TITLE 35: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

SUBTITLE C: WATER POLLUTION

CHAPTER II: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

PART 391

DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SLUDGE APPLICATION ON LAND

SUBPART A: INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONS

Section

391.101 Purpose

391.102 Definitions

SUBPART B: PERMIT REQUIREMENTS FOR SLUDGE GENERATORS, DISTRIBUTORS AND USERS

Section

391.201 Persons Requiring Permits

391.202 Permit Application Requirements

391.203 Permit Requirements

391.204 Public Distribution Programs

SUBPART C: TRANSPORT AND STORAGE DESIGN CRITERIA

Section

391.301 Sludge Transport Design

391.302 Sludge Storage Design

391.303 Off-Site Interim Storage of Liquid Anaerobic Sludge

391.304 Off-Site Interim Storage of Liquid Aerobic Sludge

391.305 Off-Site Interim Storage of Dried Sludge

SUBPART D: SLUDGE APPLICATION DESIGN CRITERIA

Section

391.401 Introduction

391.402 General Criteria

391.403 Application Buffer Area

391.404 Site Characteristics

391.405 Water Treatment Plant Sludge

391.410 Nutrient Loading

391.411 Nitrogen

391.412 Phosphorus

391.413 Potassium

391.420 Heavy Metal Loading

391.430 Site Monitoring

391.440 Additional Precautions

391.450 Land Reclamation Projects

SUBPART E: SAMPLE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

Section

391.501 Sludge Sampling and Analysis

391.502 Collection of Sludge Samples

391.503 Analyses of Sludge Samples

391.510 Collection of Soil Samples

391.511 Analyses of Soil Samples

391.520 Groundwater Sampling and Analyses

391.530 Plant Tissue Sampling and Analyses

APPENDIX A Applicable Board Rules From 35 Ill. Adm. Code: Subtitle C,

Chapter I

APPENDIX B Fertilizer Requirements for Illinois Crops

APPENDIX C Average County Crop Yields

APPENDIX D Sample Calculations of Sewage Sludge Application Rates

APPENDIX E Sample Calculations of Water Treatment Plant Lime Sludge

Application Rates

APPENDIX F General Buffer Area, Geological and Topographic Criteria

for Sludge Application

APPENDIX G Sludge User Information Sheet

APPENDIX H Public Distribution Information Sheet

APPENDIX I Water Treatment Plant Sludge User Information Sheet

AUTHORITY: Implementing and authorized by Section 4(g) of the

Environmental Protection Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 111 1/2 par.

1004(g)) and by 35 Ill. Adm. Code 309.155, 309.208(e), and 309.262.

SOURCE: Adopted and codified at 7 Ill. Reg. 16834, effective December 14,

1983.

SUBPART A: INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONS

Section 391.101 Purpose

a) The purpose of this document is to present criteria for

transporting, storing and applying sludge on land in an

environmentally acceptable manner. This document identifies

methods of sludge transportation, handling, storage, application

and monitoring to control potential environmental problems.

b) These criteria are to be used for the design and operation of

sludge management plans required to obtain permits from the

Division of Water Pollution Control. More specifically, these

criteria apply to municipal and private domestic sewage and water

treatment plants that include the land application of sludge for

final disposal.

c) These criteria apply to projects for the land application of

sludge that has been determined to be non-hazardous and non-toxic.

Hazardous or toxic sludge disposal is regulated under either the

Resource Conservation Recovery Act, 42 USC 6901 et seq. (1982 as

amended) or the Toxic Substances Control Act, 15 USC 2601 et seq.

(1982 as amended) respectively, as promulgated by United States

Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). These rules do not

relieve sludge generators, users or distributors of compliance

with Federal regulations.

Section 391.102 Definitions

"Agronomic Rates for Sludge Application": An application rate of

sludge sufficient to supply that quantity of plant nutrients that

can reasonably be expected to be utilized by agricultural crops as

determined pursuant to Section 391.410.

"Application": The placement of sludge on or under the land

surface.

"Cation Exchange Capacity": The sum of exchangeable cations a

soil can absorb expressed in milli-equivalents per 100 grams of

soil as determined by the summation method for distinctly acid

soils or the sodium acetate method for neutral, calcareous or

saline soils.

"Digested Sludge": Sludge digested under either aerobic or

anaerobic conditions until the volatile content has been reduced

to the point at which the solids are relatively nonputrescible and

inoffensive.

"Dried Sludge": Sludge that has been dewatered by a mechanical

device, drying beds or other means such that it can be transported

and handled as a solid material. Normally, this will be a minimum

of 15% total solids.

"Heavy Metals": Metals with a high specific gravity, including

but not limited to cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc

(Zn), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni).

"Incorporation": To mix sludge with the soil, concurrent with

application, in the upper horizon by such means as injection,

discing, or plowing.

"Liquid Sludge": Sludge that is readily pumpable and must be

transported by a closed vessel. Normally, this will be a maximum

of 8% total solids.

"Management Scheme or Management Plan": A program devised by a

sludge generator or user that specifies how they will properly

transport, store and dispose of sludge for which they are

responsible. This would include but not be limited to on-site or

off-site storage, seasonal operation, with all proposed disposal

techniques and criteria to be followed.

"Natric Soils": Soils having 15% or more millequivalents of

exchangeable sodium within the solum.

"Off-Site Interim Storage": The storage of sludge off the

treatment plant site from where it was generated but does not

include sludge in the transporting vehicle.

"Plant Nutrients": Those forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium

and micro-nutrients which are absorbed by agricultural crops and

provide the necessary food for the plant's maintenance and growth.

"Public Distribution": A program by a sludge generator that

allows the general public to obtain sludge for individual use but

does not include sludge users who may be under contract with the

sludge generator or persons receiving sludge for commercial

agricultural use.

"Reclamation": The improvement of disturbed soils by addition of

sludge materials which would allow the establishment and

maintenance of vegetation.

"Sludge Distributor": A sludge user who is not a sludge generator

but who sells or gives away sludge regardless of its origin.

"Sludge Generator": A person who produces sludge by treating

water or wastewater by a treatment works or pretreatment works.

"Sludge User": A person who obtains sludge from a sludge

generator for application on his land or land under his control.

"Stabilized Sludge": The product of biological, chemical, heat or

other type of sludge treatment that results in a relatively

nonputrescible and inoffensive material.

"Utilization": The application of sludge on land for

agriculatural, horticultural, silvicultural, or other beneficial

purposes at such rates that the nutrients can be expected to be

utilized by plant growth.

SUBPART B: PERMIT REQUIREMENTS FOR SLUDGE GENERATORS, DISTRIBUTORS AND USERS

Section 391.201 Persons Requiring Permits

a) Persons applying sludge on land are required to obtain a permit

unless exempted by 35 Ill. Adm. Code 309.208.

b) Persons that have not been exempted include the following:

1) All sludge generators intending to apply sludge on land

including but not limited to agricultural land, treatment

plant grounds, disturbed soils, sod farms or have a public

distribution program are required to obtain an Agency permit,

either in a separate construction and/or operating state

permit pursuant to Subpart B of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 309 for new

or existing treatment works, or as part of a National

Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit;

2) Sludge distributors who sell or give away sludge at a rate

exceeding the equivalent of 1500 dry tons per year are

required to obtain an Agency permit or be included as part of

a sludge management plan in a sludge generator's permit;

3) Sludge users who apply sludge to sites greater than 300 acres

under common ownership or control in any year or apply more

than 1500 dry tons of sludge per year are required to obtain

an Agency permit unless the site is specifically identified

in an Agency permitted sludge generator management plan;

4) Sludge users are required to obtain an Agency permit if

special circumstances exist such that a permit is required to

protect the environment or public health;

5) Sludge generators or users constructing or operating

permanent sludge transfer or receiving stations, permanent

liquid sludge storage facilities or permanent dried sludge

stockpile areas are required to obtain an Agency permit

unless these facilities are approved in a sludge management

plan as part of a sludge generator permit.

Section 391.202 Permit Application Requirements

a) Sludge permit applications shall include, as a minimum, the

following:

1) Schedule WPC-PS-1

2) Schedule G

3) Laboratory Analysis Sheet

4) Agronomic Calculations

5) Sludge Management Plan Narrative

The sludge management plan narrative shall include, as a

minimum, the following items:

A) method of application such as liquid or dry sludge,

incorporation or surface application and the equipment

used;

B) sludge application site characteristics such as

proximity to streams, wells and groundwater, soil types,

slopes, runoff control, distance to dwellings and roads,

crops and yields;

C) contingencies such as differences in seasonal

operations, method of sludge handling or storage,

supporting calcuations for storage facility operation

during periods when sludge cannot be land applied, and

name, location and permit numbers of landfills used

during contingency periods;

D) copy of sludge user information sheet(s) containing

information outlined in Appendix G, H or I;

E) heavy metal loadings at proposed sludge application

rate.

6) If a specific utilization site has been chosen, then a letter

of acceptance by the site owner (if different than the sludge

generator) shall be included in the application for permit.

User sheets may be signed by the site owner in lieu of a

separate letter. If sites are specifically identified in a

permit application by the generator, the following minimum

information shall be submitted:

A) the location and acreage of the sludge application site

shown on a United States Geological Survey (USGS) map or

plat map (or clear reproduction of one of these maps);

B) a soil survey map with a description of the soils as

provided by a published soil survey;

C) previous and expected crop yields for crops to be grown;

D) slope of application site;

E) depth to mean annual water table;

F) soil pH and cation exchange capacity; and

G) special considerations for sludge application rates and

operating techniques for the specific site.

b) All permit renewal applications shall identify sludge application

sites and include the information required in Subsection (a)(6)

above, unless a generator provides for sludge disposal by

contract. If a generator has developed a sludge utilization

program with numerous users, the generator shall identify the 10

largest users and provide the information in Subsection (a)(6) in

the permit renewal application.

Section 391.203 Permit Requirements

a) A sludge generator is responsible for complying with the sludge

management plan set forth in its permit. If sludge is transferred

to any person who requires off-site interim storage, or is applied

by a person other than the generator, the user shall also be

responsible for its utilization in full compliance with the

generator's sludge management plan and its permit. Sludge

generators shall be responsible for informing all the sludge users

of the sludge quality and shall recommend application rates for

the user's specific needs.

b) In order to minimize odor potential and reduce pathogen organism

content, wastewater sludges must be digested or stablized prior to

application. During situations when NPDES effluent violations may

exist and no landfill is accessible, land application of partially

stabilized sludge shall be allowed when approved by Agency permit.

c) Sludge generators with sludge utilization permits from the Agency

may sell or give away quantities of liquid or dried sludge in

excess of one equivalent semi-trailer truck load, (approximately

25 cubic yards) per year to a sludge user provided the sludge user

completes and signs an information sheet. As a minimum, the

information sheet must contain the items outlined in Appendix G, H

or I of this Part. These signed sheets are to be retained by the

sludge generator (with a copy to the user) for inspection

throughout the duration of their permit and for two years

following the expiration date of the permit. Sludge records shall

include:

1) Date of sludge shipment or application;

2) Weather conditions when delivered;

3) Location of sludge destination;

4) Amount of sludge applied or delivered;

5) Analysis of sludge pursuant to generator's permit;

d) Sludge generators with sludge utilization permits from the Agency

may sell or give away quantities of liquid or dried sludge less

than or equal to one semi-trailer truck load (approximately 25

cubic yards) per year to a sludge user without keeping records of

such users as stated in (c) above. The sludge generator shall

provide an information sheet as described in Appendix G, H or I to

each sludge user.

e) Sludge generators and users that receive permits must monitor

their sludge quality, provide soil and groundwater analyses and

(when required) report to the Agency as specified in Sections

391.430, 391.440 and 391.501 or in the permit issued by the

Agency. Sludge users that receive permits shall submit monthly

reports to the Agency which shall include the following minimal

information:

1) Permit number and name of sludge generator;

2) Date of sludge transfer;

3) Volume of sludge transferred;

4) Location of application sites;

5) Most recent chemical analysis of the sludge applied;

6) Application rate and metal loading rate;

7) Method of application.

