TITLE 35: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
SUBTITLE B: WASTE DISPOSAL
SUBCHAPTER I: SOLID WASTE AND SPECIAL WASTE HAULING
PART
816
ALTERNATIVE STANDARDS FOR COAL COMBUSTION POWER
GENERATING FACILITIES WASTE LANDFILLS
Section
816.500 Scope and Applicability
816.510 Poz-O-Tec Liners and Caps
816.520 Poz-O-Tec Monofills
816.530 Testing of Poz-O-Tec Liners and Caps, and Poz-O-Tec Monofills
AUTHORITY: Implementing Sections 5, 21, 21.1, 22, 22.17 and 28.1 and authorized by
Section 27 of the Environmental Protection Act [415 ILCS 5/5, 21, 21.1, 22, 22.17, 28.1
and 27].
SOURCE: Adopted in R96-1 at 20 Ill. Reg.12614, effective August 15, 1996.
Section 816.500 Scope and Applicability
a) Except as otherwise specified in this Subpart, landfills receiving solely
flue gas desulfurization (FGD) sludges and coal combustion wastes
produced by coal combustion power generating facilities shall be
designed, constructed and operated in compliance with all applicable
requirements of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 811, 812 and 815.
b) All general provisions of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 810 apply to this Part.
Section 816.510 Poz-O-Tec Liners and Caps
Notwithstanding the liner and cap requirements set forth at 35 Ill. Adm. Code 811.306,
811.314 (solely to the extent that it may preclude Poz-O-Tec materials from being used
as a landfill cap or liner) and 811.507(a)(5), FGD sludges and coal combustion waste
produced by coal combustion power generating facilities may be used for liner or cap
construction for the purposes of Subpart C of Part 811, provided that:
a) These raw FGD sludges and coal combustion wastes have been processed
into Poz-O-Tec materials;
b) The permeability of the liner constructed of Poz-O-Tec material is
demonstrated to be less than or equal to 1 x 10
-7
cm/sec after placement
and curing based upon a geometric average of the permeability testing
results prior to the placement of any waste upon the liner;
c) The Poz-O-Tec material has an unconfirmed compressive strength of
greater than or equal to 150 psi based upon an arithmetic average of the
strength testing results obtained in accordance with Section 816.530(c) of
this Part;
d) The bottom liner has a minimum thickness of three feet but this thickness
may be increased as necessary to make the demonstrations required by 35
Ill. Adm. Code 812 or 815;
e) The base of the liner is constructed at least five feet above the average
historical groundwater table;
f) Only coal combustion wastes and FGD sludges produced from power
generating facilities are placed into the landfill;
g) A final cover system is installed in accordance with the requirements of 35
Ill. Adm. Code 811.314 except that the low permeability layer of the cap
shall consist of Poz-O-Tec materials which are at least three feet thick;
h) The material testing procedures specified in Section 816.530 are
implemented;
i) The landfill is designed, constructed and operated in compliance with all
applicable requirements of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 811, 812 and 815;
j) The bottom liner and low permeability layer of the cap are constructed
according to a construction quality assurance program in accordance with
35 Ill. Adm. Code 811.Subpart E;
k) An acceptable groundwater impact assessment pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm.
Code 811.317(b), 812.316, 813.304, or 815.203, as appropriate for the
given facility, is submitted to the Agency by the owner or operator;
l) A test liner is constructed by the owner or operator, so that all that remains
is the curing of the test liner, before construction of the actual full-scale
liner of Poz-O-Tec material may commence, in accordance with 35 Ill.
Adm. Code 811.507(a)(1) through (4). The test liner must be fully
evaluated in accordance with Section 816.530 and the results must be
provided to the Agency. If the test liner evaluation results indicate a
failure of the test liner to meet any of the performance standards in this
Section, and if the Agency so directs, the user must excavate and properly
dispose of all Poz-O-Tec liners at the site, as well as any waste deposited
in and around such liners; and
m) Owners or operators using Poz-O-Tec materials in accordance with this
Section shall comply with the Illinois Environmental Protection Act (415
ILCS 5/1 et seq.) and 35 Ill. Adm. Code 807, 810, and 811, to the extent
those provisions are not otherwise addressed herein.
