ILLINOIS POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
September 23, 1999
IN THE MATTER OF:
)
)
SDWA UPDATE, Amendments to
)
R00-8
35 Ill. Adm. Code 611.102, Definition of
)
(Identical-in-Substance Rulemaking
-
“Public Water Supply”
)
Public Water Supplies)
Proposed Rule . Proposal for Public Comment .
OPINION AND ORDER OF THE BOARD (by R.C. Flemal):
Under Section 17.5 of the Environmental Protection Act (Act) (415 ILCS 5/17.5 (1998)), the Board proposes
amendments to the Illinois regulations that are “identical in substance” to National Primary Drinking Water
regulations ( NPDWRs) adopted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). These regulations
implement sections 1412(b), 1414(c), 1417(a), and 1445(a) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), 42 U.S.C §§
300g-
1(b), 300g-3(c), 300g-6(a) & 300j-4(a).
Section 17.5 provides for quick adoption of regulations that are “identical in substance” to federal
regulations that USEPA adopts to implement Sections 1412(b), 1414(c), 1417(a), and 1445(a) of SDWA. Section 17.5
also provides that Title VII of the Act and Section 5 of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) (5 ILCS 100/5-35 &
5-40 (1996)) do not apply to the Board’s adoption of identical-in-substance regulations. The federal SDWA
regulations are found at 40 C.F.R. §§ 141 and 142.
In the present action, the Board is correcting a discrepancy found in the amendments adopted in
In the
Matter of: SDWA Update, USEPA Regulations (January 1, 1998, through June 30, 1998) (February 4, 1999), R99-6.
The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) brought the discrepancy to the Board’s attention. In public
comment number one (PC 1), described below, the IEPA has requested that the Board make the necessary
correction as soon as possible, in order to facilitate state primacy review of the amended text by USEPA.
USEPA amended the 40 C.F.R. 141.2 definition of “public water system” on April 28, 1998, at 63 Fed. Reg.
23362, 23366 (April 28, 1999). USEPA changed a segment of the definition that formerly read “a system for the
provision of piped water to the public for human consumption .
. .” to read “a system for the provision to the
public of water for human consumption through pipes or, after August 5, 1998, other constructed conveyances . . ..”
The definition of “public water system” at 35 Ill. Adm. Code 611.101 is the Illinois counterpart to the amended
federal definition. This state definition is intended to be identical in substance to the corresponding federal
definition.
In In the Matter of: SDWA Update, USEPA Regulations (January 1, 1998, through June 30, 1998) (February
4, 1999), R99-6, the Board sought to incorporate the federal amendments of April 28, 1998, using the identical in
substance procedure of Sections 7.2 and 17.5 of the Act. The Board added the language relating to “other
constructed conveyances,” dropping the past effective date, August 5, 1998. In incorporating the federal text into
the Illinois rules, however, we neglected to remove the word “piped” and add the words “through pipes” in the
appropriate place.
In response to the request of the IEPA in PC 1, and to enhance the clarity of the regulatory text, the Board
proposes amending the definition of “public water system.” The language the Board proposes using the “through
pipes” language of the corresponding federal definition. The Board also proposes responding to a second IEPA
request with a second clarifying amendment to this definition; we propose adding to the Board note appended to
the definition of “public water system” a statement that this term is synonymous to “public water supply,” which
is also used in the regulations.
2
PUBLIC COMMENTS
The Board will receive public comments on this proposal for a period of 45 days following its publication
in the
Illinois Register
. After that time, the Board will immediately consider adoption of the amendments,
making any necessary changes made evident through the public comments. The Board will file any adopted rules
with the Secretary of State immediately after adoption, so they may become effective as soon as possible. The
complete text of the proposed amendments appears in the order segment of this opinion and order.
The Board initiated this proceeding based on a request submitted by the IEPA. The IEPA requested that
the Board make the correction to the definition of “public water system” described above. The IEPA also requested
that the Board add clarification to the Board note appended to that definition that the term “public water supply”
means the same as “public water system.”
