R95017D.PDF

SUMMARY OF TODAY'S ACTION
PUBLIC COMMENTS
REASONS FOR DELAY

ILLINOIS POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

September 5, 1996

IN THE MATTER OF:

)

R95-17

SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT

)

(Identical-in-Substance Rules)

UPDATE, USEPA Amendments

)

(Public Water Supplies)

(January 1 through June, 30,

)

1995)

)

Adopted Rule.

Final Order.

OPINION AND ORDER OF THE BOARD (by R.C. Flemal):

SUMMARY OF TODAY'S ACTION

Pursuant to Section 17.5 of the Environmental Protection Act (Act), the Board today

adopts an update to its regulations that are identical in substance to USEPA regulations

implementing the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). The Board rules are contained in 35 Ill.

Adm. Code 611. The text of the adopted rules appears in the order segment of this document,

following the discussions.

Section 17.5 of the Act provides for quick adoption of regulations that are "identical in

substance" to federal regulations. Section 17.5 provides that Title VII of the Act and Section 5

of the Illinois Administrative Procedure Act (APA) shall not apply. Because this rulemaking

is not subject to Section 5 of the APA (5 ILCS 100/5-35 and 5-45), it is not subject to first

notice requirements or second notice review by the Joint Committee on Administrative Rules

(JCAR).

As discussed more fully below, this rulemaking involves revisions of the Illinois public

water supply regulations. It includes the federal amendments to the SDWA analytical

procedures corrections and the deletion of obsolete, redundant, and outdated rules adopted by

USEPA on June 29, 1995. Further involved are several corrections to the base text of the

regulations, as requested by the Illinois EPA (Agency).

PUBLIC COMMENTS

The Board requested public comments on the proposal of April 18, 1996. The Board

accepted comments for more than 45 days after Notices of Proposed Amendments appeared in

the Illinois Register on May 3, 1996, at 20 Ill. Reg. 6121 (Part 607) and 611 (Part 6133).

The Board received the following three comments on the proposal:

PC 1

Illinois EPA (Agency), docketed June 17, 1996, by Connie L. Tonsor, Assistant

Counsel, Division of Legal Counsel.

PC 2

Illinois EPA (Agency), docketed June 26, 1996, by Lou Allyn Byus, Assistant

Manager, Field Operations, Division of Public Water Supplies (with attached

letter to Charlene Denys, Chief, Safe Drinking Water Branch, USEPA Region

V, including handwritten reply notes).

PC 3

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), docketed July 9, 1996, by

Ronald W. Murawski, Minnesota/Illinois State Project Officer, Safe Drinking

Water Branch.

By PC 1, the Agency expressed general agreement with the approach taken by the

Board on the amendments. It included a small number of suggested revisions, and it requested

that the Board open a general rulemaking docket to consider the Agency-suggested

amendments not included in the April 18, 1996 proposal for public comment. (See discussion

on pages 5 through 13 of this opinion and order.) The Board opened docket R96-18 in

response to that request.

PC 2 highlighted an apparent error in the text of certain federal amendments of June

29, 1995 relating to analytical methods. The Agency requested in PC 2 that the Board correct

the error in adopting these amendments. USEPA responded in PC 3 that there was no error.

The Board considers the Agency-suggested correction below, beginning on page 14 of this

opinion and order.

REASONS FOR DELAY

Section 7.2(b) of the Environmental Protection Act (415 ILCS 5/7.2(b) requires the

Board to complete the present amendments within one year of the federal action upon which

they are based. Since the date of the earliest federal amendments was June 29, 1995, the

nominal due date for completion of this proceeding was June 29, 1996. The Board has been

unable to complete this matter before that date due to the magnitude of the review of the

Public Water Supplies rules prompted by a request filed by the Illinois EPA, the press of other

matters before the Board, and the fact that the Board will seek additional comment before

filing the amendments with the Secretary of State. Section 7.2(b) allows the Board to extend

the deadline by publishing a notice of the reasons for delay in the Illinois Register. The Board

presently anticipates filing these amendments within 35 days after the date of this order--i.e.,

by October 10, 1996.

The Board will cause a copy of the above segment of this opinion to be published in the

Illinois Register, as required by Section 7.2(b) of the Act.

ROUTINE DISCUSSIONS

At the end of the opinion segment of this document are two routine discussions

generally made as part of identical-in-substance opinions. The first is a summary of the

history of the Illinois SDWA identical-in-substance proceedings. The second is a summary of

some of the conventions the Board uses in deriving identical-in-substance rules. We present

those discussions for general informational purposes.

FEDERAL ACTIONS COVERED BY THIS RULEMAKING

AND GENERAL DISCUSSION OF THE PRESENT ISSUES

The SDWA program was drawn from 40 CFR 141 (national primary drinking water

regulations or NPDWRs), 40 CFR 142 (NPDWRs implementation), and 40 CFR 143 (national

secondary drinking water regulations or NSDWRs). The nominal update period of the R95-17

docket is from January 1, 1995 through June 30, 1995. USEPA amended its SDWA

regulations three times during the update period; two sets of amendments require Board action,

and the third does not. The federal actions during the time-frame of this docket were as

follows:

60 Fed. Reg. 33658 (June 28, 1995)(Revisions to State Primacy Provisions)

60 Fed. Reg. 33926 (June 29, 1995)(Deletion of Obsolete, Redundant, and Out-Dated

Rules)

60 Fed. Reg. 34084 (June 29, 1995)(Analytical Methods Technical Corrections)

The amendments to the state primacy provisions, adopted by USEPA on June 28, 1995,

amended the provisions for withdrawal of federal authorization of a state's SDWA program.

None of the USEPA amendments affected the actual state program requirements, so no Board

action is necessary beyond noting the federal action. The deletion of obsolete, redundant, and

out-dated rules on June 29, 1995 included revisions to elements of the federal rules that have

counterparts in the Illinois regulations. Amendments resulted to the Illinois rules from those

federal amendments. The analytical methods amendments of June 29, 1995 corrected minor

errors in the analytical methods amendments of December 5, 1994 (59 Fed. Reg. 1994),

adopted by the Board in consolidated docket R94-24/R95-3 on June 15, 1995, and in the July

17, 1992 (57 Fed. Reg. 31776) federal Phase V rules, adopted by the Board in docket R93-1

on July 13, 1993. The June 29, 1993 analytical methods corrections also require Board action.

Board action is further required by a comment filed March 1, 1996 by the Agency.

That comment highlights various errors and inconsistencies in the text of all of the Subtitle F

regulations (including the groundwater protection and groundwater quality rules). The Agency

requested numerous corrections to the text of the rules. Further discussion of this request and

a detailed outline of the corrections appear below on pages 5 through 13 of this discussion.

DETAILED SECTION-BY-SECTION-ANALYSIS

The Board adopts amendments in response to these federal actions. The following

detailed section-by-section discussion focuses on the details of the actions taken.

Routine, General and Housekeeping Amendments--All Sections

The Board has performed a number of standard revisions to the text of the federal

rules. The single most common revision is a change in usage to "USEPA", reversing the

changes begun in an earlier update docket. The Joint Committee on Administrative Rules

requested that the Board standardize the usage, choosing either "USEPA" or "U.S. EPA"

throughout the text of all regulations in all media (air, water, land, drinking water, etc.). The

Agency Bureau of Air requested that the Board use "USEPA". After consideration of the

Bureau of Air's request, the Board elected to begin the conversion to "USEPA", which

commences in this docket as to the drinking water regulations and which will continue into the

future. Other standard revisions are so minor as to warrant no explanation. The standard

changes are as follows:

Where the federal rules require an action "by" a certain date, the Board renders that as

"on or before" that date.

We have changed various subsections to the active voice, rather than following the

federal use of the passive voice.

We have updated all Board Notes to reflect the 1995 version of the Code of Federal

Regulations, where appropriate.

Agency-Requested Corrections to the Rules--Many Sections

The Board received a letter on March 4, 1996 from the Agency. The Agency has

reviewed all of the Subtitle F regulations. The letter highlights a number of errors and format

anomalies in the texts of Parts 601, 602, 603, 606, 607, 611, 615, 616, 617, and 620. The

Agency uses the letter to suggest a number of corrective and conforming amendments that it

wants the Board to ultimately make to the texts in Subtitle F. The Board is making a great

number of the revisions suggested by the Agency, but we cannot make all the requested

changes in the context of this proceeding. For a variety of reasons,

most of the amendments

the Board is not making in this proceeding are the proper subject of a Section 27 general

Most notably, many of the requested corrections relate to rules adopted by the Section 27

general rulemaking procedure, they do not affect identical-in-substance subject matter, and/or

the amendments may require substantive review of the affected rule.

rulemaking proceeding; those amendments are not the proper subject of a Section 17.5

identical-in-substance proceeding.

Parts 601 through 611 constitute the current Illinois drinking water rules. The primary

emphasis of Parts 601, 602, 603, 606, and 607 is on regulations unique to Illinois; these Parts

predate the advent of the current federal primary drinking water rules, and segments of those

older rules survive in Parts 601, 602, 603, and 607. The Board ultimately repealed Parts 604

and 605 in the course of implement the federal primary drinking water regulations of 40 CFR

141 through 143, from which Part 611 is derived. The Board cannot "amend" the repealed

Parts 604 and 605 so as to update the format of the Source Notes, as requested by the Agency.

Further, most of the Agency-requested corrective and conforming amendments to Parts 601,

602, 603, 606, and 607 are not necessary to implementing the federal primary drinking water

regulations, and some would require substantive review of the rules. Neither of these types of

action is appropriate in the context of an identical-in-substance proceeding.

Parts 615 through 617 are the Illinois water well setback regulations, adopted using the

general rulemaking procedure of Sections 14.4 and 27 of the Act in R89-5, effective January

10, 1992. The Board adopted Part 620 pursuant to Section 27 of the Act and Section 8 of the

Illinois Groundwater Protection Act [415 ILCS 55/8] in R89-14, effective November 25,

1991. The subject matters of the setback and groundwater protection rules do not relate to the

federal primary drinking water regulations. Amendment of these Parts is also inappropriate in

the context of an identical-in-substance proceeding.

The Board has reviewed the entire list of over 100 suggested revisions submitted by the

Agency. Numerous amendments have resulted to the texts of Parts 607 and 611. The Board

made the recommended corrections and revisions within these Parts that were related to the

Board's identical-in-substance mandate under Section 17.5 of the Act. The table indicates a

summary response to each Agency suggestion, and notes at the end of the table give further

explanation where necessary. The following summarizes the Agency's suggestions and

indicates the Board's response to each:

Agency-Recommended Corrections and Revisions

Section

Agency Request

Board Response/Action

1. 601 Source Note

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

2. 601.101

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

3. 601.103

Section missing from SOS file

Call SOS and provide copy of

filed rule

4. 601.105 "Act"

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

5. 601.105 "boil

order"

Change "bacteriologically" to

"microbiologically"

§ 27 subject matter

6. 601.105 "certified

laboratory"

Add reference to Illinois

Department of Nuclear Safety;

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matters

7. 601.105 "per-

sistent contam-

ination"

Change "check samples" to "repeat

samples"

See note 1 below

8. 601.105 "recurring

contamination"

Change "calendar year" to "twelve

consecutive month period"

See note 2 below

9. 601.105 "re-sell

water"

Change to "sell water"

See note 3 below

10. 602 Source Note

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

11. 602.105

Update names of statutes cited;

update to ILCS citations

§ 27 subject matters

12. 602.108

Repunctuate Section; correct cross-

reference to Section 602.105(c)

§ 27 subject matters

13. 602.109(a)

Correct to "registered person"

§ 27 subject matter

14. 602.110(c)

Add definite article before

"permittee"

§ 27 subject matter

15. 602.114

Add comma after "Part"

§ 27 subject matter

16. 602.115(b)

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

17. 602.120

Change to "this Part"

§ 27 subject matter

18. 603 Source Note

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

19. 603.102

Update statutory citations; update to

ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matters

20. 603.103

Update statutory citations; update to

ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matters

21. 603.103(a)

Change "for" to "of"

§ 27 subject matter

22. 603.104

Update statutory citations; update to

ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matters

23. 603.104(c)

Change "for" to "of"

§ 27 subject matter

24. 604.401

Provision not shown as repealed in

SOS filed copy

Call SOS to assure Section

does not appear

25. 607 Source Note

Update to ILCS citation

See Note 4 below

26. 607.103(a)

Add requirement for boiling

minimum specified time; add

requirement for continuing notice

until occurrence of specified event

§ 27 subject matter

27. 607.103(b)

Repunctuate subsection for

enhanced clarity

§ 27 subject matter

28. 607.104(c)

Change reference to Part 611, to

reflect repeal of Parts 605 and 606

Done in this docket; see note

4 below

29. 607.104(e)

Correct "35 Ill. Adm. Code

603.103 or 604.102" to "35 Ill.

Adm. Code 104 or Section 17(b) of

the Act

§ 27 subject matter

30. 611.100(a)

Correct ILCS citation to Section

17.5

Done in this docket

31. 611.100(b)

Add "to"

Done in this docket

32. 611.102(b)

"Technical Bulletin

601"

Change "Test" to "Testing"

Done in this docket

33. 611.102(b)

"ASTM Method

D1688-90 A or C"

Change "Graphit" to "Graphite"

Done in this docket

34. 611.130(b)(2)(A)

Change "TTHM" to "Fluoride"

Done in this docket

35. 611.130(c)(1)

Board Note

Change "PAT" to "PTA"

See note 5 below

36. 611.212(b)(3)(A)

Add "or"

Done in this docket

37. 611.212(d)(3)

Change "organism" to "organisms"

Done in this docket

38. 611.212(e)(1)

Correct "turbidity"

Done in this docket

39. 611.212(f)(2)

Add "surface"

Done in this docket

40. 611.212(g)

Correct "occurrence"

Done in this docket

41. 611.220 Board

Note

Correct citation to Public Health

Code

See note 6 below

42. 611.357(c)(1)

Correct cross-reference to

"611.356(d)(2)(A)"

Done in this docket

43. 611.357(c)(2)

Correct cross-reference to

"611.356(d)(2)(B)"

Done in this docket

44. 611.359(a)(2)(C)

Add reference to the Agency's

future 35 Ill. Adm. Code 184

regulations

See note 7 below

45. 611.510(b)(11)

Correct dieldrin method to "525.2"

Done in this docket, see note

8 below

46. 611.531(a)(2)

Change "to" to "of"

See note 9 below

47. 611.591

Correct "result of analysis . . .

indicates"

Done in this docket

48. 611.606(b)

Insert "a"

Done in this docket

49. 611.611(a)(22)-

(E)

Correct "discrete"

Done in this docket

50. 611.611(c)(1)

Add reference to the Agency's

future 35 Ill. Adm. Code 184

regulations

See note 7 below

51. 611.611(c)(2)(G)

Correct "mg/L"

Done in this docket

52. 611.630(b)

Add comma

Done in this docket

53. 611.641(d)

Correct cross-reference to Section

611.648(k)

See note 10 below

54. 611.645 Board

Note

Correct "alachlor"

Done in this docket

55. 611.646(k)(5)(C)

Add "the"

Done in this docket

56. 611.646(q)(1)-

(A), (q)(2)(A) &

(s)(2)(A)

Add reference to the Agency's

future 35 Ill. Adm. Code 184

regulations

See note 7 below

57. 611.648

A page (subsections (l) through (r))

is missing from the SOS filed copy

of the text

Call SOS and provide copy of

filed rule

58. 611.648(s)(2)(B)

Correct to "below"

Done in this docket

59. 611.683(a),

(a)(4) & (b)(1)

Correct cross-references to Section

611.680(b)

Done in this docket

60. 611.684

Correct cross-reference to Section

611.680(b)

Done in this docket

61. 611.685

Delete references to methods deleted

in R94-23/R95-3; the SOS filed

copy has two versions of the text

References deleted in this

docket; call SOS to assure

only correct version appears

62. 611.720(b)

Correct to "are"

Done in this docket

63. 611.731(a)(1) &

(c)(4)

Repunctuate proviso

Done in this docket

64. 611.731(c)(2)

Change to "processes"

Done in this docket

65. 611.732(a)(2)

Repunctuate proviso; correct to

"dose"

Done in this docket

66. 611.831

Delete unnecessary comma

Done in this docket

67. 611.840(b)

Repunctuate for clarity

See note 11 below

68. 611.851(c)(3)

Delete cross-reference to Section

611.647

Done in this docket

69. 611.852(c)(1)

Correct to "within"

Done in this docket

70. 611.855

Missing from the SOS filed text

Call SOS and provide a copy

if needed

71. 611.858

Correct cross-references to Sections

611.301(b) and 611.603

Done in this docket

72. 611.864

Provision not adopted by the Board

appears in SOS text

Call JCAR

73. 611.870

Delete cross-references to repealed

Section 611.650 or repeal whole

Section

Section repealed in this docket

74. 611.App. A(16),

(24), (53), (57), (58)

& (70)

Correct usage to "groundwater"

See note 12 below

75. 611.App. A(20)

Correct punctuation

Done in this docket

76. 611.App. A(28)

Correct to "hearts"

Done in this docket

77. 611.App. A(36),

(40) & (41)

Correct to "an"

Done in this docket

78. 611.App. B

Add Table headings used by

USEPA; use "£" and "³"; delete

">"

Done in this docket, see note

13 below

79. 611.App. B,

Table 1.1

Correct values to "376" and "298"

Done in this docket

80. 611.App. B,

Table 1.3

Correct values to "218" and "226"

Done in this docket

81. 611.App. B,

Table 1.4

Correct value to "98"

Done in this docket

82. 611.App. B,

Tables 2.1 & 3.1

Remove decimal points from values;

add missing footnotes from federal

text

Done in this docket

83. 611.Table E

The SOS filed text includes two

versions of this provision

Call SOS for deletion of

improper version

84. 611.Table F

Correct alignment of text

Done in this docket

85. 615 Authority

Note

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

86. 615.102 pre-

amble, "groundwater

standards" & "licens-

ed water well

contractor"

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

87. 615.102 "reg-

istered land surveyor"

& "registered

professional

engineer"

Update to new statutory citation

§ 27 subject matter

88. 615.203(b)(1) &

(b)(2)

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

89. 615.462

Correct cross-reference to "Subpart

§ 27 subject matter

90. 616 Authority

Note

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

91. 616.101

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

92. 616.102

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

93. 616.104(g)

Correct statutory source reference to

"Section 14.2(c) of the Act"

§ 27 subject matter

94. 616.447

Correct heading to "Section

616.447"

§ 27 subject matter

95. 617 Authority

Note

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

96. 617.101

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

97. 617.102

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

98. 620 Authority

Note

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

99. 620.110 pre-

amble, "IGPA",

"Private Sewage

Disposal Act" &

"previously mined

area" Board Note

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

100. 620.110 "cumu-

lative impact area"

Correct citation to "Surface Coal

Mining Land Conservation and

Reclamation Act" and update to

ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

101. 620.110 "unit"

Correct format of statutory source

reference

§ 27 subject matter

102. 620.260(k)(2)

Correct ILCS citation to "520 ILCS

10"

§ 27 subject matter

103. 620.301(c)

Use "Illinois Oil and Gas Act" in

statutory citation and update to

ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

104. 620.420(b)(2)

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

105. 620.450(b)(1)

Update to ILCS citation

§ 27 subject matter

106. 620.505(a)(5)-

(A) & (a)(5)(C)

Update to ILCS citations

§ 27 subject matter

Note 1: The term "check" sample is used in Sections 611.680(b)(3) and 611.683(b)(1) of the

Board's rules (as it is in corresponding 40 CFR 141.30(b)(3) and (c)(2)), which relate to

trihalomethanes, and in Section 611.860(a)(2) of the Board's rules (as it is in corresponding 40

CFR 141.33(a)(2)), which relates to bacteriological sampling. It also appears in Sections

654.301(c); 654.303(b); and 654.304(a), (b), and (e) of the Agency's rules, which relate to

bacteriological sampling. The phrase "repeat" sample is used in Sections 611.325(b),

611.522, 611.523(a)(2) and (a)(3), and 611.525 of the Board's rules (as it is in corresponding

40 CFR 141.63(b) and 141.21(b), (c)(1)(ii), (c)(1)(iii), and (e)) in the context of

microbiological monitoring. In Section 611.560(b) (and corresponding 40 CFR 141.22(b)),

the term relates to turbidity monitoring. Although a federal transition in terminology could

prompt identical-in-substance amendment of Illinois regulations not directly derived from

federal regulations in order to maintain consistency in the rules, the Board will not amend this

usage at this time. The term "check" is used as part of the definition of "persistent

contamination" and is not defined here. That means that this is part of the mixed,

interchangeable usage of "check" and "repeat" sampling, rather than the core source of

possible confusion, and the suggested amendment would not add further clarity. Since

alteration of the usage should consider the merits of the regulatory text on some basis other

than consistency with the federal program, this is more appropriately a subject of a Section 27

proceeding.

Note 2: The phrase "recurrent contamination" appears only in Section 653.607(b)(3) of the

Agency's regulations and nowhere else in Parts 601 through 603, 607, or 611 of the Board's

rules. Therefore the requested amendment would not serve to conform the Board's rules to the

federal SDWA program. Amendment or repeal of rules on any other basis is more appropriate

in the context of a Section 27 proceeding.

Note 3: The phrase "re-sell water" appears only in this definition. The phrase "sell water"

appears only in Section 611.100(d)(3) (as it is in corresponding 40 CFR 141.3(c)). Therefore

the requested amendment would not serve to conform the Board's rules to the federal SDWA

program. Amendment or repeal of rules on any other basis is more appropriate in the context

of a Section 27 proceeding.

Note 4: The repeal of Part 605 occurred in docket R93-1, and the repeal of Part 606 occurred

in docket R88-26. Since both dockets were identical-in-substance proceedings, and the Board

did not correct the references at that those times, the amendment is the proper subject of this

proceeding. Since this Part is open for this amendment, the Board will comply with the

Agency's request and update the statutory citation in the authority note to the ILCS citation.

Note 5: The use of "PAT" indicated errors and discrepancies in the text of the federal rules.

USEPA corrected these on July 1, 1994, at 59 Fed. Reg. 34324. The Board did not delete the

discussion of the errors and discrepancies at that time, but is doing so in this docket.

Note 6: The Board cited 77 Ill. Adm. Code 900.40(e), which was the only provision relating

to operator certification that our research revealed. This citation further appears by way of

example, "e.g.". We cannot see that revision is necessary unless the Agency can indicate a

more appropriate citation.

Note 7: The Board cannot cross-reference regulations that do not yet exist. In fact, our

research reveals that the Agency had not proposed these rules as of the March 22, 1996 issue

of the Illinois Register. Since it will take the Agency more time to complete its Part 184

rulemaking under Article V of the Administrative Procedure Act (5 ILCS 100/5) than for the

Board to adopt these amendments using the identical-in-substance procedure, the Board will

wait until at least after the Agency has acted with regard to Part 184 before we update the

cross-references to Part 183 to reflect Part 184. That will likely occur in some future docket.

Note 8: In making the Agency-suggested correction, the Board notes that method 508.1 was

also omitted for this contaminant. We add that correction to this docket as well.

Note 9: The Board prefers to substitute "for" and has done so.

Note 10: The Board makes the correction in the cross-reference, but since former Section

611.648(k) is now codified as Section 611.645, the Board used the new location.

Note 11: The Board uses "any" in place of "the" and "of" in place of "in".

Note 12: The term "groundwater" is already used in subsections (16) and (24), and subsection

(56) is amended to delete its substantive language in this proceeding, so the Board made no

change in those subsections. The Board converted all remaining occurrences to "groundwater"

in subsections (53), (57), and (70), a search further revealed that this change was also

necessary for subsection (54).

Note 13: USEPA uses "£" for pH 9.0 and greater in Tables 1.1 through 1.6. The Board has

corrected this to "³", which is the correct scientific symbol.

The Board has three basic options in dealing with the Agency-requested amendments

that we have determined are more appropriate in the context of a Section 27 general

rulemaking proceeding:

1. The Board could wait until the Agency files a separate petition for amendments pursuant to

Section 27, doing nothing more until that time, then initiate the requested proceeding; or

2. The Board could interpret the Agency's letter as a petition for amendments pursuant to

Section 27, and immediately assign a separate docket number and initiate the rulemaking with

the Agency as proponent.

The Board invited comment on our responses to the Agency-recommended corrections

to the texts of Subtitle F Public Water Supplies regulations and on the approach we should take

to consideration of the Agency-requested amendments to Subtitle F. The Agency responded in

PC 3, asking that the Board consider its letters as the basis for opening a general rulemaking

docket for consideration of the amendments. In PC 3, the Agency committed to filing a more

complete petition for rulemaking to include these suggested amendments and possible others to

the rules. The Board opened docket R96-18 on June 20, 1196 for consideration of the

Agency's suggested amendments.

Corrections to Analytical Methods--Sections 611.102(c), 611.526, 611.531, 611.600,

611.648, 611.683, 611.685 & 611.687

USEPA corrected typographical errors and technical errors and omissions in the SDWA

analytical methods on June 29, 1995, at 60 Fed. Reg. 34084. The Board has incorporated the

federal corrections with minimal deviation in language as necessary to conform with the text

and format of the existing Illinois regulations.

