ILLINOIS POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
November 7, 1996
IN THE MATTER OF:
TIERED APPROACH TO CORRECTIVE
ACTION OBJECTIVES 35 ILL. ADM.
CODE 742.
)
)
)
)
)
R 97-12
(Rulemaking - Land)
Proposed Rule.
First Notice.
OPINION AND ORDER OF THE BOARD (by M. McFawn, R. C. Flemal and J. Yi):
On September 16, 1996 the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (Agency) filed a
proposal to add a new Part 742 to the Board’s rules, which would establish a tiered approach
to corrective action objectives (also known as TACO). Such rules are required by P.A. 89-431
(known as the Brownfield legislation), which was signed and became effective December 15,
1995. P.A. 89-431 added Title XVII to the Environmental Protection Act, and is intended to
achieve five objectives. Those objectives are to: (1) establish a risk-based system of
remediation based on the protection of human health and the environment relative to present
and future use of the land; (2) assure that the land use for which remedial action was
undertaken will not be modified without consideration of the adequacy of such remedial action
for the new land use; (3) provide incentives for the private sector to undertake remedial action;
(4) establish expeditious alternatives for the review of site investigation and remedial activities,
including a privatized review process; and (5) assure that the resources of the Hazardous Waste
Fund are used in a manner that is protective of human health and the environment relative to
present and future uses of the site and surrounding area. The first two of these objectives are
to be achieved by the proposed TACO rules.
The proposed rules create a tiered approach to establishing clean-up objectives, based
on risks to human health and the environment, in consideration of the proposed land use at a
subject site. Although this approach is premised upon the statutory mandates in the Brownfield
legislation, it is proposed to be applicable across all types of remediation programs under the
Environmental Protection Act, including not only the site remdiation program (also known as
Brownfields), but also the Underground Storage Tank (UST) and Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) programs.
The Board accepted this matter for hearing on September 19, 1996. As noted
by the Board in its September 19, 1996 order, the Agency had filed two additional
rulemaking petitions when it filed this rulemaking: a proposal for a new Part 740,
establishing procedures for the Brownfields program, docketed as R 97-11; and a
proposal to amend the regulations governing USTs, docketed as R97-10. Like the
TACO rules in the instant docket, the Brownfields rules were mandated by P.A. 89-
431, while the UST amendments were mandated by P.A. 89-457, effective May 22,
1996.
2
Pursuant to P.A. 89-431, specifically Section 58.11(c), the Board is required to
complete this rulemaking on or before June 16, 1997. The last regularly scheduled Board
meeting preceding the statutory deadline is set for June 5, 1997. Due to the stringent
timeframe for final adoption, the Board is today sending this proposal to first notice without
commenting on the merit of the proposal.
The Board directs the Clerk to cause the filing of the following proposal for first notice
in the Illinois Register:
ORDER
TITLE 35: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
SUBTITLE G: WASTE DISPOSAL
CHAPTER I: POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
SUBCHAPTER f: RISK BASED CLEANUP OBJECTIVES
PART 742
TIERED APPROACH TO CORRECTIVE ACTION OBJECTIVES
SUBPART A: INTRODUCTION
Section
742.100
Intent and Purpose
742.105
Applicability
742.110
Overview of Tiered Approach
742.115
Key Elements
742.120
Site Characterization
SUBPART B: GENERAL
Section
742.200
Definitions
742.205
Severability
742.210
Incorporations by Reference
742.215
Determination of Soil Attenuation Capacity
742.220
Determination of Soil Saturation Limit
742.225
Determination of Compliance with Remediation Objectives
742.230
Agency Review and Approval
SUBPART C: EXPOSURE ROUTE EVALUATIONS
Section
742.300
General
742.305
Contaminant Source Evaluation
742.310
Inhalation Exposure Route
3
742.315
Soil Ingestion Exposure Route
742.320
Groundwater Ingestion Exposure Route
SUBPART D: DETERMINING AREA BACKGROUND
Section
742.400
General
742.405
Determination of Area Background for Soil
742.410
Determination of Area Background for Groundwater
742.415
Use of Area Background Concentrations
SUBPART E: TIER 1 EVALUATION
Section
742.500
Introduction
742.505
Tier 1 Groundwater and Soil Remediation Objectives
742.510
Tier 1 Tables
SUBPART F: TIER 2 GENERAL EVALUATION
Section
742.600
Introduction
742.605
Land Use
742.610
Chemicals with Cumulative Noncarcinogenic Effects
742.615
Chemical and Site Properties
SUBPART G: TIER 2 SOIL EVALUATION
Section
742.700
Overview
742.705
Parameters for Soil Remediation Objective Equations
742.710
SSL Soil Equations
742.715
RBCA Soil Equations
SUBPART H: TIER 2 GROUNDWATER EVALUATION
Section
742.800
General
742.805
Tier 2 Groundwater Remediation Objectives
742.810
Calculations to Predict Impacts from Remaining Groundwater Contamination
SUBPART I: TIER 3 EVALUATION
Section
742.900
Introduction
742.905
Modifications of Parameters
4
742.910
Alternative Models
742.915
Formal Risk Assessments
742.920
Impractical Remediation
742.925
Exposure Routes
742.930
Derivation of Toxicological Data
742.935
Agricultural Uses and Ecological Receptors (Reserved)
SUBPART J: INSTITUTIONAL CONTROLS
Section
742.1000
General
742.1005
No Further Remediation Letters
742.1010
Restrictive Covenants, Deed Restrictions and Negative Easements
742.1015
Ordinances
742.1020
Highway Authority Agreements
SUBPART K: ENGINEERED BARRIERS
Section
742.1100
General
742.1105
Engineered Barrier Requirements
742.APPENDIX A
General
Table A
Soil Saturation Limits (C
sat
) for Chemicals Whose Melting Point is Less
Than 30
0
C
Table B
Tolerance Factor (K)
Table C
Coefficients {A
N-I+1
} for W Test of Normaility, for N=2(1)50
Table D
Percentage Points of the W Test for N=3(1)50
Table E
SSL Chemicals with Noncarcinogenic Toxic Effects on Specific Target
Organs/Organ Systems or Similar Modes of Action
Table F
Range of Concentrations of Inorganic Chemicals in Background Soils
Illustration A
Developing Soil Remediation Objectives Under the Tiered Approach
Illustration B
Developing Groundwater Remediation Objectives Under the Tiered
Approach
742.APPENDIX B
Tier 1 Tables and Illustrations
Table A
Tier 1 Soil Remediation Objectives for Residential Properties
Table B
Tier 1 Soil Remediation Objectives for Industrial/Commercial Properties
Table C
pH Specific Soil Remediation Objectives for Inorganics and Ionizing
Organics for the Migration to Groundwater Portion of the Groundwater
Ingestion Route (Class I Groundwater)
Table D
pH Specific Soil Remediation Objectives for Inorganics and Ionizing
Organics for the Migration to Groundwater Portion of the Groundwater
Ingestion Route (Class II Groundwater)
Table E
Tier 1 Groundwater Remediation Objectives for the Direct Ingestion of
Groundwater Portion of the Groundwater Ingestion Route
Illustration A
Tier 1 Evaluation
5
742.APPENDIX C
Tier 2 Tables and Illustrations
Table A
SSL Equations
Table B
SSL Parameters
Table C
RBCA Equations
Table D
RBCA Parameters
Table E
Default Physical and Chemical Parameters
Table F
Methods for Determining Physical Soil Parameters
Table G
Error Function (erf)
Table H
Q/C Values by Source Area
Table I
Values to be Substituted for k
s
When Evaluating Organics as a Function
of pH
Table J
Values to be Substituted for k
s
When Evaluating Inorganics as a Function
of pH
Table K
Parameter Estimates for Calculating Water-Filled Soil Porosity (
θ
w
)
Illustration A
Tier 2 Evaluation for Soil
Illustration B
Tier 2 Evaluation for Groundwater
Illustration C
US Department of Agriculture Soil Texture Classification
742.APPENDIX D
Procedures for Determination of Class II Groundwater
AUTHORITY: Implementing Sections 22.4, 22.12, 57-57.17, and 58.1-58.12 and authorized
by Sections 27, 57.14, and 58.5 of the Environmental Protection Act [415 ILCS 5/22.4, 22.12,
57-57.17, 57.14, and 58.5] (see P.A. 88-496, effective September 13, 1993 and P.A. 89-0431,
effective December 15, 1995).
SOURCE:
NOTE: Capitalization indicates statutory language.
SUBPART A: INTRODUCTION
Section 742.100
Intent and Purpose
a)
This Part sets forth procedures for use in evaluating the risk to human health
posed by environmental conditions and in developing objectives for remediation
that assure such risks achieve acceptable levels.
b)
The purpose of these procedures is to provide for the adequate protection of
human health and the environment based on the risks to human health posed by
environmental conditions while incorporating site related information, to the
extent practicable, which may allow for more cost-effective site remediation.
Section 742.105
Applicability
6
a)
Any person, including a person required to perform investigation pursuant to the
Illinois Environmental Protection Act [415 ILCS 5] (Act), may elect to proceed
under this Part to the extent allowed by State or federal law and regulations and
the provisions of this Part. A person proceeding under this Part may do so to
the extent such actions are consistent with the requirements of the program
under which site remediation is being addressed.
b)
This Part is intended to be used in following the procedures and requirements
applicable to the following programs:
1)
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (35 Ill. Adm. Code 731 and 732);
2)
Site Remediation Program (35 Ill. Adm. Code 740); and
3)
RCRA Part B Permits and Closure Plans (35 Ill. Adm. Code 724 and
725).
c)
The procedures in this Part may not be used if their use would delay response
action when timeliness is critical to address imminent and substantial threats to
human health and the environment. This Part may only be used after actions to
address such threats have been completed.
d)
Consistent with the regulations of other programs, and as approved by the
Agency, this Part may be used to develop remediation objectives to protect
surface waters, sediments, or ecological concerns.
e)
A determination issued by the Agency prior to the effective date of this Part
pursuant to Section 4(y) of the Act or one of the programs listed in subsection
(b) of this Section that approves completion of remedial action relative to a
release shall remain in effect in accordance with the terms of the determination.
f)
Site specific groundwater remediation objectives determined under this Part for
contaminants of concern may exceed the groundwater quality standards
established pursuant to the rules promulgated under the Illinois Groundwater
Protection Act [415 ILCS 55].
BOARD NOTE: Sections 58.5 and 57.7 of the Act authorize the use of groundwater
remediation objectives for contaminants of concern that are greater than the
groundwater quality standards established pursuant to the Illinois Groundwater
Protection Act and rules promulgated thereunder.
g)
The Agency's issuance of a "No Further Remediation" determination pursuant
to the requirements applicable to the program under which the remediation is
performed shall be considered, while the determination is in effect, prima facie
evidence that the contaminants of concern at the site do not, relative to
7
groundwater, cause or tend to cause water pollution under Section 12(a) of the
Act or create a water pollution hazard under Section 12(d) of the Act.
Section 742.110
Overview of Tiered Approach
a)
This Part presents an approach to development of remediation objectives (see
Appendix A, Illustrations A and B) that includes an option for exclusion of
pathways from further consideration, use of area background concentrations as
remediation objectives, and three tiers for selecting applicable remediation
objectives. An understanding of human exposure routes is necessary to properly
conduct an evaluation under this approach. In some cases, human exposure
route(s) can be excluded from further consideration prior to any tier evaluation.
The option of selecting which tier or combination of tiers shall be used to
develop remediation objectives will be dependent on the site-specific conditions
and remediation goals. Tier 1 evaluations and Tier 2 evaluations are not
prerequisites to conducting Tier 3 evaluations.
b)
Tier 1. A Tier 1 evaluation compares the concentration of contaminants
detected at a site to the corresponding remediation objectives contained in
Appendix B, Tables A, B, C, D, and E. To complete a Tier 1 evaluation, the
extent and concentrations of the contaminants of concern, the groundwater class,
the land use classification, human exposure routes at the site, and, if
appropriate, soil pH must be known. If remediation objectives are developed
based on industrial/commercial property use, then institutional controls under
Subpart J are required.
c)
Tier 2. A Tier 2 evaluation uses the Soil Screening Level (SSL) and Risk Based
Corrective Action (RBCA) approaches' risk-based equations listed in Appendix
C, Tables A and C, respectively. In addition to the information that is required
for a Tier 1 evaluation, site-specific information is used to calculate Tier 2
remediation objectives. Tier 2 remediation objectives are equally protective of
human health based on identified risks and site-specific conditions at the site.
Tier 2 also considers the use of institutional controls or engineered barriers and
institutional controls in accordance with Subparts J and K.
d)
Tier 3. A Tier 3 evaluation allows alternative parameters and factors, not
available under a Tier 1 evaluation or a Tier 2 evaluation, to be considered
when developing remediation objectives. A Tier 3 evaluation can be simple or
complex depending on the remediation method and the site conditions.
e)
Remediation objectives developed using area background concentrations or any
of three tiers may be used if the evaluation is conducted in accordance with
applicable requirements in Subparts D through I. When contaminant
concentrations do not exceed area background concentrations or remediation
objectives under one of the tiers, evaluation under any of the other tiers is not
required.
8
Section 742.115
Key Elements
To develop remediation objectives under this Part, the following key elements shall be
addressed.
a)
Exposure Routes
1)
This Part identifies the following as potential exposure routes to be
addressed:
A)
Inhalation;
B)
Soil Ingestion;
C)
Groundwater Ingestion; and
D)
Dermal contact with soil.
2)
The evaluation of exposure routes under subsections (a)(1)(A),(a)(1)(B),
and (a)(1)(C) of this Section is required for all sites when developing
remediation objectives or excluding exposure pathways. Evaluation of
the dermal contact exposure route is required for use of RBCA equations
in Appendix C, Table C or use of formal risk assessment under Section
742.915.
3)
The groundwater ingestion exposure route is comprised of two portions:
A)
Migration to Groundwater (Soil Component); and
B)
Direct Ingestion of Groundwater (Groundwater Component).
b)
Contaminants of Concern
The contaminants of concern to be remediated depend on the following:
1)
The materials and wastes managed at the site;
2)
The extent of the determination being requested from the Agency; and
3)
The requirements applicable to the specific program under which the
remediation is being performed.
9
c)
Land Use
The present and post-remediation uses of the site where exposures may occur
shall be evaluated. The land use of a site, or portion thereof, shall be classified
as one of the following:
1)
Residential property;
2)
Conservation property;
3)
Agricultural property; or
4)
Industrial/commercial property.
Section 742.120
Site Characterization
Characterization of the extent and concentrations of contamination at a site shall be performed
before beginning development of remediation objectives. The actual steps and methods taken
to characterize a site are determined by the requirements applicable to the program under
which site remediation is being addressed.
SUBPART B: GENERAL
Section 742.200
Definitions
Except as stated in this Section, or unless a different meaning of a word or term is clear from
the context, the definition of words or terms in this Part shall be the same as that applied to the
same words or terms in the Act.
"Act" means the Illinois Environmental Protection Act [415 ILCS 5].
"ADL" means Acceptable Detection Limit, which is the detectable concentration
of a substance which is equal to the lowest appropriate Practical Quantitation
Limit (PQL) as defined in this Section.
"Agency" means the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency.
"Agricultural Property" means any real property for which present or post-
remediation use is planned to consist of the growing of agricultural crops for
food or feed either as harvested crops, cover crops, or as pasture. This
definition includes, but is not limited to, properties used for confinement or
grazing of livestock or poultry and for silviculture operations. Excluded from
this definition are farm residences, farm outbuildings, and agrichemical
facilities.
10
"Area Background" means CONCENTRATIONS OF REGULATED
SUBSTANCES THAT ARE CONSISTENTLY PRESENT IN THE
ENVIRONMENT IN THE VICINITY OF A SITE THAT ARE THE RESULT
OF NATURAL CONDITIONS OR HUMAN ACTIVITIES, AND NOT THE
RESULT SOLELY OF RELEASES AT THE SITE (Section 58.2 of the Act).
"ASTM" means the American Society for Testing and Materials.
"Board" means the Illinois Pollution Control Board.
"Cancer Risk" means a unitless probability of an individual developing cancer
from a defined exposure rate and frequency.
"Cap" means a barrier designed to prevent the infiltration of precipitation or
other surface water, or impede the ingestion or inhalation of contaminants.
"Carcinogen" means A CONTAMINANT THAT IS CLASSIFIED AS A
CATEGORY A1 OR A2 CARCINOGEN BY THE AMERICAN
CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS; OR A
CATEGORY 1 OR 2A/2B CARCINOGEN BY THE WORLD HEALTH
ORGANIZATION'S INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON
CANCER; OR A "HUMAN CARCINOGEN" OR "ANTICIPATED HUMAN
CARCINOGEN" BY THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
AND HUMAN SERVICE NATIONAL TOXICOLOGICAL PROGRAM; OR
A CATEGORY A OR B1/B2 CARCINOGEN BY THE UNITED STATES
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY IN INTEGRATED RISK
INFORMATION SYSTEM OR A FINAL RULE ISSUED IN A FEDERAL
REGISTER NOTICE BY THE USEPA. (Section 58.2 of the Act)
"Class I Groundwater" means groundwater that meets the Class I: Potable
Resource Groundwater criteria set forth in 35 Illinois Administrative Code 620.
"Class II Groundwater" means groundwater that meets the Class II: General
Resource Groundwater criteria set forth in 35 Illinois Administrative Code 620.
"Conservation Property" means any real property for which present or post-
remediation use is primarily for wildlife habitat.
"Construction Worker Population" means a situation where persons are engaged
on a temporary basis to perform work involving invasive construction activities
including, but not limited to, personnel performing demolition, earth-moving,
building, and routine and emergency utility installation or repair activities.
"Contaminant of Concern" or "Regulated Substance of Concern" means ANY
CONTAMINANT THAT IS EXPECTED TO BE PRESENT AT THE SITE
BASED UPON PAST AND CURRENT LAND USES AND ASSOCIATED
11
RELEASES THAT ARE KNOWN TO THE person conducting a remediation
BASED UPON REASONABLE INQUIRY. (Section 58.2 of the Act)
"Engineered Barrier" means a barrier designed or verified using engineering
practices that limits exposure to or controls migration of the contaminants of
concern.
"Exposure Route" means the transport mechanism by which a contaminant of
concern reaches a receptor.
"Free Product" means a contaminant that is present as a non-aqueous phase
liquid for chemicals whose melting point is less than 30
o
C (e.g., liquid not
dissolved in water).
"GROUNDWATER" MEANS UNDERGROUND WATER WHICH OCCURS
WITHIN THE SATURATED ZONE AND GEOLOGIC MATERIALS
WHERE THE FLUID PRESSURE IN THE PORE SPACE IS EQUAL TO OR
GREATER THAN ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. (Section 3.64 of the Act)
"Groundwater Quality Standards" means the standards for groundwater as set
forth in 35 Illinois Administrative Code 620.
"Hazard Quotient" means the ratio of a single substance exposure level during a
specified time period to a reference dose for that substance derived from a
similar exposure period.
"Human Exposure Pathway" means a physical condition which may allow for a
risk to human health based on the presence of all of the following: contaminants
of concern; an exposure route; and a receptor activity at the point of exposure
that could result in contaminant of concern intake.
"Industrial/Commercial Property" means any real property that does not meet
the definition of residential property, conservation property, or agricultural
property.
"Infiltration" means the amount of water entering into the ground as a result of
precipitation.
"Institutional Control" means a legal mechanism for imposing a restriction on
land use, as described in Subpart J.
"Man-Made Pathways" means CONSTRUCTED physical conditions THAT
MAY ALLOW FOR THE TRANSPORT OF REGULATED SUBSTANCES
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, SEWERS, UTILITY LINES,
UTILITY VAULTS, BUILDING FOUNDATIONS, BASEMENTS, CRAWL
12
SPACES, DRAINAGE DITCHES, OR PREVIOUSLY EXCAVATED AND
FILLED AREAS. (Section 58.2 of the Act)
"Natural Pathways" means NATURAL physical conditions that may allow FOR
THE TRANSPORT OF REGULATED SUBSTANCES INCLUDING, BUT
NOT LIMITED TO, SOIL, GROUNDWATER, SAND SEAMS AND
LENSES, AND GRAVEL SEAMS AND LENSES. (Section 58.2 of the Act)
"Negative Easement" means a right in the owner of the dominant or benefitted
estate or property to restrict the property rights of the owner of the servient or
burdened estate or property.
"Person" means an INDIVIDUAL, TRUST, FIRM, JOINT STOCK
COMPANY, JOINT VENTURE, CONSORTIUM, COMMERCIAL ENTITY,
CORPORATION (INCLUDING A GOVERNMENT CORPORATION),
PARTNERSHIP, ASSOCIATION, STATE, MUNICIPALITY,
COMMISSION, POLITICAL SUBDIVISION OF A STATE, OR ANY
INTERSTATE BODY INCLUDING THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
AND EACH DEPARTMENT, AGENCY, AND INSTRUMENTALITY OF
THE UNITED STATES. (Section 58.2 of the Act)
"Point of Human Exposure" means the point(s) at which human exposure to a
contaminant of concern may reasonably be expected to occur. The point of
human exposure is at the source, unless an institutional control limiting human
exposure for the applicable exposure route has been or will be in place, in which
case the point of human exposure will be the boundary of the institutional
control. Point of human exposure may be at a different location than the point
of compliance.
"PQL" means Practical Quantitation Limit or Estimated Quantitation Limit,
which is the lowest concentration that can be reliably measured within specified
limits of precision and accuracy for a specific laboratory analytical method
during routine laboratory operating conditions in accordance with "Test
Methods for Evaluating Solid Wastes, Physical/Chemical Methods", EPA
Publication No. SW-846, incorporated by reference in Section 742.210. When
applied to filtered water samples, PQL includes the Method Detection Limit or
Estimated Detection Limit in accordance with the applicable method revision in:
"Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water",
Supplement II", EPA Publication No. EPA/600/4-88/039; "Methods for the
Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water, Supplement III",
EPA Publication No. EPA/600/R-95/131, all of which are incorporated by
reference in Section 742.210.
"RBCA" means Risk Based Corrective Action as defined in ASTM E-1739-95,
as incorporated by reference in Section 742.210.
13
"RCRA" means the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (as
amended)(42 U.S.C. Sec. 6921 et seq.)
"Reference Concentration (RfC)" means an estimate of a daily exposure, in units
of milligrams of chemical per cubic meter of air (mg/m
3
), to the human
population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without
appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a portion of a lifetime (up to
approximately seven years, subchronic) or for a lifetime (chronic).
"Reference Dose (RfD)" means an estimate of a daily exposure, in units of
milligrams of chemical per kilogram of body weight per day (mg/kg/d), to the
human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without
appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a portion of a lifetime (up to
approximately seven years, subchronic) or for a lifetime (chronic).
"Regulated Substance" means ANY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE AS
DEFINED UNDER SECTION 101(14) OF THE COMPREHENSIVE
ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION, AND LIABILITY ACT
OF 1980 (P.L. 96-510) AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS INCLUDING
CRUDE OIL OR ANY FRACTION THEREOF, NATURAL GAS, NATURAL
GAS LIQUIDS, LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS, OR SYNTHETIC GAS
USABLE FOR FUEL (OR MIXTURES OF NATURAL GAS AND SUCH
SYNTHETIC GAS). (Section 58.2 of the Act)
"Residential Property" means any real property that is used for habitation by
individuals or properties where children have the opportunity for exposure to
contaminants through ingestion or inhalation at educational facilities, health care
facilities, child care facilities, or playgrounds.
"Restrictive Covenant or Deed Restriction" means a provision placed in a deed
limiting the use of the property and prohibiting certain uses. (Black's Law
Dictionary, 5th Edition)
"Site" means ANY SINGLE LOCATION, PLACE, TRACT OF LAND OR
PARCEL OF PROPERTY, OR PORTION THEREOF, INCLUDING
CONTIGUOUS PROPERTY SEPARATED BY A PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY.
(Section 58.2 of the Act)
"Slurry Wall" means a man-made barrier made of geologic material which is
constructed to prevent or impede the movement of contamination into a certain
area.
"Soil Saturation Limit (C
sat
)" means the contaminant concentration at which soil
pore air and pore water are saturated with the chemical and the adsorptive limits
of the soil particles have been reached.
14
"Solubility" means a chemical specific maximum amount of solute that can
dissolve in a specific amount of solvent (groundwater) at a specific temperature.
"SSL" means Soil Screening Levels as defined in USEPA's Soil Screening
Guidance: User's Guide and Technical Background Document, as incorporated
by reference in Section 742.210.
"Stratigraphic Unit" means a site-specific geologic unit of native deposited
material and/or bedrock of varying thickness (e.g., sand, gravel, silt, clay,
bedrock, etc.). A change in stratigraphic unit is recognized by a clearly distinct
contrast in geologic material or a change in physical features within a zone of
gradation. For the purposes of this Part, a change in stratigraphic unit is
identified by one or a combination of differences in physical features such as
texture, cementation, fabric, composition, density, and/or permeability of the
native material and/or bedrock.
"TCLP" means Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (Method 1311) as
published in "Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical
Methods," U.S. EPA Publication number SW-846, as incorporated by reference
in Section 742.210.
"Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH)" means the additive total of all petroleum
hydrocarbons found in an analytical sample.
"Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)" means organic chemical analytes
identified as volatiles as published in "Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,
Physical/Chemical Methods," U.S. EPA Publication number SW-846
(incorporated by reference in Section 742.210) method numbers 8010, 8011,
8015, 8020, 8021, 8030, 8031, 8240, 8260, 8315, and 8316. For analytes not
listed in any category in those methods, those analytes which have a boiling
point less than 200
0
C and a vapor pressure greater than 0.1 Torr (mm Hg) at
20
0
C.
Section 742.205
Severability
If any provision of this Part or its application to any person or under any circumstances is
adjudged invalid, such adjudication shall not affect the validity of this Part as a whole or any
portion not adjudged invalid.
Section 742.210
Incorporations by Reference
a)
The Board incorporates the following material by reference:
ASTM. American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street,
Philadelphia, PA 19103 (215) 299-5400
15
ASTM D 2974-87, Standard Test Methods for Moisture, Ash and
Organic Matter of Peat and Other Organic Soils, approved May 29,
1987. (reapproved 1995)
ASTM D 2488-93, Standard Practice for Description and Identification
of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure), approved September 15, 1993.
ASTM D 1556-90, Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight
of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone Method, approved June 29, 1990.
ASTM D 2167-94, Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight
of Soil in Place by the Rubber Balloon Method, approved March 15,
1994.
ASTM D 2922-91, Standard Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil-
Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth), approved
December 23, 1991.
ASTM D 2937-94, Standard Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by
the Drive-Cylinder Method, approved June 15, 1994.
ASTM D 854-92, Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity of Soils,
approved November 15, 1992.
ASTM D 2216-92, Standard Method for Laboratory Determination of
Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock, approved June 15, 1992.
ASTM D 4959-89, Standard Test Method for Determination of Water
(Moisture) Content of Soil by Direct Heating Method, approved June 30,
1989 (reapproved 1994).
ASTM D 4643-93, Standard Test Method for Determination of Water
(Moisture) Content of Soil by the Microwave Oven Method, approved
July 15, 1993.
ASTM D 5084-90, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Hydraulic
Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall
Permeameter, approved June 29, 1990.
ASTM D 422-63, Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of
Soils, approved November 21, 1963 (reapproved 1990).
ASTM D 1140-92, Standard Test Method for Amount of Material in
Soils Finer than the No. 200 (75 um) Sieve, approved November 15,
1992.
16
ASTM D 3017-88, Standard Test Method for Water Content of Soil and
Rock in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth), approved May 27,
1988.
ASTM D 4525-90, Standard Test Method for Permeability of Rocks by
Flowing Air, approved May 25, 1990.
ASTM D 2487-93, Standard Test Method for Classification of Soils for
Engineering Purposes, approved September 15, 1993.
ASTM E 1527-93, Standard Practice for Environmental Site
Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process, approved
March 15, 1993. Vol. 11.04.
ASTM E 1739-95, Standard Guide for Risk-Based Corrective Action
Applied at Petroleum Release Sites, approved September 10, 1995.
Barnes, Donald G. and Dourson, Michael. (1988). Reference Dose (RfD):
Description and Use in Health Risk Assessments.
Regulatory Toxicology and
Pharmacology
. 8, 471-486.
GPO. Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC 20401, (202) 783-3238.
USEPA Guidelines for Carcinogenic Risk Assessment, 51 Fed. Reg.
33992-34003, (September 24, 1986).
"Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical
Methods," U.S. EPA Publication number SW-846 (Third Edition,
November, 1986), as amended by Updates I and IIA (Document Number
955-001-00000-1)(contact U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste, for Update
IIA).
"Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking
Water", EPA Publication No. EPA/600/4-88/039 (December 1988
(Revised July 1991)).
"Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking
Water, Supplement II", EPA Publication No. EPA/600/R-92/129
(August 1992).
"Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking
Water, Supplement III", EPA Publication No. EPA/600/R-95/131
(August 1995).
17
IRIS. Integrated Risk Information System, National Center for Environmental
Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther
King Drive, MS-190, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268 (513) 569-7254.
"Reference Dose (RfD): Description and Use in Health Risk
Assessments", Background Document 1A, (March 15, 1993).
"EPA Approach for Assessing the Risks Associated with Chronic
Exposures to Carcinogens", Background Document 2, (January 17,
1992).
Nelson, D.W., and L.E. Sommers. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and
organic matter. In: A.L. Page (ed.),
Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2.
Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd Edition
, p.p. 539-579,
American Society of Agronomy. Madison, WI.
NTIS. National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road,
Springfield, VA 22161, (703) 487-4600.
"Dermal Exposure Assessment: Principals and Applications", EPA
Publication No. EPA/600/8-91/011B, (January 1992).
"Exposure Factors Handbook", EPA Publication No. EPA/600/8-
89/043, (July 1989).
"Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, Vol. I; Human Health
Evaluation Manual, Supplemental Guidance: Standard Default Exposure
Factors", OSWER Directive 9285.6-03, (March 1991).
"Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, Volume I; Human Health
Evaluation Manual (Part A)", Interim Final, EPA Publication No.
EPA/540/1-89/002, (December 1989).
"Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, Volume I; Human Health
Evaluation Manual, Supplemental Guidance, Dermal Risk Assessment
Interim Guidance", Draft, (August 18, 1992).
"Soil Screening Guidance: Technical Background Document", EPA
Publication No. EPA/540/R-95/128, PB96-963502 (May 1996).
"Soil Screening Guidance: User's Guide", EPA Publication No.
EPA/540/R-96/018, PB96-963505 (April 1996).
"Superfund Exposure Assessment Manual", EPA Publication No.
EPA/540/1-88/001, (April 1988).
18
RCRA Facility Investigation Guidance, Interim Final, developed by USEPA
(EPA 530/SW-89-031), 4 volumes, May 1989.
b)
CFR (Code of Federal Regulations). Available from the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (202)
783-3238:
40 CFR 761.120 (1993).
c)
This Section incorporates no later editions or amendments.
Section 742.215
Determination of Soil Attenuation Capacity
a)
The concentrations of organic contaminants of concern remaining in the soil
shall not exceed the attenuation capacity of the soil, as determined under
subsection (b) of this Section.
b)
The soil attenuation capacity is not exceeded if:
1)
The sum of the organic contaminant residual concentrations analyzed for
the purposes of the remediation program for which the analysis is
performed, at each discrete sampling point, is less than the natural
organic carbon fraction of the soil. If the information relative to the
concentration of other organic contaminants is available, such
information shall be included in the sum. The natural organic carbon
fraction (foc) shall be either:
A)
A default value of 6000 mg/kg for soils within the top meter and
2000 mg/kg for soils below one meter of the surface; or
B)
A site-specific value as measured by ASTM D2974-87, Nelson
and Sommers, or by SW-846 Method 9060, as incorporated by
reference in Section 742.210.