The public comment received to date in this matter is the following:
PC 1
Lou Allyn Byus, Assistant Manager—Field Operations, IEPA Bureau of Water, Division of Public
Water Supplies (September 10, 1999 letter)
ORDER
The complete text of the proposed amendments follows:
TITLE 35: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
SUBTITLE F: PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES
CHAPTER I: POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
PART 611
PRIMARY DRINKING WATER STANDARDS
SUBPART A: GENERAL
Section
611.100
Purpose, Scope and Applicability
611.101
Definitions
611.102
Incorporations by Reference
611.103
Severability
611.107
Agency Inspection of PWS Facilities
611.108
Delegation to Local Government
611.109
Enforcement
611.110
Special Exception Permits
611.111
Relief Equivalent to SDWA Section 1415(a) Variances
611.112
Relief Equivalent to SDWA Section 1416 Exemptions
611.113
Alternative Treatment Techniques
611.114
Siting requirements
611.115
Source Water Quantity
611.120
Effective dates
611.121
Maximum Contaminant Levels and Finished Water Quality
611.125
Fluoridation Requirement
611.126
Prohibition on Use of Lead
611.130
Special Requirements for Certain Variances and Adjusted Standards
611.131
Relief Equivalent to SDWA Section 1415(e) Small System Variance
611.160
Composite Correction Program
SUBPART B: FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION
3
Section
611.201
Requiring a Demonstration
611.202
Procedures for Agency Determinations
611.211
Filtration Required
611.212
Groundwater under Direct Influence of Surface Water
611.213
No Method of HPC Analysis
611.220
General Requirements
611.230
Filtration Effective Dates
611.231
Source Water Quality Conditions
611.232
Site-specific Conditions
611.233
Treatment Technique Violations
611.240
Disinfection
611.241
Unfiltered PWSs
611.242
Filtered PWSs
611.250
Filtration
611.261
Unfiltered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping
611.262
Filtered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping
611.271
Protection during Repair Work
611.272
Disinfection following Repair
SUBPART C: USE OF NON-CENTRALIZED TREATMENT DEVICES
Section
611.280
Point-of-Entry Devices
611.290
Use of Point-of-Use Devices or Bottled Water
SUBPART D: TREATMENT TECHNIQUES
Section
611.295
General Requirements
611.296
Acrylamide and Epichlorohydrin
611.297
Corrosion Control
SUBPART F: MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS (MCLs) AND MAXIMUM RESIDUAL
DISINFECTANT LEVELS (MRDLs)
Section
611.300
Old MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals
611.301
Revised MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals
611.310
Old Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for Organic Chemicals
611.311
Revised MCLs for Organic Contaminants
611.312
Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs)
611.313
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Levels (MRDLs)
611.320
Turbidity
611.325
Microbiological Contaminants
611.330
Radium and Gross Alpha Particle Activity
611.331
Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity
SUBPART G: LEAD AND COPPER
Section
611.350
General Requirements
611.351
Applicability of Corrosion Control
611.352
Corrosion Control Treatment
611.353
Source Water Treatment
611.354
Lead Service Line Replacement
611.355
Public Education and Supplemental Monitoring
611.356
Tap Water Monitoring for Lead and Copper
4
611.357
Monitoring for Water Quality Parameters
611.358
Monitoring for Lead and Copper in Source Water
611.359
Analytical Methods
611.360
Reporting
611.361
Recordkeeping
SUBPART I: DISINFECTANT RESIDUALS, DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS, AND DISINFECTION
BYPRODUCT PRECURSORS
Section
611.380
General Requirements
611.381
Analytical Requirements
611.382
Monitoring Requirements
611.383
Compliance Requirements
611.384
Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements
611.385
Treatment Technique for Control of Disinfection Byproduct (DBP) Precursors
SUBPART K: GENERAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.480
Alternative Analytical Techniques
611.490
Certified Laboratories
611.491
Laboratory Testing Equipment
611.500
Consecutive PWSs
611.510
Special Monitoring for Unregulated Contaminants
SUBPART L: MICROBIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.521
Routine Coliform Monitoring
611.522
Repeat Coliform Monitoring
611.523
Invalidation of Total Coliform Samples
611.524
Sanitary Surveys
611.525
Fecal Coliform and E. Coli Testing
611.526
Analytical Methodology
611.527
Response to Violation
611.531
Analytical Requirements
611.532
Unfiltered PWSs
611.533
Filtered PWSs
SUBPART M: TURBIDITY MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.560
Turbidity
SUBPART N: INORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.591
Violation of State MCL
611.592
Frequency of State Monitoring
611.600
Applicability
611.601
Monitoring Frequency
611.602
Asbestos Monitoring Frequency
611.603
Inorganic Monitoring Frequency
611.604
Nitrate Monitoring
611.605
Nitrite Monitoring
611.606
Confirmation Samples
611.607
More Frequent Monitoring and Confirmation Sampling
611.608
Additional Optional Monitoring
5
611.609
Determining Compliance
611.610
Inorganic Monitoring Times
611.611
Inorganic Analysis
611.612
Monitoring Requirements for Old Inorganic MCLs
611.630
Special Monitoring for Sodium
611.631
Special Monitoring for Inorganic Chemicals
SUBPART O: ORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.640
Definitions
611.641
Old MCLs
611.645
Analytical Methods for Organic Chemical Contaminants
611.646
Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V Volatile Organic Contaminants
611.647
Sampling for Phase I Volatile Organic Contaminants (Repealed)
611.648
Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V Synthetic Organic Contaminants
611.650
Monitoring for 36 Contaminants (Repealed)
