of the public
notice prescribed ~jiAppendix A plus a description of any steps
which the supplier
is taking to come into compliance.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(f) and
(g)
(198-91).
(Source:
Amended at
18
Ill. Reg.
________,
effective
___________
Section 611.Appendix A
Mandatory Health Effects Information
1)
Trichloroethylene.
The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water
standards and has determined that trichloroethylene is
a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This
chemical
is a common metal cleaning and dry cleaning
fluid.
It generally gets into drinking water by
improper waste disposal.
This chemical has been shown
to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and
mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over
their lifetimes.
Chemicals that cause cancer in
laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer
in humans who are exposed at lower levels over long
88
periods of time.
U.~S~EPAhas set forth the
enforceable drinking water standard for
trichloroethylene at 0.005 parts per million
(ppm) to
reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health
effects which have been observed in laboratory animals.
Drinking water which meets this standard is associated
with little to none of this risk and should be
considered safe.
2)
Carbon tetrachloride.
The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water
standards and has determined that carbon tetrachloride
is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This chemical was once a popular household cleaning
fluid.
It generally gets into drinking water by
improper waste disposal.
This chemical has been shown
to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and
mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over
their lifetimes.
Chemicals that cause cancer in
laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer
in humans who are exposed at lower levels over long
periods of time.
U~S~EPAhas set the enforceable
drinking water standard for carbon tetrachloride at
0.005 parts per million
(ppm) to reduce the risk of
cancer or other adverse health effects which have been
observed
in laboratory animals.
Drinking water which
meets this standard is associated with little to none
of this risk and should be considered safe.
3)
1,2-Dichloroethane.
The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water
standards and has determined that 1,2—dichloroethane is
a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This
chemical
is used as a cleaning fluid for fats,
oils,
waxes and resins.
It generally gets into drinking
water by improper waste disposal.
This chemical has
been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such
as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high
levels over their lifetimes.
Chemicals that cause
cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk
of cancer in humans who are exposed at lower levels
over long periods of time.
U.~S~EPAhas set the
enforceable drinking water standard for 1,2-
dichloroethane at 0.005 parts per million
(ppm)
to
reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health
effects which have been observed in laboratory animals.
Drinking water which meets this standard is associated
with little to none of this risk and should be
considered safe.
4)
Vinyl chloride.
The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water
89
standards and has determined that vinyl chloride is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This
chemical is used in industry and is found in drinking
water as a result of the breakdown of related-solvents.
The solvents are used as cleaners and degreasers of
metals and generally get into drinking water by
improper waste disposal.
This chemical has been
associated with significantly increased risks of cancer
among certain industrial workers who were exposed to
relatively large amounts of this chemical during their
working careers.
This chemical has also been shown to
cause cancer in laboratory animals when the animals are
exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.
Chemicals
that cause increased risk of cancer among exposed
industrial workers and in laboratory animals also may
increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed
at lower levels over long periods of time.
U~S.~EPA
has set the enforceable drinking water standard for
vinyl chloride at 0.002 parts per million
(ppm)
to
reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health
effects which have been observed in laboratory animals.
Drinking water which meets this standard is associated
with little to none of this risk and should be
considered safe.
5)
Benzene.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that benzene is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
This chemical
is used as a solvent
and degreaser of metals.
It
is also a major component
of gasoline.
Drinking water contamination generally
results from leaking underground gasoline and petroleum
tanks or improper waste disposal.
This chemical has
been associated with significantly increased risks of
leukemia among certain industrial workers who were
exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical
during their working careers.
This chemical has ale-s
been shown to This chemical has been shown to cause
cancer
in laboratory animals when the animals are
exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.
Chemicals
that cause increased risk of cancer among exposed
industrial workers and in laboratory animals also may
increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed
at lower levels over long periods of time.
U~S~EPA
has set the enforceable drinking water standard for
benzene at 0.005 parts per million
(ppm)
to reduce the
risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which
have been observed in humans and laboratory animals.
Drinking water which meets this standard is associated
with little to none of this risk and should be
considered safe.
90
6)
1,1-Dichloroethylene.
The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (U~S.~EPA)sets drinking water
standards and has determined that 1,1-dichloroethylene
is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This chemical
is used in industry and is found in
drinking water as a result of the breakdown of related
solvents.
The solvents are used as cleaners and
degreasers of metals and generally get into drinking
water by improper waste disposal.
This chemical has
been shown to cause liver and kidney damage in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes.
Chemicals that cause adverse effects in
laboratory animals also may cause adverse health
effects in humans who are exposed at lower levels over
long periods of time.
U~S.~EPAhas set the enforceable
drinking water standard for 1,1—dichloroethylene at
0.007 parts per million
(ppm)
to reduce the risk of
these adverse health effects which have been observed
in laboratory animals.
Drinking water which meets this
standard is associated with little to none of this risk
and should be considered safe.
7)
Para-dichlorobenzene.
The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water
standards and has determined that para—dichlorobenzene
is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This chemical is
a component of deodorizers, moth balls
and pesticides.
It generally gets into drinking water
by improper waste disposal.
This chemical has been
shown to cause liver and kidney damage in laboratory
animals such as rats and mice when the animals are
exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.
Chemicals
which cause adverse effects in laboratory animals also
may cause adverse health effects in humans who are
exposed at lower levels over long periods of time.
U~S.~.EPA
has set the enforceable drinking water
standard for para—dichlorobenzene at 0.075 parts per
million
(ppm)
to reduce the risk of these adverse
health effects which have been observed in laboratory
animals.
Drinking water which meets this standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and should
be considered safe.
8)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane.
The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (U~S.~EPA)sets drinking water
standards and has determined that 1,1,1-trichloroethane
is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This chemical
is used as a cleaner and degreaser of
metals.
It generally gets into drinking water by
improper waste disposal.
This chemical has been shown
to damage the liver,
nervous system and circulatory
91
system of laboratory animals such as rats and mice when
the animals are exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes.
Some industrial workers who were exposed to
relatively large amounts of this chemical during their
working careers also suffered damage to the liver,
nervous system and circulatory system.
Chemicals which
cause adverse effects among exposed industrial workers
and in laboratory animals also may cause adverse health
effects in humans who are exposed at lower levels over
long periods of time.
U~S~EPAhas set the enforceable
drinking water standard for 1,1,1—trichloroethane at
0.2 parts per million
(ppm)
to protect against the risk
of these adverse health effects which have been
observed in laboratory animals.
Drinking water which
meets this standard is associated with little to none
of this risk and should be considered safe.
9)
Fluoride.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
requires that we send you this notice on the level of
fluoride in your drinking water.
The drinking water in
your community has a fluoride concentration of
milligrams per liter
(mg/L).
Federal regulations require that fluoride, which occurs
naturally in your water supply, not exceed a
concentration of 4.0 mg/L in drinking water.
This is
an enforceable standard called a Maximum Contaminant
Level
(NCL), and it has been established to protect the
public health.
Exposure to drinking water levels above
4.0 mg/L for many years may result in some cases of
crippling skeletal fluorosis, which is
a serious bone
disorder.
Federal law also requires that we notify you when
monitoring indicates that the fluoride in your drinking
water exceeds 2.0 mg/L.
This is intended to alert
families about dental problems that might affect
children under nine years of age.