2)
The total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration is less than the natural
organic carbon fraction of the soil as demonstrated using a method
approved by the Agency. The method selected shall be appropriate for
the contaminants of concern to be addressed; or
3)
Another method, approved by the Agency, shows that the soil
attenuation capacity is not exceeded.
Section 742.220
Determination of Soil Saturation Limit
a)
For any organic contaminant that has a melting point below 30
0
C, the
remediation objective for the inhalation exposure route developed under Tier 2
19
or Tier 3 shall not exceed the soil saturation limit, as determined under
subsection (c) of this Section.
b)
For any organic contaminant, the remediation objective under Tier 2 or Tier 3
for the migration to groundwater portion of the groundwater ingestion exposure
route shall not exceed the soil saturation limit, as determined under subsection
(c) of this Section.
c)
The soil saturation limit shall be:
1)
The value listed in Appendix A, Table A for that specific contaminant;
2)
A value derived from Equation S29 in Appendix C, Table A; or
3)
A value derived from another method approved by the Agency.
Section 742.225
Determination of Compliance with Remediation Objectives
a)
Compliance with groundwater remediation objectives developed under Subparts
D through F and H through I shall be determined by comparing the contaminant
concentrations of discrete samples at each sample point to the applicable
groundwater remediation objective. Sample points shall be determined by the
program under which remediation is performed.
b)
Unless the person elects to composite samples or average sampling results as
provided in subsections (c) and (d) of this Section, compliance with soil
remediation objectives developed under Subparts D through G and I shall be
determined by comparing the contaminant concentrations of discrete samples to
the applicable soil remediation objective. Compliance is achieved if each
sample result does not exceed that respective remediation objective.
1)
Except as provided in subsections (c) and (d) of this Section,
compositing of samples is not allowed.
2)
Except as provided in subsection (c) and (d) of this Section, averaging of
sample results is not allowed.
3)
Notwithstanding subsections (c) and (d) of this Section, compositing of
samples and averaging of sample results is not allowed for the
construction worker population.
4)
The number of sampling points required to demonstrate compliance is
determined by the requirements applicable to the program under which
remediation is performed.
20
c)
If a person chooses to composite soil samples or average soil sample results to
determine compliance relative to the migration to groundwater portion of the
groundwater ingestion exposure route, the following requirements apply:
1)
A minimum of two sampling locations for every 0.5 acre of
contaminated area is required, with discrete samples at each sample
location obtained at every two feet of depth, beginning at six inches
below the ground surface and continuing through the zone of
contamination. Alternatively, a sampling method may be approved by
the Agency based on an appropriately designed site-specific evaluation.
Samples obtained at or below the water table shall not be used in
compositing or averaging.
2)
For contaminants of concern other than volatile organic contaminants:
A)
Discrete samples from the same boring may be composited.
B)
Discrete sample results from the same boring may be averaged.
3)
For volatile organic contaminants:
A)
Compositing of samples is not allowed.
B)
Discrete sample results from the same boring may be averaged.
d)
If a person chooses to composite soil samples or average soil sample results to
determine compliance relative to the inhalation exposure route or the soil
ingestion exposure route, the following requirements apply:
1)
Unless an alternative method is approved by the Agency, a minimum of
twenty-four (24) aliquots per 0.5 acre, to be collected within the area of
contamination, is required. No more than 6 aliquots of equal volume
shall be composited into one sample. Samples composited must be
located proximate to each other. Each discrete sample shall be obtained
at a depth of one foot or less.
2)
Unless an alternative method is approved by the Agency based on an
appropriately designed site-specific evaluation, for contaminants of
concern other than volatile organic contaminants:
A)
Each 0.5 acre portion of contaminated area of a site may be
divided into quadrants of equal size and shape. The samples
within the quadrant may be composited.
B)
Averaging of sample results taken from separate quadrants is not
allowed.
21
3)
For volatile organic contaminants compositing of samples is not allowed.
Discrete sample results from the same quadrant may be averaged.
e)
For purposes of calculating averages under this subsection, if no more than 50
percent of sample results are reported as "non-detect", "no contamination",
"below detection limits", or similar terms, such results shall be included in the
averaging calculation as one-half of the reported analytical detection limit for the
contaminant. If more than 50 percent of sample results are "non-detect",
another procedure acceptable to the Agency may be used to determine an
average.
f)
A person may propose an alternative method for determining compliance with
remediation objectives.
Section 742.230
Agency Review and Approval
a)
Documents and requests filed with the Agency under this Part shall be submitted
in accordance with the procedures applicable to the program under which
remediation is performed.
b)
Agency review and approval of documents and requests under this Part shall be
performed in accordance with the procedures applicable to the program under
which the remediation is performed (e.g., 35 Ill. Adm. Code 732, Subpart E for
petroleum leaking underground storage tanks).
SUBPART C: EXPOSURE ROUTE EVALUATIONS
Section 742.300
General
This Subpart sets forth requirements to demonstrate that an actual or potential impact to a
receptor or potential receptor from a contaminant of concern can be excluded from
consideration from one or more exposure routes. As an alternative to the use of the
requirements in this Part, a person may use the procedures for evaluation of exposure routes
under Tier 3 as set forth in Section 742.925. If an evaluation under this Part demonstrates the
applicable requirements for excluding an exposure route are met, then the exposure route is
excluded from consideration and no remediation objectives need be developed for that
exposure route.
a)
No exposure route may be excluded from consideration until characterization of
the extent and concentrations of contaminants of concern at a site has been
performed. The actual steps and methods taken to characterize a site shall be
determined by the requirements under which the site remediation is being
addressed.
22
b)
The inhalation exposure route may be excluded from consideration if the
requirements of Sections 742.305 and 742.310 are met.
c)
The soil ingestion exposure route may be excluded from consideration if the
requirements of Sections 742.305 and 742.315 are met.
d)
The groundwater ingestion exposure route may be excluded from consideration
if the requirements of Sections 742.305 and 742.320 are met.
Section 742.305
Contaminant Source and Free Product Determination
No exposure route shall be excluded from consideration relative to a contaminant of concern
unless the following requirements are met:
a)
The sum of the concentrations of all organic contaminants of concern shall not
exceed the attenuation capacity of the soil as determined under Section 742.215;
b)
The concentrations of any organic contaminants of concern remaining in the soil
shall not exceed the soil saturation limit as determined under Section 742.220;
c)
Any soil which contains contaminants of concern shall not exhibit any of the
characteristics of reactivity for hazardous waste as determined under 35 Ill.
Adm. Code 721.123;
d)
Any soil which contains contaminants of concern shall not exhibit a pH less than
or equal to 2.0 or greater than or equal to 12.5, as determined by SW-846
Method 9040B for soils with 20 percent or greater aqueous (moisture) content or
by SW-846 Method 9045C for soils with less than 20 percent aqueous
(moisture) content as incorporated by reference in Section 742.210; and
e)
Any soil which contains contaminants of concern in the following list of
inorganic chemicals or their salts shall not exhibit any of the characteristics of
toxicity for hazardous waste as determined by 35 Ill. Adm. Code 721.124, or an
alternative method approved by the Agency: arsenic, barium, cadmium,
chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, or silver.
Section 742.310
Inhalation Exposure Route
The inhalation exposure route may be excluded from consideration if:
a)
The requirements of Section 742.305 are met;
b)
An institutional control, in accordance with Subpart J, is in place that meets the
following requirements:
23
1)
Requires compliance with the requirements of subsection (c) of this
Section; and
2)
Requires safety precautions for construction worker populations (e.g.,
use of appropriate personal protective equipment, if applicable).
c)
1)
The concentration of any contaminant of concern within ten feet of the
land surface or within ten feet of any man-made pathway shall not
exceed the Tier 1 remediation objective under Subpart E for the
inhalation exposure route; or
2)
An engineered barrier, as set forth in Subpart K and approved by the
Agency, is in place.
Section 742.315
Soil Ingestion Exposure Route
The soil ingestion exposure route may be excluded from consideration if:
a)
The requirements of Section 742.305 are met;
b)
An institutional control, in accordance with Subpart J, is in place that meets the
following requirements:
1)
Requires compliance with the requirements of subsection (c) of this
Section; and
2)
Requires safety precautions for construction worker populations (e.g.,
use of appropriate personal protective equipment, if applicable).
c)
1)
The concentration of any contaminant of concern within three feet of the
land surface shall not exceed the Tier 1 remediation objective under
Subpart E for the ingestion of soil exposure route; or
2)
An engineered barrier, as set forth in Subpart K and approved by the
Agency, is in place.
Section 742.320
Groundwater Ingestion Exposure Route
The groundwater ingestion exposure route may be excluded from consideration if:
a)
The requirements of Section 742.305 are met;
b)
The source of the release is not located within the minimum or maximum
setback zone of a potable water supply well nor within a regulated recharge area
of a potable water supply well;
24
c)
As demonstrated in accordance with Subpart J, for any area within 2500 feet
from the source of the release, an ordinance adopted by a unit of local
government that effectively prohibits the use of groundwater as a potable supply
of water, except at points of withdrawal by the unit of local government, is in
place;
d)
As demonstrated using Equation R26, in Appendix C, Table C, in accordance
with Section 742.810, the concentration of any contaminant of concern in
groundwater within the minimum or maximum setback zone of an existing water
supply well will meet the applicable Tier 1 groundwater remediation objective;
and
e)
As demonstrated using Equation R26, in Appendix C, Table C, in accordance
with Section 742.810, the concentration of any contaminant of concern in
groundwater discharging into a surface water will meet the applicable surface
water quality standard under 35 Ill. Adm. Code 302.
25
SUBPART D: DETERMINING AREA BACKGROUND
Section 742.400
General
This Subpart provides procedures for determining area background concentrations for
contaminants of concern. Except as described in Section 742.415(c) of this Subpart, area
background concentrations may be used as remediation objectives for contaminants of concern
at a site.
Section 742.405
Determination of Area Background for Soil
a)
Soil sampling results shall be obtained for purposes of determining area
background levels in accordance with the following procedures:
1)
For volatile organic contaminants, sample results shall be based on
discrete samples;
2)
Unless an alternative method is approved by the Agency, for
contaminants other than volatile organic contaminants, sample results
shall be based on discrete samples or composite samples. If a person
elects to use composite samples, each 0.5 acre of the area to be sampled
shall be divided into quadrants and 5 aliquots of equal volume per
quadrant shall be composited into 1 sample;
3)
Samples shall be collected from similar depths and soil types, which
shall be consistent with the depths and soil types in which contaminant
maxima are found in the areas of known or suspected releases; and
4)
Samples shall be collected from areas of the site or adjacent to the site
that are unaffected by releases at the site.
b)
Area background shall be determined according to one of the following
procedures:
1)
Statewide Background Approach:
A)
The maximum value of the range of concentrations of inorganic
chemicals in background soils listed in Appendix A, Table F may
be used as the upper limit of the area background concentration
for the site. The first column to the right of the chemical name
presents the range of concentrations of inorganic chemicals in
background soils for counties within Metropolitan Statistical
Areas. Counties within Metropolitan Statistical Areas are
identified in Appendix A, Table F, Footnote a. Sites located in
counties outside Metropolitan Statistical Areas shall use the range
26
of concentrations of inorganic chemicals in background soils
shown in the second column to the right of the chemical name.
B)
Soil area background concentrations determined according to this
statewide background approach shall be used as provided in
Section 742.415(b)(1). For each parameter whose sampling
results demonstrate concentrations above those in Appendix A,
Table F, the person shall develop appropriate soil remediation
objectives in accordance with this Part, or may determine area
background in accordance with the procedures specified in this
Section.
2)
A statistically valid approach for determining area background
concentrations appropriate for the characteristics of the data set, and
approved by the Agency.
Section 742.410
Determination of Area Background for Groundwater
a)
Groundwater sampling results shall be obtained for purposes of determining area
background in accordance with the following procedures:
1)
Samples shall be collected from areas of the site or adjacent to the site
that are unaffected by releases at the site;
2)
The background monitoring wells, as determined in consultation with the
Agency, shall be sufficient in number to account for the spatial and
temporal variability, size, and number of known or suspected off-site
releases of contaminants of concern, and the hydrogeological setting of
the site;
3)
The samples shall be collected in consecutive quarters for a minimum of
one year for each well or another sample schedule approved by the
Agency;
4)
The samples shall be collected from the same stratigraphic unit(s) as the
groundwater contamination at the site; and
5)
The background monitoring wells shall be located hydraulically
upgradient from the release(s) of contaminants of concern, unless the
Agency approves that the upgradient location is undefinable or
infeasible.
b)
Area background shall be determined according to one of the following
procedures:
1)
Prescriptive Approach
27
A)
If more than 15 percent of the groundwater sampling results for a
chemical obtained in accordance with Section 742.410(a) are less
than the appropriate detection limit for that chemical, the
Prescriptive Approach may not be used for that chemical. If 15
percent or less of the sampling results are less than the
appropriate detection limit, a concentration equal to one-half the
detection limit shall be used for that chemical in the calculations
contained in this Prescriptive Approach.
B)
The groundwater sampling results obtained in accordance with
Section 742.410(a) shall be used to determine if the sample set is
normally distributed. The Shapiro-Wilk Test of Normality shall
be used, if the sample set for the background well(s) contains 50
or less samples, to determine whether the sample set is normally
distributed. Values necessary for the Shapiro-Wilk Test shall be
determined using Appendix A, Tables E and F.
If the computed value of W is greater than the 5 percent Critical
Value in Appendix A, Table D, the sample set shall be assumed
to be normally distributed, and the Prescriptive Approach is
allowed. If the computed value of W is less than 5 percent
Critical Value in Appendix A, Table D, the sample set shall be
assumed to not be normally distributed, and the Prescriptive
Approach shall not be used.
C)
If the sample set contains at least ten sample results, the Upper
Tolerance Limit (UTL) of a normally distributed sample set may
be calculated using the mean (x) and standard derration (s), from:
UTL = x + (K
•
s),
where K = the one-sided normal tolerance factor for estimating
the 95 percent upper confidence limit of the 95th percentile of a
normal distribution. Values for K shall be determined using
Appendix A, Table B.
D)
If the sample set contains at least ten sample results, the UTL
shall be the upper limit of the area background concentration for
the site. If the sample set contains less than ten sample results,
the maximum value of the sample set shall be the upper limit of
the area background concentration for the site.
E)
This Prescriptive Approach shall not be used for determining area
background for the parameter pH.
28
2)
Another statistically valid approach for determining area background
concentrations appropriate for the characteristics of the data set, and
approved by the Agency.
Section 742.415
Use of Area Background Concentrations
a)
A person may request that area background concentrations determined pursuant
to Sections 742.405 and 742.410 be used according to the provisions of Section
742.415(b). Such request shall address the following:
1)
The natural or man-made pathways of any suspected off-site
contamination reaching the site;
2)
Physical and chemical properties of suspected off-site contaminants of
concern reaching the site; and
3)
The location and justification of all background sampling points.
b)
Except as specified in Section 742.415(c), area background concentrations may
be used as follows:
1)
If determined under Sections 742.405 or 742.410, to support a request to
exclude a chemical as a contaminant of concern from further
consideration for remediation at a site due to its presence as a result of
background conditions; or
2)
If determined under Sections 742.405 or 742.410, as remediation
objectives for contaminants of concern at a site in lieu of remediation
objectives developed pursuant to the other procedures of this Part.
c)
Area background concentrations shall not be used IN THE EVENT THAT THE
AGENCY HAS DETERMINED IN WRITING THAT THE BACKGROUND
LEVEL FOR A REGULATED SUBSTANCE POSES AN ACUTE THREAT
TO HUMAN HEALTH OR THE ENVIRONMENT AT THE SITE WHEN
CONSIDERING THE POST-REMEDIAL ACTION LAND USE. (Section
58.5(b)(3) of the Act)
SUBPART E: TIER 1 EVALUATION
Section 742.500
Introduction
a)
A Tier 1 evaluation compares the concentration of contaminants of concern
detected at a site to the baseline remediation objectives provided in Appendix B,
Tables A, B, C, D, and E. Use of Tier 1 remediation objectives requires only
limited site-specific information: concentrations of contaminants of concern,
29
groundwater classification, land use classification, and, if appropriate, soil pH
(see Appendix B, Illustration A).
b)
Although Tier 1 allows for differentiation between residential and
industrial/commercial property use of a site, institutional controls under Subpart
J are required where remediation objectives are based on an
industrial/commercial property use.
c)
Any given exposure route is not a concern if the concentrations of contaminants
of concern detected at the site are all below the Tier 1 values of that given route.
In such cases, no further evaluation of that route is necessary.
Section 742.505
Tier 1 Soil and Groundwater Remediation Objectives
a)
Soil
1)
Inhalation Exposure Route
A)
The Tier 1 soil remediation objectives for this exposure route
based upon residential property use are listed in Appendix B,
Table A.
B)
The Tier 1 soil remediation objectives for this exposure route
based upon industrial/commercial property use are listed in
Appendix B, Table B. Soil remediation objective determinations
relying on this table require use of institutional controls in
accordance with Subpart J.
2)
Ingestion Exposure Route
A)
The Tier 1 soil remediation objectives for this exposure route
based upon residential property use are listed in Appendix B,
Table A.
B)
The Tier 1 soil remediation objectives for this exposure route
based upon industrial/commercial property use are listed in
Appendix B, Table B. Soil remediation objective determinations
relying on this table require use of institutional controls in
accordance with Subpart J.
3)
Migration to Groundwater Portion of the Groundwater Ingestion Route
A)
The Tier 1 soil remediation objectives for this exposure route
based upon residential property use are listed in Appendix B,
Table A.
30
B)
The Tier 1 soil remediation objectives for this exposure route
based upon industrial/commercial property use are listed in
Appendix B, Table B.
C)
The pH-dependent Tier 1 soil remediation objectives for
identified ionizable organics or inorganics for the migration to
groundwater portion of the groundwater ingestion exposure route
(based on the total amount of contaminants present in the soil
sample results and groundwater classification) are provided in
Appendix B, Tables C and D.
4)
Evaluation of the dermal contact with soil exposure route is not required
under Tier 1.
b)
Groundwater
1)
The Tier 1 groundwater remediation objectives for the direct ingestion of
groundwater portion of the groundwater ingestion route are listed in
Appendix B, Table E.
2)
The Tier 1 groundwater remediation objectives for this exposure route
are given for Class I and Class II groundwaters, respectively.
Section 742.510
Tables
a)
Soil remediation objectives are listed in Appendix B, Tables A, B, C, and D.
1)
Appendix B, Table A is based upon residential property use.
A)
The first column to the right of the chemical name lists soil
remediation objectives for the soil ingestion exposure route.
B)
The second column lists the soil remediation objectives for the
inhalation exposure route.
C)
The third and fourth columns list soil remediation objectives for
the migration to groundwater portion of the groundwater
ingestion exposure route for the respective classes of
groundwater:
i)
Class I groundwater
ii)
Class II groundwater
D)
The final column is the Acceptable Detection Limit (ADL), only
where applicable.
31
2)
Appendix B, Table B is based upon industrial/commercial property use.
A)
The first and third columns to the right of the chemical name list
the soil remediation objectives for the soil ingestion exposure
route based on two receptor populations:
i)
Industrial/commercial population
ii)
Construction worker population
B)
The second and fourth columns to the right of the chemical name
list the soil remediation objectives for the inhalation exposure
route based on two receptor populations:
i)
Industrial/commercial population
ii)
Construction worker population
C)
The fifth and sixth columns to the right of the chemical name list
the soil remediation objectives for the migration to groundwater
portion of the groundwater ingestion exposure route based on
TCLP analyses for two classes of groundwater:
i)
Class I groundwater
ii)
Class II groundwater
3)
For those chemicals listed in Appendix B, Tables C and D, if a person
elects to evaluate the migration to groundwater portion of the
groundwater ingestion exposure route based on the total amount of
contaminant in a soil sample result (rather than TCLP analysis), the
person shall determine the soil pH at the site and then select the
appropriate soil remediation objectives based on Class I and Class II
groundwaters using Tables C and D, respectively. If the soil pH is less
than 4.5 or greater than 8.0, then Tables C and D cannot be used.
4)
Unless one or more exposure routes are excluded from consideration
under Subpart C, the most stringent soil remediation objective of the
exposure routes (i.e., soil ingestion exposure route, inhalation exposure
route, and migration to groundwater portion of the groundwater
ingestion exposure route) shall be compared to the concentrations of soil
contaminants of concern measured at the site. When using Appendix B,
Table B to select soil remediation objectives for the ingestion exposure
route and inhalation exposure route, the remediation objective shall be
32
the more stringent soil remediation objective of the industrial/commercial
populations and construction worker populations.
5)
Confirmation sample results may be averaged or soil samples may be
composited in accordance with Section 742.225.
6)
If a soil remediation objective for a chemical is less than the ADL, the
ADL shall serve as the soil remediation objective.
b)
Groundwater remediation objectives for the direct ingestion of groundwater
portion of the groundwater ingestion exposure route are listed in Appendix B,
Table E.
1)
The first column to the right of the chemical name lists groundwater
remediation objectives for Class I groundwater, and the second column
lists the groundwater remediation objectives for Class II groundwater.
2)
To use Table E, the Part 620 classification for groundwater at the site
shall be determined. The concentrations of groundwater contaminants of
concern at the site are compared to the applicable Tier 1 groundwater
remediation objectives for the direct ingestion of groundwater portion of
the groundwater ingestion exposure route in Appendix B, Table E.
Appendix D describes the procedures to be used in determining whether
groundwater is Class II.
c)
For contaminants of concern not listed in Appendix B, Tables A, B, and E, a
person may request site-specific remediation objectives from the Agency or
propose site-specific remediation objectives in accordance with 35 Ill. Adm.
Code 620, Subpart I, or both.
SUBPART F: TIER 2 GENERAL EVALUATION
Section 742.600
Introduction
a)
Tier 2 remediation objectives are developed through the use of equations which
allow site-specific data to be used (see Appendix C, Illustrations A and B). The
equations identified in Appendix C, Tables A and C may be used to develop
Tier 2 remediation objectives.
b)
Tier 2 evaluation is only required for contaminants of concern and
corresponding exposure routes (except where excluded from further
consideration under Subpart C) exceeding the Tier 1 remediation objectives.
When conducting Tier 2 evaluations, the values used in the calculations must
have the appropriate units of measure as identified in Appendix C, Tables B and
D.
33
c)
Any development of remediation objectives using site-specific information or
equations outside the Tier 2 framework shall be evaluated under Tier 3.
d)
In conducting a Tier 2 evaluation, the following conditions shall be met:
1)
For each discrete sample, the total soil contaminant concentration of
either a single contaminant or multiple contaminants of concern shall not
exceed the attenuation capacity of the soil as provided in Section
742.215.
2)
Remediation objectives for noncarcinogenic compounds which affect the
same target organ shall meet the requirements of Section 742.610.
3)
The soil remediation objectives based on the inhalation and migration to
groundwater portion of the groundwater ingestion exposure routes shall
not exceed the soil saturation limit as provided in Section 742.220.
e)
If the calculated Tier 2 soil remediation objective for an applicable exposure
route is more stringent than the corresponding Tier 1 remediation objective,
then the Tier 1 remediation objective applies.
f)
If the calculated Tier 2 soil remediation objective for an exposure route is more
stringent than the Tier 1 soil remediation objective(s) for the other exposure
routes, then the Tier 2 calculated soil remediation objective applies and Tier 2
soil remediation objectives for the other exposure routes are not required.
g)
If the calculated Tier 2 soil remediation objective is less stringent than one or
more of the soil remediation objectives for the remaining exposure routes, then
the Tier 2 values are calculated for the remaining exposure route(s) and the most
stringent Tier 2 calculated value applies.
Section 742.605
Land Use
a)
Present and post-remediation land use is evaluated in a Tier 2 evaluation.
Acceptable exposure factors for the Tier 2 evaluation for residential,
industrial/commercial, and construction worker populations are provided in the
far right column of both Appendix C, Tables B and D. Use of exposure factors
different from those in Appendix C, Tables B and D must be approved by the
Agency as part of a Tier 3 evaluation.
b)
If a Tier 2 evaluation is based on an industrial/commercial property use, then:
1)
Construction worker populations shall also be evaluated; and
2)
Institutional controls are required in accordance with Subpart J.
34
Section 742.610
Chemicals with Cumulative Noncarcinogenic Effects
Appendix A, Table E lists the groups of chemicals from Appendix B, Tables A and B that have
remediation objectives based on noncarcinogenic toxicity and that affect the same target organ.
If more than one chemical detected at a site affects the same target organ (i.e., has the same
critical effect as defined by the RfD), the initially calculated remediation value for each
chemical in the group shall be corrected for cumulative effects by one of the following two
methods:
a)
Calculate the weighted average using the following equations:
x
CUO
x
CUO
x
CUO
x
CUO
x
x
x
a
x
a
1
2
3
1
2
3
+
+
+
+
where:
x
1
through x
a
=
Concentration of each individual contaminant at
the location of concern. Note that, depending on
the target organ/mode of action, the actual number
of contaminants will range from 2 to 14.
CUO
x
a
=
A Tier 2 remediation objective must be developed
for each x
a
.
If the value of the weighted average calculated in accordance with the equations
above is less than or equal to 1.0, then the remediation objectives are met for
those chemicals.
If the value of the weighted average calculated in accordance with the equations
above is greater than 1.0, then additional remediation must be carried out until
the level of contaminants remaining in the remediated area have a weighted
average calculated in accordance with the equation above less than or equal to
one;
b)
Divide each individual chemical's remediation objective by the number of
chemicals in that specific target organ group that were detected at the site. Each
of the contaminant concentrations at the site is then compared to the remediation
objectives that have been adjusted to account for this potential additivity. For
the noncarcinogenic contaminants listed in Appendix A, Table E, a respective
soil remediation objective need be no lower than the respective value listed in
Appendix B, Tables A or B.
Section 742.615
Chemical and Site Properties
a)
Physical and Chemical Properties of Contaminants
35
Tier 2 evaluations require information on the physical and chemical properties
of the contaminants of concern. The physical and chemical properties used in a
Tier 2 evaluation are contained in Appendix C, Table E. If the site has
contaminants not included in this table, a person may request the Agency to
provide the applicable physical and chemical input values or may propose input
values under Subpart I. If a person proposes to apply values other than those in
Appendix C, Table E, or those provided by the Agency, the evaluation shall be
considered under Tier 3.
b)
Soil and Groundwater Parameters
1)
A Tier 2 evaluation requires examination of soil and groundwater
parameters. The parameters that may be varied, and the conditions
under which these parameters are determined as part of Tier 2, are
summarized in Appendix C, Tables B and D. If a person proposes to
vary site-specific parameters outside of the framework of these tables,
the evaluation shall be considered under Tier 3.
2)
To determine site-specific physical soil parameters, a minimum of one
boring per 0.5 acre of contamination shall be collected. This boring
must be deep enough to allow the collection of the required field
measurements. The site-specific physical soil parameters must be
determined from the portion of the boring representing the stratigraphic
unit(s) being evaluated. For example, if evaluating the migration to
groundwater portion of the groundwater ingestion exposure route, two
samples from the boring will be required:
A)
A sample of the predominant soil type for the vadose zone; and
B)
A sample of the predominant soil type for the saturated zone.
3)
A site-specific SSL dilution factor (used in developing soil remediation
objectives based upon the protection of groundwater) may be determined
by substituting site information in Equation S22 in Appendix C, Table
A. To make this demonstration, a minimum of three (3) monitoring
wells shall be used to determine the hydraulic gradient. As an
alternative, the default dilution factor value listed in Appendix C, Table
B is used. If monitoring wells are used to determine the hydraulic
gradient, the soil taken from the borings shall be visually inspected to
ensure there are no significant differences in the stratigraphy. If there are
similar soil types in the field, one boring shall be used to determine the
site-specific physical soil parameters. If there are significant differences,
all of the borings shall be evaluated before determining the site-specific
physical soil parameters for the site.
36
4)
Not all of the parameters identified in Appendix C, Tables B and D need
to be determined on a site-specific basis. A person may choose to collect
partial site-specific information and use default values as listed in
Appendix C, Tables B and D for the rest of the parameters.
5)
Appendix D describes the procedures to be used in determining whether
groundwater is Class II.
SUBPART G: TIER 2 SOIL EVALUATION
Section 742.700
Overview
a)
Tier 2 remediation objectives are developed through the use of models which
allow site-specific data to be considered. Appendix C, Tables A and C list
equations that shall be used under a Tier 2 evaluation to calculate soil
remediation objectives prescribed by SSL and RBCA models, respectively (see
also Appendix C, Illustration A).
b)
Appendix C, Table A lists equations that are used under the SSL model (see also
Appendix C, Illustration A). The SSL model has equations to evaluate the
following human exposure routes:
1)
Soil ingestion exposure route;
2)
Inhalation exposure route for:
A)
Volatiles
B)
Fugitive dust; and
3)
Migration to groundwater portion of the groundwater ingestion exposure
route.
c)
Evaluation of the dermal exposure route is not required under the SSL model.
d)
Appendix C, Table C lists equations that are used under the RBCA model (see
also Appendix C, Illustration A). The RBCA model has equations to evaluate
human exposure based on the following:
1)
The combined exposure routes of inhalation of vapors and particulates,
soil ingestion, and dermal contact with soil;
2)
The ambient vapor inhalation (outdoor) route from subsurface soils;
3)
Migration to groundwater portion of the groundwater ingestion route;
and
37
4)
Groundwater ingestion exposure route.
e)
The equations in either Appendix C, Tables A or C may be used to calculate
remediation objectives for each contaminant of concern under Tier 2, if the
following requirements are met:
1)
The Tier 2 soil remediation objectives for the ingestion and inhalation
exposure routes shall use the applicable equations from the same
approach (i.e., SSL equations in Appendix C, Table C).
2)
The equations used to calculate soil remediation objectives for the
migration to groundwater portion of the groundwater ingestion exposure
route are not dependent on the approach utilized to calculate soil
remediation objectives for the other exposure routes. For example, it is
acceptable to use the SSL equations for calculating Tier 2 soil
remediation objectives for the ingestion and inhalation exposure routes,
and the RBCA equations for calculating Tier 2 soil remediation
objectives for the migration to groundwater portion of the groundwater
ingestion exposure route.
3)
Combining equations from Appendix C, Tables A and C to form a new
model is not allowed. In addition, Appendix C, Tables A and C must
use their own applicable parameters identified in Appendix C, Tables B
and D, respectively.
f)
In calculating soil remediation objectives for industrial/commercial property
use, applicable calculations shall be performed twice: once using
industrial/commercial population default values and once using construction
worker population default values. The more stringent soil remediation
objectives derived from these calculations must be used for further Tier 2
evaluations.
g)
Tier 2 datasheets provided by the Agency shall be used to present calculated
Tier 2 remediation objectives, if required by the particular program for which
remediation is being performed.
h)
The RBCA equations which rely on the parameter Soil Water Sorption
Coefficient (k
s
) can only be used for ionizing organics and inorganics by
substituting values for k
s
from Appendix C, Tables I and J, respectively. This
will also require the determination of a site-specific value for soil pH.
Section 742.705
Parameters for Soil Remediation Objective Equations
a)
Appendix C, Tables B and D list the input parameters for the SSL and RBCA
equations, respectively. The first column lists each symbol as it is presented in
38
the equation. The next column defines the parameters. The third column shows
the units for the parameters. The fourth column identifies where information on
the parameters can be obtained (i.e., field measurement, applicable equation(s),
reference source, or default value). The last column identifies how the
parameters can be generated. A discussion of each parameter group follows.
b)
Default Values
Default values are numerical values specified for use in the Tier 2 equations.