611.657
Analytical Methods for 36 Contaminants (Repealed)
611.658
Special Monitoring for Organic Chemicals
SUBPART P: THM MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.680
Sampling, Analytical and other Requirements
611.683
Reduced Monitoring Frequency
611.684
Averaging
611.685
Analytical Methods
611.686
Modification to System
611.687
Sampling for THM Potential
611.688
Applicability Dates
SUBPART Q: RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.720
Analytical Methods
611.731
Gross Alpha
611.732
Manmade Radioactivity
SUBPART R ENHANCED FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION
Section
611.740
General Requirements
611.741
Standards for Avoiding Filtration
611.742
Disinfection Profiling and
Benchmarking
611.743
Filtration
611.744
Filtration Sampling Requirements
611.745
Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements
SUBPART T: REPORTING, PUBLIC NOTIFICATION AND RECORDKEEPING
Section
611.830
Applicability
611.831
Monthly Operating Report
611.832
Notice by Agency
611.833
Cross Connection Reporting
611.840
Reporting
611.851
Reporting MCL, MRDL, and other Violations
611.852
Reporting other Violations
611.853
Notice to New Billing Units
6
611.854
General Content of Public Notice
611.855
Mandatory Health Effects Language
611.856
Fluoride Notice
611.858
Fluoride Secondary Standard
611.860
Record Maintenance
611.870
List of 36 Contaminants
SUBPART U: CONSUMER CONFIDENCE REPORTS
Section
611.881
Purpose and Applicability of this Subpart
611.882
Compliance Dates
611.883
Content of the Reports
611.884
Required Additional Health Information
611.885
Report Delivery and Recordkeeping
611.Appendix A
Mandatory Health Effects Information
611.Appendix B
Percent Inactivation of G. Lamblia Cysts
611.Appendix C
Common Names of Organic Chemicals
611.Appendix D
Defined Substrate Method for the Simultaneous Detection of Total Coliforms and
Eschericia Coli from Drinking Water
611.Appendix E
Mandatory Lead Public Education Information
611.Appendix F
Converting Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) Compliance Values for Consumer
Confidence Reports
611.Appendix G
Regulated Contaminants
611.Appendix H
Health Effects Language
611.Table A
Total Coliform Monitoring Frequency
611.Table B
Fecal or Total Coliform Density Measurements
611.Table C
Frequency of RDC Measurement
611.Table D
Number of Lead and Copper Monitoring Sites
611.Table E
Lead and Copper Monitoring Start Dates
611.Table F
Number of Water Quality Parameter Sampling Sites
611.Table G
Summary of Monitoring Requirements for Water Quality Parameters
1
611.Table Z
Federal Effective Dates
AUTHORITY: Implementing Sections 17 and 17.5 and authorized by Section 27 of the Environmental Protection
Act [415 ILCS 5/17, 17.5, and 27].
SOURCE: Adopted in R88-26 at 14 Ill. Reg. 16517, effective September 20, 1990; amended in R90-21 at 14 Ill. Reg.
20448, effective December 11, 1990; amended in R90-13 at 15 Ill. Reg. 1562, effective January 22, 1991; amended in
R91-3 at 16 Ill. Reg. 19010, effective December 1, 1992; amended in R92-3 at 17 Ill. Reg. 7796, effective May 18, 1993;
amended in R93-1 at 17 Ill. Reg. 12650, effective July 23, 1993; amended in R94-4 at 18 Ill. Reg. 12291, effective July
28, 1994; amended in R94-23 at 19 Ill. Reg. 8613, effective June 20, 1995; amended in R95-17 at 20 Ill. Reg. 14493,
effective October 22, 1996; amended in R98-2 at 22 Ill. Reg. 5020, effective March 5, 1998; amended in R99-6 at 23 Ill.
Reg. 2756, effective February 17, 1999; amended in R99-12 at 23 Ill. Reg. 10348, effective August 11, 1999 ; amended
in R00-8 at 23 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________ .
SUBPART A: GENERAL
Section 611.101
Definitions
As used in this Part, the term:
“Act” means the Environmental Protection Act [415 ILCS 5].
7
“Agency” means the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency.
BOARD NOTE: The Department of Public Health (“Public Health”) regulates non-community
water supplies (“non-CWSs”, including non-transient, non-community water supplies
(“NTNCWSs”) and transient non-community water supplies (“transient non-CWSs”)). For the
purposes of regulation of supplies by Public Health by reference to this Part, “Agency” shall
mean Public Health.
“Ai” means “inactivation ratio”.
“Approved source of bottled water”, for the purposes of Section 611.130(e)(4), means a source of
water and the water therefrom, whether it be from a spring, artesian well, drilled well, municipal
water supply, or any other source, that has been inspected and the water sampled, analyzed, and
found to be a safe and sanitary quality according to applicable laws and regulations of State and
local government agencies having jurisdiction, as evidenced by the presence in the plant of
current certificates or notations of approval from each government agency or agencies having
jurisdiction over the source, the water it bottles, and the distribution of the water in commerce.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.62(g)(2) and 21 CFR 129.3(a) (1998). The Board cannot
compile an exhaustive listing of all federal, state, and local laws to which bottled water and
bottling water may be subjected. However, the statutes and regulations of which the Board is
aware are the following: the Illinois Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act [410 ILCS 620], the Bottled
Water Act [815 ILCS 310], the DPH Water Well Construction Code (77 Ill. Adm. Code 920), the
DPH Water Well Pump Installation Code (77 Ill. Adm. Code 925), the federal bottled water
quality standards (21 CFR 103.35), the federal drinking water processing and bottling standards
(21 CFR 129), the federal Good Manufacturing Practices for human foods (21 CFR 110), the federal
Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (15 USC 1451 et seq.), and the federal Fair Packaging and
Labeling regulations (21 CFR 201).