A correction to 40 CFR 141.21(f)(3) added a line about sample storage temperatures at

footnote 1 to the table (corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code 611.526(c)). The Board added

this language as an independent clause, rather than as a separate sentence, and conformed with

our existing "supplier" usage, rather than use "supply". Another correction to footnote 2

(corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code 611.526(c)(1)(A)) added the omitted language "and

false-negative rate".

USEPA corrected the Standard Method 2550B to 2550 for temperature at 40 CFR

141.23(k)(1) (corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code 611.611(a)(24)), in order to reference the

entire method. It further removed footnote 1 to the table at 40 CFR 141.23(k)(4)

(corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code 611.611(b)(1)(A), (b)(3)(A), (b)(4)(A), (b)(5)(A),

(b)(6)(A), (b)(9)(A), (b)(10)(A), (b)(14)(A), and (b)(15)(A)) to remove language already

included in the referenced analytical method. Another correction in the text of the table is in

the proper format for "NaOH". It was not necessary for the Board to act on this latter

correction, since we did not repeat it in the original adoption of this provision.

USEPA also corrected aspects of the synthetic and volatile organic chemical

contaminant (SOC and VOC) and trihalomethanes (THM) analytical methods. A correction to

the chemical name "1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane" appeared in 40 CFR 141.24(h)(18)

(corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code 611.648(r)(2)). USEPA restored inadvertently-

removed language from Part III of removed Appendix C to 40 CFR 141.30 at 40 CFR 141.30

(e) and (g) (corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code 611.685 and new 611.687) relating to

THM and total THM potential sampling. In incorporating the 40 CFR 141.30(e) language, the

Board used this opportunity to correct two oversights from the prior R94-23/R95-3 docket: we

deleted the incorporation of previously-removed 40 CFR 141, Subpart C, Appendix C from

Section 611.102(c), and we restored language pertaining to total THM sampling erroneously

deleted from Section 611.685 in that docket. In incorporating the newly-restored language of

40 CFR 141.30(g), the Board has divided new Section 611.687 language into subsections for

enhanced clarity, altered the federal text to use "must" in subsection (a), and imposed the

provisions of the subsections (b) and (c) as requirements on the "supplier". USEPA also

removed references to USEPA methods 501.1 and 501.2 from 40 CFR 141.30(e)

(corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code 611.685), which USEPA had earlier removed as viable

for use. No Board action is required to remove those references at this time because the Board

earlier removed them in R94-24/R95-3, when we made the amendments necessary to centralize

the methods in response to the December 5, 1994 (59 Fed. Reg. 62469) consolidation of

analytical methods. Finally, USEPA added a reference at 40 CFR 141.30(c)(1)

(corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code 611.683(a)(1)) to the total THM potential sampling

procedure of 40 CFR 141.30(g). The Board incorporated that amendment without revision.

USEPA also corrected 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1) (corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code

611.531(a)(2)). USEPA deleted the reference to analysis for temperature, corrected the

method name "fecal coliform procedure", added omitted language to footnote 2 to the table

pertaining to sample storage temperatures, and corrected the omission from footnote 3

language referring to the "false-negative rate" for total coliforms. The Board has incorporated

these federal corrections with only minor deviations from the federal text: we have retained

our use of Board Notes to present the federal footnote material, and we used "the supplier" in

place of "systems". Other federal corrections to 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1) were not necessary in

the Illinois rules due to differences in the structures of the two sets of regulations. These

include the use of superscript for marking the footnotes.

The Board invited comment on our responses to the federal corrections to the Phase V

and analytical methods regulations. The Agency responded with PC 1, expressing general

agreement with the amendments made. The corrections recommended by the Agency in PC 1

and accepted by the Board are tabulated as follows:

Agency-Prompted Revisions to the Text of the Proposed Rules

Section

Correction

611.100(a), (b) & (e)

Use "USEPA"

611.130(e)(6)

Add "BOARD NOTE:"

611.510(a)(2)

Correct spelling of "application"

611.526(c)

Correct spelling of "hold"

611.526(f)(2)

Use lower case for "agar"

611.526(h)

Correct spelling of "incorporations"

611.646(n), (p) & (q)

Use "USEPA"

611.687(c)(1)

Change "it" to "if"

The Board made no changes in response to a number of Agency recommendations asserting

that there were too many spaces between sentences in a handful of provisions: Sections

611.357(a)(1)(A); 611.526(f)(1), (f)(2), and (f)(3); 611.851(a)(1); and 611.Appendix A(15),

(21), (57), (59), (60), and (68). The Board could find no such errors in the text. However,

the re-examination of the text prompted by the Agency suggestions did disclose a handful of

additional necessary corrections that the Board has made. These are tabulated as follows:

Other Revisions to the Text of the Proposed Rules

Section

Correction

611.102(a) "Guidance Manual . . ."

Capitalize "Using" in title

611.102(a) "Guidance Manual . . .",

"USEPA Asbestos Methods-100.1",

"USEPA Asbestos Methods-100.2",

"USEPA Environmental Inorganics

Methods", "USEPA Environmental Metals

Methods", "USEPA Organic Methods" &

"USEPA Technical Notes"

Use "USEPA"

611.102(b) "NTIS" & "United States

Environmental Protection Agency, EMSL"

methods listings, "USEPA, Science and

Technology Branch" heading

Use "USEPA"

611.641(d) Board note

Use "USEPA"

611.645 preamble

Use "USEPA"

In submitting PC 2, the Agency suggested further that USEPA made an error at 60

Fed. Reg. 34086 in adding footnote 2 to the entries for total coliforms and fecal coliforms in

the table at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1). The Agency requested that the Board correct the error in

the text of the adopted amendments. Attached to PC 2 is a June 20, 1996 letter from the

Agency to USEPA discussing the apparent error and requesting resolution. At the bottom of

that letter is an hand-written note from USEPA acknowledging the problem and promising

resolution.

The addition of footnote 2 to the two entries for total coliforms and fecal coliforms had

the effect of significantly shortening the transit time formerly allowed for samples from 30

hours to eight hours. The Agency contended in its letter to USEPA that this eight-hour transit

time will create hardship for public water supplies and laboratories in that many would be

forced into prearranged direct transit of samples and immediate analysis, rather than on

overnight shipment and analysis. The Agency correctly highlights that the preamble discussion

at 60 Fed. Reg. 34084 considers adding a maximum sample transit temperature limitation, but

does not discuss transit time. The preamble discussion states that the addition of the

temperature limitation--i.e., the only correction relating to footnote 2--rectifies an error made

on December 5, 1994, at 59 Fed. Reg. 62456. The Agency correctly highlights that the

December 5, 1994 discussion at 59 Fed. Reg. 62460 declined to shorten the sample transit

time to 24 hours because of the issues of hardship raised in public comments on such a

reduction. USEPA stated that it would work with states to minimize any such hardships if it

should decide to reduce the transit time from 30 hours to 24 hours.

PC 3, from USEPA Region V, relates a response to PC 2 from the Office of Ground

Water and Drinking Water. The Office stated that there is an intended difference between 40

CFR 141.21(f)(3) (corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code 611.526(c)), which allows a 30-hour

transit time for finished water samples, and 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1) (corresponding with 35 Ill.

Adm. Code 611.531(a)(1)), which was amended to eight hours for raw water samples from

unfiltered supplies. The Office explained that coliform die-off is more rapid for raw water

samples than for finished water samples, so the differences in the respective transit times "is

no discrepancy". The Office proceeded to explain that there are no unfiltered supplies in

Illinois, so the 8-hour transit time would not apply here.

In considering the Agency's request to remove the reference to an eight-hour transit

time for total coliform and fecal coliform samples, we are inclined to agree with the Agency

that an error has occurred at the federal level. Further, we find that the comments from

USEPA Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water are not directly relevant to the issue

whether USEPA erred in shortening the transit time requirements. First, USEPA chose not to

shorten the transit time to 24 hours on December 5, 1994, instead committing itself to

addressing the issues and problems raised by such an action at a future time. Nothing in the

federal action of June 29, 1995 actually addresses the transit time. Rather, the June 29 action

was a series of technical amendments intended to correct the December 5 actions. The only

discussion relating to the corrections to footnote 2 relate to the maximum sample transit

temperature. This does not indicate that USEPA intended to address the transit time issues.

Second, section 4 of the federal Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. § 553) requires

public notice for comment on amendments to regulations. USEPA did not subject the eight-

hour transit time to such comment. Rather, USEPA made the express determination at 60

Fed. Reg. 34084 that public comment on its technical corrections was "not necessary or within

the public interest". This is a finding allowed under APA section 4, but usually reserved to

instances where the instant amendments do not raise new issues on which comment has not

previously been sought.

Despite this, the Board feels constrained to retain the eight-hour sample transit time

incorporated into the proposal for public comment. Our mandate under Sections 7.2 and 17.5

is to adopt regulations that are "identical-in-substance" to the federal SDWA regulations. The

federal rules now provide an eight-hour transit time for fecal coliform and total coliform

samples between the time of sampling and the time of analysis. Nothing in the record before

the Board clearly and unequivocally indicates that USEPA did not intend this change. If the

Board were to retain the 30-hour transit time requirement, we would risk a situation in which

the Illinois regulations would become less stringent than the federal rules. This is a risk to

federal authorization of the federal program that we are not willing to take without a very clear

indication from USEPA that the change to eight hours was an error and correction of the error

will not jeopardize state primacy.

For these reasons, the Board is retaining the eight-hour maximum sample retention time

in this final opinion and order. Nevertheless, we do believe that USEPA erred in applying this

time to total coliforms and fecal coliforms, so we will withhold filing these amendments for 30

days after the date of this order. This 30 days will allow the Agency additional time to elicit

the comments of USEPA directly on this issue before the amendments would become

effective. If the Board receives an indication from USEPA that an error has occurred, the

Board will have an additional opportunity to amend the rules by a supplemental opinion and

order.

The Board requests supplemental comment from USEPA on the issue of whether

USEPA erred in changing the 30-hour sample retention time for total coliforms and fecal

coliforms to eight hours. Specifically, the Board desires comment on whether we can

retain the 30-hour requirement without rendering the Illinois regulations fatally less

stringent than the federal rules on this point.

Deletion of Obsolete, Redundant, and Out-Dated Rules--Sections 611.300, 611.301, 611.600

& 611.Appendix A(56)

USEPA adopted the removal of obsolete, redundant, and out-dated rules on June 29,

1995 (60 Fed. Reg. 33926) in response to a March 4, 1995 Presidential order. The removal

rulemakings on that date embraced several federal environmental programs, including those

under the Safe Drinking Water Act. As to the SDWA primary drinking water regulations,

USEPA removed seven segments of the rules.

An amendment to 40 CFR 141.11 (corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code 611.300)

removed all the old maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) except that for arsenic. Those

MCLs appeared in the newer listing at 40 CFR 141.62 (corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code

611.301). It was not necessary for the Board to make corresponding deletions, since the Board

had already removed the duplicative MCLs from Section 611.300; however, review of

subsections (b) through (d) revealed other outdated language that we deleted in this

proceeding. This included an incorporation by reference in subsection (d) rendered

superfluous by the incorporation of the actual language from the incorporated federal provision

in prior docket R93-1.

Amendments to 40 CFR 141.23(a)(4)(i), 141.62(b)(14), and 141.32(e)(56)

(corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code 611.600(d), 611.301(b), and 611.Appendix A(56),

respectively) removed the MCL and health effects warning for nickel from the table of MCLs,

the methods table, and the health effects provision. It left the nickel entries pertaining to

analytical methods, BAT, and detection limits intact. USEPA undertook this action in

response to an agreed judicial remand in the consolidated litigation in Nickel Development

Institute v. EPA, No. 92-1407, and Specialty Steel Industry of the U.S. v. Browner, No. 92-

1410 (D.C. Cir.). The Board adopted the federal deletions without significant deviation. We

added an explanatory Board Note at Sections 611.301(b) and 611.600(d) relating to the

deletion of the nickel MCL. We further used the opportunity to remove obsolete language

from Section 611.301(b) and its Board Note. We also added our customary language at

Section 611.Appendix A(56) to maintain structural parity with the federal rules.

An amendment to 40 CFR 141.23(k)(3)(ii) (corresponding with 35 Ill. Adm. Code

611.611(c)) corrected a typographical error. Since the Board corrected the error when

adopting the original rule in R93-1, the Board need not directly respond to this federal action.

Although no amendment of the corresponding Illinois rule is necessary based on this federal

action, the Board deleted language in the Board Note at Section 611.611(c)(2)(A) that

explained our correction of the federal error.

The Board does not need to respond to three other federal rules deletions. Illinois

never adopted the MCL goals (MCLGs) for drinking water contaminants because these are not

mandatory federal primary drinking water standards. This means that no amendment is

necessary to remove the nickel MCLG entries as in 40 CFR 141.51(b). Similarly, it is not

necessary for the Board to respond to the deletion of the one-time health effects notice for lead

of 40 CFR 141.34. That requirement expired prior to the initial implementation of the federal

primary drinking water standards when the Board adopted R88-26. The Board never

incorporated that expired provision into the Illinois rules.

The Board invited comment on our responses to the federal deletion of obsolete,

redundant, and out-dated regulations. The Agency responded generally that it agreed with the

Board's approach to these actions.

SDWA REGULATORY HISTORICAL SUMMARY

The Board adopted the initial round of USEPA drinking water regulations, including

the "Phase I" rules, adopted by USEPA prior to June 30, 1989, as follows:

R88-26

114 PCB 149, August 9, 1990 (14 Ill. Reg. 16517, effective September

20, 1990).

Subsequent dockets updated the regulations to include federal amendments since that time:

R90-4

112 PCB 317, dismissed June 21, 1990 (no USEPA amendments July 1

through December 31, 1989).

R90-13

117 PCB 687, December 20, 1990 (15 Ill. Reg. 1562, effective January

22, 1991) (January 1, 1990 through June 30, 1990).

R90-21

116 PCB 365, November 29, 1990 (14 Ill. Reg. 20448, effective

December 11, 1990) (Corrections to R88-26).

R91-3

137 PCB 253, November 19, 1992 (16 Ill. Reg. 19010, effective

December 1, 1992) (USEPA Phase II and Coliforms--consolidated with

R92-9; July 1, 1990 through January 31, 1991).

R91-15

137 PCB 627, dismissed December 3, 1992 (no USEPA amendments

February 1, 1991 through May 31, 1991).

R92-3

-- PCB --, May 6, 1993 (17 Ill. Reg. 7796, effective May 18, 1993)

(USEPA Phase IIB and Lead and Copper rules; June 1, 1991 through

December 31, 1991).

R92-9

137 PCB 253, November 19, 1992 (16 Ill. Reg. 19010, effective

December 1, 1992) (Corrections to Phase I rules, R88-26--consolidated

with R91-3).

R92-12

137 PCB 725, dismissed December 3, 1992 (no USEPA amendments

June 1, 1992 through June 30, 1991).

R93-1

-- PCB --, July 14, 1993 (17 Ill. Reg. 12648, effective July 23, 1993)

(USEPA Phase V rules; July 1, 1992 through December 31, 1992).

R93-19

-- PCB --, dismissed September 23, 1993 (no USEPA amendments

January 1 through June 30, 1993).

R94-4

-- PCB --, July 21, 1994 (18 Ill. Reg. 12291, effective July 28, 1995)

(TTHM analytical methods; July 1, 1993 through December 31, 1993).

R94-23

-- PCB --, June 15, 1995 (19 Ill. Reg. 8613, effective June 20, 1995)

(Lead and Copper Corrections; January 1 through June 30, 1994)

(Consolidated with R95-3).

R95-3

-- PCB --, June 15, 1995 (19 Ill. Reg. 8613, effective June 20, 1995)

(Phase II, IIB & V Corrections & Analytical Methods Amendments; July

1 through December 31, 1994) (Consolidated with R94-23).

R95-17

This Docket, -- PCB --, September 5, 1996 (-- Ill. Reg. --, effective

October --, 1996) (Corrections to analytical methods and deletion of

obsolete, redundant, and outdated provisions; January 1 through June,

30, 1995).

R96-7

-- PCB --, dismissed March 7, 1996 (no USEPA amendments July 1

through December 31, 1995).

R97-2

Reserved docket. (January 1 through June 30, 1996).

AGENCY OR BOARD ACTION?

Section 7.2(a)(5) of the Act requires the Board to specify which decisions USEPA will

retain. In addition, the Board is to specify which State agency is to make decisions based on

the general division of functions within the Act and other Illinois statutes.

In situations where the Board has determined that USEPA will retain decision-making

authority, the Board has replaced "Regional Administrator" with USEPA, so as to avoid

specifying which office within USEPA is to make a decision.

In a few instances, decisions are not appropriate for Agency action pursuant to a permit

application. Among the considerations in determining the general division of authority

between the Agency and the Board are the following:

1. Is the person making the decision applying a Board regulation, or taking action

contrary to ("waiving") a Board regulation? It generally takes some form of Board

action to "waive" a Board regulation.

2. Is there a clear standard for action such that the Board can give meaningful review

to an Agency decision?

3. Does the action result in exemption from the permit requirement itself? If so,

Board action is generally required.

4. Does the decision amount to "determining, defining or implementing

environmental control standards" within the meaning of Section 5(b) of the Act? If so,

it must be made by the Board.

There are four common classes of Board decision: variance, adjusted standard, site

specific rulemaking, and enforcement. The first three are methods by which a regulation can

be temporarily postponed (variance) or adjusted to meet specific situations (adjusted standard

or site specific rulemaking). Note that there often are differences in the nomenclature for

these decisions between the USEPA and Board regulations.

EDITORIAL CONVENTIONS

As a final note, the federal rules have been edited to establish a uniform usage

throughout the Board's regulations. For example, with respect to "shall", "will", and "may",

"shall" is used when the subject of a sentence has to do something; "must" is used when

someone has to do something, but that someone is not the subject of the sentence; "will" is

used when the Board obliges itself to do something, and "may" is used when choice of a

provision is optional. As to the conjunctions, "or" is used rather than "and/or", and denotes

"one or both"; "either . . . or" denotes "one but not both"; and "and" denotes "both".

ORDER

The Board will delay 30 days submitting these amendments to the Secretary of State for

filing and publication in the Illinois Register.

TITLE 35: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

SUBTITLE F: PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES

CHAPTER I: POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

PART 607

OPERATION AND RECORD KEEPING

Section

607.101

Protection During Repair Work (Repealed)

607.102

Disinfection Following Repair or Reconstruction (Repealed)

607.103

Emergency Operation

607.104

Cross Connections

607.105

Laboratory Testing Equipment (Repealed)

607.106

Record Maintenance (Repealed)

607.APPENDIXppendix A

References to Former Rules (Repealed)

AUTHORITY: Implementing Section 17 and authorized by Section 27 of the Environmental Protection Act (Ill.

Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 111 1/2, pars. 1017 and 1027)[415 ILCS 5/17 & 27].

SOURCE: Filed with Secretary of State January 1, 1978; amended and codified at 6 Ill. Reg. 11497 effective

September 14, 1982; amended in R88-26 at 14 Ill. Reg. 16512, effective September 20, 1990; amended in R95-

17 at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________.

Section 607.104 Cross Connections

No physical connection shall be permitted between the potable portion of a supply and any

other water supply not of equal or better bacteriological and chemical quality as determined by

inspection and analysis by the Agency, except as provided for in subsection (d).

There shall be no arrangement or connection by which an unsafe substance may enter a supply.

Control of all cross-connections to a supply is the responsibility of the owner or official

custodian of the supply. If a privately owned water supply source meets the applicable criteria,

it may be connected to a water supply upon approval by the owner or official custodian and by

the Agency. Where such connections are permitted, it is the responsibility of the public water

supply officials to assure submission from such privately owned water supply source or sources

samples and operating reports, as required by 35 Ill. Adm. Code 605 and 606611 as applicable

to the cross-connected source.

The Agency may adopt specific conditions for control of unsafe cross-connections, which shall

be complied with by the supplies of this State, as applicable. These conditions shall be adopted

and/or changed by the Agency as prescribed in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 602.115.

Each community water supply exempted pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 603.103 or 604.402

shall provide an active program approved by the Agency to continually educate and inform

water supply consumers regarding prevention of the entry or contaminants into the distribution

system. Conditions under which the Agency will approve this active program shall be adopted

or changed by the Agency as prescribed in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 602.115.

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

TITLE 35: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

SUBTITLE F: PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES

CHAPTER I: POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

PART 611

PRIMARY DRINKING WATER STANDARDS

SUBPART A: GENERAL

Section

611.100

Purpose, Scope and Applicability

611.101

Definitions

611.102

Incorporations by Reference

611.103

Severability

611.107

Agency Inspection of PWS Facilities

611.108

Delegation to Local Government

611.109

Enforcement

611.110

Special Exception Permits

611.111

Section 1415 Variances

611.112

Section 1416 Variances

611.113

Alternative Treatment Techniques

611.114

Siting requirements

611.115

Source Water Quantity

611.120

Effective dates

611.121

Maximum Contaminant Levels and Finished Water Quality

611.125

Fluoridation Requirement

611.126

Prohibition on Use of Lead

611.130

Special Requirements for Certain Variances and Adjusted Standards

SUBPART B: FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION

Section

611.201

Requiring a Demonstration

611.202

Procedures for Agency Determinations

611.211

Filtration Required

611.212

Groundwater under Direct Influence of Surface Water

611.213

No Method of HPC Analysis

611.220

General Requirements

611.230

Filtration Effective Dates

611.231

Source Water Quality Conditions

611.232

Site-specific Conditions

611.233

Treatment Technique Violations

611.240

Disinfection

611.241

Unfiltered PWSs

611.242

Filtered PWSs

611.250

Filtration

611.261

Unfiltered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping

611.262

Filtered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping

611.271

Protection during Repair Work

611.272

Disinfection following Repair

SUBPART C: USE OF NON-CENTRALIZED TREATMENT DEVICES

Section

611.280

Point-of-Entry Devices

611.290

Use of Point-of-Use Devices or Bottled Water

SUBPART D: TREATMENT TECHNIQUES

Section

611.295

General Requirements

611.296

Acrylamide and Epichlorohydrin

611.297

Corrosion Control

SUBPART F: MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS (MCL's)

Section

611.300

Old MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals

611.301

Revised MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals

611.310

Old MCLs for Organic Chemicals

611.311

Revised MCLs for Organic Contaminants

611.320

Turbidity

611.325

Microbiological Contaminants

611.330

Radium and Gross Alpha Particle Activity

611.331

Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity

SUBPART G: LEAD AND COPPER

Section

611.350

General Requirements

611.351

Applicability of Corrosion Control

611.352

Corrosion Control Treatment

611.353

Source Water Treatment

611.354

Lead Service Line Replacement

611.355

Public Education and Supplemental Monitoring

611.356

Tap Water Monitoring for Lead and Copper

611.357

Monitoring for Water Quality Parameters

611.358

Monitoring for Lead and Copper in Source Water

611.359

Analytical Methods

611.360

Reporting

611.361

Recordkeeping

SUBPART K: GENERAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section

611.480

Alternative Analytical Techniques

611.490

Certified Laboratories

611.491

Laboratory Testing Equipment

611.500

Consecutive PWSs

611.510

Special Monitoring for Unregulated Contaminants

SUBPART L: MICROBIOLOGICAL

MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section

611.521

Routine Coliform Monitoring

611.522

Repeat Coliform Monitoring

611.523

Invalidation of Total Coliform Samples

611.524

Sanitary Surveys

611.525

Fecal Coliform and E. Coli Testing

611.526

Analytical Methodology

611.527

Response to Violation

611.531

Analytical Requirements

611.532

Unfiltered PWSs

611.533

Filtered PWSs

SUBPART M: TURBIDITY MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section

611.560

Turbidity

SUBPART N: INORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section

611.591

Violation of State MCL

611.592

Frequency of State Monitoring

611.600

Applicability

611.601

Monitoring Frequency

611.602

Asbestos Monitoring Frequency

611.603

Inorganic Monitoring Frequency

611.604

Nitrate Monitoring

611.605

Nitrite Monitoring

611.606

Confirmation Samples

611.607

More Frequent Monitoring and Confirmation Sampling

611.608

Additional Optional Monitoring

611.609

Determining Compliance

611.610

Inorganic Monitoring Times

611.611

Inorganic Analysis

611.612

Monitoring Requirements for Old Inorganic MCLs

611.630

Special Monitoring for Sodium

611.631

Special Monitoring for Inorganic Chemicals

SUBPART O: ORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section

611.640

Definitions

611.641

Old MCLs

611.645

Analytical Methods for Organic Chemical Contaminants

611.646

Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V Volatile Organic Contaminants

611.647

Sampling for Phase I Volatile Organic Contaminants (Repealed)

611.648

Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V Synthetic Organic Contaminants

611.650

Monitoring for 36 Contaminants (Repealed)

611.657

Analytical Methods for 36 Contaminants (Repealed)

611.658

Special Monitoring for Organic Chemicals

SUBPART P: THM MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section

611.680

Sampling, Analytical and other Requirements

611.683

Reduced Monitoring Frequency

611.684

Averaging

611.685

Analytical Methods

611.686

Modification to System

611.687

Sampling for THM Potential

SUBPART Q: RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section

611.720

Analytical Methods

611.731

Gross Alpha

611.732

Manmade Radioactivity

SUBPART T: REPORTING, PUBLIC NOTIFICATION AND RECORDKEEPING

Section

611.830

Applicability

611.831

Monthly Operating Report

611.832

Notice by Agency

611.833

Cross Connection Reporting

611.840

Reporting

611.851

Reporting MCL and other Violations

611.852

Reporting other Violations

611.853

Notice to New Billing Units

611.854

General Content of Public Notice

611.855

Mandatory Health Effects Language

611.856

Fluoride Notice

611.858

Fluoride Secondary Standard

611.860

Record Maintenance

611.870

List of 36 Contaminants

611.Appendix A Mandatory Health Effects Information

611.Appendix B Percent Inactivation of G. Lamblia Cysts

611.Appendix C Common Names of Organic Chemicals

611.Appendix D Defined Substrate Method for the Simultaneous Detection of Total Coliforms and Eschericia

Coli from Drinking Water

611.Appendix E Mandatory Lead Public Education Information

611.Table A

Total Coliform Monitoring Frequency

611.Table B

Fecal or Total Coliform Density Measurements

611.Table C

Frequency of RDC Measurement

611.Table D

Number of Lead and Copper Monitoring Sites

611.Table E

Lead and Copper Monitoring Start Dates

611.Table F

Number of Water Quality Parameter Sampling Sites

611.Table G

Summary of Monitoring Requirements for Water Quality Parameters

611.Table Z

Federal Effective Dates

AUTHORITY: Implementing Sections 17 and 17.5 and authorized by Section 27 of the Environmental

Protection Act [415 ILCS 5/17, 17.5 and 27].