Section 391.204 Public Distribution Programs

a) General

Public distribution programs are acceptable to the Agency under

certain conditions and shall be included in a generator's sludge

management plan. Sludge can be used by the general public as a

soil amendment provided the public is properly informed of the

nature of the material they are utilizing. Information sheets are

necessary for all public distribution programs describing the

constituents in the sludge, how to properly apply the sludge and

must contain the items outlined in Appendix H.

b) Specific Requirements

1) Sludge which contains more than 25 mg Cd/kg (dry weight

basis) shall not be distributed to the general public.

2) Sludge application rates for public distribution programs

shall not exceed 10 dry tons per acre per year.

3) Information sheets as described in Appendix H shall be

provided to all persons receiving sludge under public

distribution programs. Information sheets must be retained

by the sludge generator as specified in Sections 391.203(c)

and (d).

4) The Agency does not recommend that leafy or root crop

vegetables (such as lettuce, Swiss chard, spinach, potatoes,

carrots, horseradish, etc.) be grown on sludge amended land.

5) The sludge must be transported, stored and applied in

accordance with Subpart C and D.

6) Only dried sludge shall be distributed to the general public.

SUBPART C: TRANSPORT AND STORAGE DESIGN CRITERIA

Section 391.301 Sludge Transport Design

Sludge shall be transported from the treatment plant to the application

site or storage facilities in accordance with the following criteria:

a) Liquid sludge shall be transported in a closed vessel which shall

not allow any leakage or spillage on any public road or right of

way;

b) Pipelines transporting liquid sludge shall be made of material and

joints so as to eliminate leakage or spillage;

c) Open dump trucks may be utilized for transporting dewatered sludge

(greater than 15% total solids) if equipped and operated so as to

prevent spillage or wind-blown particles. If the travel distance

exceeds 10 miles (one way), the person transporting the sludge

shall consider covering or enclosing the vehicle to prevent

spillage or wind-blown particles;

d) Sludge transfer or receiving stations shall be designed and

constructed to prevent or contain any leakage or spillage of

sludge.

Section 391.302 Sludge Storage Design

a) General

Off-site interim storage of sludge has created odors, spillage,

leachate and other environmental problems. Consequently, the

Agency discourages sludge management plans that require off-site

interim sludge storage. Where no other feasible alternative

exists, the applicant shall consider the following criteria.

b) Specific Criteria for Off-site Interim Storage of Liquid or Dried

Sludge

1) Off-site interim storage of liquid or dried sludge shall not

exceed 8 months.

2) Provide a fence to preclude livestock and warning signs

designating the nature of the facility and advising against

trespassing.

3) Reduce visibility of storage site to general public and

maximize distance between site and any habitation.

4) Use topographic features or wind breaks to take advantage of

wind effects of dispersion and/or reducing the movement of

odorants away from the source.

5) Use wind breaks to prevent wave action in lagoons.

6) Reduce exposed surface area by designing the deepest

practical and acceptable storage facility.

7) Provide mixing equipment to maximize ease of removal of

liquid sludge from the storage facility and provide a

homogeneous mixture. Such equipment should not generate

aerosols.

8) Only sludge that is stabilized so that odor production will

not occur may be placed in off-site interim storage

facilities.

9) In the event unexpected odor conditions do occur, the

responsible party managing the off-site storage facilities

shall be prepared to install and/or operate acceptable

emergency odor control measures.

10) Off-site interim storage facilities shall not be located

proximate to potable water supplies and other facilities

subject to contamination. Facilities should not be located

in areas of porous soils and fissured rock formations. If

such location is necessary the facility shall be designed and

constructed to protect groundwater and groundwater monitoring

in accordance with Section 391.440 shall be provided.

Section 391.303 Off-Site Interim Storage of Liquid Anaerobic Sludge

The Agency will not issue a permit for the off-site interim open storage of

liquid anaerobic sludge unless the applicant submits proof that the storage

facility will not cause or threaten to allow air or water pollution. In

addition to the general criteria under Section 391.302(b), the following

items shall be addressed by the applicant in the design of closed storage

facilities.

a) Closed storage facilities shall have an air breather vent pipe(s)

capped to preclude the entrance of precipitation. Minimum height

from top of vent to ground level shall be 10 feet.

b) Appropriate signs shall be posted in the immediate vicinity of the

storage facility, which as a minimum must state, "Danger - No

Smoking."

c) Closed storage facilities shall incorporate into the vent system

adsorptive devices to minimize emissions of odorants.

d) An alarm system shall be installed in the storage container vapor

space to actuate should an explosive situation be produced in the

storage facility.

e) Electrical equipment in, on or in the immediate vicinity of the

closed storage facility shall comply with the National Electric

Code requirements adopted by the National Fire Protection

Association, 1981 for Class 1, Group D, Division 1 locations. Any

forced air ventilation equipment shall be fabricated from

nonsparking material.

f) Operating personnel access shall be provided for all closed liquid

storage facilities. Self-contained oxygen-supplying equipment

shall be available for use upon entrance into such facilities.

g) Closed liquid storage facilities must be constructed with

relatively impermeable materials such as clay, concrete, synthetic

liner or equivalent.

Section 391.304 Off-Site Interim Storage of Liquid Aerobic Sludge

In addition to the general criteria under Section 391.302(b), the following

items shall be addressed by the applicant in the design.

a) The site is isolated from residential and commercial developments.

b) The storage facility must be constructed with relatively

impermeable materials such as clay, concrete, synthetic liner or

equivalent.

c) Aeration equipment is provided and maintains a measurable amount

of dissolved oxygen.

Section 391.305 Off-Site Interim Storage of Dried Sludge

Off-site interim storage of dried sludge less than 2 months are considered

temporary storage facilities and do not require an Agency permit. Off-site

interim storage of dried sludge equal to or greater than 2 months are

considered permanent storage facilities and do require an Agency permit.

In addition to the general criteria under Section 391.302(b), the following

items shall be addressed by the applicant in the design.

a) The stockpiles are contained and runoff is controlled.

b) Leachate shall be contained and provisions made to protect

groundwater.

c) The stockpiles are not subject to flooding.

d) Sludge storage is isolated from commercial and residential

developments.

SUBPART D: SLUDGE APPLICATION DESIGN CRITERIA

Section 391.401 Introduction

Sludge shall be applied to land in accordance with the following criteria,

except as approved otherwise in a specific permit issued pursuant to Ill.

Adm. Code 309.208(f).

Section 391.402 General Criteria

a) Sludge shall be applied as soon as possible after transport to the

application site, unless storage is provided in compliance with

the sludge storage criteria.

b) Sludge shall not be applied on land:

1) During precipitation;

2) Which is saturated or with ponded water.

c) It is not recommended that sludge be applied on land:

1) When precipitation is imminent;

2) Which has received greater than 1/4 inch rainfall within the

24 hour period preceding the intended application time.

d) Sludge applied to natric soils shall be incorporated.

e) Sludge shall be applied at or below the annual nitrogen or

phosphorus agronomic rate as calculated using the nutrient loading

criteria pursuant to Section 391.410 for the crops grown or the

heavy metal loading criteria pursuant to Section 391.420.

f) Unless surface application is allowed by Section 391.404(a) or

specified in a permit, sludge shall be incorporated as soon as

possible after application to prevent odor emission and runoff

potential. Sludge shall be incorporated within 48 hours or prior

to any rainfall after application whichever is more restrictive.

g) Sludge shall not be applied to sites used for growing of

commercial truck gardening fruits and vegetables that are grown

and sold for direct human consumption. For public distribution

programs, it is not recommended that sludge be applied to sites

for individual use that may grow leafy (lettuce, spinach, Swiss

chard, etc.) or root (potatoes, carrots, horseradish, etc.)

vegetables unless the following conditions are met:

1) The application rate does not exceed 10 dry tons/acre per

year;

2) The sludge does not contain more than 10 mg Cd/Kg (dry weight

basis);

3) The sludge has been aged for approximately 3 years after

digestion or stabilization;

4) All vegetables are thoroughly washed or cooked prior to

consumption;

5) Comply with Subsection 391.402 (a), (b), (c), (d), (f), (i),

(j), (k), 391.403(d) and 301.404(d) as listed herein.

h) Liquid sludge shall not be applied by spray irrigation facilities

unless specifically permitted by the Agency. Spray irrigation

operations will be considered for permits if the applicant

demonstrates the environmental acceptability of the project with

particular attention to the following items:

1) Type of sludge digestion utilized;

2) Isolation from habitation;

3) Buffer areas from application sites;

4) Water balance and storage requirements;

5) Spray irrigation equipment design and operational procedures;

6) Sludge characteristics pursuant to Subpart E in this rule;

7) Compliance with other criteria listed in this rule.

i) Wind direction and velocity, humidity and the day of the week

shall also be considered prior to sludge transport and

applications with respect to neighboring activities.

j) Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Hazardous Waste

1) Sludge containing concentrations of Polychlorinated Biphenyls

(PCBs) equal to or greater than 10 mg/kg (dry weight basis)

must be incorporated into the soil when applied to land used

for producing animal feed, including pasture crops for

animals raised for milk. Incorporation of the sludge into

the soil is not required if it is assured that the PCB

content is less than 0.2 mg/kg (actual weight) in animal feed

or less than 1.5 mg/kg (fat basis) in milk.

2) Sludge containing concentrations of PCBs equal to or greater

than 50 mg/kg (dry weight basis) shall not be land applied

and are subject to the Toxic Substances Control Act (15

U.S.C. 2601 et seq. (1982)).

3) Sludge which exhibits the characteristics of a hazardous

waste defined in 40 CFR 261.20 (1983) shall not be land

applied unless it is performed in accordance with 40 CFR 264

Subpart M (1983) and Illinois Pollution Control Board (IPCB)

rules under Title 35, Subtitle G, Chapter I. It is the

generator's responsibility to make this determination.

k) Sludge must be properly stabilized or digested to reduce odor

potential and pathogen content of the sludge prior to land

application. Acceptable methods include but are not limited to

aerobic digestion, anaerobic digestion, composting and lime

stabilization.

1) If the treatment plant sludge digestion process units are

designed and operated within the requirements set forth in

Illinois Recommended Standards for Sewage Works, the sludge

will normally be assumed to be stablized for land

application.

2) If the sludge is to be composted or lime stabilized, the

process must be designed and operated in accordance with the

definitions of composting and lime stabilization specified in

40 CFR 257 Appendix II, Section A (1983).

3) For facilities not meeting the above requirements or for

other methods not mentioned, the Agency will require that

sludge analysis and engineering data be submitted by the

applicant to prove that stabilization and pathogen kill is

obtained.

l) If the sludge is disposed of by burial on the treatment plant

grounds, the site must be designed and operated in accordance with

the regulations adopted pursuant to Title V of the Environmental

Protection Act.