“Best available technology” or “BAT” means the best technology, treatment techniques or other
means that USEPA has found are available for the contaminant in question. BAT is specified in
Subpart F of this Part.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Board” means the Illinois Pollution Control Board.
“CAS No” means “Chemical Abstracts Services Number”.
“CT” or “CT
calc
” is the product of “residual disinfectant concentration” (RDC or C) in mg/L
determined before or at the first customer, and the corresponding “disinfectant contact time” (T)
in minutes. If a supplier applies disinfectants at more than one point prior to the first customer,
it shall determine the CT of each disinfectant sequence before or at the first customer to
determine the total percent inactivation or “total inactivation ratio”. In determining the total
inactivation ratio, the supplier shall determine the RDC of each disinfection sequence and
corresponding contact time before any subsequent disinfection application point(s). (See
“CT
99.9
”.)
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“CT
99.9
” is the CT value required for 99.9 percent (3-log) inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts.
CT
99.9
for a variety of disinfectants and conditions appear in Tables 1.1-1.6, 2.1 and 3.1 of Section
611.Appendix B. (See “Inactivation Ratio”.)
BOARD NOTE: Derived from the definition of “CT” in 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Coagulation” means a process using coagulant chemicals and mixing by which colloidal and
suspended materials are destabilized and agglomerated into flocs.
8
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Community Water System” or “CWS” means a public water system (PWS) that serves at least 15
service connections used by year-round residents or regularly serves at least 25 year-round
residents.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998). This definition differs slightly from that of
Section 3.05 of the Act.
“Compliance cycle” means the nine-year calendar year cycle during which public water systems
(PWSs) must monitor. Each compliance cycle consists of three three-year compliance periods.
The first calendar cycle begins January 1, 1993, and ends December 31, 2001; the second begins
January 1, 2002, and ends December 31, 2010; the third begins January 1, 2011, and ends December
31, 2019.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Compliance period” means a three-year calendar year period within a compliance cycle. Each
compliance cycle has three three-year compliance periods. Within the first compliance cycle, the
first compliance period runs from January 1, 1993, to December 31, 1995; the second from January
1, 1996, to December 31, 1998; the third from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2001.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Comprehensive performance evaluation” or “CPE” is a thorough review and analysis of a
treatment plant’s performance -based capabilities and associated administrative, operation, and
maintenance practices. It is conducted to identify factors that may be adversely impacting a
plant’s capability to achieve compliance and emphasizes approaches that can be implemented
without significant capital improvements.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Confluent growth” means a continuous bacterial growth covering the entire filtration area of a
membrane filter or a portion thereof, in which bacterial colonies are not discrete.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Contaminant” means any physical, chemical, biological or radiological substance or matter in
water.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Conventional filtration treatment” means a series of processes including coagulation,
flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration resulting in substantial particulate removal.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Diatomaceous earth filtration” means a process resulting in substantial particulate removal in
which:
A precoat cake of diatomaceous earth filter media is deposited on a support membrane
(septum); and
While the water is filtered by passing through the cake on the septum, additional filter
media known as body feed is continuously added to the feed water to maintain the
permeability of the filter cake.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Direct filtration” means a series of processes including coagulation and filtration but excluding
sedimentation resulting in substantial particulate removal.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
9
“Disinfectant” means any oxidant, including but not limited to chlorine, chlorine dioxide,
chloramines, and ozone added to water in any part of the treatment or distribution process, that
is intended to kill or inactivate pathogenic microorganisms.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Disinfectant contact time” or “T” means the time in minutes that it takes for water to move from
the point of disinfectant application or the previous point of RDC measurement to a point before
or at the point where RDC is measured.
Where only one RDC is measured, T is the time in minutes that it takes for water to
move from the point of disinfectant application to a point before or at the point where
RDC is measured.
Where more than one RDC is measured, T is:
For the first measurement of RDC, the time in minutes that it takes for water to
move from the first or only point of disinfectant application to a point before
or at the point where the first RDC is measured, and
For subsequent measurements of RDC, the time in minutes that it takes for
water to move from the previous RDC measurement point to the RDC
measurement point for which the particular T is being calculated.
T in pipelines must be calculated based on “plug flow” by dividing the internal volume
of the pipe by the maximum hourly flow rate through that pipe.
T within mixing basins and storage reservoirs must be determined by tracer studies or
an equivalent demonstration.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Disinfection” means a process that inactivates pathogenic organisms in water by chemical
oxidants or equivalent agents.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Disinfection Byproduct” or “DBP” means a chemical byproduct that forms when disinfectants
used for microbial control react with naturally occurring compounds already present in source
water. DBPs include, but are not limited to,
bromodichloromethane, bromoform, chloroform,
dichloroacetic acid, bromate, chlorite, dibromochloromethane, and certain haloacetic acids.
“Disinfection profile” is a summary of daily
Giardia lamblia inactivation through the treatment
plant. The procedure for developing a disinfection profile is contained in Section 611.742.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Distribution system” includes all points downstream of an “entry point” to the point of
consumer ownership.