The fourth column of Appendix C, Tables B and D denotes if the default values
are from the SSL model, RBCA model, or some other source. The last column
of Appendix C, Tables B and D lists the numerical values for the default values
used in the SSL and RBCA equations, respectively.
c)
Site-specific Information
Site-specific information is a parameter measured, obtained, or determined from
the site to calculate Tier 2 remediation objectives. The fourth column of
Appendix C, Tables B and D identifies those site-specific parameters that may
require direct field measurement. For some parameters, numerical default
inputs have been provided in the last column
of Appendix C, Tables B and D to
substitute for site-specific information. In some cases, information on the
receptor or soil type is required to select the applicable numerical default inputs.
Site-specific information includes:
1)
Physical soil parameters identified in Appendix C, Table F. The second
column identifies the location where the sample is to be collected.
Acceptable methods for measuring or calculating these soil parameters
are identified in the last column of Appendix C, Table F.
2)
Engineered barriers or institutional controls which can affect the target
cancer risk. Subparts J and K describe applicable institutional controls
and engineered barriers under a Tier 2 evaluation.
3)
Receptor classification (i.e., residential, industrial/commercial, and
construction worker populations).
d)
Toxicological-specific Information
1)
Toxicological-specific information is used to calculate Tier 2 remediation
objectives for the following parameters:
A)
Oral Chronic Reference Dose (RfD
o
, expressed in mg/kg-d)
39
B)
Oral Subchronic Reference Dose (RfD
s
, expressed in mg/kg-d,
shall be used for construction worker remediation objective
calculations)
C)
Oral Slope Factor (SF
o
, expressed in (mg/kg-d)
-1
)
D)
Inhalation Unit Risk Factor (URF expressed in (ug/m
3
)
-1
)
E)
Inhalation Chronic Reference Concentration (RfC, expressed in
mg/m
3
)
F)
Inhalation Subchronic Reference Concentration (RfC
s
, expressed
in mg/m
3
, shall be used for construction worker remediation
objective calculations)
G)
Inhalation Chronic Reference Dose (RfD
i
, expressed in mg/kg-d)
H)
Inhalation Subchronic Reference Dose (RfD
is
, expressed in
mg/kg-d, shall be used for construction worker remediation
objective calculations)
I)
Inhalation Slope Factor (SF
i
, expressed in (mg/kg-d)
-1
)
2)
Toxicological information can be obtained from IRIS, as incorporated by
reference in Section 742.210, or the program under which the
remediation is being performed.
e)
Chemical-specific Information
Chemical-specific information used to calculate Tier 2 remediation objectives is
listed in Appendix C, Table E.
f)
Calculations
Calculating numerical values for some parameters requires the use of equations
listed in Appendix C, Tables A or C.
The parameters that are calculated are
listed in Appendix C, Tables B and D.
Section 742.710
SSL Soil Equations
a)
This Section sets forth the equations and parameters used to develop Tier 2 soil
remediation objectives for the three exposure routes using the SSL approach.
40
b)
Soil Ingestion Exposure Route
1)
Equations S1 through S3 form the basis for calculating Tier 2
remediation objectives for the soil ingestion exposure route using the
SSL approach. Equation S1 is used to calculate soil remediation
objectives for noncarcinogenic contaminants. Equations S2 and S3 are
used to calculate soil remediation objectives for carcinogenic
contaminants for residential populations and industrial/commercial and
construction worker populations, respectively.
2)
For Equation S1, the SSL default values cannot be modified with site-
specific information.
3)
For Equations S2 and S3, the only parameter that can be modified is the
target cancer risk. A target cancer risk of more than 1 in 1,000,000
may be used if the applicable exposure routes have been managed
through the use of institutional controls. The remaining parameters in
Equations S2 and S3 are default values, and the corresponding numerical
values in Appendix C, Table B must be used to calculate the Tier 2 SSL
ingestion exposure route remediation objectives.
c)
Inhalation Exposure Route
1)
Equations S4 through S16, S26, and S27 are used to calculate Tier 2 soil
remediation objectives for the inhalation exposure route using the SSL
approach. To address this exposure route, volatiles must be evaluated
separately from fugitive dust using their own equations set forth in
subsection (c)(2) and (c)(3) of this Section, respectively.
2)
Volatiles
A)
Equations S4 through S10 are used to calculate Tier 2 soil
remediation objectives for volatile contaminants based on the
inhalation exposure route. Equation S4 is used to calculate soil
remediation objectives for noncarcinogenic volatile contaminants
in soil for residential and industrial/commercial populations.
Equation S5 is used to calculate soil remediation objectives for
noncarcinogenic volatile contaminants in soil for construction
worker populations. Equation S6 is used to calculate soil
remediation objectives for carcinogenic volatile contaminants in
soil for residential and industrial/commercial populations.
Equation S7 is used to calculate soil remediation objectives for
carcinogenic volatile contaminants in soil for construction worker
populations. Equations S8 through S10, S27, and S28 are used
41
for calculating numerical values for some of the parameters in
Equations S4 through S7.
B)
For Equation S4, a numerical value for the Volatilization Factor
(VF) can be calculated in accordance with subsection (c)(2)(F) of
this Section. The remaining parameters in Equation S4 have
either SSL default values listed in Appendix C, Table B or
toxicological-specific information (i.e., RfC), which can be
obtained from IRIS or requested from the program under which
the remediation is being performed.
C)
For Equation S5, a numerical value for the Volatilization Factor
adjusted for Agitation (VF') can be calculated in accordance with
subsection (c)(2)(G) of this Section. The remaining parameters in
Equation S5 have either SSL default values listed in Appendix C,
Table B or toxicological-specific information (i.e., RfC), which
can be obtained from IRIS or requested from the program under
which the remediation is being performed.
D)
For Equation S6, a numerical value for VF can be calculated in
accordance with subsection (c)(2)(F) of this Section. The
remaining parameters in Equation S6 have either default values
listed in Appendix C, Table B or toxicological-specific
information (i.e., URF), which can be obtained from IRIS or
requested from the program under which the remediation is being
performed.
E)
For Equation S7, a numerical value for VF' can be calculated in
accordance with subsection (c)(2)(G) of this Section. The
remaining parameters in Equation S7 have either default values
listed in Appendix C, Table B or toxicological-specific
information (i.e., URF), which can be obtained from IRIS or
requested from the program under which the remediation is being
performed.
F)
The VF can be calculated for residential and
commercial/industrial populations using one of the following
equations based on the information known about the contaminant
source and receptor population:
i)
Equation S8, in conjunction with Equation S10, is used to
calculate VF assuming an infinite source of contamination.
ii)
If the area and depth of the contaminant source are known
or can be estimated reliably, mass limit considerations
may be used to calculate VF using Equation S26.
42
G)
The VF' can be calculated for the construction worker
populations using one of the following equations based on the
information known about the contaminant source:
i)
Equation S9 is used to calculate VF' assuming an infinite
source of contamination.
ii)
If the area and depth of the contaminant source are known
or can be estimated reliably, mass limit considerations
may be used to calculate VF' using Equation S27.
3)
Fugitive Dust
A)
Equations S11 through S16 are used to calculate Tier 2 soil
remediation objectives using the SSL fugitive dust model for the
inhalation exposure route. Equation S11 is used to calculate soil
remediation objectives for noncarcinogenic contaminants in
fugitive dust for residential and industrial/commercial
populations. Equation S12 is used to calculate soil remediation
objectives for noncarcinogenic contaminants in fugitive dust for
construction worker populations. Equation S13 is used to
calculate soil remediation objectives for carcinogenic
contaminants in fugitive dust for residential and
industrial/commercial populations. Equation S14 is used to
calculate soil remediation objectives for carcinogenic
contaminants in fugitive dust for construction worker populations.
Equations S15 and S16 are used for calculating numerical
quantities for some of the parameters in Equations S11 through
S14.
B)
For Equation S11, a numerical value can be calculated for the
Particulate Emission Factor (PEF) using Equation S15. This
equation relies on various input parameters from a variety of
sources. The remaining parameters in Equation S11 have either
SSL default values listed in Appendix C, Table B or
toxicological-specific information (i.e., RfC), which can be
obtained from IRIS or requested from the program under which
the remediation is being performed.
C)
For Equation S12, a numerical value for the Particulate Emission
Factor for Construction Worker (PEF') can be calculated using
Equation S16. The remaining parameters in Equation S12 have
either SSL default values listed in Appendix C, Table B or
toxicological-specific information (i.e., RfC), which can be
43
obtained from IRIS or requested from the program under which
the remediation is being performed.
D)
For Equation S13, a numerical value for PEF can be calculated
using Equation S15. The remaining parameters in Equation S13
have either default values listed in Appendix C, Table B or
toxicological-specific information (i.e., URF), which can be
obtained from IRIS or requested from the program under which
the remediation is being performed.
E)
For Equation S14, a numerical value for PEF' can be calculated
using Equation S16. The remaining parameters in Equation S14
have either default values listed in Appendix C, Table B or
toxicological-specific information (i.e., URF), which can be
obtained from IRIS or requested from the program under which
the remediation is being performed.
d)
Migration to Groundwater Portion of the Groundwater Ingestion Exposure
Route
The Tier 2 remediation objective for the migration to groundwater portion of the
groundwater ingestion exposure route can be calculated using one of the
following equations based on the information known about the contaminant
source and receptor population:
1)
Equation S17 is used to calculate the remediation objective assuming an
infinite source of contamination.
A)
The numerical quantities for four parameters in Equation S17, the
Target Soil Leachate Concentration (C
w
), Soil-Water Partition
Coefficient (K
d
), Water-Filled Soil Porosity (
θ
w
), and Air-Filled
Soil Porosity (
θ
a
) are calculated using Equations S18, S19, S20,
and S21, respectively. Equations S22, S23, S24, and S25 are
also needed to calculate numerical values for Equations S18 and
S21.
B)
The remaining parameters in Equation S17 are Henry's Law
Constant (H'), a chemical specific value listed in Appendix C,
Table E and Dry Soil Bulk Density (
b
), a site-specific based
value listed in Appendix C, Table B.
C)
The default value for GW
obj
is the Tier 1 groundwater objective.
For chemicals for which there is no Tier 1 groundwater
remediation objective, the value for GW
obj
shall be the Health
Advisory concentration determined according to the procedures
specified in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 620, Subpart F. As an alternative
44
to using the Tier 1 groundwater remediation objectives or Health
Advisories, a target risk for carcinogens greater than 1 in
1,000,000 may be used to calculate GW
obj
using Equation S23,
and a Target Hazard Quotient greater than 1.0 may be used to
calculate GW
obj
using the procedures of Subpart I, if approved
institutional controls are in place as may be required in Subpart J.
2)
If the area and depth of the contaminant source are known or can be
estimated reliably, mass limit considerations may be used to calculate the
remediation objective for this exposure route using Equation S28. The
parameters in Equation S28 have default values listed in Appendix C,
Table B.
Section 742.715
RBCA Soil Equations
a)
This Section presents the RBCA model and describes the equations and
parameters used to develop Tier 2 soil remediation objectives.
b)
Ingestion, Inhalation, and Dermal Contact
1)
The two sets of equations in subsection (b)(2) and (b)(3) of this Section
shall be used to generate Tier 2 soil remediation objectives for the
combined ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact with soil exposure
route.
2)
Combined Exposure Routes of Soil Ingestion, Inhalation of Vapors and
Particulates, and Dermal Contact with Soil
A)
Equations R1 and R2 form the basis for deriving Tier 2
remediation objectives for the set of equations that evaluates the
combined exposure routes of soil ingestion, inhalation of vapors
and particulates, and dermal contact with soil using the RBCA
approach. Equation R1 is used to calculate soil remediation
objectives for carcinogenic contaminants. Equation R2 is used to
calculate soil remediation objectives for noncarcinogenic
contaminants. Soil remediation objectives for the ambient vapor
inhalation (outdoor) route from subsurface soils must also be
calculated in accordance with the procedures outlined in
subsection (b)(3) of this Section and compared to the values
generated from Equations R1 or R2. The smaller value (i.e., R1
and R2 compared to R7 and R8, respectively) from these
calculations is the Tier 2 soil remediation objective for the
combined exposure routes of soil ingestion, inhalation, and
dermal contact with soil.
45
B)
In Equation R1, numerical values are calculated for two
parameters:
i)
The volatilization factor for surficial soils (VF
ss
) using
Equations R3 and R4; and
ii)
The volatilization factor for subsurface soils regarding
particulates (VF
p
) using Equation R5.
C)
VF
ss
uses Equations R3 and R4 to derive a numerical value.
Equation R3 requires the use of Equation R6. Both equations
must be used to calculate the VF
ss
. The lowest calculated value
from these equations must be substituted into Equation R1.
D)
The remaining parameters in Equation R1 have either default
values listed in Appendix C, Table D or toxicological-specific
information (i.e., SF
o
, SF
i
), which can be obtained from IRIS or
requested from the program under which the remediation is being
performed.
E)
For Equation R2, the parameters VF
ss
and VF
p
are calculated.
The remaining parameters in Equation R2 have either default
values listed in Appendix C, Table D or toxicological-specific
information (i.e., RfD
o
, RfD
i
) , which can be obtained from IRIS
or requested from the program under which the remediation is
being performed.
F)
For chemicals other than inorganics which do not have default
values for the dermal absorption factor (RAF
d
) in Appendix C,
Table D, a dermal absorption factor of 0.5 shall be used for
Equations R1 and R2. For inorganics, dermal absorption may be
disregarded (i.e., RAF
d
=0).
3)
Ambient Vapor Inhalation (outdoor) route from Subsurface Soils (soil
below one meter)
A)
Equations R7 and R8 form the basis for deriving Tier 2
remediation objectives for the ambient vapor inhalation (outdoor)
route from subsurface soils using the RBCA approach. Equation
R7 is used to calculate soil remediation objectives for
carcinogenic contaminants. Equation R8 is used to calculate soil
remediation objectives for noncarcinogenic contaminants.
B)
For Equation R7, the carcinogenic risk-based screening level for
air (RBSL
air
) and the volatilization factor for soils below one
meter to ambient air (VF
samb
) have numerical values that are
46
calculated using Equations R9 and R11, respectively. Both
equations rely on input parameters from a variety of sources.
C)
The noncarcinogenic risk-based screening level for air (RBSL
air
)
and the volatilization factor for soils below one meter to ambient
air (VF
samb
) in Equation R8 have numerical values that can be
calculated using Equations R10 and R11, respectively.
c)
Migration to Groundwater Portion of the Groundwater Ingestion Exposure
Route
1)
Equation R12 forms the basis for deriving Tier 2 remediation objectives
for the migration to groundwater portion of the groundwater ingestion
exposure route using the RBCA approach. The parameters, groundwater
at the source (GW
source
), and Leaching Factor (LF
sw
) have numerical
values that are calculated using Equations R13 and R14, respectively.
2)
Equation R13 requires numerical values that are calculated using
Equation R15.
3)
Equation R14 requires numerical values that are calculated using
Equations R21, R22, and R24. For non-ionizing organics, the Soil
Water Absorption Coefficient (k
s
) shall be calculated using Equation
R20. For ionizing organics and inorganics the values for k
s
are listed in
Appendix C, Tables I and J, respectively. The remaining parameters in
Equation R14 are field measurements or default values listed in
Appendix C, Table D.
d)
The default value for GW
comp
is the Tier 1 groundwater objective. For
chemicals for which there is no Tier 1 groundwater remediation objective, the
value for GW
comp
shall be the Health Advisory concentration determined
according to the procedures specified in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 620, Subpart F. As
an alternative to using the Tier 1 groundwater remediation objectives or Health
Advisories, a target risk for carcinogens greater than 1 in 1,000,000 may be
used to calculate GW
comp
using Equation R25, and a Target Hazard Quotient
greater than 1.0 may be used to calculate GW
comp
using the procedures of
Subpart I, if approved institutional controls are in place as may be required in
Subpart J.
SUBPART H: TIER 2 GROUNDWATER EVALUATION
Section 742.800
General
If the contaminant concentrations in the groundwater exceed
the applicable Tier 1 remediation
objectives, a person has the following options:
47
a)
Demonstrate that the groundwater ingestion exposure route is excluded from
consideration pursuant to Subpart C;
b)
Demonstrate that the groundwater contamination is
at or below area background
concentrations in accordance with Subpart D
and, if necessary, an institutional
control restricting usage of the groundwater is in place in accordance with
Subpart J;
c)
Remediate to Tier 1 remediation objectives;
d)
Develop Tier 2 groundwater remediation objectives in accordance with Section
742.805 and remediate to that level, if necessary;
e)
Conduct a Tier 3 evaluation in accordance with Subpart I; or
f)
Obtain approval from the Board to:
1)
Reclassify the groundwater pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 620.260;
or
2)
Use an adjusted standard pursuant to Section 28.1 of the Act.
Section 742.805
Tier 2 Groundwater Remediation Objectives
a)
To develop a groundwater remediation objective under this Section that exceeds
the applicable Tier 1 groundwater remediation objective, a person may request
approval from the Agency if the person has performed the following:
1)
Identified the horizontal and vertical extent of groundwater for which the
Tier 2 groundwater remediation objective is sought;
2)
Taken corrective action, to the maximum extent practicable to remove
any free product;
3)
Using Equation R26 in accordance with Section 742.810, demonstrated
that the concentration of any contaminant of concern in groundwater will
meet:
A)
The applicable Tier 1 groundwater remediation objective at the
point of human exposure; or
B)
For any contaminant of concern for which there is no Tier 1
groundwater remediation objective, the Health Advisory
concentration determined according to the procedures specified in
35 Ill. Adm. Code 620, Subpart F at the point of human
exposure. A person may request the Agency to provide these
48
concentrations or may propose these concentrations under
Subpart I.
4)
Using Equation R26 in accordance with Section 742.810, demonstrated
that the concentration of any contaminant of concern in groundwater
within the minimum or maximum setback zone of an existing potable
water supply well will meet the applicable Tier 1 groundwater
remediation objective;
5)
Using Equation R26 in accordance with Section 742.810, demonstrated
that the concentration of any contaminant of concern in groundwater
discharging into a surface water will meet the applicable surface water
quality standard under 35 Ill. Adm. Code 302;
6)
Demonstrated that the source of the release is not located within the
minimum or maximum setback zone of a potable water supply well nor
within a regulated recharge area of a potable water supply well; and
7)
If the selected corrective action includes an engineered barrier to
minimize migration of contaminant of concern from the soil to the
groundwater, demonstrated that the barrier will remain in place for post-
remediation land use through an institutional control as set forth in
Subpart J.
b)
A groundwater remediation objective that exceeds the water solubility of that
chemical (refer to Appendix C, Table E for solubility values) is not allowed.
Section 742.810
Calculations to Predict Impacts from Remaining Groundwater Contamination
a)
Equation R26 predicts the contaminant concentration along the centerline of a
plume emanating from a vertical planar source in the aquifer (dimensions S
w
wide and S
d
deep). This model accounts for both three-dimensional dispersion
(x is the direction of groundwater flow, y is the other horizontal direction, and z
is the vertical direction) and biodegradation.
1)
The parameters in this equation are:
A)
X =
distance from the planar source to the location of
concern, along the centerline of the plume (i.e., y=0,
z=0)
B)
C
(x)
=
the concentration of the contaminant at a distance X
from the source, along the centerline of the plume
C)
C
(source)
=
the greatest potential concentration of the contaminant
of concern in the groundwater at the source of the
49
contamination, based on the concentrations of
contaminants in groundwater due to the release and the
projected concentration of the contaminant migrating
from the soil to the groundwater. As indicated above,
the model assumes a planar source discharging
groundwater at a concentration equal to C
(source)
.
D)
α
x
=
dispersivity in the x direction (i.e., Equation R16)
E)
α
y
=
dispersivity in the y direction (i.e., Equation R17)
F)
α
z
=
dispersivity in the z direction (i.e., Equation R18)
G)
U =
specific discharge (i.e., actual groundwater flow
velocity through a porous medium; takes into account
the fact that the groundwater actually flows only
through the pores of the subsurface materials), where
the aquifer hydraulic conductivity (k), the infiltration
rate (I), and the total soil porosity (
θ
T
) must be known
(i.e., Equation R19).
H)
λ
=
first order degradation constant obtained from
Appendix C, Table E or from measured groundwater
data.
I)
S
w
=
width of planar source in the y direction
J)
S
d
=
depth of planar source in the z direction
2)
The following
parameters are determined through field measurements:
U, k, I,
θ
T
, S
w
, S
d
.
A)
The determination of values for U, k, I, and
θ
T
can be obtained
through the appropriate laboratory and field techniques.
B)
From the immediate down-gradient edge of the source of the
groundwater contamination values for S
w
and S
d
shall be
determined. S
w
is defined as the width of groundwater at the
source which exceeds the Tier 1 groundwater remediation
objective. S
d
is defined as the depth of groundwater at the source
which exceeds the Tier 1 groundwater remediation objective.
C)
Total soil porosity can also be calculated using Equation R23.
50
3)
The value of C
(source)
equals the greatest concentration of the contaminant
in the groundwater at the source of the contamination.
b)
Once values are obtained for all the input parameters identified in subsection (a)
of this Section, the contaminant concentration along the centerline of the plume
a distance X from the source shall be calculated.
1)
To demonstrate that no existing potable water supply well is adversely
impacted, X shall be the distance from the down-gradient edge of the
source of the contamination at the site to the nearest water supply well.
This calculation must show that the contaminant in the groundwater at
this location (C
(x)
), does not exceed the applicable Tier 1 groundwater
remediation objective or Health Advisory concentration.
2)
To demonstrate that no surface water is adversely impacted, X shall be
the distance from the down-gradient edge of the source of the
contamination at the site to the nearest surface water body. This
calculation must show that the contaminant in the groundwater at this
location (C
(x)
), does not exceed the applicable surface water quality
standard.
SUBPART I: TIER 3 EVALUATION
Section 742.900
Introduction
a)
Tier 3 sets forth a flexible framework to develop remediation objectives outside
of the requirements of Tiers 1 and 2. Although Tier 1 evaluations and Tier 2
evaluations are not prerequisites to conduct Tier 3 evaluations, data from Tier 1
and Tier 2 can assist in developing remediation objectives under a Tier 3
evaluation.
b)
The level of detail required to adequately characterize a site depends on the
particular use of Tier 3. Tier 3 can require additional investigative efforts
beyond those described in Tier 2 to characterize the physical setting of the site.
However, in situations where remedial efforts have simply reached a physical
obstruction (e.g., a building), additional investigation may not be necessary for
a Tier 3 submittal.
c)
Situations that can be considered for a Tier 3 evaluation include, but are not
limited to:
1)
Modification of parameters not allowed under Tier 2 (e.g., a target
hazard quotient greater than 1 is requested);
2)
Use of models different from those used in Tier 2;
51
3)
Use of additional site data to improve or confirm predictions of exposed
receptors to contaminants of concern;
4)
Analysis of site-specific risks using formal risk assessment, probabilistic
data analysis, and sophisticated fate and transport models;
5)
Requests for site-specific remediation objectives because a "common
sense" assessment indicates further remediation is not practical (e.g., the
remaining contamination is under a structure such as a permanent
building);
6)
Incomplete human exposure pathway(s) not excluded under Subpart C;
7)
Use of toxicological-specific information not available from the sources
listed in Tier 2; and
8)
Land uses which are substantially different from the assumed residential
or industrial/commercial property uses of a site (e.g., a site will be used
for recreation in the future and cannot be evaluated in Tiers 1 or 2).
d)
Requests for approval of a Tier 3 evaluation must be submitted to the Agency
for review under the program under which remediation is performed. When
reviewing a submittal under Tier 3, the Agency shall consider WHETHER THE
INTERPRETATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS REACHED ARE SUPPORTED
BY THE INFORMATION GATHERED. (Section 58.7(e)(1) of the Act) The
Agency shall approve a Tier 3 evaluation if the person submits the information
required under this Part and establishes through such information that public
health is protected and that specified risks to human health and the environment
have been minimized.
Section 742.905
Modifications of Parameters
Any proposed changes to Tier 2 parameters which are not provided for in Tier 2 shall be
submitted to the Agency for review and approval.
A submittal under this Section shall include
the following information:
a)
The justification for the modification; and
b)
The technical and mathematical basis for the modification.
Section 742.910
Alternative Models
Any proposals for the use of models other than those specified in Tier 2 shall be submitted to
the Agency for review and approval. A submittal under this Section shall include the
following information:
52
a)
Physical and chemical properties of contaminants of concern;
b)
Contaminant movement properties;
c)
Contaminant availability to receptors;
d)
Receptor exposure to the contaminants of concern;
e)
Mathematical and technical justification for the model proposed;
f)
A licensed copy of the model shall be provided to the Agency, if the Agency
does not have a licensed copy of the model currently available for use; and
g)
Demonstration that the models were correctly applied.
Section 742.915
Formal Risk Assessments
A comprehensive site-specific risk assessment shall demonstrate that contaminants of concern
at a site do not pose a significant risk to any human receptor. All site-specific risk assessments
shall be submitted to the Agency for review and approval. A submittal under this Section shall
address the following factors:
a)
Whether the risk assessment procedure used is nationally recognized and
accepted including, but not limited to, those procedures incorporated by
reference in Section 742.210;
b)
Whether the site-specific data reflect actual site conditions;
c)
The adequacy of the investigation of present and post-remediation exposure
routes and risks to receptors identified at the site;
d)
The appropriateness of the sampling and analysis;
e)
The adequacy and appropriateness of toxicity information;
f)
The extent of contamination; and
g)
Whether the calculations were accurately performed.
Section 742.920
Impractical Remediation
Any request for site-specific remediation objectives due to impracticality of remediation shall
be submitted to the Agency for review and approval. A submittal under this Section shall
include the following information:
a)
The reason(s) why the remediation is impractical;
53
b)
The extent of contamination;
c)
Geology, including soil types;
d)
The potential impact to groundwater;
e)
Results and locations of sampling events;
f)
Map of the area, including all utilities and structures; and
g)
Present and post-remediation uses of the area of contamination, including human
receptors at risk.
Section 742.925
Exposure Routes
Technical information may demonstrate that there is no actual or potential impact of
contaminants of concern to receptors from a particular exposure route. In these instances, a
demonstration excluding an exposure route shall be submitted to the Agency for review and
approval. A submittal under this Section shall include the following information:
a)
A description of the route evaluated;
b)
Technical support including a discussion of the natural or man-made barriers to
exposure through that route, calculations, and modelling results;
c)
Physical and chemical properties of contaminants of concern;
d)
Contaminant migration properties;
e)
Description of the site and physical site characteristics; and
f)
Discussion of the result and possibility of the route becoming active in the
future.
Section 742.930
Derivation of Toxicological Data
If toxicological-specific information is not available for one or more contaminants of concern
from the sources incorporated by reference in Section 742.210, the derivations of
toxicological-specific information shall be submitted for Agency review and approval.
Section 742.935
Agricultural Uses and Ecological Receptors (Reserved)
SUBPART J: INSTITUTIONAL CONTROLS
Section 742.1000 General
54
a)
Any person who develops remediation objectives under this Part based on an
industrial/commercial property use or based on engineered barriers under
Subpart K shall meet the requirements of this Subpart relative to institutional
controls. Institutional controls in accordance with this Subpart must be in place
on the property when remediation objectives are based on any of the following
assumptions:
1)
Industrial/Commercial property use;
2)
Target cancer risk greater than 1 in 1,000,000;
3)
Target hazard quotient greater than 1;
4)
Engineered barrier(s); or
5)
Any combination of the above.
b)
The Agency shall not approve any remediation objective under this Part that is
based on the use of institutional controls unless the person has proposed
institutional controls meeting the requirements of this Subpart. A proposal for
approval of institutional controls shall provide identification of the selected
institutional controls from among the types recognized in this Subpart.
c)
The following types of institutional controls are recognized under this Subpart:
1)
No Further Remediation Letters;
2)
Restrictive covenants and deed restrictions;
3)
Negative easements;
4)
Ordinances adopted and administered by a unit of local government; and
5)
Agreements between a property owner and a highway authority with
respect to any contamination remaining under highways.
BOARD NOTE: Definitions in the Illinois Highway Code for "highway
authority", "highway", and "right-of-way" are applicable to this Part.
Section 742.1005 No Further Remediation Letters
a)
A "No Further Remediation" letter issued by the Agency may be used as an
institutional control under this Part if the requirements of this Section are met
and the Agency has determined that "no further remediation" is required as to
the property(ies) to which the letter is to apply.
55
b)
A request for approval of a "No Further Remediation" letter as an institutional
control shall follow the requirements applicable to the remediation program
under which the remediation is performed.
c)
The recipient of the letter shall submit the letter to the Office of the Recorder or
the Registrar of Titles of the county in which the site is located within 45 days
of receipt of the letter in such a manner that it forms a permanent part of the
chain of title for the site. Proper recording of the "No Further Remediation"
letter shall consist of adding the letter and an Environmental Notice form to
other public documents that would normally be examined during a title search.
d)
A "No Further Remediation" letter shall not become effective until officially
recorded in accordance with subsection (c) of this Section. The recipient of the
letter shall obtain and submit to the Agency a copy of the letter demonstrating
that it has been recorded.
e)
At no time shall any site for which land use has been restricted under a "No
Further Remediation" letter be used in a manner inconsistent with such land use
limitation unless further investigation or remedial action has been conducted that
documents the attainment of objectives appropriate for the new land use and a
new letter is obtained and recorded in accordance with subsection (c) of this
Section.
f)
Violation of the terms of a No Further Remediation Letter shall be grounds for
voidance of the Letter and the Agency's "No Further Remediation"
determination in accordance with the procedures applicable to the remediation
program under which the remediation is performed.
Section 742.1010 Restrictive Covenants, Deed Restrictions, and Negative Easements
a)
A restrictive covenant, deed restriction, or negative easement may be used as an
institutional control under this Part if the requirements of this Section are met
and the Agency has determined that "no further remediation" is required as to
the property(ies) to which the institutional control is to apply.
b)
A request for approval of a restrictive covenant, deed restriction, or negative
easement as an acceptable institutional control, shall provide the following:
1)
A copy of the restrictive covenant, deed restriction, or negative easement
in the form it will be recorded with the Office of the Recorder or
Registrar of Titles in the county where the site is located. The restrictive
covenant, deed restriction, or negative easement shall reference or
incorporate the terms of the "No Further Remediation" determination so
as to require any current owners and all successors in interest to meet the
56
requirements of the "No Further Remediation" determination as a
condition of use of the property;
2)
A scaled map showing the horizontal extent of contamination above the
applicable remediation objectives;
3)
Information showing the concentration of contaminants of concern in
which the applicable remediation objectives are exceeded;
4)
A scaled map showing the legal boundaries of all properties subject to
the restrictive covenant, deed restriction, or negative easement under
which contamination is located that exceeds the applicable remediation
objectives;
5)
Information identifying the current owner(s) of each property identified
in subsection (b)(4) of this Section; and
6)
Authorization by the current owner(s), or person authorized by law to
act on behalf of the owner, of each property identified in subsection
(b)(5) of this Section to record the restrictive covenant or deed
restriction.
c)
Any restrictive covenant, deed restriction, or negative easement approved by the
Agency pursuant to this Part shall be recorded with the "No Further
Remediation" determination in the Office of the Recorder or the Registrar of
Titles of the county in which the site is located within 45 days of receipt of the
Agency approval in accordance with Section 742.1005(c).
d)
An institutional control approved under this Section shall not become effective
until officially recorded in accordance with subsection (c) of this Section. The
person receiving the approval shall obtain and submit to the Agency a copy of
the institutional control demonstrating that is has been recorded.
e)
At no time shall any site for which land use has been restricted under an
institutional control approved under this Section be used in a manner
inconsistent with such land use limitation unless further investigation or
remedial action has been conducted that documents the attainment of objectives
appropriate for such land use and a new institutional control is approved and
recorded in accordance with subsection (c) of this Section.
f)
Violation of the terms of an institutional control approved under this Section
shall be grounds for voidance of the institutional control and the Agency's "No
Further Remediation" determination pursuant to Section 58.10 of the Act.
