RCF00701.PDF

SUMMARY OF TODAY'S ACTION
PUBLIC COMMENTS
REASONS FOR DELAY

ILLINOIS POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

September 5, 1996

IN THE MATTER OF:

)

R95-17

SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT

)

(Identical-in-Substance Rules)

UPDATE, USEPA Amendments

)

(Public Water Supplies)

(January 1 through June, 30,

)

1995)

)

Adopted Rule. Final Order.

OPINION AND ORDER OF THE BOARD (by R.C. Flemal):

SUMMARY OF TODAY'S ACTION

Pursuant to Section 17.5 of the Environmental Protection Act (Act), the Board today adopts an

update to its regulations that are identical in substance to USEPA regulations implementing the Safe

Drinking Water Act (SDWA). The Board rules are contained in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 611. The text of

the adopted rules appears in the order segment of this document, following the discussions.

Section 17.5 of the Act provides for quick adoption of regulations that are "identical in

substance" to federal regulations. Section 17.5 provides that Title VII of the Act and Section 5 of the

Illinois Administrative Procedure Act (APA) shall not apply. Because this rulemaking is not subject to

Section 5 of the APA (5 ILCS 100/5-35 and 5-45), it is not subject to first notice requirements or

second notice review by the Joint Committee on Administrative Rules (JCAR).

As discussed more fully below, this rulemaking involves revisions of the Illinois public water

supply regulations. It includes the federal amendments to the SDWA analytical procedures corrections

and the deletion of obsolete, redundant, and outdated rules adopted by USEPA on June 29, 1995.

Further involved are several corrections to the base text of the regulations, as requested by the Illinois

EPA (Agency).

PUBLIC COMMENTS

The Board requested public comments on the proposal of April 18, 1996. The Board

accepted comments for more than 45 days after Notices of Proposed Amendments appeared in the

Illinois Register on May 3, 1996, at 20 Ill. Reg. 6121 (Part 607) and 611 (Part 6133). The Board

received the following three comments on the proposal:

PC 1

Illinois EPA (Agency), docketed June 17, 1996, by Connie L. Tonsor, Assistant

Counsel, Division of Legal Counsel.

PC 2

Illinois EPA (Agency), docketed June 26, 1996, by Lou Allyn Byus, Assistant

Manager, Field Operations, Division of Public Water Supplies (with attached letter to

Charlene Denys, Chief, Safe Drinking Water Branch, USEPA Region V, including

handwritten reply notes).

PC 3

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), docketed July 9, 1996, by Ronald

W. Murawski, Minnesota/Illinois State Project Officer, Safe Drinking Water Branch.

By PC 1, the Agency expressed general agreement with the approach taken by the Board on

the amendments. It included a small number of suggested revisions, and it requested that the Board

open a general rulemaking docket to consider the Agency-suggested amendments not included in the

April 18, 1996 proposal for public comment. (See discussion on pages 5 through 13 of this opinion

and order.) The Board opened docket R96-18 in response to that request.

PC 2 highlighted an apparent error in the text of certain federal amendments of June 29, 1995

relating to analytical methods. The Agency requested in PC 2 that the Board correct the error in

adopting these amendments. USEPA responded in PC 3 that there was no error. The Board considers

the Agency-suggested correction below, beginning on page 14 of this opinion and order.

REASONS FOR DELAY

Section 7.2(b) of the Environmental Protection Act (415 ILCS 5/7.2(b) requires the Board to

complete the present amendments within one year of the federal action upon which they are based.

Since the date of the earliest federal amendments was June 29, 1995, the nominal due date for

completion of this proceeding was June 29, 1996. The Board has been unable to complete this matter

before that date due to the magnitude of the review of the Public Water Supplies rules prompted by a

request filed by the Illinois EPA, the press of other matters before the Board, and the fact that the

Board will seek additional comment before filing the amendments with the Secretary of State. Section

7.2(b) allows the Board to extend the deadline by publishing a notice of the reasons for delay in the

Illinois Register. The Board presently anticipates filing these amendments within 35 days after the date

of this order--i.e., by October 10, 1996.

The Board will cause a copy of the above segment of this opinion to be published in the Illinois

ROUTINE DISCUSSIONS

At the end of the opinion segment of this document are two routine discussions generally made

as part of identical-in-substance opinions. The first is a summary of the history of the Illinois SDWA

identical-in-substance proceedings. The second is a summary of some of the conventions the Board

uses in deriving identical-in-substance rules. We present those discussions for general informational

purposes.

FEDERAL ACTIONS COVERED BY THIS RULEMAKING

AND GENERAL DISCUSSION OF THE PRESENT ISSUES

The SDWA program was drawn from 40 CFR 141 (national primary drinking water regulations

or NPDWRs), 40 CFR 142 (NPDWRs implementation), and 40 CFR 143 (national secondary

drinking water regulations or NSDWRs). The nominal update period of the R95-17 docket is from

January 1, 1995 through June 30, 1995. USEPA amended its SDWA regulations three times during

the update period; two sets of amendments require Board action, and the third does not. The federal

actions during the time-frame of this docket were as follows:

60 Fed. Reg. 33658 (June 28, 1995)

(Revisions to State Primacy Provisions)

60 Fed. Reg. 33926 (June 29, 1995)

(Deletion of Obsolete, Redundant, and Out-Dated

Rules)

60 Fed. Reg. 34084 (June 29, 1995)

(Analytical Methods Technical Corrections)

The amendments to the state primacy provisions, adopted by USEPA on June 28, 1995,

amended the provisions for withdrawal of federal authorization of a state's SDWA program. None of

the USEPA amendments affected the actual state program requirements, so no Board action is

necessary beyond noting the federal action. The deletion of obsolete, redundant, and out-dated rules on

June 29, 1995 included revisions to elements of the federal rules that have counterparts in the Illinois

regulations. Amendments resulted to the Illinois rules from those federal amendments. The analytical

methods amendments of June 29, 1995 corrected minor errors in the analytical methods amendments of

December 5, 1994 (59 Fed. Reg. 1994), adopted by the Board in consolidated docket R94-24/R95-3

on June 15, 1995, and in the July 17, 1992 (57 Fed. Reg. 31776) federal Phase V rules, adopted by

the Board in docket R93-1 on July 13, 1993. The June 29, 1993 analytical methods corrections also

require Board action.

Board action is further required by a comment filed March 1, 1996 by the Agency. That

comment highlights various errors and inconsistencies in the text of all of the Subtitle F regulations

(including the groundwater protection and groundwater quality rules). The Agency requested numerous

corrections to the text of the rules. Further discussion of this request and a detailed outline of the

corrections appear below on pages 5 through 13 of this discussion.

DETAILED SECTION-BY-SECTION-ANALYSIS

The Board adopts amendments in response to these federal actions. The following detailed

section-by-section discussion focuses on the details of the actions taken.

Routine, General and Housekeeping Amendments--All Sections

The Board has performed a number of standard revisions to the text of the federal rules. The

single most common revision is a change in usage to "USEPA", reversing the changes begun in an earlier

update docket. The Joint Committee on Administrative Rules requested that the Board standardize the

usage, choosing either "USEPA" or "U.S. EPA" throughout the text of all regulations in all media (air,

water, land, drinking water, etc.). The Agency Bureau of Air requested that the Board use "USEPA".

After consideration of the Bureau of Air's request, the Board elected to begin the conversion to

"USEPA", which commences in this docket as to the drinking water regulations and which will continue

into the future. Other standard revisions are so minor as to warrant no explanation. The standard

changes are as follows:

Where the federal rules require an action "by" a certain date, the Board renders that as "on or

before" that date.

We have changed various subsections to the active voice, rather than following the federal use

of the passive voice.

We have updated all Board Notes to reflect the 1995 version of the Code of Federal

Regulations, where appropriate.

Agency-Requested Corrections to the Rules--Many Sections

The Board received a letter on March 4, 1996 from the Agency. The Agency has reviewed all

of the Subtitle F regulations. The letter highlights a number of errors and format anomalies in the texts of

Parts 601, 602, 603, 606, 607, 611, 615, 616, 617, and 620. The Agency uses the letter to suggest a

number of corrective and conforming amendments that it wants the Board to ultimately make to the texts

in Subtitle F. The Board is making a great number of the revisions suggested by the Agency, but we

cannot make all the requested changes in the context of this proceeding. For a variety of reasons,

most

Most notably, many of the requested corrections relate to rules adopted by the Section 27 general

rulemaking procedure, they do not affect identical-in-substance subject matter, and/or the amendments

may require substantive review of the affected rule.

of the amendments the Board is not making in this proceeding are the proper subject of a Section 27

general rulemaking proceeding; those amendments are not the proper subject of a Section 17.5

identical-in-substance proceeding.

Parts 601 through 611 constitute the current Illinois drinking water rules. The primary emphasis

of Parts 601, 602, 603, 606, and 607 is on regulations unique to Illinois; these Parts predate the advent

of the current federal primary drinking water rules, and segments of those older rules survive in Parts

601, 602, 603, and 607. The Board ultimately repealed Parts 604 and 605 in the course of implement

the federal primary drinking water regulations of 40 CFR 141 through 143, from which Part 611 is

derived. The Board cannot "amend" the repealed Parts 604 and 605 so as to update the format of the

Source Notes, as requested by the Agency. Further, most of the Agency-requested corrective and

conforming amendments to Parts 601, 602, 603, 606, and 607 are not necessary to implementing the

federal primary drinking water regulations, and some would require substantive review of the rules.

Neither of these types of action is appropriate in the context of an identical-in-substance proceeding.

Parts 615 through 617 are the Illinois water well setback regulations, adopted using the general

rulemaking procedure of Sections 14.4 and 27 of the Act in R89-5, effective January 10, 1992. The

Board adopted Part 620 pursuant to Section 27 of the Act and Section 8 of the Illinois Groundwater

Protection Act [415 ILCS 55/8] in R89-14, effective November 25, 1991. The subject matters of the

setback and groundwater protection rules do not relate to the federal primary drinking water

regulations. Amendment of these Parts is also inappropriate in the context of an identical-in-substance

proceeding.

The Board has reviewed the entire list of over 100 suggested revisions submitted by the

Agency. Numerous amendments have resulted to the texts of Parts 607 and 611. The Board made the

recommended corrections and revisions within these Parts that were related to the Board's identical-in-

substance mandate under Section 17.5 of the Act. The table indicates a summary response to each

Agency suggestion, and notes at the end of the table give further explanation where necessary. The

following summarizes the Agency's suggestions and indicates the Board's response to each:

Agency-Recommended Corrections and Revisions

Section

Agency Request

Board Response/Action

1. 601 Source Note

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

2. 601.101

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

3. 601.103

Section missing from SOS file

Call SOS and provide copy of

filed rule

4. 601.105 "Act"

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

5. 601.105 "boil order"

Change "bacteriologically" to

"microbiologically"

§ 27 subject matter

6. 601.105 "certified

laboratory"

Add reference to Illinois Department of

Nuclear Safety; Update to ILCS

citation

§ 27 subject matters

7. 601.105 "persistent

contamination"

Change "check samples" to "repeat

samples"

See note 1 below

8. 601.105 "recurring

contamination"

Change "calendar year" to "twelve

consecutive month period"

See note 2 below

9. 601.105 "re-sell

water"

Change to "sell water"

See note 3 below

10. 602 Source Note

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

11. 602.105

Update names of statutes cited; update

to ILCS citations

§ 27 subject matters

12. 602.108

Repunctuate Section; correct cross-

reference to Section 602.105(c)

§ 27 subject matters

13. 602.109(a)

Correct to "registered person"

§ 27 subject matter

14. 602.110(c)

Add definite article before "permittee"

§ 27 subject matter

15. 602.114

Add comma after "Part"

§ 27 subject matter

16. 602.115(b)

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

17. 602.120

Change to "this Part"

§ 27 subject matter

18. 603 Source Note

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

19. 603.102

Update statutory citations; update to

ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matters

20. 603.103

Update statutory citations; update to

ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matters

21. 603.103(a)

Change "for" to "of"

§ 27 subject matter

22. 603.104

Update statutory citations; update to

ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matters

23. 603.104(c)

Change "for" to "of"

§ 27 subject matter

24. 604.401

Provision not shown as repealed in

SOS filed copy

Call SOS to assure Section does

not appear

25. 607 Source Note

Update to ILCS citation

See Note 4 below

26. 607.103(a)

Add requirement for boiling minimum

specified time; add requirement for

continuing notice until occurrence of

specified event

§ 27 subject matter

27. 607.103(b)

Repunctuate subsection for enhanced

clarity

§ 27 subject matter

28. 607.104(c)

Change reference to Part 611, to reflect

repeal of Parts 605 and 606

Done in this docket; see note 4

below

29. 607.104(e)

Correct "35 Ill. Adm. Code 603.103 or

604.102" to "35 Ill. Adm. Code 104 or

Section 17(b) of the Act

§ 27 subject matter

30. 611.100(a)

Correct ILCS citation to Section 17.5

Done in this docket

31. 611.100(b)

Add "to"

Done in this docket

32. 611.102(b)

"Technical Bulletin 601"

Change "Test" to "Testing"

Done in this docket

33. 611.102(b)

"ASTM Method

D1688-90 A or C"

Change "Graphit" to "Graphite"

Done in this docket

34. 611.130(b)(2)(A)

Change "TTHM" to "Fluoride"

Done in this docket

35. 611.130(c)(1)

Board Note

Change "PAT" to "PTA"

See note 5 below

36. 611.212(b)(3)(A)

Add "or"

Done in this docket

37. 611.212(d)(3)

Change "organism" to "organisms"

Done in this docket

38. 611.212(e)(1)

Correct "turbidity"

Done in this docket

39. 611.212(f)(2)

Add "surface"

Done in this docket

40. 611.212(g)

Correct "occurrence"

Done in this docket

41. 611.220 Board

Note

Correct citation to Public Health Code

See note 6 below

42. 611.357(c)(1)

Correct cross-reference to

"611.356(d)(2)(A)"

Done in this docket

43. 611.357(c)(2)

Correct cross-reference to

"611.356(d)(2)(B)"

Done in this docket

44. 611.359(a)(2)(C)

Add reference to the Agency's future

35 Ill. Adm. Code 184 regulations

See note 7 below

45. 611.510(b)(11)

Correct dieldrin method to "525.2"

Done in this docket, see note 8

below

46. 611.531(a)(2)

Change "to" to "of"

See note 9 below

47. 611.591

Correct "result of analysis . . . indicates"

Done in this docket

48. 611.606(b)

Insert "a"

Done in this docket

49. 611.611(a)(22)(E)

Correct "discrete"

Done in this docket

50. 611.611(c)(1)

Add reference to the Agency's future

35 Ill. Adm. Code 184 regulations

See note 7 below

51. 611.611(c)(2)(G)

Correct "mg/L"

Done in this docket

52. 611.630(b)

Add comma

Done in this docket

53. 611.641(d)

Correct cross-reference to Section

611.648(k)

See note 10 below

54. 611.645 Board

Note

Correct "alachlor"

Done in this docket

55. 611.646(k)(5)(C)

Add "the"

Done in this docket

56. 611.646(q)(1)(A),

(q)(2)(A) & (s)(2)(A)

Add reference to the Agency's future

35 Ill. Adm. Code 184 regulations

See note 7 below

57. 611.648

A page (subsections (l) through (r)) is

missing from the SOS filed copy of the

text

Call SOS and provide copy of

filed rule

58. 611.648(s)(2)(B)

Correct to "below"

Done in this docket

59. 611.683(a), (a)(4)

& (b)(1)

Correct cross-references to Section

611.680(b)

Done in this docket

60. 611.684

Correct cross-reference to Section

611.680(b)

Done in this docket

61. 611.685

Delete references to methods deleted in

R94-23/R95-3; the SOS filed copy has

two versions of the text

References deleted in this

docket; call SOS to assure only

correct version appears

62. 611.720(b)

Correct to "are"

Done in this docket

63. 611.731(a)(1) &

(c)(4)

Repunctuate proviso

Done in this docket

64. 611.731(c)(2)

Change to "processes"

Done in this docket

65. 611.732(a)(2)

Repunctuate proviso; correct to "dose"

Done in this docket

66. 611.831

Delete unnecessary comma

Done in this docket

67. 611.840(b)

Repunctuate for clarity

See note 11 below

68. 611.851(c)(3)

Delete cross-reference to Section

611.647

Done in this docket

69. 611.852(c)(1)

Correct to "within"

Done in this docket

70. 611.855

Missing from the SOS filed text

Call SOS and provide a copy if

needed

71. 611.858

Correct cross-references to Sections

611.301(b) and 611.603

Done in this docket

72. 611.864

Provision not adopted by the Board

appears in SOS text

Call JCAR

73. 611.870

Delete cross-references to repealed

Section 611.650 or repeal whole

Section

Section repealed in this docket

74. 611.App. A(16),

(24), (53), (57), (58) &

(70)

Correct usage to "groundwater"

See note 12 below

75. 611.App. A(20)

Correct punctuation

Done in this docket

76. 611.App. A(28)

Correct to "hearts"

Done in this docket

77. 611.App. A(36),

(40) & (41)

Correct to "an"

Done in this docket

78. 611.App. B

Add Table headings used by USEPA;

use "

≤

" and "

≥

"; delete ">"

Done in this docket, see note 13

below

79. 611.App. B, Table

1.1

Correct values to "376" and "298"

Done in this docket

80. 611.App. B, Table

1.3

Correct values to "218" and "226"

Done in this docket

81. 611.App. B, Table

1.4

Correct value to "98"

Done in this docket

82. 611.App. B,

Tables 2.1 & 3.1

Remove decimal points from values;

add missing footnotes from federal text

Done in this docket

83. 611.Table E

The SOS filed text includes two

versions of this provision

Call SOS for deletion of

improper version

84. 611.Table F

Correct alignment of text

Done in this docket

85. 615 Authority Note

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

86. 615.102 preamble,

"groundwater stan-

dards" & "licensed

water well contractor"

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

87. 615.102 "registered

land surveyor" &

"registered professional

engineer"

Update to new statutory citation

§ 27 subject matter

88. 615.203(b)(1) &

(b)(2)

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

89. 615.462

Correct cross-reference to "Subpart E"

§ 27 subject matter

90. 616 Authority Note

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

91. 616.101

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

92. 616.102

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

93. 616.104(g)

Correct statutory source reference to

"Section 14.2(c) of the Act"

§ 27 subject matter

94. 616.447

Correct heading to "Section 616.447"

§ 27 subject matter

95. 617 Authority Note

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

96. 617.101

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

97. 617.102

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

98. 620 Authority Note

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

99. 620.110 preamble,

"IGPA", "Private

Sewage Disposal Act"

& "previously mined

area" Board Note

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

100. 620.110 "cumula-

tive impact area"

Correct citation to "Surface Coal

Mining Land Conservation and

Reclamation Act" and update to ILCS

citation

§ 27 subject matter

101. 620.110 "unit"

Correct format of statutory source

reference

§ 27 subject matter

102. 620.260(k)(2)

Correct ILCS citation to "520 ILCS

10"

§ 27 subject matter

103. 620.301(c)

Use "Illinois Oil and Gas Act" in

statutory citation and update to ILCS

citation

§ 27 subject matter

104. 620.420(b)(2)

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

105. 620.450(b)(1)

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

106. 620.505(a)(5)(A)

& (a)(5)(C)

Update to ILCS citations

§ 27 subject matter

Note 1: The term "check" sample is used in Sections 611.680(b)(3) and 611.683(b)(1) of the Board's

rules (as it is in corresponding 40 CFR 141.30(b)(3) and (c)(2)), which relate to trihalomethanes, and in

Section 611.860(a)(2) of the Board's rules (as it is in corresponding 40 CFR 141.33(a)(2)), which

relates to bacteriological sampling. It also appears in Sections 654.301(c); 654.303(b); and

654.304(a), (b), and (e) of the Agency's rules, which relate to bacteriological sampling. The phrase

"repeat" sample is used in Sections 611.325(b), 611.522, 611.523(a)(2) and (a)(3), and 611.525 of

the Board's rules (as it is in corresponding 40 CFR 141.63(b) and 141.21(b), (c)(1)(ii), (c)(1)(iii), and

(e)) in the context of microbiological monitoring. In Section 611.560(b) (and corresponding 40 CFR

141.22(b)), the term relates to turbidity monitoring. Although a federal transition in terminology could

prompt identical-in-substance amendment of Illinois regulations not directly derived from federal

regulations in order to maintain consistency in the rules, the Board will not amend this usage at this time.

The term "check" is used as part of the definition of "persistent contamination" and is not defined here.

That means that this is part of the mixed, interchangeable usage of "check" and "repeat" sampling, rather

than the core source of possible confusion, and the suggested amendment would not add further clarity.

Since alteration of the usage should consider the merits of the regulatory text on some basis other than

consistency with the federal program, this is more appropriately a subject of a Section 27 proceeding.

Note 2: The phrase "recurrent contamination" appears only in Section 653.607(b)(3) of the Agency's

regulations and nowhere else in Parts 601 through 603, 607, or 611 of the Board's rules. Therefore the

requested amendment would not serve to conform the Board's rules to the federal SDWA program.

Amendment or repeal of rules on any other basis is more appropriate in the context of a Section 27

proceeding.

Note 3: The phrase "re-sell water" appears only in this definition. The phrase "sell water" appears only

in Section 611.100(d)(3) (as it is in corresponding 40 CFR 141.3(c)). Therefore the requested

amendment would not serve to conform the Board's rules to the federal SDWA program. Amendment

or repeal of rules on any other basis is more appropriate in the context of a Section 27 proceeding.

Note 4: The repeal of Part 605 occurred in docket R93-1, and the repeal of Part 606 occurred in

docket R88-26. Since both dockets were identical-in-substance proceedings, and the Board did not

correct the references at that those times, the amendment is the proper subject of this proceeding.

Since this Part is open for this amendment, the Board will comply with the Agency's request and update

the statutory citation in the authority note to the ILCS citation.

Note 5: The use of "PAT" indicated errors and discrepancies in the text of the federal rules. USEPA

corrected these on July 1, 1994, at 59 Fed. Reg. 34324. The Board did not delete the discussion of

the errors and discrepancies at that time, but is doing so in this docket.

Note 6: The Board cited 77 Ill. Adm. Code 900.40(e), which was the only provision relating to

operator certification that our research revealed. This citation further appears by way of example,

"e.g.". We cannot see that revision is necessary unless the Agency can indicate a more appropriate

citation.

Note 7: The Board cannot cross-reference regulations that do not yet exist. In fact, our research

reveals that the Agency had not proposed these rules as of the March 22, 1996 issue of the Illinois

of the Administrative Procedure Act (5 ILCS 100/5) than for the Board to adopt these amendments

using the identical-in-substance procedure, the Board will wait until at least after the Agency has acted

with regard to Part 184 before we update the cross-references to Part 183 to reflect Part 184. That

will likely occur in some future docket.

Note 8: In making the Agency-suggested correction, the Board notes that method 508.1 was also

omitted for this contaminant. We add that correction to this docket as well.

Note 9: The Board prefers to substitute "for" and has done so.

Note 10: The Board makes the correction in the cross-reference, but since former Section 611.648(k)

is now codified as Section 611.645, the Board used the new location.

Note 11: The Board uses "any" in place of "the" and "of" in place of "in".

Note 12: The term "groundwater" is already used in subsections (16) and (24), and subsection (56) is

amended to delete its substantive language in this proceeding, so the Board made no change in those

subsections. The Board converted all remaining occurrences to "groundwater" in subsections (53),

(57), and (70), a search further revealed that this change was also necessary for subsection (54).

Note 13: USEPA uses "

≤

" for pH 9.0 and greater in Tables 1.1 through 1.6. The Board has corrected

this to "

≥

", which is the correct scientific symbol.

The Board has three basic options in dealing with the Agency-requested amendments that we

have determined are more appropriate in the context of a Section 27 general rulemaking proceeding:

1. The Board could wait until the Agency files a separate petition for amendments pursuant to Section

27, doing nothing more until that time, then initiate the requested proceeding; or

2. The Board could interpret the Agency's letter as a petition for amendments pursuant to Section 27,

and immediately assign a separate docket number and initiate the rulemaking with the Agency as

proponent.

The Board invited comment on our responses to the Agency-recommended corrections to the

texts of Subtitle F Public Water Supplies regulations and on the approach we should take to

consideration of the Agency-requested amendments to Subtitle F. The Agency responded in PC 3,

asking that the Board consider its letters as the basis for opening a general rulemaking docket for

consideration of the amendments. In PC 3, the Agency committed to filing a more complete petition for

rulemaking to include these suggested amendments and possible others to the rules. The Board opened

docket R96-18 on June 20, 1196 for consideration of the Agency's suggested amendments.

Corrections to Analytical Methods--Sections 611.102(c), 611.526, 611.531, 611.600, 611.648,

611.683, 611.685 & 611.687

USEPA corrected typographical errors and technical errors and omissions in the SDWA

analytical methods on June 29, 1995, at 60 Fed. Reg. 34084. The Board has incorporated the federal

corrections with minimal deviation in language as necessary to conform with the text and format of the

existing Illinois regulations.

A correction to 40 CFR 141.21(f)(3) added a line about sample storage temperatures at

footnote 1 to the table (corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code 611.526(c)). The Board added this

language as an independent clause, rather than as a separate sentence, and conformed with our existing

"supplier" usage, rather than use "supply". Another correction to footnote 2 (corresponding with 35 Ill.

Adm. Code 611.526(c)(1)(A)) added the omitted language "and false-negative rate".

USEPA corrected the Standard Method 2550B to 2550 for temperature at 40 CFR

141.23(k)(1) (corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code 611.611(a)(24)), in order to reference the entire

method. It further removed footnote 1 to the table at 40 CFR 141.23(k)(4) (corresponding with 35 Ill.

Adm. Code 611.611(b)(1)(A), (b)(3)(A), (b)(4)(A), (b)(5)(A), (b)(6)(A), (b)(9)(A), (b)(10)(A),

(b)(14)(A), and (b)(15)(A)) to remove language already included in the referenced analytical method.

Another correction in the text of the table is in the proper format for "NaOH". It was not necessary for

the Board to act on this latter correction, since we did not repeat it in the original adoption of this

provision.

USEPA also corrected aspects of the synthetic and volatile organic chemical contaminant (SOC

and VOC) and trihalomethanes (THM) analytical methods. A correction to the chemical name "1,2-

dibromo-3-chloropropane" appeared in 40 CFR 141.24(h)(18) (corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code

611.648(r)(2)). USEPA restored inadvertently-removed language from Part III of removed Appendix

C to 40 CFR 141.30 at 40 CFR 141.30 (e) and (g) (corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code 611.685

and new 611.687) relating to THM and total THM potential sampling. In incorporating the 40 CFR

141.30(e) language, the Board used this opportunity to correct two oversights from the prior R94-

23/R95-3 docket: we deleted the incorporation of previously-removed 40 CFR 141, Subpart C,

Appendix C from Section 611.102(c), and we restored language pertaining to total THM sampling

erroneously deleted from Section 611.685 in that docket. In incorporating the newly-restored language

of 40 CFR 141.30(g), the Board has divided new Section 611.687 language into subsections for

enhanced clarity, altered the federal text to use "must" in subsection (a), and imposed the provisions of

the subsections (b) and (c) as requirements on the "supplier". USEPA also removed references to

USEPA methods 501.1 and 501.2 from 40 CFR 141.30(e) (corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code

611.685), which USEPA had earlier removed as viable for use. No Board action is required to remove

those references at this time because the Board earlier removed them in R94-24/R95-3, when we made

the amendments necessary to centralize the methods in response to the December 5, 1994 (59 Fed.

Reg. 62469) consolidation of analytical methods. Finally, USEPA added a reference at 40 CFR

141.30(c)(1) (corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code 611.683(a)(1)) to the total THM potential

sampling procedure of 40 CFR 141.30(g). The Board incorporated that amendment without revision.

USEPA also corrected 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1) (corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code

611.531(a)(2)). USEPA deleted the reference to analysis for temperature, corrected the method name

"fecal coliform procedure", added omitted language to footnote 2 to the table pertaining to sample

storage temperatures, and corrected the omission from footnote 3 language referring to the "false-

negative rate" for total coliforms. The Board has incorporated these federal corrections with only minor

deviations from the federal text: we have retained our use of Board Notes to present the federal

footnote material, and we used "the supplier" in place of "systems". Other federal corrections to 40

CFR 141.74(a)(1) were not necessary in the Illinois rules due to differences in the structures of the two

sets of regulations. These include the use of superscript for marking the footnotes.

The Board invited comment on our responses to the federal corrections to the Phase V and

analytical methods regulations. The Agency responded with PC 1, expressing general agreement with

the amendments made. The corrections recommended by the Agency in PC 1 and accepted by the

Board are tabulated as follows:

Agency-Prompted Revisions to the Text of the Proposed Rules

Section

Correction

611.100(a), (b) & (e)

Use "USEPA"

611.130(e)(6)

Add "BOARD NOTE:"

611.510(a)(2)

Correct spelling of "application"

611.526(c)

Correct spelling of "hold"

611.526(f)(2)

Use lower case for "agar"

611.526(h)

Correct spelling of "incorporations"

611.646(n), (p) & (q)

Use "USEPA"

611.687(c)(1)

Change "it" to "if"

The Board made no changes in response to a number of Agency recommendations asserting that there

were too many spaces between sentences in a handful of provisions: Sections 611.357(a)(1)(A);

611.526(f)(1), (f)(2), and (f)(3); 611.851(a)(1); and 611.Appendix A(15), (21), (57), (59), (60), and

(68). The Board could find no such errors in the text. However, the re-examination of the text

prompted by the Agency suggestions did disclose a handful of additional necessary corrections that the

Board has made. These are tabulated as follows:

Other Revisions to the Text of the Proposed Rules

Section

Correction

611.102(a) "Guidance Manual . . ."

Capitalize "Using" in title

611.102(a) "Guidance Manual . . .", "USEPA

Asbestos Methods-100.1", "USEPA Asbestos

Methods-100.2", "USEPA Environmental

Inorganics Methods", "USEPA Environmental

Metals Methods", "USEPA Organic Methods"

& "USEPA Technical Notes"

Use "USEPA"

611.102(b) "NTIS" & "United States

Environmental Protection Agency, EMSL"

methods listings, "USEPA, Science and

Technology Branch" heading

Use "USEPA"

611.641(d) Board note

Use "USEPA"

611.645 preamble

Use "USEPA"

In submitting PC 2, the Agency suggested further that USEPA made an error at 60 Fed. Reg.

34086 in adding footnote 2 to the entries for total coliforms and fecal coliforms in the table at 40 CFR

141.74(a)(1). The Agency requested that the Board correct the error in the text of the adopted

amendments. Attached to PC 2 is a June 20, 1996 letter from the Agency to USEPA discussing the

apparent error and requesting resolution. At the bottom of that letter is an hand-written note from

USEPA acknowledging the problem and promising resolution.