“Domestic or other non-distribution system plumbing problem” means a coliform
contamination problem in a PWS with more than one service connection that is limited to the
specific service connection from which the coliform-positive sample was taken.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Dose equivalent” means the product of the absorbed dose from ionizing radiation and such
factors as account for differences in biological effectiveness due to the type of radiation and its
10
distribution in the body as specified by the International Commission on Radiological Units and
Measurements (ICRU).
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Enhanced coagulation” means the addition of sufficient coagulant for improved removal of
disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors by conventional filtration treatment.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Enhanced softening” means the improved removal of disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors
by precipitative softening.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Entry point” means a point just downstream of the final treatment operation, but upstream of
the first user and upstream of any mixing with other water. If raw water is used without
treatment, the “entry point” is the raw water source. If a PWS receives treated water from
another PWS, the “entry point” is a point just downstream of the other PWS, but upstream of the
first user on the receiving PWS, and upstream of any mixing with other water.
“Filter profile” is a graphical representation of individual filter performance, based on
continuous turbidity measurements or total particle counts versus time for an entire filter run,
from startup to backwash inclusively, that includes an assessment of filter performance while
another filter is being backwashed.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Filtration” means a process for removing particulate matter from water by passage through
porous media.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Flocculation” means a process to enhance agglomeration or collection of smaller floc particles
into larger, more easily settleable particles through gentle stirring by hydraulic or mechanical
means.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“GAC10” means granular activated carbon (GAC) filter beds with an empty-bed contact time of
10 minutes based on average daily flow and a carbon reactivation frequency of every 180 days.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“GC” means “gas chromatography” or “gas-liquid phase chromatography”.
“GC/MS” means gas chromatography (GC) followed by mass spectrometry (MS).
“Gross alpha particle activity” means the total radioactivity due to alpha particle emission as
inferred from measurements on a dry sample.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Gross beta particle activity” means the total radioactivity due to beta particle emission as
inferred from measurements on a dry sample.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Groundwater under the direct influence of surface water” means any water beneath the surface
of the ground with significant occurrence of insects or other
macroorganisms, algae, or large-
diameter pathogens such as Giardia lamblia or (for Subpart B systems serving at least 10,000
persons only) Cryptosporidium, or significant and relatively rapid shifts in water characteristics
such as turbidity, temperature, conductivity, or pH which closely correlate to
climatological or
11
surface water conditions. “Groundwater under the direct influence of surface water” is as
determined in Section 611.212.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“GWS” means “groundwater system”, a public water supply (PWS) that uses only groundwater
sources.
BOARD NOTE: Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(b)(2) & 141.24(f)(2) note (1998).
“Haloacetic acids (five)” or HAA5 means the sum of the concentrations in milligrams per liter
(mg/L) of five haloacetic acid compounds (monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid,
trichloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, and dibromoacetic acid), rounded to two significant
figures after addition.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Halogen” means one of the chemical elements chlorine, bromine or iodine.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“HPC” means “heterotrophic plate count”, measured as specified in Section 611.531(c).
“Inactivation Ratio” (Ai) means:
Ai = CT
calc
/CT
99.9
The sum of the inactivation ratios, or “total inactivation ratio” (B) is calculated by
adding together the inactivation ratio for each disinfection sequence:
B =
Σ
(Ai)
A total inactivation ratio equal to or greater than 1.0 is assumed to provide a 3-log
inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from the definition of “CT” in 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Initial compliance period” means the three-year compliance period that begins January 1, 1993,
except for the MCLs for dichloromethane, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, benzo[a]-
pyrene, dalapon, di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, dinoseb, diquat, endothall,
endrin, glyphosate, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene, oxamyl, picloram, simazine,
2,3,7,8-TCDD, antimony, beryllium, cyanide, nickel, and thallium as they apply to suppliers
whose supplies have fewer than 150 service connections, for which it means the three-year
compliance period that begins on January 1, 1996.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Inorganic contaminants” or “ IOCs” refers to that group of contaminants designated as such in
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regulatory discussions and guidance
documents. IOCs include antimony, asbestos, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide,
mercury, nickel, nitrate, nitrite, selenium, and thallium.
BOARD NOTE: The IOCs are derived from 40 CFR 141.23(a)(4) (1998).
“L” means “liter”.
“Legionella” means a genus of bacteria, some species of which have caused a type of pneumonia
called Legionnaires Disease.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
12
“Man-made beta particle and photon emitters” means all radionuclides emitting beta particles or
photons listed in Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible
Concentrations of Radionuclides in Air and in Water for Occupational Exposure, NCRP Report
Number 22, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102, except the daughter products of
thorium-232, uranium-235 and uranium-238.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Maximum contaminant level” (“MCL”) means the maximum permissible level of a contaminant
in water that is delivered to any user of a public water system. (See Section 611.121.)
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Maximum contaminant level goal” (“MCLG”) means the maximum level of a contaminant in
drinking water at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on the health of persons would
occur, and which allows an adequate margin of safety. MCLGs are nonenforceable health goals.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998). The Board has not routinely adopted the
regulations relating to the federal
MCLGs because they are outside the scope of the Board’s
identical-in-substance mandate under Section 17.5 of the Act.