Section 391.403 Application Buffer Area

a) Sludge application with immediate incorporation or injection shall

not be done closer than 20 feet from any occupied dwelling or 10

feet from the closest edge of traveled portions of a public road

or outside roadway fence lines.

b) Sludge application with no immediate incorporation shall not be

done closer than 200 feet from any occupied dwelling or 20 feet

from the closet edge of traveled portions of a primary and

secondary public roads or 10 feet from the closest edge of lesser

utilized public roads or outside roadway fence lines.

c) Sludge application by ridge and furrow shall not be done closer

than 200 feet from any occupied dwelling or the closest edge of

traveled portions of a public road or outside roadway fence lines.

d) Sludge shall not be applied on land which lies within 150 feet

from wells used to supply potable water or other potable water

supplies and 200 feet from surface waters or intermittent streams;

or within one-fourth of a mile of any potable water supply wells

located in consolidated bedrock such as limestone or sinkhole

areas unless a 50 foot depth of non-sandy or non-gravelly

unconsolidated material exists.

e) Sludge shall not be applied or discharged to streams, waterways

which are grassed or otherwise, or those flood plains having a

return frequency mor often than a 10 year frequency.

f) Sludge application by low pressure spray irrigation systems (less

than 50 psi) shall not be done closer than 200 feet from any

occupied dwelling, closest edge of traveled portion of public

road, surface waters, waterways or floodplains as measured from

the outer boundary of the spray pattern. The wind velocity shall

be less than 15 mph during spray irrigation periods.

g) Sludge application by high pressure spray irrigation systems

(greater than 50 psi) shall not be done closer than 1000 feet from

any occupied dwelling, closest edge of traveled portion of public

road, surface waters, waterways or floodplains as measured from

the outer boundary of the spray pattern. The wind velocity shall

be less than 15 mph during spray irrigation periods.

Section 391.404 Site Characteristics

a) Sludge shall not be surface applied without incorporation to farm

land having greater than 5% slope. If the slope does exceed 5%,

surface application can be used providing the annual soil loss

does not exceed 5 tons/acre as calculated by the Universal Soil

Loss Equation found in the University of Illinois Cooperative

Extension Service Circular, "Estimating your soil erosion losses

with USLE", revised May 1980 or in USDA Agricultural Handbook

#537, "Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses", December 1978.

b) Sludge may be incorporated on lands having slopes up to eight

percent, irrespective of soil loss. If the slope exceeds eight

percent, incorporation methods may be used providing the annual

soil loss does not exceed five tons per acre as calculated by the

Universal Soil Loss Equation.

c) For sludge applied soils having the following infiltration rates

as determined by standard percolation tests or from information

contained in soil surveys, the listed minimum soil depth to the

mean annual water table shall be adhered to:

1) Greater than 2 inches/hour -- 10 feet;

2) Less than or equal to 2 inches/hour -- 5 feet.

d) Unless otherwise allowed by Section 391.450, sludge applied land

must have a background soil pH of 6.5 or greater or liming of the

land is required prior to sludge application to raise the soil pH

to a minimum of 6.5. Note that some liming techniques of the soil

do not immediately raise the soil pH. Considerable time is

usually required. Water treatment plant lime softening sludge may

be used to raise the soil pH.

e) Pasture or hay ground that has received surface applied sludge

shall not be harvested or used for livestock grazing for a period

of at least one month after sludge application or until

precipitation of sufficient duration and intensity has occurred

and washed all sludge from the area of the plant which can be

injested by an animal, whichever time period is greater.

f) Frozen ground which is not ice or snow covered and has a slope of

5% or less may be used for winter spreading providing a 200 feet

grassy area exists between the sludge applied land and any surface

water or potable water supply well.

g) In general, sludge application shall not be applied on ice or snow

covered ground. Sludge may be applied on ice or snow covered

ground during emergency situations pursuant to an Agency permit

only under the following conditions:

1) The treatment plant site does not have adequate storage

facilities or sufficient springtime application period and

the effluent may cause violations of their NPDES limits;

2) Sludge application site shall not be fall plowed by mold

board plow unless a 200 foot grassy area exists between the

application site and any swale, waterway, surface water, or

potable water supply well;

3) Slope of the application site does not exceed 5%;

4) Runoff control measures such as vegetative fence rows around

the site, contour farming, terracing, catchment basins and

buffer areas in the direction of surface runoff;

5) Site is isolated from habitation;

6) No landfill is accessible;

7) No feasible alternative is available;

8) Other alternatives will be pursued by the generator, as

appropriate.

h) Sludge amended land shall have a crop grown and harvested

according to normal agricultural practice. Normal agricultural

practices may include fallow land, set-aside programs, pasture

land or other similar agricultural uses. Application rates shall

be based upon the nitrogen or phosphorus requirements for the

crops grown taking into account the soil nutrient level determined

by soil testing.

i) Horticultural, silvicultural, nursery, sod farm, highway median or

right-of-way or other beneficial uses of sludge on land will be

reviewed on a case-by-case determination. Conformance with other

criteria contained in this Part shall be evaluated and

incorporated in a management plan by the generator or user as

appropriate for their particular case.

j) The following numbers correspond to soil type numbers identified

on soil survey maps complied by the United States Department of

Agriculture - Soil Conservation Service. These numbers identify

soils which have characteristics such as steep slopes, shallow

soil depth, saline content or a texture that may constrain their

use for sludge application projects. Additional precautions such

as incorporation, lower application rates or groundwater

monitoring may be necessary for sludge application on these types

of soils. This list may not include every soil type in the state

that may constrain a sludge application project. The descriptions

of all soil types identified on a soil survey map should be

evaluated along with field observation and verification for

determining the acceptability of certain sludge application areas.

The following soil type numbers warrant additional consideration

for determining what constraints are required for sludge

application of these soil types:

5 93 271 472 620 956

7 98 282 501 660 977

8 100 312 504 731

25 103 316 511 741

34 120 354 513 761

49 210 389 551 768

53 224 397 581 777

54 241 417 584 779

85 250 425 585 786

88 253 427 605 903

92 264 471 606 955

Section 391.405 Water Treatment Plant Sludge

a) Lime sludge shall be applied at rates calculated using soil type,

soil pH, and type of crops grown as determined using Appendix E.

b) Water treatment plant sludge, other than lime sludge, may be land

applied provided the applicant can demonstrate, through field

testing on plots of up to 1 acre in size, that the sludge applied

will not have an adverse impact on the land for agricultural

purposes.

c) Water treatment plant sludge application projects must comply with

Section 391.301; 391.302; 391.402 (a), (b), (c), (d), (f), (h),

(j); 391.403; 391.404 (a), (b), (c), (f), (g); and 391.420.

Section 391.410 Nutrient Loading

Sludge utilization permit applications must include agronomic calculations

which specify the application rates (dry tons per acre) to be utilized by

sludge users. Unless site specific information on crop yields is

available, the applicants must use the average county crop yields shown in

Appendix C in conjunction with the fertilizer requirements specified in

Appendix B. The applicant must determine whether the sludge application

site is to be used on a short term (less than 5 years) or long term

(greater than 5 years) period and calculate the necessary nitrogen or

phosphorus agronomic rate. The applicants shall use Sections 391.411,

391.412 and 391.413 for determining the nutrient loading.

Section 391.411 Nitrogen

In the short range (five years), nitrogen in the sludge is usually

considered to be the limiting factor. The maximum loading rates of sludge

applied to the land is based on the nitrogen required for growing a crop.

Projects that apply sludge in excess of the nitrogen agronomic rate must

show what additional precautions or circumstances are present to prevent

potential surface or groundwater pollution or violations of the Act. The

following figures for nitrogen availability to plants shall be utilized in

the agronomic calculations unless additional research and site specific

information is provided:

a) Ammonia Nitrogen

1) Surface application without incorporation

A) Sandy and non-sandy soil -- 50% NH availability

B) Tight clay soil -- 25% NH availability

2) Surface application with chisel plowing, disking or

equivalent

A) Sandy soil -- 50% NH availability

B) Non-sandy soil -- 80% NH availability

3) Subsurface application (injection)

A) Sandy soil -- 50% NH availability

B) Non-sandy soil -- 100% NH availability

4) Due to additional losses such as volatilization,

nitrification, denitrification, etc., no carry over of

available ammonia nitrogen is expected. The above figures

are to be used for that particular year's application rate

calculations.

b) Organic Nitrogen

Table I

Organic Nitrogen Availability for Crops

(read down for that particular year of sludge application)

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

1st 20% 10% 5% 2.5% 1.25%

Sludge 2nd 20% 10% 5% 2.5%

Application 3rd 20% 10% 5%

Year 4th 20% 10%

5th 20%

After the 5th year crop, additional organic nitrogen is not expected to be

available to the crops from the sludge which was applied more than 5 years

past.

Section 391.412 Phosphorus

a) The phosphorus content of the soil may govern loading rates for

the sludge. It is recommended that the available phosphorus

content in soils and total phosphorus in the sludge be analyzed

every 2 years.

b) After five years of sludge application the phosphorus level in the

soil shall be monitored and sludge application shall cease if the

plant available phosphorus content in the soil exceeds 400 pounds

per acre for sandy soils or 800 pounds for non-sandy soils.

Section 391.413 Potassium

Although most sludges will not contain sufficient potassium levels for

optimum nutrient loading, the potassium concentrations in sludge shall be

analyzed for the purposes of advising sludge users.

Section 391.420 Heavy Metal Loading

a) Heavy metal loading rates on sludge application projects are

limited to prevent significant increases of heavy metals in the

food chain, phytotoxicity and water pollution. Generators shall

sample their sludge for metals in accordance with Subpart E and

accordingly limit annual and total cumulative sludge application

rates.

b) Sites which have a lifetime of sludge application less than 5

years due to metal loading rates in Subsection c below shall be

identified in a permit application. The Agency shall not issue a

permit for sludge application on such sites unless the following

items are considered in the application:

1) Groundwater monitoring;

2) Soil monitoring;

3) Plant tissue sampling and analyses;

4) Additional operational controls.

c) Soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) plays a major role in enabling

the soil to retain the heavy metals contained in the sludge.

Soils having a CEC in the range from 5 to 15 meq/100gm are

acceptable for sludge utilization providing sludge application

rates do not result in heavy metals being applied to land in

excess of those amounts listed in Table II below.

TABLE II

MAXIMUM ACCEPTABLE HEAVY

METAL LOADING RATES OVER

THE LIFE OF A PROJECT SITE

(pounds per acre)

Metal Total Annual

Pb 1000 --

Mn 900 --

Zn 500 --

Cu 250 --

Ni 100 --

Cd 10 2

d) There are some areas in Illinois which have low soil CEC (less

than 5 meq/100g) and should be avoided for sludge application

whenever possible. If a sludge management plan includes sludge

application in these areas, the sludge generator or user shall

apply only half of the heavy metal loading rates set forth in

Table II.

e) Permits may be issued which allow application of double the

amounts listed in Table II providing it is demonstrated that the

soil CEC is greater than 15 meg/100g. However, an extensive soil

survey must be performed prior to and during the sludge

application period to demonstrate the consistency of high soil CEC

values at the sludge application site.

f) The Agency may request an applicant to analyze a sludge for

elements other than those in Table II and to limit sludge

application based on other elements due to potential for

groundwater or surface water pollution, phytotoxicity, mammalian

toxicity or other environmental concerns. If the Agency

determines that metals other than those in Table II should

restrict the proposed application rate, the following loading

rates shall be utilized for the land application project:

Table III

Acceptable Loading Rates

(pounds per acre)

Metal Total Annual

Antimony 700

Arsenic 100

Chromium (trivalent) 3500 89

Chromium (hexavalent) 440 44

Mercury 7

Selenium 8

Silver 178

g) If sludge concentrations of molybdenum and/or selenium exceed 4.0

mg/kg (dry weight basis) the Agency shall restrict the crops to be

grown on land receiving applications of that sludge or shall

restrict the use of crops for livestock forage as necessary to

prevent toxicity to livestock.

h) The Agency will consider allowing loading rates greater than those

specified in this Section provided the generator or user addresses

the following items:

1) Soil testing results with particular attention to plant

available metals and phosphorus;

2) Groundwater monitoring results and adjacent groundwater use;

3) Plant tissue sampling and analyses and the ultimate use of

the crop;

4) Availability of additional application sites;

5) Hydrogeology of the application site;

6) Operational constriants of the application site;

7) Ultimate use of the application site.