SOURCE: Adopted in R88-26 at 14 Ill. Reg. 16517, effective September 20, 1990; amended in R90-21 at 14

Ill. Reg. 20448, effective December 11, 1990; amended in R90-13 at 15 Ill. Reg. 1562, effective January 22,

1991; amended in R91-3 at 16 Ill. Reg. 19010, December 1, 1992; amended in R92-3 at 17 Ill. Reg. 7796,

effective May 18, 1993; amended in R93-1 at 17 Ill. Reg. 12650, effective July 23, 1993; amended in R94-4 at

18 Ill. Reg. 12291, effective July 28, 1994; amended in R94-23 at 19 Ill. Reg. 8613, effective June 20, 1995;

amended in R95-17 at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________.

Note: Capitalization denotes statutory language.

SUBPART A: GENERAL

Section 611.100 Purpose, Scope and Applicability

This Part satisfies the requirement of Section 17.5 of the Environmental Protection Act (Act)

[415 ILCS 5/17.5] that the Board adopt regulations which are identical in substance with

federal regulations promulgated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) pursuant to Sections 1412(b), 1414(c), 1417(a) and 1445(a) of the Safe Drinking Water

Act (SDWA) (42 U.S.C. 300f et seq.)

This Part establishes primary drinking water regulations (NPDWRs) pursuant to the SDWA,

and also includes additional, related State requirements which are consistent with and more

stringent than the U.S. EPA regulations (Section 7.2(a)(6) of the Act). The latter provisions

are specifically marked as "additional State requirements". They apply only to community

water systems (CWSs).

This Part applies to "suppliers", owners and operators of "public water systems" ("PWSs").

PWSs include CWSs, "non-community water systems ("non-CWSs") and "non-transient non-

community water systems ("NTNCWSs"), as these terms are defined in Section 611.101.

CWS suppliers are required to obtain permits from the Illinois Environmental

Protection Agency (Agency) pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 602.

Non-CWS suppliers are subject to additional regulations promulgated by the Illinois

Department of Public Health (Public Health) pursuant to Section 9 of the Illinois

Groundwater Protection Act [415 ILCS 55/9], including 77 Ill. Adm. Code 900.

Non-CWS suppliers are not required to obtain permits or other approvals from the

Agency, or to file reports or other documents with the Agency. Any provision in this

Part so providing is to be understood as requiring the non-CWS supplier to obtain the

comparable form of approval from, or to file the comparable report or other document

with Public Health.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.1 (1994).

This Part applies to each PWS, unless the PWS meets all of the following conditions:

Consists only of distribution and storage facilities (and does not have any collection

and treatment facilities);

Obtains all of its water from, but is not owned or operated by, a supplier to which

such regulations apply;

Does not sell water to any person; and

Is not a carrier which conveys passengers in interstate commerce.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.3 (1994).

Some subsection labels have been omitted in order to maintain local consistency between U.S.

EPA subsection labels and the subsection labels in this Part.

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.102 Incorporations by Reference

Abbreviations and short-name listing of references. The following names and abbreviated

names, presented in alphabetical order, are used in this Part to refer to materials incorporated

by reference:

"Amco-AEPA-1 Polymer" is available from Advanced Polymer Systems.

"ASTM Method" means a method published by and available from the American

Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

"Colisure Test" means "Colisure Presence/Absence Test for Detection and

Identification of Coliform Bacteria and Escherichia Coli in Drinking Water", available

from Millipore Corporation, Technical Services Department.

"Dioxin and Furan Method 1613" means "Tetra- through Octa- Chlorinated Dioxins

and Furans by Isotope-Dilution HRGC/HRMS", available from NTIS.

"GLI Method 2" means GLI Method 2, "Turbidity", Nov. 2, 1992, available from

Great Lakes Instruments, Inc.

"Guidance Manual for Compliance with the Filtration and Disinfection Requirements

for Public Water Systems uUsing Surface Water Sources", available from U.S. EPA

Science and Technology Branch.

"HASL Procedure Manual" means HASL Procedure Manual, HASL 300, available

from ERDA Health and Safety Laboratory.

"Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible Concentrations of

Radionuclides in Air and in Water for Occupational Exposure", NCRP Report Number

22, available from NCRP.

"NCRP" means "National Council on Radiation Protection".

"NTIS" means "National Technical Information Service".

"ONGP-MUG Test" (meaning "minimal medium ortho-nitrophenyl-beta-d-

galactopyranoside-4-methyl-umbelliferyl-beta-d-glucuronide test"), also called the

"Autoanalysis Colilert System", is Method 9223, available in "Standard Methods for

the Examination of Water and Wastewater", 18th ed., from American Public Health

Association.

"Procedures for Radiochemical Analysis of Nuclear Reactor Aqueous Solutions",

available from NTIS.

"Radiochemical Methods" means "Interim Radiochemical Methodology for Drinking

Water", available from NTIS.

"Standard Methods", means "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and

Wastewater", available from the American Public Health Association or the American

Waterworks Association.

"Technical Bulletin 601" means "Technical Bulletin 601, "Standard Method of Testing

for Nitrate in Drinking Water", July, 1994, available from Analytical Technology,

Inc.

"Technicon Methods" means "Fluoride in Water and Wastewater", available from

Technicon.

"U.S. EPA Asbestos Methods-100.1" means Method 100.1, "Analytical Method for

Determination of Asbestos Fibers in Water", available from NTIS.

"U.S. EPA Asbestos Methods-100.2" means Method 100.2, "Determination of

Asbestos Structures over 10-mm in Length in Drinking Water", available from NTIS.

"U.S. EPA Environmental Inorganics Methods" means "Methods for the

Determination of Inorganic Substances in Environmental Samples", available from

NTIS.

"U.S. EPA Environmental Metals Methods" means "Methods for the Determination of

Metals in Environmental Samples", available from NTIS.

"U.S. EPA Inorganic Methods" means "Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and

Wastes", available from NTIS. (Methods 150.1, 150.2, and 245.2, which formerly

appeared in this reference, are available from U.S. EPA EMSL.)

"U.S. EPA Organic Methods" means "Methods for the Determination of Organic

Compounds in Drinking Water", July, 1991, for Methods 502.2, 505, 507, 508,

508A, 515.1, and 531.1; "Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in

Drinking Water--Supplement I", July, 1990, for Methods 506, 547, 550, 550.1, and

551; and "Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water--

Supplement II", August, 1992, for Methods 515.2, 524.2, 548.1, 549.1, 552.1, and

555, available from NTIS. Methods 504.1, 508.1, and 525.2 are available from EPA

EMSL.

"USGS Methods" means "Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey

National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Inorganic and Organic

Constituents in Water and Fluvial Sediments", available from NTIS and USGS.

"U.S. EPA Technical Notes" means "Technical Notes on Drinking Water Methods",

available from NTIS.

"Waters Method B-1011" means "Waters Test Method for the Determination of

Nitrite/Nitrate in Water Using Single Column Ion Chromatography", available from

Millipore Corporation, Waters Chromatography Division.

The Board incorporates the following publications by reference:

Access Analytical Systems, Inc., See Environetics, Inc.

Advanced Polymer Systems, 3696 Haven Avenue, Redwood City, CA 94063 415-

366-2626:

Amco-AEPA-1 Polymer. See 40 CFR 141.22(a) (1995). Also, as referenced

in ASTM D1889.

American Public Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street NW, Washington, DC

20005 800-645-5476:

"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater", 18th

Edition, 1992, including "Supplement to the 18th Edition of Standard

Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater", 1994 (collectively

referred to as "Standard Methods, 18th ed."). See the methods listed

separately for the same references under American Water Works Association.

Analytical Technology, Inc. ATI Orion, 529 Main Street, Boston, MA 02129:

Technical Bulletin 601, "Standard Method of Test for Nitrate in Drinking

Water", July, 1994, PN 221890-001 (referred to as "Technical Bulletin 601").

ASTM. American Society for Testing and Materials, 1976 Race Street, Philadelphia,

PA 19103 215-299-5585:

ASTM Method D511-93 A and B, "Standard Test Methods for Calcium and

Magnesium in Water", "Test Method A--complexometric Titration" & "Test

Method B--Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric", approved 1993.

ASTM Method D515-88 A, "Standard Test Methods for Phosphorus in

Water", "Test Method A--Colorimetric Ascorbic Acid Reduction", approved

August 19, 1988.

ASTM Method D859-88, "Standard Test Method for Silica in Water",

approved August 19, 1988.

ASTM Method D1067-92 B, "Standard Test Methods for Acidity or

Alkalinity in Water", "Test Method B--Electrometric or Color-Change

Titration", approved May 15, 1992.

ASTM Method D1125-91 A, "Standard Test Methods for Electrical

Conductivity and Resistivity of Water", "Test Method A--Field and Routine

Laboratory Measurement of Static (Non-Flowing) Samples", approved June

15, 1991.

ASTM Method D1179-93 B "Standard Test Methods for Fluoride in Water",

"Test Method B--Ion Selective Electrode", approved 1993.

ASTM Method D1293-84 "Standard Test Methods for pH of Water", "Test

Method A--Precise Laboratory Measurement" & "Test Method B--Routine or

Continuous Measurement", approved October 26, 1984.

ASTM Method D1688-90 A or C, "Standard Test Methods for Copper in

Water", "Test Method A--Atomic Absorption, Direct" & "Test Method C--

Atomic Absorbtion, Graphit Furnace", approved March 15, 1990.

ASTM Method D2036-91 A or B, "Standard Test Methods for Cyanide in

Water", "Test Method A--Total Cyanides after Distillation" & "Test Method

B--Cyanides Amenable to Chlorination by Difference", approved September

15, 1991.

ASTM Method D2459-72, "Standard Test Method for Gamma Spectrometry

in Water," approved July 28, 1972, discontinued 1988.

ASTM Method D2907-91, "Standard Test Methods for Microquantities of

Uranium in Water by Fluorometry", "Test Method A--Direct Fluorometric"

& "Test Method B--Extraction", approved June 15, 1991.

ASTM Method D2972-93 B or C, "Standard Test Methods for Arsenic in

Water", "Test Method B--Atomic Absorption, Hydride Generation" & "Test

Method C--Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace", approved 1993.

ASTM Method D3223-91, "Standard Test Method for Total Mercury in

Water", approved September 23, 1991.

ASTM Method D3559-90 D, "Standard Test Methods for Lead in Water",

"Test Method D--Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace", approved August 6,

1990.

ASTM Method D3645-93 B, "Standard Test Methods for Beryllium in

Water", "Method B--Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace", approved 1993.

ASTM Method D3697-92, "Standard Test Method for Antimony in Water",

approved June 15, 1992.

ASTM Method D3859-93 A, "Standard Test Methods for Selenium in

Water", "Method A--Atomic Absorption, Hydride Method", approved 1993.

ASTM Method D3867-90 A and B, "Standard Test Methods for Nitrite-

Nitrate in Water", "Test Method A--Automated Cadmium Reduction" &

"Test Method B--Manual Cadmium Reduction", approved January 10, 1990.

ASTM Method D4327-91, "Standard Test Method for Anions in Water by Ion

Chromatography", approved October 15, 1991.

American Waterworks Association et al., 6666 West Quincy Ave., Denver, CO

80235 303-794-7711:

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 13th

Edition, 1971 (referred to as "Standard Methods, 13th ed.").

Method 302, Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Radioactivity in Water

(Total, Suspended and Dissolved).

Method 303, Total Radioactive Strontium and Strontium 90 in

Water.

Method 304, Radium in Water by Precipitation.

Method 305, Radium 226 by Radon in Water (Soluble, Suspended

and Total).

Method 306, Tritium in Water.

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th

Edition, 1992 (referred to as "Standard Methods, 18th ed."):

Method 2130 B, Turbidity, Nephelometric Method.

Method 2320 B, Alkalinity, Titration Method.

Method 2510 B, Conductivity, Laboratory Method.

Method 2550 B, Temperature, Laboratory and Field Methods.

Method 3111 B, Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry,

Direct Air-Acetylene Flame Method.

Method 3111 D, Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry,

Direct Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene Flame Method.

Method 3112 B, Metals by Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption

Spectrometry, Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometric

Method.

Method 3113 B, Metals by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption

Spectrometry, Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometric

Method.

Method 3114 B, Metals by Hydride Generation/Atomic Absorption

Spectrometry, Manual Hydride Generation/Atomic Absorption

Spectrometric Method.

Method 3120 B, Metals by Plasma Emission Spectroscopy,

Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Method.

Method 3500-Ca D, Calcium, EDTA Titrimetric Method.

Method 4110 B, Determination of Anions by Ion Chromatography,

Ion Chromatography with Chemical Suppression of Eluent

Conductivity.

Method 4500-CN

C, Cyanide, Total Cyanide after Distillation.

Method 4500-CN

E, Cyanide, Colorimetric Method.

Method 4500-CN

F, Cyanide, Cyanide-Selective Electrode Method.

Method 4500-CN

G, Cyanide, Cyanides Amenable to Chlorination

after Distillation.

Method 4500-Cl D, Chlorine (Residual), Amperometric Titration

Method.

Method 4500-Cl E, Chlorine (Residual), Low-Level Amperometric

Titration Method.

Method 4500-Cl F, Chlorine (Residual), DPD Ferrous Titrimetric

Method.

Method 4500-Cl G, Chlorine (Residual), DPD Colorimetric Method.

Method 4500-Cl H, Chlorine (Residual), Syringaldazine (FACTS)

Method.

Method 4500-Cl I, Chlorine (Residual), Iodometric Electrode

Technique.

Method 4500-ClO

C, Chlorine Dioxide, Amperometric Method I.

Method 4500-ClO

D, Chlorine Dioxide, DPD Method.

Method 4500-ClO

E, Chlorine Dioxide, Amperometric Method II

(Proposed).

Method 4500-F

B, Fluoride, Preliminary Distillation Step.

Method 4500-F

C, Fluoride, Ion-Selective Electrode Method.

Method 4500-F

D, Fluoride, SPADNS Method.

Method 4500-F

E, Fluoride, Complexone Method.

Method 4500-H

B, pH Value, Electrometric Method.

Method 4500-NO

B, Nitrogen (Nitrite), Colorimetric Method.

Method 4500-NO

D, Nitrogen (Nitrate), Nitrate Electrode Method.

Method 4500-NO

E, Nitrogen (Nitrate), Cadmium Reduction

Method.

Method 4500-NO

F, Nitrogen (Nitrate), Automated Cadmium

Reduction Method.

Method 4500-O

B, Ozone (Residual) (Proposed), Indigo

Colorimetric Method.

Method 4500-P E, Phosphorus, Ascorbic Acid Method.

Method 4500-P F, Phosphorus, Automated Ascorbic Acid Reduction

Method.

Method 4500-Si D, Silica, Molybdosilicate Method.

Method 4500-Si E, Silica, Heteropoly Blue Method.

Method 4500-Si F, Silica, Automated Method for Molybdate-

Reactive Silica.

Method 4500-SO

C, Sulfate, Gravimetric Method with Ignition of

Residue.

Method 4500-SO

D, Sulfate, Gravimetric Method with Drying of

Residue.

Method 4500-SO

F, Sulfate, Automated Methylthymol Blue

Method.

Method 6651, Glyphosate Herbicide (Proposed).

Method 9215 B, Heterotrophic Plate Count, Pour Plate Method.

Method 9221 A, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique for

Members of the Coliform Group, Introduction.

Method 9221 B, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique for

Members of the Coliform Group, Standard Total Coliform

Fermentation Technique.

Method 9221 C, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique for

Members of the Coliform Group, Estimation of Bacterial Density.

Method 9221 D, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique for

Members of the Coliform Group, Presence-Absence (P-A) Coliform

Test.

Method 9222 A, Membrane Filter Technique for Members of the

Coliform Group, Introduction.

Method 9222 B, Membrane Filter Technique for Members of the

Coliform Group, Standard Total Coliform Membrane Filter

Procedure.

Method 9222 C, Membrane Filter Technique for Members of the

Coliform Group, Delayed-Incubation Total Coliform Procedure.

Method 9223, Chromogenic Substrate Coliform Test (Proposed).

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th

Edition Supplement, 1994 (Referred to as "Standard Methods, 18th ed."):

Analytical Technology, Inc. ATI Orion, 529 Main Street, Boston, MA 02129:

Technical Bulletin 601, "Standard Method of Testing for Nitrate in Drinking

Water", July, 1994, PN 221890-001 (referred to as "Technical Bulletin 601").

ASTM. American Society for Testing and Materials, 1976 Race Street, Philadelphia,

PA 19103 215-299-5585:

ASTM Method D511-93 A and B, "Standard Test Methods for Calcium and

Magnesium in Water", "Test Method A--complexometric Titration" & "Test

Method B--Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric", approved 1993.

ASTM Method D515-88 A, "Standard Test Methods for Phosphorus in

Water", "Test Method A--Colorimetric Ascorbic Acid Reduction", approved

August 19, 1988.

ASTM Method D859-88, "Standard Test Method for Silica in Water",

approved August 19, 1988.

ASTM Method D1067-92 B, "Standard Test Methods for Acidity or

Alkalinity in Water", "Test Method B--Electrometric or Color-Change

Titration", approved May 15, 1992.

ASTM Method D1125-91 A, "Standard Test Methods for Electrical

Conductivity and Resistivity of Water", "Test Method A--Field and Routine

Laboratory Measurement of Static (Non-Flowing) Samples", approved June

15, 1991.

ASTM Method D1179-93 B "Standard Test Methods for Fluoride in Water",

"Test Method B--Ion Selective Electrode", approved 1993.

ASTM Method D1293-84 "Standard Test Methods for pH of Water", "Test

Method A--Precise Laboratory Measurement" & "Test Method B--Routine or

Continuous Measurement", approved October 26, 1984.

ASTM Method D1688-90 A or C, "Standard Test Methods for Copper in

Water", "Test Method A--Atomic Absorption, Direct" & "Test Method C--

Atomic Absorbtion, Graphite Furnace", approved March 15, 1990.

ASTM Method D2036-91 A or B, "Standard Test Methods for Cyanide in

Water", "Test Method A--Total Cyanides after Distillation" & "Test Method

B--Cyanides Amenable to Chlorination by Difference", approved September

15, 1991.

ASTM Method D2459-72, "Standard Test Method for Gamma Spectrometry

in Water," approved July 28, 1972, discontinued 1988.

ASTM Method D2907-91, "Standard Test Methods for Microquantities of

Uranium in Water by Fluorometry", "Test Method A--Direct Fluorometric"

& "Test Method B--Extraction", approved June 15, 1991.

ASTM Method D2972-93 B or C, "Standard Test Methods for Arsenic in

Water", "Test Method B--Atomic Absorption, Hydride Generation" & "Test

Method C--Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace", approved 1993.

ASTM Method D3223-91, "Standard Test Method for Total Mercury in

Water", approved September 23, 1991.

ASTM Method D3559-90 D, "Standard Test Methods for Lead in Water",

"Test Method D--Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace", approved August 6,

1990.

ASTM Method D3645-93 B, "Standard Test Methods for Beryllium in

Water", "Method B--Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace", approved 1993.

ASTM Method D3697-92, "Standard Test Method for Antimony in Water",

approved June 15, 1992.

ASTM Method D3859-93 A, "Standard Test Methods for Selenium in

Water", "Method A--Atomic Absorption, Hydride Method", approved 1993.

ASTM Method D3867-90 A and B, "Standard Test Methods for Nitrite-

Nitrate in Water", "Test Method A--Automated Cadmium Reduction" &

"Test Method B--Manual Cadmium Reduction", approved January 10, 1990.

ASTM Method D4327-91, "Standard Test Method for Anions in Water by Ion

Chromatography", approved October 15, 1991.

Method 6610, Carbamate Pesticides.

ERDA Health and Safety Laboratory, New York, NY:

HASL Procedure Manual, HASL 300, 1973. See 40 CFR 141.25(b)(2)

(1995).

Great Lakes Instruments, Inc., 8855 North 55th Street, Milwaukee, WI 53223:

GLI Method 2, "Turbidity", Nov. 2, 1992.

Millipore Corporation, Technical Services Department, 80 Ashby Road, Milford, MA

01730 800-654-5476:

Colisure Presence/Absence Test for Detection and Identification of Coliform

Bacteria and Escherichia Coli in Drinking Water, February 28, 1994 (referred

to as "Colisure Test").

Millipore Corporation, Waters Chromatography Division, 34 Maple St., Milford, MA

01757 800-252-4752:

Waters Test Method for the Determination of Nitrite/Nitrate in Water Using

Single Column Ion Chromatography, Method B-1011 (referred to as "Waters

Method B-1011").

NCRP. National Council on Radiation Protection, 7910 Woodmont Ave., Bethesda,

MD 301-657-2652:

"Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible

Concentrations of Radionuclides in Air and in Water for Occupational

Exposure", NCRP Report Number 22, June 5, 1959.

NTIS. National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285

Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161 (703) 487-4600 or 800-553-6847:

Method 100.1, "Analytical Method for Determination of Asbestos Fibers in

Water", EPA-600/4-83-043, September, 1983, Doc. No. PB83-260471

(referred to as "U.S. EPA Asbestos Methods-100.1").

Method 100.2, "Determination of Asbestos Structures over 10-mm in Length

in Drinking Water", EPA-600/4-83-043, June, 1994, Doc. No. PB94-201902

(Referred to as "U.S. EPA Asbestos Methods-100.2".

"Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes", March, 1983, Doc.

No. PB84-128677 (referred to as "U.S. EPA Inorganic Methods"). (Methods

150.1, 150.2, and 245.2, which formerly appeared in this reference, are

available from U.S. EPA EMSL.)

"Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples", June,

1991, Doc. No. PB91-231498 (referred to as "U.S. EPA Environmental

Metals Methods").

"Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water",

December, 1988, revised July, 1991, EPA-600/4-88/039 (referred to as "U.S.

EPA Organic Methods"). (For methods 502.2, 505, 507, 508, 508A, 515.1

and 531.1.)

"Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water--

Supplement I", July, 1990, EPA-600-4-90-020 (referred to as "U.S. EPA

Organic Methods"). (For methods 506, 547, 550, 550.1, and 551.)

"Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water--

Supplement II", August, 1992, EPA-600/R-92-129 (referred to as "U.S. EPA

Organic Methods"). (For methods 515.2, 524.2, 548.1, 549.1, 552.1 and

555.)

"Procedures for Radiochemical Analysis of Nuclear Reactor Aqueous

Solutions", H.L. Krieger and S. Gold, EPA-R4-73-014, May, 1973, Doc.

No. PB222-154/7BA.

"Technical Notes on Drinking Water Methods", EPA-600/R-94-173, October,

1994, Doc. No. PB-104766 (referred to as "U.S. EPA Technical Notes").

BOARD NOTE: U.S. EPA made the following assertion with regard to this

reference at 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1) and 141.24(e) and (n)(11) (19945): This

document contains other analytical test procedures and approved analytical

methods that remain available for compliance monitoring until July 1, 1996.

"Tetra- through Octa- Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans by Isotope Dilution

HRGC/HRMS", October, 1994, EPA-821-B-94-005 (referred to as "Dioxin

and Furan Method 1613").

Technicon Industrial Systems, Tarrytown, NY 10591:

"Fluoride in Water and Wastewater", Industrial Method #129-71W,

December, 1972 (referred to as "Technicon Methods: Method #129-71W").

See 40 CFR 141.23(f)(10), footnotes 6 and 7 (1995).

"Fluoride in Water and Wastewater", #380-75WE, February, 1976 (referred

to as "Technicon Methods: Method #380-75WE"). See 40 CFR

141.23(f)(10), footnotes 6 and 7 (1995).

United States Environmental Protection Agency, EMSL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 513-

569-7586:

"Interim Radiochemical Methodology for Drinking Water", EPA-600/4-75-

008 (referred to as "Radiochemical Methods"). (Revised) March, 1976.

"Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Finished Drinking

Water and Raw Source Water" (referred to as "U.S. EPA Organic Methods").

(For methods 504.1, 508.1, and 525.2 only). See NTIS.

"Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes" (referred to as "U.S.

EPA Inorganic Methods"). See NTIS. (Methods 150.1, 150.2, and 245.2

only)

"Procedures for Radiochemical Analysis of Nuclear Reactor Aqueous

Solutions". See NTIS.

U. S. EPA, Science and Technology Branch, Criteria and Standards Division, Office

of Drinking Water, Washington D.C. 20460:

"Guidance Manual for Compliance with the Filtration and Disinfection

Requirements for Public Water Systems using Surface Water Sources",

October, 1989.

USGS. Books and Open-File Reports Section, United States Geological Survey,

Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225-0425:

Methods available upon request by method number from "Methods of

Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--

Determination of Inorganic and Organic Constituents in Water and Fluvial

Sediments", Open File Report 93-125 or Book 5, Chapter A-1, "Methods for

Determination of Inorganic Substances in Water and Fluvial Sediments", 3d

ed., Open-File Report 85-495, 1989, as appropriate (referred to as "USGS

Methods").

I-1030-85

I-1062-85

I-1601-85

I-1700-85

I-2598-85

I-2601-90

I-2700-85

I-3300-85

The Board incorporates the following federal regulations by reference:

40 CFR 136, Appendix B and C (19945).

40 CFR 141, Subpart C, Appendix C (1994).

This Part incorporates no later amendments or editions.

(Source: Amended at 19 Ill. Reg. 8613, effective June 20, 1995)

Section 611.130 Special Requirements for Certain Variances and Adjusted Standards

Relief from the TTHM MCL.

In granting any variance or adjusted standard to a supplier that is a CWS that adds a

disinfectant at any part of treatment and which provides water to 10,000 or more

persons on a regular basis from the maximum contaminant level for TTHM listed in

Section 611.310(c), the Board will require application of the best available technology

(BAT) identified at subsection (a)(4) below for that constituent as a condition to the

relief, unless the supplier has demonstrated through comprehensive engineering

assessments that application of BAT is not technically appropriate and technically

feasible for that system, or it would only result in a marginal reduction in TTHM for

that supplier.

The Board will require the following as a condition for relief from the TTHM MCL

where it does not require the application of BAT:

That the supplier continue to investigate the following methods as an

alternative means of significantly reducing the level of TTHM, according to a

definite schedule:

introduction of off-line water storage for THM precursor reduction;

ii)

aeration for TTHM reduction, where geography and climate allow;

iii)

introduction of clarification, where not presently practiced;

iv)

use of alternative sources of raw water; and

use of ozone as an alternative or supplemental disinfectant or

oxidant, and

That the supplier report results of that investigation to the Agency.

The Agency shall petition the Board to reconsider or modify a variance or adjusted

standard, pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 101.Subpart K, if it determines that an

alternative method identified by the supplier pursuant to subsection (a)(2) above is

technically feasible and would result in a significant reduction in TTHM.

Best available technology for TTHM reduction:

use of chloramines as an alternative or supplemental disinfectant,

use of chlorine dioxide as an alternative or supplemental disinfectant, or

improved existing clarification for THM precursor reduction.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.60 (1994). The restrictions of

this subsection do not apply to suppliers regulated for TTHM as an additional

state requirement. See the Board Note to Section 611.301(c).

Relief from the fluoride MCL.

In granting any variance or adjusted standard to a supplier that is a CWS from the

maximum contaminant level for fluoride listed in Section 611.301(b), the Board will

require application of the best available technology (BAT) identified at subsection

(b)(4) below for that constituent as a condition to the relief, unless the supplier has

demonstrated through comprehensive engineering assessments that application of BAT

is not technically appropriate and technically feasible for that supplier.

The Board will require the following as a condition for relief from the fluoride MCL

where it does not require the application of BAT:

That the supplier continue to investigate the following methods as an

alternative means of significantly reducing the level of TTHM fluoride,

according to a definite schedule:

modification of lime softening;

ii)

alum coagulation;

iii)

electrodialysis;

iv)

anion exchange resins;

well field management;

vi)

use of alternative sources of raw water; and

vii)

regionalization, and

That the supplier report results of that investigation to the Agency.

The Agency shall petition the Board to reconsider or modify a variance or adjusted

standard, pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 101.Subpart K, if it determines that an

alternative method identified by the supplier pursuant to subsection (b)(2) above is

technically feasible and would result in a significant reduction in fluoride.

Best available technology for fluoride reduction:

activated alumina absorption centrally applied, and

reverse osmosis centrally applied.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.61 (1994).

Relief from an inorganic chemical contaminant, VOC, or SOC MCL.

In granting to a supplier that is a CWS or NTNCWS any variance or adjusted standard

from the maximum contaminant levels for any VOC or SOC, listed in Section

611.311(a) or (c), or for any inorganic chemical contaminant, listed in Section

611.301, the supplier must have first applied the best available technology (BAT)

identified at Section 611.311(b) (VOCs and SOCs) or Section 611.301(c) (inorganic

chemical contaminants) for that constituent, unless the supplier has demonstrated

through comprehensive engineering assessments that application of BAT would

achieve only a minimal and insignificant reduction in the level of contaminant.

BOARD NOTE: U.S. EPA lists BAT for each SOC and VOC at 40 CFR 142.62(a)

(19945), for the purposes of variances and exemptions (adjusted standards). That list

is identical to the list at 40 CFR 141.61(b) (1995)., with three exceptions: the section

142.62 listing adds PTA ("PAT") for alachlor; lists OX for hexachlorobenzene,

instead of GAC; and omits PTA for toxaphene. The Board has chosen to use the

section 141.61(a) (Section 611.311) BAT listing because we believe that this leads to

greater consistency.

The Board may require any of the following as a condition for relief from a MCL

listed in Section 611.301 or 611.311:

That the supplier continue to investigate alternative means of compliance

according to a definite schedule, and

That the supplier report results of that investigation to the Agency.

The Agency shall petition the Board to reconsider or modify a variance or adjusted

standard, pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 101.Subpart K, if it determines that an

alternative method identified by the supplier pursuant to subsection (c)(2) above is

technically feasible.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.62(a) through (e) (1994).

Conditions requiring use of bottled water or point-of-use or point-of-entry devices. In granting

any variance or adjusted standard from the maximum contaminant levels for organic and

inorganic chemicals or an adjusted standard from the treatment technique for lead and copper,

the Board may impose certain conditions requiring the use of bottled water, point-of-entry

devices, or point-of-use devices to avoid an unreasonable risk to health, limited as provided in

subsections (e) and (f) below.

Relief from an MCL. The Board may, when granting any variance or adjusted

standard from the MCL requirements of Sections 611.301 and 611.311, impose a

condition that requires a supplier to use bottled water, point-of-use devices, point-of-

entry devices or other means to avoid an unreasonable risk to health.

Relief from corrosion control treatment. The Board may, when granting an adjusted

standard from the corrosion control treatment requirements for lead and copper of

Sections 611.351 and 611.352, impose a condition that requires a supplier to use

bottled water and point-of-use devices or other means, but not point-of-entry devices,

to avoid an unreasonable risk to health.

Relief from source water treatment or service line replacement. The Board may,

when granting an exemption from the source water treatment and lead service line

replacement requirements for lead and copper under Sections 611.353 or 611.354,

impose a condition that requires a supplier to use point-of-entry devices to avoid an

unreasonable risk to health.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.62(f) (1994).

Use of bottled water. Suppliers that propose to use or use bottled water as a condition for

receiving a variance or an adjusted standard from the requirements of Section 611.301 or

Section 611.311, or an adjusted standard from the requirements of Sections 611.351 through

611.354 must meet the requirements of either subsections (e)(1), (e)(2), (e)(3), and (e)(6) or

(e)(4), (e)(5) and (e)(6) below:

The supplier must develop a monitoring program for Board approval that provides

reasonable assurances that the bottled water meets all MCLs of Sections 611.301 and

611.311 and submit a description of this program as part of its petition. The proposed

program must describe how the supplier will comply with each requirement of this

subsection.

The supplier must monitor representative samples of the bottled water for all

contaminants regulated under Sections 611.301 and 611.311 during the first three-

month period that it supplies the bottled water to the public, and annually thereafter.

The supplier shall annually provide the results of the monitoring program to the

Agency.

The supplier must receive a certification from the bottled water company as to each of

the following:

that the bottled water supplied has been taken from an approved source of

bottled water, as such is defined in Section 611.101;

that the approved source of bottled water has conducted monitoring in

accordance with 21 CFR 129.80(g)(1) through (3);

and that the bottled water does not exceed any MCLs or quality limits as set

out in 21 CFR 103.35, 110, and 129.

The supplier shall provide the certification required by subsection (e)(4) above to the

Agency during the first quarter after it begins supplying bottled water and annually

thereafter.

The supplier shall assure the provision of sufficient quantities of bottled water to every

affected person supplied by the supplier via door-to-door bottled water delivery.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.62(g) (1994).

Use of point-of-entry devices. Before the Board grants any PWS a variance or adjusted

standard from any NPDWR that includes a condition requiring the use of a point-of-entry

device, the supplier must demonstrate to the Board each of the following:

that the supplier will operate and maintain the device;

that the device provides health protection equivalent to that provided by central

treatment;

that the supplier will maintain the microbiological safety of the water at all times;

that the supplier has established standards for performance, conducted a rigorous

engineering design review, and field tested the device;

that the operation and maintenance of the device will account for any potential for

increased concentrations of heterotrophic bacteria resulting through the use of

activated carbon, by backwashing, post-contactor disinfection, and heterotrophic plate

count monitoring;

that buildings connected to the supplier's distribution system have sufficient devices

properly installed, maintained, and monitored to assure that all consumers are

protected; and

that the use of the device will not cause increased corrosion of lead and copper bearing

materials located between the device and the tap that could increase contaminant levels

at the tap.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.62(h) (1994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

SUBPART B: FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION

Section 611.212 Groundwater under Direct Influence of Surface Water

The Agency shall, pursuant to Section 611.201, require all CWSs to demonstrate whether they are using

"groundwater under the direct influence of surface water" by June 29, 1994. The Agency shall determine with

information provided by the supplier whether a PWS uses "groundwater under the direct influence of surface

water" on an individual basis. The Agency shall determine that a groundwater source is under the direct

influence of surface water based upon:

Physical characteristics of the source: whether the source is obviously a surface water source,

such as a lake or stream. Other sources which may be subject to influence from surface waters

include: springs, infiltration galleries, wells or other collectors in subsurface aquifers.

Well construction characteristics and geology with field evaluation.

The Agency may use the wellhead protection program's requirements, which include

delineation of wellhead protection areas, assessment of sources of contamination and

implementation of management control systems, to determine if the wellhead is under

the influence of surface water.

Wells less than or equal to 50 feet in depth are likely to be under the influence of

surface water.

Wells greater than 50 feet in depth are likely to be under the influence of surface

water, unless they include:

A surface sanitary seal using bentonite clay, concrete or similar material,

A well casing that penetrates consolidated (slowly permeable) material, and

A well casing that is only perforated or screened below consolidated (slowly

permeable) material.

A source which is less than 200 feet from any surface water is likely to be under the

influence of surface water.

Any structural modifications to prevent the direct influence of surface water and eliminate the

potential for Giardia lamblia cyst contamination.

Source water quality records. The following are indicative that a source is under the influence

of surface water:

A record of total coliform or fecal coliform contamination in untreated samples

collected over the past three years,

A history of turbidity problems associated with the source, or

A history of known or suspected outbreaks of Giardia lamblia or other pathogenic

organisms associated with surface water (e.g. cryptosporidium), whichthat has been

attributed to that source.

Significant and relatively rapid shifts in water characteristics such as turbidity, temperature,

conductivity or pH.

A variation in turbidity of 0.5 NTU or more over one year is indicative of surface

influence.

A variation in temperature of 9 Fahrenheit degrees or more over one year is indicative

of surface influence.

Significant and relatively rapid shifts in water characteristics such as turbidity, temperature,

conductivity or pH which closely correlate to climatological or surface water conditions are

indicative of surface water influence.

Evidence of particulate matter associated with the surface water. or,

Turbidity or temperature data which correlates to that of a nearby surface water

source.

Particulate analysis: Significant occurreance of insects or other macroorganisms, algae or

large diameter pathogens such as Giardia lamblia is indicative of surface influence.

"Large diameter" particulates are those over 7 micrometers.

Particulates must be measured as specified in the "Guidance Manual for Compliance

with the Filtration and Disinfection Requirements for Public Water Systems using

Surface Water Sources", incorporated by reference in Section 611.102.

The potential for contamination by small-diameter pathogens, such as bacteria or viruses, does

not alone render the source "under the direct influence of surface water".

BOARD NOTE: Derived from the definition of "groundwater under the direct influence of

surface water" in 40 CFR 141.2 (19945); from the Preamble at 54 Fed. Reg. 27489 (June 29,

1989); and from the U.S. EPA "Guidance Manual for Compliance with the Filtration and

Disinfection Requirements for Public Water Systems using Surface Water Sources",

incorporated by reference in Section 611.102.

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.220 General Requirements

The requirements of this Subpart constitute NPDWRs. This Subpart establishes criteria under

which filtration is required as a treatment technique for PWSs supplied by a surface water

source and PWSs supplied by a groundwater source under the direct influence of surface water.

In addition, these regulations establish treatment technique requirements in lieu of MCLs for

the following contaminants: Giardia lamblia, viruses, HPC bacteria, Legionella and turbidity.

Each supplier with a surface water source or a groundwater source under the direct influence

of surface water shall provide treatment of that source water that complies with these treatment

technique requirements. The treatment technique requirements consist of installing and

properly operating water treatment processes which reliably achieve:

At least 99.9 percent (3-log) removal or inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts between

a point where the raw water is not subject to recontamination by surface water runoff

and a point downstream before or at the first customer; and

At least 99.99 percent (4-log) removal or inactivation of viruses between a point where

the raw water is not subject to recontamination by surface water runoff and a point

downstream before or at the first customer.

A supplier using a surface water source or a groundwater source under the direct influence of

surface water is considered to be in compliance with the requirements of subsection (a) if:

It meets the requirements for avoiding filtration in Sections 611.230 through 611.232

and the disinfection requirements in Section 611.241; or

It meets the filtration requirements in Section 611.250 and the disinfection

requirements in Section 611.242.

Each supplier using a surface water source or a groundwater source under the direct influence

of surface water shall have a certified operator pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 603.103 and the

Public Water Supply Operations Act [415 ILCS 45].

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.70 (19945). The Public Water Supply Operations

Act applies only to CWSs, which are regulated by the Agency. It does not apply to non-CWSs,

which are regulated by Public Health. Public Health has its own requirements for personnel

operating water supplies that it regulates, e.g., 77 Ill. Adm. Code 900.40(e).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

SUBPART F: MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS (MCL'S)

Section 611.300 Old MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals

The old MCLs listed in subsection (b) below for inorganic chemicals apply only to CWS

suppliers. Compliance with old MCLs for inorganic chemicals is calculated pursuant to

Section 611.612, except that analyses for arsenic are to be performed pursuant to Section

611.611.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.11(a) (19945).

The following are the old MCL's for inorganic chemicals, with the old MCL for cyanide

effective only until the revised MCL for cyanide at Section 611.301(a) becomes effective:

Contaminant

Level, mg/L

Additional

State

Requirement (*)

Arsenic

0.05

Iron

1.0

Manganese

0.15

Zinc

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.11(b) & (c) (19945). This provision,

which corresponds with 40 CFR 141.11, was formerly the only listing of MCLs for

inorganic parameters. However, U.S. EPA added another listing of inorganic MCLs

at 40 CFR 141.62 at 56 Fed. Reg. 3594 (Jan. 30, 1991), which corresponds with

Section 611.301. Following the changing U.S. EPA codification scheme creates two

listings of MCLs: one at this Section and one at Section 611.301. This causes

fluoride to appear in both the 40 CFR 141.11(b) and 141.62(b) listings with the same

MCL. The Board has deleted the corresponding fluoride MCL from this Section in

favor of that which appears at Section 611.301(b).

This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.11(c) (1995), the substance of which the Board

has codified in subsection (b) abovemarked as reserved by USEPA. This statement maintains

structural parity with the federal rules.

Nitrate.

1) The Board incorporates by reference 40 CFR 141.11(d) (1994). This incorporation

includes no later editions or amendments.

Non-CWSs may exceed the MCL for nitrate under the following circumstances:

The nitrate level must not exceed 20 mg/L,

The water must not be available to children under six months of age,

There will be continuous posting of the fact that the nitrate level exceeds 10

mg/L together with the public health effects information set forth in

paragraph (2) of Section 611.Appendix A,

The supplier will annually notify local public health authorities and Public

Health of the nitrate levels that exceed 10 mg/L, and

No adverse public health effects result.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.11(d) (19945). Public Health

regulations may impose a nitrate limitation requirement. Those regulations

are at 77 Ill. Adm. Code 900.50.

The following supplementary condition applies to the MCLs listed in subsection (b) above for

iron and manganese:

CWS suppliers that serve a population of 1000 or less, or 300 service connections or

less, are exempt from the standards for iron and manganese.

The Agency may, by special exception permit, allow iron and manganese in excess of

the MCL if sequestration tried on an experimental basis proves to be effective. If

sequestration is not effective, positive iron or manganese reduction treatment as

applicable must be provided. Experimental use of a sequestering agent may be tried

only if approved by special exception permit.

BOARD NOTE: This is an additional State requirement.

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.301 Revised MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals

This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.62(a), reserved by U.S. EPA. This statement

maintains structural consistency with U.S. EPA rules.

The MCLs in the following table apply to CWSs. Except for fluoride, the MCLs also apply to

NTNCWSs. The MCLs for nitrate, nitrite, and total nitrate and nitrite also apply to transient

non-CWSs. The MCLs for antimony, beryllium, cyanide, nickel, and thallium are effective

January 17, 1994.

Contaminant

MCL

Units

Antimony

0.006

mg/L

Asbestos

MFL

Barium

mg/L

Beryllium

0.004

mg/L

Cadmium

0.005

mg/L

Chromium

0.1

mg/L

Cyanide (as free CN

)

0.2

mg/L

Fluoride

4.0

mg/L

Mercury

0.002

mg/L

Nickel 0.1 mg/L

Nitrate (as N)

10.

mg/L

Nitrite (as N)

mg/L

Total Nitrate and Nitrite

10.

mg/L

(as N)

Selenium

0.05

mg/L

Thallium

0.002

mg/L

BOARD NOTE: See the definition of "initial compliance period" at Section 611.101.

The federal secondary MCL for fluoride is 2.0 mg/L. The federal regulations require

public notice when water exceeds this level. See 40 CFR 143.3 and 143.5 (1994).

The Illinois notice requirement for fluoride above 2.0 mg/L appears at Section

611.858.See Section 611.300(d) for an elevated nitrate level for non-CWSs. USEPA

removed and reserved the MCL for nickel on June 29, 1995, at 60 Fed. Reg. 33932,

as a result of a judicial order in Nickel Development Institute v. EPA, No. 92-1407,

and Specialty Steel Industry of the U.S. v. Browner, No. 92-1410 (D.C. Cir. Feb. 23

& Mar. 6, 1995), while retaining the contaminant, analytical methodology, and

detection limit listings for this contaminant.

U.S. EPA has identified the following as BAT for achieving compliance with the MCL for the

inorganic contaminants identified in subsection (b) above, except for fluoride:

Contaminant

BAT(s)

Antimony

C/F

Asbestos

C/F

DDF

Barium

LIME

Beryllium

C/F

LIME

Cadmium

C/F

LIME

Chromium

C/F

LIME, BAT for Cr(III) only

Cyanide

Mercury

C/F, BAT only if influent Hg concentrations less than or

equal to (£) 10 mg/L

GAC

LIME, BAT only if influent Hg concentrations £ 10 mg/L

RO, BAT only if influent Hg concentrations £ 10 mg/L

Nickel

LIME

Nitrate

Nitrite

Selenium

AAL

C/F, BAT for Se(IV) only

LIME

Thallium

AAL

Abbreviations

AAL

Activated alumina

C/F

Coagulation/filtration

DDF

Direct and diatomite filtration

GAC

Granular activated carbon

Ion exchange

LIME

Lime softening

Reverse osmosis

Corrosion control

Electrodialysis

Oxidation (chlorine)

Ultraviolet irradiation

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.62 (19945).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

SUBPART G: LEAD AND COPPER

Section 611.357 Monitoring for Water Quality Parameters

All large system suppliers, and all small and medium-sized system suppliers that exceed the lead action level or

the copper action level, shall monitor water quality parameters in addition to lead and copper in accordance with

this Section. The requirements of this Section are summarized in Section 611.Table G.

General Requirements

Sample collection methods

Use of tap samples. The totality of all tap samples collected by a supplier

shall be representative of water quality throughout the distribution system

taking into account the number of persons served, the different sources of

water, the different treatment methods employed by the supplier, and seasonal

variability. Although a supplier may conveniently conduct tap sampling for

water quality parameters at sites used for coliform sampling performed

pursuant to Subpart L of this Part, it is not required to do so, and a supplier is

not required to perform tap sampling pursuant to this Section at taps targeted

for lead and copper sampling under Section 611.356(a).

Use of entry point samples. Each supplier shall collect samples at entry

point(s) to the distribution system from locations representative of each source

after treatment. If a supplier draws water from more than one source and the

sources are combined before distribution, the supplier must sample at an entry

point to the distribution system during periods of normal operating conditions

(i.e., when water is representative of all sources being used).

Number of samples

Tap samples. Each supplier shall collect two tap samples for applicable water

quality parameters during each six-month monitoring period specified under

subsections (b) through (e) below from the number of sites indicated in the

first column of Section 611.Table E.

Entry point samples.

Initial monitoring. Each supplier shall collect two samples for each

applicable water quality parameter at each entry point to the

distribution system during each six-month monitoring period

specified in subsection (b) below.

ii)

Subsequent monitoring. Each supplier shall collect one sample for

each applicable water quality parameter at each entry point to the

distribution system during each six-month monitoring period

specified in subsections (c) through (e) below.

Initial Sampling.

Large systems. Each large system supplier shall measure the applicable water quality

parameters specified in subsection (b)(3) below at taps and at each entry point to the

distribution system during each six-month monitoring period specified in Section

611.356(d)(1).

Small and medium-sized systems. Each small and medium-sized system supplier shall

measure the applicable water quality parameters specified in subsection (b)(3) below at

the locations specified in this subsection during each six-month monitoring period

specified in Section 611.356(d)(1) during which the supplier exceeds the lead action

level or the copper action level.

Water quality parameters:

pH;

alkalinity;

orthophosphate, when an inhibitor containing a phosphate compound is used;

silica, when an inhibitor containing a silicate compound is used;

calcium;

conductivity; and

water temperature.

Monitoring after installation of corrosion control.

Large systems. Each large system supplier that installs optimal corrosion control

treatment pursuant to Section 611.351(d)(4) shall measure the water quality parameters

at the locations and frequencies specified in subsections (c)(3) and (c)(4) below during

each six-month monitoring period specified in Section 611.356(d)(2)(iA).

Small and medium-sized systems. Each small or medium-sized system that installs

optimal corrosion control treatment pursuant to Section 611.351(e)(5) shall measure

the water quality parameters at the locations and frequencies specified in subsections

(c)(3) and (c)(4) below during each six-month monitoring period specified in Section

611.356(d)(2)(iiB) in which the supplier exceeds the lead action level or the copper

action level.

Tap water samples, two samples at each tap for each of the following water quality

parameters:

pH;

alkalinity;

orthophosphate, when an inhibitor containing a phosphate compound is used;

silica, when an inhibitor containing a silicate compound is used; and

calcium, when calcium carbonate stabilization is used as part of corrosion

control.

Entry point samples, one sample at each entry point to the distribution system every

two weeks (bi-weekly) for each of the following water quality parameters:

pH;

when alkalinity is adjusted as part of optimal corrosion control, a reading of

the dosage rate of the chemical used to adjust alkalinity, and the alkalinity

concentration; and

when a corrosion inhibitor is used as part of optimal corrosion control, a

reading of the dosage rate of the inhibitor used, and the concentration of

orthophosphate or silica (whichever is applicable).

Monitoring after the Agency specifies water quality parameter values for optimal corrosion

control.

Large systems. After the Agency has specified the values for applicable water quality

control parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment pursuant to Section

611.352(f), each large system supplier shall measure the applicable water quality

parameters in accordance with subsection (c) above during each six-month monitoring

period specified in Section 611.356(d)(3).

Small and medium-sized systems. Each small or medium-sized system supplier shall

conduct such monitoring during each six-month monitoring period specified in Section

611.356(d)(3) in which the supplier exceeds the lead action level or the copper action

level.

Confirmation sampling.

A supplier may take a confirmation sample for any water quality parameter

value no later than 3 days after it took the original sample it seeks to confirm.

If a supplier takes a confirmation sample, it must average the result obtained

from the confirmation sample with the result obtained from the original

sample it seeks to confirm, and the supplier shall use the average of these two

results for any compliance determinations under Section 611.352(g).

The Agency shall delete the results that it determines are due to obvious

sampling errors from this calculation.

Reduced monitoring.