“Maximum residual disinfectant level” or “MRDL” means the maximum permissible level of a
disinfectant added for water treatment that may not be exceeded at the consumer’s tap without an
unacceptable possibility of adverse health effects. MRDLs are enforceable in the same manner as
are MCLs. (See Section 611.313 and Section 611.383.)
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Maximum residual disinfectant level goal” or “MRDLG” means the maximum level of a
disinfectant added for water treatment at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on the
health of persons would occur, and which allows an adequate margin of safety.
MRDLGs are
nonenforceable health goals and do not reflect the benefit of the addition of the chemical for
control of waterborne microbial contaminants.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Maximum Total Trihalomethane Potential” or “MTP” means the maximum concentration of
total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) produced in a given water containing a disinfectant residual after
7 days at a temperature of 25
°
C or above.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“MFL” means millions of fibers per liter larger than 10 micrometers.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(a)(4)(i) (1998).
“mg” means milligrams (1/1000th of a gram).
“mg/L” means milligrams per liter.
“Mixed system” means a PWS that uses both groundwater and surface water sources.
BOARD NOTE: Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(b)(2) and 141.24(f)(2) note (1998).
“MUG” means 4-methyl-umbelliferyl-beta-d-glucuronide.
“Near the first service connection” means at one of the 20 percent of all service connections in the
entire system that are nearest the public water system (PWS) treatment facility, as measured by
water transport time within the distribution system.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
13
“nm” means nanometer (1/1,000,000,000 of a meter).
“Non-community water system” or “NCWS” or “non-CWS” means a public water system (PWS)
that is not a community water system (CWS). A non-community water system is either a
“transient non-community water system (TWS)” or a “non-transient non-community water
system (NTNCWS).”
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Non-transient non-community water system” or “NTNCWS” means a public water system
(PWS) that is not a community water system (CWS) and that regularly serves at least 25 of the
same persons over 6 months per year.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“NPDWR” means “national primary drinking water regulation”.
“NTU” means “nephelometric turbidity units”.
“Old MCL” means one of the inorganic maximum contaminant levels (MCLs), codified at Section
611.300, or organic MCLs, codified at Section 611.310, including any marked as “additional state
requirements.”
BOARD NOTE: Old MCLs are those derived prior to the implementation of the USEPA “Phase II”
regulations. The Section 611.640 definition of this term, which applies only to Subpart O of this
Part, differs from this definition in that the definition does not include the Section 611.300
inorganic MCLs.
“P-A Coliform Test” means “Presence-Absence Coliform Test”.
“Paired sample” means two samples of water for Total Organic Carbon (TOC).
One sample is of
raw water taken prior to any treatment. The other sample is taken after the point of combined
filter effluent and is representative of the treated water. These samples are taken at the same
time. (See Section 611.382.)
“Performance evaluation sample” means a reference sample provided to a laboratory for the
purpose of demonstrating that the laboratory can successfully analyze the sample within limits
of performance specified by the Agency; or, for bacteriological laboratories, Public Health; or, for
radiological laboratories, the Illinois Department of Nuclear Safety. The true value of the
concentration of the reference material is unknown to the laboratory at the time of the analysis.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Person” means an individual, corporation, company, association, partnership, State, unit of local
government, or federal agency.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Phase I” refers to that group of chemical contaminants and the accompanying regulations
promulgated by USEPA on July 8, 1987, at 52 Fed. Reg. 25712.
“Phase II” refers to that group of chemical contaminants and the accompanying regulations
promulgated by USEPA on January 30, 1991, at 56 Fed. Reg. 3578.
“Phase IIB” refers to that group of chemical contaminants and the accompanying regulations
promulgated by USEPA on July 1, 1991, at 56 Fed. Reg. 30266.
“Phase V” refers to that group of chemical contaminants promulgated by USEPA on July 17, 1992,
at 57 Fed. Reg. 31776.
14
“Picocurie” or “pCi” means the quantity of radioactive material producing 2.22 nuclear
transformations per minute.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Point of disinfectant application” is the point at which the disinfectant is applied and
downstream of which water is not subject to recontamination by surface water runoff.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Point-of-entry treatment device” is a treatment device applied to the drinking water entering a
house or building for the purpose of reducing contaminants in the drinking water distributed
throughout the house or building.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Point-of-use treatment device” is a treatment device applied to a single tap used for the purpose
of reducing contaminants in drinking water at that one tap.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Public Health” means the Illinois Department of Public Health.
BOARD NOTE: The Department of Public Health (“Public Health”) regulates non-community
water supplies (“non-CWSs”, including non-transient, non-community water supplies
(“NTNCWSs”) and transient non-community water supplies (“transient non-CWSs”)). For the
purposes of regulation of supplies by Public Health by reference to this Part, “Agency” shall
mean Public Health.
“Public water system” or “PWS” means a system for the provision to the public of piped water
for human consumption through pipes or other constructed conveyances, if such system has at
least fifteen service connections or regularly serves an average of at least 25 individuals daily at
least 60 days out of the year. A PWS is either a community water system (CWS) or a non-
community water system (non-CWS). Such term includes:
Any collection, treatment, storage, and distribution facilities under control of the
operator of such system and used primarily in connection with such system; and
Any collection or pretreatment storage facilities not under such control that are used
primarily in connection with such system.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998). Where used in this Subpart F, “public water
supply” means the same as “public water system.”