Section 391.430 Site Monitoring

a) For sludge application projects less than 5 years, and with sludge

generated by treatment plants receiving minimal industrial waste

load, the agronomic rate usually results in the application of

heavy metals to the soil in low amounts that should not create

problems from a water pollution, phytotoxic and food-chain

standpoint. In general, soil testing will not be required for

these types of projects.

b) For long term projects, soil testing shall be provided by the

permittee. The number of soil tests and frequency of monitoring

will be dependent upon the quality of the sludge, sludge

application rate and continuity of soil types of the sludge

application site. If more than 100 dry tons per acre of sludge

are applied over the life of the site, the permittee shall perform

a complete soils analysis for that particular site. The soils

shall be tested for parameters including, but not limited to, CEC,

heavy metals (total and/or plant available), pH, plant available

phosphorus, organic carbon content, soluble salts by electrical

conductivity. The collection of soil samples shall be performed

in accordance with Section 391.510.

c) Except as provided in Section 391.430(a), analysis of the soil

prior to any sludge application will also be required for

determining background levels. Hydrogeologic data shall be

required for specific sites including sites with unidentified

hydrogeologic conditions.

d) The information required in Sections 391.430(b) and (c) shall be

required for projects with a sludge application rate greater than

the nitrogen agronomic rate.

Section 391.440 Additional Precautions

a) If the requirements of Subpart D cannot be met, additional

environmental precautions such as groundwater monitoring, soil

analyses, plant tissue sampling and analysis shall be included as

permit conditions as necessary to assure compliance with the

Environmental Protection Act and 35 Ill. Adm. Code, Subtitle C,

Subchapter l.

b) If groundwater monitoring is required, a minimum of 3 saturated

zone groundwater monitoring wells (1 upgradient and 2

downgradient) shall be provided at each land application site.

Additional wells may be required depending upon the size of the

site, hydrogeology, direction of groundwater movement, sludge

quality and other considerations.

1) The design, construction and operation of the groundwater

monitoring system shall be done in accordance with the

regulations adopted pursuant to Title V of the Act and

policies of the Division of Land Pollution Control.

2) The location of groundwater monitoring wells is site specific

and the hydrogeology of the particular site shall be

considered in the design.

3) The wells must be sampled monthly and analyzed for parameters

including, but not limited to, nitrates, electrical

conductivity, chlorides, pH, hardness and heavy metals.

c) Yearly plant tissue sampling and analysis may also be required to

determine the uptake characteristics and heavy metal

concentrations of the plant tissue and grain. Plant tissue

sampling and analyses shall be the responsibility of the generator

and of those utilizing the sludge.

d) The plant tissue monitoring and groundwater monitoring results of

Subsections b and c will be reviewed by the Agency to determine

future controls and frequency of monitoring.

Section 391.450 Land Reclamation Projects

a) Land reclamation projects are acceptable alternatives for sludge

application and disposal and require an Agency permit.

Reclamation would involve the retoration or improvement of land

conditions to the point where vegetation can be sustained. In

most cases, the application rate of sludge is much greater than

agronomic application rates. The applicant's design of

reclamation projects and site conditions must be comprehensive and

sufficiently detailed to comply with provisions of the Act and

this part.

b) The applicant shall include the following items in a permit

application:

1) The applicant shall state the name(s) and addresses of the

owner(s) of the site and the operator(s) of the site.

2) The applicant shall describe the site conditions including:

A) Hydrogeology;

B) Groundwater quality;

C) Soil characteristics;

D) Topography;

E) Drainage patterns;

F) Mine refuse piles.

3) The applicant shall describe the method of site preparation

including an evaluation of the following alternatives:

A) Grading;

B) Diking;

C) Terraces;

D) Sediment traps;

E) Run-on control;

F) Run-off and erosion control;

G) Stream relocation.

4) The applicant shall describe the methods for transportation

and storage included in the design in accordance with Subpart

C.

5) The applicant shall specify the distance to habitation and

potable water supplies.

6) The applicant shall specify the sludge application criteria

including:

A) Application rate;

B) Equipment;

C) Methods;

D) Nutrient and heavy metal loadings;

E) Buffer areas in accordance with Section 391.403.

7) The applicant shall specify procedures for site operation and

maintenance including:

A) Vegetation or crop grown and its ultimate use;

B) Existing ponded site water disposal or reuse;

C) Adjustment of soil and sludge mixture pH;

D) Monitoring networks;

i) Soil,

ii) Groundwater,

iii) Plant tissue.

8) The applicant shall describe its proposed recordkeeping

procedures.

9) The applicant shall determine whether its proposed project

complies with federal and state mining laws.

c) The permittee shall file an annual operating report with the

Agency and shall make such other reports as required in their

permit. The annual report shall include as a minimum the

following information:

1) Dates of sludge application;

2) Amount of sludge applied;

3) Crops grown and their ultimate use;

4) Sludge source and analyses;

5) Groundwater monitoring results;

6) Soil monitoring results;

7) Plant tissue monitoring results;

8) Precipitation events and dates;

9) Specific operating constraints.

SUBPART E: SAMPLE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

Section 391.501 Sludge Sampling and Analysis

a) Permit applications, except water treatment plant sludge

application projects, shall provide analyses for the following

parameters;

1) % total solids, % volatile solids, pH, volatile acids (if

anaerobic digestion is used);

2) Total Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus and

potassium;

3) Cadmium, copper, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc.

b) All analyses for Subsections (a) (2) and (3) above must be

reported in mg/kg (dry weight basis).

c) Wastewater treatment plants whose design population equivalents

are less than 1000, which have sanitary sewers not subject to

large inflow sources and do not receive any industrial process

wastewater may request an exemption from analyzing the metals

under Subsection 391.501 (a) (3) except for cadmium which must

always be analyzed. These generators shall periodically analyze

their sludge used for land application and make the necessary

calculations for nutrient and heavy metal loadings in accordance

with the following schedule:

Design Population Equivalents Frequency of Sludge Analysis

greater than 100,000 Monthly

10,000 - 100,000 Quarterly

1000-9999 Semi-annual

less than 1000 Annual

1) If a treatment plant sludge application project is limited by

heavy metal loading more frequent sludge analysis shall be

required by the Agency as necessary to assure compliance with

the Act and 35 Ill. Adm. Code, Subtitle C, Subchapter l.

2) If sludge analyses show only minor deviations in sludge

quality, the applicant may request a less frequent sludge

sampling and analysis program or compositing of samples with

less frequent analyses of samples.

d) Water treatment plant sludge permit applications shall provide

analyses for the following parameters;

1) % total solids, pH, % calcium carbonate equivalent;

2) Arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium (hexavalent), chromium

(total), copper, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver and zinc;

3) The Agency shall request an applicant to analyze water

treatment plant sludge for additional parameters and limit

sludge application rates based on these other parameters as

necessary to prevent groundwater or surface water pollution,

phytotoxicity, mammalian toxicity or other environmental

concerns.

4) If raw water or sludge analyses show only negligible amounts

of metals listed in (d)(2) above, the applicant may request

less parameters to be analyzed.

e) All analyses for Subsection (d)(2) above must be reported in mg/kg

(dry weight basis).

f) Water treatment plants shall analyze their sludge on an annual

basis. For facilities that have on-site storage lagoons, analyses

shall be performed at the time of lagoon cleanout.

Section 391.502 Collection of Sludge Samples

Collect samples during dry periods, and not sooner than 48 hours after the

last precipitation. Do not collect samples during freezing periods or

sooner than 48 hours after a thaw. Collect samples as follows:

a) Dried sludge: Collect 100 grams of dried material or a core

sample (whichever is greater) from each of 6 locations which

include the perimeter and inner portions of the drying bed or

lagoon, then composite these samples. For mechnical dewatering

facilities, collect 100 grams, 6-8 times at hourly intervals

during a normal day's operating period and composite these

samples.

b) Liquid sludge outside digester: At each of 6 locations equally

spaced along the perimeter of the storage area collect a core

sample representing the top, middle, and bottom. Composite the 6

samples and preserve according to USEPA procedures specified in

"The Handbook for Sampling and Sample Preservation for Water and

Wastewater," September 1982. Analyses are to be carried out on

properly preserved samples within the times specified.

c) Digester Contents: If analyses are required on a quarterly or

more frequent interval, samples for heavy metal analyses are to be

collected weekly and composited. If analyses are required on a

semi-annual interval, three two-month composites are required each

6 months. If analyses are required on an annual interval, three

two-month composites are required; the first composite must be

collected in the first 6 month interval. One quart of each

composited sample, preserved according to USEPA procedures

described in subsection (b) above, shall be collected for the

analyses.

d) Sample collection for all nitrogen analyses should be done

immediately before analysis and preserved according to USEPA

procedures described in subsection (b) above for water and sewage

sludge samples. Long-term composites are not acceptable.

Section 391.503 Analyses of Sludge Samples

a) It is recommended that the following parameters be analyzed

according to the referenced sections in Standard Methods for

Examination of Water and Wastewater (14th ed), or as approved in

40 CFR 136. Other analyses or methodologies are acceptable

provided equivalent results are obtainable. The permittee or

applicant shall demonstrate that equivalent results are obtainable

based on the nature of the test methodology, the nature of the

parameter and the level of statistical accuracy.

1) Ammonia nitrogen, Part 418(D)

2) Total Kjeldahl nitrogen, Part 421 (Macro-Kjeldahl Method in

15th Edition)

3) pH, part 424, glass electrode method

4) Volatile acids (total organic acids), Part 504-A,

chromatographic method

5) % total solids, Part 208-G, "Procedure", Subpart 3.a.l.

"Total Residue"

6) % volatile solids, Part 224-G, "Procedure", Subpart 3.a.2.

"Volatile Residue"

7) Phosphorus (total), Part 425-C

8) Potassium (total), Part 317-B

b) Heavy Metals

1) Metals Other Than Mercury

A) Homogenize wet sludge sample in blender, ultrasonic

homogenizer, or other suitable device.

B) An aliquot of homogenized sludge suitable to provide

5-10 grams of dry material is dried at 103   C for 48

hours.

C) Accurately weigh about 1 gram of dry sludge to the

nearest 0.1 mg and place in a "Tallform" beaker

containing 20 ml of reagent grade nitric acid.

D) Place a watch glass over the mouth of the beaker, and

warm the mixture on a hot plate, allowing the acid to

gently reflux off the watch glass.

E) Reflux the mixture until a clear solution is obtained

(45-50 minutes). Sand and other non-digestible material

present in the sample will settle out.

F) Using quantitative technique, filter the cooled,

digested sample, and make the filtrate up to 100.0 ml in

a volumetric flask.

G) Analyze according to USEPA procedures specified in

"Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Waste,"

March 1979.

H) Repeat steps (C) through (G) on two additional 1 gram

samples. It is the intent that triplicate analysis be

performed.

I) Report all results.

2) Mercury: Tentative procedure

Analyze three separate portions according to USEPA procedure

"Mercury in Sediment".

Section 391.510 Collection of Soil Samples

Soil sample collection shall be conducted so as to be representative of the

entire sludge application site.

a) Soil Plow Zone - one soil sample shall be collected per 8 acres of

sludge application site area to a depth of 12 inches. Each soil

sample shall be taken a homogeneous mixture composed of at least

10 subsamples randomly collected within the 8 acre area.

b) Soil Profiles - one soil core sample per 8 acres of land

application site shall be obtained to a depth of 5 feet using a

soil tube or soil auger type implement. Soil cores shall be

divided into 5 - one foot subsamples and each subsample shall be

analyzed separately.

c) Soil sample collection pursuant to Subsections (a) and (b) may be

modified by the Agency upon request by the applicant after

considering the quality of the sludge, sludge application rate and

continuity of soil types of the sludge application site.