Reduction in tap monitoring. A supplier that has maintained the range of values for

the water quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment during each

of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods under subsection (d) above shall

continue monitoring at the entry point(s) to the distribution system as specified in

subsection (c)(4) above. Such a supplier may collect two samples from each tap for

applicable water quality parameters from the reduced number of sites indicated in the

second column of Section 611.Table E during each subsequent six-month monitoring

period.

Reduction in monitoring frequency.

Stages of reductions.

Annual monitoring. A supplier that maintains the range of values for

the water quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control

treatment specified pursuant to Section 611.352(f) during three

consecutive years of monitoring may reduce the frequency with

which it collects the number of tap samples for applicable water

quality parameters specified in subsection (e)(1) above from every

six months to annually.

ii)

Triennial monitoring. A supplier that maintains the range of values

for the water quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control

treatment specified pursuant to Section 611.352(f) during three

consecutive years of annual monitoring under subsection (e)(2)(A)(i)

above may reduce the frequency with which it collects the number of

tap samples for applicable water quality parameters specified in

subsection (e)(1) above from annually to once every three years.

A supplier that conducts sampling annually or every three years shall collect

these samples evenly throughout the calendar year so as to reflect seasonal

variability.

Any supplier subject to a reduced monitoring frequency pursuant to this

subsection that fails to operate within the range of values for the water quality

parameters specified pursuant to Section 611.352(f) shall resume tap water

sampling in accordance with the number and frequency requirements of

subsection (d) above.

Additional monitoring by systems. The results of any monitoring conducted in addition to the

minimum requirements of this section shall be considered by the supplier and the Agency in

making any determinations (i.e., determining concentrations of water quality parameters) under

this Section or Section 611.352.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.87 (19945).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

SUBPART K: GENERAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section 611.510 Special Monitoring for Unregulated Contaminants

Monitoring for Phase I unregulated contaminants.

All CWS and NTNCWS suppliers shall begin monitoring for the contaminants listed in

subsection (a)(5) no later than the the following dates:

Less than 3300 persons served: January 1, 1991.

3300 to 10,000 persons served: January 1, 1989.

More than 10,000 persons served: January 1, 1988.

SWS and mixed system suppliers shall sample at points in the distribution system

representative of each water source or at entry points to the distribution system after

any applicaition of treatment. The minimum number of samples is one year of

quarterly samples per water source.

GWS suppliers shall sample at points of entry to the distribution system representative

of each well after any application of treatment. The minimum number of samples is

one sample per entry point to the distribution system.

The Agency may issue a SEP pursuant to Section 610.110 to require a supplier to use

a confirmation sample for results that it finds dubious for whatever reason. The

Agency must state its reasons for issuing the SEP if the SEP is Agency-initiated.

List of Phase I unregulated chemical contaminants:

Bromobenzene

Bromodichloromethane

Bromoform

Bromomethane

Chlorobenzene

Chlorodibromomethane

Chloroethane

Chloroform

Chloromethane

o-Chlorotoluene

p-Chlorotoluene

Dibromomethane

m-Dichlorobenzene

1,1-Dichloroethane

1,3-Dichloropropane

2,2-Dichloropropane

1,1-Dichloropropene

1,3-Dichloropropene

1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane

1,2,3-Trichloropropane

This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.40(f), reserved by U.S. EPA. This

statement maintains structural consistency with U.S. EPA rules.

Analyses performed pursuant to subsection (a) shall be conducted using the following

U.S. EPA Organic Methods: Methods 502.2 or 524.2 or their equivalent as approved

by the Agency, except that analyses for bromodichloromethane, bromoform, chloro-

dibromomethane, and chloroform may also be performed using U.S. EPA Organic

Methods: Method 551, and analyses for 1,2,3-trichloropropane may also be

performed using U.S. EPA Organic Methods: Method 504.1, all of which are

incorporated by reference in Section 611.102.

BOARD NOTE: Subsection (b) derived from 40 CFR 141.40(a) through (m) (19945),

as amended at 59 Fed. Reg. 62469 (Dec. 5, 1994). The Board has adopted no

counterpart to 40 CFR 141.40(h), which the Board has codified at subsection (c)

below; 141.40(i), which pertains to the ability of suppliers to grandfather data up until

a date long since expired; 141.41(j), an optional U.S. EPA provision relating to

monitoring 15 additional contaminants that U.S. EPA does not require for state

programs; 141.40(k), which pertains to notice to the Agency by smaller suppliers up

until a date long since expired in lieu of sampling; 141.40(l), which the Board has

adopted at subsection (d) below; and 141.40(m), an optional provision that pertains to

composite sampling. Otherwise, the structure of this Section directly corresponds with

40 CFR 141.40(a) through (m) (19945).

Monitoring for Phase V unregulated contaminants. Monitoring of the unregulated organic

contaminants listed in subsection (b)(11) below and the unregulated inorganic contaminants

listed in subsection (b)(12) below shall be conducted as follows:

Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier shall take four consecutive quarterly samples at

each sampling point for each contaminant listed in subsection (b)(11) below and report

the results to the Agency. Monitoring must be completed by December 31, 1995.

Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier shall take one sample at each sampling point for

each contaminant listed in subsection (b)(12) below and report the results to the

Agency. Monitoring must be completed by December 31, 1995.

Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier may apply to the Agency for a SEP pursuant to

Section 611.110 that releases it from any of the requirements of subsections (b)(1) and

(b)(2) above.

The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 as follows:

From any requirement of subsection (b)(1) above based on consideration of

the factors set forth at Section 611.110(e), and

From any requirement of subsection (b)(2) above if previous analytical results

indicate contamination would not occur, provided this data was collected after

January 1, 1990.

A GWS supplier shall take a minimum of one sample at every entry point to the

distribution system that is representative of each well after treatment ("sampling

point").

A SWS or mixed system supplier shall take a minimum of one sample at points in the

distribution system that are representative of each source or at each entry point to the

system after treatment ("sampling point").

If the system draws water from more than one source and sources are combined before

distribution, the supplier shall sample at an entry point during periods of normal

operating conditions (when water representative of all sources is being used).

The Agency may issue a SEP pursuant to Section 610.110 to require a supplier to use

a confirmation sample for results that it finds dubious for whatever reason. The

Agency must state its reasons for issuing the SEP if the SEP is Agency-initiated.

Suppliers shall take samples at the same sampling point unless the Agency has granted

a SEP allowing another sampling point because conditions make another sampling

point more representative of the water from each source or treatment plant.

BOARD NOTE: Subsection (b)(9) above corresponds with duplicate segments of 40

CFR 141.40(n)(5) and (n)(6) (19945), which correspond with subsections (b)(5) and

(b)(6) above. The Board has adopted no counterpart to 40 CFR 141.40(n)(9), an

optional provision that pertains to composite sampling. Otherwise, the structure of

this Section directly corresponds with 40 CFR 141.40(n) (19945).

10)

Instead of performing the monitoring required by this subsection, a CWS and

NTNCWS supplier serving fewer than 150 service connections may send a letter to the

Agency stating that the PWS is available for sampling. This letter must be sent to the

Agency by January 1, 1994. The supplier shall not send such samples to the Agency,

unless requested to do so by the Agency.

11)

List of Phase V unregulated organic contaminants with methods required for analysis

(all methods are from U.S. EPA Organic Methods unless otherwise noted; all are

incorporated by reference in Section 611.102):

Contaminant

U.S. EPA Organic Methods

Aldicarb

531.1, Standard Methods, 18th

ed.: Method 6610

Aldicarb sulfone

531.1, Standard Methods, 18th

ed.: Method 6610

Aldicarb sulfoxide

531.1, Standard Methods, 18th

ed.: Method 6610

Aldrin

505, 508, 508.1, 525.2

Butachlor

507, 525.2

Carbaryl

531.1, Standard Methods, 18th

ed.: Method 6610

Dicamba

515.1, 515.2, 555

Dieldrin

505, 508, 508.1, 525.2

3-Hydroxycarbofuran

531.1, Standard Methods, 18th

ed.: Method 6610

Methomyl

531.1, Standard Methods, 18th

ed.: Method 6610

Metolachlor

507, 508.1, 525.2

Metribuzin

507, 508.1, 525.2

Propachlor

508, 508.1, 525.2

12)

List of unregulated inorganic contaminants (all methods indicated are incorporated by

reference in Section 611.102):

Contaminant

Methods

Sulfate

U.S. EPA Environmental Inorganic Methods:

Methods 300.0, 375.2; ASTM Method D 4327-91;

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Methods 4110, 4500-

F, 4500-SO

C & 4500-SO

BOARD NOTE: Subsection (b) derived from 40 CFR 141.40(n) (19945), as

amended at 59 Fed. Reg. 62471 (Dec. 5, 1994).

Analyses performed pursuant to this Section must be conducted by a laboratory certified

pursuant to Section 611.646(q).

BOARD NOTE: Subsection (c) derived from 40 CFR 141.40 (h) (19945).

All CWS and NTNCWS suppliers shall repeat the monitoring required by this Section no less

frequently than every five years, starting from the dates specified in subsections (a)(1) and

(b)(2) above.

BOARD NOTE: Subsection (d) derived from 40 CFR 141.40 (l) (19945).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

SUBPART L: MICROBIOLOGICAL MONITORING

AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section 611.526 Analytical Methodology

The standard sample volume required for total coliform analysis, regardless of analytical

method used, is 100 mL.

Suppliers need only determine the presence or absence of total coliforms, a determination of

total coliform density is not required.

Suppliers shall conduct total coliform analyses in accordance with one of the following

analytical methods, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102 (the time from sample

collection to initiation of analysis may not exceed 30 hours, and the supplier is encouraged but

not required to hold samples below 10° C during transit):

Multiple-Tube Fermentation (MTF) Technique, as set forth in Standard Methods, 18th

ed.: Methods 9221 A and B:

Lactose broth, as commercially available, may be used in lieu of lauryl

tryptose broth if the supplier conducts at least 25 parallel tests between this

medium and lauryl tryptose broth using the water normally tested and this

comparison demonstrates that the false-positive rate and false negative rate

for total coliforms, using lactose broth, is less than 10 percent;

If inverted tubes are used to detect gas production, the media should cover

these tubes at least one-half to two-thirds after the sample is added; and

No requirement exists to run the completed phase on 10 percent of all total

coliform-positive confirmed tubes.

Membrane Filter (MF) Technique, as set forth in Standard Methods, 18th ed.:

Methods 9222 A, B, and C.

P-A Coliform Test, as set forth in: Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 9221 D:

No requirement exists to run the completed phase on 10 percent of all total

coliform-positive confirmed tubes; and

Six-times formulation strength may be used if the medium is filter-sterilized

rather than autoclaved.

ONPG-MUG test: Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 9223. (The ONPG-MUG

test is also known as the autoanalysis colilert system.)

Colisure Test from Millipore Corporation, incorporated by reference in Section

611.102. (The Colisure Test must be incubated for 28 hours before examining results.

If an examination of the results at 28 hours is not convenient, then results may be

examined at any time between 28 hours and 48 hours.)

BOARD NOTE: U.S. EPA included the P-A Coliform and Colisure Tests for testing

finished water under the coliform rule, but did not include them for the purposes of the

surface water treatment rule, under Section 611.531, for which quantitation of total

coliforms is necessary. For these reasons, U.S. EPA included Standard Methods:

Method 9221 C for the surface water treatment rule, but did not include it for the

purposes of the total coliform rule, under this Section.

This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.21(f)(4), which U.S. EPA has marked

"reserved". This statement maintains structural consistency with the federal regulations.

Suppliers shall conduct fecal coliform analysis in accordance with the following procedure:

When the MTF Technique or P-A Coliform Test is used to test for total coliforms,

shake the lactose-positive presumptive tube or P-A vigorously and transfer the growth

with a sterile 3-mm loop or sterile applicator stick into brilliant green lactose bile

broth and EC medium, defined below, to determine the presence of total and fecal

coliforms, respectively.

For approved methods that use a membrane filter, transfer the total coliform-positive

culture by one of the following methods: remove the membrane containing the total

coliform colonies from the substrate with a sterile forceps and carefully curl and insert

the membrane into a tube of EC medium. (The laboratory may first remove a small

portion of selected colonies for verification); swab the entire membrane filter surface

with a sterile cotton swab and transfer the inoculum to EC medium (do not leave the

cotton swab in the EC medium); or inoculate individual total coliform-positive

colonies into EC medium. Gently shake the inoculated tubes of EC medium to insure

adequate mixing and incubate in a waterbath at 44.5±0.2° C for 24±2 hours. Gas

production of any amount in the inner fermentation tube of the EC medium indicates a

positive fecal coliform test.

EC medium is described in Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 9221 E.

Suppliers need only determine the presence or absence of fecal coliforms, a

determination of fecal coliform density is not required.

Suppliers shall conduct analysis of E. coli in accordance with one of the following analytical

methods:

EC medium supplemented with 50 mg/L of MUG (final concentration). EC medium

is as described in subsection (e). MUG may be added to EC medium before

autoclaving. EC medium supplemented with 50 mg/L MUG is commercially

available. At least 10 mL of EC medium supplemented with MUG must be used. The

inner inverted fermentation tube may be omitted. The procedure for transferring a

total coliform-positive culture to EC medium supplemented with MUG is as in

subsection (e) for transferring a total coliform-positive culture to EC medium.

Observe fluorescence with an ultraviolet light (366 nm) in the dark after incubating

tube at 44.5±2° C for 24±2 hours; or

Nutrient agar supplemented with 100 mg/L MUG (final concentration). Nutrient

Aagar is described in Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 9221 B, at pages 9-47 to

9-48. This test is used to determine if a total coliform-positive sample, as determined

by the MF technique or any other method in which a membrane filter is used, contains

E. coli. Transfer the membrane filter containing a total coliform colony or colonies to

nutrient agar supplemented with 100 mg/L MUG (final concentration). After

incubating the agar plate at 35° Celsius for 4 hours, observe the colony or colonies

under ultraviolet light (366 nm) in the dark for fluorescence. If fluorescence is

visible, E. coli are present.

Minimal Medium ONPG-MUG (MMO-MUG) Test, as set forth in Section 611.-

Appendix D. (The Autoanalysis Coliert System is a MMO-MUG test.) If the MMO-

MUG test is total coliform positive after a 24-hour incubation, test the medium for

fluorescence with a 366-nm ultraviolet light (preferably with a 6-watt lamp) in the

dark. If fluorescence is observed, the sample is E. coli-positive. If fluorescence is

questionable (cannot be definitively read) after 24 hours incubation, incubate the

culture for an additional four hours (but not to exceed 28 hours total), and again test

the medium for fluorescence. The MMO-MUG test with hepes buffer is the only

approved formulation for the detection of E. coli.

The Colisure Test, from Millipore Corporation, incorporated by reference in Section

611.102.

As an option to the method set forth in subsection (f)(3), a supplier with a total coliform-

positive, MUG-negative, MMO-MUG test may further analyze the culture for the presence of

E. coli by transferring a 0.1 mL, 28-hour MMO-MUG culture to EC medium + MUG with a

pipet. The formulation and incubation conditions of the EC medium + MUG, and observation

of the results are described in subsection (f)(1).

This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.21(f)(8), a central listing of all documents

incorporated by reference into the federal microbiological analytical methods. The

corresponding Illinois incorporatations by reference are located at Section 611.102. This

statement maintains structural parity with U.S. EPA regulations.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.21(f) (19945), as amended at 59 Fed. Reg. 62466

(Dec. 5, 1994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.531 Analytical Requirements

Only the analytical method(s) specified in this Section may be used to demonstrate compliance with the

requirements of Subpart B. Measurements for pH, temperature, turbidity and RDCs must be conducted under

the supervision of a certified operator. Measurements for total coliforms, fecal coliforms and HPC must be

conducted by a laboratory certified by the Agency to do such analysis. The following procedures must be

performed by the following methods, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102:

A supplier shall:

Conduct analysis of pH in accordance with one of the methods listed at Section

611.611; and

Conduct analyses toof total coliforms, fecal coliforms, heterotrophic bacteria, and

turbidity, and temperature in accordance with one of the following methods, and by

using analytical test procedures contained in U.S. EPA Technical Notes, incorporated

by reference in Section 611.102:

Total Coliforms:

BOARD NOTE: The time from sample collection to initiation of analysis

must not exceed 8 hours. The supplier is encouraged but not required to hold

samples below 10° C during transit.

Total coliform fermentation technique: Standard Methods, 18th ed.:

Method 9221 A, B, and C.

BOARD NOTE: Lactose broth, as commercially available, may be

used in lieu of lauryl tryptose broth if the supplier conducts at least

25 parallel tests between this medium and lauryl tryptose broth using

the water normally tested and this comparison demonstrates that the

false-positive rate and false-negative rate for total coliforms, using

lactose broth, is less than 10 percent. If inverted tubes are used to

detect gas production, the media should cover these tubes at least

one-half to two-thirds after the sample is added. No requirement

exists to run the completed phase on 10 percent of all total coliform-

positive confirmed tubes.

ii)

Total coliform membrane filter technique: Standard Methods, 18th

ed.: Method 9222 A, B, and C.

iii)

ONPG-MUG test (also known as the autoanalysis colilert system):

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 9223.

BOARD NOTE: U.S. EPA included the P-A Coliform and Colisure

Tests for testing finished water under the coliform rule, under

Section 611.526, but did not include them for the purposes of the

surface water treatment rule, under this Section, for which

quantitation of total coliforms is necessary. For these reasons, U.S.

EPA included Standard Methods: Method 9221 C for the surface

water treatment rule, but did not include it for the purposes of the

total coliform rule, under Section 611.526.

Fecal Coliforms:

BOARD NOTE: The time from sample collection to initiation of analysis

must not exceed 8 hours. The supplier is encouraged but not required to hold

samples below 10° C during transit.

Fecal coliform MPN procedure: Standard Methods, 18th ed.:

Method 9221 E.

BOARD NOTE: A-1 broth may be held up to three months in a

tightly closed screwcap tube at 4° C (39° F).

ii)

Fecal Coliforms Membrane Filter Procedure: Standard Methods,

18th ed.: Method 9222 D.

Heterotrophic bacteria: Pour plate method: Standard Methods, 18th ed.:

Method 9215 B.

BOARD NOTE: The time from sample collection to initiation of analysis

must not exceed 8 hours. The supplier is encouraged but not required to hold

samples below 10° C during transit.

Turbidity:

Nephelometric method: Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 2130

ii)

Nephelometric method: U.S. EPA Environmental Inorganic

Methods: Method 180.1

ii)

GLI Method 2.

Temperature: Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 2550.

A supplier shall measure residual disinfectant concentrations with one of the following

analytical methods from Standard Methods, 18th ed., and by using analytical test procedures

contained in U.S. EPA Technical Notes, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102:

Free chlorine:

Amperometric Titration: Method 4500-Cl D.

DPD Ferrous Titrimetric: Method 4500-Cl F.

DPD Colimetric: Method 4500-Cl G.

Syringaldazine (FACTS): Method 4500-Cl H.

Total chlorine:

Amperometric Titration: Method 4500-Cl D.

Amperometric Titration (low level measurement): Method 4500-Cl E.

DPD Ferrous Titrimetric: Method 4500-Cl F.

DPD Colimetric: Method 4500-Cl G.

Iodometric Electrode: Method 4500-Cl I.

Chlorine dioxide:

Amperometric Titration: Method 4500-ClO

C or E.

DPD Method: Method 4500-ClO

Ozone: Indigo Method: Method 4500-O

Alternative test methods: The Agency may grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110

that allows a supplier to use alternative chlorine test methods as follows:

DPD colorimetric test kits: Residual disinfectant concentrations for free

chlorine and combined chlorine may also be measured by using DPD

colorimetric test kits.

Continuous monitoring for free and total chlorine: Free and total chlorine

residuals may be measured continuously by adapting a specified chlorine

residual method for use with a continuous monitoring instrument, provided

the chemistry, accuracy, and precision remain the same. Instruments used for

continuous monitoring must be calibrated with a grab sample measurement at

least every five days or as otherwise provided by the Agency.

BOARD NOTE: Suppliers may use a five-tube test or a ten-tube test.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.74(a) (19945), as amended at 59 Fed. Reg. 62470

(Dec. 5, 1994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

SUBPART N: INORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section 611.591

Violation of State MCL

This Section applies to old MCLs that are marked as "additional State requirements" at Section 611.300, and for

which no specific monitoring, reporting or public notice requirements are specified below. If the results of

analysis pursuant to this Part indicates that the level of any contaminant exceeds the old MCL, the CWS supplier

shall:

Report to the Agency within seven days, and initiate three additional analyses at the same

sampling point within one month;

Notify the Agency and give public notice as specified in Subpart T, when the average of four

analyses, rounded to the same number of significant figures as the old MCL for the

contaminant in question, exceeds the old MCL; and,

Monitor, after public notification, at a frequency designated by the Agency, and continue

monitoring until the old MCL has not been exceeded in two consecutive samples, or until a

monitoring schedule as a condition of a variance or enforcement action becomes effective.

BOARD NOTE: This is an additional State requirement.

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.600 Applicability

The following types of suppliers shall conduct monitoring to determine compliance with the old MCLs in

Section 611.300 and the revised MCLs in 611.301, as appropriate, in accordance with this Subpart:

CWS suppliers.

NTNCWS suppliers.

Transient non-CWS suppliers to determine compliance with the nitrate and nitrite MCLs.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23 (preamble) (19945).

Detection limits. The following are detection limits for purposes of this Subpart (MCLs from

Section 611.301 are set forth for information purposes only):

Contaminant

MCL (mg/L, ex-

cept asbestos)

Method

Detection

Limit

(mg/L)

Antimony

0.006

Atomic absorption-furnace technique

0.003

Atomic absorption-furnace technique

(stabilized temperature)

0.0008

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass

spectrometry

0.0004

Atomic absorption-gaseous hydride

technique

0.001

Asbestos

7 MFL

Transmission electron microscopy

0.01 MFL

Barium

Atomic absorption- furnace technique

0.002

Atomic absorption- direct aspiration

technique

0.1

Inductively-coupled plasma arc furnace

0.002

Inductively-coupled plasma

0.001

Beryllium

0.004

Atomic absorption-furnace technique

0.0002

Atomic absorption-furnace technique

(stabilized temperature)

0.00002

Inductively-coupled plasma (using a 2x

preconcentration step; a lower MDL is

possible using 4x preconcentration)

0.0003

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass

spectrometry

0.0003

Cadmium

0.005

Atomic absorption- furnace technique

0.0001

Inductively-coupled plasma

0.001

Chromium

0.1

Atomic absorption- furnace technique

0.001

Inductively-coupled plasma

0.007

Inductively-coupled plasma

0.001

Cyanide

0.2

Distillation, spectrophotometric

(screening method for total cyanides)

0.02

Automated distillation,

spectrophotometric (screening method

for total cyanides)

0.005

Distillation, selective electrode

(screening method for total cyanides)

0.05

Distillation, amenable,

spectrophotometric (for free cyanides)

0.02

Mercury

0.002

Manual cold vapor technique

0.0002

Automated cold vapor technique

0.0002

Nickel

0.1No MCL

Atomic absorption-furnace technique

0.001

Atomic absorption-furnace technique

(stabilized temperature)

0.0006

Inductively-coupled plasma (using a 2x

preconcentration step; a lower MDL is

possible using 4x preconcentration)

0.005

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass

spectrometry

0.0005

Nitrate (as N)

Manual cadmium reduction

0.01

Automated hydrazine reduction

0.01

Automated cadmium reduction

0.05

Ion-selective electrode

Ion chromatography

0.01

Nitrite (as N)

Spectrophotometric

0.01

Automated cadmium reduction

0.05

Manual cadmium reduction

0.01

Ion chromatography

0.004

Selenium

0.05

Atomic absorption- furnace technique

0.002

Atomic absorption- gaseous hydride

technique

0.002

Thallium

0.002

Atomic absorption-furnace technique

0.001

Atomic absorption-furnace technique

(stabilized temperature)

0.0007

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass

spectrometry

0.0003

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23 preamble and paragraph (a)(4)(i) (19945). See

the Board Note at Section 611.301(b) relating to the MCL for nickel.

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.601 Monitoring Frequency

Monitoring shall be conducted as follows:

Required sampling.

Each supplier shall take a minimum of one sample at each sampling point at the times

required by Section 611.610 beginning in the initial compliance period.

Each sampling point must produce samples that are representative of the water from

each source after treatment or from each treatment plant, as required by subsection (b)

below. The total number of sampling points must be representative of the water

delivered to users throughout the PWS.

The supplier shall take each sample at the same sampling point unless conditions make

another sampling point more representative of each source or treatment plant and the

Agency has granted a SEP pursuant to subsection (b)(5) below.

Sampling points.

Sampling points for GWSs. Unless otherwise provided by SEP, a GWS supplier shall

take at least one sample from each of the following points: each entry point that is

representative of each well after treatment.

Sampling points for SWSs and mixed systems. Unless otherwise provided by SEP, a

SWS or mixed system supplier shall take at least one sample from each of the

following points:

Each entry point after the application of treatment; or

A point in the distribution system that is representative of each source after

treatment.

If a system draws water from more than one source, and the sources are combined

before distribution, the supplier shall sample at an entry point during periods of

normal operating conditions when water is representative of all sources being used.

Additional sampling points. The Agency shall, by SEP, designate additional sampling

points in the distribution system or at the consumer's tap if it determines that such

samples are necessary to more accurately determine consumer exposure.