“Radioactive contaminants” refers to that group of contaminants designated “radioactive
contaminants” in USEPA regulatory discussions and guidance documents. “Radioactive
contaminants” include tritium, strontium-89, strontium-90, iodine-131, cesium-134, gross beta
emitters, and other nuclides.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.25(c) Table B (1998). These radioactive contaminants
must be reported in Consumer Confidence Reports under Subpart U when they are detected
above the levels indicated in Section 611.720(c)(3).
“Reliably and consistently” below a specified level for a contaminant means an Agency
determination based on analytical results following the initial detection of a contaminant to
determine the qualitative condition of water from an individual sampling point or source. The
Agency shall base this determination on the consistency of analytical results, the degree below
the MCL, the susceptibility of source water to variation, and other vulnerability factors pertinent
to the contaminant detected that may influence the quality of water.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(b)(9), 141.24(f)(11)(ii), and 141.24(f)(11)(iii) (1998).
15
“Rem” means the unit of dose equivalent from ionizing radiation to the total body or any
internal organ or organ system. A “millirem (mrem)” is 1/1000 of a rem.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Repeat compliance period” means a compliance period that begins after the initial compliance
period.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Representative” means that a sample must reflect the quality of water that is delivered to
consumers under conditions when all sources required to supply water under normal conditions
are in use and all treatment is properly operating.
“Residual disinfectant concentration” (“RDC” or “C” in CT calculations) means the concentration
of disinfectant measured in mg/L in a representative sample of water. For purposes of the
requirement of Section 611.241(d) of maintaining a detectable RDC in the distribution system,
“RDC” means a residual of free or combined chlorine.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Safe Drinking Water Act” or “SDWA” means the Public Health Service Act, as amended by the
Safe Drinking Water Act, Pub. L. 93-523, 42 USC 300f et seq.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Sanitary survey” means an onsite review of the water source, facilities, equipment, operation
and maintenance of a public water system (PWS) for the purpose of evaluating the adequacy of
such source, facilities, equipment, operation and maintenance for producing and distributing safe
drinking water.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Sedimentation” means a process for removal of solids before filtration by gravity or separation.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“SEP” means special exception permit (Section 611.110).
“Service connection,” as used in the definition of public water system, does not include a
connection to a system that delivers water by a constructed conveyance other than a pipe if any of
the following is true:
The water is used exclusively for purposes other than residential use (consisting of
drinking, bathing, and cooking, or other similar uses);
The Agency determines by issuing a SEP that alternative water for residential use or
similar uses for drinking and cooking is provided to achieve the equivalent level of
public health protection provided by the applicable national primary drinking water
regulations; or
The Agency determines by issuing a SEP that the water provided for residential use or
similar uses for drinking, cooking, and bathing is centrally treated or treated at the
point of entry by the provider, a pass -through entity, or the user to achieve the
equivalent level of protection provided by the applicable national primary drinking
water regulations.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998). See sections 1401(4)(B)(i)(II) and (4)(B)(i)(III) of
SDWA (42 USC 300f(4)(B)(i)(II) & (4)(B)(i)(III) (1996)).
16
“Slow sand filtration” means a process involving passage of raw water through a bed of sand at
low velocity (generally less than 0.4 meters per hour (m/h)) resulting in substantial particulate
removal by physical and biological mechanisms.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“SOC” or “Synthetic organic chemical contaminant” refers to that group of contaminants
designated as “SOCs”, or “synthetic organic chemicals” or “synthetic organic contaminants”, in
USEPA regulatory discussions and guidance documents. “SOCs” include alachlor, aldicarb,
aldicarb sulfone, aldicarb sulfoxide, atrazine, benzo[a]pyrene, carbofuran, chlordane, dalapon, di-
bromoethylene (ethylene dibromide or EDB), dibromochloropropane (DBCP), di(2-ethylhexyl)-
adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, dinoseb, diquat, endothall, endrin, glyphosate, heptachlor,
heptachlor epoxide, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene, lindane, methoxychlor,
oxamyl, pentachlorophenol, picloram, simazine, toxaphene, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
2,4-D, 2,3,7,8-TCDD, and 2,4,5-TP.
“Source” means a well, reservoir, or other source of raw water.
“Special irrigation district” means an irrigation district in existence prior to May 18, 1994 that
provides primarily agricultural service through a piped water system with only incidental
residential use or similar use, where the system or the residential users or similar users of the
system comply with either of the following exclusion conditions:
The Agency determines by issuing a SEP that alternative water is provided for
residential use or similar uses for drinking or cooking to achieve the equivalent level of
public health protection provided by the applicable national primary drinking water
regulations; or
The Agency determines by issuing a SEP that the water provided for residential use or
similar uses for drinking, cooking, and bathing is centrally treated or treated at the
point of entry by the provider, a pass-through entity, or the user to achieve the
equivalent level of protection provided by the applicable national primary drinking
water regulations.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998) and sections 1401(4)(B)(i)(II) and (4)(B)(i)(III) of
SDWA (42 USC 300f(4)(B)(i)(II) & (4)(B)(i)(III) (1996)).