The addition of footnote 2 to the two entries for total coliforms and fecal coliforms had the

effect of significantly shortening the transit time formerly allowed for samples from 30 hours to eight

hours. The Agency contended in its letter to USEPA that this eight-hour transit time will create hardship

for public water supplies and laboratories in that many would be forced into prearranged direct transit of

samples and immediate analysis, rather than on overnight shipment and analysis. The Agency correctly

highlights that the preamble discussion at 60 Fed. Reg. 34084 considers adding a maximum sample

transit temperature limitation, but does not discuss transit time. The preamble discussion states that the

addition of the temperature limitation--i.e., the only correction relating to footnote 2--rectifies an error

made on December 5, 1994, at 59 Fed. Reg. 62456. The Agency correctly highlights that the

December 5, 1994 discussion at 59 Fed. Reg. 62460 declined to shorten the sample transit time to 24

hours because of the issues of hardship raised in public comments on such a reduction. USEPA stated

that it would work with states to minimize any such hardships if it should decide to reduce the transit

time from 30 hours to 24 hours.

PC 3, from USEPA Region V, relates a response to PC 2 from the Office of Ground Water

and Drinking Water. The Office stated that there is an intended difference between 40 CFR

141.21(f)(3) (corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code 611.526(c)), which allows a 30-hour transit time

for finished water samples, and 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1) (corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code

611.531(a)(1)), which was amended to eight hours for raw water samples from unfiltered supplies. The

Office explained that coliform die-off is more rapid for raw water samples than for finished water

samples, so the differences in the respective transit times "is no discrepancy". The Office proceeded to

explain that there are no unfiltered supplies in Illinois, so the 8-hour transit time would not apply here.

In considering the Agency's request to remove the reference to an eight-hour transit time for

total coliform and fecal coliform samples, we are inclined to agree with the Agency that an error has

occurred at the federal level. Further, we find that the comments from USEPA Office of Ground Water

and Drinking Water are not directly relevant to the issue whether USEPA erred in shortening the transit

time requirements. First, USEPA chose not to shorten the transit time to 24 hours on December 5,

1994, instead committing itself to addressing the issues and problems raised by such an action at a

future time. Nothing in the federal action of June 29, 1995 actually addresses the transit time. Rather,

the June 29 action was a series of technical amendments intended to correct the December 5 actions.

The only discussion relating to the corrections to footnote 2 relate to the maximum sample transit

temperature. This does not indicate that USEPA intended to address the transit time issues. Second,

section 4 of the federal Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. § 553) requires public notice for

comment on amendments to regulations. USEPA did not subject the eight-hour transit time to such

comment. Rather, USEPA made the express determination at 60 Fed. Reg. 34084 that public

comment on its technical corrections was "not necessary or within the public interest". This is a finding

allowed under APA section 4, but usually reserved to instances where the instant amendments do not

raise new issues on which comment has not previously been sought.

Despite this, the Board feels constrained to retain the eight-hour sample transit time

incorporated into the proposal for public comment. Our mandate under Sections 7.2 and 17.5 is to

adopt regulations that are "identical-in-substance" to the federal SDWA regulations. The federal rules

now provide an eight-hour transit time for fecal coliform and total coliform samples between the time of

sampling and the time of analysis. Nothing in the record before the Board clearly and unequivocally

indicates that USEPA did not intend this change. If the Board were to retain the 30-hour transit time

requirement, we would risk a situation in which the Illinois regulations would become less stringent than

the federal rules. This is a risk to federal authorization of the federal program that we are not willing to

take without a very clear indication from USEPA that the change to eight hours was an error and

correction of the error will not jeopardize state primacy.

For these reasons, the Board is retaining the eight-hour maximum sample retention time in this

final opinion and order. Nevertheless, we do believe that USEPA erred in applying this time to total

coliforms and fecal coliforms, so we will withhold filing these amendments for 30 days after the date of

this order. This 30 days will allow the Agency additional time to elicit the comments of USEPA directly

on this issue before the amendments would become effective. If the Board receives an indication from

USEPA that an error has occurred, the Board will have an additional opportunity to amend the rules by

a supplemental opinion and order.

The Board requests supplemental comment from USEPA on the issue of whether

USEPA erred in changing the 30-hour sample retention time for total coliforms and fecal

coliforms to eight hours. Specifically, the Board desires comment on whether we can retain

the 30-hour requirement without rendering the Illinois regulations fatally less stringent than

the federal rules on this point.

Deletion of Obsolete, Redundant, and Out-Dated Rules--Sections 611.300, 611.301, 611.600 &

611.Appendix A(56)

USEPA adopted the removal of obsolete, redundant, and out-dated rules on June 29, 1995 (60

Fed. Reg. 33926) in response to a March 4, 1995 Presidential order. The removal rulemakings on that

date embraced several federal environmental programs, including those under the Safe Drinking Water

Act. As to the SDWA primary drinking water regulations, USEPA removed seven segments of the

rules.

An amendment to 40 CFR 141.11 (corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code 611.300) removed

all the old maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) except that for arsenic. Those MCLs appeared in the

newer listing at 40 CFR 141.62 (corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code 611.301). It was not

necessary for the Board to make corresponding deletions, since the Board had already removed the

duplicative MCLs from Section 611.300; however, review of subsections (b) through (d) revealed

other outdated language that we deleted in this proceeding. This included an incorporation by reference

in subsection (d) rendered superfluous by the incorporation of the actual language from the incorporated

federal provision in prior docket R93-1.

Amendments to 40 CFR 141.23(a)(4)(i), 141.62(b)(14), and 141.32(e)(56) (corresponding

with 35 Ill. Adm. Code 611.600(d), 611.301(b), and 611.Appendix A(56), respectively) removed the

MCL and health effects warning for nickel from the table of MCLs, the methods table, and the health

effects provision. It left the nickel entries pertaining to analytical methods, BAT, and detection limits

intact. USEPA undertook this action in response to an agreed judicial remand in the consolidated

litigation in Nickel Development Institute v. EPA, No. 92-1407, and Specialty Steel Industry of the

U.S. v. Browner, No. 92-1410 (D.C. Cir.). The Board adopted the federal deletions without

significant deviation. We added an explanatory Board Note at Sections 611.301(b) and 611.600(d)

relating to the deletion of the nickel MCL. We further used the opportunity to remove obsolete

language from Section 611.301(b) and its Board Note. We also added our customary language at

Section 611.Appendix A(56) to maintain structural parity with the federal rules.

An amendment to 40 CFR 141.23(k)(3)(ii) (corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code

611.611(c)) corrected a typographical error. Since the Board corrected the error when adopting the

original rule in R93-1, the Board need not directly respond to this federal action. Although no

amendment of the corresponding Illinois rule is necessary based on this federal action, the Board

deleted language in the Board Note at Section 611.611(c)(2)(A) that explained our correction of the

federal error.

The Board does not need to respond to three other federal rules deletions. Illinois never

adopted the MCL goals (MCLGs) for drinking water contaminants because these are not mandatory

federal primary drinking water standards. This means that no amendment is necessary to remove the

nickel MCLG entries as in 40 CFR 141.51(b). Similarly, it is not necessary for the Board to respond

to the deletion of the one-time health effects notice for lead of 40 CFR 141.34. That requirement

expired prior to the initial implementation of the federal primary drinking water standards when the

Board adopted R88-26. The Board never incorporated that expired provision into the Illinois rules.

The Board invited comment on our responses to the federal deletion of obsolete, redundant,

and out-dated regulations. The Agency responded generally that it agreed with the Board's approach to

these actions.

SDWA REGULATORY HISTORICAL SUMMARY

The Board adopted the initial round of USEPA drinking water regulations, including the "Phase

I" rules, adopted by USEPA prior to June 30, 1989, as follows:

R88-26

114 PCB 149, August 9, 1990 (14 Ill. Reg. 16517, effective September 20,

1990).

Subsequent dockets updated the regulations to include federal amendments since that time:

R90-4

112 PCB 317, dismissed June 21, 1990 (no USEPA amendments July 1

through December 31, 1989).

R90-13

117 PCB 687, December 20, 1990 (15 Ill. Reg. 1562, effective January 22,

1991) (January 1, 1990 through June 30, 1990).

R90-21

116 PCB 365, November 29, 1990 (14 Ill. Reg. 20448, effective December

11, 1990) (Corrections to R88-26).

R91-3

137 PCB 253, November 19, 1992 (16 Ill. Reg. 19010, effective December 1,

1992) (USEPA Phase II and Coliforms--consolidated with R92-9; July 1,

1990 through January 31, 1991).

R91-15

137 PCB 627, dismissed December 3, 1992 (no USEPA amendments

February 1, 1991 through May 31, 1991).

R92-3

-- PCB --, May 6, 1993 (17 Ill. Reg. 7796, effective May 18, 1993) (USEPA

Phase IIB and Lead and Copper rules; June 1, 1991 through December 31,

1991).

R92-9

137 PCB 253, November 19, 1992 (16 Ill. Reg. 19010, effective December 1,

1992) (Corrections to Phase I rules, R88-26--consolidated with R91-3).

R92-12

137 PCB 725, dismissed December 3, 1992 (no USEPA amendments June 1,

1992 through June 30, 1991).

R93-1

-- PCB --, July 14, 1993 (17 Ill. Reg. 12648, effective July 23, 1993)

(USEPA Phase V rules; July 1, 1992 through December 31, 1992).

R93-19

-- PCB --, dismissed September 23, 1993 (no USEPA amendments January 1

through June 30, 1993).

R94-4

-- PCB --, July 21, 1994 (18 Ill. Reg. 12291, effective July 28, 1995) (TTHM

analytical methods; July 1, 1993 through December 31, 1993).

R94-23

-- PCB --, June 15, 1995 (19 Ill. Reg. 8613, effective June 20, 1995) (Lead

and Copper Corrections; January 1 through June 30, 1994) (Consolidated

with R95-3).

R95-3

-- PCB --, June 15, 1995 (19 Ill. Reg. 8613, effective June 20, 1995) (Phase

II, IIB & V Corrections & Analytical Methods Amendments; July 1 through

December 31, 1994) (Consolidated with R94-23).

R95-17

This Docket, -- PCB --, September 5, 1996 (-- Ill. Reg. --, effective October

--, 1996) (Corrections to analytical methods and deletion of obsolete,

redundant, and outdated provisions; January 1 through June, 30, 1995).

R96-7

-- PCB --, dismissed March 7, 1996 (no USEPA amendments July 1 through

December 31, 1995).

R97-2

Reserved docket. (January 1 through June 30, 1996).

AGENCY OR BOARD ACTION?

Section 7.2(a)(5) of the Act requires the Board to specify which decisions USEPA will retain.

In addition, the Board is to specify which State agency is to make decisions based on the general

division of functions within the Act and other Illinois statutes.

In situations where the Board has determined that USEPA will retain decision-making authority,

the Board has replaced "Regional Administrator" with USEPA, so as to avoid specifying which office

within USEPA is to make a decision.

In a few instances, decisions are not appropriate for Agency action pursuant to a permit

application. Among the considerations in determining the general division of authority between the

Agency and the Board are the following:

1. Is the person making the decision applying a Board regulation, or taking action contrary to

("waiving") a Board regulation? It generally takes some form of Board action to "waive" a

Board regulation.

2. Is there a clear standard for action such that the Board can give meaningful review to an

Agency decision?

3. Does the action result in exemption from the permit requirement itself? If so, Board action

is generally required.

4. Does the decision amount to "determining, defining or implementing environmental control

standards" within the meaning of Section 5(b) of the Act? If so, it must be made by the Board.

There are four common classes of Board decision: variance, adjusted standard, site specific

rulemaking, and enforcement. The first three are methods by which a regulation can be temporarily

postponed (variance) or adjusted to meet specific situations (adjusted standard or site specific

rulemaking). Note that there often are differences in the nomenclature for these decisions between the

USEPA and Board regulations.

EDITORIAL CONVENTIONS

As a final note, the federal rules have been edited to establish a uniform usage throughout the

Board's regulations. For example, with respect to "shall", "will", and "may", "shall" is used when the

subject of a sentence has to do something; "must" is used when someone has to do something, but that

someone is not the subject of the sentence; "will" is used when the Board obliges itself to do something,

and "may" is used when choice of a provision is optional. As to the conjunctions, "or" is used rather

than "and/or", and denotes "one or both"; "either . . . or" denotes "one but not both"; and "and" denotes

"both".

ORDER

The Board will delay 30 days submitting these amendments to the Secretary of State for filing

and publication in the Illinois Register.

TITLE 35: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

SUBTITLE F: PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES

CHAPTER I: POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

PART 607

OPERATION AND RECORD KEEPING

Section

607.101

Protection During Repair Work (Repealed)

607.102

Disinfection Following Repair or Reconstruction (Repealed)

607.103

Emergency Operation

607.104

Cross Connections

607.105

Laboratory Testing Equipment (Repealed)

607.106

Record Maintenance (Repealed)

607.APPENDIXppendix A

References to Former Rules (Repealed)

AUTHORITY: Implementing Section 17 and authorized by Section 27 of the

Environmental Protection Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 111 1/2, pars. 1017

and 1027)[415 ILCS 5/17 & 27].

SOURCE: Filed with Secretary of State January 1, 1978; amended and codified

at 6 Ill. Reg. 11497 effective September 14, 1982; amended in R88-26 at 14

Ill. Reg. 16512, effective September 20, 1990; amended in R95-17 at 20 Ill.

Reg. ________, effective ______________________.

Section 607.104

Cross Connections

No physical connection shall be permitted between the potable

portion of a supply and any other water supply not of equal or

better bacteriological and chemical quality as determined by

inspection and analysis by the Agency, except as provided for in

subsection (d).

There shall be no arrangement or connection by which an unsafe

substance may enter a supply.

Control of all cross-connections to a supply is the responsibility

of the owner or official custodian of the supply. If a privately

owned water supply source meets the applicable criteria, it may be

connected to a water supply upon approval by the owner or official

custodian and by the Agency. Where such connections are

permitted, it is the responsibility of the public water supply

officials to assure submission from such privately owned water

supply source or sources samples and operating reports, as

required by 35 Ill. Adm. Code 605 and 606611 as applicable to the

cross-connected source.

The Agency may adopt specific conditions for control of unsafe

cross-connections, which shall be complied with by the supplies of

this State, as applicable. These conditions shall be adopted

and/or changed by the Agency as prescribed in 35 Ill. Adm. Code

602.115.

Each community water supply exempted pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code

603.103 or 604.402 shall provide an active program approved by the

Agency to continually educate and inform water supply consumers

regarding prevention of the entry or contaminants into the

distribution system. Conditions under which the Agency will

approve this active program shall be adopted or changed by the

Agency as prescribed in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 602.115.

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

TITLE 35: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

SUBTITLE F: PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES

CHAPTER I: POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

PART 611

PRIMARY DRINKING WATER STANDARDS

SUBPART A: GENERAL

Section

611.100

Purpose, Scope and Applicability

611.101

Definitions

611.102

Incorporations by Reference

611.103

Severability

611.107

Agency Inspection of PWS Facilities

611.108

Delegation to Local Government

611.109

Enforcement

611.110

Special Exception Permits

611.111

Section 1415 Variances

611.112

Section 1416 Variances

611.113

Alternative Treatment Techniques

611.114

Siting requirements

611.115

Source Water Quantity

611.120

Effective dates

611.121

Maximum Contaminant Levels and Finished Water Quality

611.125

Fluoridation Requirement

611.126

Prohibition on Use of Lead

611.130

Special Requirements for Certain Variances and Adjusted Standards

SUBPART B: FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION

Section

611.201

Requiring a Demonstration

611.202

Procedures for Agency Determinations

611.211

Filtration Required

611.212

Groundwater under Direct Influence of Surface Water

611.213

No Method of HPC Analysis

611.220

General Requirements

611.230

Filtration Effective Dates

611.231

Source Water Quality Conditions

611.232

Site-specific Conditions

611.233

Treatment Technique Violations

611.240

Disinfection

611.241

Unfiltered PWSs

611.242

Filtered PWSs

611.250

Filtration

611.261

Unfiltered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping

611.262

Filtered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping

611.271

Protection during Repair Work

611.272

Disinfection following Repair

SUBPART C: USE OF NON-CENTRALIZED TREATMENT DEVICES

Section

611.280

Point-of-Entry Devices

611.290

Use of Point-of-Use Devices or Bottled Water

SUBPART D: TREATMENT TECHNIQUES

Section

611.295

General Requirements

611.296

Acrylamide and Epichlorohydrin

611.297

Corrosion Control

SUBPART F: MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS (MCL's)

Section

611.300

Old MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals

611.301

Revised MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals

611.310

Old MCLs for Organic Chemicals

611.311

Revised MCLs for Organic Contaminants

611.320

Turbidity

611.325

Microbiological Contaminants

611.330

Radium and Gross Alpha Particle Activity

611.331

Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity

SUBPART G: LEAD AND COPPER

Section

611.350

General Requirements

611.351

Applicability of Corrosion Control

611.352

Corrosion Control Treatment

611.353

Source Water Treatment

611.354

Lead Service Line Replacement

611.355

Public Education and Supplemental Monitoring

611.356

Tap Water Monitoring for Lead and Copper

611.357

Monitoring for Water Quality Parameters

611.358

Monitoring for Lead and Copper in Source Water

611.359

Analytical Methods

611.360

Reporting

611.361

Recordkeeping

SUBPART K: GENERAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section

611.480

Alternative Analytical Techniques

611.490

Certified Laboratories

611.491

Laboratory Testing Equipment

611.500

Consecutive PWSs

611.510

Special Monitoring for Unregulated Contaminants

SUBPART L: MICROBIOLOGICAL

MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section

611.521

Routine Coliform Monitoring

611.522

Repeat Coliform Monitoring

611.523

Invalidation of Total Coliform Samples

611.524

Sanitary Surveys

611.525

Fecal Coliform and E. Coli Testing

611.526

Analytical Methodology

611.527

Response to Violation

611.531

Analytical Requirements

611.532

Unfiltered PWSs

611.533

Filtered PWSs

SUBPART M: TURBIDITY MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section

611.560

Turbidity

SUBPART N: INORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section

611.591

Violation of State MCL

611.592

Frequency of State Monitoring

611.600

Applicability

611.601

Monitoring Frequency

611.602

Asbestos Monitoring Frequency

611.603

Inorganic Monitoring Frequency

611.604

Nitrate Monitoring

611.605

Nitrite Monitoring

611.606

Confirmation Samples

611.607

More Frequent Monitoring and Confirmation Sampling

611.608

Additional Optional Monitoring

611.609

Determining Compliance

611.610

Inorganic Monitoring Times

611.611

Inorganic Analysis

611.612

Monitoring Requirements for Old Inorganic MCLs

611.630

Special Monitoring for Sodium

611.631

Special Monitoring for Inorganic Chemicals

SUBPART O: ORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section

611.640

Definitions

611.641

Old MCLs

611.645

Analytical Methods for Organic Chemical Contaminants

611.646

Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V Volatile Organic Contaminants

611.647

Sampling for Phase I Volatile Organic Contaminants (Repealed)

611.648

Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V Synthetic Organic Contaminants

611.650

Monitoring for 36 Contaminants (Repealed)

611.657

Analytical Methods for 36 Contaminants (Repealed)

611.658

Special Monitoring for Organic Chemicals

SUBPART P: THM MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section

611.680

Sampling, Analytical and other Requirements

611.683

Reduced Monitoring Frequency

611.684

Averaging

611.685

Analytical Methods

611.686

Modification to System

611.687

Sampling for THM Potential

SUBPART Q: RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section

611.720

Analytical Methods

611.731

Gross Alpha

611.732

Manmade Radioactivity

SUBPART T: REPORTING, PUBLIC NOTIFICATION AND RECORDKEEPING

Section

611.830

Applicability

611.831

Monthly Operating Report

611.832

Notice by Agency

611.833

Cross Connection Reporting

611.840

Reporting

611.851

Reporting MCL and other Violations

611.852

Reporting other Violations

611.853

Notice to New Billing Units

611.854

General Content of Public Notice

611.855

Mandatory Health Effects Language

611.856

Fluoride Notice

611.858

Fluoride Secondary Standard

611.860

Record Maintenance

611.870

List of 36 Contaminants

611.Appendix A

Mandatory Health Effects Information

611.Appendix B

Percent Inactivation of G. Lamblia Cysts

611.Appendix C

Common Names of Organic Chemicals

611.Appendix D

Defined Substrate Method for the Simultaneous Detection of

Total Coliforms and Eschericia Coli from Drinking Water

611.Appendix E

Mandatory Lead Public Education Information

611.Table A

Total Coliform Monitoring Frequency

611.Table B

Fecal or Total Coliform Density Measurements

611.Table C

Frequency of RDC Measurement

611.Table D

Number of Lead and Copper Monitoring Sites

611.Table E

Lead and Copper Monitoring Start Dates

611.Table F

Number of Water Quality Parameter Sampling Sites

611.Table G

Summary of Monitoring Requirements for Water Quality

Parameters

611.Table Z

Federal Effective Dates

AUTHORITY: Implementing Sections 17 and 17.5 and authorized by Section 27 of

the Environmental Protection Act [415 ILCS 5/17, 17.5 and 27].

SOURCE: Adopted in R88-26 at 14 Ill. Reg. 16517, effective September 20,

1990; amended in R90-21 at 14 Ill. Reg. 20448, effective December 11, 1990;

amended in R90-13 at 15 Ill. Reg. 1562, effective January 22, 1991; amended in

R91-3 at 16 Ill. Reg. 19010, December 1, 1992; amended in R92-3 at 17 Ill.

Reg. 7796, effective May 18, 1993; amended in R93-1 at 17 Ill. Reg. 12650,

effective July 23, 1993; amended in R94-4 at 18 Ill. Reg. 12291, effective

July 28, 1994; amended in R94-23 at 19 Ill. Reg. 8613, effective June 20,

1995; amended in R95-17 at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective

______________________.

Note: Capitalization denotes statutory language.

SUBPART A: GENERAL

Section 611.100

Purpose, Scope and Applicability

This Part satisfies the requirement of Section 17.5 of the

Environmental Protection Act (Act) [415 ILCS 5/17.5] that the

Board adopt regulations which are identical in substance with

federal regulations promulgated by the United States Environmental

Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) pursuant to Sections 1412(b),

1414(c), 1417(a) and 1445(a) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

(42 U.S.C. 300f et seq.)

This Part establishes primary drinking water regulations (NPDWRs)

pursuant to the SDWA, and also includes additional, related State

requirements which are consistent with and more stringent than the

U.S. EPA regulations (Section 7.2(a)(6) of the Act). The latter

provisions are specifically marked as "additional State

requirements". They apply only to community water systems (CWSs).

This Part applies to "suppliers", owners and operators of "public

water systems" ("PWSs"). PWSs include CWSs, "non-community water

systems ("non-CWSs") and "non-transient non-community water

systems ("NTNCWSs"), as these terms are defined in Section

611.101.

CWS suppliers are required to obtain permits from the

Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (Agency) pursuant

to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 602.

Non-CWS suppliers are subject to additional regulations

promulgated by the Illinois Department of Public Health

(Public Health) pursuant to Section 9 of the Illinois

Groundwater Protection Act [415 ILCS 55/9], including 77

Ill. Adm. Code 900.

Non-CWS suppliers are not required to obtain permits or

other approvals from the Agency, or to file reports or other

documents with the Agency. Any provision in this Part so

providing is to be understood as requiring the non-CWS

supplier to obtain the comparable form of approval from, or

to file the comparable report or other document with Public

Health.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.1 (1994).

This Part applies to each PWS, unless the PWS meets all of the

following conditions:

Consists only of distribution and storage facilities (and

does not have any collection and treatment facilities);

Obtains all of its water from, but is not owned or operated

by, a supplier to which such regulations apply;

Does not sell water to any person; and

Is not a carrier which conveys passengers in interstate

commerce.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.3 (1994).

Some subsection labels have been omitted in order to maintain

local consistency between U.S. EPA subsection labels and the

subsection labels in this Part.

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.102

Incorporations by Reference

Abbreviations and short-name listing of references. The following

names and abbreviated names, presented in alphabetical order, are

used in this Part to refer to materials incorporated by reference:

"Amco-AEPA-1 Polymer" is available from Advanced Polymer

Systems.

"ASTM Method" means a method published by and available from

the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

"Colisure Test" means "Colisure Presence/Absence Test for

Detection and Identification of Coliform Bacteria and

Escherichia Coli in Drinking Water", available from

Millipore Corporation, Technical Services Department.

"Dioxin and Furan Method 1613" means "Tetra- through Octa-

Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans by Isotope-Dilution

HRGC/HRMS", available from NTIS.

"GLI Method 2" means GLI Method 2, "Turbidity", Nov. 2,

1992, available from Great Lakes Instruments, Inc.

"Guidance Manual for Compliance with the Filtration and

Disinfection Requirements for Public Water Systems uUsing

Surface Water Sources", available from U.S. EPA Science and

Technology Branch.

"HASL Procedure Manual" means HASL Procedure Manual, HASL

300, available from ERDA Health and Safety Laboratory.

"Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible

Concentrations of Radionuclides in Air and in Water for

Occupational Exposure", NCRP Report Number 22, available

from NCRP.

"NCRP" means "National Council on Radiation Protection".

"NTIS" means "National Technical Information Service".

"ONGP-MUG Test" (meaning "minimal medium ortho-nitrophenyl-

beta-d-galactopyranoside-4-methyl-umbelliferyl-beta-d-

glucuronide test"), also called the "Autoanalysis Colilert

System", is Method 9223, available in "Standard Methods for

the Examination of Water and Wastewater", 18th ed., from

American Public Health Association.

"Procedures for Radiochemical Analysis of Nuclear Reactor

Aqueous Solutions", available from NTIS.

"Radiochemical Methods" means "Interim Radiochemical

Methodology for Drinking Water", available from NTIS.

"Standard Methods", means "Standard Methods for the

Examination of Water and Wastewater", available from the

American Public Health Association or the American

Waterworks Association.

"Technical Bulletin 601" means "Technical Bulletin 601,

"Standard Method of Testing for Nitrate in Drinking Water",

July, 1994, available from Analytical Technology, Inc.

"Technicon Methods" means "Fluoride in Water and

Wastewater", available from Technicon.

"U.S. EPA Asbestos Methods-100.1" means Method 100.1,

"Analytical Method for Determination of Asbestos Fibers in

Water", available from NTIS.

"U.S. EPA Asbestos Methods-100.2" means Method 100.2,

"Determination of Asbestos Structures over 10-

m in Length

in Drinking Water", available from NTIS.

"U.S. EPA Environmental Inorganics Methods" means "Methods

for the Determination of Inorganic Substances in

Environmental Samples", available from NTIS.

"U.S. EPA Environmental Metals Methods" means "Methods for

the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples",

available from NTIS.

"U.S. EPA Inorganic Methods" means "Methods for Chemical

Analysis of Water and Wastes", available from NTIS.

(Methods 150.1, 150.2, and 245.2, which formerly appeared in

this reference, are available from U.S. EPA EMSL.)

"U.S. EPA Organic Methods" means "Methods for the

Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water", July,

1991, for Methods 502.2, 505, 507, 508, 508A, 515.1, and

531.1; "Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds

in Drinking Water--Supplement I", July, 1990, for Methods

506, 547, 550, 550.1, and 551; and "Methods for the

Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water--

Supplement II", August, 1992, for Methods 515.2, 524.2,

548.1, 549.1, 552.1, and 555, available from NTIS. Methods

504.1, 508.1, and 525.2 are available from EPA EMSL.

"USGS Methods" means "Methods of Analysis by the U.S.

Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--

Determination of Inorganic and Organic Constituents in Water

and Fluvial Sediments", available from NTIS and USGS.

"U.S. EPA Technical Notes" means "Technical Notes on

Drinking Water Methods", available from NTIS.

"Waters Method B-1011" means "Waters Test Method for the

Determination of Nitrite/Nitrate in Water Using Single

Column Ion Chromatography", available from Millipore

Corporation, Waters Chromatography Division.

The Board incorporates the following publications by reference:

Access Analytical Systems, Inc., See Environetics, Inc.

Advanced Polymer Systems, 3696 Haven Avenue, Redwood City,

CA 94063 415-366-2626:

Amco-AEPA-1 Polymer. See 40 CFR 141.22(a) (1995).

Also, as referenced in ASTM D1889.

American Public Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street

NW, Washington, DC 20005 800-645-5476:

"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and

Wastewater", 18th Edition, 1992, including "Supplement

to the 18th Edition of Standard Methods for the

Examination of Water and Wastewater", 1994

(collectively referred to as "Standard Methods, 18th

ed."). See the methods listed separately for the same

references under American Water Works Association.

Analytical Technology, Inc. ATI Orion, 529 Main Street,

Boston, MA 02129:

Technical Bulletin 601, "Standard Method of Test for

Nitrate in Drinking Water", July, 1994, PN 221890-001

(referred to as "Technical Bulletin 601").

ASTM. American Society for Testing and Materials, 1976 Race

Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103 215-299-5585:

ASTM Method D511-93 A and B, "Standard Test Methods

for Calcium and Magnesium in Water", "Test Method A--

complexometric Titration" & "Test Method B--Atomic

Absorption Spectrophotometric", approved 1993.

ASTM Method D515-88 A, "Standard Test Methods for

Phosphorus in Water", "Test Method A--Colorimetric

Ascorbic Acid Reduction", approved August 19, 1988.

ASTM Method D859-88, "Standard Test Method for Silica

in Water", approved August 19, 1988.

ASTM Method D1067-92 B, "Standard Test Methods for

Acidity or Alkalinity in Water", "Test Method B--

Electrometric or Color-Change Titration", approved May

15, 1992.

ASTM Method D1125-91 A, "Standard Test Methods for

Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of Water",

"Test Method A--Field and Routine Laboratory

Measurement of Static (Non-Flowing) Samples", approved

June 15, 1991.

ASTM Method D1179-93 B "Standard Test Methods for

Fluoride in Water", "Test Method B--Ion Selective

Electrode", approved 1993.

ASTM Method D1293-84 "Standard Test Methods for pH of

Water", "Test Method A--Precise Laboratory

Measurement" & "Test Method B--Routine or Continuous

Measurement", approved October 26, 1984.

ASTM Method D1688-90 A or C, "Standard Test Methods

for Copper in Water", "Test Method A--Atomic

Absorption, Direct" & "Test Method C--Atomic

Absorbtion, Graphit Furnace", approved March 15, 1990.

ASTM Method D2036-91 A or B, "Standard Test Methods

for Cyanide in Water", "Test Method A--Total Cyanides

after Distillation" & "Test Method B--Cyanides

Amenable to Chlorination by Difference", approved

September 15, 1991.

ASTM Method D2459-72, "Standard Test Method for Gamma

Spectrometry in Water," approved July 28, 1972,

discontinued 1988.

ASTM Method D2907-91, "Standard Test Methods for

Microquantities of Uranium in Water by Fluorometry",

"Test Method A--Direct Fluorometric" & "Test Method

B--Extraction", approved June 15, 1991.

ASTM Method D2972-93 B or C, "Standard Test Methods

for Arsenic in Water", "Test Method B--Atomic

Absorption, Hydride Generation" & "Test Method C--

Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace", approved 1993.