The fluoride
concentration of your water exceeds this federal
guideline.
Fluoride in children’s drinking water at levels of
approximately
1 mg/L reduces the number of dental
cavities.
However, some children exposed to levels of
fluoride greater than about 2.0 mg/L may develop dental
fluorosis.
Dental fluorosis,
in its moderate and
severe forms,
is a brown staining and/or pitting of the
permanent teeth.
Because dental fluorosis occurs only when developing
teeth (before they erupt from the gums)
are exposed to
elevated fluoride levels, households without children
92
are not expected to be affected by this level of
fluoride.
Families with children under the age of nine
are encouraged to seek other sources of drinking water
for their children to avoid the possibility of staining
and pitting.
Your water supplier can lower the concentration of
fluoride in your water so that you will still receive
the benefits of cavity prevention while the possibility
of stained and pitted teeth is minimized.
Removal of
fluoride may increase your water costs.
Treatment
systems are also commercially available for home use.
Information on such systems is available at the address
given below.
Low fluoride bottled drinking water that
would meet all standards
is also commercially
available.
For further information, contact
at your
water system.
BOARD NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(e) (9)
and 143.5
(1992)
10)
Microbiological contaminants
(for use when there is a
violation of the treatment technique requirements for
filtration and disinfection in Subpart B of this Part).
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U~S~
EPA)
sets drinking water standards and has determined
that the presence of microbiological contaminants are a
health concern at certain levels of exposure.
If water
is inadequately treated, microbiological contaminants
in that water may cause disease.
Disease symptoms may
include diarrhea, cramps,
nausea and possibly jaundice
and any associated headaches and fatigue.
These
symptoms, however, are not just associated with
disease—causing organisms in drinking water,
but also
may be caused by a number of factors other than your
drinking water.
U~S~EPAhas set enforceable
requirements for treating drinking water to reduce the
risk of these adverse health effects.
Treatment such
as filtering and disinfecting the water removes or
destroys microbiological contaminants.
Drinking water
which
is treated to meet U.~S~EPArequirements is
associated with little to none of this risk and should
be considered safe.
11)
Total coliforms.
(To be used when there is
a violation
of Section 611.325(a)
and not a violation of Section
611.325(b)).
The United States Environmental
Protection Agency
(U.S.
EPA)
sets drinking water
standards and has determined that the presence of total
coliforms is a possible health concern.
Total
93
coliforms are common in the environment and are
generally not harmful themselves.
The presence of
these bacteria
in drinking water, however, generally is
a result of a problem with water treatment or the pipes
which distribute the water and indicates that the water
may be contaminated with organisms that can cause
disease.
Disease symptoms may include diarrhea,
cramps, nausea and possibly jaundice, and any
associated headaches and fatigue.
These symptoms,
however, are not just associated with disease—causing
organisms in drinking water,
but also may be caused by
a number of factors other than your drinking water.
U~S.~EPAhas set an enforceable drinking water standard
for total coliforms to reduce the risk of these adverse
health effects.
Under this standard, no more than 5.0
percent of the samples collected during a month can
contain these bacteria, except that systems collecting
fewer than 40 samples/month that have one total
coliform-positive sample per month are not violating
the standard.
Drinking water which meets this standard
is usually not associated with a health risk from
disease-causing bacteria and should be considered safe.
12)
Fecal Coliforms/E.
ccli.
(To be used when there
is a
violation of Section 611.325(b) or both Section
611.325(a)
and
(b)).
The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water
standards and has determined that the presence of fecal
coliforms or
E.
coli
is a serious health concern.
Fecal coliforms and
E. coli are generally not harmful
themselves, but their presence
in drinking water
is
serious because they usually are associated with sewage
or animal wastes.
The presence of these bacteria in
drinking water
is generally a result of
a problem with
water treatment or the pipes which distribute the water
and indicates that the water may be contaminated with
organisms that can cause disease.
Disease symptoms may
include diarrhea, cramps, nausea and possibly jaundice,
and associated headaches and fatigue.
These symptoms,
however,
are not just associated with disease—causing
organisms
in drinking water, but also may be caused by
a number of factors other than your drinking water.
U.S. EPA has set an enforceable drinking water standard
for fecal coliforms and
E. coli to reduce the risk of
these adverse health effects.
Under this standard all
drinking water samples must be free of these bacteria.
Drinking water which meets this standard is associated
with little or none of this risk and should be
considered safe.
State and local health authorities
recommend that consumers take the following
precautions:
To
be inserted by the public water
94
system, according to instruction from State or local
authorities).
13)
Lead.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U.~S.~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that lead is
a health concern at certain
exposure levels.
Materials that contain lead have
frequently been used in the construction of water
supply distribution systems, and plumbing systems in
private homes and other buildings.
The most commonly
found materials include service lines,
pipes, brass and
bronze fixtures, and solders and fluxes.
Lead in these
materials can contaminate drinking water as a result of
the corrosion that takes place when water comes into
contact with those materials.
Lead can cause a variety
of adverse health effects in humans.
At relatively low
levels of exposure,
these effects may include
interference with red blood cell chemistry, delays in
normal physical and mental development in babies and
young children, slight deficits in the attention span,
hearing,
and learning abilities of children, and slight
increases
in the blood pressure of some adults.
~
EPA’s national primary drinking water regulation
requires all public water systems to optimize corrosion
control to minimize lead contamination resulting from
the corrosion of plumbing materials.
Public water
systems serving 50,000 people or fewer that have lead
concentrations below 15 parts per billion
(ppb)
in more
than 90
of tap water samples
(the U~S~EPA“action
level”) have optimized their corrosion control
treatment.
Any water system that exceeds the action
level must also monitor their source water to determine
whether treatment to remove lead in source water is
needed.
Any water system that continues to exceed the
action level after installation of corrosion control
and/or source water treatment must eventually replace
all lead service lines contributing in excess of
15 ppb
of lead to drinking water.
Any water system that
exceeds the action level must also undertake a public
education program to inform consumers of ways they can
reduce their exposure to potentially high levels of
lead in drinking water.
14)
Copper.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U~S.EPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that copper
is a health concern at certain
exposure levels.
Copper,
a reddish—brown metal,
is
often used to plumb residential and commercial
structures that are connected to water distribution
systems.
Copper contaminating drinking water as a
corrosion by—product occurs as the result of the
corrosion of copper pipes that remain in contact with
95
water for a prolonged period of time.
Copper is an
essential nutrient, but at high doses
it has been shown
to cause stomach and intestinal distress,
liver and
kidney damage, and anemia.
Persons with Wilsàn’s
disease may be at a higher risk of health effects due
to copper than the general public.
U~S.~EPA’snational
primary drinking water regulation requires all public
water systems to install optimal corrosion control to
minimize copper contamination resulting from the
corrosion of plumbing materials.
Public water systems
serving 50,000 people or fewer that have copper
concentrations below 1.3 parts per million
(ppm)
in
more than 90
of tap water samples
(the U~S~EPA
“action level”) are not required to install or improve
their treatment.
Any water system that exceeds the
action level must also monitor their source water to
determine whether treatment to remove copper in source
water is needed.
15)
Asbestos.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency
(U.S.
EPA)
sets drinking water standards and has
determined that asbestos fibers greater than
10 micrometers in length are a health concern at
certain levels of exposure.