Alternative sampling points. The Agency shall, by SEP, approve alternate sampling

points if the supplier demonstrates that the points are more representative than the

generally required point.

This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.23(a)(4), an optional U.S. EPA provision

relating to compositing of samples that U.S. EPA does not require for state programs. This

statement maintains structural consistency with U.S. EPA rules.

The frequency of monitoring for the following contaminants must be in accordance with the

following Sections:

Asbestos: Section 611.602;

Antimony, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide, fluoride, mercury,

nickel, selenium, and thallium: Section 611.603;

Nitrate: Section 611.604; and

Nitrite: Section 611.605.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(a) and (c) (19945).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.606 Confirmation Samples

Where the results of sampling for antimony, asbestos, barium, beryllium, cadmium,

chromium, cyanide, fluoride, mercury, nickel, selenium, or thallium indicate a level in excess

of the MCL, the supplier shall collect one additional sample as soon as possible after the

supplier receives notification of the analytical result (but no later than two weeks after the

initial sample was taken) at the same sampling point.

Where nitrate or nitrite sampling results indicate a level in excess of the MCL, the supplier

shall take a confirmation sample within 24 hours after the supplier's receipt of notification of

the analytical results of the first sample.

Suppliers unable to comply with the 24-hour sampling requirement must, based on the

initial sample, notify the persons served in accordance with Section 611.851.

Suppliers exercising this option must take and analyze a confirmation sample within

two weeks of notification of the analytical results of the first sample.

Averaging rules are specified in Section 611.609. The Agency shall delete the original or

confirmation sample if it determines that a sampling error occurred, in which case the

confirmation sample will replace the original sample.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(f) (19945).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.611 Inorganic Analysis

Analytical methods are from documents incorporated by reference in Section 611.102. These are mostly

referenced by a short name defined by Section 611.102(a). Other abbreviations are defined in Section 611.101.

Analysis for the following contaminants must be conducted using the following methods or an

alternative approved pursuant to Section 611.480. Criteria for analyzing arsenic, chromium,

copper, lead, nickel, selenium, sodium, and thallium with digestion or directly without

digestion, and other analytical procedures, are contained in U.S. EPA Technical Notes,

incorporated by reference in Section 611.102. (This document also contains approved

analytical test methods that remain available for compliance monitoring until July 1, 1996.

These methods will not be available for use after July 1, 1996.)

Antimony:

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S. EPA Environmental

Metals Methods: Method 200.8.

Atomic absorption, hydride technique: ASTM Method D3697-92.

Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: U.S. EPA Environmental

Metals Methods: Method 200.9.

Atomic absorption, furnace technique: Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method

3113 B.

Arsenic:

Inductively-coupled Plasma:

U.S. EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3120 B.

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S. EPA Environmental

Metals Methods: Method 200.8.

Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: U.S. EPA Environmental

Metals Methods: Method 200.9.

Atomic Absorption, furnace technique:

ASTM Method D2972-93 C, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3113 B.

Atomic absorption, hydride technique:

ASTM Method D2972-93 B, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3114 B.

Asbestos: Transmission electron microscopy: U.S. EPA Asbestos Methods-100.1 and

U.S. EPA Asbestos Methods-100.2.

Barium:

Inductively-coupled plasma:

U.S. EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3120 B.

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S. EPA Environmental

Metals Methods: Method 200.8.

Atomic absorption, direct aspiration technique: Standard Methods, 18th ed.:

Method 3111 D.

Atomic absorption, furnace technique: Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method

3113 B.

Beryllium:

Inductively-coupled plasma:

U.S. EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3120 B.

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S. EPA Environmental

Metals Methods: Method 200.8.

Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: U.S. EPA Environmental

Metals Methods: Method 200.9.

Atomic absorption, furnace technique:

ASTM Method D3645-93 B, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3113 B.

Cadmium:

Inductively-coupled plasma arc furnace: U.S. EPA Environmental Metals

Methods: Method 200.7.

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S. EPA Environmental

Metals Methods: Method 200.8.

Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: U.S. EPA Environmental

Metals Methods: Method 200.9.

Atomic absorption, furnace technique: Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method

3113 B.

Chromium:

Inductively-coupled plasma arc furnace:

U.S. EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3120 B.

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S. EPA Environmental

Metals Methods: Method 200.8.

Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: U.S. EPA Environmental

Metals Methods: Method 200.9.

Atomic absorption, furnace technique: Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method

3113 B.

Cyanide:

Manual distillation (Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-CN

C),

followed by spectrophotometric, amenable:

ASTM Method D2036-91 B,

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-CN

Manual distillation (Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-CN

C),

followed by spectrophotometric, manual:

ASTM Method D2036-91 A,

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-CN

E, or

iii)

USGS Methods: Method I-3300-85.

Manual distillation (Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-CN

C),

followed by semiautomated spectrophotometric: U.S. EPA Environmental

Inorganic Methods: Method 335.4.

Selective electrode: Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-CN

Fluoride:

Ion Chromatography:

U.S. EPA Environmental Inorganic Methods: Method 300.0,

ii)

ASTM Method D4327-91, or

iii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4110 B.

Manual distillation, colorimetric SPADNS: Standard Methods, 18th ed.:

Method 4500-F

B and D.

Manual electrode:

ASTM Method D1179-93B, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-F

Automated electrode: Technicon Methods: Method 380-75WE.

Automated alizarin:

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-F

E, or

ii)

Technicon Methods: Method 129-71W.

10)

Mercury:

Manual cold vapor technique:

U.S. EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 245.1,

ii)

ASTM Method D3223-91, or

iii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3112 B.

Automated cold vapor technique: U.S. EPA Inorganic Methods: Method

245.2.

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S. EPA Environmental

Metals Methods: Method 200.8.

11)

Nickel:

Inductively-coupled plasma:

U.S. EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3120 B.

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S. EPA Environmental

Metals Methods: Method 200.8.

Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: U.S. EPA Environmental

Metals Methods: Method 200.9;

Atomic absorption, direct aspiration technique: Standard Methods, 18th ed.:

Method 3111 B;

Atomic absorption, furnace technique: Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method

3113 B;

12)

Nitrate:

Ion chromatography:

U.S. EPA Environmental Inorganic Methods: Method 300.0,

ii)

ASTM Method D4327-91,

iii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4110 B, or

iv)

Waters Test Method B-1011, available from Millipore Corporation.

Automated cadmium reduction:

U.S. EPA Environmental Inorganic Methods: Method 353.2,

ii)

ASTM Method D3867-90 A, or

iii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-NO

Ion selective electrode:

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-NO

D, or

ii)

Technical Bulletin 601.

Manual cadmium reduction:

ASTM Method D3867-90 B, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-NO

13)

Nitrite:

Ion chromatography:

U.S. EPA Environmental Inorganic Methods: Method 300.0,

ii)

ASTM Method D4327-91,

iii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4110 B, or

iv)

Waters Test Method Method B-1011, available from Millipore

Corporation.

Automated cadmium reduction:

U.S. EPA Environmental Inorganic Methods: Method 353.2,

ii)

ASTM Method D3867-90 A, or

iii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-NO

Manual cadmium reduction:

ASTM Method D3867-90 B, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-NO

Spectrophotometric: Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-NO

14)

Selenium:

Atomic absorption, hydride:

ASTM Method D3859-93 A, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3114 B.

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S. EPA Environmental

Metals Methods: Method 200.8.

Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: U.S. EPA Environmental

Metals Methods: Method 200.9.

Atomic absorption, furnace technique:

ASTM Method D3859-93 B, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3113 B.

15)

Thallium:

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S. EPA Environmental

Metals Methods: Method 200.8.

Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: U.S. EPA Environmental

Metals Methods: Method 200.9.

16)

Lead:

Atomic absorption, furnace technique:

ASTM Method D3559-90 D, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3113 B.

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S. EPA Environmental

Metals Methods: Method 200.8.

Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: U.S. EPA Environmental

Metals Methods: Method 200.9.

17)

Copper:

Atomic absorption, furnace technique:

ASTM Method D1688-90 C, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3113 B.

Atomic absorption, direct aspiration:

ASTM Method D1688-90 A, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3111 B.

Inductively-coupled plasma:

U.S. EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3120 B.

Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S. EPA Environmental

Metals Methods: Method 200.8.

Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: U.S. EPA Environmental

Metals Methods: Method 200.9.

18)

pH:

Electrometric:

U.S. EPA Inorganic Methods: Method 150.1,

ii)

ASTM Method D1293-84, or

iii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-H

U.S. EPA Inorganic Methods: Method 150.2.

19)

Conductivity: Conductance:

ASTM Method D1125-91 A, or

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 2510 B.

20)

Calcium:

EDTA titrimetric:

ASTM Method D511-93 A, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3500-Ca D.

Atomic absorption, direct aspiration:

ASTM Method D511-93 B, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3111 B.

Inductively-coupled plasma:

U.S. EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3120 B.

21)

Alkalinity:

Titrimetric:

ASTM Method D1067-92 B, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 2320 B.

Electrometric titration: USGS Methods: Method I-1030-85.

22)

Orthophosphate (unfiltered, without digestion or hydrolysis):

Automated colorimetric, ascorbic acid:

U.S. EPA Environmental Inorganic Methods: Method 365.1, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-P F.

Single reagent colorimetric, ascorbic acid:

ASTM Method D515-88 A, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-P E.

Colorimetric, phosphomolybdate: USGS Methods: Method I-1601-85.

Colorimetric, phosphomolybdate, automated-segmented flow: USGS

Methods: Method I-2601-90.

Colorimetric, phosphomolybdate, automated discrete: USGS Methods:

Method I-2598-85.

Ion Chromatography:

U.S. EPA Environmental Inorganic Methods: Method 300.0,

ii)

ASTM Method D4327-91, or

iii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4110.

23)

Silica:

Colorimetric, molybdate blue: USGS Methods: Method I-1700-85.

Colorimetric, molybdate blue, automated-segmented flow: USGS Methods:

Method I-2700-85.

Colorimetric: ASTM Method D859-88.

Molybdosilicate: Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-Si D.

Heteropoly blue: Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 4500-Si E.

Automated method for molybdate-reactive silica: Standard Methods, 18th

ed.: Method 4500-Si F.

Inductively-coupled plasma:

U.S. EPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7, or

ii)

Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 3120 B.

24)

Temperature: thermometric: Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method 2550 B.

25)

Sodium:

Inductively-coupled plasma: U.S. EPA Environmental Metals Methods:

Method 200.7.

Atomic absorption, direct aspiration: Standard Methods, 18th ed.: Method

3111 B.

Sample collection for antimony, asbestos, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide,

fluoride, mercury, nickel, nitrate, nitrite, selenium, and thallium pursuant to Sections 611.600

through 611.604 must be conducted using the following sample preservation, container and

maximum holding time procedures:

Antimony:

Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot

be used because of shipping restrictions, the sample may initially be

preserved by icing and immediately shipping it to the laboratory. Upon

receipt in the laboratory, the sample must be acidified with concentrated

nitric acid to pH less than 2. At the time of sample analysis, the sample

container must be thoroughly rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must be

added to the sample.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible,

but in any event within 6 months.

Asbestos:

Preservative: Cool to 4° C.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Barium:

Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot

be used because of shipping restrictions, the sample may initially be

preserved by icing and immediately shipping it to the laboratory. Upon

receipt in the laboratory, the sample must be acidified with concentrated

nitric acid to pH less than 2. At the time of sample analysis, the sample

container must be thoroughly rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must be

added to the sample.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible,

but in any event within 6 months.

Beryllium:

Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot

be used because of shipping restrictions, the sample may initially be

preserved by icing and immediately shipping it to the laboratory. Upon

receipt in the laboratory, the sample must be acidified with concentrated

nitric acid to pH less than 2. At the time of sample analysis, the sample

container must be thoroughly rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must be

added to the sample.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible,

but in any event within 6 months.

Cadmium:

Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot

be used because of shipping restrictions, the sample may initially be

preserved by icing and immediately shipping it to the laboratory. Upon

receipt in the laboratory, the sample must be acidified with concentrated

nitric acid to pH less than 2. At the time of sample analysis, the sample

container must be thoroughly rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must be

added to the sample.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible,

but in any event within 6 months.

Chromium:

Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot

be used because of shipping restrictions, the sample may initially be

preserved by icing and immediately shipping it to the laboratory. Upon

receipt in the laboratory, the sample must be acidified with concentrated

nitric acid to pH less than 2. At the time of sample analysis, the sample

container must be thoroughly rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must be

added to the sample.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible,

but in any event within 6 months.

Cyanide:

Preservative: Cool to 4°C. Add sodium hydroxide to pH > 12. See the

analytical methods for information on sample preservation.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible,

but in any event within 14 days.

Fluoride:

Preservative: None.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible,

but in any event within 1 month.

Mercury:

Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot

be used because of shipping restrictions, the sample may initially be

preserved by icing and immediately shipping it to the laboratory. Upon

receipt in the laboratory, the sample must be acidified with concentrated

nitric acid to pH less than 2. At the time of sample analysis, the sample

container must be thoroughly rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must be

added to the sample.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible,

but in any event within 28 days.

10)

Nickel:

Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot

be used because of shipping restrictions, the sample may initially be

preserved by icing and immediately shipping it to the laboratory. Upon

receipt in the laboratory, the sample must be acidified with concentrated

nitric acid to pH less than 2. At the time of sample analysis, the sample

container must be thoroughly rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must be

added to the sample.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible,

but in any event within 6 months.

11)

Nitrate, chlorinated:

Preservative: Cool to 4° C.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible,

but in any event within 28 days.

12)

Nitrate, non-chlorinated:

Preservative: Concentrated sulfuric acid to pH less than 2.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible,

but in any event within 14 days.

13)

Nitrite:

Preservative: Cool to 4° C.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible,

but in any event within 48 hours.

14)

Selenium:

Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot

be used because of shipping restrictions, the sample may initially be

preserved by icing and immediately shipping it to the laboratory. Upon

receipt in the laboratory, the sample must be acidified with concentrated

nitric acid to pH less than 2. At the time of sample analysis, the sample

container must be thoroughly rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must be

added to the sample.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible,

but in any event within 6 months.

15)

Thallium:

Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot

be used because of shipping restrictions, the sample may initially be

preserved by icing and immediately shipping it to the laboratory. Upon

receipt in the laboratory, the sample must be acidified with concentrated

nitric acid to pH less than 2. At the time of sample analysis, the sample

container must be thoroughly rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must be

added to the sample.

Plastic or glass (hard or soft).

Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible,

but in any event within 6 months.

Analyses under this Subpart must be conducted by laboratories that received approval from

U.S. EPA or the Agency. Laboratories may conduct sample analyses for antimony, beryllium,

cyanide, nickel, and thallium under provisional certification granted by the Agency until

January 1, 1996. The Agency shall certify laboratories to conduct analyses for antimony,

asbestos, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide, fluoride, mercury, nickel, nitrate,

nitrite, selenium, and thallium if the laboratory:

Analyzes performance evaluation samples, provided by the Agency pursuant to 35 Ill.

Adm. Code 183.125(c), that include those substances at levels not in excess of levels

expected in drinking water; and

Achieves quantitative results on the analyses within the following acceptance limits:

Antimony: ± 30% at greater than or equal to 0.006 mg/L.

BOARD NOTE: 40 CFR 141.23(k)(3) (1994), as renumbered , actually lists

"6#30" as the acceptance limit for antimony. The Board corrected this to "±

30%" based on the discussion at 57 Fed. Reg. 31801 (July 17, 1992).

Asbestos: 2 standard deviations based on study statistics.

Barium: ± 15% at greater than or equal to 0.15 mg/L.

Beryllium: ± 15% at greater than or equal to 0.001 mg/L.

Cadmium: ± 20% at greater than or equal to 0.002 mg/L.

Chromium: ± 15% at greater than or equal to 0.01 mg/L.

Cyanide: ± 25% at greater than or equal to 0.1 mg/lL.

Fluoride: ± 10% at 1 to 10 mg/L.

Mercury: ± 30% at greater than or equal to 0.0005 mg/L.

Nickel: ± 15 % at greater than or equal to 0.01 mg/L.

Nitrate: ± 10% at greater than or equal to 0.4 mg/L.

Nitrite: ± 15% at greater than or equal to 0.4 mg/L.

Selenium: ± 20% at greater than or equal to 0.01 mg/L.

Thallium: ± 30% at greater than or equal to 0.002 mg/L.

BOARD NOTE: Subsection (e) is derived from the table to 40 CFR

141.23(k)(2) (19945), as renumbered at 59 Fed. Reg. 62466 (Dec. 5, 1994),

and the discussion at 57 Fed. Reg. 31809 (July 17, 1992). Section 611.609 is

derived from 40 CFR 141.23(k) (19945), as amended at 59 Fed. Reg. 62466

(Dec. 5, 1994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.630 Special Monitoring for Sodium

CWS suppliers shall collect and analyze one sample per plant at the entry point of the

distribution system for the determination of sodium concentration levels; samples must be

collected and analyzed annually for CWSs utilizing surface water sources in whole or in part,

and at least every three years for CWSs utilizing solely groundwater sources. The minimum

number of samples required to be taken by the supplier is based on the number of treatment

plants used by the supplier, except that multiple wells drawing raw water from a single aquifer

may, with the Agency approval, be considered one treatment plant for determining the

minimum number of samples. The Agency shall require the supplier to collect and analyze

water samples for sodium more frequently in locations where the sodium content is variable.

The CWS supplier shall report to the Agency the results of the analyses for sodium within the

first 10 days of the month following the month in which the sample results were received or

within the first 10 days following the end of the required monitoring period as specified by

SEP, whichever of these is first. If more than annual sampling is required, the supplier shall

report the average sodium concentration within 10 days of the month following the month in

which the analytical results of the last sample used for the annual average was received.

The CWS supplier shall notify the Agency and appropriate local public health officials of the

sodium levels by written notice by direct mail within three months. A copy of each notice

required to be provided by this subsection must be sent to the Agency within 10 days of its

issuance.

Analyses for sodium must be conducted as directed in Section 611.611(a).

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.41 (1994), as amended at 59 Fed. Reg.

62470 (Dec. 5, 1994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

SUBPART O: ORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section 611.641 Old MCLs

An analysis of substances for the purpose of determining compliance with the old MCLs of

Section 611.310 must be made as follows:

The Agency shall, by SEP, require CWS suppliers utilizing surface water sources to

collect samples during the period of the year when contamination by pesticides is most

likely to occur. The Agency shall require the supplier to repeat these analyses at least

annually.

The Agency shall, by SEP, require CWS suppliers utilizing only groundwater sources

to collect samples at least once every three years.

If the result of an analysis made pursuant to subsection (a) indicates that the level of any

contaminant exceeds its old MCL, the CWS supplier shall report to the Agency within 7 days

and initiate three additional analyses within one month.

When the average of four analyses made pursuant to subsection (a), rounded to the same

number of significant figures as the MCL for the substance in question, exceeds the old MCL,

the CWS supplier shall report to the Agency and give notice to the public pursuant to Subpart

T. Monitoring after public notification must be at a frequency designated by the Agency and

must continue until the MCL has not been exceeded in two successive samples or until a

monitoring schedule as a condition to a variance, adjusted standard or enforcement action

becomes effective.

Analysis made to determine compliance with the old MCLs of Section 611.310 must be made

in accordance with the appropriate methods specified in Section 611.648(l)5.

BOARD NOTE: This provision now applies only to state-only MCLs. It was formerly derived

from 40 CFR 141.24(a) through (e), which U.S. EPA removed and reserved at 59 Fed. Reg.

34323 (July 1, 1994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.645 Analytical Methods for Organic Chemical Contaminants

Analysis for the Section 611.311(a) VOCs under Section 611.646,; the Section 611.311(c) SOCs under Section

611.648,; and the Section 611.310 old organic MCLs under Section 611.641; and for THMs, TTHMs, and

TTHM potential shall be conducted using the methods listed in this Section or by equivalent methods as

approved by the Agency pursuant to Section 611.480. All methods are from U.S. EPA Organic Methods unless

otherwise indicated.

Volatile Organic Chemical Contaminants (VOCs):

Contaminant

Analytical Methods

Benzene

502.2, 524.2

Carbon tetrachloride

502.2, 524.2, 551

Chlorobenzene

502.2, 524.2

1,2-Dichlorobenzene

502.2, 524.2

1,4-Dichlorobenzene

502.2, 524.2

1,2-Dichloroethane

502.2, 524.2

cis-Dichloroethylene

502.2, 524.2

trans-Dichloroethylene

502.2, 524.2

Dichloromethane

502.2, 524.2

1,2-Dichloropropane

502.2, 524.2

Ethylbenzene

502.2, 524.2

Styrene

502.2, 524.2

Tetrachloroethylene

502.2, 524.2, 551

1,1,1-Trichloroethane

502.2, 524.2, 551

Trichloroethylene

502.2, 524.2, 551

Toluene

502.2, 524.2

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene

502.2, 524.2

1,1-Dichloroethylene

502.2, 524.2

1,1,2-Trichloroethane

502.2, 524.2

Vinyl chloride

502.2, 524.2

Xylenes (total)

502.2, 524.2

Synthetic Organic Chemical Contaminants (SOCs):

Contaminant

Analytical Methods

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD or dioxin)

Dioxin and Furan Method

1613

2,4-D

515.1, 515.2, 555

2,4,5-TP (Silvex)

515.1, 515.2, 555

Alachlor

505*, 507, 508.1, 525.2

Atrazine

505*, 507, 508.1, 525.2

Benzo(a)pyrene

525.2, 550, 550.1

Carbofuran

531.1, Standard Methods, 18th

ed.: Method 6610

Chlordane

505, 508, 508.1, 525.2

Dalapon

515.1, 552.1

Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate

506, 525.2

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate

506, 525.2

Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)

504.1, 551

Dinoseb

515.1, 515.2, 555

Diquat

549.1

Endothall

548.1

Endrin

505, 508, 508.1, 525.2

Ethylene Dibromide (EDB)

504.1, 551

Glyphosate

547, Standard Methods, 18th

ed.: Method 6651

Heptachlor

505, 508, 508.1, 525.2

Heptachlor Epoxide

505, 508, 508.1, 525.2

Hexachlorobenzene

505, 508, 508.1, 525.2

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

505, 508, 508.1, 525.2

Lindane

505, 508, 508.1, 525.2

Methoxychlor

505, 508, 508.1, 525.2

Oxamyl

531.1, Standard Methods, 18th

ed.: Method 6610

PCBs (measured for compliance purposes as decchlorobiphenyl)

508A

PCBs (qualitatively identified as Araclors)

505, 508

Pentachlorophenol

515.1, 515.2, 525.2, 555

Picloram

515.1, 515.2, 555

Simazine

505*, 507, 508.1, 525.2

Toxaphene

505, 508, 525.2

Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs):

Contaminant

Analytical Methods

Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs), Trihalomethanes (THMs), and

Maximum Total Trihalomethane Potential

502.2, 524.2, 551

State-Only MCLs (for which a method is not listed above):

Contaminant

Analytical Methods

Aldrin

505, 508, 508.1, 525.2

DDT

505, 508

Dieldrin

505, 508, 508.1, 525.2

* denotes that for the particular contaminant, a nitrogen-phosphorus detector should be substituted for the

electron capture detector in method 505 (or another approved method should be used) to determine alachlor,

atrazine, and simazine if lower detection limits are required.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(e) (19945), as added at 59 Fed. Reg. 62469 (Dec. 5, 1994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.646 Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V Volatile Organic Contaminants

Monitoring of the Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs for the purpose of determining compliance with the

MCL must be conducted as follows:

Definitions. As used in this Section:

"Detect" and "detection" means that the contaminant of interest is present at a level

greater than or equal to the "detection limit".

"Detection limit" means 0.0005 mg/L.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f)(7), (f)(11), (f)(14)(i), and (f)(20)

(1994). This is a "trigger level" for Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs inasmuch as

it prompts further action. The use of the term "detect" in this section is not intended

to include any analytical capability of quantifying lower levels of any contaminant, or

the "method detection limit". Note, however that certain language at the end of

federal paragraph (f)(20) is capable of meaning that the "method detection limit" is

used to derive the "detection limit". The Board has chosen to disregard that language

at the end of paragraph (f)(20) in favor of the more direct language of paragraphs

(f)(7) and (f)(11).

"Method detection limit", as used in subsections (q) and (t) below means the minimum

concentration of a substance that can be measured and reported with 99 percent

confidence that the analyte concentration is greater than zero and is determined from

analysis of a sample in a given matrix containing the analyte.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 136, Appendix B (1994). The method

detection limit is determined by the procedure set forth in 40 CFR 136, Appendix B.

See subsection (t) below.

Required sampling. Each supplier shall take a minimum of one sample at each sampling point

at the times required in subsection (u) below.

Sampling points.

Sampling points for GWSs. Unless otherwise provided by SEP, a GWS supplier shall

take at least one sample from each of the following points: each entry point that is

representative of each well after treatment.

Sampling points for SWSs and mixed systems. Unless otherwise provided by SEP, a

SWS or mixed system supplier shall sample from each of the following points:

Each entry point after treatment; or

Points in the distribution system that are representative of each source.

The supplier shall take each sample at the same sampling point unless the Agency has

granted a SEP that designates another location as more representative of each source,

treatment plant, or within the distribution system.