ASTM Method D3223-91, "Standard Test Method for Total

Mercury in Water", approved September 23, 1991.

ASTM Method D3559-90 D, "Standard Test Methods for

Lead in Water", "Test Method D--Atomic Absorption,

Graphite Furnace", approved August 6, 1990.

ASTM Method D3645-93 B, "Standard Test Methods for

Beryllium in Water", "Method B--Atomic Absorption,

Graphite Furnace", approved 1993.

ASTM Method D3697-92, "Standard Test Method for

Antimony in Water", approved June 15, 1992.

ASTM Method D3859-93 A, "Standard Test Methods for

Selenium in Water", "Method A--Atomic Absorption,

Hydride Method", approved 1993.

ASTM Method D3867-90 A and B, "Standard Test Methods

for Nitrite-Nitrate in Water", "Test Method A--

Automated Cadmium Reduction" & "Test Method B--Manual

Cadmium Reduction", approved January 10, 1990.

ASTM Method D4327-91, "Standard Test Method for Anions

in Water by Ion Chromatography", approved October 15,

1991.

American Waterworks Association et al., 6666 West Quincy

Ave., Denver, CO 80235 303-794-7711:

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and

Wastewater, 13th Edition, 1971 (referred to as

"Standard Methods, 13th ed.").

Method 302, Gross Alpha and Gross Beta

Radioactivity in Water (Total, Suspended and

Dissolved).

Method 303, Total Radioactive Strontium and

Strontium 90 in Water.

Method 304, Radium in Water by Precipitation.

Method 305, Radium 226 by Radon in Water

(Soluble, Suspended and Total).

Method 306, Tritium in Water.

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and

Wastewater, 18th Edition, 1992 (referred to as

"Standard Methods, 18th ed."):

Method 2130 B, Turbidity, Nephelometric Method.

Method 2320 B, Alkalinity, Titration Method.

Method 2510 B, Conductivity, Laboratory Method.

Method 2550 B, Temperature, Laboratory and Field

Methods.

Method 3111 B, Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption

Spectrometry, Direct Air-Acetylene Flame Method.

Method 3111 D, Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption

Spectrometry, Direct Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene

Flame Method.

Method 3112 B, Metals by Cold-Vapor Atomic

Absorption Spectrometry, Cold-Vapor Atomic

Absorption Spectrometric Method.

Method 3113 B, Metals by Electrothermal Atomic

Absorption Spectrometry, Electrothermal Atomic

Absorption Spectrometric Method.

Method 3114 B, Metals by Hydride

Generation/Atomic Absorption Spectrometry,

Manual Hydride Generation/Atomic Absorption

Spectrometric Method.

Method 3120 B, Metals by Plasma Emission

Spectroscopy, Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP)

Method.

Method 3500-Ca D, Calcium, EDTA Titrimetric

Method.

Method 4110 B, Determination of Anions by Ion

Chromatography, Ion Chromatography with Chemical

Suppression of Eluent Conductivity.

Method 4500-CN

C, Cyanide, Total Cyanide after

Distillation.

Method 4500-CN

E, Cyanide, Colorimetric Method.

Method 4500-CN

F, Cyanide, Cyanide-Selective

Electrode Method.

Method 4500-CN

G, Cyanide, Cyanides Amenable to

Chlorination after Distillation.

Method 4500-Cl D, Chlorine (Residual),

Amperometric Titration Method.

Method 4500-Cl E, Chlorine (Residual), Low-Level

Amperometric Titration Method.

Method 4500-Cl F, Chlorine (Residual), DPD

Ferrous Titrimetric Method.

Method 4500-Cl G, Chlorine (Residual), DPD

Colorimetric Method.

Method 4500-Cl H, Chlorine (Residual),

Syringaldazine (FACTS) Method.

Method 4500-Cl I, Chlorine (Residual),

Iodometric Electrode Technique.

Method 4500-ClO

C, Chlorine Dioxide,

Amperometric Method I.

Method 4500-ClO

D, Chlorine Dioxide, DPD

Method.

Method 4500-ClO

E, Chlorine Dioxide,

Amperometric Method II (Proposed).

Method 4500-F

B, Fluoride, Preliminary

Distillation Step.

Method 4500-F

C, Fluoride, Ion-Selective

Electrode Method.

Method 4500-F

D, Fluoride, SPADNS Method.

Method 4500-F

E, Fluoride, Complexone Method.

Method 4500-H

B, pH Value, Electrometric

Method.

Method 4500-NO

B, Nitrogen (Nitrite),

Colorimetric Method.

Method 4500-NO

D, Nitrogen (Nitrate), Nitrate

Electrode Method.

Method 4500-NO

E, Nitrogen (Nitrate), Cadmium

Reduction Method.

Method 4500-NO

F, Nitrogen (Nitrate),

Automated Cadmium Reduction Method.

Method 4500-O

B, Ozone (Residual) (Proposed),

Indigo Colorimetric Method.

Method 4500-P E, Phosphorus, Ascorbic Acid

Method.

Method 4500-P F, Phosphorus, Automated Ascorbic

Acid Reduction Method.

Method 4500-Si D, Silica, Molybdosilicate

Method.

Method 4500-Si E, Silica, Heteropoly Blue

Method.

Method 4500-Si F, Silica, Automated Method for

Molybdate-Reactive Silica.

Method 4500-SO

C, Sulfate, Gravimetric Method

with Ignition of Residue.

Method 4500-SO

D, Sulfate, Gravimetric Method

with Drying of Residue.

Method 4500-SO

F, Sulfate, Automated

Methylthymol Blue Method.

Method 6651, Glyphosate Herbicide (Proposed).

Method 9215 B, Heterotrophic Plate Count, Pour

Plate Method.

Method 9221 A, Multiple-Tube Fermentation

Technique for Members of the Coliform Group,

Introduction.

Method 9221 B, Multiple-Tube Fermentation

Technique for Members of the Coliform Group,

Standard Total Coliform Fermentation Technique.

Method 9221 C, Multiple-Tube Fermentation

Technique for Members of the Coliform Group,

Estimation of Bacterial Density.

Method 9221 D, Multiple-Tube Fermentation

Technique for Members of the Coliform Group,

Presence-Absence (P-A) Coliform Test.

Method 9222 A, Membrane Filter Technique for

Members of the Coliform Group, Introduction.

Method 9222 B, Membrane Filter Technique for

Members of the Coliform Group, Standard Total

Coliform Membrane Filter Procedure.

Method 9222 C, Membrane Filter Technique for

Members of the Coliform Group, Delayed-

Incubation Total Coliform Procedure.

Method 9223, Chromogenic Substrate Coliform Test

(Proposed).

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and

Wastewater, 18th Edition Supplement, 1994 (Referred to

as "Standard Methods, 18th ed."):

Analytical Technology, Inc. ATI Orion, 529 Main Street,

Boston, MA 02129:

Technical Bulletin 601, "Standard Method of Testing

for Nitrate in Drinking Water", July, 1994, PN 221890-

001 (referred to as "Technical Bulletin 601").

ASTM. American Society for Testing and Materials, 1976 Race

Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103 215-299-5585:

ASTM Method D511-93 A and B, "Standard Test Methods

for Calcium and Magnesium in Water", "Test Method A--

complexometric Titration" & "Test Method B--Atomic

Absorption Spectrophotometric", approved 1993.

ASTM Method D515-88 A, "Standard Test Methods for

Phosphorus in Water", "Test Method A--Colorimetric

Ascorbic Acid Reduction", approved August 19, 1988.

ASTM Method D859-88, "Standard Test Method for Silica

in Water", approved August 19, 1988.

ASTM Method D1067-92 B, "Standard Test Methods for

Acidity or Alkalinity in Water", "Test Method B--

Electrometric or Color-Change Titration", approved May

15, 1992.

ASTM Method D1125-91 A, "Standard Test Methods for

Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of Water",

"Test Method A--Field and Routine Laboratory

Measurement of Static (Non-Flowing) Samples", approved

June 15, 1991.

ASTM Method D1179-93 B "Standard Test Methods for

Fluoride in Water", "Test Method B--Ion Selective

Electrode", approved 1993.

ASTM Method D1293-84 "Standard Test Methods for pH of

Water", "Test Method A--Precise Laboratory

Measurement" & "Test Method B--Routine or Continuous

Measurement", approved October 26, 1984.

ASTM Method D1688-90 A or C, "Standard Test Methods

for Copper in Water", "Test Method A--Atomic

Absorption, Direct" & "Test Method C--Atomic

Absorbtion, Graphite Furnace", approved March 15,

1990.

ASTM Method D2036-91 A or B, "Standard Test Methods

for Cyanide in Water", "Test Method A--Total Cyanides

after Distillation" & "Test Method B--Cyanides

Amenable to Chlorination by Difference", approved

September 15, 1991.

ASTM Method D2459-72, "Standard Test Method for Gamma

Spectrometry in Water," approved July 28, 1972,

discontinued 1988.

ASTM Method D2907-91, "Standard Test Methods for

Microquantities of Uranium in Water by Fluorometry",

"Test Method A--Direct Fluorometric" & "Test Method

B--Extraction", approved June 15, 1991.

ASTM Method D2972-93 B or C, "Standard Test Methods

for Arsenic in Water", "Test Method B--Atomic

Absorption, Hydride Generation" & "Test Method C--

Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace", approved 1993.

ASTM Method D3223-91, "Standard Test Method for Total

Mercury in Water", approved September 23, 1991.

ASTM Method D3559-90 D, "Standard Test Methods for

Lead in Water", "Test Method D--Atomic Absorption,

Graphite Furnace", approved August 6, 1990.

ASTM Method D3645-93 B, "Standard Test Methods for

Beryllium in Water", "Method B--Atomic Absorption,

Graphite Furnace", approved 1993.

ASTM Method D3697-92, "Standard Test Method for

Antimony in Water", approved June 15, 1992.

ASTM Method D3859-93 A, "Standard Test Methods for

Selenium in Water", "Method A--Atomic Absorption,

Hydride Method", approved 1993.

ASTM Method D3867-90 A and B, "Standard Test Methods

for Nitrite-Nitrate in Water", "Test Method A--

Automated Cadmium Reduction" & "Test Method B--Manual

Cadmium Reduction", approved January 10, 1990.

ASTM Method D4327-91, "Standard Test Method for Anions

in Water by Ion Chromatography", approved October 15,

1991.

Method 6610, Carbamate Pesticides.

ERDA Health and Safety Laboratory, New York, NY:

HASL Procedure Manual, HASL 300, 1973. See 40 CFR

141.25(b)(2) (1995).

Great Lakes Instruments, Inc., 8855 North 55th Street,

Milwaukee, WI 53223:

GLI Method 2, "Turbidity", Nov. 2, 1992.

Millipore Corporation, Technical Services Department, 80

Ashby Road, Milford, MA 01730 800-654-5476:

Colisure Presence/Absence Test for Detection and

Identification of Coliform Bacteria and Escherichia

Coli in Drinking Water, February 28, 1994 (referred to

as "Colisure Test").

Millipore Corporation, Waters Chromatography Division, 34

Maple St., Milford, MA 01757 800-252-4752:

Waters Test Method for the Determination of

Nitrite/Nitrate in Water Using Single Column Ion

Chromatography, Method B-1011 (referred to as "Waters

Method B-1011").

NCRP. National Council on Radiation Protection, 7910

Woodmont Ave., Bethesda, MD 301-657-2652:

"Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum

Permissible Concentrations of Radionuclides in Air and

in Water for Occupational Exposure", NCRP Report

Number 22, June 5, 1959.

NTIS. National Technical Information Service, U.S.

Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield,

VA 22161 (703) 487-4600 or 800-553-6847:

Method 100.1, "Analytical Method for Determination of

Asbestos Fibers in Water", EPA-600/4-83-043,

September, 1983, Doc. No. PB83-260471 (referred to as

"U.S. EPA Asbestos Methods-100.1").

Method 100.2, "Determination of Asbestos Structures

over 10-

m in Length in Drinking Water", EPA-600/4-83-

043, June, 1994, Doc. No. PB94-201902 (Referred to as

"U.S. EPA Asbestos Methods-100.2".

"Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes",

March, 1983, Doc. No. PB84-128677 (referred to as

"U.S. EPA Inorganic Methods"). (Methods 150.1, 150.2,

and 245.2, which formerly appeared in this reference,

are available from U.S. EPA EMSL.)

"Methods for the Determination of Metals in

Environmental Samples", June, 1991, Doc. No. PB91-

231498 (referred to as "U.S. EPA Environmental Metals

Methods").

"Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in

Drinking Water", December, 1988, revised July, 1991,

EPA-600/4-88/039 (referred to as "U.S. EPA Organic

Methods"). (For methods 502.2, 505, 507, 508, 508A,

515.1 and 531.1.)

"Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in

Drinking Water--Supplement I", July, 1990, EPA-600-4-

90-020 (referred to as "U.S. EPA Organic Methods").

(For methods 506, 547, 550, 550.1, and 551.)

"Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in

Drinking Water--Supplement II", August, 1992, EPA-

600/R-92-129 (referred to as "U.S. EPA Organic

Methods"). (For methods 515.2, 524.2, 548.1, 549.1,

552.1 and 555.)

"Procedures for Radiochemical Analysis of Nuclear

Reactor Aqueous Solutions", H.L. Krieger and S. Gold,

EPA-R4-73-014, May, 1973, Doc. No. PB222-154/7BA.

"Technical Notes on Drinking Water Methods", EPA-

600/R-94-173, October, 1994, Doc. No. PB-104766

(referred to as "U.S. EPA Technical Notes").

BOARD NOTE: U.S. EPA made the following assertion

with regard to this reference at 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1)

and 141.24(e) and (n)(11) (19945): This document

contains other analytical test procedures and approved

analytical methods that remain available for

compliance monitoring until July 1, 1996.

"Tetra- through Octa- Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans

by Isotope Dilution HRGC/HRMS", October, 1994, EPA-

821-B-94-005 (referred to as "Dioxin and Furan Method

1613").

Technicon Industrial Systems, Tarrytown, NY 10591:

"Fluoride in Water and Wastewater", Industrial Method

#129-71W, December, 1972 (referred to as "Technicon

Methods: Method #129-71W"). See 40 CFR

141.23(f)(10), footnotes 6 and 7 (1995).

"Fluoride in Water and Wastewater", #380-75WE,

February, 1976 (referred to as "Technicon Methods:

Method #380-75WE"). See 40 CFR 141.23(f)(10),

footnotes 6 and 7 (1995).

United States Environmental Protection Agency, EMSL,

Cincinnati, OH 45268 513-569-7586:

"Interim Radiochemical Methodology for Drinking

Water", EPA-600/4-75-008 (referred to as

"Radiochemical Methods"). (Revised) March, 1976.

"Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in

Finished Drinking Water and Raw Source Water"

(referred to as "U.S. EPA Organic Methods"). (For

methods 504.1, 508.1, and 525.2 only). See NTIS.

"Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes"

(referred to as "U.S. EPA Inorganic Methods"). See

NTIS. (Methods 150.1, 150.2, and 245.2 only)

"Procedures for Radiochemical Analysis of Nuclear

Reactor Aqueous Solutions". See NTIS.

U. S. EPA, Science and Technology Branch, Criteria and

Standards Division, Office of Drinking Water, Washington

D.C. 20460:

"Guidance Manual for Compliance with the Filtration

and Disinfection Requirements for Public Water Systems

using Surface Water Sources", October, 1989.

USGS. Books and Open-File Reports Section, United States

Geological Survey, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO

80225-0425:

Methods available upon request by method number from

"Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey

National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of

Inorganic and Organic Constituents in Water and

Fluvial Sediments", Open File Report 93-125 or Book 5,

Chapter A-1, "Methods for Determination of Inorganic

Substances in Water and Fluvial Sediments", 3d ed.,

Open-File Report 85-495, 1989, as appropriate

(referred to as "USGS Methods").

I-1030-85

I-1062-85

I-1601-85

I-1700-85

I-2598-85

I-2601-90

I-2700-85

I-3300-85

The Board incorporates the following federal regulations by

reference:

40 CFR 136, Appendix B and C (19945).

40 CFR 141, Subpart C, Appendix C (1994).

This Part incorporates no later amendments or editions.

(Source: Amended at 19 Ill. Reg. 8613, effective June 20, 1995)

Section 611.130

Special Requirements for Certain Variances and Adjusted

Standards

Relief from the TTHM MCL.

In granting any variance or adjusted standard to a supplier

that is a CWS that adds a disinfectant at any part of

treatment and which provides water to 10,000 or more persons

on a regular basis from the maximum contaminant level for

TTHM listed in Section 611.310(c), the Board will require

application of the best available technology (BAT)

identified at subsection (a)(4) below for that constituent

as a condition to the relief, unless the supplier has

demonstrated through comprehensive engineering assessments

that application of BAT is not technically appropriate and

technically feasible for that system, or it would only

result in a marginal reduction in TTHM for that supplier.

The Board will require the following as a condition for

relief from the TTHM MCL where it does not require the

application of BAT:

That the supplier continue to investigate the

following methods as an alternative means of

significantly reducing the level of TTHM, according to

a definite schedule:

introduction of off-line water storage for THM

precursor reduction;

ii)

aeration for TTHM reduction, where geography and

climate allow;

iii)

introduction of clarification, where not

presently practiced;

iv)

use of alternative sources of raw water; and

use of ozone as an alternative or supplemental

disinfectant or oxidant, and

That the supplier report results of that investigation

to the Agency.

The Agency shall petition the Board to reconsider or modify

a variance or adjusted standard, pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm.

Code 101.Subpart K, if it determines that an alternative

method identified by the supplier pursuant to subsection

(a)(2) above is technically feasible and would result in a

significant reduction in TTHM.

Best available technology for TTHM reduction:

use of chloramines as an alternative or supplemental

disinfectant,

use of chlorine dioxide as an alternative or

supplemental disinfectant, or

improved existing clarification for THM precursor

reduction.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.60 (1994). The

restrictions of this subsection do not apply to

suppliers regulated for TTHM as an additional state

requirement. See the Board Note to Section

611.301(c).

Relief from the fluoride MCL.

In granting any variance or adjusted standard to a supplier

that is a CWS from the maximum contaminant level for

fluoride listed in Section 611.301(b), the Board will

require application of the best available technology (BAT)

identified at subsection (b)(4) below for that constituent

as a condition to the relief, unless the supplier has

demonstrated through comprehensive engineering assessments

that application of BAT is not technically appropriate and

technically feasible for that supplier.

The Board will require the following as a condition for

relief from the fluoride MCL where it does not require the

application of BAT:

That the supplier continue to investigate the

following methods as an alternative means of

significantly reducing the level of TTHM fluoride,

according to a definite schedule:

modification of lime softening;

ii)

alum coagulation;

iii)

electrodialysis;

iv)

anion exchange resins;

well field management;

vi)

use of alternative sources of raw water; and

vii)

regionalization, and

That the supplier report results of that investigation

to the Agency.

The Agency shall petition the Board to reconsider or modify

a variance or adjusted standard, pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm.

Code 101.Subpart K, if it determines that an alternative

method identified by the supplier pursuant to subsection

(b)(2) above is technically feasible and would result in a

significant reduction in fluoride.

Best available technology for fluoride reduction:

activated alumina absorption centrally applied, and

reverse osmosis centrally applied.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.61 (1994).

Relief from an inorganic chemical contaminant, VOC, or SOC MCL.

In granting to a supplier that is a CWS or NTNCWS any

variance or adjusted standard from the maximum contaminant

levels for any VOC or SOC, listed in Section 611.311(a) or

(c), or for any inorganic chemical contaminant, listed in

Section 611.301, the supplier must have first applied the

best available technology (BAT) identified at Section

611.311(b) (VOCs and SOCs) or Section 611.301(c) (inorganic

chemical contaminants) for that constituent, unless the

supplier has demonstrated through comprehensive engineering

assessments that application of BAT would achieve only a

minimal and insignificant reduction in the level of

contaminant.

BOARD NOTE: U.S. EPA lists BAT for each SOC and VOC at 40

CFR 142.62(a) (19945), for the purposes of variances and

exemptions (adjusted standards). That list is identical to

the list at 40 CFR 141.61(b) (1995)., with three exceptions:

the section 142.62 listing adds PTA ("PAT") for alachlor;

lists OX for hexachlorobenzene, instead of GAC; and omits

PTA for toxaphene. The Board has chosen to use the section

141.61(a) (Section 611.311) BAT listing because we believe

that this leads to greater consistency.

The Board may require any of the following as a condition

for relief from a MCL listed in Section 611.301 or 611.311:

That the supplier continue to investigate alternative

means of compliance according to a definite schedule,

and

That the supplier report results of that investigation

to the Agency.

The Agency shall petition the Board to reconsider or modify

a variance or adjusted standard, pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm.

Code 101.Subpart K, if it determines that an alternative

method identified by the supplier pursuant to subsection

(c)(2) above is technically feasible.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.62(a) through (e)

(1994).

Conditions requiring use of bottled water or point-of-use or

point-of-entry devices. In granting any variance or adjusted

standard from the maximum contaminant levels for organic and

inorganic chemicals or an adjusted standard from the treatment

technique for lead and copper, the Board may impose certain

conditions requiring the use of bottled water, point-of-entry

devices, or point-of-use devices to avoid an unreasonable risk to

health, limited as provided in subsections (e) and (f) below.

Relief from an MCL. The Board may, when granting any

variance or adjusted standard from the MCL requirements of

Sections 611.301 and 611.311, impose a condition that

requires a supplier to use bottled water, point-of-use

devices, point-of-entry devices or other means to avoid an

unreasonable risk to health.

Relief from corrosion control treatment. The Board may,

when granting an adjusted standard from the corrosion

control treatment requirements for lead and copper of

Sections 611.351 and 611.352, impose a condition that

requires a supplier to use bottled water and point-of-use

devices or other means, but not point-of-entry devices, to

avoid an unreasonable risk to health.

Relief from source water treatment or service line

replacement. The Board may, when granting an exemption from

the source water treatment and lead service line replacement

requirements for lead and copper under Sections 611.353 or

611.354, impose a condition that requires a supplier to use

point-of-entry devices to avoid an unreasonable risk to

health.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.62(f) (1994).

Use of bottled water. Suppliers that propose to use or use

bottled water as a condition for receiving a variance or an

adjusted standard from the requirements of Section 611.301 or

Section 611.311, or an adjusted standard from the requirements of

Sections 611.351 through 611.354 must meet the requirements of

either subsections (e)(1), (e)(2), (e)(3), and (e)(6) or (e)(4),

(e)(5) and (e)(6) below:

The supplier must develop a monitoring program for Board

approval that provides reasonable assurances that the

bottled water meets all MCLs of Sections 611.301 and 611.311

and submit a description of this program as part of its

petition. The proposed program must describe how the

supplier will comply with each requirement of this

subsection.

The supplier must monitor representative samples of the

bottled water for all contaminants regulated under Sections

611.301 and 611.311 during the first three-month period that

it supplies the bottled water to the public, and annually

thereafter.

The supplier shall annually provide the results of the

monitoring program to the Agency.

The supplier must receive a certification from the bottled

water company as to each of the following:

that the bottled water supplied has been taken from an

approved source of bottled water, as such is defined

in Section 611.101;

that the approved source of bottled water has

conducted monitoring in accordance with 21 CFR

129.80(g)(1) through (3);

and that the bottled water does not exceed any MCLs or

quality limits as set out in 21 CFR 103.35, 110, and

129.

The supplier shall provide the certification required by

subsection (e)(4) above to the Agency during the first

quarter after it begins supplying bottled water and annually

thereafter.

The supplier shall assure the provision of sufficient

quantities of bottled water to every affected person

supplied by the supplier via door-to-door bottled water

delivery.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.62(g) (1994).

Use of point-of-entry devices. Before the Board grants any PWS a

variance or adjusted standard from any NPDWR that includes a

condition requiring the use of a point-of-entry device, the

supplier must demonstrate to the Board each of the following:

that the supplier will operate and maintain the device;

that the device provides health protection equivalent to

that provided by central treatment;

that the supplier will maintain the microbiological safety

of the water at all times;

that the supplier has established standards for performance,

conducted a rigorous engineering design review, and field

tested the device;

that the operation and maintenance of the device will

account for any potential for increased concentrations of

heterotrophic bacteria resulting through the use of

activated carbon, by backwashing, post-contactor

disinfection, and heterotrophic plate count monitoring;

that buildings connected to the supplier's distribution

system have sufficient devices properly installed,

maintained, and monitored to assure that all consumers are

protected; and

that the use of the device will not cause increased

corrosion of lead and copper bearing materials located

between the device and the tap that could increase

contaminant levels at the tap.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.62(h) (1994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

SUBPART B: FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION

Section 611.212

Groundwater under Direct Influence of Surface Water

The Agency shall, pursuant to Section 611.201, require all CWSs to demonstrate

whether they are using "groundwater under the direct influence of surface

water" by June 29, 1994. The Agency shall determine with information provided

by the supplier whether a PWS uses "groundwater under the direct influence of

surface water" on an individual basis. The Agency shall determine that a

groundwater source is under the direct influence of surface water based upon:

Physical characteristics of the source: whether the source is

obviously a surface water source, such as a lake or stream. Other

sources which may be subject to influence from surface waters

include: springs, infiltration galleries, wells or other

collectors in subsurface aquifers.

Well construction characteristics and geology with field

evaluation.

The Agency may use the wellhead protection program's

requirements, which include delineation of wellhead

protection areas, assessment of sources of contamination and

implementation of management control systems, to determine

if the wellhead is under the influence of surface water.

Wells less than or equal to 50 feet in depth are likely to

be under the influence of surface water.

Wells greater than 50 feet in depth are likely to be under

the influence of surface water, unless they include:

A surface sanitary seal using bentonite clay, concrete

or similar material,

A well casing that penetrates consolidated (slowly

permeable) material, and

A well casing that is only perforated or screened

below consolidated (slowly permeable) material.

A source which is less than 200 feet from any surface water

is likely to be under the influence of surface water.

Any structural modifications to prevent the direct influence of

surface water and eliminate the potential for Giardia lamblia cyst

contamination.

Source water quality records. The following are indicative that a

source is under the influence of surface water:

A record of total coliform or fecal coliform contamination

in untreated samples collected over the past three years,

A history of turbidity problems associated with the source,

A history of known or suspected outbreaks of Giardia lamblia

or other pathogenic organisms associated with surface water

(e.g. cryptosporidium), whichthat has been attributed to

that source.

Significant and relatively rapid shifts in water characteristics

such as turbidity, temperature, conductivity or pH.

A variation in turbidity of 0.5 NTU or more over one year is

indicative of surface influence.

A variation in temperature of 9 Fahrenheit degrees or more

over one year is indicative of surface influence.

Significant and relatively rapid shifts in water characteristics

such as turbidity, temperature, conductivity or pH which closely

correlate to climatological or surface water conditions are

indicative of surface water influence.

Evidence of particulate matter associated with the surface

water. or,

Turbidity or temperature data which correlates to that of a

nearby surface water source.

Particulate analysis: Significant occurreance of insects or other

macroorganisms, algae or large diameter pathogens such as Giardia

lamblia is indicative of surface influence.

"Large diameter" particulates are those over 7 micrometers.

Particulates must be measured as specified in the "Guidance

Manual for Compliance with the Filtration and Disinfection

Requirements for Public Water Systems using Surface Water

Sources", incorporated by reference in Section 611.102.

The potential for contamination by small-diameter pathogens, such

as bacteria or viruses, does not alone render the source "under

the direct influence of surface water".

BOARD NOTE: Derived from the definition of "groundwater under the

direct influence of surface water" in 40 CFR 141.2 (19945); from

the Preamble at 54 Fed. Reg. 27489 (June 29, 1989); and from the

U.S. EPA "Guidance Manual for Compliance with the Filtration and

Disinfection Requirements for Public Water Systems using Surface

Water Sources", incorporated by reference in Section 611.102.

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.220

General Requirements

The requirements of this Subpart constitute NPDWRs. This Subpart

establishes criteria under which filtration is required as a

treatment technique for PWSs supplied by a surface water source

and PWSs supplied by a groundwater source under the direct

influence of surface water. In addition, these regulations

establish treatment technique requirements in lieu of MCLs for the

following contaminants: Giardia lamblia, viruses, HPC bacteria,

Legionella and turbidity. Each supplier with a surface water

source or a groundwater source under the direct influence of

surface water shall provide treatment of that source water that

complies with these treatment technique requirements. The

treatment technique requirements consist of installing and

properly operating water treatment processes which reliably

achieve:

At least 99.9 percent (3-log) removal or inactivation of

Giardia lamblia cysts between a point where the raw water is

not subject to recontamination by surface water runoff and a

point downstream before or at the first customer; and

At least 99.99 percent (4-log) removal or inactivation of

viruses between a point where the raw water is not subject

to recontamination by surface water runoff and a point

downstream before or at the first customer.

A supplier using a surface water source or a groundwater source

under the direct influence of surface water is considered to be in

compliance with the requirements of subsection (a) if:

It meets the requirements for avoiding filtration in

Sections 611.230 through 611.232 and the disinfection

requirements in Section 611.241; or

It meets the filtration requirements in Section 611.250 and

the disinfection requirements in Section 611.242.

Each supplier using a surface water source or a groundwater source

under the direct influence of surface water shall have a certified

operator pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 603.103 and the Public

Water Supply Operations Act [415 ILCS 45].

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.70 (19945). The Public Water

Supply Operations Act applies only to CWSs, which are regulated by

the Agency. It does not apply to non-CWSs, which are regulated by

Public Health. Public Health has its own requirements for

personnel operating water supplies that it regulates, e.g., 77

Ill. Adm. Code 900.40(e).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

SUBPART F: MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS (MCL'S)

Section 611.300

Old MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals

The old MCLs listed in subsection (b) below for inorganic

chemicals apply only to CWS suppliers. Compliance with old MCLs

for inorganic chemicals is calculated pursuant to Section 611.612,

except that analyses for arsenic are to be performed pursuant to

Section 611.611.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.11(a) (19945).

The following are the old MCL's for inorganic chemicals, with the

old MCL for cyanide effective only until the revised MCL for

cyanide at Section 611.301(a) becomes effective:

Contaminant

Level, mg/L

Additional

State

Requirement (*)

Arsenic

0.05

Iron

1.0

Manganese

0.15

Zinc

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.11(b) & (c) (19945).

This provision, which corresponds with 40 CFR 141.11, was

formerly the only listing of MCLs for inorganic parameters.

However, U.S. EPA added another listing of inorganic MCLs

at 40 CFR 141.62 at 56 Fed. Reg. 3594 (Jan. 30, 1991), which

corresponds with Section 611.301. Following the changing

U.S. EPA codification scheme creates two listings of MCLs:

one at this Section and one at Section 611.301. This causes

fluoride to appear in both the 40 CFR 141.11(b) and

141.62(b) listings with the same MCL. The Board has deleted

the corresponding fluoride MCL from this Section in favor of

that which appears at Section 611.301(b).