Asbestos is a naturally
occurring mineral.
Most asbestos fibers in drinking
water are less than 10 micrometers in length and occur
in drinking water from natural sources and from
corroded asbestos-cement pipes in the distribution
system.
The major uses of asbestos were in the
production of cements,
floor tiles, paper products,
paint,
and caulking;
in transportation-related
applications; and in the production of textiles and
plastics.
Asbestos was once a popular insulating and
fire retardant material.
Inhalation studies have shown
that various forms of asbestos have produced lung
tumors in laboratory animals.
The available
information on the risk of developing gastrointestinal
tract cancer associated with the ingestion of asbestos
from drinking water is limited.
Ingestion of
intermediate-range chrysolite asbestos fibers greater
than 10 micrometers in length is associated with
causing benign tumors in male rats.
Chemicals that
cause cancer
in laboratory animals also may increase
the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long
periods of time.
U.S. EPA has set the drinking water
standard for asbestos at
7 million long fibers per
liter to reduce the potential risk of cancer or other
adverse health effects which have been observed in
laboratory animals.
Drinking water which meets the
U.S. EPA standard
is associated with little to none of
this risk and should be considered safe with respect to
asbestos.
96
16)
Barium.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U.~.S.~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that barium is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
This inorganic chemical occurs
naturally in some aquifers that serve as sources of
groundwater.
It is also used in oil and gas drilling
muds, automotive paints, bricks, tiles, and jet fuels.
It generally gets into drinking water after dissolving
from naturally occurring minerals in the ground.
This
chemical may damage the heart and vascular system, and
is associated with high blood pressure in laboratory
animals such as rats exposed to high levels during
their lifetimes.
In humans, U.~S.~EPA
believes that
effects from barium on blood pressure should not occur
below
2 parts per million
(ppm)
in drinking water.
U.~S~EPA
has set the drinking water standard for barium
at
2 parts per million
(ppm) to protect against the
risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water
that meets the U~S~EPAstandard is associated with
little to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to barium.
17)
Cadmium.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U.~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that cadmium is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
Food and the smoking of tobacco
are common sources of general exposure.
This inorganic
metal is a contaminant in the metals used to galvanize
pipe.
It generally gets into water by corrosion of
galvanized pipes or by improper waste disposal.
This
chemical has been shown to damage the kidney in animals
such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at
high levels over their lifetimes.
Some industrial
workers who were exposed to relatively large amounts of
this chemical during working careers also suffered
damage to the kidney.
U~S~EPAhas set the drinking
water standard for cadmium at 0.005 parts per million
(ppm)
to protect against the risk of these adverse
health effects.
Drinking water that meets the U.~S~EPA
standard is associated with little to none of this risk
and is considered safe with respect to cadmium.
18)
Chromium.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency
(U..LS~EPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that chromium is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
This inorganic metal occurs
naturally in the ground and is often used in the
electroplating of metals.
It generally gets into water
from runoff from old mining operations and improper
waste disposal from plating operations.
This chemical
has been shown to damage the kidney, nervous system,
and the circulatory system of laboratory animals such
97
as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high
levels.
Some humans who were exposed to high levels of
this chemical suffered liver and kidney damage,
dermatitis and respiratory problems.
U.~S.~EPA
has set
the drinking water standard for chromium at 0.1 parts
per million
(ppm)
to protect against the risk of these
adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the
U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of
this risk and
is considered safe with respect to
chromium.
19)
Mercury.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U~S.~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that mercury is
a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
This inorganic metal
is used in
electrical equipment and some water pumps.
It usually
gets into water as
a result of improper waste disposal.
This chemical has been shown to damage the kidney of
laboratory animals such as rats when the animals are
exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.
U~S~EPA
has set the drinking water standard for mercury at
0.002 parts per million
(ppm)
to protect against the
risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water
that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with
little to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to mercury.
20)
Nitrate.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that nitrate poses an acute health concern
at certain levels of exposure.
Nitrate is used in
fertilizer and is found in sewage and wastes from human
and/or farm animals and generally gets into drinking
water from those activities.
Excessive levels of
nitrate in drinking water have caused serious illness
and sometimes death in infants under six months of age.
The serious illness in infants
is caused because
nitrate is converted to nitrite
in the body.
Nitrite
interferes with the oxygen carrying capacity of the
child’s blood. This is an acute disease in that
symptoms can develop rapidly in infants.
In most
cases, health deteriorates over a period of days.
Symptoms include shortness of breath and blueness of
the skin.
Clearly,
expert medical advice should be
sought immediately
if these symptoms occur.
The
purpose of this notice
is to encourage parents and
other responsible parties to provide infants with an
alternate source of drinking water.
Local and State
health authorities are the best source for information
concerning alternate sources of drinking water for
infants. U~S~EPAhas set the drinking water standard
at
10 parts per million
(ppm)
for nitrate to protect
98
against the risk of these adverse effects.
U~S~EPA
has also set a drinking water standard for nitrite at
1
ppm.
To allow for the fact that the toxicity of
nitrate and nitrite are additive.
U~S.~EPAhas also
established a standard for the sum of nitrate and
nitrite at 10 ppm.
Drinking water that meets the ~
EPA standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to nitrate.
21)
Nitrite.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency
(U.~S~..EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that nitrite poses an acute health concern
at certain levels of exposure.
This inorganic chemical
is used in fertilizers and is found in sewage and
wastes from humans and/or farm animals and generally
gets into drinking water as a result of those
activities.
While excessive levels of nitrite in
drinking water have not been observed, other sources of
nitrite have caused serious illness and sometimes death
in infants under six months of age.
The serious
illness in infants
is caused because nitrite interferes
with the oxygen carrying capacity of the child’s blood.
This is an acute disease in that symptoms can develop
rapidly.
However,
in most cases, health deteriorates
over a period of days.
Symptoms include shortness of
breath and blueness of the skin.
Clearly, expert
medical advice should be sought immediately if these
symptoms occur.
The purpose of this notice
is to
encourage parents and other responsible parties to
provide infants with an alternate source of drinking
water.
Local and State health authorities are the best
source for information concerning alternate sources of
drinking water for infants.
U~S~EPAhas set the
drinking water standard at
1 part per million
(ppm)
for
nitrite to protect against the risk of these adverse
effects.
U~S.~EPAhas also set
a drinking water
standard for nitrate
(converted to nitrite in humans)
at 10 ppm and for the sum of nitrate and nitrite at 10
ppm.
Drinking water that meets the U~S~EPAstandard
is associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to nitrite.
22)
Selenium.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U.~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that selenium is a health concern at certain
high levels of exposure.
Selenium is also an essential
nutrient at
low levels of exposure.
This inorganic
chemical
is found naturally in food and soils and is
used in electronics, photocopy operations,
the
manufacture of glass,
chemicals,
drugs, and as a
fungicide and
a feed additive.
In humans, exposure to
high levels of selenium over a long period of time has
99
resulted in a number of adverse health effects,
including a loss of feeling and control
in the arms and
legs.
U~S~EPAhas set the drinking water standard for
selenium at 0.05 parts per million
(ppm)
to protect
against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the U~S.~EPAstandard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to selenium.
23)
Acrylamide.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U.~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that acrylamide is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure.