Section 742.1015 Ordinances
57
a)
An ordinance adopted by a unit of local government that effectively prohibits the
use of groundwater as a potable supply of water, except at points of withdrawal
by the unit of local government, may be used as an institutional control to meet
Section 742.805 if the requirements of this Section are met.
b)
A request for approval of a local ordinance as an institutional control shall
provide the following:
1)
A copy of the ordinance restricting groundwater use certified by the unit
of local government in which the site is located, unless the Agency and
the unit of local government have entered an agreement under subsection
(i) of this Section, in which case the request may alternatively reference
the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). The ordinance must
demonstrate that potable use of groundwater from water supply wells is
prohibited;
2)
A scaled map(s) delineating the areal extent of groundwater
contamination (measured or modeled) above the applicable remediation
objectives;
3)
Information showing the concentration of contaminants of concern in
which the applicable remediation objectives are exceeded;
4)
A scaled map delineating the boundaries of all properties under which
groundwater is located which exceeds the applicable groundwater
remediation objectives;
5)
Information identifying the current owner(s) of each property identified
in subsection (b)(4) of this Section; and
6)
A copy of the proposed submission of the information to the current
owners identified in subsection (b)(5) of this Section of the information
required in subsections (b)(1) through (b)(5) of this Section and proof
that the notification required in subsection (c) of this Section has been
submitted.
c)
Each of the property owners identified in subsection (b)(5) of this Section and
the unit of local government must receive written notification from the party
desiring to use the institutional control that groundwater remediation objectives
have been approved by the Agency. Written proof of this notification shall be
submitted to the Agency within 45 days from the date of the Agency "No
Further Remediation" letter or determination. The notification shall include:
1)
The name and address of the unit of local government;
2)
The citation to the ordinance;
58
3)
A description of the property being sent notice by adequate legal
description or by reference to a plat showing the boundaries;
4)
A statement that the ordinance restricting groundwater use has been used
by the Agency in reviewing a request for a groundwater remediation
objective;
5)
A statement as to the nature of the release and response action with the
site name, address, and Agency site number or Illinois inventory
identification number; and
6)
A statement as to where more information may be obtained regarding the
ordinance.
d)
Unless the Agency and the unit of local government have entered an agreement
under subsection (i) of this Section, the current owner or successors in interest
of a site who have received approval of use of an ordinance as an institutional
control under this Section shall:
1)
Monitor activities of the unit of local government relative to variance
requests or changes in the ordinance relative to the use of potable
groundwater at properties identified in subsection (b)(4) of this Section;
and
2)
Notify the Agency of any approved variance requests or ordinance
changes within thirty (30) days after the date such action has been
approved.
e)
The information required in subsections (b)(1) through (b)(6) of this Section and
the Agency letter approving the groundwater remediation objective shall be
submitted to the unit of local government. Proof that the information has been
filed with the unit of local government shall be provided to the Agency.
f)
Unless the Agency and the unit of local government have entered an agreement
under subsection (i) of this Section, a site owner who has received approval of
use of an ordinance as an institutional control under this Section shall record as
an institutional control under Section 742.1005 or Section 742.1010, as
applicable, the site owner's duties under subsection (d) of this Section to
monitor activities of the unit of local government.
g)
An institutional control approved under this Section shall not become effective
until the site owner's duties under subsection (d) of this Section are officially
recorded in accordance with subsection (f) of this Section. The person receiving
the approval shall obtain and submit to the Agency a copy of the institutional
control demonstrating that it has been recorded.
59
h)
The following shall be grounds for voidance of the ordinance as an institutional
control and the Agency's "No Further Remediation" determination:
1)
Modification of the ordinance by the unit of local government to allow
potable use of groundwater;
2)
Approval of a site-specific request, such as a variance, to allow potable
use of groundwater at a site identified in subsection (b)(4) of this
Section; and
3)
Violation of the terms of an institutional control recorded under Section
742.1005 or Section 742.1010.
i)
The Agency and a unit of local government may enter a Memorandum of
Understanding (MOU) under this Section if the unit of local government has
adopted an ordinance that effectively prohibits the use of groundwater as a
potable supply of water, except at points of withdrawal by the unit of local
government, and if the requirements of this subsection are met. The MOU shall
include the following:
1)
Identification of the authority of the unit of local government to enter the
MOU;
2)
Identification of the legal boundaries, or equivalent, under which the
ordinance is applicable;
3)
A certified copy of the ordinance;
4)
A commitment by the unit of local government to notify the Agency of
any variance requests or proposed ordinance changes at least thirty (30)
days prior to the date the local government is scheduled to take action on
the request or proposed change; and
5)
A commitment by the unit of local government to maintain a registry of
all sites within the unit of local government that have received "No
Further Remediation" determinations under this Part.
Section 742.1020 Highway Authority Agreements
a)
An agreement with a highway authority may be used as an institutional control
where the requirements of this Section are met and the Agency has determined
that "no further remediation" is required as to the property(ies) to which the
agreement is to apply.
b)
As part of the agreement the highway authority shall agree to:
60
1)
Prohibit the use of groundwater under the highway right of way that is
contaminated above Tier 1 remediation objectives from the release as a
potable supply of water.
2)
Limit access to soil contamination under the highway right of way that is
contaminated above Tier 1 remediation objectives from the release.
Access to soil contamination may be allowed if, during and after any
access, public health and the environment are protected.
c)
A request for approval of an agreement as an institutional control shall provide
the following:
1)
A copy of the agreement executed by the highway authority and the
owner of the property from which the release occurred;
2)
A scaled map delineating the areal extent of soil and groundwater
contamination above the applicable Tier 1 remediation objectives;
3)
Information showing the concentration of contaminants of concern within
the zone in which the applicable Tier 1 remediation objectives are
exceeded;
4)
A stipulation of the information required by subsection (b) of this Section
in the agreement if it is not practical to obtain the information by
sampling the highway right-of-way; and
5)
Information identifying the current fee owner of the highway right-of-
way and highway authority having jurisdiction.
d)
Violation of the terms of an Agreement approved by the Agency as an
institutional control under this Section shall be grounds for voidance of the
Agreement as an institutional control and the Agency's "No Further
Remediation" determination.
SUBPART K: ENGINEERED BARRIERS
Section 742.1100 General
a)
Any person who develops remediation objectives under this Part based on
engineered barriers shall meet the requirements of this Subpart and the
requirements of Subpart J relative to institutional controls.
b)
The Agency shall not approve any remediation objective under this Part that is
based on the use of engineered barriers unless the person has proposed
engineered barriers meeting the requirements of this Subpart.
61
c)
The use of engineered barriers can be recognized in calculating remediation
objectives only if the engineered barriers are intended for use as part of the final
corrective action.
d)
Any "No Further Remediation" determination based upon the use of engineered
barriers shall require effective maintenance of the engineered barrier. The
maintenance requirements shall be included in an institutional control under
Subpart J and are to be maintained by the owner of the site. This responsibility
shall be transferrable with the property. This institutional control shall address
provisions for temporary breaches of the barrier by requiring the following if
intrusive construction work is to be performed in which the engineered barrier is
to be temporarily breached:
1)
The construction workers shall be notified by the site owner/operator in
advance of intrusive activities. Such notification shall enumerate the
contaminant of concern known to be present; and
2)
The site owner/operator shall require construction workers to implement
protective measures consistent with good industrial hygiene practice.
e)
Failure to maintain an engineered barrier in accordance with the "No Further
Remediation" determination shall be grounds for voidance of the determination.
Section 742.1105 Engineered Barrier Requirements
a)
Natural attenuation, access controls, and point of use treatment shall not be
considered engineered barriers. Engineered barriers may not be used to prevent
direct human exposure to groundwater.
b)
For purposes of determining remediation objectives under Tier 1, engineered
barriers are not recognized.
c)
The following engineered barriers are recognized for purposes of calculating
remediation objectives that exceed residential remediation objectives:
1)
For the migration to groundwater portion of the groundwater ingestion
exposure route, the following engineered barriers are recognized:
A)
Caps, covering the contaminated media, constructed of
compacted clay, asphalt, concrete or other material approved by
the Agency; and
B)
Permanent structures such as buildings and highways.
62
2)
For the soil ingestion exposure route, the following engineered barriers
are recognized:
A)
Caps, covering the contaminated media, constructed of
compacted clay, asphalt, concrete, or other material approved by
the Agency;
B)
Permanent structures such as buildings and highways; and
C)
Clean soil, covering the contaminated media, that is a minimum
of one (1) meter in depth.
3)
For the inhalation exposure route, the following engineered barriers are
recognized:
A)
Caps, covering the contaminated media, constructed of
compacted clay, asphalt, concrete, or other material approved by
the Agency; and
B)
Permanent structures such as buildings and highways.
4)
For the ingestion of groundwater exposure route, the following
engineered barriers are recognized:
A)
Slurry walls; and
B)
Hydraulic control of groundwater.
d)
Unless otherwise prohibited under Section 742.1100, any other type of
engineered barrier may be proposed if it will be as effective as the options listed
in subsection (c) of this Section.
63
Section 742.APPENDIX A: General
TABLE A:
Soil Saturation Limits (C
sat
) for Chemicals Whose Melting Point is Less than
30
°
°
C.
Chemical Name
C
sat
(mg/kg)
Acetone
100,000
Benzene
870
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
3,300
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
31,000
Bromodichloromethane (Dichlorobromomethane)
3,000
Bromoform
1,900
Butanol
10,000
Butyl benzyl phthalate
930
Carbon disulfide
720
Carbon tetrachloride
1,100
Chlorobenzene (Monochlorobenzene)
680
Chlorodibromomethane (Dibromochloromethane)
1,300
Chloroform
2,900
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
1,400
1,2-Dibromoethane (Ethylene dibromide)
2,800
Di-
n
-butyl phthalate
2,300
1,2-Dichlorobenzene (o-Dichlorobenzene)
560
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,700
1,2-Dichloroethane (Ethylene dichloride)
1,800
1,1-Dichloroethylene
1,500
cis
-1,2-Dichloroethylene
1,200
trans
-1,2-Dichloroethylene
3,100
1,2-Dichloropropane
1,100
1,3-Dichloropropene (1,3-Dichloropropylene,
cis
+
trans
)
1,400
64
Chemical Name
C
sat
(mg/kg)
Diethyl phthalate
2,000
Di-
n
-octyl phthalate
10,000
Ethylbenzene
400
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
2,200
Isophorone
4,600
Methyl bromide (Bromomethane)
3,200
Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane)
2,400
Nitrobenzene
1,000
Styrene
1,500
Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene)
240
Toluene
650
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
3,200
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,200
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
1,800
Trichloroethylene
1,300
Vinyl acetate
2,700
Vinyl chloride
1,200
m-Xylene
420
o-Xylene
410
p-Xylene
460
Xylenes (total)
410
Ionizable Organics
2-Chlorophenol
53,000
65
Section 742.APPENDIX A:
General
TABLE B:
Tolerance Factor (K)
Tolerance factors (K) for one-sided normal tolerance intervals with probability level
(confidence factor) Y = 0.95 and coverage P = 95%. n = number of samples collected.
n
K
n
K
3
7.655
4
5.145
5
4.202
6
3.707
7
3.399
8
3.188
9
3.031
10
2.911
11
2.815
12
2.736
13
2.670
14
2.614
15
2.566
16
2.523
17
2.486
18
2.543
19
2.423
20
2.396
21
2.371
22
2.350
23
2.329
24
2.309
25
2.292
30
2.220
35
2.166
40
2.126
45
2.092
50
2.065
55
2.036
60
2.017
65
2.000
70
1.986
75
1.972
100
1.924
125
1.891
150
1.868
175
1.850
200
1.836
225
1.824
250
1.814
275
1.806
300
1.799
325
1.792
350
1.787
375
1.782
400
1.777
425
1.773
450
1.769
475
1.766
500
1.763
525
1.760
550
1.757
575
1.754
600
1.752
625
1.750
650
1.748
675
1.746
700
1.744
725
1.742
750
1.740
775
1.739
800
1.737
825
1.736
850
1.734
875
1.733
900
1.732
925
1.731
950
1.729
975
1.728
1000
1.727
66
Section 742.APPENDIX A: General
TABLE C:
Coefficients {A
N-I+1
} for W Test of Normality, for N=2(1)50
i/n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
0.7071
0.7071
0.6872
0.6646
0.6431
0.6233
0.6052
0.5888
0.5739
2
---
.0000
.1677
.2413
.2806
.3031
.3164
.3244
.3291
3
---
---
---
.0000
.0875
.1401
.1743
.1976
.2141
4
---
---
---
---
---
.0000
.0561
.0947
.1224
5
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
.0000
.0399
i/n
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
1
0.5601
0.5475
0.5359
0.5251
0.5150
0.5056
0.4968
0.4886
0.4808
0.4734
2
.3315
.3325
.3325
.3318
.3306
.3290
.3273
.3253
.3232
.3211
3
.2260
.2347
.2412
.2460
.2495
.2521
.2540
.2553
.2561
.2565
4
.1429
.1586
.1707
.1802
.1878
.1939
.1988
.2027
.2059
.2085
5
.0695
.0922
.1099
.1240
.1353
.1447
.1524
.1587
.1641
.1686
6
0.0000
0.0303
0.0539
0.0727
0.0880
0.1005
0.1109
0.1197
0.1271
0.1334
7
---
---
.0000
.0240
.0433
.0593
.0725
.0837
.0932
.1013
8
---
---
---
---
.0000
.0196
.0359
.0496
.0612
.0711
9
---
---
---
---
---
---
.0000
.0163
.0303
.0422
10
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
.0000
.0140
67
i/n
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
1
0.4643
0.4590
0.4542
0.4493
0.4450
0.4407
0.4366
0.4328
0.4291
0.4254
2
.3185
.3156
.3126
.3098
.3069
.3043
.3018
.2992
.2968
.2944
3
.2578
.2571
.2563
.2554
.2543
.2533
.2522
.2510
.2499
.2487
4
.2119
.2131
.2139
.2145
.2148
.2151
.2152
.2151
.2150
.2148
5
.1736
.1764
.1787
.1807
.1822
.1836
.1848
.1857
.1864
.1870
6
0.1399
0.1443
0.1480
0.1512
0.1539
0.1563
0.1584
0.1601
0.1616
0.1630
7
.1092
.1150
.1201
.1245
.1283
.1316
.1346
.1372
.1395
.1415
8
.0804
.0878
.0941
.0997
.1046
.1089
.1128
.1162
.1192
.1219
9
.0530
.0618
.0696
.0764
.0823
.0876
.0923
.0965
.1002
.1036
10
.0263
.0368
.0459
.0539
.0610
.0672
.0728
.0778
.0822
.0862
11
0.0000
0.0122
0.0228
0.0321
0.0403
0.0476
0.0540
0.0598
0.0650
0.0697
12
---
---
.0000
.0107
.0200
.0284
.0358
.0424
.0483
.0537
13
---
---
---
---
.0000
.0094
.0178
.0253
.0320
.0381
14
---
---
---
---
---
---
.0000
.0084
.0159
.0227
15
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
.0000
.0076
68
i/n
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
1
0.4220
0.4188
0.4156
0.4127
0.4096
0.4068
0.4040
0.4015
0.3989
0.3964
2
.2921
.2898
.2876
.2854
.2834
.2813
.2794
.2774
.2755
.2737
3
.2475
.2463
.2451
.2439
.2427
.2415
.2403
.2391
.2380
.2368
4
.2145
.2141
.2137
.2132
.2127
.2121
.2116
.2110
.2104
.2098
5
.1874
.1878
.1880
.1882
.1883
.1883
.1883
.1881
.1880
.1878
i/n
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
6
0.1641
0.1651
0.1660
0.1667
0.1673
0.1678
0.1683
0.1686
0.1689
0.1691
7
.1433
.1449
.1463
.1475
.1487
.1496
.1503
.1513
.1520
.1526
8
.1243
.1265
.1284
.1301
.1317
.1331
.1344
.1356
.1366
.1376
9
.1066
.1093
.1118
.1140
.1160
.1179
.1196
.1211
.1225
.1237
10
.0899
.0931
.0961
.0988
.1013
.1036
.1056
.1075
.1092
.1108
11
0.0739
0.0777
0.0812
0.0844
0.0873
0.0900
0.0924
0.0947
0.0967
0.0986
12
.0585
.0629
.0669
.0706
.0739
.0770
.0798
.0824
.0848
.0870
13
.0435
.0485
.0530
.0572
.0610
.0645
.0677
.0706
.0733
.0759
14
.0289
.0344
.0395
.0441
.0484
.0523
.0559
.0592
.0622
.0651
15
.0144
.0206
.0262
.0314
.0361
.0404
.0444
.0481
.0515
.0546
69
16
0.0000
0.0068
0.0131
0.0187
0.0239
0.0287
0.0331
0.0372
0.0409
0.0444
17
---
---
.0000
.0062
.0119
.0172
.0220
.0264
.0305
.0343
18
---
---
---
---
.0000
.0057
.0110
.0158
.0203
.0244
19
---
---
---
---
---
---
.0000
.0053
.0101
.0146
20
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
.0000
.0049
i/n
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
1
0.3940
0.3917
0.3894
0.3872
0.3850
0.3830
0.3808
0.3789
0.3770
0.3751
2
.2719
.2701
.2684
.2667
.2651
.2635
.2620
.2604
.2589
.2574
3
.2357
.2345
.2334
.2323
.2313
.2302
.2291
.2281
.2271
.2260
4
.2091
.2085
.2078
.2072
.2065
.2058
.2052
.2045
.2038
.2032
5
.1876
.1874
.1871
.1868
.1865
.1862
.1859
.1855
.1851
.1847
i/n
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
6
0.1693
0.1694
0.1695
0.1695
0.1695
0.1695
0.1695
0.1693
0.1692
0.1691
7
.1531
.1535
.1539
.1542
.1545
.1548
.1550
.1551
.1553
.1554
8
.1384
.1392
.1398
.1405
.1410
.1415
.1420
.1423`
.1427
.1430
9
.1249
.1259
.1269
.1278
.1286
.1293
.1300
.1306
.1312
.1317
10
.1123
.1136
.1149
.1160
.1170
.1180
.1189
.1197
.1205
.1212
70
11
0.1004
0.1020
0.1035
0.1049
0.1062
0.1073
0.1085
0.1095
0.1105
0.1113
12
.0891
.0909
.0927
.0943
.0959
.0972
.0986
.0998
.1010
.1020
13
.0782
.0804
.0824
.0842
.0860
.0876
.0892
.0906
.0919
.0932
14
.0677
.0701
.0724
.0745
.0775
.0785
.0801
.0817
.0832
.0846
15
.0575
.0602
.0628
.0651
.0673
.0694
.0713
.0731
.0748
.0764
16
0.0476
0.0506
0.0534
0.0560
0.0584
0.0607
0.0628
0.0648
0.0667
0.0685
17
.0379
.0411
.0442
.0471
.0497
.0522
.0546
.0568
.0588
.0608
18
.0283
.0318
.0352
.0383
.0412
.0439
.0465
.0489
.0511
.0532
19
.0188
.0227
.0263
.0296
.0328
.0357
.0385
.0411
.0436
.0459
20
.0094
.0136
.0175
.0211
.0245
.0277
.0307
.0335
.0361
.0386
21
0.0000
0.0045
0.0087
0.0126
0.0163
0.0197
0.0229
0.0259
0.0288
0.0314
22
---
---
.0000
.0042
.0081
.0118
.0153
.0185
.0215
.0244
23
---
---
---
---
.0000
.0039
.0076
.0111
.0143
.0174
24
---
---
---
---
---
---
.0000
.0037
.0071
.0104
25
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
.0000
.0035
71
Section 742.APPENDIX A: General
TABLE D:
Percentage Points of the W Test for N=3(1)50
n
0.01
0.05
3
0.753
0.767
4
0.687
0.748
5
0.686
0.762
6
0.713
0.788
7
0.730
0.803
8
0.749
0.818
9
0.764
0.829
10
0.781
0.842
11
0.792
0.850
12
0.805
0.859
13
0.814
0.866
14
0.825
0.874
15
0.835
0.881
16
0.844
0.887
17
0.851
0.892
18
0.858
0.897
19
0.863
0.901
20
0.868
0.905
21
0.873
0.908
22
0.878
0.911
23
0.881
0.914
24
0.884
0.916
25
0.888
0.918
26
0.891
0.920
27
0.894
0.923
28
0.896
0.924
29
0.898
0.926
30
0.900
0.927
31
0.902
0.929
32
0.904
0.930
33
0.906
0.931
34
0.908
0.933
35
0.910
0.934
72
Section 742.APPENDIX A:
General
TABLE E:
SSL Chemicals with Noncarcinogenic Toxic Effects on Specific Target
Organs/Organ Systems or Similar Modes of Action
Kidney
Acetone
Cadmium
Chlorobenzene
Dalapon
1,1-Dichloroethane
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Endosulfan
Ethylbenzene
Fluoranthene
Nitrobenzene
Pyrene
Toluene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
Vinyl acetate
Liver
Acenaphthene
Acetone
Butylbenzyl phthalate
Chlorobenzene
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Endrin
Ethylbenzene
Fluoranthene
Nitrobenzene
Picloram
Styrene
2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
Toluene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
Central Nervous System
Butanol
Cyanide (amendable)
2,4-Dimethylpheno-l
Endrin
Manganese
2-Methylphenol
Mercury
Styrene
Xylenes
Circulatory System
Antimony
Barium
2,4-D
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
Nitrobenzene
trans 1,2-Dichloroethylene
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Styrene
Zinc
Gastrointestinal System
Endothall
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Methyl bromide
Reproductive System
Barium
Boron
Carbon disulfide
2-Chlorophenol
1,2 Dibromo-3-Chloropropane (Inhalation
only)
Dinoseb
Methoxychlor
Phenol
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Aldicarb
Carbofuran
Decreased Body Weight Gains
and Circulatory System Effects
Atrazine
Simazine
Adrenal Gland
Nitrobenzene
73
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Respiratory System
1,2-Dichloropropane
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Methyl bromide
Vinyl acetate
Immune System
2,4-Dichlorophenol
p-Chloroaniline
74
Section 742.APPENDIX A:
General
TABLE F:
Range of Concentrations of Inorganic Chemicals in Background Soils
Chemical Name
Counties Within
Metropolian
Statistical Areas
a
(mg/kg)
Counties Outside
Metropolitan
Statistical Areas
(mg/kg)
Aluminum
1,388 - 37,200
2,640 - 23,300
Antimony
0.24 - 8
0.18 - 8.6
Arsenic
1.1 - 24
0.35 - 22.4
Barium
ND
b
(<5) - 1,720
22.4 - 253
Beryllium
0.05 - 9.9
ND (<0.02) - 8.8
Cadmium
ND (<2.5) - 8.2
ND (<0.2) - 5.2
Calcium
813 - 130,000
630 - 184,000
Chromium
ND (<2.14) - 151
4.3 - 37
Cobalt
2.1 - 23
0.9 - 32
Copper
ND (<2.93) - 156
1 - 42
Cyanide
ND (<0.07) - 2.7
ND (<0.06) - 1.2
Iron
5,000 - 80,000
3,200 - 29,100
Lead
4.7 - 647
ND (<7.44) - 270
Magnesium
541 - 74,500
476 - 24,100
Manganese
155 - 5,590
61.5 - 3,710
Mercury
0.02 - 0.99
ND (<0.01) - 1.67
a
Counties within Metropolitan Statistical Areas: Boone, Champaign, Clinton, Cook, DuPage, Grundy, Henry,
Jersey, Kane, Kankakee, Kendall, Lake, Macon, Madison, McHenry, McLean, Menard, Monroe, Peoria, Rock
Island, Sangamon, St. Clair, Tazewell, Will, Winnebago, and Woodford.
b
ND = Below the Detection Limit
75
Chemical Name
Counties Within
Metropolian
Statistical Areas
a
(mg/kg)
Counties Outside
Metropolitan
Statistical Areas
(mg/kg)
Nickel
ND (<3.1) - 135
ND (<5) - 34.6
Potassium
270 - 5,820
280 - 5,600
Selenium
ND (,0.12) - 2.6
ND (<0.1) - 1.7
Silver
ND (<0.32) - 5.6
ND (<0.06) - 5.9
Sodium
20.2 - 1,290
14.1 - 7,600
Sulfate
17.6 - 240
10 - 260
Sulfide
ND (<1.00 ) - 10.1
ND (<1) - 8.8
Thallium
0.02 - 1.6
0.05 - 2.8
Vanadium
ND (<2.5) - 80
6 - 47
Zinc
23 - 798
ND (<5.5) - 400
76
Section 742.APPENDIX A:
General
Illustration A:
Developing Soil Remediation Objectives Under the Tiered Approach
Tier 1
Use look-up tables
Tier 2
Develop objectives
for those
contaminants which
did not meet the Tier
1 objectives.
Tier 3
Develop Tier 3
objectives based on
methods other than
those allowed in
Tier 1 or Tier 2.
Remediate to
Tier 1 objectives
(Instutional controls
may be required)
No Further
Remediation
Remediate to
Tier 2 objectives
(Institutional controls
may be required)
No Further
Remediation
Do you meet the
Tier 3
objectives?
No Further Remediation
(Institutional controls may be required)
Are the Tier 1
remediation
objectives met?
No Further Remediation
(Institutional controls may be required)
No
Develop Tier 2
remediation
objectives
(May include the use of
instutional controls and
engineered barriers)
No Further Remediation
(Institutional controls may be required)
Yes
Develop Tier 3
remediation
objectives
(May include the use of
instutional controls and
engineered barriers)
No
No
Are the Tier 2
objectives met?
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Remediate to the
Tier 3 objectives.
No
Site
Characterization
and Exposure
Route Evaluation
No
77
Section 742.APPENDIX A:
General
Illustration B:
Developing Groundwater Remediation Objectives Under the Tiered Approach
Tier 1
Use look-up tables
Tier 2
For contaminants
which did not meet
the Tier 1 objectives
Tier 3
For contaminants
that do not meet the
Tier 1 or Tier 2
remediation
objectives
Remediate to
Tier 1 Levels
(Institutional controls
may be required)
No Further
Remediation
Remediate to the
Tier 2 objective
No Further Remediation
(Institutional controls may be required)
Are the Tier 3
remediation objectives
achieved?
No Further
Remediation
Are the Tier 1
remediation
objectives met?
No Further Remediation
(Institutional controls may be required)
Yes
No
Demonstrate and
calculate onsite and
offsite groundwater
impacts
Develop Tier 3
objectives based on
methods other than
those allowed in Tier
1 or Tier 2
No
No
Are the Tier 2
objectives met?
Yes
No
Develop a Tier 2
groundwater
remediation
objective
Yes
No
Yes
No
Remediate to
objectives
Site
Characterization,
Groundwater
Classification and
Exposure Route
Evaluation
78
Section 742.APPENDIX B:
Tier 1 Tables and Illustrations
TABLE A:
Tier 1 Soil Remediation Objectives
a
for Residential Properties
Exposure Route-Specific Values for Soils
Migration to Groundwater Portion of the
Groundwater Ingestion Exposure Route
Values
CAS No.
Chemical Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/kg)
Class II
(mg/kg)
ADL
(mg/kg)
83-32-9
Acenaphthene
4,700
b
---
c
570
b
2,800
*
67-64-1
Acetone
7,800
b
100,000
d
16
b
16
*
15972-60-8
Alachlor
o
8
e
---
c
0.04
0.2
NA
116-06-3
Aldicarb
o
78
b
---
c
0.013
0.07
NA
309-00-2
Aldrin
0.04
e
3
e
0.5
e
2.5
*
120-12-7
Anthracene
23,000
b
---
c
12,000
b
60,000
*
1912-24-9
Atrazine
o
2700
b
---
c
0.066
0.33
NA
71-43-2
Benzene
22
e
0.8
e
0.03
0.15
*
56-55-3
Benzo(
a
)anthracene
0.9
e
---
c
2
10
*
79
Exposure Route-Specific Values for Soils
Migration to Groundwater Portion of the
Groundwater Ingestion Exposure Route
Values
CAS No.
Chemical Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/kg)
Class II
(mg/kg)
ADL
(mg/kg)
205-99-2
Benzo(
b
)fluoranthene
0.9
e
---
c
5
25
*
207-08-9
Benzo(
k
)fluroanthene
9
e
---
c
49
240
*
50-32-8
Benzo(
a
)pyrene
0.09
e,f
---
c
8
80
*
111-44-4
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
0.6
e
0.2
e,f
0.0004
e,f
0.0004
0.66
117-81-7
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
46
e
31,000
d
3,600
31,000
d
*
75-27-4
Bromodichloromethane
(Dichlorobromomethane)
10
e
3,000
d
0.6
3
*
75-25-2
Bromoform
81
e
53
e
0.8
4
*
71-36-3
Butanol
7,800
b
10,000
d
17
b
17
NA
85-68-7
Butyl benzyl phthalate
16,000
b
930
d
930
d
930
d
*
86-74-8
Carbazole
32
e
---
c
---
---
NA
1563-66-2
Carbofuran
o
390
b
---
c
0.22
1.1
NA
75-15-0
Carbon disulfide
7,800
b
720
d
32
b
160
*
80
Exposure Route-Specific Values for Soils
Migration to Groundwater Portion of the
Groundwater Ingestion Exposure Route
Values
CAS No.
Chemical Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/kg)
Class II
(mg/kg)
ADL
(mg/kg)
56-23-5
Carbon tetrachloride
5
e
0.3
e
0.07
0.35
*
57-74-9
Chlordane
0.5
e
20
e
10
50
*
108-90-7
Chlorobenzene
(Monochlorobenzene)
1,600
b
130
b
1
5
*
124-48-1
Chlorodibromomethane
(Dibromochloromethane)
1,400
b
1,300
d
0.4
2
*
67-66-3
Chloroform
100
e
0.3
e
0.6
3
*
218-01-9
Chrysene
88
e
---
c
160
800
*
94-75-7
2,4-D
780
b
---
c
1.5
7.7
*
75-99-0
Dalapon
2,300
b
---
c
0.85
8.5
1.2
72-54-8
DDD
3
e
---
c
16
e
80
*
72-55-9
DDE
2
e
---
c
54
e
270
*
50-29-3
DDT
2
e
---
g
32
e
160
*
81
Exposure Route-Specific Values for Soils
Migration to Groundwater Portion of the
Groundwater Ingestion Exposure Route
Values
CAS No.
Chemical Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/kg)
Class II
(mg/kg)
ADL
(mg/kg)
53-70-3
Dibenzo(
a,h
)anthracene
0.09
e,f
---
c
2
10
*
96-12-8
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
0.46
e
16
b
0.002
0.002
*
106-93-4
1,2-Dibromoethane
(Ethylene dibromide)
0.0075
e
0.24
e
0.0004
0.004
0.005
84-74-2
Di-
n
-butyl phthalate
7,800
b
2,300
d
2,300
d
2,300
d
*
95-50-1
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
(
o
- Dichlorobenzene)
7,000
b
560
d
17
85
*
106-46-7
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
(
p
- Dichlorobenzene)
---
c
---
g
2
10
*
91-94-1
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
1
e
---
c
0.007
e,f
0.035
e
1.3
75-34-3
1,1-Dichloroethane
7,800
b
1,300
b
23
b
110
*
107-06-2
1,2-Dichloroethane
(Ethylene dichloride)
7
e
0.4
e
0.02
0.1
*
82
Exposure Route-Specific Values for Soils
Migration to Groundwater Portion of the
Groundwater Ingestion Exposure Route
Values
CAS No.