This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.11(c) (1995), the

substance of which the Board has codified in subsection (b)

abovemarked as reserved by USEPA. This statement maintains

structural parity with the federal rules.

Nitrate.

1) The Board incorporates by reference 40 CFR 141.11(d) (1994).

This incorporation includes no later editions or

amendments.

Non-CWSs may exceed the MCL for nitrate under the following

circumstances:

The nitrate level must not exceed 20 mg/L,

The water must not be available to children under six

months of age,

There will be continuous posting of the fact that the

nitrate level exceeds 10 mg/L together with the public

health effects information set forth in paragraph (2)

of Section 611.Appendix A,

The supplier will annually notify local public health

authorities and Public Health of the nitrate levels

that exceed 10 mg/L, and

No adverse public health effects result.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.11(d) (19945).

Public Health regulations may impose a nitrate

limitation requirement. Those regulations are at 77

Ill. Adm. Code 900.50.

The following supplementary condition applies to the MCLs listed

in subsection (b) above for iron and manganese:

CWS suppliers that serve a population of 1000 or less, or

300 service connections or less, are exempt from the

standards for iron and manganese.

The Agency may, by special exception permit, allow iron and

manganese in excess of the MCL if sequestration tried on an

experimental basis proves to be effective. If sequestration

is not effective, positive iron or manganese reduction

treatment as applicable must be provided. Experimental use

of a sequestering agent may be tried only if approved by

special exception permit.

BOARD NOTE: This is an additional State requirement.

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.301

Revised MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals

This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.62(a), reserved by

U.S. EPA. This statement maintains structural consistency with

U.S. EPA rules.

The MCLs in the following table apply to CWSs. Except for

fluoride, the MCLs also apply to NTNCWSs. The MCLs for nitrate,

nitrite, and total nitrate and nitrite also apply to transient

non-CWSs. The MCLs for antimony, beryllium, cyanide, nickel, and

thallium are effective January 17, 1994.

Contaminant

MCL

Units

Antimony

0.006

mg/L

Asbestos

MFL

Barium

mg/L

Beryllium

0.004

mg/L

Cadmium

0.005

mg/L

Chromium

0.1

mg/L

Cyanide (as free CN

)

0.2

mg/L

Fluoride

4.0

mg/L

Mercury

0.002

mg/L

Nickel 0.1 mg/L

Nitrate (as N)

10.

mg/L

Nitrite (as N)

mg/L

Total Nitrate and Nitrite

10.

mg/L

(as N)

Selenium

0.05

mg/L

Thallium

0.002

mg/L

BOARD NOTE: See the definition of "initial compliance

period" at Section 611.101. The federal secondary MCL for

fluoride is 2.0 mg/L. The federal regulations require

public notice when water exceeds this level. See 40 CFR

143.3 and 143.5 (1994). The Illinois notice requirement for

fluoride above 2.0 mg/L appears at Section 611.858.See

Section 611.300(d) for an elevated nitrate level for non-

CWSs. USEPA removed and reserved the MCL for nickel on June

29, 1995, at 60 Fed. Reg. 33932, as a result of a judicial

order in Nickel Development Institute v. EPA, No. 92-1407,

and Specialty Steel Industry of the U.S. v. Browner, No. 92-

1410 (D.C. Cir. Feb. 23 & Mar. 6, 1995), while retaining the

contaminant, analytical methodology, and detection limit

listings for this contaminant.

U.S. EPA has identified the following as BAT for achieving

compliance with the MCL for the inorganic contaminants identified

in subsection (b) above, except for fluoride:

Contaminant

BAT(s)

Antimony

C/F

Asbestos

C/F

DDF

Barium

LIME

Beryllium

C/F

LIME

Cadmium

C/F

LIME

Chromium

C/F

LIME, BAT for Cr(III) only

Cyanide

Mercury

C/F, BAT only if influent Hg

concentrations less than or equal to (

≤

)

g/L

GAC

LIME, BAT only if influent Hg

concentrations

≤

g/L

RO, BAT only if influent Hg concentrations

≤

g/L

Nickel

LIME

Nitrate

Nitrite

Selenium

AAL

C/F, BAT for Se(IV) only

LIME

Thallium

AAL

Abbreviations

AAL

Activated alumina

C/F

Coagulation/filtration

DDF

Direct and diatomite filtration

GAC

Granular activated carbon

Ion exchange

LIME

Lime softening

Reverse osmosis

Corrosion control

Electrodialysis

Oxidation (chlorine)

Ultraviolet irradiation

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.62 (19945).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

SUBPART G: LEAD AND COPPER

Section 611.357

Monitoring for Water Quality Parameters

All large system suppliers, and all small and medium-sized system suppliers

that exceed the lead action level or the copper action level, shall monitor

water quality parameters in addition to lead and copper in accordance with

this Section. The requirements of this Section are summarized in Section

611.Table G.

General Requirements

Sample collection methods

Use of tap samples. The totality of all tap samples

collected by a supplier shall be representative of

water quality throughout the distribution system

taking into account the number of persons served, the

different sources of water, the different treatment

methods employed by the supplier, and seasonal

variability. Although a supplier may conveniently

conduct tap sampling for water quality parameters at

sites used for coliform sampling performed pursuant to

Subpart L of this Part, it is not required to do so,

and a supplier is not required to perform tap sampling

pursuant to this Section at taps targeted for lead and

copper sampling under Section 611.356(a).

Use of entry point samples. Each supplier shall

collect samples at entry point(s) to the distribution

system from locations representative of each source

after treatment. If a supplier draws water from more

than one source and the sources are combined before

distribution, the supplier must sample at an entry

point to the distribution system during periods of

normal operating conditions (i.e., when water is

representative of all sources being used).

Number of samples

Tap samples. Each supplier shall collect two tap

samples for applicable water quality parameters during

each six-month monitoring period specified under

subsections (b) through (e) below from the number of

sites indicated in the first column of Section

611.Table E.

Entry point samples.

Initial monitoring. Each supplier shall collect

two samples for each applicable water quality

parameter at each entry point to the

distribution system during each six-month

monitoring period specified in subsection (b)

below.

ii)

Subsequent monitoring. Each supplier shall

collect one sample for each applicable water

quality parameter at each entry point to the

distribution system during each six-month

monitoring period specified in subsections (c)

through (e) below.

Initial Sampling.

Large systems. Each large system supplier shall measure the

applicable water quality parameters specified in subsection

(b)(3) below at taps and at each entry point to the

distribution system during each six-month monitoring period

specified in Section 611.356(d)(1).

Small and medium-sized systems. Each small and medium-sized

system supplier shall measure the applicable water quality

parameters specified in subsection (b)(3) below at the

locations specified in this subsection during each six-month

monitoring period specified in Section 611.356(d)(1) during

which the supplier exceeds the lead action level or the

copper action level.

Water quality parameters:

pH;

alkalinity;

orthophosphate, when an inhibitor containing a

phosphate compound is used;

silica, when an inhibitor containing a silicate

compound is used;

calcium;

conductivity; and

water temperature.

Monitoring after installation of corrosion control.

Large systems. Each large system supplier that installs

optimal corrosion control treatment pursuant to Section

611.351(d)(4) shall measure the water quality parameters at

the locations and frequencies specified in subsections

(c)(3) and (c)(4) below during each six-month monitoring

period specified in Section 611.356(d)(2)(iA).

Small and medium-sized systems. Each small or medium-sized

system that installs optimal corrosion control treatment

pursuant to Section 611.351(e)(5) shall measure the water

quality parameters at the locations and frequencies

specified in subsections (c)(3) and (c)(4) below during each

six-month monitoring period specified in Section

611.356(d)(2)(iiB) in which the supplier exceeds the lead

action level or the copper action level.

Tap water samples, two samples at each tap for each of the

following water quality parameters:

pH;

alkalinity;

orthophosphate, when an inhibitor containing a

phosphate compound is used;

silica, when an inhibitor containing a silicate

compound is used; and

calcium, when calcium carbonate stabilization is used

as part of corrosion control.

Entry point samples, one sample at each entry point to the

distribution system every two weeks (bi-weekly) for each of

the following water quality parameters:

pH;

when alkalinity is adjusted as part of optimal

corrosion control, a reading of the dosage rate of the

chemical used to adjust alkalinity, and the alkalinity

concentration; and

when a corrosion inhibitor is used as part of optimal

corrosion control, a reading of the dosage rate of the

inhibitor used, and the concentration of

orthophosphate or silica (whichever is applicable).

Monitoring after the Agency specifies water quality parameter

values for optimal corrosion control.

Large systems. After the Agency has specified the values

for applicable water quality control parameters reflecting

optimal corrosion control treatment pursuant to Section

611.352(f), each large system supplier shall measure the

applicable water quality parameters in accordance with

subsection (c) above during each six-month monitoring period

specified in Section 611.356(d)(3).

Small and medium-sized systems. Each small or medium-sized

system supplier shall conduct such monitoring during each

six-month monitoring period specified in Section

611.356(d)(3) in which the supplier exceeds the lead action

level or the copper action level.

Confirmation sampling.

A supplier may take a confirmation sample for any

water quality parameter value no later than 3 days

after it took the original sample it seeks to confirm.

If a supplier takes a confirmation sample, it must

average the result obtained from the confirmation

sample with the result obtained from the original

sample it seeks to confirm, and the supplier shall use

the average of these two results for any compliance

determinations under Section 611.352(g).

The Agency shall delete the results that it determines

are due to obvious sampling errors from this

calculation.

Reduced monitoring.

Reduction in tap monitoring. A supplier that has maintained

the range of values for the water quality parameters

reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment during each

of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods under

subsection (d) above shall continue monitoring at the entry

point(s) to the distribution system as specified in

subsection (c)(4) above. Such a supplier may collect two

samples from each tap for applicable water quality

parameters from the reduced number of sites indicated in the

second column of Section 611.Table E during each subsequent

six-month monitoring period.

Reduction in monitoring frequency.

Stages of reductions.

Annual monitoring. A supplier that maintains

the range of values for the water quality

parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control

treatment specified pursuant to Section

611.352(f) during three consecutive years of

monitoring may reduce the frequency with which

it collects the number of tap samples for

applicable water quality parameters specified in

subsection (e)(1) above from every six months to

annually.

ii)

Triennial monitoring. A supplier that maintains

the range of values for the water quality

parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control

treatment specified pursuant to Section

611.352(f) during three consecutive years of

annual monitoring under subsection (e)(2)(A)(i)

above may reduce the frequency with which it

collects the number of tap samples for

applicable water quality parameters specified in

subsection (e)(1) above from annually to once

every three years.

A supplier that conducts sampling annually or every

three years shall collect these samples evenly

throughout the calendar year so as to reflect seasonal

variability.

Any supplier subject to a reduced monitoring frequency

pursuant to this subsection that fails to operate

within the range of values for the water quality

parameters specified pursuant to Section 611.352(f)

shall resume tap water sampling in accordance with the

number and frequency requirements of subsection (d)

above.

Additional monitoring by systems. The results of any monitoring

conducted in addition to the minimum requirements of this section

shall be considered by the supplier and the Agency in making any

determinations (i.e., determining concentrations of water quality

parameters) under this Section or Section 611.352.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.87 (19945).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

SUBPART K: GENERAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section 611.510

Special Monitoring for Unregulated Contaminants

Monitoring for Phase I unregulated contaminants.

All CWS and NTNCWS suppliers shall begin monitoring for the

contaminants listed in subsection (a)(5) no later than the

the following dates:

Less than 3300 persons served: January 1, 1991.

3300 to 10,000 persons served: January 1, 1989.

More than 10,000 persons served: January 1, 1988.

SWS and mixed system suppliers shall sample at points in the

distribution system representative of each water source or

at entry points to the distribution system after any

applicaition of treatment. The minimum number of samples is

one year of quarterly samples per water source.

GWS suppliers shall sample at points of entry to the

distribution system representative of each well after any

application of treatment. The minimum number of samples is

one sample per entry point to the distribution system.

The Agency may issue a SEP pursuant to Section 610.110 to

require a supplier to use a confirmation sample for results

that it finds dubious for whatever reason. The Agency must

state its reasons for issuing the SEP if the SEP is Agency-

initiated.

List of Phase I unregulated chemical contaminants:

Bromobenzene

Bromodichloromethane

Bromoform

Bromomethane

Chlorobenzene

Chlorodibromomethane

Chloroethane

Chloroform

Chloromethane

o-Chlorotoluene

p-Chlorotoluene

Dibromomethane

m-Dichlorobenzene

1,1-Dichloroethane

1,3-Dichloropropane

2,2-Dichloropropane

1,1-Dichloropropene

1,3-Dichloropropene

1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane

1,2,3-Trichloropropane

This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.40(f), reserved

by U.S. EPA. This statement maintains structural

consistency with U.S. EPA rules.

Analyses performed pursuant to subsection (a) shall be

conducted using the following U.S. EPA Organic Methods:

Methods 502.2 or 524.2 or their equivalent as approved by

the Agency, except that analyses for bromodichloromethane,

bromoform, chlorodibromomethane, and chloroform may also be

performed using U.S. EPA Organic Methods: Method 551, and

analyses for 1,2,3-trichloropropane may also be performed

using U.S. EPA Organic Methods: Method 504.1, all of which

are incorporated by reference in Section 611.102.

BOARD NOTE: Subsection (b) derived from 40 CFR 141.40(a)

through (m) (19945), as amended at 59 Fed. Reg. 62469 (Dec.

5, 1994). The Board has adopted no counterpart to 40 CFR

141.40(h), which the Board has codified at subsection (c)

below; 141.40(i), which pertains to the ability of suppliers

to grandfather data up until a date long since expired;

141.41(j), an optional U.S. EPA provision relating to

monitoring 15 additional contaminants that U.S. EPA does not

require for state programs; 141.40(k), which pertains to

notice to the Agency by smaller suppliers up until a date

long since expired in lieu of sampling; 141.40(l), which the

Board has adopted at subsection (d) below; and 141.40(m), an

optional provision that pertains to composite sampling.

Otherwise, the structure of this Section directly

corresponds with 40 CFR 141.40(a) through (m) (19945).

Monitoring for Phase V unregulated contaminants. Monitoring of

the unregulated organic contaminants listed in subsection (b)(11)

below and the unregulated inorganic contaminants listed in

subsection (b)(12) below shall be conducted as follows:

Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier shall take four consecutive

quarterly samples at each sampling point for each

contaminant listed in subsection (b)(11) below and report

the results to the Agency. Monitoring must be completed by

December 31, 1995.

Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier shall take one sample at each

sampling point for each contaminant listed in subsection

(b)(12) below and report the results to the Agency.

Monitoring must be completed by December 31, 1995.

Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier may apply to the Agency for a

SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that releases it from any of

the requirements of subsections (b)(1) and (b)(2) above.

The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 as

follows:

From any requirement of subsection (b)(1) above based

on consideration of the factors set forth at Section

611.110(e), and

From any requirement of subsection (b)(2) above if

previous analytical results indicate contamination

would not occur, provided this data was collected

after January 1, 1990.

A GWS supplier shall take a minimum of one sample at every

entry point to the distribution system that is

representative of each well after treatment ("sampling

point").

A SWS or mixed system supplier shall take a minimum of one

sample at points in the distribution system that are

representative of each source or at each entry point to the

system after treatment ("sampling point").

If the system draws water from more than one source and

sources are combined before distribution, the supplier shall

sample at an entry point during periods of normal operating

conditions (when water representative of all sources is

being used).

The Agency may issue a SEP pursuant to Section 610.110 to

require a supplier to use a confirmation sample for results

that it finds dubious for whatever reason. The Agency must

state its reasons for issuing the SEP if the SEP is Agency-

initiated.

Suppliers shall take samples at the same sampling point

unless the Agency has granted a SEP allowing another

sampling point because conditions make another sampling

point more representative of the water from each source or

treatment plant.

BOARD NOTE: Subsection (b)(9) above corresponds with

duplicate segments of 40 CFR 141.40(n)(5) and (n)(6)

(19945), which correspond with subsections (b)(5) and (b)(6)

above. The Board has adopted no counterpart to 40 CFR

141.40(n)(9), an optional provision that pertains to

composite sampling. Otherwise, the structure of this

Section directly corresponds with 40 CFR 141.40(n) (19945).

10)

Instead of performing the monitoring required by this

subsection, a CWS and NTNCWS supplier serving fewer than 150

service connections may send a letter to the Agency stating

that the PWS is available for sampling. This letter must be

sent to the Agency by January 1, 1994. The supplier shall

not send such samples to the Agency, unless requested to do

so by the Agency.

11)

List of Phase V unregulated organic contaminants with

methods required for analysis (all methods are from U.S. EPA

Organic Methods unless otherwise noted; all are incorporated

by reference in Section 611.102):

Contaminant

U.S. EPA Organic Methods

Aldicarb

531.1, Standard Methods,

18th ed.: Method 6610

Aldicarb sulfone

531.1, Standard Methods,

18th ed.: Method 6610

Aldicarb sulfoxide

531.1, Standard Methods,

18th ed.: Method 6610

Aldrin

505, 508, 508.1, 525.2

Butachlor

507, 525.2

Carbaryl

531.1, Standard Methods,

18th ed.: Method 6610

Dicamba

515.1, 515.2, 555

Dieldrin

505, 508, 508.1, 525.2

3-Hydroxycarbofuran

531.1, Standard Methods,

18th ed.: Method 6610

Methomyl

531.1, Standard Methods,

18th ed.: Method 6610

Metolachlor

507, 508.1, 525.2

Metribuzin

507, 508.1, 525.2

Propachlor

508, 508.1, 525.2

12)

List of unregulated inorganic contaminants (all methods

indicated are incorporated by reference in Section 611.102):

Contaminant

Methods

Sulfate

U.S. EPA Environmental Inorganic

Methods: Methods 300.0, 375.2; ASTM

Method D 4327-91; Standard Methods,

18th ed.: Methods 4110, 4500-SO

F, 4500-SO

C & 4500-SO

BOARD NOTE: Subsection (b) derived from 40 CFR

141.40(n) (19945), as amended at 59 Fed. Reg. 62471

(Dec. 5, 1994).

Analyses performed pursuant to this Section must be conducted by a

laboratory certified pursuant to Section 611.646(q).

BOARD NOTE: Subsection (c) derived from 40 CFR 141.40 (h)

(19945).

All CWS and NTNCWS suppliers shall repeat the monitoring required

by this Section no less frequently than every five years, starting

from the dates specified in subsections (a)(1) and (b)(2) above.

BOARD NOTE: Subsection (d) derived from 40 CFR 141.40 (l)

(19945).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

SUBPART L: MICROBIOLOGICAL MONITORING

AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section 611.526

Analytical Methodology

The standard sample volume required for total coliform analysis,

regardless of analytical method used, is 100 mL.

Suppliers need only determine the presence or absence of total

coliforms, a determination of total coliform density is not

required.

Suppliers shall conduct total coliform analyses in accordance with

one of the following analytical methods, incorporated by reference

in Section 611.102 (the time from sample collection to initiation

of analysis may not exceed 30 hours, and the supplier is

encouraged but not required to hold samples below 10

C during

transit):

Multiple-Tube Fermentation (MTF) Technique, as set forth in

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Methods 9221 A and B:

Lactose broth, as commercially available, may be used

in lieu of lauryl tryptose broth if the supplier

conducts at least 25 parallel tests between this

medium and lauryl tryptose broth using the water

normally tested and this comparison demonstrates that

the false-positive rate and false negative rate for

total coliforms, using lactose broth, is less than 10

percent;

If inverted tubes are used to detect gas production,

the media should cover these tubes at least one-half

to two-thirds after the sample is added; and

No requirement exists to run the completed phase on 10

percent of all total coliform-positive confirmed

tubes.

Membrane Filter (MF) Technique, as set forth in Standard

Methods, 18th ed.: Methods 9222 A, B, and C.

P-A Coliform Test, as set forth in: Standard Methods, 18th

ed.: Method 9221 D:

No requirement exists to run the completed phase on 10

percent of all total coliform-positive confirmed

tubes; and

Six-times formulation strength may be used if the

medium is filter-sterilized rather than autoclaved.

ONPG-MUG test: Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 9223.

(The ONPG-MUG test is also known as the autoanalysis

colilert system.)

Colisure Test from Millipore Corporation, incorporated by

reference in Section 611.102. (The Colisure Test must be

incubated for 28 hours before examining results. If an

examination of the results at 28 hours is not convenient,

then results may be examined at any time between 28 hours

and 48 hours.)

BOARD NOTE: U.S. EPA included the P-A Coliform and Colisure

Tests for testing finished water under the coliform rule,

but did not include them for the purposes of the surface

water treatment rule, under Section 611.531, for which

quantitation of total coliforms is necessary. For these

reasons, U.S. EPA included Standard Methods: Method 9221 C

for the surface water treatment rule, but did not include it

for the purposes of the total coliform rule, under this

Section.

This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.21(f)(4), which U.S.

EPA has marked "reserved". This statement maintains structural

consistency with the federal regulations.

Suppliers shall conduct fecal coliform analysis in accordance with

the following procedure:

When the MTF Technique or P-A Coliform Test is used to test

for total coliforms, shake the lactose-positive presumptive

tube or P-A vigorously and transfer the growth with a

sterile 3-mm loop or sterile applicator stick into brilliant

green lactose bile broth and EC medium, defined below, to

determine the presence of total and fecal coliforms,

respectively.

For approved methods that use a membrane filter, transfer

the total coliform-positive culture by one of the following

methods: remove the membrane containing the total coliform

colonies from the substrate with a sterile forceps and

carefully curl and insert the membrane into a tube of EC

medium. (The laboratory may first remove a small portion of

selected colonies for verification); swab the entire

membrane filter surface with a sterile cotton swab and

transfer the inoculum to EC medium (do not leave the cotton

swab in the EC medium); or inoculate individual total

coliform-positive colonies into EC medium. Gently shake the

inoculated tubes of EC medium to insure adequate mixing and

incubate in a waterbath at 44.5±0.2

C for 24±2 hours. Gas

production of any amount in the inner fermentation tube of

the EC medium indicates a positive fecal coliform test.

EC medium is described in Standard Methods, 18th ed.:

Method 9221 E.

Suppliers need only determine the presence or absence of

fecal coliforms, a determination of fecal coliform density

is not required.

Suppliers shall conduct analysis of E. coli in accordance with one

of the following analytical methods:

EC medium supplemented with 50

g/L of MUG (final

concentration). EC medium is as described in subsection

(e). MUG may be added to EC medium before autoclaving. EC

medium supplemented with 50

g/L MUG is commercially

available. At least 10 mL of EC medium supplemented with

MUG must be used. The inner inverted fermentation tube may

be omitted. The procedure for transferring a total

coliform-positive culture to EC medium supplemented with MUG

is as in subsection (e) for transferring a total coliform-

positive culture to EC medium. Observe fluorescence with an

ultraviolet light (366 nm) in the dark after incubating tube

at 44.5±2

C for 24±2 hours; or

Nutrient agar supplemented with 100

g/L MUG (final

concentration). Nutrient Aagar is described in Standard

Methods, 18th ed.: Method 9221 B, at pages 9-47 to 9-48.

This test is used to determine if a total coliform-positive

sample, as determined by the MF technique or any other

method in which a membrane filter is used, contains E. coli.

Transfer the membrane filter containing a total coliform

colony or colonies to nutrient agar supplemented with 100

g/L MUG (final concentration). After incubating the agar

plate at 35

Celsius for 4 hours, observe the colony or

colonies under ultraviolet light (366 nm) in the dark for

fluorescence. If fluorescence is visible, E. coli are

present.

Minimal Medium ONPG-MUG (MMO-MUG) Test, as set forth in

Section 611.Appendix D. (The Autoanalysis Coliert System is

a MMO-MUG test.) If the MMO-MUG test is total coliform

positive after a 24-hour incubation, test the medium for

fluorescence with a 366-nm ultraviolet light (preferably

with a 6-watt lamp) in the dark. If fluorescence is

observed, the sample is E. coli-positive. If fluorescence

is questionable (cannot be definitively read) after 24 hours

incubation, incubate the culture for an additional four

hours (but not to exceed 28 hours total), and again test the

medium for fluorescence. The MMO-MUG test with hepes buffer

is the only approved formulation for the detection of E.

coli.

The Colisure Test, from Millipore Corporation, incorporated

by reference in Section 611.102.

As an option to the method set forth in subsection (f)(3), a

supplier with a total coliform-positive, MUG-negative, MMO-MUG

test may further analyze the culture for the presence of E. coli

by transferring a 0.1 mL, 28-hour MMO-MUG culture to EC medium +

MUG with a pipet. The formulation and incubation conditions of

the EC medium + MUG, and observation of the results are described

in subsection (f)(1).

This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.21(f)(8), a central

listing of all documents incorporated by reference into the

federal microbiological analytical methods. The corresponding

Illinois incorporatations by reference are located at Section

611.102. This statement maintains structural parity with U.S. EPA

regulations.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.21(f) (19945), as amended at

59 Fed. Reg. 62466 (Dec. 5, 1994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.531

Analytical Requirements

Only the analytical method(s) specified in this Section may be used to

demonstrate compliance with the requirements of Subpart B. Measurements for

pH, temperature, turbidity and RDCs must be conducted under the supervision of

a certified operator. Measurements for total coliforms, fecal coliforms and

HPC must be conducted by a laboratory certified by the Agency to do such

analysis. The following procedures must be performed by the following

methods, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102:

A supplier shall:

Conduct analysis of pH in accordance with one of the methods

listed at Section 611.611; and

Conduct analyses toof total coliforms, fecal coliforms,

heterotrophic bacteria, and turbidity, and temperature in

accordance with one of the following methods, and by using

analytical test procedures contained in U.S. EPA Technical

Notes, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102:

Total Coliforms:

BOARD NOTE: The time from sample collection to

initiation of analysis must not exceed 8 hours. The

supplier is encouraged but not required to hold

samples below 10

C during transit.

Total coliform fermentation technique: Standard

Methods, 18th ed.: Method 9221 A, B, and C.

BOARD NOTE: Lactose broth, as commercially

available, may be used in lieu of lauryl

tryptose broth if the supplier conducts at least

25 parallel tests between this medium and lauryl

tryptose broth using the water normally tested

and this comparison demonstrates that the false-

positive rate and false-negative rate for total

coliforms, using lactose broth, is less than 10

percent. If inverted tubes are used to detect

gas production, the media should cover these

tubes at least one-half to two-thirds after the

sample is added. No requirement exists to run

the completed phase on 10 percent of all total

coliform-positive confirmed tubes.

ii)

Total coliform membrane filter technique:

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 9222 A, B,

and C.

iii)

ONPG-MUG test (also known as the autoanalysis

colilert system): Standard Methods, 18th ed.:

Method 9223.

BOARD NOTE: U.S. EPA included the P-A Coliform

and Colisure Tests for testing finished water

under the coliform rule, under Section 611.526,

but did not include them for the purposes of the

surface water treatment rule, under this

Section, for which quantitation of total

coliforms is necessary. For these reasons, U.S.

EPA included Standard Methods: Method 9221 C

for the surface water treatment rule, but did

not include it for the purposes of the total

coliform rule, under Section 611.526.

Fecal Coliforms:

BOARD NOTE: The time from sample collection to

initiation of analysis must not exceed 8 hours. The

supplier is encouraged but not required to hold

samples below 10

C during transit.

Fecal coliform MPN procedure: Standard Methods,

18th ed.: Method 9221 E.

BOARD NOTE: A-1 broth may be held up to three

months in a tightly closed screwcap tube at 4

(39

F).

ii)

Fecal Coliforms Membrane Filter Procedure:

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 9222 D.

Heterotrophic bacteria: Pour plate method: Standard

Methods, 18th ed.: Method 9215 B.

BOARD NOTE: The time from sample collection to

initiation of analysis must not exceed 8 hours. The

supplier is encouraged but not required to hold

samples below 10

C during transit.

Turbidity:

Nephelometric method: Standard Methods, 18th

ed.: Method 2130 B.

ii)

Nephelometric method: U.S. EPA Environmental

Inorganic Methods: Method 180.1

ii)

GLI Method 2.

Temperature: Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method

2550.

A supplier shall measure residual disinfectant concentrations with

one of the following analytical methods from Standard Methods,

18th ed., and by using analytical test procedures contained in

U.S. EPA Technical Notes, incorporated by reference in Section

611.102:

Free chlorine:

Amperometric Titration: Method 4500-Cl D.

DPD Ferrous Titrimetric: Method 4500-Cl F.

DPD Colimetric: Method 4500-Cl G.

Syringaldazine (FACTS): Method 4500-Cl H.

Total chlorine:

Amperometric Titration: Method 4500-Cl D.

Amperometric Titration (low level measurement):

Method 4500-Cl E.

DPD Ferrous Titrimetric: Method 4500-Cl F.

DPD Colimetric: Method 4500-Cl G.

Iodometric Electrode: Method 4500-Cl I.

Chlorine dioxide:

Amperometric Titration: Method 4500-ClO

C or E.

DPD Method: Method 4500-ClO

Ozone: Indigo Method: Method 4500-O

Alternative test methods: The Agency may grant a SEP

pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows a supplier to use

alternative chlorine test methods as follows:

DPD colorimetric test kits: Residual disinfectant

concentrations for free chlorine and combined chlorine

may also be measured by using DPD colorimetric test

kits.

Continuous monitoring for free and total chlorine:

Free and total chlorine residuals may be measured

continuously by adapting a specified chlorine residual

method for use with a continuous monitoring

instrument, provided the chemistry, accuracy, and

precision remain the same. Instruments used for

continuous monitoring must be calibrated with a grab

sample measurement at least every five days or as

otherwise provided by the Agency.

BOARD NOTE: Suppliers may use a five-tube test or a

ten-tube test.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.74(a) (19945), as amended at

59 Fed. Reg. 62470 (Dec. 5, 1994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

SUBPART N: INORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section 611.591

Violation of State MCL

This Section applies to old MCLs that are marked as "additional State

requirements" at Section 611.300, and for which no specific monitoring,

reporting or public notice requirements are specified below. If the results

of analysis pursuant to this Part indicates that the level of any contaminant

exceeds the old MCL, the CWS supplier shall:

Report to the Agency within seven days, and initiate three

additional analyses at the same sampling point within one month;

Notify the Agency and give public notice as specified in Subpart

T, when the average of four analyses, rounded to the same number

of significant figures as the old MCL for the contaminant in

question, exceeds the old MCL; and,

Monitor, after public notification, at a frequency designated by

the Agency, and continue monitoring until the old MCL has not been

exceeded in two consecutive samples, or until a monitoring

schedule as a condition of a variance or enforcement action

becomes effective.

BOARD NOTE: This is an additional State requirement.

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.600

Applicability

The following types of suppliers shall conduct monitoring to determine

compliance with the old MCLs in Section 611.300 and the revised MCLs in

611.301, as appropriate, in accordance with this Subpart:

CWS suppliers.

NTNCWS suppliers.

Transient non-CWS suppliers to determine compliance with the

nitrate and nitrite MCLs.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23 (preamble) (19945).