If a system draws water from more than one source, and the sources are combined

before distribution, the supplier shall sample at an entry point during periods of

normal operating conditions when water is representative of all sources being used.

BOARD NOTE: Subsections (b) and (c) above derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f)(1)

through (f)(3) (1994).

Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier shall take four consecutive quarterly samples for each of the

Phase I VOCs, excluding vinyl chloride, and Phase II VOCs during each compliance period,

beginning in the compliance period starting in the initial compliance period.

Reduction to annual monitoring frequency. If the initial monitoring for the Phase I, Phase II,

and Phase V VOCs as allowed in subsection (r)(1) below has been completed by December 31,

1992, and the supplier did not detect any of the Phase I VOCs, including vinyl chloride, Phase

II, or Phase V VOCs, then the supplier shall take one sample annually beginning in the initial

compliance period.

GWS reduction to triennial monitoring frequency. After a minimum of three years of annual

sampling, GWS suppliers that have not previously detected any of the Phase I VOCs, including

vinyl chloride, Phase II, or Phase V VOCs shall take one sample during each three-year

compliance period.

A CWS or NTNCWS supplier that has completed the initial round of monitoring required by

subsection (d) above and which did not detect any of the Phase I VOCs, including vinyl

chloride, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs may apply to the Agency for a SEP pursuant to Section

611.110 that releases it from the requirements of subsection (e) or (f) above. A supplier that

serves fewer than 3300 service connections may apply to the Agency for a SEP pursuant to

Section 611.110 that releases it from the requirements of subsection (d) above as to 1,2,4-tri-

chlorobenzene.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f)(7) and (f)(10) (1994), and the discussion at

57 Fed. Reg. 31825 (July 17, 1992). Provisions concerning the term of the waiver appear

below in subsections (i) and (j) below. The definition of "detect", parenthetically added to the

federal counterpart paragraph is in subsection (a) above.

Vulnerability Assessment. The Agency shall consider the factors of Section 611.110(e) in

granting a SEP from the requirements of subsections (d), (e), or (f) above sought pursuant to

subsection (g) above.

A SEP issued to a GWS pursuant to subsection (g) above is for a maximum of six years, except

that a SEP as to the subsection (d) above monitoring for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene shall apply

only to the initial round of monitoring. As a condition of a SEP, except as to a SEP from the

initial round of subsection (d) above monitoring for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, the supplier shall,

within 30 months after the beginning of the period for which the waiver was issued, reconfirm

its vulnerability assessment required by subsection (h) above and submitted pursuant to

subsection (g) above, by taking one sample at each sampling point and reapplying for a SEP

pursuant to subsection (g) above. Based on this application, the Agency shall either:

If it determines that the PWS meets the standard of Section 611.610(e), issue a SEP

that reconfirms the prior SEP for the remaining three-year compliance period of the

six-year maximum term; or,

Issue a new SEP requiring the supplier to sample annually.

BOARD NOTE: This provision does not apply to SWSs and mixed systems.

Special considerations for SEPs for SWS and mixed systems.

The Agency must determine that a SWS is not vulnerable before issuing a SEP

pursuant to a SWS supplier. A SEP issued to a SWS or mixed system supplier

pursuant to subsection (g) above is for a maximum of one compliance period; and

The Agency may require, as a condition to a SEP issued to a SWS or mixed supplier,

that the supplier take such samples for Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs at such a

frequency as the Agency determines are necessary, based on the vulnerability

assessment.

BOARD NOTE: There is a great degree of similarity between 40 CFR 141.24(f)(7),

the provision applicable to GWSs, and 40 CFR 141.24(f)(10), the provision for SWSs.

The Board has consolidated the common requirements of both paragraphs into

subsection (g) above. Subsection (j) above represents the elements unique to SWSs

and mixed systems, and subsection (i) above relates to GWSs. Although 40 CFR

141.24(f)(7) and (f)(10) are silent as to mixed systems, the Board has included mixed

systems with SWSs because this best follows the federal scheme for all other

contaminants.

If one of the Phase I VOCs, excluding vinyl chloride, Phase II, or Phase V VOCs is detected in

any sample, then:

The supplier shall monitor quarterly for that contaminant at each sampling point that

resulted in a detection.

Annual monitoring.

The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows a

supplier to reduce the monitoring frequency to annual at a sampling point if it

determines that the sampling point is reliably and consistently below the

MCL.

A request for a SEP must include the following minimal information:

For a GWS, two quarterly samples.

ii)

For a SWS or mixed system, four quarterly samples.

In issuing a SEP, the Agency shall specify the level of the contaminant upon

which the "reliably and consistently" determination was based. All SEPs that

allow less frequent monitoring based on an Agency "reliably and consistently"

determination shall include a condition requiring the supplier to resume

quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection (k)(1) above if it violates the

MCL specified by Section 611.311.

Suppliers that monitor annually shall monitor during the quarter(s) that previously

yielded the highest analytical result.

Suppliers that do not detect a contaminant at a sampling point in three consecutive

annual samples may apply to the Agency for a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that

allows it to discontinue monitoring for that contaminant at that point, as specified in

subsection (g) above.

A GWS supplier that has detected one or more of the two-carbon contaminants listed

in subsection (k)(5)(A) below shall monitor quarterly for vinyl chloride as described in

subsection (k)(5)(B) below, subject to the limitation of subsection (k)(5)(C) below.

Two-carbon contaminants (Phase I or II VOC):

1,2-Dichloroethane (Phase I)

1,1-Dichloroethylene (Phase I)

cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (Phase II)

trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene (Phase II)

Tetrachloroethylene (Phase II)

1,1,1-Trichloroethylene (Phase I)

Trichloroethylene (Phase I)

The supplier shall sample quarterly for vinyl chloride at each sampling point

at which it detected one or more of the two-carbon contaminants listed in

subsection (k)(5)(A) above.

The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows the

supplier to reduce the monitoring frequency for vinyl chloride at any

sampling point to once in each three-year compliance period if it determines

that the supplier has not detected vinyl chloride in the first sample required by

subsection (k)(5)(B) above.

Quarterly monitoring following MCL violations.

Suppliers that violate an MCL for one of the Phase I VOCs, including vinyl chloride,

Phase II, or Phase V VOCs, as determined by subsection (o) below, shall monitor

quarterly for that contaminant, at the sampling point where the violation occurred,

beginning the next quarter after the violation.

Annual monitoring.

The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows a

supplier to reduce the monitoring frequency to annually if it determines that

the sampling point is reliably and consistently below the MCL.

A request for a SEP must include the following minimal information: four

quarterly samples.

In issuing a SEP, the Agency shall specify the level of the contaminant upon

which the "reliably and consistently" determination was based. All SEPs that

allow less frequent monitoring based on an Agency "reliably and consistently"

determination shall include a condition requiring the supplier to resume

quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection (l)(1) above if it violates the MCL

specified by Section 611.311.

The supplier shall monitor during the quarter(s) that previously yielded the

highest analytical result.

Confirmation samples. The Agency may issue a SEP pursuant to Section 610.110 to require a

supplier to use a confirmation sample for results that it finds dubious for whatever reason. The

Agency must state its reasons for issuing the SEP if the SEP is Agency-initiated.

If a supplier detects any of the Phase I, Phase II, or Phase V VOCs in a sample, the

supplier shall take a confirmation sample as soon as possible, but no later than 14 days

after the supplier receives notice of the detection.

Averaging is as specified in subsection (o) below.

The Agency shall delete the original or confirmation sample if it determines that a

sampling error occurred, in which case the confirmation sample will replace the

original or confirmation sample.

This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(f)(14), an optional U.S. EPA provision

relating to compositing of samples that U.S. EPA does not require for state programs. This

statement maintains structural consistency with U.S. EPA rules.

Compliance with the MCLs for the Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs must be determined

based on the analytical results obtained at each sampling point.

For suppliers that conduct monitoring at a frequency greater than annual, compliance

is determined by a running annual average of all samples taken at each sampling point.

If the annual average of any sampling point is greater than the MCL, then the

supplier is out of compliance.

If the initial sample or a subsequent sample would cause the annual average to

exceed the MCL, then the supplier is out of compliance immediately.

Any samples below the detection limit shall be deemed as zero for purposes

of determining the annual average.

If monitoring is conducted annually, or less frequently, the supplier is out of

compliance if the level of a contaminant at any sampling point is greater than the

MCL. If a confirmation sample is taken, the determination of compliance is based on

the average of two samples.

When the portion of the distribution system that is out of compliance is separable from

other parts of the distribution system and has no interconnections, the supplier may

issue the public notice required by Subpart T of this Part only to persons served by that

portion of the distribution system that is not in compliance.

This provision corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(f)(16) (1994), which U.S. EPA removed and

reserved at 59 Fed. Reg. 62468 (Dec. 5, 1994). This statement maintains structural

consistency with the federal regulations.

Analysis under this Section must only be conducted by laboratories that have received

certification by U.S. EPA or the Agency according to the following conditions:

To receive certification to conduct analyses for the Phase I VOCs, excluding vinyl

chloride, Phase II VOCs, and Phase V VOCs, the laboratory must:

Analyze performance evaluation samples that include these substances

provided by the Agency pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 183.125(c);

Achieve the quantitative acceptance limits under subsections (q)(1)(C) and

(q)(1)(D) below for at least 80 percent of the Phase I VOCs, excluding vinyl

chloride, Phase II VOCs, except vinyl chloride, or Phase V VOCs;

Achieve quantitative results on the analyses performed under subsection

(q)(1)(A) above that are within ± 20 percent of the actual amount of the

substances in the performance evaluation sample when the actual amount is

greater than or equal to 0.010 mg/L;

Achieve quantitative results on the analyses performed under subsection

(q)(1)(A) above that are within ± 40 percent of the actual amount of the

substances in the performance evaluation sample when the actual amount is

less than 0.010 mg/L; and

Achieve a method detection limit of 0.0005 mg/L, according to the

procedures in 40 CFR 136, appendix B, incorporated by reference in Section

611.102.

To receive certification to conduct analyses for vinyl chloride the laboratory must:

Analyze performance evaluation samples provided by the Agency pursuant to

35 Ill. Adm. Code 183.125(c);

Achieve quantitative results on the analyses performed under subsection

(q)(2)(A) above that are within ± 40 percent of the actual amount of vinyl

chloride in the performance evaluation sample;

Achieve a method detection limit of 0.0005 mg/L, according to the

procedures in 40 CFR 136, appendix B, incorporated by reference in Section

611.102; and

Obtain certification pursuant to subsection (q)(1) above for Phase I VOCs,

excluding vinyl chloride, Phase II VOCs, and Phase V VOCs.

Use of existing data.

The Agency shall allow the use of data collected after January 1, 1988 but prior to the

effective date of this Section, pursuant to Agency sample request letters, if it

determines that the data are generally consistent with the requirements of this Section.

The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows a supplier to

monitor annually beginning in the initial compliance period if it determines that the

supplier did not detect any Phase I, Phase II, or Phase V VOC using existing data

allowed pursuant to subsection (r)(1) above.

The Agency shall, by SEP, increase the number of sampling points or the frequency of

monitoring if it determines that it is necessary to detect variations within the PWS.

Each laboratory certified for the analysis of Phase I, Phase II, or Phase V VOCs pursuant to

subsection (q)(1) or (q)(2) above shall:

Determine the method detection limit (MDL), as defined in 40 CFR 136, Appendix B,

incorporated by reference in Section 611.102, at which it is capable of detecting the

Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs; and,

Achieve an MDL for each Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOC that is less than or

equal to 0.0005 mg/L.

Each supplier shall monitor, within each compliance period, at the time designated by the

Agency by SEP pursuant to Section 611.110.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f) (1994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.648 Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V Synthetic Organic Contaminants

Analysis of the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs for the purposes of determining compliance with the

MCL must be conducted as follows:

Definitions. As used in this Section:

"Detect or detection" means that the contaminant of interest is present at a level

greater than or equal to the "detection limit".

"Detection limit" means the level of the contaminant of interest that is specified in

subsection (r) below.

BOARD NOTE: This is a "trigger level" for Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs

inasmuch as it prompts further action. The use of the term "detect" or "detection" in

this section is not intended to include any analytical capability of quantifying lower

levels of any contaminant, or the "method detection limit".

Required sampling. Each supplier shall take a minimum of one sample at each sampling point

at the times required in subsection (q) below.

BOARD NOTE: U.S. EPA stayed the effective date of the MCLs for aldicarb, aldicarb

sulfone, and aldicarb sulfoxide at 57 Fed. Reg. 22178 (May 27, 1991). Section 611.311(c)

includes this stay. However, despite the stay of the effectiveness of the MCLs for these three

SOCs, suppliers must monitor for them.

Sampling points.

Sampling points for GWSs. Unless otherwise provided by SEP, a GWS supplier shall

take at least one sample from each of the following points: each entry point that is

representative of each well after treatment.

Sampling points for SWSs and mixed systems. Unless otherwise provided by SEP, a

SWS or mixed system supplier shall sample from each of the following points:

Each entry point after treatment; or

Points in the distribution system that are representative of each source.

The supplier shall take each sample at the same sampling point unless the Agency has

granted a SEP that designates another location as more representative of each source,

treatment plant, or within the distribution system.

If a system draws water from more than one source, and the sources are combined

before distribution, the supplier shall sample at an entry point during periods of

normal operating conditions when water is representative of all sources being used.

BOARD NOTE: Subsections (b) and (c) above derived from 40 CFR 141.24(h)(1)

through (h)(3) (19945).

Monitoring frequency:

Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier shall take four consecutive quarterly samples for

each of the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs during each compliance period,

beginning in the three-year compliance period starting in the initial compliance period.

Suppliers serving more than 3,300 persons that do not detect a contaminant in the

initial compliance period, shall take a minimum of two quarterly samples in one year

of each subsequent three-year compliance period.

Suppliers serving less than or equal to 3,300 persons that do not detect a contaminant

in the initial compliance period, shall take a minimum of one sample during each

subsequent three-year compliance period.

Reduction to annual monitoring frequency. A CWS or NTNCWS supplier may apply to the

Agency for a SEP that releases it from the requirements of subsection (d) above. A SEP from

the requirement of subsection (d) above shall last for only a single three-year compliance

period.

Vulnerability Assessment. The Agency shall grant a SEP from the requirements of subsection

(d) above based on consideration of the factors set forth at Section 611.110(e).

If one of the Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase V SOCs is detected in any sample, then:

The supplier shall monitor quarterly for the contaminant at each sampling point that

resulted in a detection.

Annual monitoring.

A supplier may request that the Agency grant a SEP pursuant to Section

610.110 that reduces the monitoring frequency to annual.

A request for a SEP must include the following minimal information:

For a GWS, two quarterly samples.

ii)

For a SWS or mixed system, four quarterly samples.

The Agency shall grant a SEP that allows annual monitoring at a sampling

point if it determines that the sampling point is reliably and consistently

below the MCL.

In issuing the SEP, the Agency shall specify the level of the contaminant upon

which the "reliably and consistently" determination was based All SEPs that

allow less frequent monitoring based on an Agency "reliably and consistently"

determination shall include a condition requiring the supplier to resume

quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection (g)(1) above if it detects any

Phase II SOC.

Suppliers that monitor annually shall monitor during the quarter(s) that previously

yielded the highest analytical result.

Suppliers that have three consecutive annual samples with no detection of a

contaminant at a sampling point may apply to the Agency for a SEP with respect to

that point, as specified in subsections (e) and (f) above.

Monitoring for related contaminants.

If monitoring results in detection of one or more of the related contaminants

listed in subsection (g)(5)(B) below, subsequent monitoring shall analyze for

all the related compounds in the respective group.

Related contaminants:

first group:

aldicarb

aldicarb sulfone

aldicarb sulfoxide

ii)

second group:

heptachlor

heptachlor epoxide.

Quarterly monitoring following MCL violations.

Suppliers that violate an MCL for one of the Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase V SOCs, as

determined by subsection (k) below, shall monitor quarterly for that contaminant at the

sampling point where the violation occurred, beginning the next quarter after the

violation.

Annual monitoring.

A supplier may request that the Agency grant a SEP pursuant to Section

611.110 that reduces the monitoring frequency to annual.

A request for a SEP must include, at a minimum, the results from four

quarterly samples.

The Agency shall grant a SEP that allows annual monitoring at a sampling

point if it determines that the sampling point is reliably and consistently

below the MCL.

In issuing the SEP, the Agency shall specify the level of the contaminant upon

which the "reliably and consistently" determination was based. All SEPs that

allow less frequent monitoring based on an Agency "reliably and consistently"

determination shall include a condition requiring the supplier to resume

quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection (h)(1) above if it detects any

Phase II SOC.

The supplier shall monitor during the quarter(s) that previously yielded the

highest analytical result.

Confirmation samples.

If any of the Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase V SOCs are detected in a sample, the

supplier shall take a confirmation sample as soon as possible, but no later than 14 days

after the supplier receives notice of the detection.

Averaging is as specified in subsection (k) below.

The Agency shall delete the original or confirmation sample if it determines that a

sampling error occurred, in which case the confirmation sample will replace the

original or confirmation sample.

This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(h)(10), an optional U.S. EPA provision

relating to compositing of samples that U.S. EPA does not require for state programs. This

statement maintains structural consistency with U.S. EPA rules.

Compliance with the MCLs for the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs shall be determined

based on the analytical results obtained at each sampling point.

For suppliers that are conducting monitoring at a frequency greater than annual,

compliance is determined by a running annual average of all samples taken at each

sampling point.

If the annual average of any sampling point is greater than the MCL, then the

supplier is out of compliance.

If the initial sample or a subsequent sample would cause the annual average to

be exceeded, then the supplier is out of compliance immediately.

Any samples below the detection limit must be calculated as zero for purposes

of determining the annual average.

If monitoring is conducted annually or less frequently, the supplier is out of

compliance if the level of a contaminant at any sampling point is greater than the

MCL. If a confirmation sample is taken, the determination of compliance is based on

the average of two samples.

When the portion of the distribution system that is out of compliance is separable from

other parts of the distribution system and has no interconnections, the supplier may

issue the public notice required by Subpart T of this Part only to persons served by that

portion of the distribution system that is not in compliance.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(h)(11) (19945).

This provision corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(h)(12) (19945), which U.S. EPA removed and

reserved at 59 Fed. Reg. 62468 (Dec. 5, 1994). This statement maintains structural

consistency with the federal regulations.

Analysis for PCBs must be conducted as follows using the methods in Section 611.645:

Each supplier that monitors for PCBs shall analyze each sample using either U.S. EPA

Organic Methods, Method 505 or Method 508.

If PCBs are detected in any sample analyzed using U.S. EPA Organic Methods,

Methods 505 or 508, the supplier shall reanalyze the sample using Method 508A to

quantitate the individual Aroclors (as decachlorobiphenyl).

Compliance with the PCB MCL must be determined based upon the quantitative

results of analyses using U.S. EPA Organic Methods, Method 508A.

Use of existing data.

The Agency shall allow the use of data collected after January 1, 1990 but prior to the

effective date of this Section, pursuant to Agency sample request letters, if it

determines that the data are generally consistent with the requirements of this Section.

The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows a supplier to

monitor annually beginning in the initial compliance period if it determines that the

supplier did not detect any Phase I VOC or Phase II VOC using existing data allowed

pursuant to subsection (n)(1) above.

The Agency shall issue a SEP that increases the number of sampling points or the frequency of

monitoring if it determines that this is necessary to detect variations within the PWS due to

such factors as fluctuations in contaminant concentration due to seasonal use or changes in the

water source.

BOARD NOTE: At 40 CFR 141.24(h)(15), U.S. EPA uses the stated factors as non-limiting

examples of circumstances that make additional monitoring necessary.

This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(h)(16), a U.S. EPA provision that the Board

has not adopted because it reserves enforcement authority to the state and would serve no

useful function as part of the state's rules. This statement maintains structural consistency with

U.S. EPA rules.

Each supplier shall monitor, within each compliance period, at the time designated by the

Agency by SEP pursuant to Section 611.110.

"Detection" means greater than or equal to the following concentrations for each contaminant:

for PCBs (Aroclors):

Aroclor Detection Limit (mg/L)

1016

0.00008

1221

0.02

1232

0.0005

1242

0.0003

1248

0.0001

1254

0.0001

1260

0.0002

for other Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs:

Contaminant

Detection Limit (mg/L)

Alachlor

0.0002

Aldicarb

0.0005

Aldicarb sulfoxide

0.0005

Aldicarb sulfone

0.0008

Atrazine

0.0001

Benzo(a)pyrene

0.00002

Carbofuran

0.0009

Chlordane

0.0002

2,4-D

0.0001

Dalapon

0.001

1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)

0.00002

Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate

0.0006

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate

0.0006

Dinoseb

0.0002

Diquat

0.0004

Endothall

0.009

Endrin

0.00001

Ethylene dibromide (EDB)

0.00001

Glyphosate

0.006

Heptachlor

0.00004

Heptachlor epoxide

0.00002

Hexachlorobenzene

0.0001

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

0.0001

Lindane

0.00002

Methoxychlor

0.0001

Oxamyl

0.002

Picloram

0.0001

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (as

decachlorobiphenyl)

0.0001

Pentachlorophenol

0.00004

Simazine

0.00007

Toxaphene

0.001

2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin)

0.000000005

2,4,5-TP (Silvex)

0.0002

Laboratory Certification.

Analyses under this Section must only be conducted by laboratories that have received

approval by U.S. EPA or the Agency according to the following conditions.

To receive certification to conduct analyses for the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V

SOCs the laboratory must:

Analyze performance evaluation samples provided by the Agency pursuant to

35 Ill. Adm. Code 183.125(c) that include these substances; and

Achieve quantitative results on the analyses performed under subsection

(s)(2)(A) above that are within the acceptance limits set forth in subsection

(s)(2)(C) abovebelow.

Acceptance limits:

SOC

Acceptance Limits

Alachlor

± 45%

Aldicarb

2 standard deviations

Aldicarb sulfone

2 standard deviations

Aldicarb sulfoxide

2 standard deviations

Atrazine

± 45%

Benzo(a)pyrene

2 standard deviations

Carbofuran

± 45%

Chlordane

± 45%

Dalapon

2 standard deviations

Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate

2 standard deviations

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate

2 standard deviations

Dinoseb

2 standard deviations

Diquat

2 standard deviations

Endothall

2 standard deviations

Endrin

± 30%

Glyphosate

2 standard deviations

Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)

± 40%

Ethylene dibromide (EDB)

± 40%

Heptachlor

± 45%

Heptachlor epoxide

± 45%

Hexachlorobenzene

2 standard deviations

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

2 standard deviations

Lindane

± 45%

Methoxychlor

± 45%

Oxamyl

2 standard deviations

PCBs (as Decachlorobiphenyl)

0-200%

Pentachlorophenol

± 50%

Picloram

2 standard deviations

Simazine

2 standard deviations

Toxaphene

± 45%

2,4-D

± 50%

2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin)

2 standard deviations

2,4,5-TP (Silvex)

± 50%

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(h) (19945), as

amended at 59 Fed. Reg. 62468 (Dec. 5, 1994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

SUBPART P: THM MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section 611.683

Reduced Monitoring Frequency

A CWS supplier utilizing only groundwater sources may, by special exception permit

application, seek to have the monitoring frequency required by Section 611.6810(b)(1) reduced

to a minimum of one sample for maximum TTHM potential per year for each treatment plant

used by the supplier, taken at a point in the distribution system reflecting maximum residence

time of the water in the system.

The CWS supplier shall submit to the Agency the results of at least one sample

analyzed for maximum TTHM potential using the procedure specified in Section

611.687. A sample must be analyzed forfrom each treatment plant used by the

supplier, taken at a point in the distribution system reflecting the maximum residence

time of the water in the system.

The Agency shall reduce the supplier's monitoring frequency if it determines that,

based upon the data submitted by the supplier, the supplier has a maximum TTHM

potential of less than 0.10 mg/L and that, based upon an assessment of the local

conditions of the CWS, the CWS is not likely to approach or exceed the MCL for

TTHMs.

The results of all analyses must be reported to the Agency within 30 days of the

supplier's receipt of such results.

All samples collected must be used for determining whether the supplier complies with

the monitoring requirements of Section 611.6810(b), unless the analytical results are

invalidated for technical reasons.

Sampling and analyses must be conducted in accordance with the methods listed in

Section 611.685.

Loss or modification of reduced monitoring frequency.

If the results from any analysis taken by the supplier for maximum TTHM potential

are equal to or greater than 0.10 mg/L, and such results are confirmed by at least one

100

check sample taken promptly after such results are received, the CWS supplier shall

immediately begin monitoring in accordance with the requirements of Section

611.6810(b), and such monitoring must continue for at least one year before the

frequency may be reduced again.

In the event of any significant change to the CWS's raw water or treatment program,

the supplier shall immediately analyze an additional sample for maximum TTHM

potential taken at a point in the distribution system reflecting maximum residence time

of the water in the system.