“Standard sample” means the aliquot of finished drinking water that is examined for the
presence of coliform bacteria.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Subpart B system” means a public water system that uses surface water or groundwater under
the direct influence of surface water as a source and which is subject to the requirements of
Subpart B and the analytical and monitoring requirements of Sections 611.531, 611.532, 611.533,
611.Appendix B, and 611.Appendix C of this Part.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Supplier of water” or “supplier” means any person who owns or operates a public water system
(PWS). This term includes the “official custodian”.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Surface water” means all water that is open to the atmosphere and subject to surface runoff.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“SUVA” means specific ultraviolet absorption at 254 nanometers (nm), which is an indicator of
the humic content of water. It is a calculated parameter obtained by dividing a sample’s
17
ultraviolet absorption at a wavelength of 254 nm (UV
254
) (in m
-1
) by its concentration of dissolved
organic carbon (in mg/L).
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“SWS” means “surface water system”, a public water supply (PWS) that uses only surface water
sources, including “groundwater under the direct influence of surface water”.
BOARD NOTE: Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(b)(2) and 141.24(f)(2) note (1998).
“System with a single service connection” means a system that supplies drinking water to
consumers via a single service line.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Too numerous to count” means that the total number of bacterial colonies exceeds 200 on a 47-
mm diameter membrane filter used for coliform detection.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Total Organic Carbon” (“TOC”) means total organic carbon (in mg/L) measured using heat,
oxygen, ultraviolet irradiation, chemical oxidants, or combinations of these oxidants that convert
organic carbon to carbon dioxide, rounded to two significant figures.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Total trihalomethanes” or “TTHM” means the sum of the concentration of trihalomethanes
(THMs), in milligrams per liter (mg/L), rounded to two significant figures.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from the definition of “total trihalomethanes” in 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
(See the definition of THMs for a listing of the four compounds that USEPA considers TTHMs to
comprise.)
“Transient, non-community water system” or “transient non-CWS” means a non-CWS that does
not regularly serve at least 25 of the same persons over six months of the year.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998). The federal regulations apply to all “public
water systems”, which are defined as all systems having at least 15 service connections or
regularly serving water to at least 25 persons. (See 42 USC 300f(4).) The Act mandates that the
Board and the Agency regulate “public water supplies”, which it defines as having at least 15
service connections or regularly serving 25 persons daily at least 60 days per year. (See Section
3.28 of the Act [415 ILCS 5/3.28].) The Department of Public Health regulates transient non-
community water systems.
“Treatment” means any process that changes the physical, chemical, microbiological, or
radiological properties of water, is under the control of the supplier, and is not a “point of use”
or “point of entry treatment device” as defined in this Section. “Treatment” includes, but is not
limited to, aeration, coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, activated carbon treatment,
disinfection, and fluoridation.
“Trihalomethane” or “THM” means one of the family of organic compounds, named as
derivatives of methane, in which three of the four hydrogen atoms in methane are each
substituted by a halogen atom in the molecular structure. The THMs are:
Trichloromethane (chloroform),
Dibromochloromethane,
Bromodichloromethane, and
Tribromomethane (bromoform)
18
BOARD NOTE: Derived from the definitions of “total trihalomethanes” and “trihalomethanes”
in 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“
μ
g” means micrograms (1/1,000,000 of a gram).
“USEPA” or “U.S. EPA” means the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
“Uncovered finished water storage facility” is a tank, reservoir, or other facility that is open to
the atmosphere and which is used to store water that will undergo no further treatment except
residual disinfection.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Virus” means a virus of fecal origin that is infectious to humans by waterborne transmission.
“VOC” or “volatile organic chemical contaminant” refers to that group of contaminants
designated as “VOCs”, “volatile organic chemicals”, or “volatile organic contaminants”, in
USEPA regulatory discussions and guidance documents. “VOCs” include benzene, dichloro-
methane, tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride), trichloroethylene, vinyl chloride,
1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform), 1,1-dichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, cis-1,2-di-
chloroethylene, ethylbenzene, monochlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, styrene, 1,2,4-trichloro-
benzene, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, toluene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, xylene,
and 1,2-dichloropropane.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Waterborne disease outbreak” means the significant occurrence of acute infectious illness,
epidemiologically associated with the ingestion of water from a public water system (PWS) that
is deficient in treatment, as determined by the appropriate local or State agency.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1998).
“Wellhead Protection Program” means the wellhead protection program for the State of Illinois,
approved by USEPA under Section 1428 of the SDWA.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.71(b) (1998). The wellhead protection program
includes the “groundwater protection needs assessment” under Section 17.1 of the Act, and 35 Ill.
Adm. Code 615 et seq.
(Source: Amended at 23 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
IT IS SO ORDERED.
I, Dorothy M. Gunn, Clerk of the Illinois Pollution Control Board, do hereby certify that the above
proposed opinion and order was adopted on the 23rd day of September 1999 by a vote of 6-0.
Dorothy M. Gunn, Clerk
Illinois Pollution Control Board