Polymers made from
acrylamide are sometimes used to treat water supplies
to remove particulate contaminants.
Acryiamide has
been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such
as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high
levels over their lifetimes.
Chemicals that cause
cancer
in laboratory animals also may increase the risk
of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
of time.
Sufficiently large doses of acrylamide are
known to cause neurological injury.
U~S~EPAhas set
the drinking water standard for acrylamide using a
treatment technique to reduce the risk of cancer or
other adverse health effects which have been observed
in laboratory animals.
This treatment technique limits
the amount of acrylamide in the polymer and the amount
of the polymer which may be added to drinking water to
remove particulates.
Drinking water systems which
comply with this treatment technique have little to no
risk and are considered safe with respect to
acrylamide.
24)
Alachlor.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U~S.EPA)
sets drinking water standards and has
determined that alachlor is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
This organic chemical is
a widely
used pesticide.
When soil and climatic conditions are
favorable,
alachlor may get into drinking water by
runoff into surface water or by leaching into
groundwater.
This chemical has been shown to cause
cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when
the animals are exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory
animals also may increase the risk of cancer
in humans
who are exposed over long periods of time.
U~S~EPA
has set the drinking water standard for alachlor at
0.002 parts per million
(ppm)
to reduce the risk of
cancer or other adverse health effects which have been
observed in laboratory animals.
Drinking water that
meets this standard
is associated with little to none
100
of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
alachlor.
25)
Aldicarb.
The United States Environmental protection
Agency (U.~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that aldicarb is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
Aldicarb is a widely used
pesticide.
Under certain soil and climatic conditions
(e.g.,
sandy soil and high rainfall),
aldicarb may
leach into groundwater after normal agricultural
applications to crops such as potatoes or peanuts or
may enter drinking water supplies as a result of
surface runoff.
This chemical has been shown to damage
the nervous system in laboratory animals such as rats
and dogs exposed to high levels. U~S.~EPAhas set the
drinking water standard for aldicarb at 0.003 parts per
million
(ppm)
to reduce the risk of adverse health
effects.
Drinking water that meets this standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to aldicarb.
26)
Aldicarb sulfoxide.
The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water
standards and has determined that aldicarb sulfoxide is
a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
Aldicarb is a widely used pesticide.
Aldicarb
sulfoxide in groundwater is primarily a breakdown
product of aldicarb.
Under certain soil and climatic
conditions
(e.g.,
sandy soil and high rainfall),
aldicarb sulfoxide may leach into groundwater after
normal agricultural applications to crops such as
potatoes or peanuts or may enter drinking water
supplies as a result of surface runoff.
This chemical
has been shown to damage the nervous system in
laboratory animals such as rats and dogs exposed to
high levels. U.~S~EPAhas set the drinking water
standard for aldicarb sulfoxide at 0.004 parts per
million
(ppm)
to reduce the risk of adverse health
effects.
Drinking water that meets this standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to aldicarb sulfoxide.
27)
Aldicarb sulfone.
The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (U.S~EPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that aldicarb sulfone is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure.
Aldicarb
is a widely used pesticide.
Aidicarb sulfone in
groundwater
is primarily a breakdown product of
aldicarb.
Under certain soil and climatic conditions
(e.g.,
sandy soil and high rainfall),
aldicarb sulfone
may leach into groundwater after normal agricultural
applications to crops such as potatoes or peanuts or
101
may enter drinking water supplies as a result of
surface runoff.
This chemical has been shown to damage
the nervous system in laboratory animals such as rats
and dogs exposed to high levels. U~S.~EPAhasset the
drinking water standard for aldicarb sulfone at 0.002
parts per million
(ppm)
to reduce the risk of adverse
health effects.
Drinking water that meets this
standard is associated with little to none of this risk
and
is considered safe with respect to aldicarb
sulfone.
28)
Atrazine.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U~S.~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that atrazine
is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
This organic chemical
is a
herbicide.
When soil and climatic conditions are
favorable,
atrazine may get into drinking water by
runoff into surface water or by leaching into
groundwater.
This chemical has been shown to affect
offspring of rats and the heart of dogs.
U~S.~EPAhas
set the drinking water standard for atrazine at 0.003
parts per million
(ppm)
to protect against the risk of
these adverse health effects.
Drinking water that
meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little
to none of this risk and
is considered safe with
respect to atrazine.
29)
Carbofuran.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U.~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that carbofuran is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure.
This organic chemical is a
pesticide.
When soil and climatic conditions are
favorable, carbofuran may get into drinking water by
runoff into surface water or by leaching into
groundwater.
This chemical has been shown to damage
the nervous and reproductive systems of laboratory
animals such as rats and mice exposed at high levels
over their lifetimes.
Some humans who were exposed to
relatively large amounts of this chemical during their
working careers also suffered damage to the nervous
system.
Effects on the nervous system are generally
rapidly reversible.
U.S. EPA has set the drinking
water standard for carbofuran at 0.04 parts per million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse
health effects.
Drinking water that meets the U.~S~EPA
standard is associated with little to none of this risk
and
is considered safe with respect to carbofuran.
30)
Chlordane.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that chlordane is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure.
This organic chemical is a
102
pesticide used to control termites.
Chiordane is not
very mobile in soils.
It usually gets into drinking
water after application near water supply intakes or
wells.
This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes.
Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory
animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans
who are exposed over long periods of time.
U~S~EPA
has set the drinking water standard for chlordane at
0.002 parts per million
(ppm) to reduce the risk of
cancer or other adverse health effects which have been
observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that
meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little
to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to chlordane.
31)
Dibromochloropropane (DBCP).
The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (U.~.S.~EPA)sets
drinking water standards and has determined that DBCP
is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This organic chemical was once a popular pesticide.
When soil and climatic conditions are favorable,
DBCP
may get into drinking water by runoff into surface
water or by leaching into groundwater.
This chemical
has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals
such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at
high levels over their lifetimes.
Chemicals that cause
cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk
of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
of time.
U.~S~EPAhas set the drinking water standard
for DBCP at 0.0002 parts per million
(ppm)
to reduce
the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects
which have been observed in laboratory animals.
Drinking water that meets the U~S~EPAstandard is
associated with little to none of this risk and
is
considered safe with respect to DBCP.
32)
o-Dichlorobenzene.
The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (U~S.~EPA)sets drinking water
standards and has determined that o—dichlorobenzene is
a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This
organic chemical is used as a solvent in the production
of pesticides and dyes.
It generally gets into water
by improper waste disposal.
This chemical has been
shown to damage the liver, kidney and the blood cells
of laboratory animals such as rats and mice exposed to
high levels during their lifetimes.
Some industrial
workers who were exposed to relatively large amounts of
this chemical during working careers also suffered
damage to the liver,
nervous system, and circulatory
system.
U~S~EPAhas set the drinking water standard
103
for o—dichlorobenzene at 0.6 parts per million
(ppm)
to
protect against the risk of these adverse health
effects.
Drinking water that meets the U~S~EPA
standard is associated with little to none of this risk
and
is considered safe with respect to
o—dichlorobenzene.
33)
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene.
The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (U.~S~EPA)establishes
drinking water standards and has determined that
cis—1,2-dichloroethylene is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
This organic chemical is used as a
solvent and intermediate in chemical production.