Chemical Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/kg)
Class II
(mg/kg)
ADL
(mg/kg)
75-35-4
1,1-Dichloroethylene
630
b
1,500
d
0.06
0.3
*
156-59-2
cis
-1,2-Dichloroethylene
780
b
1,200
d
0.4
1.1
*
156-60-5
trans
-1,2-Dichloroethylene
1,600
b
3,100
d
0.7
3.5
*
78-97-5
1,2-Dichloropropane
9
e
15
b
0.03
1.5
*
542-75-6
1,3-Dichloropropene
(1,3-Dichloropropylene,
cis
+
trans
)
4
e
0.1
e
0.004
e
0.02
0.005
60-57-1
Dieldrin
n
0.04
e
1
e
0.004
e
0.02
*
84-66-2
Diethyl phthalate
63,000
b
2,000
d
470
b
470
*
121-14-2
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
0.9
e
---
c
0.0008
e,f
0.0008
0.013
606-20-2
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
0.9
e
---
c
0.0007
e,f
0.0007
0.0067
117-84-0
Di-
n
-octyl phthalate
1,600
b
10,000
d
10,000
d
10,000
d
*
115-29-7
Endosulfan
470
b
---
c
18
b
18
*
83
Exposure Route-Specific Values for Soils
Migration to Groundwater Portion of the
Groundwater Ingestion Exposure Route
Values
CAS No.
Chemical Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/kg)
Class II
(mg/kg)
ADL
(mg/kg)
145-73-3
Endothall
o
1,600
b
---
c
0.4
0.4
NA
72-20-8
Endrin
23
b
---
c
1
5
*
100-41-4
Ethylbenzene
7,800
b
400
d
13
19
*
206-44-0
Fluoranthene
3,100
b
---
c
4,300
b
21,000
*
86-73-7
Fluorene
3,100
b
---
c
560
b
2,800
*
76-44-8
Heptachlor
0.1
e
0.1
e
23
110
*
1024-57-3
Heptachlor epoxide
0.07
e
5
e
0.7
3.5
*
118-74-1
Hexachlorobenzene
0.4
e
1
e
2
20
*
319-84-6
alpha
-HCH (
alpha
-BHC)
0.1
e
0.8
e
0.0005
e,f
0.0025
0.002
58-89-9
gamma
-HCH (Lindane)
n
0.5
e
---
c
0.009
0.045
*
77-47-4
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
550
b
10
b
400
2,200
d
*
84
Exposure Route-Specific Values for Soils
Migration to Groundwater Portion of the
Groundwater Ingestion Exposure Route
Values
CAS No.
Chemical Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/kg)
Class II
(mg/kg)
ADL
(mg/kg)
67-72-1
Hexachloroethane
78
b
---
c
0.5
b
0.5
*
193-39-5
Indeno(1,2,3-
c,d
)pyrene
0.9
e
---
c
14
70
*
78-59-1
Isophorone
15,600
b
4,600
d
8
b
8
*
72-43-5
Methoxychlor
390
b
---
c
160
800
*
74-83-9
Methyl bromide
(Bromomethane)
110
b
10
b
0.2
b
0.2
*
75-09-2
Methylene chloride
(Dichloromethane)
85
e
13
e
0.02
e
0.2
*
91-20-3
Naphthalene
3,100
b
---
c
84
b
130
*
98-95-3
Nitrobenzene
39
b
92
b
0.1
b,f
0.1
0.26
1918-02-1
Picloram
o
5,500
b
---
c
2
20
NA
1336-36-3
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
n
1; 10
h
---
c,h
---
h
---
h
*
85
Exposure Route-Specific Values for Soils
Migration to Groundwater Portion of the
Groundwater Ingestion Exposure Route
Values
CAS No.
Chemical Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/kg)
Class II
(mg/kg)
ADL
(mg/kg)
129-00-0
Pyrene
2,300
b
---
c
4,200
b
21,000
*
122-34-9
Simazine
o
390
b
---
c
0.04
0.4
NA
100-42-5
Styrene
16,000
b
1,500
d
4
20
*
127-18-4
Tetrachloroethylene
(Perchloroethylene)
12
e
11
e
0.06
0.3
*
108-88-3
Toluene
16,000
b
650
d
12
30
*
8001-35-2
Toxaphene
n
0.6
e
89
e
31
150
*
120-82-1
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
780
b
3,200
b
5
50
*
71-55-6
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
---
c
1,200
d
2
10
*
79-00-5
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
310
b
1,800
d
0.02
0.2
*
79-01-6
Trichloroethylene
58
e
5
e
0.06
0.3
*
108-05-4
Vinyl acetate
78,000
b
1,000
b
170
b
170
*
86
Exposure Route-Specific Values for Soils
Migration to Groundwater Portion of the
Groundwater Ingestion Exposure Route
Values
CAS No.
Chemical Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/kg)
Class II
(mg/kg)
ADL
(mg/kg)
75-01-4
Vinyl chloride
0.3
e
0.03
e
0.01
f
0.05
*
108-38-3
m-Xylene
160,000
b
420
d
210
210
*
95-47-6
o-Xylene
160,000
b
410
d
190
190
*
106-42-3
p-Xylene
160,000
b
460
d
200
200
*
1330-20-7
Xylenes (total)
160,000
b
410
d
190
190
*
Ionizable Organics
65-85-0
Benzoic Acid
310,000
b
---
c
400
b,i
400
i
*
106-47-8
4-Chloroaniline
(p
-Chloroaniline)
310
b
---
c
0.7
b
0.7
1.3
95-57-8
2-Chlorophenol
390
b
53,000
d
4
b,i
4
i
*
120-83-2
2,4-Dichlorophenol
230
b
---
c
1
b,i
1
i
*
105-67-9
2,4-Dimethylphenol
1,600
b
---
c
9
b
9
*
87
Exposure Route-Specific Values for Soils
Migration to Groundwater Portion of the
Groundwater Ingestion Exposure Route
Values
CAS No.
Chemical Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/kg)
Class II
(mg/kg)
ADL
(mg/kg)
51-28-5
2,4-Dinitrophenol
160
b
---
c
0.3
b,f
0.3
3.3
88-85-7
Dinoseb
o
78
b
---
c
0.34
b,i
3.4
i
*
95-48-7
2-Methylphenol
(
o
- Cresol)
3,900
b
---
c
15
b
15
*
86-30-6
N
-Nitrosodiphenylamine
130
e
---
c
1
e
1
*
621-64-7
N
-Nitrosodi-
n
-propylamine
0.09
e,f
---
c
0.00005
e,f
0.00005
0.66
87-86-5
Pentachlorophenol
3
e,j
---
c
0.03
f,i
0.15
i
2.4
108-95-2
Phenol
47,000
b
---
c
100
b
100
*
93-72-1
2,4,5-TP
(Silvex)
630
b
---
c
11
i
55
i
*
95-95-4
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
7,800
b
---
c
270
b,i
1,200
i
*
88-06-2
2,4,6 Trichlorophenol
58
e
200
e
0.2
e,f,i
0.2
i
0.43
88
Exposure Route-specific Values for Soils
Migration to Groundwater Portion of the
Groundwater Ingestion Exposure Route
Values
CAS No.
Chemical Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/L)
TCLP
Class II
(mg/L)
TCLP
ADL
(mg/kg)
Inorganics
7440-36-0
Antimony
31
b
---
c
0.006
m
0.024
m
*
7440-38-2
Arsenic
l,n
0.4
e,t
750
e
0.05
m
0.2
m
*
7440-39-3
Barium
5,500
b
690,000
b
2.0
m
2.0
m
*
7440-41-7
Beryllium
0.1
e,t
1,300
e
0.004
m
0.5
m
*
7440-42-8
Boron
7,000
b
---
c
2.0
m
2.0
m
*
7440-43-9
Cadmium
l,n
78
b, r
1,800
e
0.005
m
0.05
m
*
16887-00-6
Chloride
---
c
---
c
200
m
200
m
*
7440-47-3
Chromium, total
390
b
270
e
0.1
m
1.0
m
*
16065-83-1
Chromium, ion, trivalent
78,000
b
---
c
---
g
---
g
*
18540-29-9
Chromium, ion, hexavalent
390
b
270
e
---
---
*
7440-48-4
Cobalt
4,700
b
---
c
1.0
m
1.0
m
*
89
Exposure Route-specific Values for Soils
Migration to Groundwater Portion of the
Groundwater Ingestion Exposure Route
Values
CAS No.
Chemical Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/L)
TCLP
Class II
(mg/L)
TCLP
ADL
(mg/kg)
7440-50-8
Copper
n
2,900
b
---
c
0.65
m
0.65
m
*
57-12-5
Cyanide (amenable)
1,600
b
---
c
0.2
q
0.6
q
*
7782-41-4
Fluoride
4,700
b
---
c
4.0
m
4.0
m
*
15438-31-0
Iron
---
c
---
c
5.0
m
5.0
m
*
7439-92-1
Lead
400
k
---
c
0.0075
m
0.1
m
*
7439-96-5
Manganese
3,900
b
74,000
b
0.15
m
10.0
m
*
7439-97-6
Mercury
l,n
23
b,s
10
b,i
0.002
m
0.01
m
*
7440-02-0
Nickel
l
1,600
b
13,000
e
0.1
m
2.0
m
*
14797-55-8
Nitrate as N
p
130,000
b
---
c
10.0
m
100
m
*
7782-49-2
Selenium
l,n
390
b
---
c
0.05
m
0.05
m
*
90
Exposure Route-specific Values for Soils
Migration to Groundwater Portion of the
Groundwater Ingestion Exposure Route
Values
CAS No.
Chemical Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/L)
TCLP
Class II
(mg/L)
TCLP
ADL
(mg/kg)
7440-22-4
Silver
390
b
---
c
0.05
m
---
*
14808-79-8
Sulfate
---
c
---
c
400
m
400
m
*
7440-28-0
Thallium
---
c
---
c
0.002
m
0.02
m
*
7440-62-2
Vanadium
550
b
---
c
0.049
m
---
*
7440-66-6
Zinc
l
23,000
b
---
c
5.0
o
10
o
*
"*" indicates that the ADL is less than or equal to the specified cleanup objective.
NA means not available; no PQL or EQL available in USEPA analytical methods.
Chemical Name and Soil Cleanup Objective Notations
a
Soil cleanup objectives based on human health criteria only.
b
Calculated values correspond to a target hazard quotient of 1.
c
No toxicity criteria available for the route of exposure.
d
Soil saturation concentration (C
sat
) = the concentration at which the absorptive limits of the soil particles, the
solubility limits of the available soil moisture, and saturation of soil pore air have been reached. Above the soil
saturation concentration, the assumptions regarding vapor transport to air and/or dissolved phase transport to
groundwater (for chemicals which are liquid at ambient soil temperatures) have been violated, and alternative
modeling approaches are required.
e
Calculated values correspond to a cancer risk level of 1 in 1,000,000.
f
Level is at or below Contract Laboratory Program required quantitation limit for Regular Analytical Services (RAS).
g
Chemical-specific properties are such that this route is not of concern at any soil contaminant concentration.
91
h
A preliminary goal of 1 ppm has been set for PCBs based on
Guidance on Remedial Actions for Superfund Sites with
PCB Contamination
, EPA/540G-90/007, and on USEPA efforts to manage PCB contamination. See 40 CFR
761.120 - USEPA "PCB Spill Cleanup Policy." This regulation goes on to say that the cleanup goal for an
unrestricted area is 10 ppm and 25 ppm for a restricted area, provided both have at least 10 inches of clean cover.
i
Soil cleanup objective for pH of 6.8. If soil pH is other than 6.8, refer to Appendix B, Tables C and D of this Part.
j
Ingestion soil cleanup objective adjusted by a factor of 0.5 to account for dermal route.
k
A preliminary remediation goal of 400 mg/kg has been set for lead based on
Revised Interim Soil Lead Guidance for
CERCLA Sites and RCRA Corrective Action Facilities
, OSWER Directive #9355.4-12.
l
Potential for soil-plant-human exposure.
m
Concentration in mg/L determined by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). The person
conducting the remediation has the option to use TCLP cleanup objectives listed in this Table or the applicable pH-
specific soil cleanup objectives listed in Appendix B, Tables C or D of this Part. If the person conducting the
remediation wishes to calculate soil cleanup objectives based on background concentrations, this should be done in
accordance with Subpart D of this Part.
n
The Agency reserves the right to evaluate the potential for remaining contaminant concentrations to pose significant
threats to crops, livestock, or wildlife.
o
For agrichemical facilities, cleanup objectives for surficial soils which are based on field application rates may be
more appropriate for currently registered pesticides. Consult the Agency for further information.
p
For agrichemical facilities, soil cleanup objectives based on site-specific background concentrations of Nitrate as N
may be more appropriate. Such determinations shall be conducted in accordance with the procedures set forth in
Subparts D and I of this Part.
q
For cyanide, the TCLP extraction must be done using water at a pH of 7.0.
r
Value based on dietary Reference Dose.
s
Value based on Reference Dose for Mercuric chloride (CAS No. 7487-94-7).
t
Note that Table value is likely to be less than background concentration for this chemical; screening or remediation
concentrations using the procedures of Subpart D of this Part may be more appropriate.
92
Section 742.APPENDIX B: Tier 1 Tables and Illustrations
Table B:
Tier 1 Soil Remediation Objectives
a
for Industrial/Commercial Properties
Exposure Route-Specific Values for Soils
Migration to
Groundwater Portion
of the Groundwater
Ingestion Exposure
Route
Industrial-
Commercial
Construction
Worker
Values
CAS No.
Chemical
Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/kg)
ClassII
(mg/kg)
ADL
(mg/kg)
83-32-9
Acenaphthene
120,000
b
-----
c
120,000
b
-----
c
570
b
2,800
*
67-64-1
Acetone
200,000
b
100,000
d
200,000
b
100,000
d
16
b
16
*
15972-60-8
Alachlor
o
72
e
-----
c
1,600
e
-----
c
0.04
0.2
NA
116-06-3
Aldicarb
o
2,000
b
-----
c
200
b
-----
c
0.013
0.07
NA
309-00-2
Aldrin
0.3
e
6.6
e
6.1
b
9.3
e
0.5
e
2.5
*
120-12-7
Anthracene
610,000
b
-----
c
610,000
b
-----
c
12,000
b
60,000
*
1912-24-9
Atrazine
o
72,000
b
-----
c
7,100
b
-----
c
0.066
0.33
NA
71-43-2
Benzene
200
e
1.5
e
4,300
e
1.7
e
0.03
0.15
*
93
Exposure Route-Specific Values for Soils
Migration to
Groundwater Portion
of the Groundwater
Ingestion Exposure
Route
Industrial-
Commercial
Construction
Worker
Values
CAS No.
Chemical
Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/kg)
ClassII
(mg/kg)
ADL
(mg/kg)
56-55-3
Benzo(
a
)anthracene
8
e
-----
c
170
e
-----
c
2
10
*
205-99-2
Benzo(
b
)fluoranthene
8
e
-----
c
170
e
-----
c
5
25
*
207-08-9
Benzo(
k
)fluroanthene
78
e
-----
c
1,700
e
-----
c
49
240
*
50-32-8
Benzo(
a
)pyrene
0.8
e
-----
c
17
e
-----
c
8
80
*
117-81-7
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
410
e
31,000
d
4,100
b
31,000
d
3,600
31,000
d
*
75-27-4
Bromodichloromethane
(Dichlorobromomethane)
92
e
3,000
d
2,000
e
3,000
d
0.6
3
*
75-25-2
Bromoform
720
e
100
e
16,000
e
140
e
0.8
4
*
71-36-3
Butanol
200,000
b
10,000
d
200,000
b
10,000
d
17
b
17
NA
85-68-7
Butyl benzyl phthalate
410,000
b
930
d
410,000
b
930
d
930
d
930
d
*
86-74-8
Carbazole
290
e
-----
c
6,200
e
-----
c
-----
-----
NA
94
Exposure Route-Specific Values for Soils
Migration to
Groundwater Portion
of the Groundwater
Ingestion Exposure
Route
Industrial-
Commercial
Construction
Worker
Values
CAS No.
Chemical
Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/kg)
ClassII
(mg/kg)
ADL
(mg/kg)
1563-66-2
Carbofuran
o
10,000
b
-----
c
1,000
b
-----
c
0.22
1.1
NA
75-15-0
Carbon disulfide
200,000
b
720
d
20,000
b
9.0
b
32
b
160
*
56-23-5
Carbon tetrachloride
44
e
0.64
e
410
b
0.90
e
0.07
0.35
*
57-74-9
Chlordane
4
e
38
e
12
b
53
e
10
50
*
108-90-7
Chlorobenzene
(Monochlorobenzene)
41,000
b
210
b
4,100
b
1.3
b
1
5
*
124-48-1
Chlorodibromomethane
(Dibromochloromethane)
41,000
b
1,300
d
41,000
b
1,300
d
0.4
2
*
67-66-3
Chloroform
940
e
0.54
e
2,000
b
0.76
e
0.6
3
*
218-01-9
Chrysene
780
e
-----
c
17,000
e
-----
e
160
800
*
94-75-7
2,4-D
20,000
b
-----
c
2,000
b
-----
c
1.5
7.7
*
75-99-0
Dalapon
61,000
b
-----
c
6,100
b
-----
c
0.85
8.5
1.2
95
Exposure Route-Specific Values for Soils
Migration to
Groundwater Portion
of the Groundwater
Ingestion Exposure
Route
Industrial-
Commercial
Construction
Worker
Values
CAS No.
Chemical
Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/kg)
ClassII
(mg/kg)
ADL
(mg/kg)
72-54-8
DDD
24
e
-----
c
520
e
-----
c
16
e
80
*
72-55-9
DDE
17
e
-----
c
370
e
-----
c
54
e
270
*
50-29-3
DDT
17
e
1,500
e
100
b
2,100
e
32
e
160
*
53-70-3
Dibenzo(
a,h
)anthracene
0.8
e
-----
c
17
e
-----
c
2
10
*
96-12-8
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
4
e
17
b
89
e
0.11
b
0.002
0.002
*
106-93-4
1,2-Dibromoethane
(Ethylene dibromide)
0.07
e
0.32
e
1.5
e
0.45
e
0.0004
0.004
0.005
84-74-2
Di-
n
-butyl phthalate
200,000
b
2,300
d
200,000
b
2,300
d
2,300
d
2,300
d
*
95-50-1
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
(
o
- Dichlorobenzene)
180,000
b
560
d
18,000
b
340
b
17
85
*
106-46-7
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
(
p
- Dichlorobenzene)
-----
c
17,000
b
-----
c
350
b
2
10
*
96
Exposure Route-Specific Values for Soils
Migration to
Groundwater Portion of
the Groundwater Ingestion
Exposure Route
Industrial-
Commercial
Construction
Worker
Values
CAS No.
Chemical
Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/kg)
ClassII
(mg/kg)
ADL
(mg/kg)
91-94-1
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
13
e
-----
c
280
e
-----
c
0.007
e,f
0.035
1.3
75-34-3
1,1-Dichloroethane
200,000
b
1,700
d
200,000
b
140
b
23
b
110
*
107-06-2
1,2-Dichloroethane
(Ethylene dichloride)
63
e
0.70
e
1,400
e
0.99
e
0.02
0.1
*
75-35-4
1,1-Dichloroethylene
18,000
b
-----
c
1,800
b
-----
c
0.06
0.3
*
156-59-2
cis
-1,2-Dichloroethylene
20,000
b
1,200
d
20,000
b
1,200
d
0.4
1.1
*
156-60-5
trans
-1,2-Dichloroethylene
41,000
b
3,100
d
41,000
b
3,100
d
0.7
3.5
*
78-97-5
1,2-Dichloropropane
84
e
23
b
1,800
e
0.50
b
0.03
1.5
*
542-75-6
1,3-Dichloropropene
(1,3-Dichloropropylene,
cis
+
trans
)
33
e
0.23
e
610
b
0.33
e
0.004
e
0.02
0.005
60-57-1
Dieldrin
n
0.4
e
2.2
e
7.8
e
3.1
e
0.004
e
0.02
0.0013
84-66-2
Diethyl phthalate
1,000,000
b
2,000
d
1,000,000
b
2,000
d
470
b
470
*
97
Exposure Route-Specific Values for Soils
Migration to
Groundwater Portion
of the Groundwater
Ingestion Exposure
Route
Industrial-
Commercial
Construction
Worker
Values
CAS No.
Chemical
Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/kg)
ClassII
(mg/kg)
ADL
(mg/kg)
121-14-2
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
8.4
e
-----
c
180
e
-----
c
0.0008
e,f
0.0008
0.013
606-20-2
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
8.4
e
-----
c
180
e
-----
c
0.0007
e,f
0.0007
0.0067
117-84-0
Di-
n
-octyl phthalate
41,000
e
10,000
d
4,100
b
10,000
d
10,000
d
10,000
d
*
115-29-7
Endosulfan
12,000
e
-----
c
1,200
b
-----
c
18
b
18
*
145-73-3
Endothall
o
41,000
c
-----
c
4,100
b
-----
c
0.4
0.4
NA
72-20-8
Endrin
610
b
-----
c
61
b
-----
c
1
5
*
100-41-4
Ethylbenzene
200,000
b
400
d
20,000
b
58
b
13
19
*
206-44-0
Fluoranthene
82,000
b
-----
c
82,000
b
-----
c
4,300
b
21,000
*
86-73-7
Fluorene
82,000
b
-----
c
82,000
b
-----
c
560
b
2,800
*
76-44-8
Heptachlor
1
e
11
e
28
e
16
e
23
110
*
1024-57-3
Heptachlor epoxide
0.6
e
9.2
e
2.7
b
13
e
0.7
3.5
*
98
Exposure Route-Specific Values for Soils
Migration to
Groundwater Portion
of the Groundwater
Ingestion Exposure
Route
Industrial-
Commercial
Construction
Worker
Values
CAS No.
Chemical
Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/kg)
ClassII
(mg/kg)
ADL
(mg/kg)
118-74-1
Hexachlorobenzene
4
e
1.9
e
78
e
2.6
e
2
20
*
319-84-6
alpha
-HCH (
alpha
-BHC)
0.9
e
1.5
e
20
e
2.1
e
0.0005
e,f
0.0025
0.002
58-89-9
gamma
-HCH (Lindane)
n
4
e
-----
c
96
e
-----
c
0.009
0.045
*
77-47-4
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
14,000
b
17
b
14,000
b
1.1
b
400
2,200
d
*
67-72-1
Hexachloroethane
2,000
b
-----
c
2,000
b
-----
c
0.5
b
0.5
*
193-39-5
Indeno(1,2,3-
c,d
)pyrene
8
e
-----
c
170
e
-----
c
14
70
*
78-59-1
Isophorone
410,000
b
4,600
d
410,000
b
4,600
d
8
b
8
*
72-43-5
Methoxychlor
10,000
b
-----
c
1,000
b
-----
c
160
800
*
74-83-9
Methyl bromide
(Bromomethane)
2,900
b
15
b
1,000
b
4.3
b
0.2
b
0.2
*
75-09-2
Methylene chloride
(Dichloromethane)
760
e
25
e
12,000
b
38
e
0.02
e
0.2
*
99
Exposure Route-Specific Values for Soils
Migration to
Groundwater Portion
of the Groundwater
Ingestion Exposure
Route
Industrial-
Commercial
Construction
Worker
Values
CAS No.
Chemical
Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/kg)
ClassII
(mg/kg)
ADL
(mg/kg)
91-20-3
Naphthalene
82,000
b
-----
c
8,200
b
-----
c
84
b
130
*
98-95-3
Nitrobenzene
1,000
b
150
b
1,000
b
10
b
0.1
b,f
0.1
0.26
1918-02-1
Picloram
o
140,000
b
-----
c
14,000
b
-----
c
2
20
NA
1336-36-3
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
n
1; 10; 25
h
-----
c,h
1
h
-----
c,h
-----
h
-----
h
*
129-00-0
Pyrene
61,000
b
-----
c
61,000
b
-----
c
4,200
b
21,000
*
122-34-9
Simazine
o
10,000
b
-----
c
1,000
b
-----
c
0.04
0.4
NA
100-42-5
Styrene
410,000
b
1,500
d
41,000
b
470
b
4
20
*
127-18-4
Tetrachloroethylene
(Perchloroethylene)
110
e
20
e
2,400
e
31
e
0.06
0.3
*
108-88-3
Toluene
410,000
b
650
d
410,000
b
47
b
12
30
*
8001-35-2
Toxaphene
n
5.2
e
170
e
110
e
260
e
31
150
*
100
Exposure Route-Specific Values for Soils
Migration to
Groundwater Portion
of the Groundwater
Ingestion Exposure
Route
Industrial-
Commercial
Construction
Worker
Values
CAS No.
Chemical
Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/kg)
ClassII
(mg/kg)
ADL
(mg/kg)
120-82-1
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
20,000
b
3,200
d
2,000
b
1,000
b
5
50
*
71-55-6
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
-----
c
1,200
d
-----
c
1,200
d
2
10
*
79-00-5
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
8,200
b
-----
c
1,200
b
-----
c
0.02
0.2
*
79-01-6
Trichloroethylene
520
e
8.9
e
1,200
b
14
e
0.06
0.3
*
108-05-4
Vinyl acetate
1,000,000
b
1,600
b
200,000
b
11
b
170
b
170
*
75-01-4
Vinyl chloride
3
e
0.31
e
65
e
0.47
e
0.01
f
0.05
*
108-38-3
m-Xylene
1,000,000
420
d
410,000
b
420
d
210
210
*
95-47-6
o-Xylene
1,000,000
410
d
410,000
b
410
d
190
190
*
106-42-3
p-Xylene
1,000,000
460
d
410,000
b
460
d
200
200
*
1330-20-7
Xylenes (total)
1,000,000
b
410
d
410,000
b
410
d
190
190
*
65-85-0
Benzoic Acid
1,000,000
b
-----
c
820,000
b
-----
c
400
b,i
400
i
*
101
Exposure Route-Specific Values for Soils
Migration to
Groundwater Portion
of the Groundwater
Ingestion Exposure
Route
Industrial-
Commercial
Construction
Worker
Values
CAS No.
Chemical
Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/kg)
ClassII
(mg/kg)
ADL
(mg/kg)
Ionizable Organics
106-47-8
4 - Chloroaniline
(p
-Chloroaniline)
8,200
b
-----
c
820
b
-----
c
0.7
b
0.7
1.3
95-57-8
2-Chlorophenol
10,000
b
53,000
d
10,000
b
53,000
d
4
b,i
4
i
*
120-83-2
2,4-Dichlorophenol
6,100
b
-----
c
610
b
-----
c
1
b,i
1
i
*
105-67-9
2,4-Dimethylphenol
41,000
b
-----
c
41,000
b
-----
c
9
b
9
*
51-28-5
2,4-Dinitrophenol
4,100
b
-----
c
410
b
-----
c
0.3
b,f,i
0.3
i
3.3
88-85-7
Dinoseb
o
2,000
b
-----
c
200
b
-----
c
0.34
b,i
3.4
i
*
95-48-7
2-Methylphenol
(
o
- Cresol)
100,000
b
-----
c
100,000
b
-----
c
15
b
15
*
86-30-6
N
-Nitrosodiphenylamine
1,200
e
-----
c
25,000
e
-----
c
1
e
1
0.66
621-64-7
N
-Nitrosodi-
n
-propylamine
0.8
e
-----
c
18
e
-----
c
0.00005
e,f
0.00005
0.66
87-86-5
Pentachlorophenol
24
e,j
-----
c
520
e,j
-----
c
0.03
f,i
0.15
i
2.4
102
Exposure Route-Specific Values for Soils
Migration to
Groundwater Portion
of the Groundwater
Ingestion Exposure
Route
Industrial-
Commercial
Construction
Worker
Values
CAS No.
Chemical
Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/kg)
ClassII
(mg/kg)
ADL
(mg/kg)
108-95-2
Phenol
1,000,000
b
-----
c
120,000
b
-----
c
100
b
100
*
93-72-1
2,4,5-TP
(Silvex)
16,000
b
-----
c
1,600
b
-----
c
11
i
55
i
*
95-95-4
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
200,000
b
-----
c
200,000
b
-----
c
270
b,i
1,200
i
*
88-06-2
2,4,6 Trichlorophenol
520
e
390
e
11,000
e
590
e
0.2
e,f,i
0.2
i
0.43
103
Exposure Route-Specific Values for Soils
Migration to Groundwater
Portion of the
Groundwater Exposure
Route
Industrial-
Commercial
Construction
Worker
Values
CAS No.
Chemical
Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/L)
Class II
(mg/L)
Inorganics
7440-36-0
Antimony
820
b
-----
c
82
b
-----
c
0.006
m
0.024
m
*
7440-38-2
Arsenic
l,n
3
e,t
1,200
e
61
b
25,000
e
0.05
m
0.2
m
7440-39-3
Barium
140,000
b
910,000
b
14,000
b
870,000
b
2.0
m
2.0
m
*
7440-41-7
Beryllium
1
e,t
2,100
e
29
e
44,000
e
0.004
m
0.5
m
*
7440-42-8
Boron
180,000
b
1,000,000
18,000
b
1,000,000
2.0
m
2.0
m
*
7440-43-9
Cadmium
l,n
2,000
b,r
2,800
e
200
b,r
59,000
e
0.005
m
0.05
m
*
16887-00-6
Chloride
-------
c
-----
c
-----
c
-----
c
200
m
200
m
*
7440-47-3
Chromium, total
10,000
b
420
e
4,100
b
8,800
e
0.1
m
1.0
m
*
16065-83-1
Chromium, ion, trivalent
1,000,000
b
-----
c
330,000
b
-----
c
-----
g
-----
g
*
18540-29-9
Chromium, ion, hexavalent
10,000
b
420
e
4,100
b
8,800
e
-----
-----
*
104
Exposure Route-Specific Values for Soils
Migration to Groundwater
Portion of the
Groundwater Ingestion
Exposure Route
Industrial-
Commercial
Construction
Worker
Values
CAS No.
Chemical
Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/L)
Class II
(mg/L)
7440-48-4
Cobalt
120,000
b
-----
c
12,000
b
-----
c
1.0
m
1.0
m
*
7440-50-8
Copper
n
82,000
b
-----
c
8,200
b
-----
c
0.65
m
0.65
m
*
57-12-5
Cyanide (amenable)
41,000
b
-----
c
4,100
b
-----
c
0.2
q
0.6
q
*
7782-41-4
Fluoride
120,000
b
-----
c
12,000
b
-----
c
4.0
m
4.0
m
*
15438-31-0
Iron
-----
c
-----
c
-----
c
-----
c
5.0
m
5.0
m
*
7439-92-1
Lead
400
k
-----
c
400
k
-----
c
0.0075
m
0.1
m
*
7439-96-5
Manganese
100,000
b
91,000
b
10,000
b
8,700
b
0.15
m
10.0
m
*
7439-97-6
Mercury
l,n
610
b
540,000
b
61
b,s
52,000
b
0.002
m
0.01
m
*
7440-02-0
Nickel
l
41,000
b
21,000
e
4,100
b
440,000
e
0.1
m
2.0
m
*
14797-55-8
Nitrate as N
p
1,000,000
b
-----
c
330,000
b
-----
c
10.0
m
100
m
*
7782-49-2
Selenium
l,n
10,000
b
-----
c
1,000
b
-----
c
0.05
m
0.05
m
*
105
Exposure Route-Specific Values for Soils
Migration to
Groundwater Portion
of the Groundwater
Ingestion Exposure
Route
Industrial-
Commercial
Construction
Worker
Values
CAS No.
Chemical
Name
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Ingestion
(mg/kg)
Inhalation
(mg/kg)
Class I
(mg/L)
Class II
(mg/L)
7440-22-4
Silver
10,000
b
-----
c
1,000
b
-----
c
0.05
m
-----
*
14808-79-8
Sulfate
-----
c
-----
c
-----
c
-----
c
400
m
400
m
*
7440-28-0
Thallium
-----
c
-----
c
-----
c
-----
c
0.002
m
0.02
m
*
7440-62-2
Vanadium
14,000
b
-----
c
1,400
b
-----
c
0.049
m
-----
*
7440-66-6
Zinc
l
610,000
b
-----
c
61,000
b
-----
c
5.0
o
10
o
*
"*" indicates that the ADL is less than or equal to the specified cleanup objective.
NA means Not Available; no PQL or EQL available in USEPA analytical methods.