Section 816.520 Poz-O-Tec Monofills
Any monofill receiving solely FGD sludges and coal combustion wastes produced by
coal combustion power generating facilities shall be exempt from the requirements of 35
Ill. Adm. Code 811.105 (solely as it relates to the placement of wastes at the lowest part
of the active face), 811.306, 811.307, 811.308, 811.309, 811.313 (solely as it relates to
soil cover), 811.314(b)(3)(C) (solely to the extent that it may preclude Poz-O-Tec
materials from being used as a landfill cap) and 811.321 (relating solely to waste
placement), provided that:
a) The FGD sludges and coal combustion wastes have been processed into
Poz-O-Tec materials;
b) The permeability of the liner constructed of Poz-O-Tec material is
demonstrated to be less than or equal to 1 x 10
-7
cm/sec after placement
and curing based upon a geometric average of those cylinders tested for
permeability which were formed from a single sample in accordance with
Section 816.530(b);
c) The Poz-O-Tec material has an unconfined compressive strength of
greater than or equal to 150 psi using an arithmetic average of the strength
testing results obtained in accordance with Section 816.530;
d) The base of the monofill is constructed at least five feet above the average
historical groundwater table;
e) A monofill liner and low permeability cap is constructed from the Poz-O-
Tec materials as described in Section 816.510;
f) A drainage layer is constructed atop the monofill liner which has a
permeability greater than or equal to 1 x 10
-3
cm/sec which extends over
the entire liner system of the monofill;
g) The material is placed in such a manner that it will form a monolithic
block through placement of the material in one to two foot lifts, which are
compacted, rolled to smooth and graded and sloped such that any rainfall
rapidly runs off the upper surface without puddling;
h) At all times a berm is maintained around three sides of the landfill mass
and the grading is such that the run-off is directed toward the open side
where it is collected for reuse or treated (if necessary) and discharged
pursuant to an NPDES permit;
i) The material testing procedures specified in Section 816.530 are
implemented;
j) Construction of the full scale monofill may commence immediately upon
completion of the test pad;
k) An acceptable groundwater impact assessment pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm.
Code 811.371(b), 812.316, 813.304, or 815.203, as appropriate for the
given facility, is prepared; and
l) Owners or operators using the Poz-O-Tec materials in accordance with
this section shall comply with the Illinois Environmental Protection Act
[415 ILCS 5] and 35 Ill. Adm. Code 811, to the extent those provisions are
not otherwise addressed herein.
Section 816.530 Testing of Poz-O-Tec Liners and Caps and Poz-O-Tec
Monofills
The owner or operator shall implement the following material testing procedures for
testing Poz-O-Tec liners and caps and Poz-O-Tec Monofills:
a) Creation and Sampling of Test Pad
1) The owner or operator shall construct a test pad in accordance with
35 Ill. Adm. Code 811.507(a), unless such construction is waived
by the Agency pursuant to subsection (b) of that section;
2) The test pad shall be allowed to cure for 56 days at 73
o
Fahrenheit
(or equivalent cure);
3) After curing, fifty samples shall be taken using a 4 inch diameter
coring bit; and
4) The specimens shall be trimmed to proctor cylinder size utilizing
an abrasive blade masonry saw, and tested for unconfined
compressive strength and coefficient of permeability as described
in subsection C, below. Of the specimens taken from the pad, 20
shall be analyzed for their coefficient of permeability and 30 shall
be analyzed for their unconfined compressive strength.
b) Collection of Production Samples
The owner or operator shall collect samples from the production of Poz-O-Tec in
the following manner:
1) Utilizing a large scoop, five gallon buckets of freshly produced
material shall be collected at uniform intervals during construction
of the test pad and shipped to a laboratory for analysis.
2) Five proctor cylinder specimens shall be prepared from each
bucket of freshly produced material. Three of these five cylinders
shall be tested for unconfined compressive strength and the other
two shall be tested for permeability.
3) Additional uncured samples shall be taken as necessary for
preparation and testing to determine moisture content, lime
content, the ratio of fly ash to sludge and in-place density. Testing
for these parameters shall be conducted in accordance with
standard test methods.
c) Strength and Permeability Testing
1) Uncured samples shall be taken to a laboratory, placed into proctor
cylinders, compacted to simulate field conditions, cured in sealed
containers for 56 days at 73
o
(or equivalent cure) and tested for
coefficient of permeability and unconfined strength using the
following test methods, which are incorporated by reference in 35
Ill. Adm. Code 810.104:
A) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Engineering Manual
1110-2-1906 Appendix VII, Falling-Heal
Permeability Test with Permeameter Cylinder.
B) ASTM Method D5102; Standard Method for
Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive
Soils.
2) Field samples shall be tested using the same methods as specified
in subsection (c)(1) above.
d) Data Correlation
Laboratory data and field data shall be compared to determine any
statistically significant differences using standard statistical
correlation methodologies.
e) Subsequent Testing
Upon completion of field verification, as described above in (c)(2),
the owner or operator of the site shall conduct quality
control/quality assurance testing by taking monthly samples of
freshly produced Poz-O-Tec materials and sending those samples
to a laboratory where they shall be formed into proctor cylinder
specimens for testing. Two of those samples shall be tested for
their coefficient of permeability, three for unconfined compressive
strength, and one each for the parameters set forth in subsection
(b)(3) above. Laboratory testing for permeability and strength
must be conducted in accordance with the test methods referenced
in subsection (c) above. Test results must demonstrate a
coefficient of permeability of less than or equal to 1 x 10
-7
cm/sec
using a geometric average of the permeability testing results, and
an unconfined compressive strength of greater than or equal to 150
psi using an arithmetic average of the strength testing results.