It
generally gets into water by improper waste disposal.
This chemical has been shown to damage the liver,
nervous system, and circulatory system of laboratory
animals such as rats and mice when exposed at high
levels over their
lifetimes.
Some humans who were
exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical
also suffered damage to the nervous system.
U~S~EPA
has set the drinking water standard for
cis-1,2-dichloroethylene at 0.07 parts per million
(ppm)
to protect against the risk of these adverse
health effects.
Drinking water that meets the U~S~EPA
standard is associated with little to none of this risk
and is considered safe with respect to
cis—1,2—dichloroethylene.
34)
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene.
The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (U~.S~EPA)establishes
drinking water standards and has determined that
trans-l,2—dichloroethylene is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
is
used as a solvent and intermediate in chemical
production.
It generally gets into water by improper
waste disposal.
This chemical has been shown to damage
the liver, nervous system,
and the circulatory system
of laboratory animals such as rats and mice when
exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.
Some
humans who were exposed to relatively large amounts of
this chemical also suffered damage to the nervous
system.
U.S~EPAhas set the drinking water standard
for trans-1,2-dichloroethylene at 0.1 parts per million
(ppm)
to protect against the risk of these adverse
health effects.
Drinking water that meets the U.~S~EPA
standard is associated with little to none of this risk
and is considered safe with respect to
trans-l,2-dichloroethylene.
35)
1,2-Dichloropropane.
The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (U.S~EPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that 1,2-dichloropropane
104
is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This organic chemical is used as a solvent and
pesticide.
When soil and climatic conditions are
favorable, 1,2-dichloropropane may get into drinking
water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into
groundwater.
It may also get into drinking water
through improper waste disposal.
This chemical has
been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such
as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high
levels over their lifetimes.
Chemicals that cause
cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk
of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
of time.
U.~S~EPAhas set the drinking water standard
for 1,2-dichioropropane at 0.005 parts per million
(ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse
health effects which have been observed in laboratory
animals.
Drinking water that meets the U.,S.~EPA
standard is associated with little to none of this risk
and is considered safe with respect to
1, 2-dichloropropane.
36)
2,4-D.
This contaminant is subject to a “additional
State requirement”.
The supplier shall give the
following notice if the level exceeds the Section
611.311 MCL.
If the level exceeds the Section 611.310
MCL, but not that of Section 611.311, the supplier
shall give a general notice under Section 611.854.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U~S~
EPA)
sets drinking water standards and has determined
that 2,4—D is a health concern at certain levels of
exposure.
This organic chemical
is used as a herbicide
and to control algae
in reservoirs.
When soil and
climatic conditions are favorable,
2,4—D may get into
drinking water by runoff into surface water or by
leaching into groundwater.
This chemical has been
shown to damage the liver and kidney of laboratory
animals such as rats exposed at high levels during
their lifetimes.
Some humans who were exposed to
relatively large amounts of this chemical also suffered
damage to the nervous system.
U~S~EPAhas set the
drinking water standard for 2,4-D at 0.07 parts per
million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of these
adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the
U~S.~EPAstandard is associated with little to none of
this risk and is considered safe with respect to 2,4-D.
37)
Epichlorohydrin.
The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water
standards and has determined that epichlorohydrin is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure.
Polymers
made from epichlorohydrin are sometimes used in the
105
treatment of water supplies as a flocculent to remove
particulates.
Epichiorohydrin generally gets into
drinking water by improper use of these polymers.
This
chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory
animals such as rats and mice when the animals are
exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.
Chemicals
that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may
increase the risk of cancer
in humans who are exposed
over long periods of time.
U.~S.~EPA
has set the
drinking water standard for epichlorohydrin using a
treatment technique to reduce the risk of cancer or
other adverse health effects which have been observed
in laboratory animals.
This treatment technique limits
the amount of epichlorohydrin
in the polymer and the
amount of the polymer which may be added to drinking
water as a flocculent to remove particulates.
Drinking
water systems which comply with this treatment
technique have little to no risk and are considered
safe with respect to epichlorohydrin.
38)
Ethylbenzene.
The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water
standards and has determined ethylbenzene is a health
concern at certain levels of exposure.
This organic
chemical is
a major component of gasoline.
It
generally gets into water by improper waste disposal or
leaking gasoline tanks.
This chemical has been shown
to damage the kidney,
liver,
and nervous system of
laboratory animals such as rats exposed to high levels
during their lifetimes.
U.~S~EPAhas set the drinking
water standard for ethylbenzene at 0.7 parts per
million
(ppm)
to protect against the risk of these
adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the
U~S~EPAstandard is associated with little to none of
this risk and is considered safe with respect to
ethylbenzene.
39)
Ethylene dibromide
(EDB).
The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets
drinking water standards and has determined that EDB is
a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This
organic chemical was once a popular pesticide.
When
soil and climatic conditions are favorable,
EDB may get
into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by
leaching into groundwater.
This chemical has been
shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as
rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high
levels over their lifetimes.
Chemicals that cause
cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk
of cancer
in humans who are exposed over long periods
of time.
U~S~EPAhas set the drinking water standard
for EDB at 0.00005 parts per million
(ppm)
to reduce
106
the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects
which have been observed in laboratory animals.
Drinking water that meets this standard is associated
with little to none of this risk and
is considered safe
with respect to EDB.
40)
Heptachlor.
This contaminant
is subject to a
“additional State requirement”.
The supplier shall
give the following notice if the level exceeds the
Section 611.311 MCL.
If the level exceeds the Section
611.310 MCL, but not that of Section 611.311, the
supplier shall give a general notice under Section
611.854.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(U~S.,.
EPA)
sets drinking water standards and has determined
that heptachlor is a health concern at certain levels
of exposure.
This organic chemical was once a popular
pesticide.
When soil and climatic conditions are
favorable,
heptachlor may get into drinking water by
runoff into surface water or by leaching into
groundwater.
This chemical has been shown to cause
cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when
the animals are exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer
in laboratory
animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans
who are exposed over long periods of time.
U~S~EPA
has set the drinking water standards for heptachlor at
0.0004 parts per million
(ppm)
to reduce the risk of
cancer or other adverse health effects which have been
observed in laboratory animals.
Drinking water that
meets this standard is associated with little to none
of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
heptachior.
41)
Heptachlor epoxide.
This contaminant
is subject to a
“additional State requirement”.
The supplier shall
give the following notice if the level exceeds the
Section 611.311 MCL.
If the level exceeds the Section
611.310 MCL, but not that of Section 611.311, the
supplier shall give a general notice under Section
611.854.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(U.S.
EPA)
sets drinking water standards and has determined
that heptachlor epoxide is
a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
This organic chemical was once a
popular pesticide.
When soil and climatic conditions
are favorable,
heptachlor epoxide may get into drinking
water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into
groundwater.
This chemical has been shown to cause
cancer
in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when
107
the animals are exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes.
Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory
animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans
who are exposed over long periods of time.
UJS~EPA
has set the drinking water standards for heptachlor
epoxide at 0.0002 parts per million
(ppm)
to reduce the
risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which
have been observed in laboratory animals.
Drinking
water that meets this standard is associated with
little to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to heptachlor epoxide.