Detection limits. The following are detection limits for purposes

of this Subpart (MCLs from Section 611.301 are set forth for

information purposes only):

Contaminant

MCL (mg/L,

except as-

bestos)

Method

Detec-

tion

Limit

(mg/L)

Antimony

0.006

Atomic absorption-furnace

technique

0.003

Atomic absorption-furnace

technique (stabilized

0.0008

temperature)

Inductively-coupled plasma-

mass spectrometry

0.0004

Atomic absorption-gaseous

hydride technique

0.001

Asbestos

7 MFL

Transmission electron

microscopy

0.01 MFL

Barium

Atomic absorption- furnace

technique

0.002

Atomic absorption- direct

aspiration technique

0.1

Inductively-coupled plasma

arc furnace

0.002

Inductively-coupled plasma

0.001

Beryllium

0.004

Atomic absorption-furnace

technique

0.0002

Atomic absorption-furnace

technique (stabilized

temperature)

0.00002

Inductively-coupled plasma

(using a 2x preconcen-

tration step; a lower MDL

is possible using 4x

preconcentration)

0.0003

Inductively-coupled plasma-

mass spectrometry

0.0003

Cadmium

0.005

Atomic absorption- furnace

technique

0.0001

Inductively-coupled plasma

0.001

Chromium

0.1

Atomic absorption- furnace

technique

0.001

Inductively-coupled plasma

0.007

Inductively-coupled plasma

0.001

Cyanide

0.2

Distillation,

0.02

spectrophotometric

(screening method for total

cyanides)

Automated distillation,

spectrophotometric

(screening method for total

cyanides)

0.005

Distillation, selective

electrode (screening method

for total cyanides)

0.05

Distillation, amenable,

spectrophotometric (for

free cyanides)

0.02

Mercury

0.002

Manual cold vapor technique

0.0002

Automated cold vapor

technique

0.0002

Nickel

0.1No MCL

Atomic absorption-furnace

technique

0.001

Atomic absorption-furnace

technique (stabilized

temperature)

0.0006

Inductively-coupled plasma

(using a 2x preconcen-

tration step; a lower MDL

is possible using 4x

preconcentration)

0.005

Inductively-coupled plasma-

mass spectrometry

0.0005

Nitrate (as N)

Manual cadmium reduction

0.01

Automated hydrazine

reduction

0.01

Automated cadmium reduction

0.05

Ion-selective electrode

Ion chromatography

0.01

Nitrite (as N)

Spectrophotometric

0.01

Automated cadmium reduction

0.05

Manual cadmium reduction

0.01

Ion chromatography

0.004

Selenium

0.05

Atomic absorption- furnace

technique

0.002

Atomic absorption- gaseous

hydride technique

0.002

Thallium

0.002

Atomic absorption-furnace

technique

0.001

Atomic absorption-furnace

technique (stabilized

temperature)

0.0007

Inductively-coupled plasma-

mass spectrometry

0.0003

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23 preamble and paragraph

(a)(4)(i) (19945). See the Board Note at Section 611.301(b)

relating to the MCL for nickel.

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.601

Monitoring Frequency

Monitoring shall be conducted as follows:

Required sampling.

Each supplier shall take a minimum of one sample at each

sampling point at the times required by Section 611.610

beginning in the initial compliance period.

Each sampling point must produce samples that are

representative of the water from each source after treatment

or from each treatment plant, as required by subsection (b)

below. The total number of sampling points must be

representative of the water delivered to users throughout

the PWS.

The supplier shall take each sample at the same sampling

point unless conditions make another sampling point more

representative of each source or treatment plant and the

Agency has granted a SEP pursuant to subsection (b)(5)

below.

Sampling points.

Sampling points for GWSs. Unless otherwise provided by SEP,

a GWS supplier shall take at least one sample from each of

the following points: each entry point that is

representative of each well after treatment.

Sampling points for SWSs and mixed systems. Unless

otherwise provided by SEP, a SWS or mixed system supplier

shall take at least one sample from each of the following

points:

Each entry point after the application of treatment;

A point in the distribution system that is

representative of each source after treatment.

If a system draws water from more than one source, and the

sources are combined before distribution, the supplier shall

sample at an entry point during periods of normal operating

conditions when water is representative of all sources being

used.

Additional sampling points. The Agency shall, by SEP,

designate additional sampling points in the distribution

system or at the consumer's tap if it determines that such

samples are necessary to more accurately determine consumer

exposure.

Alternative sampling points. The Agency shall, by SEP,

approve alternate sampling points if the supplier

demonstrates that the points are more representative than

the generally required point.

This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.23(a)(4), an optional

U.S. EPA provision relating to compositing of samples that U.S.

EPA does not require for state programs. This statement maintains

structural consistency with U.S. EPA rules.

The frequency of monitoring for the following contaminants must be

in accordance with the following Sections:

Asbestos: Section 611.602;

Antimony, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide,

fluoride, mercury, nickel, selenium, and thallium: Section

611.603;

Nitrate: Section 611.604; and

Nitrite: Section 611.605.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(a) and (c) (19945).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.606

Confirmation Samples

Where the results of sampling for antimony, asbestos, barium,

beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide, fluoride, mercury, nickel,

selenium, or thallium indicate a level in excess of the MCL, the

supplier shall collect one additional sample as soon as possible

after the supplier receives notification of the analytical result

(but no later than two weeks after the initial sample was taken)

at the same sampling point.

Where nitrate or nitrite sampling results indicate a level in

excess of the MCL, the supplier shall take a confirmation sample

within 24 hours after the supplier's receipt of notification of

the analytical results of the first sample.

Suppliers unable to comply with the 24-hour sampling

requirement must, based on the initial sample, notify the

persons served in accordance with Section 611.851.

Suppliers exercising this option must take and analyze a

confirmation sample within two weeks of notification of the

analytical results of the first sample.

Averaging rules are specified in Section 611.609. The Agency

shall delete the original or confirmation sample if it determines

that a sampling error occurred, in which case the confirmation

sample will replace the original sample.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(f) (19945).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.611

Inorganic Analysis

Analytical methods are from documents incorporated by reference in Section

611.102. These are mostly referenced by a short name defined by Section

611.102(a). Other abbreviations are defined in Section 611.101.

Analysis for the following contaminants must be conducted using

the following methods or an alternative approved pursuant to

Section 611.480. Criteria for analyzing arsenic, chromium,

copper, lead, nickel, selenium, sodium, and thallium with

digestion or directly without digestion, and other analytical

procedures, are contained in U.S. EPA Technical Notes,

incorporated by reference in Section 611.102. (This document also

contains approved analytical test methods that remain available

for compliance monitoring until July 1, 1996. These methods will

not be available for use after July 1, 1996.)

Antimony:

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S.

EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8.

Atomic absorption, hydride technique: ASTM Method

D3697-92.

Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: U.S.

EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9.

Atomic absorption, furnace technique: Standard

Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3113 B.

Arsenic:

Inductively-coupled Plasma:

U.S. EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method

200.7, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3120 B.

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S.

EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8.

Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: U.S.

EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9.

Atomic Absorption, furnace technique:

ASTM Method D2972-93 C, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3113 B.

Atomic absorption, hydride technique:

ASTM Method D2972-93 B, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3114 B.

Asbestos: Transmission electron microscopy: U.S. EPA

Asbestos Methods-100.1 and U.S. EPA Asbestos Methods-100.2.

Barium:

Inductively-coupled plasma:

U.S. EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method

200.7, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3120 B.

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S.

EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8.

Atomic absorption, direct aspiration technique:

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3111 D.

Atomic absorption, furnace technique: Standard

Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3113 B.

Beryllium:

Inductively-coupled plasma:

U.S. EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method

200.7, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3120 B.

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S.

EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8.

Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: U.S.

EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9.

Atomic absorption, furnace technique:

ASTM Method D3645-93 B, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3113 B.

Cadmium:

Inductively-coupled plasma arc furnace: U.S. EPA

Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7.

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S.

EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8.

Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: U.S.

EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9.

Atomic absorption, furnace technique: Standard

Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3113 B.

Chromium:

Inductively-coupled plasma arc furnace:

U.S. EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method

200.7, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3120 B.

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S.

EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8.

Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: U.S.

EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9.

Atomic absorption, furnace technique: Standard

Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3113 B.

Cyanide:

Manual distillation (Standard Methods, 18th ed.:

Method 4500-CN

C), followed by spectrophotometric,

amenable:

ASTM Method D2036-91 B,

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-CN

Manual distillation (Standard Methods, 18th ed.:

Method 4500-CN

C), followed by spectrophotometric,

manual:

ASTM Method D2036-91 A,

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-CN

iii)

USGS Methods: Method I-3300-85.

Manual distillation (Standard Methods, 18th ed.:

Method 4500-CN

C), followed by semiautomated

spectrophotometric: U.S. EPA Environmental Inorganic

Methods: Method 335.4.

Selective electrode: Standard Methods, 18th ed.:

Method 4500-CN

Fluoride:

Ion Chromatography:

U.S. EPA Environmental Inorganic Methods:

Method 300.0,

ii)

ASTM Method D4327-91, or

iii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4110 B.

Manual distillation, colorimetric SPADNS: Standard

Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-F

B and D.

Manual electrode:

ASTM Method D1179-93B, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-F

Automated electrode: Technicon Methods: Method 380-

75WE.

Automated alizarin:

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-F

ii)

Technicon Methods: Method 129-71W.

10)

Mercury:

Manual cold vapor technique:

U.S. EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method

245.1,

ii)

ASTM Method D3223-91, or

iii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3112 B.

Automated cold vapor technique: U.S. EPA Inorganic

Methods: Method 245.2.

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S.

EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8.

11)

Nickel:

Inductively-coupled plasma:

U.S. EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method

200.7, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3120 B.

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S.

EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8.

Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: U.S.

EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9;

Atomic absorption, direct aspiration technique:

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3111 B;

Atomic absorption, furnace technique: Standard

Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3113 B;

12)

Nitrate:

Ion chromatography:

U.S. EPA Environmental Inorganic Methods:

Method 300.0,

ii)

ASTM Method D4327-91,

iii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4110 B, or

iv)

Waters Test Method B-1011, available from

Millipore Corporation.

Automated cadmium reduction:

U.S. EPA Environmental Inorganic Methods:

Method 353.2,

ii)

ASTM Method D3867-90 A, or

iii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-NO

Ion selective electrode:

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-NO

ii)

Technical Bulletin 601.

Manual cadmium reduction:

ASTM Method D3867-90 B, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-NO

13)

Nitrite:

Ion chromatography:

U.S. EPA Environmental Inorganic Methods:

Method 300.0,

ii)

ASTM Method D4327-91,

iii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4110 B, or

iv)

Waters Test Method Method B-1011, available from

Millipore Corporation.

Automated cadmium reduction:

U.S. EPA Environmental Inorganic Methods:

Method 353.2,

ii)

ASTM Method D3867-90 A, or

iii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-NO

Manual cadmium reduction:

ASTM Method D3867-90 B, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-NO

Spectrophotometric: Standard Methods, 18th ed.:

Method 4500-NO

14)

Selenium:

Atomic absorption, hydride:

ASTM Method D3859-93 A, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3114 B.

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S.

EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8.

Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: U.S.

EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9.

Atomic absorption, furnace technique:

ASTM Method D3859-93 B, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3113 B.

15)

Thallium:

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S.

EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8.

Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: U.S.

EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9.

16)

Lead:

Atomic absorption, furnace technique:

ASTM Method D3559-90 D, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3113 B.

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S.

EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8.

Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: U.S.

EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9.

17)

Copper:

Atomic absorption, furnace technique:

ASTM Method D1688-90 C, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3113 B.

Atomic absorption, direct aspiration:

ASTM Method D1688-90 A, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3111 B.

Inductively-coupled plasma:

U.S. EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method

200.7, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3120 B.

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S.

EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8.

Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: U.S.

EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9.

18)

pH:

Electrometric:

U.S. EPA Inorganic Methods: Method 150.1,

ii)

ASTM Method D1293-84, or

iii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-H

U.S. EPA Inorganic Methods: Method 150.2.

19)

Conductivity: Conductance:

ASTM Method D1125-91 A, or

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 2510 B.

20)

Calcium:

EDTA titrimetric:

ASTM Method D511-93 A, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3500-Ca D.

Atomic absorption, direct aspiration:

ASTM Method D511-93 B, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3111 B.

Inductively-coupled plasma:

U.S. EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method

200.7, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3120 B.

21)

Alkalinity:

Titrimetric:

ASTM Method D1067-92 B, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 2320 B.

Electrometric titration: USGS Methods: Method I-

1030-85.

22)

Orthophosphate (unfiltered, without digestion or

hydrolysis):

Automated colorimetric, ascorbic acid:

U.S. EPA Environmental Inorganic Methods:

Method 365.1, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-P F.

Single reagent colorimetric, ascorbic acid:

ASTM Method D515-88 A, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-P E.

Colorimetric, phosphomolybdate: USGS Methods: Method

I-1601-85.

Colorimetric, phosphomolybdate, automated-segmented

flow: USGS Methods: Method I-2601-90.

Colorimetric, phosphomolybdate, automated discrete:

USGS Methods: Method I-2598-85.

Ion Chromatography:

U.S. EPA Environmental Inorganic Methods:

Method 300.0,

ii)

ASTM Method D4327-91, or

iii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4110.

23)

Silica:

Colorimetric, molybdate blue: USGS Methods: Method

I-1700-85.

Colorimetric, molybdate blue, automated-segmented

flow: USGS Methods: Method I-2700-85.

Colorimetric: ASTM Method D859-88.

Molybdosilicate: Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method

4500-Si D.

Heteropoly blue: Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method

4500-Si E.

Automated method for molybdate-reactive silica:

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-Si F.

Inductively-coupled plasma:

U.S. EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method

200.7, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3120 B.

24)

Temperature: thermometric: Standard Methods, 18th ed.:

Method 2550 B.

25)

Sodium:

Inductively-coupled plasma: U.S. EPA Environmental

Metals Methods: Method 200.7.

Atomic absorption, direct aspiration: Standard

Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3111 B.

Sample collection for antimony, asbestos, barium, beryllium,

cadmium, chromium, cyanide, fluoride, mercury, nickel, nitrate,

nitrite, selenium, and thallium pursuant to Sections 611.600

through 611.604 must be conducted using the following sample

preservation, container and maximum holding time procedures:

Antimony:

Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less

than 2. If nitric acid cannot be used because of

shipping restrictions, the sample may initially be

preserved by icing and immediately shipping it to the

laboratory. Upon receipt in the laboratory, the

sample must be acidified with concentrated nitric acid

to pH less than 2. At the time of sample analysis,

the sample container must be thoroughly rinsed with

1:1 nitric acid; washings must be added to the sample.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after

collection as possible, but in any event within 6

months.

Asbestos:

Preservative: Cool to 4

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Barium:

Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less

than 2. If nitric acid cannot be used because of

shipping restrictions, the sample may initially be

preserved by icing and immediately shipping it to the

laboratory. Upon receipt in the laboratory, the

sample must be acidified with concentrated nitric acid

to pH less than 2. At the time of sample analysis,

the sample container must be thoroughly rinsed with

1:1 nitric acid; washings must be added to the sample.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after

collection as possible, but in any event within 6

months.

Beryllium:

Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less

than 2. If nitric acid cannot be used because of

shipping restrictions, the sample may initially be

preserved by icing and immediately shipping it to the

laboratory. Upon receipt in the laboratory, the

sample must be acidified with concentrated nitric acid

to pH less than 2. At the time of sample analysis,

the sample container must be thoroughly rinsed with

1:1 nitric acid; washings must be added to the sample.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after

collection as possible, but in any event within 6

months.

Cadmium:

Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less

than 2. If nitric acid cannot be used because of

shipping restrictions, the sample may initially be

preserved by icing and immediately shipping it to the

laboratory. Upon receipt in the laboratory, the

sample must be acidified with concentrated nitric acid

to pH less than 2. At the time of sample analysis,

the sample container must be thoroughly rinsed with

1:1 nitric acid; washings must be added to the sample.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after

collection as possible, but in any event within 6

months.

Chromium:

Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less

than 2. If nitric acid cannot be used because of

shipping restrictions, the sample may initially be

preserved by icing and immediately shipping it to the

laboratory. Upon receipt in the laboratory, the

sample must be acidified with concentrated nitric acid

to pH less than 2. At the time of sample analysis,

the sample container must be thoroughly rinsed with

1:1 nitric acid; washings must be added to the sample.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after

collection as possible, but in any event within 6

months.

Cyanide:

Preservative: Cool to 4

C. Add sodium hydroxide to

pH > 12. See the analytical methods for information

on sample preservation.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after

collection as possible, but in any event within 14

days.

Fluoride:

Preservative: None.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after

collection as possible, but in any event within 1

month.

Mercury:

Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less

than 2. If nitric acid cannot be used because of

shipping restrictions, the sample may initially be

preserved by icing and immediately shipping it to the

laboratory. Upon receipt in the laboratory, the

sample must be acidified with concentrated nitric acid

to pH less than 2. At the time of sample analysis,

the sample container must be thoroughly rinsed with

1:1 nitric acid; washings must be added to the sample.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after

collection as possible, but in any event within 28

days.

10)

Nickel:

Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less

than 2. If nitric acid cannot be used because of

shipping restrictions, the sample may initially be

preserved by icing and immediately shipping it to the

laboratory. Upon receipt in the laboratory, the

sample must be acidified with concentrated nitric acid

to pH less than 2. At the time of sample analysis,

the sample container must be thoroughly rinsed with

1:1 nitric acid; washings must be added to the sample.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after

collection as possible, but in any event within 6

months.

11)

Nitrate, chlorinated:

Preservative: Cool to 4

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after

collection as possible, but in any event within 28

days.

12)

Nitrate, non-chlorinated:

Preservative: Concentrated sulfuric acid to pH less

than 2.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after

collection as possible, but in any event within 14

days.

13)

Nitrite:

Preservative: Cool to 4

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after

collection as possible, but in any event within 48

hours.

14)

Selenium:

Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less

than 2. If nitric acid cannot be used because of

shipping restrictions, the sample may initially be

preserved by icing and immediately shipping it to the

laboratory. Upon receipt in the laboratory, the

sample must be acidified with concentrated nitric acid

to pH less than 2. At the time of sample analysis,

the sample container must be thoroughly rinsed with

1:1 nitric acid; washings must be added to the sample.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after

collection as possible, but in any event within 6

months.

15)

Thallium:

Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less

than 2. If nitric acid cannot be used because of

shipping restrictions, the sample may initially be

preserved by icing and immediately shipping it to the

laboratory. Upon receipt in the laboratory, the

sample must be acidified with concentrated nitric acid

to pH less than 2. At the time of sample analysis,

the sample container must be thoroughly rinsed with

1:1 nitric acid; washings must be added to the sample.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after

collection as possible, but in any event within 6

months.

Analyses under this Subpart must be conducted by laboratories that

received approval from U.S. EPA or the Agency. Laboratories may

conduct sample analyses for antimony, beryllium, cyanide, nickel,

and thallium under provisional certification granted by the Agency

until January 1, 1996. The Agency shall certify laboratories to

conduct analyses for antimony, asbestos, barium, beryllium,

cadmium, chromium, cyanide, fluoride, mercury, nickel, nitrate,

nitrite, selenium, and thallium if the laboratory:

Analyzes performance evaluation samples, provided by the

Agency pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 183.125(c), that

include those substances at levels not in excess of levels

expected in drinking water; and

Achieves quantitative results on the analyses within the

following acceptance limits:

Antimony: ± 30% at greater than or equal to 0.006

mg/L.

BOARD NOTE: 40 CFR 141.23(k)(3) (1994), as renumbered

, actually lists "6#30" as the acceptance limit for

antimony. The Board corrected this to "± 30%" based

on the discussion at 57 Fed. Reg. 31801 (July 17,

1992).

Asbestos: 2 standard deviations based on study

statistics.

Barium: ± 15% at greater than or equal to 0.15 mg/L.

Beryllium: ± 15% at greater than or equal to 0.001

mg/L.

Cadmium: ± 20% at greater than or equal to 0.002

mg/L.

Chromium: ± 15% at greater than or equal to 0.01

mg/L.

Cyanide: ± 25% at greater than or equal to 0.1 mg/lL.

Fluoride: ± 10% at 1 to 10 mg/L.

Mercury: ± 30% at greater than or equal to 0.0005

mg/L.

Nickel: ± 15 % at greater than or equal to 0.01 mg/L.

Nitrate: ± 10% at greater than or equal to 0.4 mg/L.

Nitrite: ± 15% at greater than or equal to 0.4 mg/L.

Selenium: ± 20% at greater than or equal to 0.01

mg/L.

Thallium: ± 30% at greater than or equal to 0.002

mg/L.

BOARD NOTE: Subsection (e) is derived from the table

to 40 CFR 141.23(k)(2) (19945), as renumbered at 59

Fed. Reg. 62466 (Dec. 5, 1994), and the discussion at

57 Fed. Reg. 31809 (July 17, 1992). Section 611.609

is derived from 40 CFR 141.23(k) (19945), as amended

at 59 Fed. Reg. 62466 (Dec. 5, 1994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.630

Special Monitoring for Sodium

CWS suppliers shall collect and analyze one sample per plant at

the entry point of the distribution system for the determination

of sodium concentration levels; samples must be collected and

analyzed annually for CWSs utilizing surface water sources in

whole or in part, and at least every three years for CWSs

utilizing solely groundwater sources. The minimum number of

samples required to be taken by the supplier is based on the

number of treatment plants used by the supplier, except that

multiple wells drawing raw water from a single aquifer may, with

the Agency approval, be considered one treatment plant for

determining the minimum number of samples. The Agency shall

require the supplier to collect and analyze water samples for

sodium more frequently in locations where the sodium content is

variable.

The CWS supplier shall report to the Agency the results of the

analyses for sodium within the first 10 days of the month

following the month in which the sample results were received or

within the first 10 days following the end of the required

monitoring period as specified by SEP, whichever of these is

first. If more than annual sampling is required, the supplier

shall report the average sodium concentration within 10 days of

the month following the month in which the analytical results of

the last sample used for the annual average was received.

The CWS supplier shall notify the Agency and appropriate local

public health officials of the sodium levels by written notice by

direct mail within three months. A copy of each notice required to

be provided by this subsection must be sent to the Agency within

10 days of its issuance.

Analyses for sodium must be conducted as directed in Section

611.611(a).

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.41 (1994), as amended

at 59 Fed. Reg. 62470 (Dec. 5, 1994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

SUBPART O: ORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section 611.641

Old MCLs

An analysis of substances for the purpose of determining

compliance with the old MCLs of Section 611.310 must be made as

follows:

The Agency shall, by SEP, require CWS suppliers utilizing

surface water sources to collect samples during the period

of the year when contamination by pesticides is most likely

to occur. The Agency shall require the supplier to repeat

these analyses at least annually.

The Agency shall, by SEP, require CWS suppliers utilizing

only groundwater sources to collect samples at least once

every three years.

If the result of an analysis made pursuant to subsection (a)

indicates that the level of any contaminant exceeds its old MCL,

the CWS supplier shall report to the Agency within 7 days and

initiate three additional analyses within one month.

When the average of four analyses made pursuant to subsection (a),

rounded to the same number of significant figures as the MCL for

the substance in question, exceeds the old MCL, the CWS supplier

shall report to the Agency and give notice to the public pursuant

to Subpart T. Monitoring after public notification must be at a

frequency designated by the Agency and must continue until the MCL

has not been exceeded in two successive samples or until a

monitoring schedule as a condition to a variance, adjusted

standard or enforcement action becomes effective.

Analysis made to determine compliance with the old MCLs of Section

611.310 must be made in accordance with the appropriate methods

specified in Section 611.648(l)5.

BOARD NOTE: This provision now applies only to state-only MCLs.

It was formerly derived from 40 CFR 141.24(a) through (e), which

U.S. EPA removed and reserved at 59 Fed. Reg. 34323 (July 1,

1994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.645

Analytical Methods for Organic Chemical Contaminants

Analysis for the Section 611.311(a) VOCs under Section 611.646,; the Section

611.311(c) SOCs under Section 611.648,; and the Section 611.310 old organic

MCLs under Section 611.641; and for THMs, TTHMs, and TTHM potential shall be

conducted using the methods listed in this Section or by equivalent methods as

approved by the Agency pursuant to Section 611.480. All methods are from U.S.

EPA Organic Methods unless otherwise indicated.

Volatile Organic Chemical Contaminants (VOCs):

Contaminant

Analytical Methods

Benzene

502.2, 524.2

Carbon tetrachloride

502.2, 524.2, 551

Chlorobenzene

502.2, 524.2

1,2-Dichlorobenzene

502.2, 524.2

1,4-Dichlorobenzene

502.2, 524.2

1,2-Dichloroethane

502.2, 524.2

cis-Dichloroethylene

502.2, 524.2

trans-Dichloroethylene

502.2, 524.2

Dichloromethane

502.2, 524.2

1,2-Dichloropropane

502.2, 524.2

Ethylbenzene

502.2, 524.2

Styrene

502.2, 524.2

Tetrachloroethylene

502.2, 524.2, 551

1,1,1-Trichloroethane

502.2, 524.2, 551

Trichloroethylene

502.2, 524.2, 551

Toluene

502.2, 524.2

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene

502.2, 524.2

1,1-Dichloroethylene

502.2, 524.2

1,1,2-Trichloroethane

502.2, 524.2

Vinyl chloride

502.2, 524.2

Xylenes (total)

502.2, 524.2

Synthetic Organic Chemical Contaminants (SOCs):

Contaminant

Analytical Methods

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD

or dioxin)

Dioxin and Furan

Method 1613

2,4-D

515.1, 515.2, 555

2,4,5-TP (Silvex)

515.1, 515.2, 555

Alachlor

505*, 507, 508.1,

525.2

Atrazine

505*, 507, 508.1,

525.2

Benzo(a)pyrene

525.2, 550, 550.1

Carbofuran

531.1, Standard

Methods, 18th ed.:

Method 6610

Chlordane

505, 508, 508.1,

525.2

Dalapon

515.1, 552.1

Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate

506, 525.2

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate

506, 525.2

Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)

504.1, 551

Dinoseb

515.1, 515.2, 555

Diquat

549.1

Endothall

548.1

Endrin

505, 508, 508.1,

525.2

Ethylene Dibromide (EDB)

504.1, 551

Glyphosate

547, Standard

Methods, 18th ed.:

Method 6651

Heptachlor

505, 508, 508.1,

525.2

Heptachlor Epoxide

505, 508, 508.1,

525.2

Hexachlorobenzene

505, 508, 508.1,

525.2

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

505, 508, 508.1,

525.2

Lindane

505, 508, 508.1,

525.2

Methoxychlor

505, 508, 508.1,

525.2

Oxamyl

531.1, Standard

Methods, 18th ed.:

Method 6610

PCBs (measured for compliance purposes as

decchlorobiphenyl)

508A

PCBs (qualitatively identified as Araclors)

505, 508

Pentachlorophenol

515.1, 515.2, 525.2,

555

Picloram

515.1, 515.2, 555

Simazine

505*, 507, 508.1,

525.2

Toxaphene

505, 508, 525.2

Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs):

Contaminant

Analytical Methods

Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs), Trihalomethanes

(THMs), and Maximum Total Trihalomethane

Potential

502.2, 524.2, 551

State-Only MCLs (for which a method is not listed above):

Contaminant

Analytical Methods

Aldrin

505, 508, 508.1,

525.2

DDT

505, 508

Dieldrin

505, 508, 508.1,

525.2

* denotes that for the particular contaminant, a nitrogen-phosphorus detector

should be substituted for the electron capture detector in method 505 (or

another approved method should be used) to determine alachlor, atrazine, and

simazine if lower detection limits are required.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(e) (19945), as added at 59 Fed. Reg.

62469 (Dec. 5, 1994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.646

Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V Volatile Organic Contaminants

Monitoring of the Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs for the purpose of

determining compliance with the MCL must be conducted as follows:

Definitions. As used in this Section:

"Detect" and "detection" means that the contaminant of

interest is present at a level greater than or equal to the

"detection limit".

"Detection limit" means 0.0005 mg/L.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f)(7), (f)(11),

(f)(14)(i), and (f)(20) (1994). This is a "trigger level"

for Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs inasmuch as it

prompts further action. The use of the term "detect" in

this section is not intended to include any analytical

capability of quantifying lower levels of any contaminant,

or the "method detection limit". Note, however that certain

language at the end of federal paragraph (f)(20) is capable

of meaning that the "method detection limit" is used to

derive the "detection limit". The Board has chosen to

disregard that language at the end of paragraph (f)(20) in

favor of the more direct language of paragraphs (f)(7) and

(f)(11).

"Method detection limit", as used in subsections (q) and (t)

below means the minimum concentration of a substance that

can be measured and reported with 99 percent confidence that

the analyte concentration is greater than zero and is

determined from analysis of a sample in a given matrix

containing the analyte.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 136, Appendix B (1994).

The method detection limit is determined by the procedure

set forth in 40 CFR 136, Appendix B. See subsection (t)

below.

Required sampling. Each supplier shall take a minimum of one

sample at each sampling point at the times required in subsection

(u) below.

Sampling points.

Sampling points for GWSs. Unless otherwise provided by SEP,

a GWS supplier shall take at least one sample from each of

the following points: each entry point that is

representative of each well after treatment.

Sampling points for SWSs and mixed systems. Unless

otherwise provided by SEP, a SWS or mixed system supplier

shall sample from each of the following points:

Each entry point after treatment; or

Points in the distribution system that are

representative of each source.

The supplier shall take each sample at the same sampling

point unless the Agency has granted a SEP that designates

another location as more representative of each source,

treatment plant, or within the distribution system.

If a system draws water from more than one source, and the

sources are combined before distribution, the supplier shall

sample at an entry point during periods of normal operating

conditions when water is representative of all sources being

used.

BOARD NOTE: Subsections (b) and (c) above derived from 40

CFR 141.24(f)(1) through (f)(3) (1994).

Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier shall take four consecutive quarterly

samples for each of the Phase I VOCs, excluding vinyl chloride,

and Phase II VOCs during each compliance period, beginning in the

compliance period starting in the initial compliance period.

Reduction to annual monitoring frequency. If the initial

monitoring for the Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs as allowed

in subsection (r)(1) below has been completed by December 31,

1992, and the supplier did not detect any of the Phase I VOCs,

including vinyl chloride, Phase II, or Phase V VOCs, then the

supplier shall take one sample annually beginning in the initial

compliance period.

GWS reduction to triennial monitoring frequency. After a minimum

of three years of annual sampling, GWS suppliers that have not

previously detected any of the Phase I VOCs, including vinyl

chloride, Phase II, or Phase V VOCs shall take one sample during

each three-year compliance period.

A CWS or NTNCWS supplier that has completed the initial round of

monitoring required by subsection (d) above and which did not

detect any of the Phase I VOCs, including vinyl chloride, Phase

II, and Phase V VOCs may apply to the Agency for a SEP pursuant to

Section 611.110 that releases it from the requirements of

subsection (e) or (f) above. A supplier that serves fewer than

3300 service connections may apply to the Agency for a SEP

pursuant to Section 611.110 that releases it from the requirements

of subsection (d) above as to 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f)(7) and (f)(10) (1994),

and the discussion at 57 Fed. Reg. 31825 (July 17, 1992).