Chemical Name and Soil Cleanup Objective Notations (2nd, 5th thru 8th Columns)
a
Soil cleanup objectives based on human health criteria only.
b
Calculated values correspond to a target hazard quotient of 1.
c
No toxicity criteria available for this route of exposure.
d
Soil saturation concentration (C
sat
) = the concentration at which the absorptive limits of the soil particles, the solubility limits of the available soil
moisture, and saturation of soil pore air have been reached. Above the soil saturation concentration, the assumptions regarding vapor transport to air
and/or dissolved phase transport to groundwater (for chemicals which are liquid at ambient soil temperatures) have been violated, and alternative
modeling approaches are required.
e
Calculated values correspond to a cancer risk level of 1 in 1,000,000. Site-specific conditions may warrant use of a greater risk level but not to
exceed 1 in 10,000.
106
f
Level is at or below Contract Laboratory Program required quantitation limit for Regular Analytical Services (RAS).
g
Chemical-specific properties are such that this route is not of concern at any soil contaminant concentration.
h
A preliminary goal of 1 ppm has been set for PCBs based on
Guidance on Remedial Actions for Superfund Sites with PCB Contamination
, EPA/540G-
90/007, and on USEPA efforts to manage PCB contamination. See 40 CFR 761.120 for USEPA "PCB Spill Cleanup Policy." This regulation goes on
to say that the cleanup goal for an unrestricted area is 10 ppm and 25 ppm for a restricted area, provided both have at least 10 inches of clean cover.
I
Soil cleanup objective for pH of 6.8. If soil pH is other than 6.8, refer to Appendix B, Tables C and D in this Part.
j
Ingestion soil cleanup objective adjusted by a factor of 0.5 to account for dermal route.
k
A preliminary remediation goal of 400 mg/kg has been set for lead based on
Revised Interim Soil Lead Guidance for CERCLA Sites and RCRA
Corrective Action Facilities
, OSWER Directive #9355.4-12.
l
Potential for soil-plant-human exposure.
m
Concentration in mg/L determined by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). The person conducting the remediation has the option
to use TCLP cleanup objectives listed in this Table or the applicable pH-specific soil cleanup objectives in Appendix B, Tables C or D of this Part. If
the person wishes to calculate cleanup objectives based on background concentrations, this should be done in accordance with Subpart D of this Part.
n
The Agency reserves the right to evaluate the potential for remaining contaminant concentrations to pose significant threats to crops, livestock, or
wildlife.
o
For agrichemical facilities, cleanup objectives for surficial soils which are based on field application rates may be more appropriate for currently
registered pesticides. Consult the Agency for further information.
p
For agrichemical facilities, soil cleanup objectives based on site-specific background concentrations of Nitrate as N may be more appropriate. Such
determinations shall be conducted in accordance with the located in Subparts D and I of this Part.
q
For cyanide, the TCLP extraction must be done using water at a pH of 7.0.
r
Value based on dietary Reference Dose.
s
Value based on Reference Dose for Mercuric chloride (CAS No. 7487-94-7).
t
Note that Table value is likely to be less than background concentration for this chemical; screening or remediation concentrations using the
procedures of Subpart D of this Part.
107
Section 742.APPENDIX B: Tier 1 Tables and Illustrations
Table C:
pH Specific Soil Remediation Objectives for Inorganics and Ionizing Organics for the Migration to
Groundwater Portion of the Groundwater Ingestion Route (Class I Groundwater)
Chemical (totals)
(mg/kg)
pH 4.5 to
4.74
pH 4.75
to 5.24
pH 5.25
to 5.74
pH 5.75
to 6.24
pH 6.25
to 6.64
pH 6.65
to 6.89
pH 6.9
to 7.24
pH 7.25
to 7.74
pH 7.75
to 8.0
Inorganics
Antimony
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Arsenic
25
26
27
28
29
29
29
30
31
Barium
260
490
850
1,200
1,500
1,600
1,700
1,800
2,100
Beryllium
1.1
2.1
3.4
6.6
22
63
140
1,000
8,000
Cadmium
1.0
1.7
2.7
3.7
5.2
7.5
11
59
430
Chromium (+6)
70
62
54
46
40
38
36
32
28
Copper
330
580
2,100
11,000
59,000
130,000
200,000
330,000
330,000
Cyanide
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
Mercury
0.01
0.01`
0.03
0.15
0.89
2.1
3.3
6.4
8.0
Nickel
20
36
56
76
100
130
180
700
3,800
Selenium
24
17
12
8.8
6.3
5.2
4.5
3.3
2.4
Silver
0.24
0.33
0.62
1.5
4.4
8.5
13
39
110
108
Chemical (totals)
(mg/kg)
pH 4.5 to
4.74
pH 4.75
to 5.24
pH 5.25
to 5.74
pH 5.75
to 6.24
pH 6.25
to 6.64
pH 6.65
to 6.89
pH 6.9
to 7.24
pH 7.25
to 7.74
pH 7.75
to 8.0
Thallium
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.4
3.8
Vanadium
980
980
980
980
980
980
980
980
980
Zinc
1,000
1,800
2,600
3,600
5,100
6,200
7,500
16,000
53,000
Organics
Benzoic Acid
440
420
410
400
400
400
400
400
400
2-Chlorophenol
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.2
2.7
2,4-Dichlorophenol
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.0
0.90
0.72
Dinoseb
8.4
4.5
1.9
0.82
0.43
0.34
0.31
0.27
0.25
Pentachlorophenol
0.54
0.32
0.15
0.07
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
26
16
12
11
11
11
11
11
11
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
350
340
340
320
280
270
200
110
56
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
0.37
0.36
0.34
0.26
0.20
0.15
0.13
0.09
0.07
109
Section 742.APPENDIX B
Table D:
pH Specific Soil Remediation Objectives for Inorganics and Ionizing Organics for the Migration to
Groundwater Portion of the Groundwater Ingestion Route (Class II Groundwater)
Chemical (totals)
(mg/kg)
pH 4.5 to
4.74
pH 4.75
to 5.24
pH 5.25
to 5.74
pH 5.75
to 6.24
pH 6.25
to 6.64
pH 6.65
to 6.89
pH 6.9
to 7.24
pH 7.25
to 7.74
pH 7.75
to 8.0
Inorganics
Antimony
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Arsenic
100
100
100
110
110
120
120
120
120
Barium
260
490
850
1,200
1,500
1,600
1,700
1,800
2,100
Beryllium
140
260
420
820
2,800
7,900
17,000
130,000
1,000,000
Cadmium
10
17
27
37
52
75
110
590
4,300
Chromium (+6)
No Data
No Data
No Data
No Data
No Data
No Data
No Data
No Data
No Data
Copper
330
580
2,100
11,000
59,000
130,000
200,000
330,000
330,000
Cyanide
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
Mercury
0.05
0.06
0.14
0.75
4.4
10
16
32
40
Nickel
400
730
1,100
1,500
2,000
2,600
3,500
14,000
76,000
Selenium
24
17
12
8.8
6.3
5.2
4.5
3.3
2.4
Thallium
16
18
20
24
26
28
30
34
38
Zinc
2,000
3,600
5,200
7,200
10,000
12,000
15,000
32,000
110,000
110
Chemical (totals)
(mg/kg)
pH 4.5 to
4.74
pH 4.75
to 5.24
pH 5.25
to 5.74
pH 5.75
to 6.24
pH 6.25
to 6.64
pH 6.65
to 6.89
pH 6.9
to 7.24
pH 7.25
to 7.74
pH 7.75
to 8.0
Organics
Benzoic Acid
440
420
410
400
400
400
400
400
400
2-Chlorophenol
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.2
2.7
2,4-Dichlorophenol
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.0
0.90
0.72
Dinoseb
84
45
19
8.2
4.3
3.4
3.1
2.7
2.5
Pentachlorophenol
2.7
1.6
0.75
0.33
0.18
0.15
0.12
0.11
0.10
2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
130
79
62
57
55
55
55
55
55
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
1,700
1,700
1,700
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
560
280
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
0.37
0.36
0.34
0.26
0.20
0.15
0.13
0.09
0.07
111
Section 742.APPENDIX B:
Tier 1 Tables and Illustrations
TABLE E:
Tier 1 Groundwater Remediation Objectives for the Direct Ingestion of
Groundwater Portion of the Groundwater Ingestion Route
Groundwater Cleanup Objective
CAS No.
Chemical Name
Class I
(mg/L)
Class II
(mg/L)
83-32-9
Acenaphthene
0.42
2.1
67-64-1
Acetone
0.7
0.7
15972-60-8
Alachlor
0.002
c
0.01
c
116-06-3
Aldicarb
0.003
c
0.015
c
309-00-2
Aldrin
0.00004
a
0.0002
120-12-7
Anthracene
2.1
10.5
1912-24-9
Atrazine
0.003
c
0.015
c
71-43-2
Benzene
0.005
c
0.025
c
56-55-3
Benzo(
a
)anthracene
0.00013
a
0.00065
205-99-2
Benzo(
b
)fluoranthene
0.00018
a
0.0009
207-08-9
Benzo(
k
)fluroanthene
0.00017
a
0.00085
50-32-8
Benzo(
a
)pyrene
0.0002
a,c
0.002
c
111-44-4
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
0.01
a
0.01
117-81-7
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
0.006
a,c
0.06
c
75-27-4
Bromodichloromethane
(Dichlorobromomethane)
0.00002
a
0.0001
75-25-2
Bromoform
0.0002
a
0.0002
71-36-3
Butanol
0.7
0.7
85-68-7
Butyl benzyl phthalate
1.4
7.0
86-74-8
Carbazole
---
---
1563-66-2
Carbofuran
0.04
c
0.2
c
75-15-0
Carbon disulfide
0.7
3.5
56-23-5
Carbon tetrachloride
0.005
c
0.025
c
57-74-9
Chlordane
0.002
c
0.01
c
112
Groundwater Cleanup Objective
CAS No.
Chemical Name
Class I
(mg/L)
Class II
(mg/L)
108-90-7
Chlorobenzene
(Monochlorobenzene)
0.1
c
0.5
c
124-48-1
Chlorodibromomethane
(Dibromochloromethane)
0.14
0.14
67-66-3
Chloroform
0.00002
a
0.0001
218-01-9
Chrysene
0.0015
a
0.0075
94-75-7
2,4-D
0.07
c
0.35
c
75-99-0
Dalapon
0.2
c
2.0
c
72-54-8
DDD
0.00011
a
0.00055
72-55-9
DDE
0.00004
a
0.0002
50-29-3
DDT
0.00012
a
0.0006
53-70-3
Dibenzo(
a,h
)anthracene
0.0003
a
0.0015
96-12-8
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
0.0002
c
0.0002
c
106-93-4
1,2-Dibromoethane
(Ethylene dibromide)
0.00005
a,c
0.0005
c
84-74-2
Di-
n
-butyl phthalate
0.7
3.5
95-50-1
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
(
o
- Dichlorobenzene)
0.6
c
1.5
c
106-46-7
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
(
p
- Dichlorobenzene)
0.075
c
0.375
c
91-94-1
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
0.02
a
0.1
75-34-3
1,1-Dichloroethane
0.7
3.5
107-06-2
1,2-Dichloroethane
(Ethylene dichloride)
0.005
c
0.025
c
75-35-4
1,1-Dichloroethylene
b
0.007
c
0.035
c
156-59-2
cis
-1,2-Dichloroethylene
0.07
c
0.2
c
156-60-5
trans
-1,2-Dichloroethylene
0.1
c
0.5
c
78-97-5
1,2-Dichloropropane
0.005
c
0.025
c
542-75-6
1,3-Dichloropropene
(1,3-Dichloropropylene,
cis
+
trans
)
0.001
a
0.005
113
Groundwater Cleanup Objective
CAS No.
Chemical Name
Class I
(mg/L)
Class II
(mg/L)
60-57-1
Dieldrin
0.00002
a
0.0001
84-66-2
Diethyl phthalate
5.6
5.6
121-14-2
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
a
0.00002
0.00002
606-20-2
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
a
0.0001
0.0001
88-85-7
Dinoseb
0.007
c
0.07
c
117-84-0
Di-
n
-octyl phthalate
0.14
0.7
115-29-7
Endosulfan
0.042
0.042
145-73-3
Endothall
0.1
c
0.1
c
72-20-8
Endrin
0.002
c
0.01
c
100-41-4
Ethylbenzene
0.7
c
1.0
c
206-44-0
Fluoranthene
0.28
1.4
86-73-7
Fluorene
0.28
1.4
76-44-8
Heptachlor
0.0004
c
0.002
c
1024-57-3
Heptachlor epoxide
0.0002
c
0.001
c
118-74-1
Hexachlorobenzene
0.00006
a
0.0003
319-84-6
alpha
-HCH (
alpha
-BHC)
0.00003
a
0.00015
58-89-9
gamma
-HCH (Lindane)
0.0002
c
0.001
c
77-47-4
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
0.05
c
0.5
c
67-72-1
Hexachloroethane
0.007
0.007
193-39-5
Indeno(1,2,3-
c,d
)pyrene
0.00043
a
0.00215
78-59-1
Isophorone
1.4
1.4
72-43-5
Methoxychlor
0.04
c
0.2
c
74-83-9
Methyl bromide
(Bromomethane)
0.0098
0.0098
75-09-2
Methylene chloride
(Dichloromethane)
0.005
c
0.05
c
91-20-3
Naphthalene
2
0.025
0.039
98-95-3
Nitrobenzene
2
0.0035
0.0035
114
Groundwater Cleanup Objective
CAS No.
Chemical Name
Class I
(mg/L)
Class II
(mg/L)
1918-02-1
Picloram
0.5
c
5.0
c
1336-36-3
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
n
0.0005
c
0.0025
c
129-00-0
Pyrene
0.21
1.05
122-34-9
Simazine
0.004
c
0.04
c
100-42-5
Styrene
0.1
c
0.5
c
93-72-1
2,4,5-TP
(Silvex)
0.05
c
0.25
c
127-18-4
Tetrachloroethylene
(Perchloroethylene)
0.005
c
0.025
c
108-88-3
Toluene
1.0
c
2.5
c
8001-35-2
Toxaphene
0.00
c
0.015
c
120-82-1
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
0.07
c
0.7
c
71-55-6
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
2
0.2
c
1.0
c
79-00-5
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
0.005
c
0.05
c
79-01-6
Trichloroethylene
0.005
c
0.025
c
108-05-4
Vinyl acetate
7.0
7.0
75-01-4
Vinyl chloride
0.002
c
0.01
c
1330-20-7
Xylenes (total)
10.0
c
10.0
c
Ionizable Organics
65-85-0
Benzoic Acid
28
28
106-47-8
4-Chloroaniline
(p
-Chloroaniline)
0.028
0.028
95-57-8
2-Chlorophenol
0.035
0.035
120-83-2
2,4-Dichlorophenol
0.021
0.021
105-67-9
2,4-Dimethylphenol
0.14
0.14
51-28-5
2,4-Dinitrophenol
0.014
0.014
95-48-7
2-Methylphenol
(
o
- Cresol)
0.35
0.35
86-30-6
N
-Nitrosodiphenylamine
0.01
a
0.01
115
Groundwater Cleanup Objective
CAS No.
Chemical Name
Class I
(mg/L)
Class II
(mg/L)
621-64-7
N
-Nitrosodi-
n
-propylamine
0.01
a
0.01
87-86-5
Pentachlorophenol
0.001
a,c
0.005
c
108-95-2
Phenol
0.1
c
0.1
c
95-95-4
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
0.7
3.5
88-06-2
2,4,6 Trichlorophenol
0.0064
a
0.0064
Inorganics
7440-36-0
Antimony
0.006
c
0.024
c
7440-38-2
Arsenic
0.05
c
0.2
c
7440-39-3
Barium
2.0
c
2.0
c
7440-41-7
Beryllium
0.004
c
0.5
c
7440-42-8
Boron
2.0
c
2.0
c
7440-43-9
Cadmium
0.005
c
0.05
c
16887-00-6
Chloride
200
c
200
c
7440-47-3
Chromium, total
0.1
c
1.0
c
18540-29-9
Chromium, ion, hexavalent
---
---
7440-48-4
Cobalt
1.0
c
1.0
c
7440-50-8
Copper
0.65
c
0.65
c
57-12-5
Cyanide
0.2
c
0.6
c
7782-41-4
Fluoride
4.0
c
4.0
c
15438-31-0
Iron
5.0
c
5.0
c
7439-92-1
Lead
0.0075
c
0.1
c
7439-96-5
Manganese
0.15
c
10.0
c
7439-97-6
Mercury
0.002
c
0.01
c
7440-02-0
Nickel
0.1
c
2.0
c
14797-55-8
Nitrate as N
10.0
c
100
c
7782-49-2
Selenium
0.05
c
0.05
c
7440-22-4
Silver
0.05
c
---
14808-79-8
Sulfate
400
c
400
c
116
Groundwater Cleanup Objective
CAS No.
Chemical Name
Class I
(mg/L)
Class II
(mg/L)
7440-28-0
Thallium
0.002
c
0.02
c
7440-62-2
Vanadium
2
0.049
---
7440-66-6
Zinc
5.0
c
10
c
Chemical Name and Groundwater Cleanup Objective Notations
a
The groundwater Health Advisory concentration is equal to ADL for carcinogens.
b
Oral Reference Dose and/or Reference Concentration under review by USEPA. Listed values subject to
change.
c
Value listed is also the Groundwater Quality Standard for this chemical pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code
620.410 for Class I Groundwater or 35 Ill. Adm. Code 620.420 for Class II Groundwater.
117
Section 742.APPENDIX B: Tier 1 Tables
and Illustrations
Illustration A: Tier 1 Evaluation
Site
Characterization
Agricultural or
Conservation
Receptors
Tier 3
Evaluation
Residential Property
Appendix B, Table A
and Table E
Objectives
Industrial or
Commercial Property
Appendix B, Table B
and Table E
Objectives
Appendix B, Tables C & D
Soil pH determination if COC's
have pH dependent solubility
(Optional)
Determine Tier 1 remediation
objectives
(i.e., most restrictive value
from the three exposure
routes)
Compare site data to remediation objectives
and determine:
1. Which COC's are below the Tier 1 objectives
2. Which COC's are still of concern
3. Can soil averaging or compositing be used
Remediate to
Tier 1
objectives
Tier 2 evaluation for
all COC's not
eliminated in all
applicable pathways
Tier 3 evaluation
for various
situations
No Further Remediation
if all COC'c are eliminated
(Institutional controls required for
industrial/commercial objectives)
Section 742.APPENDIX C:
Tier 2 Tables and Illustrations
Table A:
SSL Equations
Equations for Soil
Ingestion Exposure
Route
Remediation Objectives for
Noncarcinogenic Contaminants
(mg/kg)
THQ
BW
AT
d
yr
RfDo
kg
mg
EF
ED
IRsoil
•
•
•
•
−
•
•
•
365
1
10
6
S1
Remediation Objectives for
Carcinogenic Contaminants -
Residential
(mg/kg)
TR
AT
d
yr
SF
kg
mg
EF
IF
c
o
soil
adj
•
•
•
•
•
−
−
365
10
6
S2
Remediation Objectives for
Carcinogenic
Contaminants - Industrial/
Commercial, Construction
Worker
(mg/kg)
TR
BW
AT
d
yr
SF
kg
mg
EF
ED
IR
c
o
soil
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
−
365
10
6
S3
Equations for
Inhalation Exposure
Route (Volatiles)
Remediation Objectives for
Noncarcinogenic Contaminants
- Residential,
Industrial/Commercial (mg/kg)
THQ
AT
d
yr
EF
ED
RfC
VF
•
•
•
•
•
365
1
1
S4
119
Remediation Objectives for
Noncarcinogenic Contaminants
- Construction Worker (mg/kg)
THQ
AT
d
yr
EF
ED
RfC
VF
•
•
•
•
•
365
1
1
'
S5
Remediation Objectives for
Carcinogenic Contaminants -
Residential, Industrial/
Commercial (mg/kg)
TR
AT
d
yr
URF
ug
mg
EF
ED
VF
c
•
•
•
•
•
•
365
1 000
1
,
S6
Remediation Objectives for
Carcinogenic Contaminants -
Construction Worker (mg/kg)
TR
AT
d
yr
URF
ug
mg
EF
ED
VF
c
•
•
•
•
•
•
365
1 000
1
,
'
S7
Equation for Derivation of the
Volatilization Factor -
Residential, Industrial/
Commercial, VF (m
3
/kg)
(
)
(
)
VF
Q
C
DA
T
b
DA
m
cm
=
•
•
•
•
•
•
−
314
1 2
2
10
4
2
2
.
/
S8
Equation for Derivation of the
Volatilization Factor -
Construction Worker, VF
′
(m
3
/kg)
VF
VF
′ =
10
S9
Equation for Derivation
of Apparent Diffusivity, D
A
(cm
2
/s)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
DA
a
Di
H
w
Dw
b
K
d
w
a
H
=
•
•
+
•
•
•
+
+
•
333
333
2
1
.
'
.
'
η
S10
120
Equations for
Inhalation Exposure
Route (Fugitive Dusts)
Remediation Objectives for
Noncarcinogenic Contaminants
- Residential,
Industrial/Commercial (mg/kg)
THQ
AT
d
yr
EF
ED
RfC
PEF
•
•
•
•
•
365
1
1
S11
Remediation Objectives for
Noncarcinogenic Contaminants
- Construction Worker (mg/kg)
THQ
AT
d
yr
EF
ED
RfC
PEF
•
•
•
•
•
365
1
1
'
S12
Remediation Objectives for
Carcinogenic Contaminants -
Residential, Industrial/
Commercial (mg/kg)
TR
ATc
d
yr
URF
ug
mg
EF
ED
PEF
•
•
•
•
•
•
365
1 000
1
,
S13
Remediation Objectives for
Carcinogenic Contaminants -
Construction Worker (mg/kg)
TR
AT
c
d
yr
URF
ug
mg
EF
ED
PEF
•
•
•
•
•
•
365
1 000
1
,
'
S14
Equation for Derivation of
Particulate Emission Factor,
PEF (m
3
/kg)
(
)
PEF
Q
C
s
hr
V
Um
Ut
F
x
=
•
•
−
•
•
3 600
0 036
1
3
,
.
(
)
S15
121
Equation for Derivation of
Particulate Emission Factor,
PEF
′
- Construction Worker
(m
3
/kg)
PEF
PEF
'
=
10
S16
Equations for the
Migration to
Groundwater Portion
of the Groundwater
Ingestion Exposure
Route
Remediation Objective
(mg/kg)
(
)
C
K
H
w
d
w
a
b
•
+
+
•
′
NOTE: This equation can only be used if the contaminant of concern is not in the
water bearing unit.
S17
Target Soil Leachate
Concentration, C
w
(mg/L)
C
DF
GW
w
obj
=
•
S18
Soil-Water Partition
Coefficient, K
d
(cm
3
/g)
K
K
f
d
oc
oc
=
•
S19
Water-Filled Soil Porosity,
θ
w
(L
water
/L
soil
)
w
s
b
I
K
=
•
+
1
2
3)
/(
S20
Air-Filled Soil Porosity,
θ
a
(L
air
/L
soil
)
a
w
=
−
S21
Dilution Factor, DF (unitless)
DF
K
i
d
I
L
=
+
•
•
•
1
S22
122
Groundwater Remediation
Objective for Carcinogenic
Contaminants, GW
obj
(mg/L)
TR
BW
AT
d
yr
SF
IR
EF
ED
c
o
w
•
•
•
•
•
•
365
S23
Total Soil Porosity,
η
(L
pore
/L
soil
)
=
−
1
b
s
S24
Equation for Estimation of
Mixing Zone Depth, d
(m)
(
)
(
)
(
)
d
L
d
L
I
K
i
d
a
a
=
•
+
−
−
•
•
•
0 0112
1
2
0 5
.
exp
.
S25
Mass-Limit Equations
for Inhalation Exposure
Route and Migration to
Groundwater Portion
of the Groundwater
Ingestion Exposure
Route
Mass-Limit Volatilization
Factor for the Inhalation
Exposure Route - Residential,
Industrial/ Commercial, VF
(m
3
/kg)
VFM
L
Q
C
T
s
yr
b
ds
g
mg
−
=
•
•
•
•
•
315
107
106
.
NOTE: This equation may be used when area and depth of contaminant source are
known or can be estimated reliably.
S26
Mass-Limit Volatilization
Factor for Inhalation Exposure
Route - Construction Worker,
VF
′
- (m
3
/kg)
VF
VF
M
L
M
L
−
−
=
'
10
S27
123
Mass-Limit Remediation
Objective for Migration to
Groundwater Portion of the
Groundwater Ingestion
Exposure Route (mg/kg)
(
)
Cw
I M
L
EDM
L
b
ds
•
−
•
−
•
NOTE: This equation may be used when area and depth of contaminant source are
known or can be estimated reliably.
S28
Equation for Derivation of the Soil Saturation Limit, C
sat
(
)
(
)
[
]
C
S
K
H
sat
b
d
b
w
a
=
•
•
+
+
′•
S29
124
Section 742.APPENDIX C:
Tier 2 Tables and Illustrations
Table B:
SSL Parameters
Symbol
Parameter
Units
Source
Parameter Value(s)
AT
Averaging Time for
Noncarcinogens in
Ingestion Equation
yr
SSL
Residential = 6
Industrial/Commercial = 25
Construction Worker = 0.115
AT
Averaging Time for
Noncarcinogens in
Inhalation Equation
yr
SSL
Residential = 30
Industrial/Commercial = 25
Construction Worker = 0.115
AT
c
Averaging Time for
Carcinogens
yr
SSL
70
BW
Body Weight
kg
SSL
Residential = 15, noncarcinogens
70, carcinogens
Industrial/Commercial = 70
Construction Worker = 70
C
sat
Soil Saturation
Concentration
mg/kg
Appendix A, Table A or
Equation S29 in
Appendix C, Table A
Chemical-Specific or
Calculated Value
C
w
Target Soil Leachate
Concentration
mg/L
Equation S18 in
Appendix C, Table A
Groundwater Standard, Health Advisory,
or
Calculated Value
d
Mixing Zone Depth
m
SSL or
Equation S25 in
Appendix C, Table A
2 m or
Calculated Value
d
a
Aquifer Thickness
m
Field Measurement
Site-Specific
125
Symbol
Parameter
Units
Source
Parameter Value(s)
d
s
Depth of Source
m
Field Measurement or
Estimation
Site-Specific
D
A
Apparent Diffusivity
cm
2
/s
Equation S10 in
Appendix C, Table A
Calculated Value
D
i
Diffusivity in Air
cm
2
/s
Appendix C, Table E
Chemical-Specific
D
w
Diffusivity in Water
cm
2
/s
Appendix C, Table E
Chemical-Specific
DF
Dilution Factor
unitless
Equation S22 in
Appendix C, Table A
20 or Calculated Value
ED
Exposure Duration for
Ingestion of
Carcinogens
yr
SSL
Industrial/Commercial = 25
Construction Worker = 1
ED
Exposure Duration for
Inhalation of
Carcinogens
yr
SSL
Residential = 30
Industrial/Commercial = 25
Construction Worker = 1
ED
Exposure Duration for
Ingestion of
Noncarcinogens
yr
SSL
Residential = 6
Industrial/Commercial = 25
Construction Worker = 1
ED
Exposure Duration for
Inhalation of
Noncarcinogens
yr
SSL
Residential = 30
Industrial/Commercial = 25
Construction Worker = 1
ED
Exposure Duration for
the Direct Ingestion of
Groundwater
yr
-------
Residential = 30
Industrial/Commercial = 25
Construction Worker = 1
126
Symbol
Parameter
Units
Source
Parameter Value(s)
ED
M-L
Exposure Duration for
Migration to
Groundwater Mass-
Limit Equation S29
yr
SSL
70
EF
Exposure Frequency
d/yr
SSL
Residential = 350
Industrial/Commercial = 250
Construction Worker = 30
F(x)
Function dependent on
U
m
/U
t
unitless
SSL
0.194
f
oc
Organic Carbon
Content of Soil
g/g
SSL or
Field Measurement
(See Appendix C, Table F)
Surface Soil = 0.006
Subsurface soil = 0.002, or
Site-Specific
GW
obj
Groundwater Cleanup
Objective
mg/L
Appendix B, Table E,
35 IAC 620.Subpart F, or
Equation S23 in
Appendix C, Table A
Chemical-Specific or Calculated
H'
Henry's Law Constant
unitless
Appendix C, Table E
Chemical-Specific
i
Hydraulic Gradient
m/m
Field Measurement
(See Appendix C, Table F)
Site-Specific
I
Infiltration Rate
m/yr
SSL
0.3
I
M-L
Infiltration Rate for
Migration to
Groundwater Mass-
Limit Equation S29
m/yr
SSL
0.18
127
Symbol
Parameter
Units
Source
Parameter Value(s)
IF
soil-adj
(residential)
Age Adjusted Soil
Ingestion Factor for
Carcinogens
(mg-yr)/(kg-d)
SSL
Residential = 114
IR
soil
Soil Ingestion Rate
mg/d
SSL
Residential = 200
Industrial/Commercial = 50
Construction Worker = 480
IR
W
Daily Water Ingestion
Rate
L/d
-------
Residential = 2
Industrial/Commercial = 1
K
Aquifer Hydraulic
Conductivity
m/yr
Field Measurement
(See Appendix C, Table F)
Site-Specific
K
d
Soil-Water Partition
Coefficient
cm
3
/g or L/kg
Equation S19 in
Appendix C, Table A
Calculated Value
K
oc
Organic Carbon
Partition Coefficient
cm
3
/g or L/kg
Appendix C, Table E
Chemical-Specific
K
s
Saturated Hydraulic
Conductivity
m/yr
Appendix C, Table K
Appendix C, Illustration C
Site-Specific
L
Source Length Parallel
to Groundwater Flow
m
Field Measurement
Site-Specific
PEF
Particulate Emission
10
-4
to 10
-6
Factor
m
3
/kg
SSL or Equation S15 in
Appendix C, Table A
1.42
•
10
9
or Site-Specific
PEF
′
Particulate Emission
Factor adjusted for
Agitation (construction
worker)
m
3
/kg
Equation S16 in Appendix
C, Table A
9.53
•
10
7
or Site-Specific
128
Symbol
Parameter
Units
Source
Parameter Value(s)
Q/C
Inverse of the mean
concentration at the
center of a square
source (used in VF and
PEF equations)
(g/m
2
-s)/(kg/m
3
)
SSL or Appendix C,
Table H
Residential = 68.81
Industrial/Commercial = 85.81
Construction Worker = 85.81
RfC
Inhalation Reference
Concentration
mg/m
3
IEPA (IRIS/HEAST
a
)
Toxicological-Specific
(Note: for Construction Workers use
subchronic reference concentrations)
RfD
o
Oral Reference Dose
mg/(kg-d)
IEPA (IRIS/HEAST
a
)
Toxicological-Specific
(Note: for Construction Worker use
subchronic reference doses)
S
Solubility in Water
mg/L
Appendix C, Table E
Chemical-Specific
SF
o
Oral Slope Factor
(mg/kg-d)
-1
IEPA (IRIS/HEAST
a
)
Toxicological-Specific
T
Exposure Interval
s
SSL
Residential = 9.5
•
10
8
Industrial/Commercial = 7.9
•
10
8
Construction Worker = 3.6 x 10
6
THQ
Target Hazard
Quotient
unitless
SSL
1
TR
Target Cancer Risk
unitless
SSL
Residential = 10
-4
to 10
-6
Industrial/Commercial = 10
-4
to 10
-6
Construction Worker = 10
-4
to 10
-6
U
m
Mean Annual
Windspeed
m/s
SSL
4.69
URF
Inhalation Unit Risk
Factor
(ug/m
3
)
-1
IEPA (IRIS/HEAST
a
)
Toxicological-Specific
129
Symbol
Parameter
Units
Source
Parameter Value(s)
U
t
Equivalent Threshold
Value of Windspeed at
7 m
m/s
SSL
11.32
V
Fraction of Vegetative
Cover
unitless
SSL or Field Measurement
0.5 or Site-Specific
VF
Volatilization Factor
m
3
/kg
Equation S8 in
Appendix C, Table A
Calculated Value
VF
′
Volatilization Factor
adjusted for Agitation
m
3
/kg
Equation S9 in
Appendix C, Table A
Calculated Value
VF
M-L
Mass-Limit
Volatilization Factor
m
3
/kg
Equation S26 in
Appendix C, Table A
Calculated Value
VF
′
M-L
Mass-Limit
Volatilization Factor
adjusted for Agitation
m
3
/kg
Equation S27 in
Appendix C, Table A
Calculated Value
η
Total Soil Porosity
L
pore
/L
soil
SSL or
Equation S24 in
Appendix C, Table A
0.43, or
Gravel = 0.25
Sand = 0.32
Silt = 0.40
Clay = 0.36, or
Calculated Value
130
Symbol
Parameter
Units
Source
Parameter Value(s)
θ
a
Air-Filled Soil Porosity
L
air
/L
soil
SSL or
Equation S21 in
Appendix C, Table A
Surface Soil (top 1 meter) = 0.28
Subsurface Soil (below 1 meter) = 0.13,
or
Gravel = 0.05
Sand = 0.14
Silt - 0.24
Clay = 0.19, or
Calculated Value
θ
w
Water-Filled Soil
Porosity
L
water
/L
soil
SSL or
Equation S20 in
Appendix C, Table A
Surface Soil (top 1 meter) = 0.15
Subsurface Soil (below 1 meter) = 0.30,
or
Gravel = 0.20
Sand = 0.18
Silt = 0.16
Clay = 0.17, or
Calculated Value
ρ
b
Dry Soil Bulk Density
kg/L
SSL or
Field Measurement
(See Appendix C, Table F)
1.5, or
Gravel = 2.0
Sand = 1.8
Silt = 1.6
Clay = 1.7, or
Site-Specific
131
Symbol
Parameter
Units
Source
Parameter Value(s)
ρ
s
Soil Particle Density
g/cm
3
SSL or
Field Measurement
(See Appendix C, Table F)
2.65, or
Surface Soil (top 1 meter) = 2.63
Subsurface Soil (below 1 meter) = 2.65,
or
Site-Specific
ρ
w
Water Density
g/cm
3
SSL
1
1/(2b+3)
Exponential in
Equation S20
unitless
Appendix C, Table K
Appendix C, Illustration
Site-Specific
a
HEAST = Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables. USEPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Resp onse. EPA/SQO/R-95/036. Updated Quarterly.