42)
Lindane.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U.~S.~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that lindane
is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
This organic chemical
is used as a
pesticide.
When soil and climatic conditions are
favora~e, lindane may get into drinking water by
runoff into surface water or by leaching into
groundwater.
This chemical has been shown to damage
the liver,
kidney, nervous system, and immune system of
laboratory animals such as rats, mice and dogs exposed
at high levels during their lifetimes.
Some humans who
were exposed to relatively large amounts of this
chemical also suffered damage to the nervous system and
circulatory system.
U~S~EPAhas established the
drinking water standard for lindane at 0.0002 parts per
million
(ppm)
to protect against the risk of these
adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the
U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of
this risk and
is considered safe with respect to
lindane.
43)
Methoxychlor.
The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water
standards and has determined that methoxychlor is
a
health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This
organic chemical
is used as a pesticide.
When soil and
climatic conditions are favorable, methoxychlor may get
into drinking water by runoff
into surface water or by
leaching into groundwater.
This chemical has been
shown to damage the liver,
kidney, nervous system,
and
reproductive system of laboratory animals such as rats
exposed at high levels during their lifetimes.
It has
also been shown to produce growth retardation in rats.
U~S~EPAhas set the drinking water standard for
methoxychlor at 0.04 parts per million
(ppm)
to protect
against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the U~S~EPAstandard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to methoxychlor.
108
44)
Monochlorobenzene.
The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water
standards and has determined that monochlorobenzene is
a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This
organic chemical
is used as a solvent.
It generally
gets into water by improper waste disposal.
This
chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney and
nervous system of laboratory animals such as rats and
mice exposed to high levels during their lifetimes.
U~.S~EPAhas set the drinking water standard for
monochlorobenzene at 0.1 parts per million
(ppm)
to
protect against the risk of these adverse health
effects.
Drinking water that meets the U~S~EPA
standard is associated with little to none of this risk
and is considered safe with respect to
monochlorobenzene.
45)
Polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs).
The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets
drinking water standards and has determined that
polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs)
are a health concern
at certain levels of exposure.
These organic chemicals
were once widely used in electrical transformers and
other industrial equipment.
They generally get into
drinking water by improper waste disposal or leaking
electrical industrial equipment.
This chemical has
been shown to cause cancer
in laboratory animals such
as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high
levels over their lifetimes.
Chemicals that cause
cancer
in laboratory animals also may increase the risk
of cancer
in humans who are exposed over long periods
of time.
U.~S~EPA
has set the drinking water standard
for PCBs at 0.0005 parts per million
(ppm)
to reduce
the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects
which have been observed in laboratory animals.
Drinking water that meets this standard is associated
with little to none of this risk and is considered safe
with respect to PCB5.
46)
Pentachlorophenol.
The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (U~SJEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that pentachlorophenol is
a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This
organic chemical is widely used as a wood preservative,
herbicide, disinfectant,
and defoliant.
It generally
gets into drinking water by runoff into surface water
or leaching into groundwater.
This chemical has been
shown to produce adverse reproductive effects and to
damage the liver and kidneys of laboratory animals such
as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high
levels over their lifetimes.
Some humans who were
exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical
109
also suffered damage to the liver and kidneys.
This
chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory
animals such as rats and mice when the animals are
exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.
Chemicals
that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may
increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed
over long periods of time.
U~S~EPAhas set the
drinking water standard for pentachlorophenol at 0.001
parts per million
(ppm)
to reduce the risk of adverse
health effects.
Drinking water that meets this
standard is associated with little to none of this risk
and
is considered safe with respect to pentachioro—
phenol.
47)
Styrene.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that styrene is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
This organic chemical is commonly
used to make plastics and is sometimes a component of
resins used for drinking water treatment.
Styrene may
get into drinking water from improper waste disposal.
This chemical has been shown to damage the liver and
nervous system in laboratory animals when exposed at
high levels during their lifetimes.
U~S~EPAhas set
the drinking water standard for styrene at 0.1 parts
per million
(ppm)
to protect against the risk of these
adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the
U.S~EPAstandard is associated with little to none of
this risk and
is considered safe with respect to
styrene.
48)
Tetrachloroethylene.
The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water
standards and has determined that tetrachloroethylene
is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This organic chemical has been a popular solvent,
particularly for dry cleaning.
It generally gets into
drinking water by improper waste disposal.
This
chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory
animals such as rats and mice when the animals are
exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals
that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may
increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed
over long periods of time.
U~S~EPAhas set the
drinking water standard for tetrachloroethylene at
0.005 parts per million
(ppm)
to reduce the risk of
cancer or other adverse health effects which have been
observed
in laboratory animals.
Drinking water that
meets this standard is associated with little to none
of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
tetrachloroethylene.
110
49)
Toluene.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that toluene is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
This organic chemical is used as a
solvent and in the manufacture of gasoline for
airplanes.
It generally gets into water by improper
waste disposal or leaking underground storage tanks.
This chemical has been shown to damage the kidney,
nervous system, and circulatory system of laboratory
animals such as rats and mice exposed to high levels
during their lifetimes.
Some industrial workers who
were exposed to relatively large amounts of this
chemical during working careers also suffered damage to
the liver, kidney and nervous system.
U~S~EPAhas set
the drinking water standard for toluene at
1 part per
million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of these
adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the
U.S.
EPA standard
is associated with little to none of
this risk and is considered safe with respect to
toluene.
50)
Toxaphene.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U.~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that toxaphene is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure.
This organic chemical was
once a pesticide widely used on cotton, corn,
soybeans,
pineapples and other crops.
When soil and climatic
conditions are favorable, toxaphene may get into
drinking water by runoff
into surface water or by
leaching into groundwater.
This chemical has been
shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as
rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high
levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause
cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk
of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
of time.
U.S~EPAhas set the drinking water standard
for toxaphene at 0.003 parts per million
(ppm)
to
reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health
effects which have been observed in laboratory animals.
Drinking water that meets this standard is associated
with little to none of this risk and is considered safe
with respect to toxaphene.
51)
2,4,5-TP.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U~S.~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that 2,4,5—TP is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
This organic chemical
is used as a
herbicide.
When soil and climatic conditions are
favorable,
2,4,5-TP may get into drinking water by
runoff into surface water or by leaching into
groundwater.
This chemical has been shown to damage
the liver and kidney of laboratory animals such as rats
ill
and dogs exposed to high levels during their lifetimes.
Some industrial workers who were exposed to relatively
large amounts of this chemical during working careers
also suffered damage to the nervous system.
U~S~EPA
has set the drinking water standard for 2,4,5-TP at
0.05 parts per million
(ppm)
to protect against the
risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water
that meets the U.S~EPAstandard is associated with
little to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to 2,4,5-TP.
52)
Xylenes.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that xylene is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
This organic chemical
is used in
the manufacture of gasoline for airplanes and as
a
solvent for pesticides,
and as a cleaner and degreaser
of metals.
It usually gets into water by improper waste
disposal. This chemical has been shown to damage the
liver, kidney and nervous system of laboratory animals
such as rats and dogs exposed to high levels during
their lifetimes.
Some humans who were exposed to
relatively large amounts of this chemical also suffered
damage to the nervous system.