Section 391.511 Analyses of Soil Samples

If the Agency requires soil sampling and analysis pursuant to Section

391.430, the method of analysis shall be performed in accordance with the

following references unless equivalent results can be obtained by other

methods. The permittee or applicant shall demonstrate that equivalent

results are obtainable based on the nature of the test methodology, the

nature of the parameter and the level of statistical accuracy.

a) Physical Testing Methods

1) Annual book of ASTM standards (1979), Part 19, American

Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street,

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103; or

2) Methods of Soil Analysis - Part 1 (1965), Physical and

Mineralogical Properties, Agronomy Series No. 9, C. A. Black

(editor), American Society of Agronomy, Inc. (Publisher), 677

South Segoe Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711.

b) Chemical Testing Methods

Methods of Soil Analysis - Part 2 (1982) 2nd edition, Chemical and

Microbiological Properties, Agronomy Series No. 9, A. L. Page

(editor), American Society of Agronomy, Inc. (Publisher).

Section 391.520 Groundwater Sampling and Analyses

a) Groundwater samples shall be collected by one of the following

methods:

1) Peristaltic pumps;

2) Submersible diaphragm pumps;

3) Bailing method using stainless steel or PVC materials;

b) Air lift or nitrogen lift pumping equipment shall not be used.

c) Groundwater samples shall be filtered at the time of collection

using a 0.45 micron filter or equivalent, however laboratory

filtration is acceptable provided it is performed within 15

minutes from the time of collection. Groundwater samples shall be

preserved and analyzed in accordance with Standard Methods for the

Examination of Water and Wastewater (14th edition).

Section 391.530 Plant Tissue Sampling and Analyses

a) Plant tissue monitoring programs are sensitive to the care and

standard techniques used in the sample collection, handling and

analysis. This section presents recommended guidelines intended

to minimize error in a plant tissue monitoring program. It is

recommended that a professional agronomist or crop scientist be

consulted when developing such a program.

b) Plant tissue sampling should include as many samples as possible.

The same part of each plant should be sampled and samples should

not include dead tissue. Usually it is adequate to sample only

the portion of the plant that will be harvested. Collection of

samples is not recommended when plants are under severe moisture

or temperature stress. Leaf analysis for grain crops should be

done on samples collected prior to pollination, especially if

macro- and/or micro-nutrients will be analyzed.

c) Sample should be washed in a 0.1 to 0.3% detergent solution

followed by 2 or 3 rinsings in deionized water. Washing should be

performed quickly to avoid leaching water soluble constituents.

Most household detergents are suitable for washing plant tissues.

d) Plant tissue samples should be dried as rapidly as possible after

collection. Place the tissue samples in a clean muslin bag or

tray and place inside a forced - draft oven at 65   C for 48 hours.

e) Plant tissues samples are normally ground after drying.

Mechanical grinding mills are preferred and careful consideration

should be given to sample contamination especially when

micro-nutrient elements are to be determined. The recommended

technique is to grind the sample to about 200 mesh in an all-agate

mechanical ball mill. After grinding place the powdered plant

tissue sample in a clean bottle and dry for an additional 24 hours

at 65   C to remove moisture picked up during grinding.

f) After grinding and the second drying, a subsample can be weighed

for analysis or the bottle sealed and stored under refrigerated

conditions until the analysis can be performed.

g) It is recommended that samples be stored in sealed polyethylene

bags in a refrigerator at -5   C until they can be washed and

dried. Dried and ground plant tissue samples should not be stored

on the shelf longer than 60 days prior to analysis. However,

dried and ground samples can be stored indefinitely in a

sterilized, sealed bottle in a refrigerator at -5   C.

h) There are numerous methods available for the analysis of plant

tissue samples. Most procedures involve wet or dry ashing or the

use of an extraction procedure followed by element analysis

typically by atomic absorption, flame emission, or direct-reading

emission spectroscopy. Wet ashing by the use of nitric and/or

sulfuric acid is preferred to dry ashing in an oven to minimize

volatile losses of metals. Boron can be determined only by dry

ashing become because this element is volatilized during wet

ashing.

i) For further information on this subject the Agency suggests the

following reference: Soil Testing and Plant Analysis, Revised

Edition, (1973). Edited by Leo M. Walsh and James D. Beaton, Soil

Science Society of American, Inc., 677 South Segoe Road, Madison,

Wisconsin 53711.

Section 391.APPENDIX A Applicable Board Rules From 35 Ill. Adm.

Code: Subtitle C, Chapter I

Editor's Note: Appendix A is comprised of selected quotes from 35 Ill.

Adm. Code 309.155 and 309.208.

Section 309.155 Terms and Conditions of NPDES Permits Concerning Sewage

Sludge Disposal

In establishing the terms and conditions of each issued NPDES

permit, the Agency shall apply and ensure compliance with

applicable regulations promulgated under Section 405 of the CWA

governing the disposal of sewage sludge from treatment works.

Section 309.208 Permits for Sites Receiving Sludge for Land Application

a) A construction and an operating permit are required under this

Chapter for any site receiving sludge for land application unless:

1) The site receives only livestock wastes; or

2) The site receives only tank sludges generated from domestic

sources; or

3) The site is regulated under Parts 700 et seq. of the Board's

regulations; or

4) The site is specifically identified in an approved sludge

management scheme of an operating or NPDES permit issued by

the Agency and receives sludge exclusively from the

permittee; or

5) All of the following conditions are satisfied:

A) The site is not specifically identified in an NPDES or

operating permit of any treatment works or pretreatment

works but receives sludge from a treatment works or

pretreatment works which has a valid operating permit

issued by the Agency, or an NPDES permit with a sludge

management scheme approved by the Agency. The sludge

generator shall inform the user that this requirement

has been met; and

B) The sludge user applies the sludge to less than 121 ha

(300 acres) under common ownership or control in any

year; and

C) The sludge is transported, stored and applied by the

user in compliance with the approved sludge management

scheme of the generator from which the user receives the

sludge. Any person who intends to transport, store or

apply sludge in any manner other than that described in

the approved sludge management scheme must apply for a

permit.

b) Notwithstanding subparagraphs (1) through (5) of paragraph (a),

the Agency may require a user receiving sludge for land

application to obtain a permit under this Section when the Agency

determines that special circumstances exist such that a permit is

required to protect the environment or the public health. In

making its determination, the Agency shall consider the following

factors:

1) Where the sludge will be stored;

2) The proposed rate and method of application of the sludge to

the receiving site;

3) The quality (constituents and concentrations) of the sludge

to be applied to the receiving site; and

4) The geological and hydrological characteristics of the

receiving site, including proximity to waters of the state.

c) No permit may be required under Subsection (b) for a user

receiving sludge for land application unless the owner or operator

is notified in writing of the requirement to apply for a permit.

That notification shall include a statement of the special

circumstances requiring the site to be permitted. The requirement

of a permit is reviewable only in a permit appeal proceeding.

d) Generators and haulers of municipal water or wastewater treatment

plant sludge, which is to be applied to land and which is

regulated under this Chapter, need not obtain a special waste

hauling permit or prepare, carry and complete a manifest under

Part 706 of the Board's Special Waste Hauling regulations.

e) The Agency may establish the revise criteria in accordance with

Rule 309.262 of this Chapter for the design, operation, and

maintenance of facilities regulated under this Rule.

f) For purposes of permit issuance and approval of a sludge

management scheme, proof of conformity with Agency criteria shall

be prima facie evidence of no violation of the Act or this

Chapter. However, nonconformity with Agency criteria shall not be

grounds for permit denial, or for failure to approve a sludge

management scheme, if the applicant submits adequate information

showing that the sludge will be stored, transported and applied so

as not to cause a violation of the Act or this Chapter.

Section 391.APPENDIX B Fertilizer Requirements for Illinois Crops

The Agency in reviewing a permit application for a sludge project will

consider any recognized source of fertility recommendations for Illinois

crops, and soils. However, Table IV was prepared for the convenience of

persons planning a sludge project who do not wish to consult other

information sources with regard to fertilizer requirements for Illinois

crops. Table IV is general in nature and may not reflect an optimum

recommendation for all areas or soil types of this state, rather the

recommendation reflects the maximum rate of application consistent with

current research. With respect to nutrients, the available nitrogen rate

will dominate as the maximum permissible application rate. Note that with

most sludges and crops if the available nitrogen crop demand is met by

applying sludge as the only fertilizer, the phosphorus (P) applied with

often exceed the plant requirements. Therefore, in order to make the best

use of sludge resources, the P rate should be followed. However, it is

environmentally acceptable to apply at the nitrogen rate if other factors

so dictate. In order to obtain more accurate recommendations for

fertilizer requirements, soil testing should be done.

TABLE IV

Fertilizer Requirements for Illinois Crops

(pounds of nutrient)

Crop Avail- P P(2)0(5) K K(2)0

Table N

Corn

for

grain 1.3/bu. .24/bu. .55/bu. 0.23/bu. .28/bu.

Corn

silage 7.5/T 1.4/T 3.1/T 7.9/T 9.4/T

Wheat

(1) 2.3/bu. 0.3/bu. 0.68/bu. 1.7/bu. 2.0/bu.

Oats (1) 1.1/bu. 0.17/bu. 0.40/bu. 1.2/bu. 1.5/bu.

Barley

(1) 1.5/bu. 0.24/bu. 0.55/bu. 0.83/bu. 1.0/bu.

Rye (1) 2.2/bu. 0.15/bu. 0.69/bu. 0.75/bu. 1.8/bu.

Sorghum

for 2.0/100 0.33/100 0.75/100 0.31/100 0.38/100

grain lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs.

Grain

sorghum

for

silage 7.5/T 1.4/T 3.1/T 7.9/T 9.4/T

Tall

fescue

(3) 39/T 8.1/T 19/T 44/T 53/T

Brome-

grass

(3) 33/T 5.7/T 13/T 42/T 51/T

Sorghum

-Sudan

(3) 40/T 6.7/T 15/G 49/T 59/T

Orchard

Grass

(3) 50/T 7.2/T 17/T 52/T 63/T

Timothy

(3) 38/T 6.0/T 14/T 52/T 63/T

Reed

Canary

Grass

(3) 55/T 5.4/T 13/T 42/T 50/T

Alfalfa

(3) (2) 4.4/T 10/T 50/T 60/T

Clovers

(3) (2) 6.5/T 15/T 50/T 60/T

Soybeans (2) 0.47/bu. 1.1/bu. 2.0/bu. 2.4/bu.

(1) If straw is harvested.

(2) Legumes can obtain most of their nitrogen requirements from the air

and are normally not fertilized with nitrogen. However, if included in a

crop rotation with nitrogen using crops they will use the available

nitrogen in the soil and not fix nitrogen from the air. Therefore, it can

be assumed that they will remove as much nitrogen as corn for grain would

remove in the same rotation.

(3) Forage crops may become toxic to livestock if high concentrations of

molybdenum or selenium are present in the sludge. Refer to Section

391.420(g) for guidance.

If specific crop yield information is unavailable, consult the Illinois

Agriculture Statistics Annual Summary for the current year or utilize the

values shown in Appendix C. This publication is available from the

Illinois Cooperative Crop Reporting Service, Post Office Box 429,

Springfield, Illinois 62705. If a specific crop which you want to use in

not listed in this reference contact the University of Illinois Cooperative

Extension Service in your county for average yields of that crop.