132
Section 742.Appendix C:
Tier 2 Tables and Illustrations
Table C:
RBCA Equations
Equations for
the combined
exposures routes
of soil ingestion
Remediation Objectives
for Carcinogenic
Contaminants (mg/kg)
(
)
(
)
(
)
TR
BW
ATc
d
yr
EF
ED
SF
kg
mg
IR
RAF
SA
M
RAF
SF
IR
VF
VF
o
soil
o
d
i
air
ss
p
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
+
•
•
+
•
•
+
−
?
365
10
6
R1
inhalation of
vapors and
particulates, and
dermal contact
with soil
Remediation Objectives
for Non-carcinogenic
Contaminants (mg/kg)
(
) (
)
[
]
THQ
BW
AT
n
d
yr
EF
ED
kg
mg
IR
RAF
SA
M
RAF
RfD
IR
VF
ss
VF
p
RfD
soil
o
d
o
air
i
•
•
•
•
•
•
+
•
•
+
•
+
−
365
10
6
R2
Volatilization Factor for
Surficial Soils, VF
ss
(kg/m
3
)
Whichever is less
between R3 and R4
(
)
(
)
[
]
VF
W
cm
kg
m
g
U
D
H
k
H
ss
s
air
air
s
eff
ws
s
s
as
=
•
•
•
⋅
⋅
•
•
•
′
•
+
•
+
′•
•
2
10
3
3
3
R3
VF
W
d
cm
kg
m
g
U
ss
s
air
air
=
•
•
•
⋅
⋅
•
•
10
3
3
3
R4
133
Volatilization Factor for
Surficial Soils
Regarding Particulates,
VF
p
(kg/m
3
)
VF
P
W
cm
kg
m
g
U
p
e
air
air
=
•
•
⋅
⋅
•
10
3
3
3
R5
Effective Diffusion
Coefficient in Soil
Based on Vapor-Phase
Concentration D
s
eff
(cm
2
/s)
D
D
D
H
s
eff
air
as
T
water
ws
T
=
•
+
•
′•
3 33
2
3 33
2
.
.
R6
Equations for
the ambient
vapor inhalation
(outdoor)
Remediation Objectives
for Carcinogenic
Contaminants (mg/kg)
RBSL
VF
air
samb
•
−
10
3
R7
route from
subsurface soils
Remediation Objectives
for Non-carcinogenic
Contaminants (mg/kg)
RBSL
VF
air
samb
•
−
10
3
R8
134
Carcinogenic Risk-
Based Screening Level
for Air, RBSL
air
(ug/m
3
)
RBSL
TR
BW
AT
d
yr
ug
mg
SF
IR
EF
ED
air
c
i
air
=
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
365
10
3
R9
Noncarcinogenic Risk-
Based Screening Level
for Air, RBSL
air
(ug/m
3
)
RBSL
THQ
RfD
BW
AT
d
yr
ug
mg
IR
EF
ED
air
i
n
air
=
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
365
10
3
R10
Volatilization Factor -
Subsurface Soil to
Ambient Air, VF
samb
(mg/m
3
)/(mg/kg
soil
)
(
)
(
)
[
]
(
)
(
)
VF
H
cm
kg
m
g
k
H
U
L
D
W
samb
s
ws
s
s
as
air
air
s
s
eff
=
′•
•
⋅
⋅
+
•
+
′•
•
+
•
•
•
10
1
3
3
3
R11
135
Equations for
the Migration to
Groundwater
Portion of the
Groundwater
Remediation Objective
(mg/kg)
GW
LF
source
sw
Note: This equation can only be used if the contaminant of concern is not in the water bearing unit.
R12
Ingestion
Exposure Route
Groundwater at the
source, GW
source
(mg/L)
(
)
GW
GW
C
C
source
comp
x
source
=
R13
Leaching Factor,
LF
sw
(mg/L
water
)/(mg/kg
soil
)
(
)
(
)
[
]
(
)
(
)
LF
cm
kg
L
g
k
H
U
I
W
d
yr
sw
s
ws
s
s
as
gw
gw
=
•
⋅
⋅
+
•
+
′•
•
+
•
•
•
3
1
365
R14
Steady-State Attenuation
Along the Centerline of
a Dissolved Plume,
C
(x)
/C
source
( )
C
C
X
U
erf
S
X
erf
S
X
x
source
x
x
w
y
d
z
=
•
−
+
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
exp
2
1
1
4
4
4
R15
Longitudinal
Dispersivity,
α
x
(cm)
x
X
=
•
010
.
R16
136
Transverse Dispersivity,
α
y
(cm)
y
x
=
3
R17
Vertical Dispersivity,
α
z
(cm)
z
x
=
20
R18
Specific Discharge, U
(cm/d)
U
K
i
T
=
•
R19
Soil-Water Sorption
Coefficient, k
s
k
K
f
s
oc
oc
=
•
R20
Volumetric Air Content
in Vadose Zone Soils,
θ
as
(cm
3
air
/cm
3
soil
)
(
)
as
T
s
w
w
=
+
•
R21
Volumetric Water
Content in Vadose Zone
Soils,
θ
ws
(cm
3
water
/cm
3
soil
)
ws
s
w
w
=
•
R22
Total Soil Porosity,
θ
T
(cm
3
/cm
3
soil
)
T
as
ws
=
+
R23
137
Groundwater Darcy
Velocity, U
gw
(cm/s)
U
K
i
gw
=
•
R24
Equations for
the Groundwater
Ingestion
Exposure Route
Remediation Objective
for Carcinogenic
Contaminants
(mg/L)
TR
BW
AT
d
yr
SF
IR
EF
ED
c
o
w
•
•
•
•
•
•
365
R25
Dissolved Hydrocarbon
Concentration along
Centerline, C
(x)
(g/cm
3
water
)
C
x
Csource
X
x
x
U
erf
Sw
y
X
erf
Sd
z
X
(
)
exp
=
•
•
−
+
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
2
1
1
4
4
4
NOTE:
1.
This equation does not predict the contaminant flow within bedrock.
2.
If this value of the First Order Degradation Constant (
λ
) is not readily available, then set
1-
1 + 4
•
x
to equal a value of “1”
R26
138
Section 742.APPENDIX C:
Tier 2 Tables and Illustrations
Table D:
RBCA Parameters
Symbol
Parameter
Units
Source
Parameter Value(s)
AT
c
Averaging Time for
Carcinogens
yr
RBCA
70
AT
n
Averaging Time for
Noncarcinogens
yr
RBCA
Residential = 30
Industrial/Commercial = 25
Construction Worker = 0.115
BW
Adult Body Weight
kg
RBCA
70
C
source
Concentration of Contaminant
in Groundwater at the Source.
mg/L
Field Measurement
Site-Specific
C
(x)
Concentration of Contaminant
in Groundwater at Distance X
from the source
mg/L
Equation R26 in
Appendix C, Table C
Calculated Value
C
(x)
/C
source
Steady-State Attenuation
Along the Centerline of a
Dissolved Plume
unitless
Equation R15 in
Appendix C, Table C
Calculated Value
d
Lower Depth of Surficial Soil
Zone
cm
Field Measurement
100 or
Site-Specific (not to exceed 100)
139
Symbol
Parameter
Units
Source
Parameter Value(s)
D
air
Diffusion Coefficient in Air
cm
2
/s
Appendix C, Table E
Chemical-Specific
D
water
Diffusion Coefficient in Water
cm
2
/s
Appendix C, Table E
Chemical-Specific
D
s
eff
Effective Diffusion Coefficient
in Soil Based on Vapor-Phase
Concentration
cm
2
/s
Equation R6 in
Appendix C, Table C
Calculated Value
ED
Exposure Duration
yr
RBCA
Residential = 30
Industrial/Commercial = 25
Construction Worker = 1
EF
Exposure Frequency
d/yr
RBCA
Residential = 350
Industrial/Commercial = 250
Construction Worker = 30
erf
Error Function
unitless
Appendix C, Table G
Mathematical Function
f
oc
Organic Carbon Content of
Soil
g/g
RBCA or
Field Measurement
(See Appendix C, Table F)
Surface Soil = 0.006
Subsurface Soil = 0.002 or
Site-Specific
GW
comp
Groundwater Objective at the
Compliance Point
mg/L
Appendix B, Table E,
35 IAC 620.Subpart F, or
Equation R25 in Appendix C, Table
C
Site-Specific
140
Symbol
Parameter
Units
Source
Parameter Value(s)
GW
source
Groundwater Concentration at
the Source
mg/L
Equation R13 in
Appendix C, Table C
Calculated Value
H’
Henry’s Law Constant
cm
3
water
/cm
3
air
Appendix C, Table E
Chemical-Specific
i
Hydraulic Gradient
cm/cm (unitless)
Field Measurement
(See Appendix C, Table F)
Site-Specific
I
Infiltration Rate
cm/yr
RBCA
30
IR
air
Daily Outdoor Inhalation Rate
m
3
/d
RBCA
20
IR
soil
Soil Ingestion Rate
mg/d
RBCA
Residential = 100
Industrial/Commercial = 50
Construction Worker = 480
IR
w
Daily Water Ingestion Rate
L/d
RBCA
Residential = 2
Industrial/Commercial = 1
K
Aquifer Hydraulic
Conductivity
cm/d
Field Measurement
(See Appendix C, Table F)
Site-Specific
K
oc
Organic Carbon Partition
Coefficient
cm
3
/g or L/kg
Appendix C, Table E
Chemical-Specific
k
s
Soil Water Sorption
Coefficient
(cm
3
water
/
cm
3
soil
)
Equation R20 in
Appendix C,Table C
Calculated Value
L
s
Depth to Subsurface Soil
Sources
cm
RBCA
10
141
Symbol
Parameter
Units
Source
Parameter Value(s)
LF
sw
Leaching Factor
(mg/L
water
)/
(mg/kg
soil
)
Equation R14 in
Appendix C, Table C
Calculated Value
M
Soil to Skin Adherence Factor
mg/cm
2
RBCA
0.5
Pe
Particulate Emission Rate
g/cm
2
-s
RBCA
6.9 10
-14
RAF
d
Dermal Relative Absorption
Factor
unitless
RBCA
0.5
RAF
d
(PNAs)
Dermal Relative Absorption
Factor
unitless
RBCA
0.05
RAF
d
(inorganics)
Dermal Relative Absorption
Factor
unitless
RBCA
0
RAF
o
Oral Relative Absorption
Factor
unitless
RBCA
1.0
RBSL
air
Carcinogenic
Risk-Based Screening Level
for Air
ug/m
3
Equation R9 in
Appendix C, Table C
Chemical-, Media-, and Exposure Route-
Specific
RBSL
air
Noncarcinogenic
Risk-Based Screening Level
for Air
ug/m
3
Equations R10 in
Appendix C, Table C
Chemical-, Media-, and Exposure Route-
Specific
RfD
i
Inhalation Reference Dose
mg/kg-d
IEPA (IRIS/HEAST
a
)
Toxicological-Specific
142
Symbol
Parameter
Units
Source
Parameter Value(s)
RfD
o
Oral Reference Dose
mg/(kg-d)
IEPA (IRIS/HEAST
a
)
Toxicological-Specific
(Note: for Construction Worker use
subchronic reference doses)
SA
Skin Surface Area
cm
2
/d
RBCA
3,160
S
d
Source Width Perpendicular
to Groundwater Flow
Direction in Vertical Plane
cm
Field Measurement
For Migration to Groundwater Route:
Use 200 or Site-Specific
For Groundwater cleanup objective:
Use Site-Specific
S
w
Source Width Perpendicular
to Groundwater Flow
Direction in Horizontal Plane
cm
Field Measurement
Site-Specific
SF
i
Inhalation Cancer Slope
Factor
(mg/kg-d)
-1
IEPA (IRIS/HEAST
a
)
Toxicological-Specific
SF
o
Oral Slope Factor
(mg/kg-d)
-1
IEPA (IRIS/HEAST
a
)
Toxicological-Specific
THQ
Target Hazard Quotient
unitless
RBCA
1
TR
Target Cancer Risk
unitless
RBCA
Residential = 10
-4
to 10
-6
Industrial/Commercial = 10
-4
to 10
-6
Construction Worker = 10
-4
to 10
-6
143
Symbol
Parameter
Units
Source
Parameter Value(s)
U
Specific Discharge
cm/d
Equation R19 in
Appendix C, Table C
Calculated Value
U
air
Average Wind Speed Above
Ground Surface in Ambient
Mixing Zone
cm/s
RBCA
225
U
gw
Groundwater Darcy Velocity
cm/yr
Equation R24 in
Appendix C, Table C
Calculated Value
VF
p
Volatilization Factor for
Surficial Soils Regarding
Particulates
kg/m
3
Equation R5 in
Appendix C, Table C
Calculated Value
VF
samb
Volatilization Factor
(Subsurface Soils to Ambient
Air)
(mg/m
3
air
)/(mg/k
g
soil
) or
kg/m
3
Equation R11 in
Appendix C, Table C
Calculated Value
VF
ss
Volatilization Factor for
Surficial Soils
kg/m
3
Use Equations R3 and R4 in
Appendix C, Table C
Calculated Value from Equation R3 or R4
(whichever is less)
W
Width of Source Area Parallel
to Direction to Wind or
Groundwater Movement
cm
Field Measurement
Site-Specific
144
Symbol
Parameter
Units
Source
Parameter Value(s)
w
Average Soil Moisture
Content
g
water
/g
soil
RBCA or
Field Measurement
(See Appendix C, Table F)
0.1, or
Surface Soil (top 1 meter) = 0.1
Subsurface Soil (below 1 meter) = 0.2, or
Site-Specific
X
Distance along the Centerline
of the Groundwater Plume
Emanating from a Source.
The x direction is the
direction of groundwater flow
cm
Field Measurement
Site-Specific
α
x
Longitudinal Dispersitivity
cm
Equation R16 in
Appendix C, Table C
Calculated Value
α
y
Transverse Dispersitivity
cm
Equation R17 in
Appendix C, Table C
Calculated Value
α
z
Vertical Dispersitivity
cm
Equation R18 in
Appendix C, Table C
Calculated Value
δ
air
Ambient Air Mixing Zone
Height
cm
RBCA
200
δ
gw
Groundwater Mixing Zone
Thickness
cm
RBCA
200
145
Symbol
Parameter
Units
Source
Parameter Value(s)
θ
as
Volumetric Air Content in
Vadose Zone Soils
cm
3
air
/cm
3
soil
RBCA or
Equation R21 in
Appendix C, Table C
Surface Soil (top 1 meter) = 0.28
Subsurface Soil (below 1 meter)= 0.13,
or
Gravel = 0.05
Sand = 0.14
Silt = 0.16
Clay = 0.17, or
Calculated Value
θ
ws
Volumetric Water Content in
Vadose Zone Soils
cm
3
water
/cm
3
soil
RBCA or
Equation R22 in
Appendix C, Table C
Surface Soil (top 1 meter) = 0.15
Subsurface Soil (below 1 meter) =
0.30,
or
Gravel = 0.20
Sand = 0.18
Silt = 0.16
Clay = 0.17, or
Calculated Value
146
Symbol
Parameter
Units
Source
Parameter Value(s)
θ
T
Total Soil Porosity
cm
3
/cm
3
soil
RBCA or
Equation R23 in
Appendix C, Table C
0.43, or
Gravel = 0.25
Sand = 0.32
Silt = 0.40
Clay = 0.36, or
Calculated Value
λ
First Order Degradation
Constant
d
-1
Appendix C, Table E
Chemical-Specific
π
pi
3.1416
ρ
s
Soil Bulk Density
g/cm
3
RBCA or
Field Measurement
(See Appendix C, Table F)
1.5, or
Gravel = 2.0
Sand = 1.8
Silt = 1.6
Clay = 1.7, or
Site-Specific
ρ
w
Water Density
g/cm
3
RBCA
1
τ
Averaging Time for Vapor Flux
s
RBCA
9.46 X 10
8
a
HEAST = Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables. USEPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. EPA/540/R -95/036. Updated Quarterly.
147
Section 742.APPENDIX C:
Tier 2 Tables and Illustrations
Table E:
Default Physical and Chemical Parameters
CAS No.
Chemical
Solubility in
Water (S)
(mg/L)
Diffusivity in
Air (Di)
(cm
2
/s)
Diffusivity in
Water (D
w
)
(cm
2
/s)
Dimensionless
Henry's Law
Constant (H')
(25
o
C)
Organic
Carbon
Partition
Coefficient
(K
oc
)
(L/kg)
First
Order
Degradation
Constant
(
λ
)
(d
-1
)
Neutral Organics
83-32-9
Acenaphthene
4.24
0.0421
7.69E-6
0.00636
7,080
0.0034
67-64-1
Acetone
1,000,000
0.124
1.14E-5
0.00159
0.575
0.0495
15972-60-8
Alachlor
242
0.0198
5.69E-6
0.00000132
394
No Data
116-06-3
Aldicarb
6,000
0.0305
7.19E-6
0.0000000574
12
0.00109
309-00-2
Aldrin
0.18
0.0132
4.86E-6
0.00697
2,450,000
0.00059
120-12-7
Anthracene
0.0434
0.0324
7.74E-6
0.00267
29,500
0.00075
1912-24-9
Atrazine
70
0.0258
6.69E-6
0.00000005
451
No Data
71-43-2
Benzene
1,750
0.088
9.80E-6
0.228
58.9
0.0009
148
CAS No.
Chemical
Solubility in
Water (S)
(mg/L)
Diffusivity in
Air (Di)
(cm
2
/s)
Diffusivity in
Water (D
w
)
(cm
2
/s)
Dimensionless
Henry's Law
Constant (H')
(25
o
C)
Organic
Carbon
Partition
Coefficient
(K
oc
)
(L/kg)
First
Order
Degradation
Constant
(
λ
)
(d
-1
)
56-55-3
Benzo(a)anthracene
0.0094
0.0510
9.00E-6
0.000137
398,000
0.00051
205-99-2
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
0.0015
0.0226
5.56E-6
0.00455
1,230,000
0.00057
207-08-9
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
0.0008
0.0226
5.56E-6
0.000034
1,230,000
0.00016
65-85-0
Benzoic Acid
3,500
0.0536
7.97E-6
0.0000631
0.600
No Data
50-32-8
Benzo(a)pyrene
0.00162
0.043
9.00E-6
0.0000463
1,020,000
0.00065
111-44-4
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
17,200
0.0692
7.53E-6
0.000738
15.5
0.0019
117-81-7
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
0.34
0.0351
3.66E-6
0.00000418
15,100,000
0.0018
75-27-4
Bromodichloromethane
6,740
0.0298
1.06E-5
0.0656
55.0
No Data
75-25-2
Bromoform
3,100
0.0149
1.03E-5
0.0219
87.1
0.0019
71-36-3
Butanol
74,000
0.0800
9.30E-6
0.000361
6.92
0.01283
85-68-7
Butyl Benzyl Phthalate
2.69
0.0174
4.83E-6
0.0000517
57,500
0.00385
86-74-8
Carbazole
7.48
0.0390
7.03E-6
0.000000626
3,390
No Data
149
CAS No.
Chemical
Solubility in
Water (S)
(mg/L)
Diffusivity in
Air (Di)
(cm
2
/s)
Diffusivity in
Water (D
w
)
(cm
2
/s)
Dimensionless
Henry's Law
Constant (H')
(25
o
C)
Organic
Carbon
Partition
Coefficient
(K
oc
)
(L/kg)
First
Order
Degradation
Constant
(
λ
)
(d
-1
)
1563-66-2
Carbofuran
320
0.0249
6.63E-6
.00377
37
No Data
75-15-0
Carbon Disulfide
1,190
0.104
1.00E-5
1.24
45.7
No Data
56-23-5
Carbon Tetrachloride
793
0.0780
8.80E-6
1.25
174
0.0019
57-74-9
Chlordane
0.056
0.0118
4.37E-6
0.00199
120,000
0.00025
106-47-8
p-Chloroaniline
5,300
0.0483
1.01E-5
0.0000136
66.1
No Data
108-09-7
Chlorobenzene
472
0.0730
8.70E-6
0.152
219
0.0023
124-48-1
Chlorodibromomethane
2,600
0.0196
1.05E-5
0.0321
63.1
0.00385
67-66-3
Chloroform
7,920
0.104
1.00E-5
0.15
39.8
0.00039
95-57-8
2-Chlorophenol
22,000
0.0501
9.46E-6
0.016
388
No Data
218-01-9
Chrysene
0.0016
0.0248
6.21E-6
0.00388
398,000
0.00035
94-75-7
2,4-D
680
0.0231
7.31E-6
0.00000041
451
0.00385
72-54-8
4,4'-DDD
0.09
0.0169
4.76E-6
0.000164
1,000,000
0.000062
150
CAS No.
Chemical
Solubility in
Water (S)
(mg/L)
Diffusivity in
Air (Di)
(cm
2
/s)
Diffusivity in
Water (D
w
)
(cm
2
/s)
Dimensionless
Henry's Law
Constant (H')
(25
o
C)
Organic
Carbon
Partition
Coefficient
(K
oc
)
(L/kg)
First
Order
Degradation
Constant
(
λ
)
(d
-1
)
72-55-9
4,4'-DDE
0.12
0.0144
5.87E-6
0.000861
4,470,000
0.000062
50-29-3
4,4'-DDT
0.025
0.0137
4.95E-6
0.000332
2,630,000
0.000062
75-99-0
Dalapon
900,000
0.0414
9.46E-6
0.00000264
5.8
0.005775
53-70-3
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
0.00249
0.0202
5.18E-6
0.00000603
3,800,000
0.00037
96-12-8
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
1,200
0.0212
7.02E-6
0.00615
182
0.001925
106-93-4
1,2-Dibromoethane
4,200
0.0287
8.06E-6
0.0303
93
0.005775
84-74-2
Di-n-butyl Phthalate
11.2
0.0438
7.86E-6
0.0000000385
33,900
0.03013
95-50-1
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
156
0.0690
7.90E-6
0.0779
617
0.0019
106-46-7
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
73.8
0.0690
7.90E-6
0.0996
617
0.0019
91-94-1
3,3-Dichlorobenzidine
3.11
0.0194
6.74E-6
0.000000164
724
0.0019
151
CAS No.
Chemical
Solubility in
Water (S)
(mg/L)
Diffusivity in
Air (Di)
(cm
2
/s)
Diffusivity in
Water (D
w
)
(cm
2
/s)
Dimensionless
Henry's Law
Constant (H')
(25
o
C)
Organic
Carbon
Partition
Coefficient
(K
oc
)
(L/kg)
First
Order
Degradation
Constant
(
λ
)
(d
-1
)
75-34-3
1,1-Dichloroethane
5,060
0.0742
1.05E-5
0.23
31.6
0.0019
107-06-2
1,2-Dichloroethane
8,520
0.104
9.90E-6
0.0401
17.4
0.0019
75-35-4
1,1-Dichloroethylene
2,250
0.0900
1.04E-5
1.07
58.9
0.0053
156-59-2
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
3,500
0.0736
1.13E-5
0.167
35.5
0.00024
156-60-5
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene
6,300
0.0707
1.19E-5
0.385
52.5
0.00024
120-83-2
2,4-Dichlorophenol
4,500
0.0346
8.77E-6
0.00013
147
0.00027
78-87-5
1,2-Dichloropropane
2,800
0.0782
8.73E-6
0.115
43.7
0.00027
542-75-6
1,3-Dichloropropylene
(cis + trans)
2,800
0.0626
1.00E-5
0.726
45.7
0.061
60-57-1
Dieldrin
0.195
0.0125
4.74E-6
0.000619
21,400
0.00032
84-66-2
Diethyl Phthalate
1,080
0.0256
6.35E-6
0.0000185
288
0.00619
105-67-9
2,4-Dimethylphenol
7,870
0.0584
8.69E-6
0.000082
209
0.0495
51-28-5
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,790
0.0273
9.06E-6
0.0000182
0.01
0.00132
152
CAS No.
Chemical
Solubility in
Water (S)
(mg/L)
Diffusivity in
Air (Di)
(cm
2
/s)
Diffusivity in
Water (D
w
)
(cm
2
/s)
Dimensionless
Henry's Law
Constant (H')
(25
o
C)
Organic
Carbon
Partition
Coefficient
(K
oc
)
(L/kg)
First
Order
Degradation
Constant
(
λ
)
(d
-1
)
121-14-2
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
270
0.203
7.06E-6
0.0000038
95.5
0.00192
606-20-2
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
182
0.0327
7.26E-6
0.0000306
69.2
0.00192
88-85-7
Dinoseb
52
0.0215
6.62E-6
0.0000189
1,120
0.002817
117-84-0
Di-n-octyl Phthalate
0.02
0.0151
3.58E-6
0.00274
83,200,000
0.0019
115-29-7
Endosulfan
0.51
0.0115
4.55E-6
0.000459
2,140
0.07629
145-73-3
Endothall
21,000
0.0291
8.07E-6
0.0000000107
0.29
No Data
72-20-8
Endrin
0.25
0.0125
4.74E-6
0.000308
12,300
0.00032
100-41-4
Ethylbenzene
169
0.0750
7.80E-6
0.323
363
0.003
206-44-0
Fluoranthene
0.206
0.0302
6.35E-6
0.00066
107,000
0.00019
86-73-7
Fluorene
1.98
0.0363
7.88E-6
0.00261
13,800
0.000691
76-44-8
Heptachlor
0.18
0.0112
5.69E-6
0.024
1,410,000
0.13
1024-57-3
Heptachlor epoxide
0.2
0.0132
4.23E-6
0.00039
83,200
0.00063
153
CAS No.
Chemical
Solubility in
Water (S)
(mg/L)
Diffusivity in
Air (Di)
(cm
2
/s)
Diffusivity in
Water (D
w
)
(cm
2
/s)
Dimensionless
Henry's Law
Constant (H')
(25
o
C)
Organic
Carbon
Partition
Coefficient
(K
oc
)
(L/kg)
First
Order
Degradation
Constant
(
λ
)
(d
-1
)
118-74-1
Hexachlorobenzene
6.2
0.0542
5.91E-6
0.0541
55,000
0.00017
319-84-6
alpha-HCH (alpha-BHC)
2.0
0.0142
7.34E-6
0.000435
1,230
0.0025
58-89-9
gamma-HCH (Lindane)
6.8
0.0142
7.34E-6
0.000574
1,070
0.0029
77-47-4
Hexachlorocyclo-
pentadiene
1.8
0.0161
7.21E-6
1.11
200,000
0.012
67-72-1
Hexachloroethane
50
0.0025
6.80E-6
0.159
1,780
0.00192
193-39-5
Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene
0.000022
0.0190
5.66E-6
0.0000656
3,470,000
0.00047
78-59-1
Isophorone
12,000
0.0623
6.76E-6
0.000272
46.8
0.01238
7439-97-6
Mercury
---
0.0307
6.30E-6
0.467
---
No Data
72-43-5
Methoxychlor
0.045
0.0156
4.46E-6
0.000648
97,700
0.0019
74-83-9
Methyl Bromide
15,200
0.0728
1.21E-5
0.256
10.5
0.01824
75-09-2
Methylene Chloride
13,000
0.101
1.17E-5
0.0898
11.7
0.012
95-48-7
2-Methylphenol
26,000
0.0740
8.30E-6
0.0000492
91.2
0.0495
154
CAS No.
Chemical
Solubility in
Water (S)
(mg/L)
Diffusivity in
Air (Di)
(cm
2
/s)
Diffusivity in
Water (D
w
)
(cm
2
/s)
Dimensionless
Henry's Law
Constant (H')
(25
o
C)
Organic
Carbon
Partition
Coefficient
(K
oc
)
(L/kg)
First
Order
Degradation
Constant
(
λ
)
(d
-1
)
91-20-3
Naphthalene
31.0
0.0590
7.50E-6
0.0198
2,000
0.0027
98-95-3
Nitrobenzene
2,090
0.0760
8.60E-6
0.000984
64.6
0.00176
86-30-6
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
35.1
0.0312
6.35E-6
0.000205
1,290
0.01
621-64-7
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
9,890
0.0545
8.17E-6
0.0000923
24.0
0.0019
87-86-5
Pentachlorophenol
1,950
0.0560
6.10E-6
0.000001
592
0.00045
108-95-2
Phenol
82,800
0.0820
9.10E-6
0.0000163
28.8
0.099
1918-02-1
Picloram
430
0.0255
5.28E-6
0.00000000166
1.98
No Data
1336-36-3
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
0.7
-------
a
-------
a
-------
a
309,000
No Data
129-00-0
Pyrene
0.135
0.0272
7.24E-6
0.000451
105,000
0.00018
122-34-9
Simazine
5
0.027
7.36E-6
0.0000000133
133
No Data
100-42-5
Styrene
310
0.0710
8.00E-6
0.113
776
0.0033
93-72-1
2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
31
0.0194
5.83E-6
0.0000000032
5,440
No Data
155
CAS No.