U~S~EPAhas set the
drinking water standard for xylene at 10 parts per
million
(ppm)
to protect against the risk of these
adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the
U.S. EPA standard
is associated with little to none of
this risk and
is considered safe with respect to
xylene.
53)
Antimony.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that antimony is
a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
This inorganic chemical occurs
naturally in soils, ground water,
and surface water and
is often used in the flame retardant industry.
It is
also used in ceramics and glass,
batteries,
fireworks,
and explosives.
It may get into drinking water through
natural weathering of rock,
industrial production,
municipal waste disposal,
or manufacturing processes.
This chemical has been shown to decrease longevity,
and
altered blood levels of cholesterol and glucose in
laboratory animals such as rats exposed to high levels
during their lifetimes.
U.~S~EPAhas set the drinking
water standard for antimony at 0.006 parts per million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse
health effects.
Drinking water that meets the U~S~EPA
standard is associated with little to none of this risk
and is considered safe with respect to antimony.
112
54)
Beryllium.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U~S.~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that beryllium is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure.
This inorganic chemical
occurs naturally in soils,
ground water, and surface
water and
is often used in electrical equipment and
electrical components.
It generally gets into water
from runoff from mining operations, discharge from
processing plants, and improper waste disposal.
Beryllium compounds have been associated with damage to
the bones and lungs and induction of cancer in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed to high levels during their
lifetimes.
There is limited evidence to suggest that
beryllium may pose a cancer risk via drinking water
exposure.
Therefore, U.~S~EPAbased the health
assessment on noncancer effects with and extra
uncertainty factor to account for possible
carcinogenicity.
Chemicals that cause cancer in
laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer
in humans who are exposed over long periods of time.
U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for
beryllium at 0.004 parts per million
(ppm)
to protect
against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the U.~S~EPAstandard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to beryllium.
55)
Cyanide.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that cyanide is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
This inorganic chemical
is used in
electroplating,
steel processing, plastics,
synthetic
fabrics, and fertilizer products.
It usually gets into
water as a result of improper waste disposal.
This
chemical has been shown to damage the spleen,
brain,
and liver of humans fatally poisoned with cyanide.
U.S~EPAhas set the drinking water standard for
cyanide at 0.2 parts per million
(ppm) to protect
against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the U~S.~EPAstandard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to cyanide.
56)
Nickel.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that nickel is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
This inorganic chemical occurs
naturally in soils,
ground water, and surface water and
is often used in electroplating,
stainless steel,
and
alloy products.
It generally gets into water from
mining and refining operations.
This chemical has been
113
shown to damage the heart and liver in laboratory
animals when the animals are exposed to high levels
over their lifetimes.
U~S~EPAhas set the drinking
water standard at 0.1 parts per million
(ppm)-for
nickel to protect against the risk of these adverse
health effects.
Drinking water that meets the U~S~EPA
standard is associated with little to none of this risk
and is considered safe with respect to nickel.
57)
Thallium.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency
~
sets drinking water standards and has
determined that thallium is a health concern at certain
high levels of exposure.
This inorganic chemical
occurs naturally in soils, ground water, and surface
water and is used in electronics, pharmaceuticals, and
the manufacture of glass and alloys.
This chemical has
been shown to damage the kidney,
liver,
brain,
and
intestines of laboratory animals when the animals are
exposed to high levels during their lifetimes.
U~S~
EPA has set the drinking water standard for thallium at
0.002 parts per million
(ppm)
to protect against the
risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water
that meets the U~S~EPAstandard is associated with
little to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to thallium.
58)
Benzo(a)pyrene.
The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water
standards and has determined that benzo(a)pyrene is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure.
Cigarette smoke and charbroiled meats are common
sources of general exposure.
The major source of
benzo(a)pyrene in drinking water is the leaching from
coal tar lining and sealants in water storage tanks.
This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in animals
such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to
high levels.
U.~S~EPA
has set the drinking water
standard for benzo(a)pyrene at 0.0002 parts per million
(ppm)
to protect against the risk of cancer.
Drinking
water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated
with little to none of this risk and is considered safe
with respect to benzo(a)pyrene.
59)
Dalapon.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U.~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that dalapon is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
This organic chemical is a widely
used herbicide.
It may get into drinking water after
application to control grasses in crops, drainage
ditches,
and along railroads.
This chemical has been
associated with damage to the kidney and liver in
laboratory animals when the animals are exposed to high
114
levels during their lifetimes.
U.~S.~EPA
has set the
drinking water standard for dalapon at 0.2 parts per
million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of these
adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the
U.S.~EPAstandard is associated with little to none of
this risk and is considered safe with respect to
dalapon.
60)
Dichloromethane.
The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (U.~S.~EPA)sets drinking water
standards and has determined that dichloromethane
(methylene chloride)
is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
This organic chemical is a widely
used solvent.
It is used in the manufacture of paint
remover, as a metal degreaser,
and as an aerosol
propellant.
It generally gets into water after
improper discharge of waste disposal.
This chemical
has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals
such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to
high levels during their lifetimes.
Chemicals that
cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase
the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long
periods of time.
U~S~EPAhas set the drinking water
standard for dichloromethane at 0.005 parts per million
(ppm)
to protect against the risk of cancer or other
adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the
U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of
this risk and is considered safe with respect to
dichloromethane.
61)
Di(2—ethylhexyl)adipate.
The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets
drinking water standards and has determined that di-
(2-ethylhexyl)adipate is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate is a
widely used plasticizer in a variety of products,
including synthetic rubber, food packaging materials,
and cosmetics.
It may get into drinking water after
improper waste disposal.
This chemical has been shown
to damage the liver and testes in laboratory animals
such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to
high levels.
U~S~EPAhas set the drinking water
standard for di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate at 0.4 parts per
million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of adverse
health effects that have been observed in laboratory
animals.
Drinking water that meets the U.~S~EPA
standard is associated with little to none of this risk
and is considered safe with respect to di(2-ethyl—
hexyl) adipate.
62)
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.
The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (U~S.~EPA)sets
115
drinking water standards and has determined that di-
(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate is a
widely used plasticizer, which is primarily used in the
production of polyvinyl chloride
(PVC)
resins.
It may
get into drinking water after improper waste disposal.
This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed to high levels during their
lifetimes.
U.~S~EPAhas set the drinking water
standard for di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate at 0.004 parts
per million
(ppm)
to protect against the risk of cancer
or other adverse health effects which have been
abserved in laboratory animals.
Drinking water that
meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little
to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.
63)
Dinoseb.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that dinoseb is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
Dinoseb is a widely used pesticide
and generally gets into water after application on
orchards, vineyards,
and other crops.
This chemical
has been shown to damage the thyroid and reproductive
organs in laboratory animals such as rats exposed to
high levels.
U~S~EPAhas set the drinking water
standard for dinoseb at 0.007 parts per million
(ppm)
to protect against the risk of these adverse health
effects.
Drinking water that meets the U~S~EPA
standard is associated with little to none of this risk
and is considered safe with respect to dinoseb.
64)
Diquat.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U.~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that diquat is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
This organic chemical is a
herbicide used to control terrestrial and aquatic
weeds.
It may get into drinking water by runoff into
surface water.
This chemical has been shown to damage
the liver,
kidney, and gastrointestinal tract and
causes cataract formation in laboratory animals such as
dogs and rats exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes.