Section 391.APPENDIX C Average County Crop Yields

(1978 - 1981)

COUNTY CORN WHEAT SOYBEANS HAY (dry)

Adams 105 45 34 2.9

Alexander 86 37 28 2.0

Bond 92 45 30 2.9

Boone 121 50 38 3.7

Brown 113 42 32 2.8

Bureau 123 51 41 3.5

Calhoun 101 44 33 3.2

Carroll 121 45 38 3.8

Cass 120 41 37 3.1

Champaign 123 54 38 3.3

Christian 125 49 39 2.9

Clark 111 43 36 2.7

Clay 83 40 28 2.2

Clinton 88 43 30 3.4

Coles 119 47 39 3.1

Cook 103 45 31 2.9

Crawford 105 42 33 2.4

Cumberland 109 45 35 2.5

DeKalb 132 53 40 3.6

DeWitt 115 48 38 3.2

Douglas 116 52 40 3.2

DuPage 114 47 35 2.9

Edgar 115 50 38 2.9

Edwards 91 43 30 2.0

Effingham 106 48 33 2.6

Fayette 93 44 29 2.5

Ford 108 46 37 3.3

Franklin 72 40 23 2.2

Fulton 107 41 36 2.9

Gallatin 91 42 29 2.1

Greene 105 48 37 3.2

Grundy 116 43 37 3.3

Hamilton 77 43 25 2.1

Hancock 116 43 36 2.9

Hardin 70 37 25 2.0

Henderson 125 41 38 3.3

Henry 123 49 41 3.7

Iroquois 109 50 36 3.6

COUNTY CORN WHEAT SOYBEANS HAY (dry)

Jackson 78 38 28 2.5

Jasper 106 45 34 2.6

Jefferson 79 41 25 2.1

Jersey 107 49 34 3.1

Jo Daviess 115 49 37 3.7

Johnson 76 36 23 2.0

Kane 128 53 39 3.4

Kankakee 112 47 37 3.1

Kendall 119 48 37 3.2

Knox 120 44 42 3.4

Lake 101 43 31 3.2

LaSalle 123 48 40 3.5

Lawrence 94 42 32 2.3

Lee 125 51 39 3.7

Livingston 114 47 38 3.5

Logan 114 49 39 3.2

McDonough 121 44 40 3.2

McHenry 118 49 36 3.5

McLean 119 50 40 3.4

Macon 125 53 39 3.2

Macoupin 114 51 35 3.0

Madison 105 46 34 3.0

Marion 85 43 29 2.3

Marshall 113 43 39 3.4

Mason 101 41 36 2.9

Massac 80 37 25 2.0

Menard 117 46 40 3.2

Mercer 123 50 41 3.5

Monroe 100 47 34 3.2

Montgomery 117 49 35 2.9

Morgan 129 51 41 3.2

Moultrie 128 52 40 3.2

Ogle 122 51 40 3.8

Peoria 113 46 39 3.2

Perry 75 39 28 2.5

Piatt 123 54 39 3.2

Pike 104 44 34 3.1

Pope 71 36 24 1.9

Pulaski 81 39 28 2.2

Putnam 116 44 40 3.4

Randolph 85 41 31 2.9

Richland 92 43 30 2.3

Rock Island 121 46 39 3.6

St. Clair 101 49 34 2.9

Saline 75 40 24 2.1

Sangamon 128 50 41 3.2

Schuyler 106 42 34 2.8

Scott 114 46 36 3.2

Shelby 118 49 36 3.0

Stark 123 47 42 3.3

Stephenson 118 50 38 3.9

COUNTY CORN WHEAT SOYBEANS HAY (dry)

Tazewell 114 46 40 3.3

Union 82 38 27 2.1

Vermilion 118 50 37 3.2

Wabash 96 42 31 2.1

Warren 128 44 42 3.2

Washington 83 45 29 2.9

Wayne 83 40 26 1.9

White 83 43 27 2.2

Whiteside 122 48 40 3.8

Will 108 49 34 3.2

Williamson 71 37 23 2.1

Winnebago 116 47 36 3.7

Woodford 118 45 41 3.3

Illinois (State) 115 45 36 3.1

Note that all crop yields are expressed in bushels per acre except for hay

which is expressed in tons/acre.

Section 391.APPENDIX D Sample Calculations of Sewage Sludge Application

Rates

I. Units and Conversions

Laboratory analyses are reported on either a wet weight

("as-received") basis or on a dry weight basis. The units for a

wet weight basis are millgrams per liter (mg/l - weight per

volume). The units for a dry weight basis are milligrams per

kilogram of solids (mg/kg - weight per weight).

Sludge represents a material in which most of the solid matter is

undissolved and the dissolved fraction is of minor importance. It

is generally simpler to perform sludge calculations by using dry

weight units. Furthermore, some calculations must ultimately be

expressed in dry weight units to be correct. For these reasons

all the sample calculations are worked on a dry weight basis.

However, since may laboratories report results on a wet weight

basis, conversion relationships are provided below. Be aware that

some laboratories report results in mg/kg on an "as-received"

basis. You should consult the laboratory to confirm this and then

convert the units to a dry weight basis. Finally, note that the

specific gravity of liquid and most dry sludges can be assumed to

be 1.0 (equal to water) and sufficient accuracy in the

calculations will be obtained.

A) The decimal equivalent (DE) of the percent total solids equals the

percentage divided by 100.

% TS = DE of Total Solids

100

Example: 5% TS>> = 0.05 DE

100

B) Wet Weight to Dry Weight Basis

mg/1 = mg/kg (dry wt. basis)

DE

Example: 1.5 mg/l Cadmium = 30 mg/kg Cadmium (dwb)

0.05 DE

C) Dry Weight to Wet Weight Basis

(mg/kg) x (DE) = mg/l (wet wt. basis)

Example: (30,000 mg/kg TKN) x (0.05) = 1500 mg/1 TKN (wwb)

D) Other useful conversions

1) ppm (wet) x 100 = ppm (dry)

%TS

2) ppm x 0.002 = 1b/ton

3) 10,000 ppm (or mg/l or mg/kg) = 1%

4) 1 acre = 43,560 square feet

5) (dry tons sludge) x 100 = wet tons sludge

%TS

6) Wet tons>> x 2000>> = gallons/acre

acre 8.345

7) 1 cubic yard of drying bed sludge is approximately equal to

0.45 dry tons.

8) 1 mg/kg = 0.002 lb/ton

II. Assumptions for Sludge Calculations

A) Sludge will be surface applied with incorporation by disking

or chisel plowing.

B) Soils are non-sandy at the application sites.

C) The sludge has been well stabilized by heat anaerobic

digestion.

D) Laboratory analysis of sludge (dwb):

5% TS

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) = 30,000 mg/kg

Ammonia Nitrogen = 10,000 mg/kg

Phosphorus = 8,000 mg/kg

Potassium = 3,500 mg/kg

Cadmium = 30 mg/kg

Copper = 2000 mg/kg

Manganese = 1000 mg/kg

Nickel = 400 mg/kg

Lead = 1000 mg/kg

Zinc = 4000 mg/kg

E) Corn for grain is grown and the average yield is 110 bushels

per acre per year.

III. Calculating Agronomic Nitrogen Application Rates of Sludge

A) Determine the availability of nitrogen forms by referring to

Section 391.411.

1) Ammonia nitrogen plant availability is 80%.

2) Organic nitrogen plant availability is 20% for the first

year and decreases as shown in Table I.

B) First Year Application Rate

1) Organic nitrogen is not a laboratory test. It is a

calculated value as shown below.

Organic N = Total Kjeldahl N - Ammonia N

Organic N = 30,000 - 10,000 = 20,000 mg/kg

2) Calculate the plant available nitrogen (PAN) in the

sludge as follows:

Ammonia Nitrogen: 10,000 x 0.8 = 8,000 mg/kg

Organic Nitrogen: 20,000 x 0.2 = 4,000 mg/kg

PAN = 8,000 + 4,000 = 12,000 mg/kg

(12,000 mg/kg PAN) x (0.002) = 24 1b PAN

dry ton

sludge

This means that each dry ton of sludge solids will have

24 pounds of nitrogen available for utilization by

plants when the sludge has been disked into the soil.

Note that if the sludge has been injected into the soil

there would have been 28 pounds of plant available

nitrogen provided. If the sludge had been surface

applied without incorporation there would have been only

18 pounds of plant available nitrogen provided.

3) Calculate the agronomic nitrogen requirement for the

corn grain crop using the yield and the values from

Appendix B - Table IV:

110 bushels x 1.3 lb. PAN = 143 lb. PAN

acre bushel acre

This means that each acre of corn with the stated yield

requires 143 pounds of plant available nitrogen for

proper growth.

4) Calculate the sludge application rate needed to provide

the required plant available nitrogen.

143= 5.96 dry tons sludge

24 acre

5) For convenience during the actual sludge application it

is usually helpful to convert the application rate into

gallons per acre.

5.96 d T x 2000 x 1 = 28,570 gallons

acre 8.345 0.05 DE acre

C) Second Year Application Rate

1) To simplify your calculations, assume that the

laboratory analysis remains the same as used for the

first year application rate calculations. However, note

that nutrients and metal concentrations in sludge will

vary, often considerably.

2) Determine the amount of organic nitrogen (O.N.) applied

during the first year that is remaining for plant uptake

during the second year by using Table I values and the

first year application of organic nitrogen.

(20,000 mg/kg 0.N.) x (0.20) =4,000 mg/kg

O.N. use up

first year

20,000 - 4,000 = 16,000mg/kg Organic N

remains for

second

year use

(16,000 mg/kg) x (10%) =1600 mg/kg O.N.

available

during second

year

lb Organic N

(16,000 mg/kg) x (0.002) = 3.2 available

dry ton

sludge

This Represents:

3.2 lb. x 5.96 dT = 19 lb. PAN

dT acre acre

Therefore, the second year crop will need:

143 - 19 = 124 lb. PAN of additional

acre nitrogen is needed.

3) Calculate the second year sludge application rate.

124>> = 5.17 dry tons sludge

24 acre

5.17 dT x 2000 x 1 = 24,780 gallons

acre 8.345 0.05 DE acre

D) Third year application rate

1) In the third year some organic nitrogen applied during

the first and second years will become available for

plant utilization ; 5% and 10% respectively from Table

I.

2) Determine the amount of organic nitrogen applied during

previous years that is available to plants during the

third year.

a) From the first year application:

(16,000 mg/kg O.N.) x (0.10) = 1600 mg/kg

O.N. used

the second

year

16,000 - 1600 = 14,400 mg/kg O.N. remaining from

the first year sludge application.

(14,400 mg/kg O.N.) x (5%) = 720 mg/kg O.N. is

available during the third year.

This represents:

(720 mg/kg) x (0.002) x (5.96dT) =8.58 lb. O.N.

acre acre

b) From the second year application:

(20,000 mg/kg O.N.) x (0.20) = 4,000 mg/kg O.N.

used

20,000 - 4,000 = 16,000 mg/kg O.N. remains

(16,000 mg/kg) x (0.10) = 1600 mg/kg O.N.

available

(1600 mg/kg) x (0.002) = 3.2lb. O.N. available

dry ton

3.2 lb O.N. x 5.17 dT = 16.5 lb. O.N. available.

dT acre acre

c) Sum the available organic nitrogen from previous years

application of sludge and subtract that sum from the

crop nitrogen requirements.

143 - (8.58 + 16.5) = 118 lb. PAN of

acre

additional nitrogen is needed.

d) Calculate the third year application rate.

118 = 4.92 dry tons sludge

24 acre

4.92 dT x 2000 x 1 = 23,580 gallons

acre 8.345 0.05 DE acre

E) Fourth year application rate

1) In the fourth year some organic nitrogen applied during

the previous three years will become available for plant

utilization; 2.5%, 5%, and 10% respectively from Table

I.

2) Determine the amount of organic nitrogen applied during

previous years that is available to plants during the

fourth year.

a) From the first year application:

(14,400 mg/kg O.N.) x (0.05) = 720 mg/kg used

during the third year.