Chemical
Solubility in
Water (S)
(mg/L)
Diffusivity in
Air (Di)
(cm
2
/s)
Diffusivity in
Water (D
w
)
(cm
2
/s)
Dimensionless
Henry's Law
Constant (H')
(25
o
C)
Organic
Carbon
Partition
Coefficient
(K
oc
)
(L/kg)
First
Order
Degradation
Constant
(
λ
)
(d
-1
)
127-18-4
Tetrachloroethylene
200
0.0720
8.20E-6
0.754
155
0.00096
108-88-3
Toluene
526
0.0870
8.60E-6
0.272
182
0.011
8001-35-2
Toxaphene
0.74
0.0116
4.34E-6
0.000246
257,000
No Data
120-82-1
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
300
0.0300
8.23E-6
0.0582
1,780
0.0019
71-55-6
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,330
0.0780
8.80E-6
0.705
110
0.0013
79-00-5
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
4,420
0.0780
8.80E-6
0.0374
50.1
0.00095
79-01-6
Trichloroethylene
1,100
0.0790
9.10E-6
0.422
166
0.00042
95-95-4
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
1,200
0.0291
7.03E-6
0.000178
1,600
0.00038
88-06-2
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
800
0.0318
6.25E-6
0.000319
381
0.00038
108-05-4
Vinyl Acetate
20,000
0.0850
9.20E-6
0.021
5.25
No Data
57-01-4
Vinyl Chloride
2,760
0.106
1.23E--6
1.11
18.6
0.00024
108-38-3
m-Xylene
161
0.070
7.80E-6
0.301
407
0.0019
156
CAS No.
Chemical
Solubility in
Water (S)
(mg/L)
Diffusivity in
Air (Di)
(cm
2
/s)
Diffusivity in
Water (D
w
)
(cm
2
/s)
Dimensionless
Henry's Law
Constant (H')
(25
o
C)
Organic
Carbon
Partition
Coefficient
(K
oc
)
(L/kg)
First
Order
Degradation
Constant
(
λ
)
(d
-1
)
95-47-6
o-Xylene
178
0.087
1.00E-5
0.213
363
0.0019
106-42-3
p-Xylene
185
0.0769
8.44E-6
0.314
389
0.0019
1330-20-7
Xylenes (total)
186
0.0720
0.25
260
0.0019
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry number. This number in the format xxx-xx-x, is unique for each chemical and allows efficient searching on computerized data bases.
a
Soil Remediation objectives are determined pursuant to 40 CFR 761.120, as incorporated by reference at Section 732.104 (the USEPA "PCB Spill Cleanup Policy"), for most
sites; persons remediating sites should consult with BOL if calculation of Tier 2 soil remediation objectives is desired.
157
Section 742.APPENDIX C:
Tier 2 Tables and Illustrations
Table F:
Methods for Determining Physical Soil Parameters
Methods for Determining Physical Soil Parameters
Parameter
Sampling Location
a
Method
ρ
b
(soil bulk density)
Surface
ASTM - D 1556-90
Sand Cone Method
b
ASTM - D 2167-94
Rubber Balloon Method
b
ASTM - D 2922-91
Nuclear Method
b
Subsurface
ASTM - D 2937-94
Drive Cylinder Method
b
ρ
s
(soil particle density)
Surface or Subsurface
ASTM - D 854-92
Specific Gravity of Soil
b
w (moisture content)
Surface or Subsurface
ASTM - D 4959-89
(Reapproved 1994)
Standard
b
ASTM - D 4643-93
Microwave Oven
b
ASTM - D2216-92
Laboratory Determination
b
ASTM - D3017-88
(Reapproved 1993)
Nuclear Method
b
Equivalent USEPA Method (e.g.,
sample preparation procedures
described in methods 3541 or 3550)
f
oc
(organic carbon content)
Surface or Subsurface
Nelson and Sommers (1982)
ASTM - D 2974-87
(Reapproved 1995)
Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter
b
USEPA Method 9060A
Total Organic Content
158
Methods for Determining Physical Soil Parameters
Parameter
Sampling Location
a
Method
η
or
θ
T
(total soil porosity)
Surface or Subsurface
(calculated)
η
= 1 -
ρ
b
/
ρ
s
θ
T
=
θ
as
+
θ
ws
θ
a
or
θ
as
(air-filled soil porosity)
Surface or Subsurface
(calculated)
η
- [ (w
•
ρ
b
)/
ρ
w
]
θ
w
or
θ
ws
(water-filled soil
porosity)
Surface or Subsurface
(calculated)
(w
•
ρ
b
)/
ρ
w
ASTM - D 5084-90
Flexible Wall Permeameter
K (hydraulic conductivity)
Surface or Subsurface
Pump Test
Slug Test
i (hydraulic gradient)
Surface or Subsurface
Field Measurement
a
This is the location where the sample is collected
b
As incorporated by reference in Section 742.120.
159
Section 742.APPENDIX C:
Tier 2 Tables and Illustrations
Table G:
Error Function (erf)
(
)
erf
e
d
=
−
⌠
2
2
0
erf
(
β
)
0
0
0.05
0.056372
0.1
0.112463
0.15
0.167996
0.2
0.222703
0.25
0.276326
0.3
0.328627
0.35
0.379382
0.4
0.428392
0.45
0.475482
0.5
0.520500
0.55
0.563323
0.6
0.603856
0.65
0.642029
0.7
0.677801
0.75
0.711156
0.8
0.742101
0.85
0.770668
0.9
0.796908
0.95
0.820891
1.0
0.842701
1.1
0.880205
1.2
0.910314
1.3
0.934008
1.4
0.952285
1.5
0.966105
1.6
0.976348
1.7
0.983790
1.8
0.989091
1.9
0.992790
2.0
0.995322
2.1
0.997021
2.2
0.998137
2.3
0.998857
2.4
0.999311
2.5
0.999593
2.6
0.999764
2.7
0.999866
2.8
0.999925
2.9
0.999959
3.0
0.999978
160
742.APPENDIX C: Tier 2 Tables and Illustrations
Table H:
Q/C Values by Source Area
Source
(Acres)
Area Q/C Value
(g/m
2
-s per kg/m
3
)
0.5
97.78
1
85.81
2
76.08
5
65.75
10
59.16
30
50.60
161
Section 742.APPENDIX C: Tier 2 Tables and Illustrations
TABLE I:
Values to be Substituted for k
s
when Evaluating Ionizing Organics as a Function of pH
pH
Benzoic Acid
2-Chloro-
phenol
2,4-
Dichloro-
phenol
2,4-Dinitro-
phenol
Pentachlorlo-
phenol
2,3,4,5-Tetra-
chlorophenol
2,3,4,6-Tetra-
chlorophenol
2,4,5-
Trichloro-
phenol
2,4,6-
Trichloro-
phenol
4.9
5.54E+00
3.98E+02
1.59E+02
2.94E-02
9.05E+03
1.73E+04
4.45E+03
2.37E+03
1.04E+03
5.0
4.64E+00
3.98E+02
1.59E+02
2.55E-02
7.96E+03
1.72E+04
4.15E+03
2.36E+03
1.03E+03
5.1
3.88E+00
3.98E+02
1.59E+02
2.23E-02
6.83E+03
1.70E+04
3.83E+03
2.36E+03
1.02E+03
5.2
3.25E+00
3.98E+02
1.59E+02
1.98E-02
5.97E+03
1.67E+04
3.49E+03
2.35E+03
1.01E+03
5.3
2.72E+00
3.98E+02
1.59E+02
1.78E-02
5.10E+03
1.65E+04
3.14E+03
2.34E+03
9.99E+02
5.4
2.29E+00
3.98E+02
1.58E+02
1.62E-02
4.32E+03
1.61E+04
2.79E+03
2.33E+03
9.82E+02
5.5
1.94E+00
3.97E+02
1.58E+02
1.50E-02
3.65E+03
1.57E+04
2.45E+03
2.32E+03
9.62E+02
5.6
1.65E+00
3.97E+02
1.58E+02
1.40E-02
3.07E+03
1.52E+04
2.13E+03
2.31E+03
9.38E+02
5.7
1.42E+00
3.97E+02
1.58E+02
1.32E-02
2.58E+03
1.47E+04
1.83E+03
2.29E+03
9.10E+02
5.8
1.24E+00
3.97E+02
1.58E+02
1.25E-02
2.18E+03
1.40E+04
1.56E+03
2.27E+03
8.77E+02
5.9
1.09E+00
3.97E+02
1.57E+02
1.20E-02
1.84E+03
1.32E+04
1.32E+03
2.24E+03
8.39E+02
6.0
9.69E-01
3.96E+02
1.57E+02
1.16E-02
1.56E+03
1.24E+04
1.11E+03
2.21E+03
7.96E+02
6.1
8.75E-01
3.96E+02
1.57E+02
1.13E-02
1.33E+03
1.15E+04
9.27E+02
2.17E+03
7.48E+02
6.2
7.99E-01
3.96E+02
1.56E+02
1.10E-02
1.15E+03
1.05E+04
7.75E+02
2.12E+03
6.97E+02
6.3
7.36E-01
3.95E+02
1.55E+02
1.08E-02
9.98E+02
9.51E+03
6.47E+02
2.06E+03
6.44E+02
162
pH
Benzoic Acid
2-Chloro-
phenol
2,4-
Dichloro-
phenol
2,4-Dinitro-
phenol
Pentachlorlo-
phenol
2,3,4,5-Tetra-
chlorophenol
2,3,4,6-Tetra-
chlorophenol
2,4,5-
Trichloro-
phenol
2,4,6-
Trichloro-
phenol
6.4
6.89E-01
3.94E+02
1.54E+02
1.06E-02
8.77E+02
8.48E+03
5.42E+02
1.99E+03
5.89E+02
6.5
6.51E-01
3.93E+02
1.53E+02
1.05E-02
7.81E+02
7.47E+03
4.55E+02
1.91E+03
5.33E+02
6.6
6.20E-01
3.92E+02
1.52E+02
1.04E-02
7.03E+02
6.49E+03
3.84E+02
1.82E+03
4.80E+02
6.7
5.95E-01
3.90E+02
1.50E+02
1.03E-02
6.40E+02
5.58E+03
3.27E+02
1.71E+03
4.29E+02
6.8
5.76E-01
3.88E+02
1.47E+02
1.02E-02
5.92E+02
4.74E+03
2.80E+02
1.60E+03
3.81E+02
6.9
5.60E-01
3.86E+02
1.45E+02
1.02E-02
5.52E+02
3.99E+03
2.42E+02
1.47E+03
3.38E+02
7.0
5.47E-01
3.83E+02
1.41E+02
1.02E-02
5.21E+02
3.33E+03
2.13E+02
1.34E+03
3.00E+02
7.1
5.38E-01
3.79E+02
1.38E+02
1.02E-02
4.96E+02
2.76E+03
1.88E+02
1.21E+03
2.67E+02
7.2
5.32E-01
3.75E+02
1.33E+02
1.01E-02
4.76E+02
2.28E+03
1.69E+02
1.07E+03
2.39E+02
7.3
5.25E-01
3.69E+02
1.28E+02
1.01E-02
4.61E+02
1.87E+03
1.53E+02
9.43E+02
2.15E+02
7.4
5.19E-01
3.62E+02
1.21E+02
1.01E-02
4.47E+02
1.53E+03
1.41E+02
8.19E+02
1.95E+02
7.5
5.16E-01
3.54E+02
1.14E+02
1.01E-02
4.37E+02
1.25E+03
1.31E+02
7.03E+02
1.78E+02
7.6
5.13E-01
3.44E+02
1.07E+02
1.01E-02
4.29E+02
1.02E+03
1.23E+02
5.99E+02
1.64E+02
7.7
5.09E-01
3.33E+02
9.84E+01
1.00E-02
4.23E+02
8.31E+02
1.17E+02
5.07E+02
1.53E+02
7.8
5.06E-01
3.19E+02
8.97E+01
1.00E-02
4.18E+02
6.79E+02
1.13E+02
4.26E+02
1.44E+02
7.9
5.06E-01
3.04E+02
8.07E+01
1.00E-02
4.14E+02
5.56E+02
1.08E+02
3.57E+02
1.37E+02
8.0
5.06E-01
2.86E+02
7.17E+01
1.00E-02
4.10E+02
4.58E+02
1.05E+02
2.98E+02
1.31E+02
163
Section 742.APPENDIX C: Tier 2 Tables and Illustrations
TABLE J:
Values to be Substituted for k
s
when Evaluating Inorganics as a Function of pH
a
pH
As
Ba
Be
Cd
Cr (+3)
Cr (+6)
Hg
Ni
Ag
Se
Tl
Zn
4.9
2.5E+01
1.1E+01
2.3E+01
1.5E+01
1.2E+03
3.1E+01
4.0E-02
1.6E+01
1.0E-01
1.8E+01
4.4E+01
1.6E+01
5.0
2.5E+01
1.2E+01
2.6E+01
1.7E+01
1.9E+03
3.1E+01
6.0E-02
1.8E+01
1.3E-01
1.7E+01
4.5E+01
1.8E+01
5.1
2.5E+01
1.4E+01
2.8E+01
1.9E+01
3.0E+03
3.0E+01
9.0E-02
2.0E+01
1.6E-01
1.6E+01
4.6E+01
1.9E+01
5.2
2.6E+01
1.5E+01
3.1E+01
2.1E+01
4.9E+03
2.9E+01
1.4E-01
2.2E+01
2.1E-01
1.5E+01
4.7E+01
2.1E+01
5.3
2.6E+01
1.7E+01
3.5E+01
2.3E+01
8.1E+03
2.8E+01
2.0E-01
2.4E+01
2.6E-01
1.4E+01
4.8E+01
2.3E+01
5.4
2.6E+01
1.9E+01
3.8E+01
2.5E+01
1.3E+04
2.7E+01
3.0E-01
2.6E+01
3.3E-01
1.3E+01
5.0E+01
2.5E+01
5.5
2.6E+01
2.1E+01
4.2E+01
2.7E+01
2.1E+04
2.7E+01
4.6E-01
2.8E+01
4.2E-01
1.2E+01
5.1E+01
2.6E+01
5.6
2.6E+01
2.2E+01
4.7E+01
2.9E+01
3.5E+04
2.6E+01
6.9E-01
3.0E+01
5.3E-01
1.1E+01
5.2E+01
2.8E+01
5.7
2.7E+01
2.4E+01
5.3E+01
3.1E+01
5.5E+04
2.5E+01
1.0E-00
3.2E+01
6.7E-01
1.1E+01
5.4E+01
3.0E+01
5.8
2.7E+01
2.6E+01
6.0E+01
3.3E+01
8.7E+04
2.5E+01
1.6E-00
3.4E+01
8.4E-01
9.8E+00
5.5E+01
3.2E+01
5.9
2.7E+01
2.8E+01
6.9E+01
3.5E+01
1.3E+05
2.4E+01
2.3E-00
3.6E+01
1.1E+00
9.2E+00
5.6E+01
3.4E+01
6.0
2.7E+01
3.0E+01
8.2E+01
3.7E+01
2.0E+05
2.3E+01
3.5E-00
3.8E+01
1.3E+00
8.6E+00
5.8E+01
3.6E+01
6.1
2.7E+01
3.1E+01
9.9E+01
4.0E+01
3.0E+05
2.3E+01
5.1E-00
4.0E+01
1.7E+00
8.0E+00
5.9E+01
3.9E+01
6.2
2.8E+01
3.3E+01
1.2E+02
4.2E+01
4.2E+05
2.2E+01
7.5E-00
4.2E+01
2.1E+00
7.5E+00
6.1E+01
4.2E+01
6.3
2.8E+01
3.5E+01
1.6E+02
4.4E+01
5.8E+05
2.2E+01
1.1E+01
4.5E+01
2.7E+00
7.0E+00
6.2E+01
4.4E+01
6.4
2.8E+01
3.6E+01
2.1E+02
4.8E+01
7.7E+05
2.1E+01
1.6E+01
4.7E+01
3.4E+00
6.5E+00
6.4E+01
4.7E+01
6.5
2.8E+01
3.7E+01
2.8E+02
5.2E+01
9.9E+05
2.0E+01
2.2E+01
5.0E+01
4.2E+00
6.1E+00
6.6E+01
5.1E+01
6.6
2.8E+01
3.9E+01
3.9E+02
5.7E+01
1.2E+06
2.0E+01
3.0E+01
5.4E+01
5.3E+00
5.7E+00
6.7E+01
5.4E+01
164
pH
As
Ba
Be
Cd
Cr (+3)
Cr (+6)
Hg
Ni
Ag
Se
Tl
Zn
6.7
2.9E+01
4.0E+01
5.5E+02
6.4E+01
1.5E+06
1.9E+01
4.0E+01
5.8E+01
6.6E+00
5.3E+00
6.9E+01
5.8E+01
6.8
2.9E+01
4.1E+01
7.9E+02
7.5E+01
1.8E+06
1.9E+01
5.2E+01
6.5E+01
8.3E+00
5.0E+00
7.1E+01
6.2E+01
6.9
2.9E+01
4.2E+01
1.1E+03
9.1E+01
2.1E+06
1.8E+01
6.6E+01
7.4E+01
1.0E+01
4.7E+00
7.3E+01
6.8E+01
7.0
2.9E+01
4.2E+01
1.7E+03
1.1E+02
2.5E+06
1.8E+01
8.2E+01
8.8E+01
1.3E+01
4.3E+00
7.4E+01
7.5E+01
7.1
2.9E+01
4.3E+01
2.5E+03
1.5E+02
2.8E+06
1.7E+01
9.9E+01
1.1E+02
1.6E+01
4.1E+00
7.6E+01
8.3E+01
7.2
3.0E+01
4.4E+01
3.8E+03
2.0E+02
3.1E+06
1.7E+01
1.2E+02
1.4E+02
2.0E+01
3.8E+00
7.8E+01
9.5E+01
7.3
3.0E+01
4.4E+01
5.7E+03
2.8E+02
3.4E+06
1.6E+01
1.3E+02
1.8E+02
2.5E+01
3.5E+00
8.0E+01
1.1E+02
7.4
3.0E+01
4.5E+01
8.6E+03
4.0E+02
3.7E+06
1.6E+01
1.5E+02
2.5E+02
3.1E+01
3.3E+00
8.2E+01
1.3E+02
7.5
3.0E+01
4.6E+01
1.3E+04
5.9E+02
3.9E+06
1.6E+01
1.6E+02
3.5E+02
3.9E+01
3.1E+00
8.5E+01
1.6E+02
7.6
3.1E+01
4.6E+01
2.0E+04
8.7E+02
4.1E+06
1.5E+01
1.7E+02
4.9E+02
4.8E+01
2.9E+00
8.7E+01
1.9E+02
7.7
3.1E+01
4.7E+01
3.0E+04
1.3E+03
4.2E+06
1.5E+01
1.8E+02
7.0E+02
5.9E+01
2.7E+00
8.9E+01
2.4E+02
7.8
3.1E+01
4.9E+01
4.6E+04
1.9E+03
4.3E+06
1.4E+01
1.9E+02
9.9E+02
7.3E+01
2.5E+00
9.1E+01
3.1E+02
7.9
3.1E+01
5.0E+01
6.9E+04
2.9E+03
4.3E+06
1.4E+01
1.9E+02
1.4E+03
8.9E+01
2.4E+00
9.4E+01
4.0E+02
8.0
3.1E+01
5.2E+01
1.0E+05
4.3E+03
4.3E+06
1.4E+01
2.0E+02
1.9E+03
1.1E+02
2.2E+00
9.6E+01
5.3E+02
165
Section 742.APPENDIX C: Tier 2 Tables and Illustrations
TABLE K:
Parameter Estimates for Calculating Water-Filled Soil Porosity (
θ
θ
w
)
Soil Texture
a
K
s
1/(2B+3)
Sand
1,830
0.090
Loamy Sand
540
0.085
Sandy Loam
230
0.080
Silt Loam
120
0.074
Loam
60
0.073
Sandy Clay Loam
40
0.058
Silt Clay Loam
13
0.054
Clay Loam
20
0.050
Sandy Clay
10
0.042
Silt Clay
8
0.042
Clay
5
0.039
a
The appropriate texture classification is determined by a particle size analysis by ASTM
D2488-93 as incorporated by reference in Section 742.210 and the U.S. Department of
Agriculture Soil Textural Triangle shown in Appendix C, Illustration C.
166
Section 742.APPENDIX C: Tier 2 Tables and Illustrations
Illustration A: Tier 2 Evaluation for Soil
Determine the
contaminants that exceed
Tier 1 objectives
Select equations and site
specific information to be
utilized.
Determine
objectives for
Inhalation
Determine
objectives for
Migration to
Groundwater
Determine
objectives for
Ingestion
If the industrial/commercial
assumptions are used, the
calculations must be run for
construction workers also.
Is the lowest objective
developed from the
three routes achieved?
No Further Remediation
(Institution controls may be required)
Remediate to the
objective developed
Go to Tier 3
No
Yes
No
No Further Remediation
(Institutional controls may be required)
Section 742.APPENDIX C: Tier 2 Tables and Illustrations
Illustration B: Tier 2 Evaluation for Groundwater
Identify contaminants of concern which
exceed the Tier 1 groundwater
remediation objectives
Determine the horizontal and vertical
extent of the area the Tier 2 objective
is to be applied
Take action to remove any free product
Demonstrate all of the following:
contaminant
level will not
exceed the
Tier 1 level or
health
advisory at the
point of
human
exposure
contaminant
level will not
exceed Tier
1 levels
within a
setback
zone
contaminant
level will not
exceed surface
water quality
standards at any
discharge point
the source of
the release is
not within a
setback zone
or regulated
recharge area
institutional
controls are
in place if
engineered
barriers are to
be used
Develop a Tier 2 groundwater
remediation objective
(cannot not exceed the water
solubility of the contaminant)
Are the Tier 2
remediation objectives
achieved?
No Further Remediation
Yes
No
Conduct remediation
or a Tier 3 evaluation
168
Section 742.APPENDIX C: Tier 2 Tables and Illustrations
Illustration C: U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Texture Classification
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Clay
Sandy
Clay
Sandy Clay Loam
Clay Loam
Silty
Clay
Silty Clay
Loam
Sandy Loam
Sand
Silt Loam
Silt
Loam
Loamy
Sand
Percent Clay
Percent Silt
Percent Sand
Criteria Used with the Field Method for Determining Soil Texture Classes
Criterion
1.
Individual grains
visible to eye
2.
Stability of dry
clods
3.
Stability of wet
clods
4.
Stability of
"ribbon" when
wet soil rubbed
between thumb
and fingers
Sand
Yes
Do not form
Unstable
Does not
form
Sandy loam
Yes
Do not form
Slightyl stable
Does not form
Loam
Some
Easily
broken
Moderately
stable
Does not form
Slit loam
Few
Moderately
easily broken
Stable
Broken
appearance
Clay loam
No
Hard and
stable
Very stable
Thin, will
break
Clay
No
Very hard
and stable
Very stable
Very long,
flexible
Particle Size, mm
0.002
Clay
Silt
0.05
Very Fine
Fine
Med.
Coarse
Very Coarse
Gravel
Sand
0.10
0.25
0.5
1.0
2.0
169
Section 742.APPENDIX D: Procedures for Determination of Class II Groundwater
The following is a procedure to demonstrate that groundwater beneath a site does not meet the
Class I criteria set forth in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 620.210 and therefore, need only meet the Class
II groundwater quality standards. Groundwater is classified in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 620 as a
Class II, general resource groundwater when it:
1)
Does not meet the provisions of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 620.230 (Class III) or 35 Ill.
Adm. Code 620.240 (Class IV); (Determining whether the groundwater is Class
III or Class IV is relatively straight forward, as is the requirement to determine
if the groundwater has previously been classified as Class II groundwater by the
Illinois Pollution Control Board (Board).) or,
2)
Has been found by the Board to be a Class II groundwater, pursuant to the
petition procedures set forth in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 620.260; (if a continuous
zone containing groundwater begins within 10 feet of the ground surface and
extends greater than ten feet below the ground surface it will not be considered a
Class II groundwater if an additional criterion is met under 35 Ill. Adm. Code
620.210, in this case it would be considered Class I groundwater. Although it
may be possible, it is unrealistic to try to designate two distinct classes of
groundwater within the same saturated hydrogeologic unit. But, if the person
conducting the remediation can demonstrate that by cleaning the groundwater
within ten feet of the surface to Class II specifications will not degrade the
groundwater greater than 10 feet below the ground surface above Class I
standards, the Agency may approve both Class I and II standards in accordance
with the location of the groundwater.) or,
3)
Is located less than ten feet below the ground surface; or,
4)
Does not meet the provisions of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 620.210, which is further
discussed in paragraphs (A) through (D) below.
Initially, the sources of information listed below should be considered to determine the
appropriate classification of groundwater:
1)
Published data concerning regional and local geologic and hydrogeologic
conditions (i.e. geologic surveys, former site investigations, etc.).
2)
The locations of all potable water wells located within one mile of the site with
the logs and/or dates of well completion attached.
3)
Available data on-site boring logs which characterize the geology from ground
surface to the first saturated unit or, if a perched zone is present, the first
saturated unit below the perched zone.
170
If after collecting and reviewing the above information the groundwater is clearly not a Class II
groundwater and one still wishes to pursue classification as Class II groundwater, further
investigation including site-specific information must be utilized to make a determination that
the groundwater is subject to the Class II standards. If the site geology or hydrogeologic
properties pass all criteria listed below, the groundwater is a Class II groundwater. The
information requirements listed describe the minimum documentation which should be
provided to the Agency.
A)
Groundwater cannot be located within the minimum setback of a well which serves as a
potable water supply and to the bottom of such well;
The minimum setback zone of a well extends from the land surface to the bottom of the
well as determined by the screen depth. This establishes a three-dimensional zone of
protection around the well.
Section 14 of the Environmental Protection Act (Act) established setback requirements
for potable water supply wells and potential sources/routes of contamination. Unless
regulatory relief consistent with this Section of the Act has been sought and received,
no new sources/routes may be located within 200 feet of a potable water supply well or
400 feet of a vulnerable community water supply well. Further, the converse of this
statement also applies (e.g., no new potable water supply well may locate within 200
feet of a current or future source/route). A 400 foot separation is required for a
vulnerable community water supply well. In addition, a community water supply may
establish maximum setback zones of up to 1,000 feet around the wells. This may cause
further siting restrictions for new activities as well as require technology controls under
35 Ill. Adm. Code 615/616 for existing and new activities.
This requirement may be satisfied by the submission of a scaled map delineating the site
and all potable water wells located within a one mile radius from the unit(s) of concern.
The Illinois State Water Survey and/or the Division of Public Water Supplies of the
Agency should be contacted, as well as other appropriate state and federal entities, to
obtain this information. A copy of the state or federal agency’s response to an
information inquiry should be included with the information submitted by the person
conducting the remediation. Also, a visual inspection of the area within 200 feet of the
unit(s) of concern should be conducted when possible to detect unplugged private wells.
B)
Formations beneath the site cannot consist of unconsolidated sand, gravel, or sand and
gravel which is 5 feet or more in thickness and that contains 12 percent or less in fines
(i.e. fines which pass through a No. 200 sieve tested according to ASTM Standard
Practice D2488-93);
This criterion is specific to the type of formations listed. If a zone of saturation fails
this Class II criterion, Class II may still apply pursuant to D below.
This criterion may be satisfied by the submission of, at a minimum, one site-specific,
continuously sampled boring log which clearly identifies the saturated interval from
171
which a representative sample was obtained. Sieve test analysis should be conducted on
several samples from each saturated interval which is at least five feet in thickness and
composed of sand-sized grains or greater. In addition, the person conducting the
remediation should submit the sieve data sheet, plot, and a scaled map which identifies
the location of each boring.
C)
Formations beneath the site cannot consist of sandstone which is 10 feet or more in
thickness, or fractured carbonate which is 15 feet or more in thickness; or
This requirement may be satisfied by the submission of, at a minimum, one site-
specific, continuously sampled boring log with a description of the geologic material
present. This boring log should extend from the ground surface to a depth which is 10
feet into the uppermost water-bearing unit subject to Class I standards or bedrock,
whichever is shallower. The boring(s) should be continuously sampled and located on
a scaled site map. A representative sample, as used previously, is a sample obtained
from each distinctive saturated unit within the boring. Also, a literature search of
regional and local geologic conditions should be conducted with the results submitted to
the Agency.
D)
Class II shall not include any geologic material which is shown capable of either of the
following:
•
Sustained groundwater yield, from up to a 12 inch borehole, of 150 gallons per
day or more from a thickness of 15 feet or less; or
This requirement may be satisfied by the submission of continuously sampled
boring logs which demonstrate aquifer thickness. In addition, as-built well
construction diagrams should also be submitted to the Agency for review.
Furthermore, a pump test or equivalent must be conducted to determine the
yield of the geologic material. Methodology, assumptions, and any calculations
performed should also be submitted to meet this requirement. If the aquifer
geometry and transmissivity have been obtained through a site-specific field
investigation, an analytical solution may be used to estimate well yield. The
person conducting the remediation must demonstrate the appropriateness of an
analytical solution to estimate well yield versus an actual field test. Well yield
should be determined for either confined or unconfined conditions.
The pump test should consider some minimum pumping rate during the test; the
following criteria should be used:
i)
If all areas within 200 feet of the site have access to a water main to
provide drinking water from a public water supply system, then a
minimum pumping rate of 4 gallons per minute should be used when
performing this test.
172
ii)
If all areas within 200 feet of the site do not have access to a water main
to provide drinking water from a public water supply system, then a
minimum pumping rate of 0.5 gallons per minute should be used when
performing this test.
•
Hydraulic conductivity of 1 x 10
-4
cm/sec or greater using one of the following
test methods or its equivalent:
This requirement may be satisfied by performing field and/or lab tests such as a
permeameter, slug test, and/or pump test.
An appropriate method of evaluation should be chosen based on the type of
wells, the length of time over which data may need to be collected and, if
known, the characteristics of the targeted aquifer. Such methods and the
suggested information to be submitted to the Agency are outlined below and
shall include at least one of the following:
i)
Permeameter
If this method is chosen, samples of unconsolidated materials should be
left in the field-sampling tubes which then become the permeameter
sample chamber. Proceeding in this manner should allow as little
disruption to the sample as possible. Unconsolidated samples should not
be repacked into the sample chamber. An outline of the laboratory test
method used and a description of the steps followed (including any
calculations) should be submitted to the Agency for review.
ii)
Slug tests
This information to be submitted to the Agency should include a
description of the slug test method utilized and a discussion of the
procedures followed during the tests, including any calculations
performed.
A significant drawback to performing a slug test is that it is heavily
dependent on a high-quality intake. If a well point is clogged or
corroded, measured values may be inaccurate. Also, if a well is
developed by surging or backwashing prior to testing, the measured
values may reflect increased conductivities in the artificially included
gravel pack around the intake. If slug tests are chosen, a sufficient
number of tests should be run to ensure that representative measures of
hydraulic conductivities have been obtained and that lateral variations at
various depths are documented.
iii)
Pump tests
173
Preliminary or short-term drawdown tests should be performed initially
to assess the appropriate pumping rate for the constant-rate tests.
Several methods and/or equations may be used in evaluating data
generated from pump tests such as Theis, Hantush-0Jacob, Hvorslev
and/or Theim equations. The method(s) of evaluation selected should be
provided to the Agency with justification for their use, (explanations of
any assumptions made and examples of all calculations performed along
with a description of the physical tests performed including the type of
pump used.)
NOTE: It may be beneficial to use laboratory evaluation methods to further
support results of field tests; however, field methods provide the best definition
of the hydraulic conductivity in most cases. The most appropriate method to
determine hydraulic conductivity for most sites will be the pump test, provided
proper evaluation of the data obtained from the test is utilized. Pump tests
provide in-situ measurements that are averaged over a large aquifer volume and
are preferred since they are able to characterize a greater portion of the
subsurface compared to the other aquifer tests. Slug tests provide in-situ values
representative of a small volume of porous media in the immediate vicinity of a
piezometer tip, providing point values only, and may be more appropriate in
very low-permeability materials in which conductivity is too small to conduct a
pump test.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
I, Dorothy M. Gunn, Clerk of the Illinois Pollution Control Board, hereby certify that
the above opinion and order was adopted on the ____ day of _______________, 1996, by a
vote of _______________.
________________________________
Dorothy M. Gunn, Clerk
Illinois Pollution Control Board