Provisions concerning the term of the waiver appear below in

subsections (i) and (j) below. The definition of "detect",

parenthetically added to the federal counterpart paragraph is in

subsection (a) above.

Vulnerability Assessment. The Agency shall consider the factors

of Section 611.110(e) in granting a SEP from the requirements of

subsections (d), (e), or (f) above sought pursuant to subsection

(g) above.

A SEP issued to a GWS pursuant to subsection (g) above is for a

maximum of six years, except that a SEP as to the subsection (d)

above monitoring for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene shall apply only to

the initial round of monitoring. As a condition of a SEP, except

as to a SEP from the initial round of subsection (d) above

monitoring for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, the supplier shall, within

30 months after the beginning of the period for which the waiver

was issued, reconfirm its vulnerability assessment required by

subsection (h) above and submitted pursuant to subsection (g)

above, by taking one sample at each sampling point and reapplying

for a SEP pursuant to subsection (g) above. Based on this

application, the Agency shall either:

If it determines that the PWS meets the standard of Section

611.610(e), issue a SEP that reconfirms the prior SEP for

the remaining three-year compliance period of the six-year

maximum term; or,

Issue a new SEP requiring the supplier to sample annually.

BOARD NOTE: This provision does not apply to SWSs and mixed

systems.

Special considerations for SEPs for SWS and mixed systems.

The Agency must determine that a SWS is not vulnerable

before issuing a SEP pursuant to a SWS supplier. A SEP

issued to a SWS or mixed system supplier pursuant to

subsection (g) above is for a maximum of one compliance

period; and

100

The Agency may require, as a condition to a SEP issued to a

SWS or mixed supplier, that the supplier take such samples

for Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs at such a frequency

as the Agency determines are necessary, based on the

vulnerability assessment.

BOARD NOTE: There is a great degree of similarity between

40 CFR 141.24(f)(7), the provision applicable to GWSs, and

40 CFR 141.24(f)(10), the provision for SWSs. The Board has

consolidated the common requirements of both paragraphs into

subsection (g) above. Subsection (j) above represents the

elements unique to SWSs and mixed systems, and subsection

(i) above relates to GWSs. Although 40 CFR 141.24(f)(7) and

(f)(10) are silent as to mixed systems, the Board has

included mixed systems with SWSs because this best follows

the federal scheme for all other contaminants.

If one of the Phase I VOCs, excluding vinyl chloride, Phase II, or

Phase V VOCs is detected in any sample, then:

The supplier shall monitor quarterly for that contaminant at

each sampling point that resulted in a detection.

Annual monitoring.

The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to Section

611.110 that allows a supplier to reduce the

monitoring frequency to annual at a sampling point if

it determines that the sampling point is reliably and

consistently below the MCL.

A request for a SEP must include the following minimal

information:

For a GWS, two quarterly samples.

ii)

For a SWS or mixed system, four quarterly

samples.

In issuing a SEP, the Agency shall specify the level

of the contaminant upon which the "reliably and

consistently" determination was based. All SEPs that

allow less frequent monitoring based on an Agency

"reliably and consistently" determination shall

include a condition requiring the supplier to resume

quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection (k)(1)

above if it violates the MCL specified by Section

611.311.

101

Suppliers that monitor annually shall monitor during the

quarter(s) that previously yielded the highest analytical

result.

Suppliers that do not detect a contaminant at a sampling

point in three consecutive annual samples may apply to the

Agency for a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows it

to discontinue monitoring for that contaminant at that

point, as specified in subsection (g) above.

A GWS supplier that has detected one or more of the two-

carbon contaminants listed in subsection (k)(5)(A) below

shall monitor quarterly for vinyl chloride as described in

subsection (k)(5)(B) below, subject to the limitation of

subsection (k)(5)(C) below.

Two-carbon contaminants (Phase I or II VOC):

1,2-Dichloroethane (Phase I)

1,1-Dichloroethylene (Phase I)

cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (Phase II)

trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene (Phase II)

Tetrachloroethylene (Phase II)

1,1,1-Trichloroethylene (Phase I)

Trichloroethylene (Phase I)

The supplier shall sample quarterly for vinyl chloride

at each sampling point at which it detected one or

more of the two-carbon contaminants listed in

subsection (k)(5)(A) above.

The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to Section

611.110 that allows the supplier to reduce the

monitoring frequency for vinyl chloride at any

sampling point to once in each three-year compliance

period if it determines that the supplier has not

detected vinyl chloride in the first sample required

by subsection (k)(5)(B) above.

Quarterly monitoring following MCL violations.

Suppliers that violate an MCL for one of the Phase I VOCs,

including vinyl chloride, Phase II, or Phase V VOCs, as

determined by subsection (o) below, shall monitor quarterly

for that contaminant, at the sampling point where the

violation occurred, beginning the next quarter after the

violation.

Annual monitoring.

102

The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to Section

611.110 that allows a supplier to reduce the

monitoring frequency to annually if it determines that

the sampling point is reliably and consistently below

the MCL.

A request for a SEP must include the following minimal

information: four quarterly samples.

In issuing a SEP, the Agency shall specify the level

of the contaminant upon which the "reliably and

consistently" determination was based. All SEPs that

allow less frequent monitoring based on an Agency

"reliably and consistently" determination shall

include a condition requiring the supplier to resume

quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection (l)(1)

above if it violates the MCL specified by Section

611.311.

The supplier shall monitor during the quarter(s) that

previously yielded the highest analytical result.

Confirmation samples. The Agency may issue a SEP pursuant to

Section 610.110 to require a supplier to use a confirmation sample

for results that it finds dubious for whatever reason. The Agency

must state its reasons for issuing the SEP if the SEP is Agency-

initiated.

If a supplier detects any of the Phase I, Phase II, or Phase

V VOCs in a sample, the supplier shall take a confirmation

sample as soon as possible, but no later than 14 days after

the supplier receives notice of the detection.

Averaging is as specified in subsection (o) below.

The Agency shall delete the original or confirmation sample

if it determines that a sampling error occurred, in which

case the confirmation sample will replace the original or

confirmation sample.

This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(f)(14), an optional

U.S. EPA provision relating to compositing of samples that U.S.

EPA does not require for state programs. This statement maintains

structural consistency with U.S. EPA rules.

Compliance with the MCLs for the Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V

VOCs must be determined based on the analytical results obtained

at each sampling point.

103

For suppliers that conduct monitoring at a frequency greater

than annual, compliance is determined by a running annual

average of all samples taken at each sampling point.

If the annual average of any sampling point is greater

than the MCL, then the supplier is out of compliance.

If the initial sample or a subsequent sample would

cause the annual average to exceed the MCL, then the

supplier is out of compliance immediately.

Any samples below the detection limit shall be deemed

as zero for purposes of determining the annual

average.

If monitoring is conducted annually, or less frequently, the

supplier is out of compliance if the level of a contaminant

at any sampling point is greater than the MCL. If a

confirmation sample is taken, the determination of

compliance is based on the average of two samples.

When the portion of the distribution system that is out of

compliance is separable from other parts of the distribution

system and has no interconnections, the supplier may issue

the public notice required by Subpart T of this Part only to

persons served by that portion of the distribution system

that is not in compliance.

This provision corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(f)(16) (1994), which

U.S. EPA removed and reserved at 59 Fed. Reg. 62468 (Dec. 5,

1994). This statement maintains structural consistency with the

federal regulations.

Analysis under this Section must only be conducted by laboratories

that have received certification by U.S. EPA or the Agency

according to the following conditions:

To receive certification to conduct analyses for the Phase I

VOCs, excluding vinyl chloride, Phase II VOCs, and Phase V

VOCs, the laboratory must:

Analyze performance evaluation samples that include

these substances provided by the Agency pursuant to 35

Ill. Adm. Code 183.125(c);

Achieve the quantitative acceptance limits under

subsections (q)(1)(C) and (q)(1)(D) below for at least

80 percent of the Phase I VOCs, excluding vinyl

chloride, Phase II VOCs, except vinyl chloride, or

Phase V VOCs;

104

Achieve quantitative results on the analyses performed

under subsection (q)(1)(A) above that are within ± 20

percent of the actual amount of the substances in the

performance evaluation sample when the actual amount

is greater than or equal to 0.010 mg/L;

Achieve quantitative results on the analyses performed

under subsection (q)(1)(A) above that are within ± 40

percent of the actual amount of the substances in the

performance evaluation sample when the actual amount

is less than 0.010 mg/L; and

Achieve a method detection limit of 0.0005 mg/L,

according to the procedures in 40 CFR 136, appendix B,

incorporated by reference in Section 611.102.

To receive certification to conduct analyses for vinyl

chloride the laboratory must:

Analyze performance evaluation samples provided by the

Agency pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 183.125(c);

Achieve quantitative results on the analyses performed

under subsection (q)(2)(A) above that are within ± 40

percent of the actual amount of vinyl chloride in the

performance evaluation sample;

Achieve a method detection limit of 0.0005 mg/L,

according to the procedures in 40 CFR 136, appendix B,

incorporated by reference in Section 611.102; and

Obtain certification pursuant to subsection (q)(1)

above for Phase I VOCs, excluding vinyl chloride,

Phase II VOCs, and Phase V VOCs.

Use of existing data.

The Agency shall allow the use of data collected after

January 1, 1988 but prior to the effective date of this

Section, pursuant to Agency sample request letters, if it

determines that the data are generally consistent with the

requirements of this Section.

The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110

that allows a supplier to monitor annually beginning in the

initial compliance period if it determines that the supplier

did not detect any Phase I, Phase II, or Phase V VOC using

existing data allowed pursuant to subsection (r)(1) above.

105

The Agency shall, by SEP, increase the number of sampling points

or the frequency of monitoring if it determines that it is

necessary to detect variations within the PWS.

Each laboratory certified for the analysis of Phase I, Phase II,

or Phase V VOCs pursuant to subsection (q)(1) or (q)(2) above

shall:

Determine the method detection limit (MDL), as defined in 40

CFR 136, Appendix B, incorporated by reference in Section

611.102, at which it is capable of detecting the Phase I,

Phase II, and Phase V VOCs; and,

Achieve an MDL for each Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOC

that is less than or equal to 0.0005 mg/L.

Each supplier shall monitor, within each compliance period, at the

time designated by the Agency by SEP pursuant to Section 611.110.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f) (1994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.648

Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V Synthetic Organic

Contaminants

Analysis of the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs for the purposes of

determining compliance with the MCL must be conducted as follows:

Definitions. As used in this Section:

"Detect or detection" means that the contaminant of interest

is present at a level greater than or equal to the

"detection limit".

"Detection limit" means the level of the contaminant of

interest that is specified in subsection (r) below.

BOARD NOTE: This is a "trigger level" for Phase II, Phase

IIB, and Phase V SOCs inasmuch as it prompts further action.

The use of the term "detect" or "detection" in this section

is not intended to include any analytical capability of

quantifying lower levels of any contaminant, or the "method

detection limit".

Required sampling. Each supplier shall take a minimum of one

sample at each sampling point at the times required in subsection

(q) below.

BOARD NOTE: U.S. EPA stayed the effective date of the MCLs for

aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, and aldicarb sulfoxide at 57 Fed. Reg.

106

22178 (May 27, 1991). Section 611.311(c) includes this stay.

However, despite the stay of the effectiveness of the MCLs for

these three SOCs, suppliers must monitor for them.

Sampling points.

Sampling points for GWSs. Unless otherwise provided by SEP,

a GWS supplier shall take at least one sample from each of

the following points: each entry point that is

representative of each well after treatment.

Sampling points for SWSs and mixed systems. Unless

otherwise provided by SEP, a SWS or mixed system supplier

shall sample from each of the following points:

Each entry point after treatment; or

Points in the distribution system that are

representative of each source.

The supplier shall take each sample at the same sampling

point unless the Agency has granted a SEP that designates

another location as more representative of each source,

treatment plant, or within the distribution system.

If a system draws water from more than one source, and the

sources are combined before distribution, the supplier shall

sample at an entry point during periods of normal operating

conditions when water is representative of all sources being

used.

BOARD NOTE: Subsections (b) and (c) above derived from 40

CFR 141.24(h)(1) through (h)(3) (19945).

Monitoring frequency:

Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier shall take four consecutive

quarterly samples for each of the Phase II, Phase IIB, and

Phase V SOCs during each compliance period, beginning in the

three-year compliance period starting in the initial

compliance period.

Suppliers serving more than 3,300 persons that do not detect

a contaminant in the initial compliance period, shall take a

minimum of two quarterly samples in one year of each

subsequent three-year compliance period.

Suppliers serving less than or equal to 3,300 persons that

do not detect a contaminant in the initial compliance

period, shall take a minimum of one sample during each

subsequent three-year compliance period.

107

Reduction to annual monitoring frequency. A CWS or NTNCWS

supplier may apply to the Agency for a SEP that releases it from

the requirements of subsection (d) above. A SEP from the

requirement of subsection (d) above shall last for only a single

three-year compliance period.

Vulnerability Assessment. The Agency shall grant a SEP from the

requirements of subsection (d) above based on consideration of the

factors set forth at Section 611.110(e).

If one of the Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase V SOCs is detected in

any sample, then:

The supplier shall monitor quarterly for the contaminant at

each sampling point that resulted in a detection.

Annual monitoring.

A supplier may request that the Agency grant a SEP

pursuant to Section 610.110 that reduces the

monitoring frequency to annual.

A request for a SEP must include the following minimal

information:

For a GWS, two quarterly samples.

ii)

For a SWS or mixed system, four quarterly

samples.

The Agency shall grant a SEP that allows annual

monitoring at a sampling point if it determines that

the sampling point is reliably and consistently below

the MCL.

In issuing the SEP, the Agency shall specify the level

of the contaminant upon which the "reliably and

consistently" determination was based All SEPs that

allow less frequent monitoring based on an Agency

"reliably and consistently" determination shall

include a condition requiring the supplier to resume

quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection (g)(1)

above if it detects any Phase II SOC.

Suppliers that monitor annually shall monitor during the

quarter(s) that previously yielded the highest analytical

result.

Suppliers that have three consecutive annual samples with no

detection of a contaminant at a sampling point may apply to

108

the Agency for a SEP with respect to that point, as

specified in subsections (e) and (f) above.

Monitoring for related contaminants.

If monitoring results in detection of one or more of

the related contaminants listed in subsection

(g)(5)(B) below, subsequent monitoring shall analyze

for all the related compounds in the respective group.

Related contaminants:

first group:

aldicarb

aldicarb sulfone

aldicarb sulfoxide

ii)

second group:

heptachlor

heptachlor epoxide.

Quarterly monitoring following MCL violations.

Suppliers that violate an MCL for one of the Phase II, Phase

IIB, or Phase V SOCs, as determined by subsection (k) below,

shall monitor quarterly for that contaminant at the sampling

point where the violation occurred, beginning the next

quarter after the violation.

Annual monitoring.

A supplier may request that the Agency grant a SEP

pursuant to Section 611.110 that reduces the

monitoring frequency to annual.

A request for a SEP must include, at a minimum, the

results from four quarterly samples.

The Agency shall grant a SEP that allows annual

monitoring at a sampling point if it determines that

the sampling point is reliably and consistently below

the MCL.

In issuing the SEP, the Agency shall specify the level

of the contaminant upon which the "reliably and

consistently" determination was based. All SEPs that

allow less frequent monitoring based on an Agency

"reliably and consistently" determination shall

include a condition requiring the supplier to resume

109

quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection (h)(1)

above if it detects any Phase II SOC.

The supplier shall monitor during the quarter(s) that

previously yielded the highest analytical result.

Confirmation samples.

If any of the Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase V SOCs are

detected in a sample, the supplier shall take a confirmation

sample as soon as possible, but no later than 14 days after

the supplier receives notice of the detection.

Averaging is as specified in subsection (k) below.

The Agency shall delete the original or confirmation sample

if it determines that a sampling error occurred, in which

case the confirmation sample will replace the original or

confirmation sample.

This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(h)(10), an optional

U.S. EPA provision relating to compositing of samples that U.S.

EPA does not require for state programs. This statement maintains

structural consistency with U.S. EPA rules.

Compliance with the MCLs for the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V

SOCs shall be determined based on the analytical results obtained

at each sampling point.

For suppliers that are conducting monitoring at a frequency

greater than annual, compliance is determined by a running

annual average of all samples taken at each sampling point.

If the annual average of any sampling point is greater

than the MCL, then the supplier is out of compliance.

If the initial sample or a subsequent sample would

cause the annual average to be exceeded, then the

supplier is out of compliance immediately.

Any samples below the detection limit must be

calculated as zero for purposes of determining the

annual average.

If monitoring is conducted annually or less frequently, the

supplier is out of compliance if the level of a contaminant

at any sampling point is greater than the MCL. If a

confirmation sample is taken, the determination of

compliance is based on the average of two samples.

110

When the portion of the distribution system that is out of

compliance is separable from other parts of the distribution

system and has no interconnections, the supplier may issue

the public notice required by Subpart T of this Part only to

persons served by that portion of the distribution system

that is not in compliance.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(h)(11) (19945).

This provision corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(h)(12) (19945),

which U.S. EPA removed and reserved at 59 Fed. Reg. 62468 (Dec. 5,

1994). This statement maintains structural consistency with the

federal regulations.

Analysis for PCBs must be conducted as follows using the methods

in Section 611.645:

Each supplier that monitors for PCBs shall analyze each

sample using either U.S. EPA Organic Methods, Method 505 or

Method 508.

If PCBs are detected in any sample analyzed using U.S. EPA

Organic Methods, Methods 505 or 508, the supplier shall

reanalyze the sample using Method 508A to quantitate the

individual Aroclors (as decachlorobiphenyl).

Compliance with the PCB MCL must be determined based upon

the quantitative results of analyses using U.S. EPA Organic

Methods, Method 508A.

Use of existing data.

The Agency shall allow the use of data collected after

January 1, 1990 but prior to the effective date of this

Section, pursuant to Agency sample request letters, if it

determines that the data are generally consistent with the

requirements of this Section.

The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110

that allows a supplier to monitor annually beginning in the

initial compliance period if it determines that the supplier

did not detect any Phase I VOC or Phase II VOC using

existing data allowed pursuant to subsection (n)(1) above.

The Agency shall issue a SEP that increases the number of sampling

points or the frequency of monitoring if it determines that this

is necessary to detect variations within the PWS due to such

factors as fluctuations in contaminant concentration due to

seasonal use or changes in the water source.

111

BOARD NOTE: At 40 CFR 141.24(h)(15), U.S. EPA uses the stated

factors as non-limiting examples of circumstances that make

additional monitoring necessary.

This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(h)(16), a U.S. EPA

provision that the Board has not adopted because it reserves

enforcement authority to the state and would serve no useful

function as part of the state's rules. This statement maintains

structural consistency with U.S. EPA rules.

Each supplier shall monitor, within each compliance period, at the

time designated by the Agency by SEP pursuant to Section 611.110.

"Detection" means greater than or equal to the following

concentrations for each contaminant:

for PCBs (Aroclors):

Aroclor

Detection Limit (mg/L)

1016

0.00008

1221

0.02

1232

0.0005

1242

0.0003

1248

0.0001

1254

0.0001

1260

0.0002

for other Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs:

Contaminant

Detection Limit

(mg/L)

Alachlor

0.0002

Aldicarb

0.0005

Aldicarb sulfoxide

0.0005

Aldicarb sulfone

0.0008

Atrazine

0.0001

Benzo(a)pyrene

0.00002

Carbofuran

0.0009

Chlordane

0.0002

2,4-D

0.0001

Dalapon

0.001

1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane

(DBCP)

0.00002

Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate

0.0006

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate

0.0006

Dinoseb

0.0002

Diquat

0.0004

Endothall

0.009

Endrin

0.00001

112

Ethylene dibromide (EDB)

0.00001

Glyphosate

0.006

Heptachlor

0.00004

Heptachlor epoxide

0.00002

Hexachlorobenzene

0.0001

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

0.0001

Lindane

0.00002

Methoxychlor

0.0001

Oxamyl

0.002

Picloram

0.0001

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

(as decachlorobiphenyl)

0.0001

Pentachlorophenol

0.00004

Simazine

0.00007

Toxaphene

0.001

2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin)

0.000000005

2,4,5-TP (Silvex)

0.0002

Laboratory Certification.

Analyses under this Section must only be conducted by

laboratories that have received approval by U.S. EPA or the

Agency according to the following conditions.

To receive certification to conduct analyses for the Phase

II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs the laboratory must:

Analyze performance evaluation samples provided by the

Agency pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 183.125(c) that

include these substances; and

Achieve quantitative results on the analyses performed

under subsection (s)(2)(A) above that are within the

acceptance limits set forth in subsection (s)(2)(C)

abovebelow.

Acceptance limits:

SOC

Acceptance Limits

Alachlor

± 45%

Aldicarb

2 standard deviations

Aldicarb sulfone

2 standard deviations

Aldicarb sulfoxide

2 standard deviations

Atrazine

± 45%

Benzo(a)pyrene

2 standard deviations

Carbofuran

± 45%

Chlordane

± 45%

Dalapon

2 standard deviations

Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate

2 standard deviations

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Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate

2 standard deviations

Dinoseb

2 standard deviations

Diquat

2 standard deviations

Endothall

2 standard deviations

Endrin

± 30%

Glyphosate

2 standard deviations

Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)

± 40%

Ethylene dibromide (EDB)

± 40%

Heptachlor

± 45%

Heptachlor epoxide

± 45%

Hexachlorobenzene

2 standard deviations

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

2 standard deviations

Lindane

± 45%

Methoxychlor

± 45%

Oxamyl

2 standard deviations

PCBs (as Decachlorobiphenyl)

0-200%

Pentachlorophenol

± 50%

Picloram

2 standard deviations

Simazine

2 standard deviations

Toxaphene

± 45%

2,4-D

± 50%

2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin)

2 standard deviations

2,4,5-TP (Silvex)

± 50%

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(h)

(19945), as amended at 59 Fed. Reg. 62468 (Dec.

5, 1994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

SUBPART P: THM MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section 611.683

Reduced Monitoring Frequency

A CWS supplier utilizing only groundwater sources may, by special

exception permit application, seek to have the monitoring

frequency required by Section 611.6810(b)(1) reduced to a minimum

of one sample for maximum TTHM potential per year for each

treatment plant used by the supplier, taken at a point in the

distribution system reflecting maximum residence time of the water

in the system.

The CWS supplier shall submit to the Agency the results of

at least one sample analyzed for maximum TTHM potential

using the procedure specified in Section 611.687. A sample

must be analyzed forfrom each treatment plant used by the

supplier, taken at a point in the distribution system

114

reflecting the maximum residence time of the water in the

system.

The Agency shall reduce the supplier's monitoring frequency

if it determines that, based upon the data submitted by the

supplier, the supplier has a maximum TTHM potential of less

than 0.10 mg/L and that, based upon an assessment of the

local conditions of the CWS, the CWS is not likely to

approach or exceed the MCL for TTHMs.

The results of all analyses must be reported to the Agency

within 30 days of the supplier's receipt of such results.

All samples collected must be used for determining whether

the supplier complies with the monitoring requirements of

Section 611.6810(b), unless the analytical results are

invalidated for technical reasons.

Sampling and analyses must be conducted in accordance with

the methods listed in Section 611.685.

Loss or modification of reduced monitoring frequency.

If the results from any analysis taken by the supplier for

maximum TTHM potential are equal to or greater than 0.10

mg/L, and such results are confirmed by at least one check

sample taken promptly after such results are received, the

CWS supplier shall immediately begin monitoring in

accordance with the requirements of Section 611.6810(b), and

such monitoring must continue for at least one year before

the frequency may be reduced again.

In the event of any significant change to the CWS's raw

water or treatment program, the supplier shall immediately

analyze an additional sample for maximum TTHM potential

taken at a point in the distribution system reflecting

maximum residence time of the water in the system.

The Agency shall require increased monitoring frequencies

above the minimum where necessary to detect variation of

TTHM levels within the distribution system.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.30 (c) (198994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.684

Averaging

Compliance with Section 611.310(c) is determined based on a running annual

average of quarterly samples collected by the supplier as prescribed in

Section 611.6810(b)(1) or (2). If the average of samples covering any 12

115

month period exceeds the MCL, the CWS supplier shall report to the Agency and

notify the public pursuant to Subpart T. Monitoring after public notification

must be at a frequency designated by the Agency and must continue until a

monitoring schedule as a condition to a variance, adjusted standard or

enforcement action becomes effective.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.30(d) (198994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.685

Analytical Methods

Sampling and analyses made pursuant to this Subpart must be conducted by one

of the total trihalomethanes (TTHM) methods as directed in Section 611.645 and

in U.S. EPA Technical Notes, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102.

For the methods cited in subsections (a) and (b) above, see 40 CFR 141,

subpart C, appendix C, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102. Samples

for TTHM must be dechlorinated upon collection to prevent further production

of Trihalomethanes, according to the procedures described in the methods,

except acidification is not required if only THMs or TTHMs are to be

determined. Samples for maximum TTHM potential must not be dechlorinated or

acidified, and should be held for seven days at 25

C (or above) prior to

analysis.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.30(e) (19945), as amended at 59 Fed. Reg.

62469 (Dec. 5, 1994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.687

Sampling for Maximum THM Potential

The water sample for determination of maximum total trihalomethane

potential must be taken from a point in the distribution system

that reflects maximum residence time. Procedures for sample

collection and handling are given in the methods.

The supplier taking samples shall not add reducing agent to

"quench" the chemical reaction producing THMs at the time of

sample collection. The intent is to permit the level of THM

precursors to be depleted and the concentration of THMs to be

maximized for the supply being tested.

Four experimental parameters affecting maximum THM production are

pH, temperature, reaction time, and the presence of a disinfectant

residual. The supplier taking the sample shall deal with these

parameters as follows:

Measure the disinfectant residual at the selected sampling

point. Proceed only if a measurable disinfectant residual

is present.

116

Collect triplicate 40 mL water samples at the pH prevailing

at the time of sampling, and prepare a method blank

according to the methods.

Seal and store these samples together for seven days at 25

C or above.

After this time period, open one of the sample containers

and check for disinfectant residual. Absence of a

disinfectant residual invalidates the sample for further

analysis.

Once a disinfectant residual has been demonstrated, open

another of the sealed samples and determine total THM

concentration using an approved analytical method.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.30(g) (1995).

(Source: Added at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

SUBPART Q: RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section 611.720

Analytical Methods

The methods specified below, incorporated by reference in Section

611.102, are to be used to determine compliance with Sections

611.330 and 611.331, except in cases where alternative methods

have been approved in accordance with Section 611.480.

Radiochemical Methods;

Standard Methods, 13th Edition:

Gross Alpha and Beta: Method 302;

Total Radium: Method 304;

Radium-226: Method 305;

Strontium-89,90: Method 303;

Tritium: Method 306.

ASTM Methods:

Cesium-134: ASTM D-2459;

Uranium: ASTM D-2907.

117

When the identification and measurement of radionuclides other

than those listed in subsection (a) isare required, the following

methods, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102, are to be

used, except in cases where alternative methods have been approved

in accordance with Section 611.480:

"Procedures for Radiochemical Analysis of Nuclear Reactor

Aqueous Solutions", available from NTIS.

HASL Procedure Manual, HASL 300.

For the purpose of monitoring radioactivity concentrations in

drinking water, the required sensitivity of the radioanalysis is

defined in terms of a detection limit. The detection limit must

be that concentration which can be counted with a precision of

plus or minus 100 percent at the 95 percent confidence level (1.96

sigma where sigma is the standard deviation of the net counting

rate of the sample).

To determine compliance with Section 611.330(a) the

detection limit must not exceed 1 pCi/L. To determine

compliance with Section 611.330(b) the detection limit must

not exceed 3 pCi/L.

To determine compliance with Section 611.331 the detection

limits must not exceed the concentrations listed in that

Section.

To judge compliance with the MCLs listed in Sections 611.330 and

611.331, averages of data must be used and must be rounded to the

same number of significant figures as the MCL for the substance in

question.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.25 (198995).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.731

Gross Alpha

Monitoring requirements for gross alpha particle activity, radium-226 and

radium-228 are as follows:

Compliance must be based on the analysis of an annual composite of

four consecutive quarterly samples or the average of the analyses

of four samples obtained at quarterly intervals.

A gross alpha particle activity measurement may be

substituted for the required radium-226 and radium-228

analysis;, provided, that, the measured gross alpha particle

activity does not exceed 5 pCi/L at a confidence level of 95

percent (1.65 sigma where sigma is the standard deviation of

118

the net counting rate of the sample). In localities where

radium-228 may be present in drinking water, the Agency may,

by special exception permit, require radium-226 or radium-

228 analyses if it determines that the gross alpha particle

activity exceeds 2 pCi/L.

When the gross alpha particle activity exceeds 5 pCi/L, the

same or an equivalent sample must be analyzed for radium-

226. If the concentration of radium-226 exceeds 3 pCi/L the

same or an equivalent sample must be analyzed for radium-

228.

See Section 611.100(e).

CWS suppliers shall monitor at least once every four years

following the procedure required by subsection (a). When an

annual record taken in conformance with subsection (a) has

established that the average annual concentration is less than

half the MCLs established by Section 611.330, the Agency shall, by

special exception permit, substitute analysis of a single sample

for the quarterly sampling procedure required by subsection (a).

The Agency shall, by special exception permit, require more

frequent monitoring in the vicinity of mining or other

operations which may contribute alpha particle radioactivity

to either surface or groundwater sources of drinking water.

A CWS supplier shall monitor in conformance with subsection

(a) for one year after the introduction of a new water

source. The Agency shall, by special exception permit,

require more frequent monitoring in the event of possible

contamination or when changes in the distribution system or

treatment processing occur which may increase the

concentration of radioactivity in finished water.

The Agency shall, by special exception permit, require a CWS

supplier using two or more sources having different

concentrations of radioactivity to monitor source water, in

addition to water from a free-flowing tap.

The Agency shall not require monitoring for radium-228 to

determine compliance with Section 611.330 after the initial

period;, provided, that the average annual concentration of

radium-228 has been assayed at least once using the

quarterly sampling procedure required by subsection (a).

The Agency shall require the CWS supplier to conduct annual

monitoring if the radium-226 concentration exceeds 3 pCi/L.

If the average annual MCL for gross alpha particle activity or

total radium as set forth in Section 611.330 is exceeded, the CWS

119

supplier shall give notice to the Agency and notify the public as

required by Subpart T. Monitoring at quarterly intervals must be

continued until the annual average concentration no longer exceeds

the MCL or until a monitoring schedule as a condition to a

variance, adjusted standard or enforcement action becomes

effective.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.26(a) (198995).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.732

Manmade Radioactivity

Monitoring requirements for manmade radioactivity in CWSs are as follows:

CWSs using surface water sources and serving more than 100,000

persons and such other CWSs as the Agency, by special exception

permit, requires must monitor for compliance with Section 611.331

by analysis of a composite of four consecutive quarterly samples

or analysis of four quarterly samples. Compliance with Section

611.331 is assumed without further analysis if the average annual

concentration of gross beta particle activity is less than 50

pCi/L and if the average annual concentrations of tritium and

strontium-90 are less than those listed in Section 611.331;,

provided, that if both radionuclides are present the sum of their

annual doses equivalents to bone marrow must not exceed 4

millirem/year.