14,400 - 720 = 13,680 mg/kg O.N. remaining

(13,680 mg/kg) x (2.5%) = 342 mg/kg O.N. available

(342 mg/kg) x (0.002) x (5.96 dT) =

acre

4 lb. O.N. available

acre

b) From the second year application:

(16,000 mg/kg O.N.) x (0.10) = 1600 mg/kg O.N.

used

16,000 - 1600 = 14,400 mg/kg O.N. remains

(14,400 mg/kg) x (0.05) = 720 mg/kg O.N. available

(720 mg/kg) x (0.002) x (5.17 dT) =

acre

7.4 lb. O.N. available

acre

c) From the third year application:

(20,000 mg/kg O.N.) x (0.20) = 4,000 mg/kg O.N.

used

20,000 - 4,000 = 16,000 mg/kg O.N. remains

(16,000 mg/kg) x (0.10) = 1600 mg/kg O.N.

available

(1600 mg/kg) x (0.002) x (4.92 dT) =

acre

15.7 lb. O.N. available

acre

d) Sum the available organic nitrogen from previous

years application of sludge and subtract that sum

from the crop nitrogen requirements.

143 - (4 + 7.4 + 15.7) = 116 lb. PAN of

acre

additional nitrogen is needed.

e) Calculate the fourth year application rate.

116 = 4.83 dry tons sludge

24 acre

4.83 dT x 2000 x 1 = 23,150 gallons

acre 8.345 0.05 DE acre

F. Fifth year application rate

1) In the fifth year some of the organic nitrogen applied

during the previous four years will become available for

plant utilization; 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% respectively

from Table I.

2) Determine the amount of organic nitrogen applied during

previous years that is available to plants during the

fifth year.

a) From the first year application:

(13,680 mg/kg) x (0.025) = 342 mg/kg used during

the fourth year.

13,680 - 342 = 13,338 mg/kg O.N. remaining

(13,338 mg/kg) x (0.0125) = 167 mg/kg O.N.

available

(167 mg/kg) x (0.002) x (5.96 dT) =

acre

2 lb. O.N. available

acre

b) From the second year application:

(14,400 mg/kg) x (0.05) = 720 mg/kg O.N. used

14,400 - 720 = 13,680 mg/kg O.N. remaining

(13,680 mg/kg) x (0.025) = 342 mg/kg O.N.

available

(342 mg/kg) x (0.002) x (5.17 dT) =

acre

3.5 lb. O.N. available

acre

c) From the third year application:

(16,000 mg/kg) x (0.10) = 1600 mg/kg O.N. used

16,000 - 1600 = 14,400 mg/kg O.N. remaining

(14,400 mg/kg) x (0.05) = 720 mg/kg O.N. available

(720 mg/kg) x (0.002) x (4.92 dT) =

acre

7 lb. O.N available

acre

d) From the fourth year application:

(20,000 mg/kg O.N. x (0.20) = 4,000 mg/kg O.N.

used

20,000 - 4,000 = 16,000 mg/kg O.N. remaining

(16,000 mg/kg) x (0.10) = 1600 mg/kg O.N.

available

(1600 mg/kg) x (0.002) x (4.83 dT) =

acre

15.5 lb. O.N. available

acre

e) Sum the available organic nitrogen from previous

years application of sludge and subtract that sum

from the crop nitrogen requirements.

143 - (2 + 3.5 + 7 15.5) = 115 lb. PAN of

acre

additional nitrogen is needed.

f) Calculate the fifth year application rate.

115 = 4.79 dry tons sludge

24 acre

4.79 dT x 2000 x 1 = 22,960 gallons

acre 8.345 0.05 DE acre

G) During and after the sixth year there will not be any

significant amount of organic nitrogen available to the crop

from sludge applied during the first year. An equilibrium

situation was reached in this sample problem during the

fourth year since there is practically no difference between

the fourth and fifth year application rates.

A conservative operating plan would be to apply sludge at

approximately 4.8 dry tons per acre per year. Note, however,

that this would mean that additional nitrogen would be needed

from fertilizers during the first, second, and third years of

sludge application to meet the nitrogen requirement for the

crop grown.

IV. Metal Loading Rate Calculations

A) It is useful to estimate the lifetime of a site receiving

sludge on the basis of metal loadings. The method for

performing this estimation is given below assuming the sludge

chemical analysis provided the following quantities.

Percent Solids = 5% (0.05 decimal equivalent)

Cadmium 30 mg/kg

Copper 2000 mg/kg

Nickel 400 mg/kg

Lead 1000 mg/kg

Zinc 4000 mg/kg

Manganese 1000 mg/kg

Application rate 4.8 dry tons/acre/year

B) Set up and complete a table as follows:

Annual

Metal Maximum

Loading Metal

(lb/ Loading Site

Sludge Loading acre (lb/ Life

Metal Analysis Factor /year) acre) (Years)

Cadmium 30 mg/kg 0.0096 0.29 10 34

Nickel 400 mg/kg 0.0096 3.84 100 26

Copper 2000 mg/kg 0.0096 19.2 250 13

Zinc 4000 mg/kg 0.0096 38.4 500 13

Manganese 2000 mg/kg 0.0096 19.2 900 46

Lead 1000 mg/kg 0.0096 9.6 1000 104

C) The loading factor column will be the same for each metal and

is calculated as follows:

0.002 #/dry ton>> x (dry tons/acre/year) =

mg/kg

0.002 x 4.8 = 0.0096

D) Multiply the metal analysis value by the loading factor value

(0.0096) to obtain the Annual Metal Loading (lb/acre/year)

column.

Divide the maximum metal loading for each metal (from Table

II, Section 391.420) by the annual metal loading rate

(pounds/acre/year) to obtain the site lifetime.

E) This example indicates that the zinc and copper loading is

the most restrictive to the site lifetime. Therefore a site

should be used for no more than 13 years, however updated

sludge analyses and different application rates may change

these site lifetimes. Records should be kept on each site

that sludge is applied to for each year's metal loading.

Section 391.APPENDIX E Sample Calculations of Water Treatment Plant Lime

Sludge Application Rates

I. Laboratory analysis of sludge (dwb):

% Calcium Carbonate Equivalent 94.34

% Total Solids 24

pH 10.4

Arsenic 0.83 mg/kg

Barium 8.3 mg/kg

Cadmium 0.6 mg/kg

Chromium (hexavalent) 0.008 mg/kg

Chromium (total) 1.2 mg/kg

Copper 3.3 mg/kg

Mercury 0.0008 mg/kg

Nickel 8.75 mg/kg

Selenium 0.4 mg/kg

Silver 0.83 mg/kg

Zinc 6.6 mg/kg

Effective Neutralizing Value

(ENV) as calculated below 94.34

ENV = Total fineness efficiency x % calcium carbonate equivalent

100

total fineness efficiency assumed to be 100

Therefore: ENV = 100 x 94.34>> = 94.34

100

II. Compare ENV of water treatment plant lime sludge to ENV of

agricultural limestone.

Given: 1. ENV of typical agricultural

limestone = 46.35

2. ENV of water plant lime sludge

from (I.) above = 94.34

Correction factor = ENV of typical limestone

ENV of water plant sludge

= 46.35>> = 0.49 or 0.5

94.34

This means that 0.5 tons of water treatment plant lime sludge is

approximately equivalent to 1.0 tons of typical agricultural lime.

III. Lime sludge will be applied to a light-colored silty clay loam

soil having a pH of 5.0.

IV. The soil will be used for grain farming.

V. The following list of soil types are to be used with the

corresponding letters shown on Charts I and II for the respective

cropping systems:

A) Dark-colored silty clays and silty clay loams.

B) Light-and medium-colored silty clays and silty clay loams;

dark-colored silt and clay loams.

C) Light- and medium-colored silt and clay loams; dark- and

medium-colored loams; dark-colored sandy loams.

D) Light-colored loams; light- and medium-colored sandy loams;

sands.

E) Muck and peat.

Note: Color is related to organic matter. Light-colored soils

usually have less than 2.5 percent organic matter; medium-colored

soils have 2.5 to 4.5 percent organic matter; dark-colored soils

have above 4.5 percent organic matter; sands are excluded.

VI. With the above assumptions and referring to Chart I the

corresponding typical agricultural limestone application rate is 6

tons per acre.

Since 0.5 tons of water treatment lime sludge is approximately

equivalent to 1.0 ton of typical agricultural lime (calculated in

II. above) apply only 3 dry tons of water treatment plant lime

sludge per acre of farm land.

Similar metal loading rates as calculated in APPENDIX D should

then be performed based on the 3 dry ton loading rate.

Note that due to the fineness efficiency of 100, the water

treatment plant lime sludge may only be effective in raising the

soil pH for one or two years after application.

Suggested limestone rates based on soil type, pH, and cropping system.

GRAPHIC MATERIAL

See printed copy of IAC for detail

(Taken from Illinois Agronomy Handbook)

GRAPHIC MATERIAL

See printed copy of IAC for detail

Section 391.APPENDIX F General Buffer Area, Geological and Topographic

Criteria for Sludge Application

SLUDGE APPLICATION METHOD

Incorporation or Injection --------- 20 ft. from occupied dwelling. 10

ft. from closet edge of traveled

portion of public road or within

fence. 200 ft. from surface

water.

Ridge and Furrow ------------------- 200 ft. from occupied dwelling.

200 ft. from closest edge of

traveled portion of public road or

within fence. 200 ft. from

surface water.

Dewatered material or Splash ------- 200 ft. from occupied dwelling.

Plate to Land Surface 20 ft. from closest edge of

traveled portion of primary and

secondary public roads; or 10 ft.

from closest edge of lesser

utilized public roads; or within

fence. 200 ft. from surface

water.

Low Pressure Sprayers (less than 50 200 ft. from occupied dwelling.

psi) (as measured from outer 200 ft. from closest edge of

boundary of spray) traveled portion of public road.

200 ft. from surface water,

waterways or flood plains. Wind

velocity less than 15 mph.

High Pressure Sprayers (greater than 1000 ft. from occupied dwelling.

50 psi) (as measured from outer 1000 ft. from closest edge of

boundary of spray) traveled portion of public road.

1000 ft. from surface water,

waterways or flood plains. Wind

velocity less than 15 mph.

GEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Minimum Depth of Earth Cover to the 10 ft. with rapid permeability

Mean Annual Water Table (greater than 2.0 inches/hr) 5 ft.

with moderate to slow permeability

(less than 2.0 inches/hour)

Distance from Potable 150 ft. in all instances, however,

Water Well ------------------------- if a water supply is located in a

consolidated bedrock (such as

limestone) or sinkhole area and is

within one-fourth of a mile of the

sludge application site, then 50

foot depth of non-sandy,

non-gravelly unconsolidated

material is needed for water

supply protection

TOPOGRAPHIC CONSIDERATIONS

Maximum Slope ---------------------- 8% (incorporation)*

5% (surface application)*

Application to Waterways ----------- Not allowed

Application in a flood plain ------- Only if approved by Agency after

having a flooding frequency review of project.

often than once every ten years

*May be exceeded under certain conditions. See discussion in Section

391.404.

Section 391.APPENDIX G Sludge User Information Sheet

1. Date:

2. Name of User:

3. Address of User:

4. Phone Number of User:

5. Location Where Sludge is to be Used:

6. Size of Area Where Sludge is to be Used:

7. Proximity of Site to closest: (a) Stream or other body of water

(b) Dwelling (c) Well

(d) Other Water Supply, (describe)

8. Amount of Sludge Obtained:

(Specify units)

9. Describe Use(s) of Sludge (e.g., Farmland or Agricultural, Garden,

Yard, Reclamation of Nutrient Deficient Land, Other):

10. Manner in Which Sludge is to be Applied (e.g., Spread by Truck or

dry applicator, by Hand, Worked into the Soil by Plowing,

Rototilling, Surface Application, Splash Plate, Knife injection,

other):

11. Will Sludge be Stockpiled Before Application: Yes No (Circle

One)

12. Estimated Length of Time Sludge is to be Stockpiled:

13. Type and expected yield of crops to be grown on sludge conditioned

land:

14. I desire to have the sludge applied at a rate that will satisfy my

crop's NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS (Circle One) needs.