U~S~EPAhas set the drinking water
standard for diquat at 0.02 parts per million
(ppm)
to
protect against the risk of these adverse health
effects.
Drinking water that meets the U~S~EPA
standard is associated with little to none of this risk
and
is considered safe with respect to diquat.
65)
Endothall.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U~S.EPA)
sets drinking water standards and has
116
determined that endothall is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure.
This organic chemical is a
herbicide used to control terrestrial and aquatic
weeds.
It may get into drinking water by runoff into
surface water.
This chemical has been shown to damage
the liver, kidney, gastrointestinal tract,
and
reproductive system of laboratory animals such as rats
and mice exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.
U~S~EPAhas set the drinking water standard for
endothall at 0.1 parts per million
(ppm)
to protect
against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the U~S~EPAstandard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to endothall.
66)
Endrin.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U.S~EPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that endrin
is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
This organic chemical is a
pesticide no longer registered for use in the United
States.
However, this pesticide is persistent in
treated soils and accumulates in sediments and aquatic
and terrestrial biota.
This chemical has been shown to
cause damage to the liver, kidney, and heart in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed to high levels during their
lifetimes.
U~S~EPAhas set the drinking water
standard for endrin at 0.002 parts per million
(ppm) to
protect against the risk of these adverse health
effects that have been observed in laboratory animals.
Drinking water that meets the U~S~EPAstandard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to endrin.
67)
Glyphosate.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that glyphosate is
a health concern at
certain levels of exposure.
This organic chemical
is a
herbicide used to control grasses and weeds.
It may
get into drinking water by runoff into surface water.
This chemical has been shown to cause damage to the
liver and kidneys in laboratory animals such as rats
and mice when the animals are exposed to high levels
during their lifetimes.
U~S.~EPAhas set the drinking
water standard for glyphosate at 0.7 parts per million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse
health effects.
Drinking water that meets the U.~.S~EPA
standard
is associated with little to none of this risk
and is considered safe with respect to glyphosate.
68)
Hexachlorobenzene.
The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water
117
standards and has determined that hexachlorobenzene is
a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This
organic chemical is produced as an impurity in the
manufacture of certain solvents and pesticides.
This
chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory
animals such as rats and mice when the animals are
exposed to high levels during their lifetimes.
Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also
may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are
exposed over long periods of time.
U~S~EPAhas set
the drinking water standard for hexachlorobenzene at
0.001 parts per million
(ppm) to protect against the
risk of cancer and other adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the U.~S~EPAstandard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to hexachlorobenzene.
69)
Hexachlorocycloperitadiene.
The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (U~S.~EPA)sets
drinking water standards and has determined that hexa—
chlorocyclopentadiene is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
This organic chemical is a used as
an intermediate in the manufacture of pesticides and
flame retardants.
It may get into water by discharge
from production facilities.
This chemical has been
shown to damage the kidney and the stomach of
laboratory animals when exposed to high levels during
their lifetimes.
U~S~EPAhas set the drinking water
standard for hexachlorocyclopentadiene at 0.05 parts
per million
(ppm)
to protect against the risk of these
adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the
U~S~EPAstandard is associated with little to none of
this risk and is considered safe with respect to hexa—
chlorocyclopentadiene.
70)
Oxamyl.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that oxamyl
is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
This organic chemical is used as a
pesticide for the control of insects and other pests.
It may get into drinking water by runoff into surface
water or leaching into ground water.
This chemical has
been shown to damage the kidneys of laboratory animals
such as rats when exposed at high levels during their
lifetimes.
U.S. EPA has set the drinking water
standard for oxamyl at 0.2 parts per million
(ppm)
to
protect against the risk of these adverse health
effects.
Drinking water that meets the U~S~EPA
standard is associated with little to none of this risk
and is considered safe with respect to oxamyl.
118
71)
Picloram.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U.~S~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that picloram is
a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
This organic chemical is used as a
pesticide for broadleaf weed control.
It may get into
drinking water by runoff into surface water or leaching
into groundwater as a result of pesticide application
and improper waste disposal.
This chemical has been
shown to cause damage to the kidneys and liver in
laboratory animals such as rats when the animals are
exposed to high levels during their lifetimes.
~
EPA has set the drinking water standard for picloram at
0.5 parts per million
(ppm)
to protect against the risk
of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water that
meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little
to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to picloram.
72)
Simazine.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U~S.~EPA)sets drinking water standards and has
determined that simazine is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
This organic chemical is a
herbicide used to control annual grasses and broadleaf
weeds.
It may leach into groundwater or run off into
surface water after application.
This chemical may
cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and
mice when the animals are exposed to high levels during
their lifetimes.
Chemicals that cause cancer in
laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer
in humans who are exposed over long periods of time.
U~S~EPAhas set the drinking water standard for
simazirie at 0.004 parts per million
(ppm)
to reduce the
risk of cancer or adverse health effects.
Drinking
water that meets the U~S~EPAstandard is associated
with little to none of this risk and is considered safe
with respect to simazine.
73)
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene.
The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (U.~S~EPA)sets
drinking water standards and has determined that
1,2,4—trichlorobenzene is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure.
This organic chemical is used as a
dye carrier and as a precursor in herbicide
manufacture.
It generally gets into drinking water by
discharges from industrial activities.
This chemical
has been shown to cause damage to several organs,
including the adrenal glands.
U.~S~EPAhas set the
drinking water standard for 1,2,4—trichlorobenzene at
0.07 parts per million
(ppm) to protect against the
risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water
that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with
119
little to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to 1, 2
,
4—trichlorobenzene.
74)
1,1,2-Trichioroethane.
The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (U~S.~EPA)sets drinking water
standards and has determined that 1,1,2-trichloroethane
is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This organic chemical
is an intermediate in the
production of l,1-dichloroethylene.
It generally gets
into water by industrial discharge of wastes.
This
chemical has been shown to damage the kidney and liver
of laboratory animals such as rats exposed to high
levels during their
lifetimes.
U~S~EPAhas set the
drinking water standard for 1,1,2—trichloroethane at
0.005 parts per million
(ppm)
to protect against the
risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water
that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with
little to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to 1,1,2—trichloroethane.
75)
2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin).
The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (U.~S.~EPA)sets drinking water
standards and has determined that dioxin is
a health
concern at certain levels of exposure.
This organic
chemical is an impurity in the production of some
pesticides.
It may get into drinking water by
industrial discharge of wastes.
This chemical has been
shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as
rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high
levels during their lifetimes.
Chemicals that cause
cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk
of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
of time.
U~S~EPAhas set the drinking water standard
for dioxin at 0.00000003 parts per million
(ppm) to
protect against the risk of cancer or other adverse
health effects.
Drinking water that meets the U~S~EPA
standard
is associated with little to none of this risk
and is considered safe with respect to dioxin.
BOARD
NOTE:
Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(e)
(1992-1),
as
amended at
57
Fed.
flog.
31843
(July 17,
1992).
(Source:
Amended at 18
Ill. Reg.
effective
)
120
I, Dorothy M.
Gunn, Clerk of the Illinois Pollution Control
Board, hereby certify that the ab
e opinion and order was
adogted on the ~/-.c~4’dayof
___________,
1994, by a vote of
Control Board