If the gross beta particle activity exceeds 50 pCi/L, an

analysis of the sample must be performed to identify the

major radioactive constituents present and the appropriate

organ and total body doses must be calculated to determine

compliance with Section 611.331.

If the MCLs are exceeded, the Agency shall, by special

exception permit, require the supplier to conduct additional

monitoring to determine the concentration of man-made

radioactivity in principal watersheds.

The Agency shall, pursuant to subsection (d), by special

exception permit, require suppliers of water utilizing only

groundwater to monitor for man-made radioactivity.

See Section 611.100(e).

CWS suppliers shall monitor at least every four years following

the procedure in subsection (a).

The Agency shall, by special exception permit, require any CWS

supplier utilizing waters contaminated by effluents from nuclear

facilities to initiate quarterly monitoring for gross beta

120

particle and iodine-131 radioactivity and annual monitoring for

strontium-90 and tritium.

Quarterly monitoring for gross beta particle activity must

be based on the analysis of monthly samples or the analysis

of a composite of three monthly samples. If the gross beta

particle activity in a sample exceeds 15 pCi/L, the same or

an equivalent sample must be analyzed for strontium-89 and

cesium-134. If the gross beta particle activity exceeds 50

pCi/L, an analysis of the sample must be performed to

identify the major radioactive constitutents present and the

appropriate organ and total body doses must be calculated to

determine compliance with Section 611.331.

For iodine-131, a composite of five consecutive daily

samples must be analyzed once each quarter. The Agency

shall, by special exception permit, require more frequent

monitoring when iodine-131 is identified in the finished

water.

The Agency shall, by special exception permit, require

annual monitoring for strontium-90 and tritium by means of

the analysis of a composite of four consecutive quarterly

samples or analysis of four quarterly samples.

The Agency shall, by special exception permit, allow the

substitution of environmental surveillance data taken in

conjunction with a nuclear facility for direct monitoring of

manmade radioactivity by the supplier where the Agency

determines such data is applicable to the CWS.

If the average annual MCL for man-made radioactivity set forth in

Section 611.331 is exceeded, the CWS supplier shall give notice to

the Agency and to the public as required by Subpart T. Monitoring

at monthly intervals must be continued until the concentration no

longer exceeds the MCL or until a monitoring schedule as a

condition to a variance, adjusted standard or enforcement action

becomes effective.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.26(b) (198995).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

SUBPART T: REPORTING, PUBLIC NOTIFICATION AND RECORDKEEPING

Section 611.831

Monthly Operating Report

Within 30 days following the last day of the month, each CWS supplier shall

submit a monthly operating report to the Agency, on forms provided or approved

by the Agency.

121

BOARD NOTE: This is an additional State requirement.

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.840

Reporting

Except where a shorter period is specified in this Part, a

supplier shall report to the Agency the results of any test

measurement or analysis required by this Part within the following

times, whichever is shortest:

The first ten days following the month in which the result

is received; or

The first ten days following the end of the required

monitoring period, as specified by special exception permit.

Except where a different reporting period is specified in this

Part, the supplier shall report to the Agency within 48 hours:

Theany failure to comply with any provision (including failure to

comply with monitoring requirements) inof this Part.

The supplier is not required to report analytical results to the

Agency in cases where an Agency laboratory performs the analysis.

The supplier, within ten days of completion of each public

notification required pursuant to Section 611.851 et seq., shall

submit to the Agency a representative copy of each type of notice

distributed, published, posted or made available to the persons

served by the supplier or to the media.

The supplier shall submit to the Agency within the time stated in

the request copies of any records required to be maintained under

Section 611.860 or copies of any documents then in existence which

the Agency is entitled to inspect pursuant to the authority of

Section 4 of the Act.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.31 (1989), as amended at 54

Fed. Reg. 27562, June 29, 1989.

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.851

Reporting MCL and other Violations

A supplier that fails to comply with an applicable MCL or treatment technique

established by this Part or which fails to comply with the requirements of any

schedule prescribed pursuant to a variance or adjusted standard shall notify

persons served by the PWS as follows:

Except as provided in subsection (c), the supplier shall give

notice:

122

By publication in a daily newspaper of general circulation

in the area served by the PWS as soon as possible, but in no

case later than 14 days after the violation or failure. If

the area served by a PWS is not served by a daily newspaper

of general circulation, notice must instead be given by

publication in a weekly newspaper of general circulation

serving the area; and

By mail delivery (by direct mail or with the water bill), or

by hand delivery, not later than 45 days after the violation

or failure. This is not required if the Agency determines

by SEP that the supplier in violation has corrected the

violation or failure within the 45-day period; and

For violations of the MCLs of contaminants that pose an

acute risk to human health, by furnishing a copy of the

notice to the radio and television stations serving the area

served by the PWS as soon as possible but in no case later

than 72 hours after the violation. The following violations

are acute violations:

Any violations posing an acute risk to human health,

as specified in this Part or as determined by the

Agency on a case-by-case basis.

Violation of the MCL for nitrate or nitrite in Section

611.301.

Violation of the MCL for total coliforms, when fecal

coliforms or E. coli are present in the water

distribution system, as specified in Section

611.325(b).

Occurrence of a waterborne disease outbreak.

Except as provided in subsection (c), following the initial notice

given under subsection (a), the supplier shall give notice at

least once every three months by mail delivery (by direct mail or

with the water bill) or by hand delivery, for as long as the

violation or failure exists.

Alternative methods of notice.

In lieu of the requirements of subsections (a) and (b), a

CWS supplier in an area that is not served by a daily or

weekly newspaper of general circulation shall give notice by

hand delivery or by continuous posting in conspicuous places

within the area served by the CWS. Notice by hand delivery

or posting must begin as soon as possible, but no later than

72 hours after the violation or failure for acute violations

123

(as defined in subsection (a)(3)) or 14 days after the

violation or failure (for any other violation). Posting

must continue for as long as the violation or failure

exists. Notice by hand delivery must be repeated at least

every three months for as long as the violation or failure

exists.

In lieu of the requirements of subsections (a) and (b), a

non-CWS supplier may give notice by hand delivery or by

continuous posting in conspicuous places within the area

served by the non-CWS. Notice by hand delivery or posting

must begin as soon as possible, but no later than 72 hours

after the violation or failure for acute violations (as

defined in subsection (a)(3)), or 14 days after the

violation or failure (for any other violation). Posting

must continue for as long as the violation or failure

exists. Notice by hand delivery must be repeated at least

every three months for as long as the violation or failure

exists.

Where allowed, pursuant to Section 611.609(d),

611.646(o)(3), 611.647(i), or 611.648(k)(3) because it has a

separable system, a supplier may issue public notice only to

persons on that portion of its system that its out of

compliance.

BOARD NOTE: Generally derived from 40 CFR 141.32(a) (1993).

Subsection (c)(3) derived from 40 CFR 141.23(i)(4) &

141.24(f)(15)(iii), (g)(9) & (h)(11)(iii) (1993).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.852

Reporting other Violations

A supplier that fails to perform monitoring required by this Part, which fails

to comply with a testing procedure established by this Part, or which is

subject to a variance or adjusted standard under Section 611.111, 611.112 or

611.113 shall notify persons served by the PWS as follows:

Except as provided in subsection (c) or (d), the supplier shall

give notice, within three months of the violation or granting of a

variance or adjusted standard, by publication in a daily newspaper

of general circulation in the area served by the PWS. If the area

served by a PWS is not served by a daily newspaper of general

circulation, notice must instead be given by publication in a

weekly newspaper of general circulation serving the area.

Except as provided in subsection (c) or (d), following the initial

notice given under subsection (a), the supplier shall give notice

at least once every three months by mail delivery (by direct mail

or with the water bill) or by hand delivery, for as long as the

124

violation exists. Repeat notice of the existence of a variance or

adjusted standard (Section 611.111 through 611.113) must be given

every three months for as long as the variance or adjusted

standard remains in effect.

Alternative methods of notice.

In lieu of the requirements of subsections (a) and (b), a

CWS supplier in an area that is not served by a daily or

weekly newspaper of general circulation shall give notice,

within three months of the violation or granting of the

variance or adjusted standard, by hand delivery or by

continuous posting in conspicuous places within the area

served by the CWS. Posting must continue for as long as the

violation exists or a variance or adjusted standard remains

in effect. The CWS supplier shall repeat the notice by hand

delivery every three months for as long as the variance or

adjusted standard remains in effect.

In lieu of the requirements of subsections (a) and (b), a

non-CWS supplier may give notice, within three months of the

violation or the granting of the variance or adjusted

standard, by hand delivery or by continuous posting in

conspicuous places within the area served by the non-CWS.

Posting must continue for as long as the violation exists,

or a variance or adjusted standard remains in effect.

Notice by hand delivery must be repeated at least every

three months for as long as the violation exists or a

variance or adjusted standard remains in effect.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(b) (19915).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.858

Fluoride Secondary Standard

If a CWS exceeds the secondary standard for fluoride of 2.0 mg/L, as

determined by the last single sample taken in accordance with Section

611.6073, but does not exceed the MCL in Section 611.3001(b), the supplier

shall provide the fluoride notice in Section 611.Appendix A(9) to:

All billing units annually;

All billing units at the time service begins; and

The local public health department.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 143.3 and 143.5 (1994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

125

Section 611.870

List of 36 Contaminants (Repealed)

a) This Section applies to only the contaminants listed in Section

611.650.

b) A CWS or NTNCWS supplier who is required to monitor under Section

611.650 shall send a copy of the results of such monitoring within

30 days of receipt and any public notice under subsection (d) to

the Agency or, for non-CWSs, Public Health.

c) See Section 611.100(e).

d) The supplier shall notify persons served by the PWS of the

availability of the results of sampling conducted under Section

611.650 by including a notice in the first set of water bills

issued by the supplier after the receipt of the results or written

notice within three months. The notice must identify a person and

supply the telephone number to contact for information on the

monitoring results. For surface water systems, public

notification is required only after the first quarter's monitoring

and must include a statement that additional monitoring will be

conducted for three more quarters with the results available upon

request.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.35 (1989).

(Source: Repealed at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.Appendix A Mandatory Health Effects Information

Trichloroethylene. The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined

that trichloroethylene is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. This chemical is a common metal cleaning and dry

cleaning fluid. It generally gets into drinking water by improper

waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in

laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are

exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause

cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer

in humans who are exposed at lower levels over long periods of

time. U.S. EPA has set forth the enforceable drinking water

standard for trichloroethylene at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to

reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which

have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water which

meets this standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and should be considered safe.

Carbon tetrachloride. The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined

that carbon tetrachloride is a health concern at certain levels of

126

exposure. This chemical was once a popular household cleaning

fluid. It generally gets into drinking water by improper waste

disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in

laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are

exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause

cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer

in humans who are exposed at lower levels over long periods of

time. U.S. EPA has set the enforceable drinking water standard

for carbon tetrachloride at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to

reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which

have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water which

meets this standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and should be considered safe.

1,2-Dichloroethane. The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined

that 1,2-dichloroethane is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. This chemical is used as a cleaning fluid for fats,

oils, waxes and resins. It generally gets into drinking water by

improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause

cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the

animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.

Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may

increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed at lower

levels over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the

enforceable drinking water standard for 1,2-dichloroethane at

0.005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or

other adverse health effects which have been observed in

laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets this standard is

associated with little to none of this risk and should be

considered safe.

Vinyl chloride. The United States Environmental Protection Agency

(U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that

vinyl chloride is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This chemical is used in industry and is found in drinking water

as a result of the breakdown of related solvents. The solvents

are used as cleaners and degreasers of metals and generally get

into drinking water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has

been associated with significantly increased risks of cancer among

certain industrial workers who were exposed to relatively large

amounts of this chemical during their working careers. This

chemical has also been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals

when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.

Chemicals that cause increased risk of cancer among exposed

industrial workers and in laboratory animals also may increase the

risk of cancer in humans who are exposed at lower levels over long

periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the enforceable drinking water

standard for vinyl chloride at 0.002 parts per million (ppm) to

reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which

have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water which

127

meets this standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and should be considered safe.

Benzene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that benzene

is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This chemical

is used as a solvent and degreaser of metals. It is also a major

component of gasoline. Drinking water contamination generally

results from leaking underground gasoline and petroleum tanks or

improper waste disposal. This chemical has been associated with

significantly increased risks of leukemia among certain industrial

workers who were exposed to relatively large amounts of this

chemical during their working careers. This chemical has been

shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals when the animals are

exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause

increased risk of cancer among exposed industrial workers and in

laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans

who are exposed at lower levels over long periods of time. U.S.

EPA has set the enforceable drinking water standard for benzene at

0.005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or

other adverse health effects which have been observed in humans

and laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets this standard

is associated with little to none of this risk and should be

considered safe.

1,1-Dichloroethylene. The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined

that 1,1-dichloroethylene is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. This chemical is used in industry and is found in

drinking water as a result of the breakdown of related solvents.

The solvents are used as cleaners and degreasers of metals and

generally get into drinking water by improper waste disposal.

This chemical has been shown to cause liver and kidney damage in

laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are

exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause

adverse effects in laboratory animals also may cause adverse

health effects in humans who are exposed at lower levels over long

periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the enforceable drinking water

standard for 1,1-dichloroethylene at 0.007 parts per million (ppm)

to reduce the risk of these adverse health effects which have been

observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets this

standard is associated with little to none of this risk and should

be considered safe.

Para-dichlorobenzene. The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined

that para-dichlorobenzene is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. This chemical is a component of deodorizers, moth balls

and pesticides. It generally gets into drinking water by improper

waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause liver and

kidney damage in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the

128

animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.

Chemicals which cause adverse effects in laboratory animals also

may cause adverse health effects in humans who are exposed at

lower levels over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the

enforceable drinking water standard for para-dichlorobenzene at

0.075 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of these adverse

health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals.

Drinking water which meets this standard is associated with little

to none of this risk and should be considered safe.

1,1,1-Trichloroethane. The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined

that 1,1,1-trichloroethane is a health concern at certain levels

of exposure. This chemical is used as a cleaner and degreaser of

metals. It generally gets into drinking water by improper waste

disposal. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver,

nervous system and circulatory system of laboratory animals such

as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over

their lifetimes. Some industrial workers who were exposed to

relatively large amounts of this chemical during their working

careers also suffered damage to the liver, nervous system and

circulatory system. Chemicals which cause adverse effects among

exposed industrial workers and in laboratory animals also may

cause adverse health effects in humans who are exposed at lower

levels over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the

enforceable drinking water standard for 1,1,1-trichloroethane at

0.2 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these

adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory

animals. Drinking water which meets this standard is associated

with little to none of this risk and should be considered safe.

Fluoride. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requires that

we send you this notice on the level of fluoride in your drinking

water. The drinking water in your community has a fluoride

concentration of [concentration to be provided by supplier]

milligrams per liter (mg/L).

Federal regulations require that fluoride, which occurs naturally

in your water supply, not exceed a concentration of 4.0 mg/L in

drinking water. This is an enforceable standard called a Maximum

Contaminant Level (MCL), and it has been established to protect

the public health. Exposure to drinking water levels above 4.0

mg/L for many years may result in some cases of crippling skeletal

fluorosis, which is a serious bone disorder.

Federal law also requires that we notify you when monitoring

indicates that the fluoride in your drinking water exceeds 2.0

mg/L. This is intended to alert families about dental problems

that might affect children under nine years of age. The fluoride

concentration of your water exceeds this federal guideline.

129

Fluoride in children's drinking water at levels of approximately 1

mg/L reduces the number of dental cavities. However, some

children exposed to levels of fluoride greater than about 2.0 mg/L

may develop dental fluorosis. Dental fluorosis, in its moderate

and severe forms, is a brown staining and/or pitting of the

permanent teeth.

Because dental fluorosis occurs only when developing teeth (before

they erupt from the gums) are exposed to elevated fluoride levels,

households without children are not expected to be affected by

this level of fluoride. Families with children under the age of

nine are encouraged to seek other sources of drinking water for

their children to avoid the possibility of staining and pitting.

Your water supplier can lower the concentration of fluoride in

your water so that you will still receive the benefits of cavity

prevention while the possibility of stained and pitted teeth is

minimized. Removal of fluoride may increase your water costs.

Treatment systems are also commercially available for home use.

Information on such systems is available at the address given

below. Low fluoride bottled drinking water that would meet all

standards is also commercially available.

For further information, contact [name of contact person to be

provided by supplier] at your water system.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(e)(9) and 143.5 (19945).

10)

Microbiological contaminants (for use when there is a violation of

the treatment technique requirements for filtration and

disinfection in Subpart B of this Part). The United States

Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that the presence of microbiological

contaminants are a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

If water is inadequately treated, microbiological contaminants in

that water may cause disease. Disease symptoms may include

diarrhea, cramps, nausea and possibly jaundice and any associated

headaches and fatigue. These symptoms, however, are not just

associated with disease-causing organisms in drinking water, but

also may be caused by a number of factors other than your drinking

water. U.S. EPA has set enforceable requirements for treating

drinking water to reduce the risk of these adverse health effects.

Treatment such as filtering and disinfecting the water removes or

destroys microbiological contaminants. Drinking water which is

treated to meet U.S. EPA requirements is associated with little to

none of this risk and should be considered safe.

11)

Total coliforms. (To be used when there is a violation of Section

611.325(a) and not a violation of Section 611.325(b)). The United

States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking

water standards and has determined that the presence of total

130

coliforms is a possible health concern. Total coliforms are

common in the environment and are generally not harmful

themselves. The presence of these bacteria in drinking water,

however, generally is a result of a problem with water treatment

or the pipes which distribute the water and indicates that the

water may be contaminated with organisms that can cause disease.

Disease symptoms may include diarrhea, cramps, nausea and possibly

jaundice, and any associated headaches and fatigue. These

symptoms, however, are not just associated with disease-causing

organisms in drinking water, but also may be caused by a number of

factors other than your drinking water. U.S. EPA has set an

enforceable drinking water standard for total coliforms to reduce

the risk of these adverse health effects. Under this standard, no

more than 5.0 percent of the samples collected during a month can

contain these bacteria, except that systems collecting fewer than

40 samples/month that have one total coliform-positive sample per

month are not violating the standard. Drinking water which meets

this standard is usually not associated with a health risk from

disease-causing bacteria and should be considered safe.

12)

Fecal Coliforms/E. coli. (To be used when there is a violation of

Section 611.325(b) or both Section 611.325(a) and (b).) The

United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that the presence of

fecal coliforms or E. coli is a serious health concern. Fecal

coliforms and E. coli are generally not harmful themselves, but

their presence in drinking water is serious because they usually

are associated with sewage or animal wastes. The presence of

these bacteria in drinking water is generally a result of a

problem with water treatment or the pipes which distribute the

water and indicates that the water may be contaminated with

organisms that can cause disease. Disease symptoms may include

diarrhea, cramps, nausea and possibly jaundice, and associated

headaches and fatigue. These symptoms, however, are not just

associated with disease-causing organisms in drinking water, but

also may be caused by a number of factors other than your drinking

water. U.S. EPA has set an enforceable drinking water standard

for fecal coliforms and E. coli to reduce the risk of these

adverse health effects. Under this standard all drinking water

samples must be free of these bacteria. Drinking water which

meets this standard is associated with little or none of this risk

and should be considered safe. State and local health authorities

recommend that consumers take the following precautions: [To be

inserted by the public water system, according to instruction from

State or local authorities].

13)

Lead. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that lead is

a health concern at certain exposure levels. Materials that

contain lead have frequently been used in the construction of

water supply distribution systems, and plumbing systems in private

131

homes and other buildings. The most commonly found materials

include service lines, pipes, brass and bronze fixtures, and

solders and fluxes. Lead in these materials can contaminate

drinking water as a result of the corrosion that takes place when

water comes into contact with those materials. Lead can cause a

variety of adverse health effects in humans. At relatively low

levels of exposure, these effects may include interference with

red blood cell chemistry, delays in normal physical and mental

development in babies and young children, slight deficits in the

attention span, hearing, and learning abilities of children, and

slight increases in the blood pressure of some adults. U.S. EPA's

national primary drinking water regulation requires all public

water systems to optimize corrosion control to minimize lead

contamination resulting from the corrosion of plumbing materials.

Public water systems serving 50,000 people or fewer that have

lead concentrations below 15 parts per billion (ppb) in more than

90% of tap water samples (the U.S. EPA "action level") have

optimized their corrosion control treatment. Any water system

that exceeds the action level must also monitor their source water

to determine whether treatment to remove lead in source water is

needed. Any water system that continues to exceed the action

level after installation of corrosion control and/or source water

treatment must eventually replace all lead service lines

contributing in excess of 15 ppb of lead to drinking water. Any

water system that exceeds the action level must also undertake a

public education program to inform consumers of ways they can

reduce their exposure to potentially high levels of lead in

drinking water.

14)

Copper. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that copper

is a health concern at certain exposure levels. Copper, a

reddish-brown metal, is often used to plumb residential and

commercial structures that are connected to water distribution

systems. Copper contaminating drinking water as a corrosion by-

product occurs as the result of the corrosion of copper pipes that

remain in contact with water for a prolonged period of time.

Copper is an essential nutrient, but at high doses it has been

shown to cause stomach and intestinal distress, liver and kidney

damage, and anemia. Persons with Wilson's disease may be at a

higher risk of health effects due to copper than the general

public. U.S. EPA's national primary drinking water regulation

requires all public water systems to install optimal corrosion

control to minimize copper contamination resulting from the

corrosion of plumbing materials. Public water systems serving

50,000 people or fewer that have copper concentrations below 1.3

parts per million (ppm) in more than 90% of tap water samples (the

U.S. EPA "action level") are not required to install or improve

their treatment. Any water system that exceeds the action level

must also monitor their source water to determine whether

treatment to remove copper in source water is needed.

132

15)

Asbestos. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that

asbestos fibers greater than 10 micrometers in length are a health

concern at certain levels of exposure. Asbestos is a naturally

occurring mineral. Most asbestos fibers in drinking water are

less than 10 micrometers in length and occur in drinking water

from natural sources and from corroded asbestos-cement pipes in

the distribution system. The major uses of asbestos were in the

production of cements, floor tiles, paper products, paint, and

caulking; in transportation-related applications; and in the

production of textiles and plastics. Asbestos was once a popular

insulating and fire retardant material. Inhalation studies have

shown that various forms of asbestos have produced lung tumors in

laboratory animals. The available information on the risk of

developing gastrointestinal tract cancer associated with the

ingestion of asbestos from drinking water is limited. Ingestion

of intermediate-range chrysolite asbestos fibers greater than 10

micrometers in length is associated with causing benign tumors in

male rats. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also

may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over

long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water

standard for asbestos at 7 million long fibers per liter to reduce

the potential risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which

have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water which

meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of

this risk and should be considered safe with respect to asbestos.

16)

Barium. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that barium

is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This inorganic

chemical occurs naturally in some aquifers that serve as sources

of groundwater. It is also used in oil and gas drilling muds,

automotive paints, bricks, tiles, and jet fuels. It generally

gets into drinking water after dissolving from naturally occurring

minerals in the ground. This chemical may damage the heart and

vascular system, and is associated with high blood pressure in

laboratory animals such as rats exposed to high levels during

their lifetimes. In humans, U.S. EPA believes that effects from

barium on blood pressure should not occur below 2 parts per

million (ppm) in drinking water. U.S. EPA has set the drinking

water standard for barium at 2 parts per million (ppm) to protect

against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water

that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none

of this risk and is considered safe with respect to barium.

17)

Cadmium. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that cadmium

is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. Food and the

smoking of tobacco are common sources of general exposure. This

inorganic metal is a contaminant in the metals used to galvanize

133

pipe. It generally gets into water by corrosion of galvanized

pipes or by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown

to damage the kidney in animals such as rats and mice when the

animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Some

industrial workers who were exposed to relatively large amounts of

this chemical during working careers also suffered damage to the

kidney. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for cadmium

at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of

these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S.

EPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to cadmium.

18)

Chromium. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that

chromium is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This

inorganic metal occurs naturally in the ground and is often used

in the electroplating of metals. It generally gets into water

from runoff from old mining operations and improper waste disposal

from plating operations. This chemical has been shown to damage

the kidney, nervous system, and the circulatory system of

laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are

exposed at high levels. Some humans who were exposed to high

levels of this chemical suffered liver and kidney damage,

dermatitis and respiratory problems. U.S. EPA has set the

drinking water standard for chromium at 0.1 parts per million

(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.

Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated

with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with

respect to chromium.

19)

Mercury. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that mercury

is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This inorganic

metal is used in electrical equipment and some water pumps. It

usually gets into water as a result of improper waste disposal.

This chemical has been shown to damage the kidney of laboratory

animals such as rats when the animals are exposed at high levels

over their lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water

standard for mercury at 0.002 parts per million (ppm) to protect

against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water

that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none

of this risk and is considered safe with respect to mercury.

20)

Nitrate. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that nitrate

poses an acute health concern at certain levels of exposure.

Nitrate is used in fertilizer and is found in sewage and wastes

from human and/or farm animals and generally gets into drinking

water from those activities. Excessive levels of nitrate in

drinking water have caused serious illness and sometimes death in

infants under six months of age. The serious illness in infants

134

is caused because nitrate is converted to nitrite in the body.

Nitrite interferes with the oxygen carrying capacity of the

child's blood. This is an acute disease in that symptoms can

develop rapidly in infants. In most cases, health deteriorates

over a period of days. Symptoms include shortness of breath and

blueness of the skin. Clearly, expert medical advice should be

sought immediately if these symptoms occur. The purpose of this

notice is to encourage parents and other responsible parties to

provide infants with an alternate source of drinking water. Local

and State health authorities are the best source for information

concerning alternate sources of drinking water for infants. U.S.

EPA has set the drinking water standard at 10 parts per million

(ppm) for nitrate to protect against the risk of these adverse

effects. U.S. EPA has also set a drinking water standard for

nitrite at 1 ppm. To allow for the fact that the toxicity of

nitrate and nitrite are additive. , U.S. EPA has also established

a standard for the sum of nitrate and nitrite at 10 ppm. Drinking

water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little

to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to

nitrate.

21)

Nitrite. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that nitrite

poses an acute health concern at certain levels of exposure. This

inorganic chemical is used in fertilizers and is found in sewage

and wastes from humans and/or farm animals and generally gets into

drinking water as a result of those activities. While excessive

levels of nitrite in drinking water have not been observed, other

sources of nitrite have caused serious illness and sometimes death

in infants under six months of age. The serious illness in

infants is caused because nitrite interferes with the oxygen

carrying capacity of the child's blood. This is an acute disease

in that symptoms can develop rapidly. However, in most cases,

health deteriorates over a period of days. Symptoms include

shortness of breath and blueness of the skin. Clearly, expert

medical advice should be sought immediately if these symptoms

occur. The purpose of this notice is to encourage parents and

other responsible parties to provide infants with an alternate

source of drinking water. Local and State health authorities are

the best source for information concerning alternate sources of

drinking water for infants. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water

standard at 1 part per million (ppm) for nitrite to protect

against the risk of these adverse effects. U.S. EPA has also set

a drinking water standard for nitrate (converted to nitrite in

humans) at 10 ppm and for the sum of nitrate and nitrite at 10

ppm. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is

associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe

with respect to nitrite.

22)

Selenium. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that

135

selenium is a health concern at certain high levels of exposure.

Selenium is also an essential nutrient at low levels of exposure.

This inorganic chemical is found naturally in food and soils and

is used in electronics, photocopy operations, the manufacture of

glass, chemicals, drugs, and as a fungicide and a feed additive.

In humans, exposure to high levels of selenium over a long period

of time has resulted in a number of adverse health effects,

including a loss of feeling and control in the arms and legs.

U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for selenium at 0.05

parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these

adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA

standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to selenium.

23)

Acrylamide. The United States Environmental Protection Agency

(U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that

acrylamide is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

Polymers made from acrylamide are sometimes used to treat water

supplies to remove particulate contaminants. Acrylamide has been

shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice

when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.

Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may

increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long

periods of time. Sufficiently large doses of acrylamide are known

to cause neurological injury. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water

standard for acrylamide using a treatment technique to reduce the

risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have been

observed in laboratory animals. This treatment technique limits

the amount of acrylamide in the polymer and the amount of the

polymer which may be added to drinking water to remove

particulates. Drinking water systems which comply with this

treatment technique have little to no risk and are considered safe

with respect to acrylamide.

24)

Alachlor. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that

alachlor is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This

organic chemical is a widely used pesticide. When soil and

climatic conditions are favorable, alachlor may get into drinking

water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into

groundwater. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in

laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are

exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause

cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer

in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has

set the drinking water standard for alachlor at 0.002 parts per

million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health

effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking

water that meets this standard is associated with little to none

of this risk and is considered safe with respect to alachlor.

136

25)

Aldicarb. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that

aldicarb is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

Aldicarb is a widely used pesticide. Under certain soil and

climatic conditions (e.g., sandy soil and high rainfall), aldicarb

may leach into groundwater after normal agricultural applications

to crops such as potatoes or peanuts or may enter drinking water

supplies as a result of surface runoff. This chemical has been

shown to damage the nervous system in laboratory animals such as

rats and dogs exposed to high levels. U.S. EPA has set the

drinking water standard for aldicarb at 0.003 parts per million

(ppm) to reduce the risk of adverse health effects. Drinking

water that meets this standard is associated with little to none

of this risk and is considered safe with respect to aldicarb.

26)

Aldicarb sulfoxide. The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined

that aldicarb sulfoxide is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. Aldicarb is a widely used pesticide. Aldicarb

sulfoxide in groundwater is primarily a breakdown product of

aldicarb. Under certain soil and climatic conditions (e.g., sandy

soil and high rainfall), aldicarb sulfoxide may leach into

groundwater after normal agricultural applications to crops such

as potatoes or peanuts or may enter drinking water supplies as a

result of surface runoff. This chemical has been shown to damage

the nervous system in laboratory animals such as rats and dogs

exposed to high levels. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water

standard for aldicarb sulfoxide at 0.004 parts per million (ppm)

to reduce the risk of adverse health effects. Drinking water that

meets this standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and is considered safe with respect to aldicarb sulfoxide.

27)

Aldicarb sulfone. The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined

that aldicarb sulfone is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. Aldicarb is a widely used pesticide. Aldicarb sulfone

in groundwater is primarily a breakdown product of aldicarb.

Under certain soil and climatic conditions (e.g., sandy soil and

high rainfall), aldicarb sulfone may leach into groundwater after

normal agricultural applications to crops such as potatoes or

peanuts or may enter drinking water supplies as a result of

surface runoff. This chemical has been shown to damage the

nervous system in laboratory animals such as rats and dogs exposed

to high levels. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for

aldicarb sulfone at 0.002 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the

risk of adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets this

standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to aldicarb sulfone.