15. The soil pH of the land that I am applying sludge

is:

16. The average depth to the groundwater table on the site where I am

using the sludge is  ft.

How determined?

17. Limitations from Site Characteristics:

18. Has sludge been applied to land within last 5

years? Yes No (Circle One)

Name of Generator

Amount Applied

Years Applied

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE USE OF SLUDGE

The sludge that you are obtaining contains the following:

Plant Available Nitrogen (N) % and/or lbs. per dry

ton

Phosphorus (PO)  % and/or   lbs. per dry ton

Soluble Potash (KO)  % and/or  lbs. per dry ton

Cadmium (Cd)    lbs. per dry ton

Copper (Cu)    lbs. per dry ton

Lead (Pb)    lbs. per dry ton

Manganese (Mn)    lbs. per dry ton

Nickel (NI)    lbs. per dry ton

Zinc (Zn)    lbs. per dry ton

To maximize the benefits of conditioning soils with sludge and minimizing

possible adverse effects on the environment, it is required that the

following provisions be adhered to:

1. Cropping and Access Restrictions:

a. It is not recommended that leafy or root vegetables such as

lettuce, Swiss chard, potatoes, horseradish, carrots, etc.,

be grown on sludge conditioned soil.

b. Pasture or hay ground that has received sludge shall not be

harvested or used for livestock grazing for one month or

until precipitation of sufficient duration and intensity has

occurred and washed all sludge from that area of the plant

which can be injested by an animal, whichever is greater.

2. Climate Conditions:

a. Sludge application shall not be permitted on land during

precipitation.

b. Sludge application shall not be permitted on land which is

saturated or with ponded water.

c. Sludge application should not be permitted upon sites when

precipitation is imminent or which have received greater than

1/4 inch rainfall within the 24 hour period preceding the

application time.

d. Sludge application shall not be permitted on ice or snow

covered ground. Frozen ground which is not ice or snow

covered and has a slope of 5% or less may be used for winter

spreading providing a 200 feet grassy area of forage crop

exists between the sludge applied land and any surface water

or water well.

3. Buffer Area Requirements

a. Sludge shall not be applied on land which lies within 150

feet from wells or other water supplies and 200 feet from

surface waters or within one-fourth of a mile of any potable

water supply well located in consolidated bedrock or sinkhole

areas unless 50 feet of non-sandy or non-gravelly

unconsolidated material exists.

b. Sludge application by incorporation or injection shall not be

done closer than 20 feet from any occupied dwelling or 10

feet from the closest edge of traveled portions of a public

road or outside roadway fence lines.

c. Top application of sludge with no immediate incorporation

shall not be done closer than 200 feet from any occupied

dwelling or 20 feet from the closest edge of traveled

portions of a primary and secondary public roads or 10 feet

from the closest edge of lesser utilized public roads or

outside roadway fence lines.

d. Sludge application by ridge and furrow shall not be done

closer than 200 feet from any occupied dwelling or the

closest edge of traveled portions of a public road or outside

roadway fence lines.

e. Sludge shall not be applied in waterways. Application to

flood plains having a frequency of return more often than a

ten-year frequency shall not be allowed.

4. Soil and Geologic Conditions:

a. Sludge applied land must have a soil pH of 6.5 or greater and

cation exchange capacity of 5 or greater. Water treatment

plant lime sludge may be used to raise the soil pH.

b. For sludge applied soils having the following infiltration

rates/hour as determined by standard percolation tests, the

listed minimum soil depth to the mean annual water table

shall be adhered to:

Greater than 2 inches/hour -- 10 feet

Less than or equal to 2 inches/hour -- 5 feet

c. Sludge shall not be top applied (no incorporation) to farm

land having greater than 5% slope. If the slope does exceed

5% top application can be used providing the annual soil

loss, as calculated by the Universal Soil Loss Equation shall

not exceed 5 tons/acre.

d. Sludge may be incorporated on lands having slopes up to eight

percent, irrespective of soil loss. If the slope exceeds

eight percent, incorporation methods may be used providing

the annual soil loss does not exceed five tons per acre when

applying the Universal Soil Loss Equation.

5. Interim Storage and Application Restrictions:

a. Off-site interim storage of liquid sludge prior to land

application is not allowed.

b. Off-site interim storage of dried sludge in excess of 2

months is not allowed.

c. Annual sludge application shall not exceed the nitrogen

agronomic rates for the crop grown nor exceed the rate for

the most restrictive heavy metal for the site lifetime,

whichever is more restrictive. Therefore, the maximum annual

amount of sludge you can apply for your specific needs may

not exceed    dry tons/acre; gallons/acre (Circle One).

I hereby agree to adhere to the above conditions.

All blanks other than the above sign-off shall be filled in by the sludge

generator.

Section 391.APPENDIX H Public Distribution Information Sheet

1. Date:

2. Name of User:

3. Address of User:

4. Phone Number of User:

5. Location Where Sludge is to be Used:

6. Size of Area Where Sludge is to be Used:

7. Proximity of Site to closest: (a) Stream or other body of water

(b) Dwelling    (c) Well

8. Amount of Sludge Obtained:

(Specify units)

9. Describe Use(s) of Sludge (e.g., Garden, Yard, Horticultural,

Reclamation of Nutrient Deficient Land, Other):

10. Manner in Which Sludge is to be Applied and Incorporated (e.g.,

Spread by Truck or dry applicator, by Hand, Worked into the Soil

by Plowing, Rototilling, other):

Specific Requirements for Public Distribution Programs

The sludge that you are obtaining contains the following:

Plant Available Nitrogen (N)     % and/or    lbs. per dry

ton

Phosphorus (PO)    % and/or    lbs. per dry ton

Cadmium (Cd)    lbs. per dry ton and/or    mg/kg (not to

exceed 25 mg/kg)

Copper (Cu)    lbs. per dry ton

Lead (Pd)    lbs. per dry ton

Manganese (Mn)    lbs. per dry ton

Nickel (Ni)    lbs. per dry ton

Zinc (Zn)    lbs. per dry ton

1. Sludge shall not be applied to sites used for growing of

commercial truck gardening vegetables grown and sold for direct

human consumption. It is also not recommended that sludge be

applied to sites for individual use that may grow leafy (lettuce,

spinach, Swiss chard. etc.) or root vegetables (potatoes, carrots,

radishes, etc.) unless the following conditions are met:

a. the sludge does not contain more than 10 mg Cd/kg (dry weight

basis);

b. the sludge has been aged for approximately 3 years after

digestion or stabilization;

c. all vegetables are thoroughly washed or cooked prior to

consumption.

2. Sludge shall be uniformly spread on the land as soon as possible

after transport to the application site.

3. Sludge shall not be applied on land:

(1) during precipitation;

(2) which is saturated or with ponded water.

4. Sludge should not be applied on land:

(1) when precipitation is imminent;

(2) which has received greater than 1/4 inch rainfall within the

24 hour period preceding the intended application time.

5. Sludge shall be incorporated as soon as possible after application

to prevent odor emission and runoff potential. Sludge shall be

incorporated within 48 hours or prior to any rainfall after

application whichever is most restictive.

6. The application rate shall not exceed 10 dry tons/acre or

   inches in depth.

7. Sludge shall not be applied on land which lies within 150 feet

from wells or other water supplies and 200 feet from surface

waters or intermittent streams.

8. Wind direction and velocity, humidity and the day of the week

shall also be considered prior to sludge transport and

applications with respect to neighboring activities.

9. Sludge amended land shall not lie fallow, but shall be seeded and

stabilized for plant growth as soon as possible after sludge

application and incorporation.

I hereby agree to adhere to the above conditions.

Section 391.APPENDIX I Water Treatment Plant Sludge User Information Sheet

1. Date:

2. Name of User:

3. Address of User:

4. Phone Number of User:

5. Location Where Sludge is to be Used:

6. Size of Area Where Sludge is to be Used:

7. Proximity of Site to closest: (a) Stream or other body of water

(b) Dwelling    (c) Well

(d) Other Water Supply, (describe)

8. Amount of Sludge Obtained:

(Specify Units)

9. Describe Use(s) of Sludge (e.g. Farmland or Agricultural, Garden,

Yard, Reclamation of Nutrient Deficient Land, Other):

10. Manner in Which Sludge is to be Applied (e.g. Spread by Truck or

dry applicator, by Hand, Worked into the Soil by Plowing,

Rototilling, Surface Application, Splash Plate, Knife injection,

other):

11. Will Sludge be Stockpiled Before Application Yes No (Circle

One)

12. Estimated Length of Time Sludge is to be Stockpiled:

13. Type and expected yield of crops to be grown on sludge conditioned

land:

14. The soil type and pH of the land that I am applying sludge is:

15. Limitations from Site Characteristics:

16. Has sludge been applied to land within last 5

years? Yes No (Circle One)

Name of Generator

Amount Applied

Years Applied

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE USE OF WATER TREATMENT PLANT SLUDGE

The sludge that you are obtaining contains the following:

Calcium Carbonate Equivalent    %

pH

Barium (Ba)    lbs. per dry ton

Cadmium (Cd)    lbs. per dry ton

Copper (Cu)    lbs. per dry ton

Lead (Pb)    lbs. per dry ton

Nickel (Ni)    lbs. per dry ton

Selenium (Se)    lbs. per dry ton

Zinc (Zn)    lbs. per dry ton

To maximize the benefits of conditioning soils with sludge and minimizing

possible adverse effects on the environment, it is required that the

following provisions be adhered to:

1. Climate Conditions:

a. Sludge application shall not be permitted on land during

precipitation.

b. Sludge application shall not be permitted on land which is

saturated or with ponded water.

c. Sludge application should not be permitted upon sites when

precipitation is imminent or which have received greater than

1/4 inch rainfall within the 24 hour period preceding the

application time.

d. Sludge application shall not be permitted on ice or snow

covered ground. Frozen ground which is not ice or snow

covered and has a slope of 5% or less may be used for winter

spreading providing a 200 feet grassy area or forage crop

exists between the sludge applied land and any surface water

or water well.

2. Buffer Area Requirements

a. Sludge application by incorporation or injection shall not be

done closer than 20 feet from any occupied dwelling or 10

feet from the closest edge of traveled portions of a public

road or outside roadway fence lines.

b. Surface application of sludge with no immediate incorporation

shall not be done closer than 200 feet from any occupied

dwelling or 20 feet from the closest edge of traveled

portions of a primary and secondary public roads or 10 feet

from the closest edge of lesser utilized public roads or

outside roadway fence lines.

c. Sludge shall not be applied in waterways. Application to

flood plains having a frequency of return more often than a

ten-year frequency shall not be allowed.

3. Soil and Geologic Conditions:

a. Sludge shall not be top applied (no incorporation) to farm

land having greater than 5% slope. If the slope does exceed

5% top application can be used providing the annual soil

loss, as calculated by the Universal Soil Loss Equation shall

not exceed 5 tons/acre.

b. Sludge may be incorporated on lands having slopes up to eight

percent, irrespective of soil loss. If the slope exceeds

eight percent, incorporation methods may be used providing

the annual soil loss does not exceed five tons per acre when

applying the Universal Soil Loss Equation.

4. Interim Storage and Application Restrictions:

a. Off-site interim storage of liquid sludge to land application

is not allowed.

b. Off-site interim storage of dried sludge in excess of 2

months is not allowed.

I hereby agree to adhere to the above conditions.

All blanks other than the above sign-off shall be filled in by the sludge

generator.

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