28)

Atrazine. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that

137

atrazine is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This

organic chemical is a herbicide. When soil and climatic

conditions are favorable, atrazine may get into drinking water by

runoff into surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This

chemical has been shown to affect offspring of rats and the hearts

of dogs. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for

atrazine at 0.003 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the

risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets

the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of this

risk and is considered safe with respect to atrazine.

29)

Carbofuran. The United States Environmental Protection Agency

(U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that

carbofuran is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This organic chemical is a pesticide. When soil and climatic

conditions are favorable, carbofuran may get into drinking water

by runoff into surface water or by leaching into groundwater.

This chemical has been shown to damage the nervous and

reproductive systems of laboratory animals such as rats and mice

exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Some humans who were

exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical during their

working careers also suffered damage to the nervous system.

Effects on the nervous system are generally rapidly reversible.

U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for carbofuran at

0.04 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these

adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA

standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to carbofuran.

30)

Chlordane. The United States Environmental Protection Agency

(U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that

chlordane is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This

organic chemical is a pesticide used to control termites.

Chlordane is not very mobile in soils. It usually gets into

drinking water after application near water supply intakes or

wells. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory

animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high

levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in

laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans

who are exposed over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the

drinking water standard for chlordane at 0.002 parts per million

(ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects

which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water

that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none

of this risk and is considered safe with respect to chlordane.

31)

Dibromochloropropane (DBCP). The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has

determined that DBCP is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. This organic chemical was once a popular pesticide.

When soil and climatic conditions are favorable, DBCP may get into

138

drinking water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into

groundwater. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in

laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are

exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause

cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer

in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has

set the drinking water standard for DBCP at 0.0002 parts per

million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health

effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking

water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little

to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to DBCP.

32)

o-Dichlorobenzene. The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined

that o-dichlorobenzene is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. This organic chemical is used as a solvent in the

production of pesticides and dyes. It generally gets into water

by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to

damage the liver, kidney and the blood cells of laboratory animals

such as rats and mice exposed to high levels during their

lifetimes. Some industrial workers who were exposed to relatively

large amounts of this chemical during working careers also

suffered damage to the liver, nervous system, and circulatory

system. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for

o-dichlorobenzene at 0.6 parts per million (ppm) to protect

against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water

that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none

of this risk and is considered safe with respect to

o-dichlorobenzene.

33)

cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene. The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) establishes drinking water standards

and has determined that cis-1,2-dichloroethylene is a health

concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is

used as a solvent and intermediate in chemical production. It

generally gets into water by improper waste disposal. This

chemical has been shown to damage the liver, nervous system, and

circulatory system of laboratory animals such as rats and mice

when exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Some humans who

were exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical also

suffered damage to the nervous system. U.S. EPA has set the

drinking water standard for cis-1,2-dichloroethylene at 0.07 parts

per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse

health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard

is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered

safe with respect to cis-1,2-dichloroethylene.

34)

trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene. The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) establishes drinking water standards

and has determined that trans-1,2-dichloroethylene is a health

concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is

139

used as a solvent and intermediate in chemical production. It

generally gets into water by improper waste disposal. This

chemical has been shown to damage the liver, nervous system, and

the circulatory system of laboratory animals such as rats and mice

when exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Some humans who

were exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical also

suffered damage to the nervous system. U.S. EPA has set the

drinking water standard for trans-1,2-dichloroethylene at 0.1

parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these

adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA

standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to trans-1,2-dichloroethylene.

35)

1,2-Dichloropropane. The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined

that 1,2-dichloropropane is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. This organic chemical is used as a solvent and

pesticide. When soil and climatic conditions are favorable, 1,2-

dichloropropane may get into drinking water by runoff into surface

water or by leaching into groundwater. It may also get into

drinking water through improper waste disposal. This chemical has

been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and

mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their

lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also

may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over

long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water

standard for 1,2-dichloropropane at 0.005 parts per million (ppm)

to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which

have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that

meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of

this risk and is considered safe with respect to

1,2-dichloropropane.

36)

2,4-D. This contaminant is subject to an "additional State

requirement". The supplier shall give the following notice if the

level exceeds the Section 611.311 MCL. If the level exceeds the

Section 611.310 MCL, but not that of Section 611.311, the supplier

shall give a general notice under Section 611.854.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that 2,4-D is a health

concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is

used as a herbicide and to control algae in reservoirs. When soil

and climatic conditions are favorable, 2,4-D may get into drinking

water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into

groundwater. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver and

kidney of laboratory animals such as rats exposed at high levels

during their lifetimes. Some humans who were exposed to

relatively large amounts of this chemical also suffered damage to

the nervous system. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard

for 2,4-D at 0.07 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the

140

risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets

the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of this

risk and is considered safe with respect to 2,4-D.

37)

Epichlorohydrin. The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined

that epichlorohydrin is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. Polymers made from epichlorohydrin are sometimes used

in the treatment of water supplies as a flocculent to remove

particulates. Epichlorohydrin generally gets into drinking water

by improper use of these polymers. This chemical has been shown

to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when

the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.

Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may

increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long

periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for

epichlorohydrin using a treatment technique to reduce the risk of

cancer or other adverse health effects which have been observed in

laboratory animals. This treatment technique limits the amount of

epichlorohydrin in the polymer and the amount of the polymer which

may be added to drinking water as a flocculent to remove

particulates. Drinking water systems which comply with this

treatment technique have little to no risk and are considered safe

with respect to epichlorohydrin.

38)

Ethylbenzene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency

(U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined

ethylbenzene is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This organic chemical is a major component of gasoline. It

generally gets into water by improper waste disposal or leaking

gasoline tanks. This chemical has been shown to damage the

kidney, liver, and nervous system of laboratory animals such as

rats exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. U.S. EPA has

set the drinking water standard for ethylbenzene at 0.7 parts per

million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health

effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is

associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe

with respect to ethylbenzene.

39)

Ethylene dibromide (EDB). The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has

determined that EDB is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. This organic chemical was once a popular pesticide.

When soil and climatic conditions are favorable, EDB may get into

drinking water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into

groundwater. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in

laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are

exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause

cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer

in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has

set the drinking water standard for EDB at 0.00005 parts per

141

million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health

effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking

water that meets this standard is associated with little to none

of this risk and is considered safe with respect to EDB.

40)

Heptachlor. This contaminant is subject to an "additional State

requirement". The supplier shall give the following notice if the

level exceeds the Section 611.311 MCL. If the level exceeds the

Section 611.310 MCL, but not that of Section 611.311, the supplier

shall give a general notice under Section 611.854.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that heptachlor is a

health concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic

chemical was once a popular pesticide. When soil and climatic

conditions are favorable, heptachlor may get into drinking water

by runoff into surface water or by leaching into groundwater.

This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals

such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels

over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory

animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are

exposed over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the drinking

water standards for heptachlor at 0.0004 parts per million (ppm)

to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which

have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that

meets this standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and is considered safe with respect to heptachlor.

41)

Heptachlor epoxide. This contaminant is subject to an "additional

State requirement". The supplier shall give the following notice

if the level exceeds the Section 611.311 MCL. If the level

exceeds the Section 611.310 MCL, but not that of Section 611.311,

the supplier shall give a general notice under Section 611.854.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that heptachlor

epoxide is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This

organic chemical was once a popular pesticide. When soil and

climatic conditions are favorable, heptachlor epoxide may get into

drinking water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into

groundwater. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in

laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are

exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause

cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer

in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has

set the drinking water standards for heptachlor epoxide at 0.0002

parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other

adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory

animals. Drinking water that meets this standard is associated

with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with

respect to heptachlor epoxide.

142

42)

Lindane. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that lindane

is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic

chemical is used as a pesticide. When soil and climatic

conditions are favorable, lindane may get into drinking water by

runoff into surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This

chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney, nervous

system, and immune system of laboratory animals such as rats, mice

and dogs exposed at high levels during their lifetimes. Some

humans who were exposed to relatively large amounts of this

chemical also suffered damage to the nervous system and

circulatory system. U.S. EPA has established the drinking water

standard for lindane at 0.0002 parts per million (ppm) to protect

against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water

that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none

of this risk and is considered safe with respect to lindane.

43)

Methoxychlor. The United States Environmental Protection Agency

(U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that

methoxychlor is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This organic chemical is used as a pesticide. When soil and

climatic conditions are favorable, methoxychlor may get into

drinking water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into

groundwater. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver,

kidney, nervous system, and reproductive system of laboratory

animals such as rats exposed at high levels during their

lifetimes. It has also been shown to produce growth retardation

in rats. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for

methoxychlor at 0.04 parts per million (ppm) to protect against

the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that

meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of

this risk and is considered safe with respect to methoxychlor.

44)

Monochlorobenzene. The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined

that monochlorobenzene is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. This organic chemical is used as a solvent. It

generally gets into water by improper waste disposal. This

chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney and nervous

system of laboratory animals such as rats and mice exposed to high

levels during their lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set the drinking

water standard for monochlorobenzene at 0.1 parts per million

(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.

Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated

with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with

respect to monochlorobenzene.

45)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has

determined that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a health

143

concern at certain levels of exposure. These organic chemicals

were once widely used in electrical transformers and other

industrial equipment. They generally get into drinking water by

improper waste disposal or leaking electrical industrial

equipment. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in

laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are

exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause

cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer

in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has

set the drinking water standard for PCBs at 0.0005 parts per

million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health

effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking

water that meets this standard is associated with little to none

of this risk and is considered safe with respect to PCBs.

46)

Pentachlorophenol. The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined

that pentachlorophenol is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. This organic chemical is widely used as a wood

preservative, herbicide, disinfectant, and defoliant. It

generally gets into drinking water by runoff into surface water or

leaching into groundwater. This chemical has been shown to

produce adverse reproductive effects and to damage the liver and

kidneys of laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the

animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Some

humans who were exposed to relatively large amounts of this

chemical also suffered damage to the liver and kidneys. This

chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such

as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over

their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory

animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are

exposed over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the drinking

water standard for pentachlorophenol at 0.001 parts per million

(ppm) to reduce the risk of adverse health effects. Drinking

water that meets this standard is associated with little to none

of this risk and is considered safe with respect to pentachloro-

phenol.

47)

Styrene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that styrene

is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic

chemical is commonly used to make plastics and is sometimes a

component of resins used for drinking water treatment. Styrene

may get into drinking water from improper waste disposal. This

chemical has been shown to damage the liver and nervous system in

laboratory animals when exposed at high levels during their

lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for

styrene at 0.1 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk

of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the

U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and is considered safe with respect to styrene.

144

48)

Tetrachloroethylene. The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined

that tetrachloroethylene is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. This organic chemical has been a popular solvent,

particularly for dry cleaning. It generally gets into drinking

water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to

cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the

animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals

that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk

of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of time.

U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for

tetrachloroethylene at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the

risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have been

observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets this

standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to tetrachloroethylene.

49)

Toluene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that toluene

is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic

chemical is used as a solvent and in the manufacture of gasoline

for airplanes. It generally gets into water by improper waste

disposal or leaking underground storage tanks. This chemical has

been shown to damage the kidney, nervous system, and circulatory

system of laboratory animals such as rats and mice exposed to high

levels during their lifetimes. Some industrial workers who were

exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical during

working careers also suffered damage to the liver, kidney and

nervous system. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for

toluene at 1 part per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of

these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S.

EPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to toluene.

50)

Toxaphene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency

(U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that

toxaphene is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This

organic chemical was once a pesticide widely used on cotton, corn,

soybeans, pineapples and other crops. When soil and climatic

conditions are favorable, toxaphene may get into drinking water by

runoff into surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This

chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such

as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over

their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals

also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed

over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water

standard for toxaphene at 0.003 parts per million (ppm) to reduce

the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have been

observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets this

145

standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to toxaphene.

51)

2,4,5-TP. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that

2,4,5-TP is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This

organic chemical is used as a herbicide. When soil and climatic

conditions are favorable, 2,4,5-TP may get into drinking water by

runoff into surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This

chemical has been shown to damage the liver and kidney of

laboratory animals such as rats and dogs exposed to high levels

during their lifetimes. Some industrial workers who were exposed

to relatively large amounts of this chemical during working

careers also suffered damage to the nervous system. U.S. EPA has

set the drinking water standard for 2,4,5-TP at 0.05 parts per

million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health

effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is

associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe

with respect to 2,4,5-TP.

52)

Xylenes. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that xylene

is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic

chemical is used in the manufacture of gasoline for airplanes and

as a solvent for pesticides, and as a cleaner and degreaser of

metals. It usually gets into water by improper waste disposal.

This chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney and

nervous system of laboratory animals such as rats and dogs exposed

to high levels during their lifetimes. Some humans who were

exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical also suffered

damage to the nervous system. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water

standard for xylene at 10 parts per million (ppm) to protect

against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water

that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none

of this risk and is considered safe with respect to xylene.

53)

Antimony. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that

antimony is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This

inorganic chemical occurs naturally in soils, ground water, and

surface water and is often used in the flame retardant industry.

It is also used in ceramics and glass, batteries, fireworks, and

explosives. It may get into drinking water through natural

weathering of rock, industrial production, municipal waste

disposal, or manufacturing processes. This chemical has been

shown to decrease longevity, and altered blood levels of

cholesterol and glucose in laboratory animals such as rats exposed

to high levels during their lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set the

drinking water standard for antimony at 0.006 parts per million

(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.

Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated

146

with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with

respect to antimony.

54)

Beryllium. The United States Environmental Protection Agency

(U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that

beryllium is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This

inorganic chemical occurs naturally in soils, ground water, and

surface water and is often used in electrical equipment and

electrical components. It generally gets into water from runoff

from mining operations, discharge from processing plants, and

improper waste disposal. Beryllium compounds have been associated

with damage to the bones and lungs and induction of cancer in

laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are

exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. There is limited

evidence to suggest that beryllium may pose a cancer risk via

drinking water exposure. Therefore, U.S. EPA based the health

assessment on noncancer effects with and extra uncertainty factor

to account for possible carcinogenicity. Chemicals that cause

cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer

in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has

set the drinking water standard for beryllium at 0.004 parts per

million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health

effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is

associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe

with respect to beryllium.

55)

Cyanide. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that cyanide

is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This inorganic

chemical is used in electroplating, steel processing, plastics,

synthetic fabrics, and fertilizer products. It usually gets into

water as a result of improper waste disposal. This chemical has

been shown to damage the spleen, brain, and liver of humans

fatally poisoned with cyanide. U.S. EPA has set the drinking

water standard for cyanide at 0.2 parts per million (ppm) to

protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.

Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with

little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to

cyanide.

56)

Nickel. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that nickel

is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This inorganic

chemical occurs naturally in soils, ground water, and surface

water and is often used in electroplating, stainless steel, and

alloy products. It generally gets into water from mining and

refining operations. This chemical has been shown to damage the

heart and liver in laboratory animals when the animals are exposed

to high levels over their lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set the

drinking water standard at 0.1 parts per million (ppm) for nickel

to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.

147

Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with

little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to

nickel.This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.32(e)(56)

marked "reserved" by USEPA. This statement maintains structural

consistency with USEPA rules.

57)

Thallium. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that

thallium is a health concern at certain high levels of exposure.

This inorganic chemical occurs naturally in soils, ground water,

and surface water and is used in electronics, pharmaceuticals, and

the manufacture of glass and alloys. This chemical has been shown

to damage the kidney, liver, brain, and intestines of laboratory

animals when the animals are exposed to high levels during their

lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for

thallium at 0.002 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the

risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets

the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of this

risk and is considered safe with respect to thallium.

58)

Benzo(a)pyrene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency

(U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that

benzo(a)pyrene is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

Cigarette smoke and charbroiled meats are common sources of

general exposure. The major source of benzo(a)pyrene in drinking

water is the leaching from coal tar lining and sealants in water

storage tanks. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in

animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high

levels. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for benzo-

(a)pyrene at 0.0002 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the

risk of cancer. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard

is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered

safe with respect to benzo(a)pyrene.

59)

Dalapon. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that dalapon

is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic

chemical is a widely used herbicide. It may get into drinking

water after application to control grasses in crops, drainage

ditches, and along railroads. This chemical has been associated

with damage to the kidney and liver in laboratory animals when the

animals are exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. U.S.

EPA has set the drinking water standard for dalapon at 0.2 parts

per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse

health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard

is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered

safe with respect to dalapon.

60)

Dichloromethane. The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined

that dichloromethane (methylene chloride) is a health concern at

148

certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is a widely

used solvent. It is used in the manufacture of paint remover, as

a metal degreaser, and as an aerosol propellant. It generally

gets into water after improper discharge of waste disposal. This

chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such

as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high levels

during their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory

animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are

exposed over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the drinking

water standard for dichloromethane at 0.005 parts per million

(ppm) to protect against the risk of cancer or other adverse

health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard

is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered

safe with respect to dichloromethane.

61)

Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate. The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has

determined that di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure. Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate is a widely

used plasticizer in a variety of products, including synthetic

rubber, food packaging materials, and cosmetics. It may get into

drinking water after improper waste disposal. This chemical has

been shown to damage the liver and testes in laboratory animals

such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high levels.

U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for di(2-ethyl-

hexyl)adipate at 0.4 parts per million (ppm) to protect against

the risk of adverse health effects that have been observed in

laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA

standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate.

62)

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has

determined that di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate is a widely

used plasticizer, which is primarily used in the production of

polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resins. It may get into drinking water

after improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to

cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the

animals are exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. U.S.

EPA has set the drinking water standard for di(2-ethylhexyl)-

phthalate at 0.006 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the

risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have been

abserved in laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets the

U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and is considered safe with respect to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.

63)

Dinoseb. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that dinoseb

is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. Dinoseb is a

widely used pesticide and generally gets into water after

149

application on orchards, vineyards, and other crops. This

chemical has been shown to damage the thyroid and reproductive

organs in laboratory animals such as rats exposed to high levels.

U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for dinoseb at 0.007

parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these

adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA

standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to dinoseb.

64)

Diquat. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that diquat

is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic

chemical is a herbicide used to control terrestrial and aquatic

weeds. It may get into drinking water by runoff into surface

water. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney,

and gastrointestinal tract and causes cataract formation in

laboratory animals such as dogs and rats exposed at high levels

over their lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water

standard for diquat at 0.02 parts per million (ppm) to protect

against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water

that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none

of this risk and is considered safe with respect to diquat.

65)

Endothall. The United States Environmental Protection Agency

(U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that

endothall is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This

organic chemical is a herbicide used to control terrestrial and

aquatic weeds. It may get into drinking water by runoff into

surface water. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver,

kidney, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive system of

laboratory animals such as rats and mice exposed at high levels

over their lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water

standard for endothall at 0.1 parts per million (ppm) to protect

against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water

that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none

of this risk and is considered safe with respect to endothall.

66)

Endrin. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that endrin

is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic

chemical is a pesticide no longer registered for use in the United

States. However, this pesticide is persistent in treated soils

and accumulates in sediments and aquatic and terrestrial biota.

This chemical has been shown to cause damage to the liver, kidney,

and heart in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the

animals are exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. U.S.

EPA has set the drinking water standard for endrin at 0.002 parts

per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse

health effects that have been observed in laboratory animals.

Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with

150

little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to

endrin.

67)

Glyphosate. The United States Environmental Protection Agency

(U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that

glyphosate is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This organic chemical is a herbicide used to control grasses and

weeds. It may get into drinking water by runoff into surface

water. This chemical has been shown to cause damage to the liver

and kidneys in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the

animals are exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. U.S.

EPA has set the drinking water standard for glyphosate at 0.7

parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these

adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA

standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to glyphosate.

68)

Hexachlorobenzene. The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined

that hexachlorobenzene is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. This organic chemical is produced as an impurity in the

manufacture of certain solvents and pesticides. This chemical has

been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and

mice when the animals are exposed to high levels during their

lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also

may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over

long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water

standard for hexachlorobenzene at 0.001 parts per million (ppm) to

protect against the risk of cancer and other adverse health

effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is

associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe

with respect to hexachlorobenzene.

69)

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene. The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has

determined that hexachlorocyclopentadiene is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is a used as an

intermediate in the manufacture of pesticides and flame

retardants. It may get into water by discharge from production

facilities. This chemical has been shown to damage the kidney and

the stomach of laboratory animals when exposed to high levels

during their lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water

standard for hexachlorocyclopentadiene at 0.05 parts per million

(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.

Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated

with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with

respect to hexachlorocyclopentadiene.

70)

Oxamyl. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that oxamyl

is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic

151

chemical is used as a pesticide for the control of insects and

other pests. It may get into drinking water by runoff into

surface water or leaching into ground water. This chemical has

been shown to damage the kidneys of laboratory animals such as

rats when exposed at high levels during their lifetimes. U.S. EPA

has set the drinking water standard for oxamyl at 0.2 parts per

million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health

effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is

associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe

with respect to oxamyl.

71)

Picloram. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that

picloram is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This

organic chemical is used as a pesticide for broadleaf weed

control. It may get into drinking water by runoff into surface

water or leaching into groundwater as a result of pesticide

application and improper waste disposal. This chemical has been

shown to cause damage to the kidneys and liver in laboratory

animals such as rats when the animals are exposed to high levels

during their lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water

standard for picloram at 0.5 parts per million (ppm) to protect

against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water

that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none

of this risk and is considered safe with respect to picloram.

72)

Simazine. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that

simazine is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This

organic chemical is a herbicide used to control annual grasses and

broadleaf weeds. It may leach into groundwater or run off into

surface water after application. This chemical may cause cancer

in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are

exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. Chemicals that

cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of

cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. U.S.

EPA has set the drinking water standard for simazine at 0.004

parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or adverse

health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard

is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered

safe with respect to simazine.

73)

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene. The United States Environmental

Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has

determined that 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used as a

dye carrier and as a precursor in herbicide manufacture. It

generally gets into drinking water by discharges from industrial

activities. This chemical has been shown to cause damage to

several organs, including the adrenal glands. U.S. EPA has set

the drinking water standard for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at 0.07

152

parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these

adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA

standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene.

74)

1,1,2-Trichloroethane. The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined

that 1,1,2-trichloroethane is a health concern at certain levels

of exposure. This organic chemical is an intermediate in the

production of 1,1-dichloroethylene. It generally gets into water

by industrial discharge of wastes. This chemical has been shown

to damage the kidney and liver of laboratory animals such as rats

exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set

the drinking water standard for 1,1,2-trichloroethane at 0.005

parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these

adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA

standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to 1,1,2-trichloroethane.

75)

2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin). The United States Environmental Protection

Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined

that dioxin is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This organic chemical is an impurity in the production of some

pesticides. It may get into drinking water by industrial

discharge of wastes. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer

in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are

exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. Chemicals that

cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of

cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. U.S.

EPA has set the drinking water standard for dioxin at 0.00000003

parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of cancer or

other adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S.

EPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to dioxin.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(e) (19945).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.Appendix B

Percent Inactivation of G. Lamblia Cysts

TABLE 1.1

CT-99.9 FOR 99.9 PERCENT INACTIVATION OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA CYSTS

BY FREE CHLORINE AT 0.5 DEGREES C OR LOWER

These CT values achieve greater than a 99.99 percent inactivation of viruses.

CT values between the indicated pH values may be determined by linear

interpolation. CT values between the indicated temperatures of different

tables may be determined by linear interpolation. If no interpolation is

used, use the CT 99.9 value at the lower temperature and at the higher pH.

153

Free Residual

(mg/L) <=

≤

6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.5 <=

≥

9.0

≤

0.41

137

163

195

237

277

329

390

0.6

141

168

200

239

286

342

407

0.8

145

172

205

246

295

354

422

1.0

148

176

210

253

304

365

437

1.2

152

180

215

259

313 2376

451

1.4

155

184

221

266

321

387

464

1.6

157

189

226

273

329

397

477

1.8

162

193

231

279

338

407

489

2.0

165

197

236

286

346

417

500

2.2

169

201

242

297

353

426

511

2.4

172

205

247

2968

361

435

522

2.6

175

209

252

304

368

444

533

2.8

178

213

257

310

375

452

543

3.0

181

217

261

316

382

460

552

TABLE 1.2

CT-99.9 FOR 99.9 PERCENT INACTIVATION OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA CYSTS

BY FREE CHLORINE AT 5.0 DEGREES C

These CT values achieve greater than a 99.99 percent inctivation of viruses.

CT values between the indicated pH values may be determined by linear

interpolation. CT values between the indicated temperatures of different

tables may be determined by linear interpolation. If no interpolation is

used, use the CT 99.9 value at the lower temperature and at the higher pH.

Free Residual

(mg/L) <=

≤

6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.5 <=

≥

9.0

≤

0.4

117

139

166

198

236

279

0.6

100

120

143

171

204

244

291

0.8

103

122

146

175

210

252

301

1.0

105

125

149

179

216

260

312

1.2

107

127

152

183

221

267

320

1.4

109

130

155

187

227

274

329

1.6

111

132

158

192

232

281

337

1.8

114

135

162

196

238

287

345

2.0

116

138

165

200

243

294

353

2.2

118

140

169

204

248

300

361

2.4

120

143

172

209

253

306

368

2.6

122

146

175

213

258

312

375

2.8

124

148

178

217

263

318

382

3.0

126

151

182

221

268

324

369

TABLE 1.3

CT-99.9 FOR 99.9 PERCENT INACTIVATION OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA CYSTS

BY FREE CHLORINE AT 10.0 DEGREES C

154

These CT values achieve greater than a 99.99 percent inactivation of viruses.

CT values between the indicated pH values may be determined by linear

interpolation. CT values between the indicated temperatures of different

tables may be determined by linear interpolation. If no interpolation is

used, use the CT 99.9 value at the lower temperature and at the higher pH.

Free Residual

(mg/L) <=

≤

6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.5 <=

≥

9.0

≤

0.4

104

125

149

177

209

0.6

107

128

153

183

2108

0.8

110

131

158

189

2206

1.0

112

134

162

195

234

1.2

114

137

166

200

240

1.4

116

140

170

206

247

1.6

119

144

174

211

253

1.8

101

122

147

179

215

259

2.0

104

124

150

182

221

265

2.2

105

127

153

186

225

271

2.4

107

129

157

190

230

276

2.6

110

131

160

194

234

281

2.8

111

134

163

197

239

287

3.0

113

137

166

201

243

292

TABLE 1.4

CT-99.9 FOR 99.9 PERCENT INACTIVATION OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA CYSTS

BY FREE CHLORINE AT 15.0 DEGREES C

These CT values achieve greater than a 99.99 percent inactivation of viruses.

CT values between the indicated pH values may be determined by linear

interpolation. CT values between the indicated temperatures of different

tables may be determined by linear interpolation. If no interpolation is

used, use the CT 99.9 value at the lower temperature and at the higher pH.

Free Residual

(mg/L) <=

≤

6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.5 <=

≥

9.0

≤

0.4

118

140

0.6

102

122

146

0.8

105

126

151

1.0

108

130

156

1.2

111

134

160

1.4

114

137

165

1.6

116

141

169

1.8

968

119

144

173

2.0

100

122

147

177

2.2

102

124

150

181

2.4

105

127

153

184

2.6

107

129

156

188

2.8

109

132

159

191

3.0

111

134

162

195

155

TABLE 1.5

CT-99.9 FOR 99.9 PERCENT INACTIVATION OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA CYSTS

BY FREE CHLORINE AT 20 DEGREES C

These CT values achieve greater than a 99.99 percent inactivation of viruses.

CT values between the indicated pH values may be determined by linear

interpolation. CT values between the indicated temperatures of different

tables may be determined by linear interpolation. If no interpolation is

used, use the CT 99.9 value at the lower temperature and at the higher pH.

Free Residual

(mg/L) <=

≤

6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.5 <=

≥

9.0

≤

0.4

105

0.6

109

0.8

113

1.0

117

1.2

100

120

1.4

103

123

1.6

105

126

1.8

108

129

2.0

110

132

2.2

113

135

2.4

115

138

2.6

117

141

2.8

119

143

3.0

101

122

146

TABLE 1.6

CT-99.9 FOR 99.9 PERCENT INACTIVATION OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA CYSTS

BY FREE CHLORINE AT 25 DEGREES C AND HIGHER

These CT values achieve greater than a 99.99 percent inactivation of viruses.

CT values between the indicated pH values may be determined by linear

interpolation. CT values between the indicated temperatures of different

tables may be determined by linear interpolation. If no interpolation is

used, use the CT 99.9 value at the lower temperature and at the higher pH.

Free Residual

(mg/L) <=

≤

6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.5 <=

≥

9.0

≤

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

156

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

TABLE 2.1

CT-99.9 FOR 99.9 PERCENT INACTIVATION OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA CYSTS

BY CHLORINE DIOXIDE AND OZONE

These CT values achieve greater than a 99.99 percent inactivation of viruses.

CT values between the indicated pH values may be determined by linear

interpolation. If no interpolation is used, use the CT

99.9

value at the lower

temperature for determining CT

99.9

values between indicated temperatures.

≤

C >25

Chlorine dioxide

63.

26.

23.

19.

15.

11.

Ozone

2.9

1.9

1.4

0.95

0.72

0.48

TABLE 3.1

CT-99.9 FOR 99.9 PERCENT INACTIVATION OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA CYSTS

BY CHLORAMINES

These values are for pH values of 6 to 9. These CT values may be assumed to

achieve greater than a 99.99 percent inactivation of viruses only if chlorine

is added and mixed in the water prior to the addition of ammonia. If this

condition is not met, the system must demonstrate, based on on-site studies or

other information, as approved by the Agency, that the system is achieving at

least a 99.99 percent inactivation of viruses. CT values between the

indicated temperatures may be determined by linear interpolation. If no

interpolation is used, use the CT

99.9

value at the lower temperature for

determining CT

99.9

values between indicated temperatures.

≤

C >

≥

Chloramines

3800.

2200.

1850.

1500.

1100.

750.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.74(b) Tables, as adopted at 54 Fed. Reg.

27526, June 29, 1989 1.1 through 3.1 (1995).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.Table F

Number of Water Quality Parameter Sampling Sites

System Size

Number of Sites

(Persons Served)

(Standard Monitoring)

(Reduced Monitoring)

more than 100,000

10,001 to 100,000

3,301 to 10,000

157

501 to 3,300

101 to 500

100 or fewer

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.87(a)(2) and (e) (1992).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

I, Dorothy M. Gunn, Clerk of the Illinois Pollution Control Board, hereby certify that the above

proposed opinion and order was adopted on the _____ day of ______________, 1996, by a vote of

__________________________________________

Dorothy M. Gunn, Clerk

Illinois Pollution Control Board