The Agency shall require increased monitoring frequencies above the minimum where

necessary to detect variation of TTHM levels within the distribution system.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.30 (c) (198994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.684

Averaging

Compliance with Section 611.310(c) is determined based on a running annual average of quarterly samples

collected by the supplier as prescribed in Section 611.6810(b)(1) or (2). If the average of samples covering any

12 month period exceeds the MCL, the CWS supplier shall report to the Agency and notify the public pursuant

to Subpart T. Monitoring after public notification must be at a frequency designated by the Agency and must

continue until a monitoring schedule as a condition to a variance, adjusted standard or enforcement action

becomes effective.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.30(d) (198994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.685 Analytical Methods

Sampling and analyses made pursuant to this Subpart must be conducted by one of the total trihalomethanes

(TTHM) methods as directed in Section 611.645 and in U.S. EPA Technical Notes, incorporated by reference in

Section 611.102. For the methods cited in subsections (a) and (b) above, see 40 CFR 141, subpart C, appendix

C, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102. Samples for TTHM must be dechlorinated upon collection to

prevent further production of Trihalomethanes, according to the procedures described in the methods, except

acidification is not required if only THMs or TTHMs are to be determined. Samples for maximum TTHM

potential must not be dechlorinated or acidified, and should be held for seven days at 25° C (or above) prior to

analysis.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.30(e) (19945), as amended at 59 Fed. Reg. 62469 (Dec. 5, 1994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.687 Sampling for Maximum THM Potential

The water sample for determination of maximum total trihalomethane potential must be taken

from a point in the distribution system that reflects maximum residence time. Procedures for

sample collection and handling are given in the methods.

101

The supplier taking samples shall not add reducing agent to "quench" the chemical reaction

producing THMs at the time of sample collection. The intent is to permit the level of THM

precursors to be depleted and the concentration of THMs to be maximized for the supply being

tested.

Four experimental parameters affecting maximum THM production are pH, temperature,

reaction time, and the presence of a disinfectant residual. The supplier taking the sample shall

deal with these parameters as follows:

Measure the disinfectant residual at the selected sampling point. Proceed only if a

measurable disinfectant residual is present.

Collect triplicate 40 mL water samples at the pH prevailing at the time of sampling,

and prepare a method blank according to the methods.

Seal and store these samples together for seven days at 25° C or above.

After this time period, open one of the sample containers and check for disinfectant

residual. Absence of a disinfectant residual invalidates the sample for further analysis.

Once a disinfectant residual has been demonstrated, open another of the sealed

samples and determine total THM concentration using an approved analytical method.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.30(g) (1995).

(Source: Added at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

SUBPART Q: RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

Section 611.720

Analytical Methods

The methods specified below, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102, are to be used to

determine compliance with Sections 611.330 and 611.331, except in cases where alternative

methods have been approved in accordance with Section 611.480.

Radiochemical Methods;

Standard Methods, 13th Edition:

Gross Alpha and Beta: Method 302;

Total Radium: Method 304;

Radium-226: Method 305;

Strontium-89,90: Method 303;

Tritium: Method 306.

ASTM Methods:

102

Cesium-134: ASTM D-2459;

Uranium: ASTM D-2907.

When the identification and measurement of radionuclides other than those listed in subsection

(a) isare required, the following methods, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102, are to

be used, except in cases where alternative methods have been approved in accordance with

Section 611.480:

"Procedures for Radiochemical Analysis of Nuclear Reactor Aqueous Solutions",

available from NTIS.

HASL Procedure Manual, HASL 300.

For the purpose of monitoring radioactivity concentrations in drinking water, the required

sensitivity of the radioanalysis is defined in terms of a detection limit. The detection limit must

be that concentration which can be counted with a precision of plus or minus 100 percent at the

95 percent confidence level (1.96 sigma where sigma is the standard deviation of the net

counting rate of the sample).

To determine compliance with Section 611.330(a) the detection limit must not exceed

1 pCi/L. To determine compliance with Section 611.330(b) the detection limit must

not exceed 3 pCi/L.

To determine compliance with Section 611.331 the detection limits must not exceed

the concentrations listed in that Section.

To judge compliance with the MCLs listed in Sections 611.330 and 611.331, averages of data

must be used and must be rounded to the same number of significant figures as the MCL for

the substance in question.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.25 (198995).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.731

Gross Alpha

Monitoring requirements for gross alpha particle activity, radium-226 and radium-228 are as follows:

Compliance must be based on the analysis of an annual composite of four consecutive quarterly

samples or the average of the analyses of four samples obtained at quarterly intervals.

A gross alpha particle activity measurement may be substituted for the required

radium-226 and radium-228 analysis;, provided, that, the measured gross alpha

particle activity does not exceed 5 pCi/L at a confidence level of 95 percent (1.65

sigma where sigma is the standard deviation of the net counting rate of the sample).

In localities where radium-228 may be present in drinking water, the Agency may, by

special exception permit, require radium-226 or radium-228 analyses if it determines

that the gross alpha particle activity exceeds 2 pCi/L.

103

When the gross alpha particle activity exceeds 5 pCi/L, the same or an equivalent

sample must be analyzed for radium-226. If the concentration of radium-226 exceeds

3 pCi/L the same or an equivalent sample must be analyzed for radium-228.

See Section 611.100(e).

CWS suppliers shall monitor at least once every four years following the procedure required by

subsection (a). When an annual record taken in conformance with subsection (a) has

established that the average annual concentration is less than half the MCLs established by

Section 611.330, the Agency shall, by special exception permit, substitute analysis of a single

sample for the quarterly sampling procedure required by subsection (a).

The Agency shall, by special exception permit, require more frequent monitoring in

the vicinity of mining or other operations which may contribute alpha particle

radioactivity to either surface or groundwater sources of drinking water.

A CWS supplier shall monitor in conformance with subsection (a) for one year after

the introduction of a new water source. The Agency shall, by special exception

permit, require more frequent monitoring in the event of possible contamination or

when changes in the distribution system or treatment processing occur which may

increase the concentration of radioactivity in finished water.

The Agency shall, by special exception permit, require a CWS supplier using two or

more sources having different concentrations of radioactivity to monitor source water,

in addition to water from a free-flowing tap.

The Agency shall not require monitoring for radium-228 to determine compliance with

Section 611.330 after the initial period;, provided, that the average annual

concentration of radium-228 has been assayed at least once using the quarterly

sampling procedure required by subsection (a).

The Agency shall require the CWS supplier to conduct annual monitoring if the

radium-226 concentration exceeds 3 pCi/L.

If the average annual MCL for gross alpha particle activity or total radium as set forth in

Section 611.330 is exceeded, the CWS supplier shall give notice to the Agency and notify the

public as required by Subpart T. Monitoring at quarterly intervals must be continued until the

annual average concentration no longer exceeds the MCL or until a monitoring schedule as a

condition to a variance, adjusted standard or enforcement action becomes effective.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.26(a) (198995).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.732

Manmade Radioactivity

Monitoring requirements for manmade radioactivity in CWSs are as follows:

CWSs using surface water sources and serving more than 100,000 persons and such other

CWSs as the Agency, by special exception permit, requires must monitor for compliance with

Section 611.331 by analysis of a composite of four consecutive quarterly samples or analysis of

104

four quarterly samples. Compliance with Section 611.331 is assumed without further analysis

if the average annual concentration of gross beta particle activity is less than 50 pCi/L and if

the average annual concentrations of tritium and strontium-90 are less than those listed in

Section 611.331;, provided, that if both radionuclides are present the sum of their annual doses

equivalents to bone marrow must not exceed 4 millirem/year.

If the gross beta particle activity exceeds 50 pCi/L, an analysis of the sample must be

performed to identify the major radioactive constituents present and the appropriate

organ and total body doses must be calculated to determine compliance with Section

611.331.

If the MCLs are exceeded, the Agency shall, by special exception permit, require the

supplier to conduct additional monitoring to determine the concentration of man-made

radioactivity in principal watersheds.

The Agency shall, pursuant to subsection (d), by special exception permit, require

suppliers of water utilizing only groundwater to monitor for man-made radioactivity.

See Section 611.100(e).

CWS suppliers shall monitor at least every four years following the procedure in subsection (a).

The Agency shall, by special exception permit, require any CWS supplier utilizing waters

contaminated by effluents from nuclear facilities to initiate quarterly monitoring for gross beta

particle and iodine-131 radioactivity and annual monitoring for strontium-90 and tritium.

Quarterly monitoring for gross beta particle activity must be based on the analysis of

monthly samples or the analysis of a composite of three monthly samples. If the gross

beta particle activity in a sample exceeds 15 pCi/L, the same or an equivalent sample

must be analyzed for strontium-89 and cesium-134. If the gross beta particle activity

exceeds 50 pCi/L, an analysis of the sample must be performed to identify the major

radioactive constitutents present and the appropriate organ and total body doses must

be calculated to determine compliance with Section 611.331.

For iodine-131, a composite of five consecutive daily samples must be analyzed once

each quarter. The Agency shall, by special exception permit, require more frequent

monitoring when iodine-131 is identified in the finished water.

The Agency shall, by special exception permit, require annual monitoring for

strontium-90 and tritium by means of the analysis of a composite of four consecutive

quarterly samples or analysis of four quarterly samples.

The Agency shall, by special exception permit, allow the substitution of environmental

surveillance data taken in conjunction with a nuclear facility for direct monitoring of

manmade radioactivity by the supplier where the Agency determines such data is

applicable to the CWS.

If the average annual MCL for man-made radioactivity set forth in Section 611.331 is

exceeded, the CWS supplier shall give notice to the Agency and to the public as required by

Subpart T. Monitoring at monthly intervals must be continued until the concentration no

105

longer exceeds the MCL or until a monitoring schedule as a condition to a variance, adjusted

standard or enforcement action becomes effective.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.26(b) (198995).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

SUBPART T: REPORTING, PUBLIC NOTIFICATION AND RECORDKEEPING

Section 611.831

Monthly Operating Report

Within 30 days following the last day of the month, each CWS supplier shall submit a monthly operating report

to the Agency, on forms provided or approved by the Agency.

BOARD NOTE: This is an additional State requirement.

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.840

Reporting

Except where a shorter period is specified in this Part, a supplier shall report to the Agency the

results of any test measurement or analysis required by this Part within the following times,

whichever is shortest:

The first ten days following the month in which the result is received; or

The first ten days following the end of the required monitoring period, as specified by

special exception permit.

Except where a different reporting period is specified in this Part, the supplier shall report to

the Agency within 48 hours: Theany failure to comply with any provision (including failure to

comply with monitoring requirements) inof this Part.

The supplier is not required to report analytical results to the Agency in cases where an Agency

laboratory performs the analysis.

The supplier, within ten days of completion of each public notification required pursuant to

Section 611.851 et seq., shall submit to the Agency a representative copy of each type of notice

distributed, published, posted or made available to the persons served by the supplier or to the

media.

The supplier shall submit to the Agency within the time stated in the request copies of any

records required to be maintained under Section 611.860 or copies of any documents then in

existence which the Agency is entitled to inspect pursuant to the authority of Section 4 of the

Act.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.31 (1989), as amended at 54 Fed. Reg. 27562,

June 29, 1989.

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

106

Section 611.851

Reporting MCL and other Violations

A supplier that fails to comply with an applicable MCL or treatment technique established by this Part or which

fails to comply with the requirements of any schedule prescribed pursuant to a variance or adjusted standard

shall notify persons served by the PWS as follows:

Except as provided in subsection (c), the supplier shall give notice:

By publication in a daily newspaper of general circulation in the area served by the

PWS as soon as possible, but in no case later than 14 days after the violation or

failure. If the area served by a PWS is not served by a daily newspaper of general

circulation, notice must instead be given by publication in a weekly newspaper of

general circulation serving the area; and

By mail delivery (by direct mail or with the water bill), or by hand delivery, not later

than 45 days after the violation or failure. This is not required if the Agency

determines by SEP that the supplier in violation has corrected the violation or failure

within the 45-day period; and

For violations of the MCLs of contaminants that pose an acute risk to human health,

by furnishing a copy of the notice to the radio and television stations serving the area

served by the PWS as soon as possible but in no case later than 72 hours after the

violation. The following violations are acute violations:

Any violations posing an acute risk to human health, as specified in this Part

or as determined by the Agency on a case-by-case basis.

Violation of the MCL for nitrate or nitrite in Section 611.301.

Violation of the MCL for total coliforms, when fecal coliforms or E. coli are

present in the water distribution system, as specified in Section 611.325(b).

Occurrence of a waterborne disease outbreak.

Except as provided in subsection (c), following the initial notice given under subsection (a), the

supplier shall give notice at least once every three months by mail delivery (by direct mail or

with the water bill) or by hand delivery, for as long as the violation or failure exists.

Alternative methods of notice.

In lieu of the requirements of subsections (a) and (b), a CWS supplier in an area that is

not served by a daily or weekly newspaper of general circulation shall give notice by

hand delivery or by continuous posting in conspicuous places within the area served by

the CWS. Notice by hand delivery or posting must begin as soon as possible, but no

later than 72 hours after the violation or failure for acute violations (as defined in

subsection (a)(3)) or 14 days after the violation or failure (for any other violation).

Posting must continue for as long as the violation or failure exists. Notice by hand

delivery must be repeated at least every three months for as long as the violation or

failure exists.

107

In lieu of the requirements of subsections (a) and (b), a non-CWS supplier may give

notice by hand delivery or by continuous posting in conspicuous places within the area

served by the non-CWS. Notice by hand delivery or posting must begin as soon as

possible, but no later than 72 hours after the violation or failure for acute violations (as

defined in subsection (a)(3)), or 14 days after the violation or failure (for any other

violation). Posting must continue for as long as the violation or failure exists. Notice

by hand delivery must be repeated at least every three months for as long as the

violation or failure exists.

Where allowed, pursuant to Section 611.609(d), 611.646(o)(3), 611.647(i), or

611.648(k)(3) because it has a separable system, a supplier may issue public notice

only to persons on that portion of its system that its out of compliance.

BOARD NOTE: Generally derived from 40 CFR 141.32(a) (1993). Subsection (c)(3)

derived from 40 CFR 141.23(i)(4) & 141.24(f)(15)(iii), (g)(9) & (h)(11)(iii) (1993).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.852

Reporting other Violations

A supplier that fails to perform monitoring required by this Part, which fails to comply with a testing procedure

established by this Part, or which is subject to a variance or adjusted standard under Section 611.111, 611.112 or

611.113 shall notify persons served by the PWS as follows:

Except as provided in subsection (c) or (d), the supplier shall give notice, within three months

of the violation or granting of a variance or adjusted standard, by publication in a daily

newspaper of general circulation in the area served by the PWS. If the area served by a PWS

is not served by a daily newspaper of general circulation, notice must instead be given by

publication in a weekly newspaper of general circulation serving the area.

Except as provided in subsection (c) or (d), following the initial notice given under subsection

(a), the supplier shall give notice at least once every three months by mail delivery (by direct

mail or with the water bill) or by hand delivery, for as long as the violation exists. Repeat

notice of the existence of a variance or adjusted standard (Section 611.111 through 611.113)

must be given every three months for as long as the variance or adjusted standard remains in

effect.

Alternative methods of notice.

In lieu of the requirements of subsections (a) and (b), a CWS supplier in an area that is

not served by a daily or weekly newspaper of general circulation shall give notice,

within three months of the violation or granting of the variance or adjusted standard,

by hand delivery or by continuous posting in conspicuous places within the area served

by the CWS. Posting must continue for as long as the violation exists or a variance or

adjusted standard remains in effect. The CWS supplier shall repeat the notice by hand

delivery every three months for as long as the variance or adjusted standard remains in

effect.

In lieu of the requirements of subsections (a) and (b), a non-CWS supplier may give

notice, within three months of the violation or the granting of the variance or adjusted

standard, by hand delivery or by continuous posting in conspicuous places within the

108

area served by the non-CWS. Posting must continue for as long as the violation

exists, or a variance or adjusted standard remains in effect. Notice by hand delivery

must be repeated at least every three months for as long as the violation exists or a

variance or adjusted standard remains in effect.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(b) (19915).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.858 Fluoride Secondary Standard

If a CWS exceeds the secondary standard for fluoride of 2.0 mg/L, as determined by the last single sample taken

in accordance with Section 611.6073, but does not exceed the MCL in Section 611.3001(b), the supplier shall

provide the fluoride notice in Section 611.Appendix A(9) to:

All billing units annually;

All billing units at the time service begins; and

The local public health department.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 143.3 and 143.5 (1994).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.870

List of 36 Contaminants (Repealed)

a) This Section applies to only the contaminants listed in Section 611.650.

b) A CWS or NTNCWS supplier who is required to monitor under Section 611.650 shall send a

copy of the results of such monitoring within 30 days of receipt and any public notice under

subsection (d) to the Agency or, for non-CWSs, Public Health.

c) See Section 611.100(e).

d) The supplier shall notify persons served by the PWS of the availability of the results of

sampling conducted under Section 611.650 by including a notice in the first set of water bills

issued by the supplier after the receipt of the results or written notice within three months. The

notice must identify a person and supply the telephone number to contact for information on

the monitoring results. For surface water systems, public notification is required only after the

first quarter's monitoring and must include a statement that additional monitoring will be

conducted for three more quarters with the results available upon request.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.35 (1989).

(Source: Repealed at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.Appendix A Mandatory Health Effects Information

109

Trichloroethylene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that trichloroethylene is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure. This chemical is a common metal cleaning and dry cleaning fluid.

It generally gets into drinking water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been

shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are

exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals

also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed at lower levels over long

periods of time. U.S. EPA has set forth the enforceable drinking water standard for

trichloroethylene at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse

health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets

this standard is associated with little to none of this risk and should be considered safe.

Carbon tetrachloride. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that carbon tetrachloride is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure. This chemical was once a popular household cleaning fluid. It

generally gets into drinking water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown

to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at

high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may

increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed at lower levels over long periods of

time. U.S. EPA has set the enforceable drinking water standard for carbon tetrachloride at

0.005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which

have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets this standard is

associated with little to none of this risk and should be considered safe.

1,2-Dichloroethane. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that 1,2-dichloroethane is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure. This chemical is used as a cleaning fluid for fats, oils, waxes and

resins. It generally gets into drinking water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has

been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are

exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals

also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed at lower levels over long

periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the enforceable drinking water standard for 1,2-

dichloroethane at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse

health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets

this standard is associated with little to none of this risk and should be considered safe.

Vinyl chloride. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking

water standards and has determined that vinyl chloride is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. This chemical is used in industry and is found in drinking water as a result of the

breakdown of related solvents. The solvents are used as cleaners and degreasers of metals and

generally get into drinking water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been

associated with significantly increased risks of cancer among certain industrial workers who

were exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical during their working careers. This

chemical has also been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals when the animals are

exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause increased risk of cancer

among exposed industrial workers and in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of

cancer in humans who are exposed at lower levels over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set

the enforceable drinking water standard for vinyl chloride at 0.002 parts per million (ppm) to

reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have been observed in

laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets this standard is associated with little to none

of this risk and should be considered safe.

110

Benzene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that benzene is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This chemical is used as a solvent and degreaser of metals. It is also a major component of

gasoline. Drinking water contamination generally results from leaking underground gasoline

and petroleum tanks or improper waste disposal. This chemical has been associated with

significantly increased risks of leukemia among certain industrial workers who were exposed to

relatively large amounts of this chemical during their working careers. This chemical has been

shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals when the animals are exposed at high levels over

their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause increased risk of cancer among exposed industrial

workers and in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are

exposed at lower levels over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the enforceable drinking

water standard for benzene at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or

other adverse health effects which have been observed in humans and laboratory animals.

Drinking water which meets this standard is associated with little to none of this risk and

should be considered safe.

1,1-Dichloroethylene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that 1,1-dichloroethylene is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure. This chemical is used in industry and is found in drinking water as

a result of the breakdown of related solvents. The solvents are used as cleaners and degreasers

of metals and generally get into drinking water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has

been shown to cause liver and kidney damage in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when

the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause adverse

effects in laboratory animals also may cause adverse health effects in humans who are exposed

at lower levels over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the enforceable drinking water

standard for 1,1-dichloroethylene at 0.007 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of these

adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water which

meets this standard is associated with little to none of this risk and should be considered safe.

Para-dichlorobenzene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that para-dichlorobenzene is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure. This chemical is a component of deodorizers, moth balls and

pesticides. It generally gets into drinking water by improper waste disposal. This chemical

has been shown to cause liver and kidney damage in laboratory animals such as rats and mice

when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals which cause

adverse effects in laboratory animals also may cause adverse health effects in humans who are

exposed at lower levels over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the enforceable drinking

water standard for para-dichlorobenzene at 0.075 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of

these adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water

which meets this standard is associated with little to none of this risk and should be considered

safe.

1,1,1-Trichloroethane. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that 1,1,1-trichloroethane is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure. This chemical is used as a cleaner and degreaser of metals. It

generally gets into drinking water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown

to damage the liver, nervous system and circulatory system of laboratory animals such as rats

and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Some industrial

workers who were exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical during their working

careers also suffered damage to the liver, nervous system and circulatory system. Chemicals

111

which cause adverse effects among exposed industrial workers and in laboratory animals also

may cause adverse health effects in humans who are exposed at lower levels over long periods

of time. U.S. EPA has set the enforceable drinking water standard for 1,1,1-trichloroethane at

0.2 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects which

have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets this standard is

associated with little to none of this risk and should be considered safe.

Fluoride. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requires that we send you this notice on

the level of fluoride in your drinking water. The drinking water in your community has a

fluoride concentration of [concentration to be provided by supplier] milligrams per liter

(mg/L).

Federal regulations require that fluoride, which occurs naturally in your water supply, not

exceed a concentration of 4.0 mg/L in drinking water. This is an enforceable standard called a

Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL), and it has been established to protect the public health.

Exposure to drinking water levels above 4.0 mg/L for many years may result in some cases of

crippling skeletal fluorosis, which is a serious bone disorder.

Federal law also requires that we notify you when monitoring indicates that the fluoride in your

drinking water exceeds 2.0 mg/L. This is intended to alert families about dental problems that

might affect children under nine years of age. The fluoride concentration of your water

exceeds this federal guideline.

Fluoride in children's drinking water at levels of approximately 1 mg/L reduces the number of

dental cavities. However, some children exposed to levels of fluoride greater than about 2.0

mg/L may develop dental fluorosis. Dental fluorosis, in its moderate and severe forms, is a

brown staining and/or pitting of the permanent teeth.

Because dental fluorosis occurs only when developing teeth (before they erupt from the gums)

are exposed to elevated fluoride levels, households without children are not expected to be

affected by this level of fluoride. Families with children under the age of nine are encouraged

to seek other sources of drinking water for their children to avoid the possibility of staining and

pitting.

Your water supplier can lower the concentration of fluoride in your water so that you will still

receive the benefits of cavity prevention while the possibility of stained and pitted teeth is

minimized. Removal of fluoride may increase your water costs. Treatment systems are also

commercially available for home use. Information on such systems is available at the address

given below. Low fluoride bottled drinking water that would meet all standards is also

commercially available.

For further information, contact [name of contact person to be provided by supplier] at your

water system.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(e)(9) and 143.5 (19945).

10)

Microbiological contaminants (for use when there is a violation of the treatment technique

requirements for filtration and disinfection in Subpart B of this Part). The United States

Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards and has

determined that the presence of microbiological contaminants are a health concern at certain

levels of exposure. If water is inadequately treated, microbiological contaminants in that water

112

may cause disease. Disease symptoms may include diarrhea, cramps, nausea and possibly

jaundice and any associated headaches and fatigue. These symptoms, however, are not just

associated with disease-causing organisms in drinking water, but also may be caused by a

number of factors other than your drinking water. U.S. EPA has set enforceable requirements

for treating drinking water to reduce the risk of these adverse health effects. Treatment such as

filtering and disinfecting the water removes or destroys microbiological contaminants.

Drinking water which is treated to meet U.S. EPA requirements is associated with little to none

of this risk and should be considered safe.

11)

Total coliforms. (To be used when there is a violation of Section 611.325(a) and not a

violation of Section 611.325(b)). The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that the presence of total coliforms is a

possible health concern. Total coliforms are common in the environment and are generally not

harmful themselves. The presence of these bacteria in drinking water, however, generally is a

result of a problem with water treatment or the pipes which distribute the water and indicates

that the water may be contaminated with organisms that can cause disease. Disease symptoms

may include diarrhea, cramps, nausea and possibly jaundice, and any associated headaches and

fatigue. These symptoms, however, are not just associated with disease-causing organisms in

drinking water, but also may be caused by a number of factors other than your drinking water.

U.S. EPA has set an enforceable drinking water standard for total coliforms to reduce the risk

of these adverse health effects. Under this standard, no more than 5.0 percent of the samples

collected during a month can contain these bacteria, except that systems collecting fewer than

40 samples/month that have one total coliform-positive sample per month are not violating the

standard. Drinking water which meets this standard is usually not associated with a health risk

from disease-causing bacteria and should be considered safe.

12)

Fecal Coliforms/E. coli. (To be used when there is a violation of Section 611.325(b) or both

Section 611.325(a) and (b).) The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)

sets drinking water standards and has determined that the presence of fecal coliforms or E. coli

is a serious health concern. Fecal coliforms and E. coli are generally not harmful themselves,

but their presence in drinking water is serious because they usually are associated with sewage

or animal wastes. The presence of these bacteria in drinking water is generally a result of a

problem with water treatment or the pipes which distribute the water and indicates that the

water may be contaminated with organisms that can cause disease. Disease symptoms may

include diarrhea, cramps, nausea and possibly jaundice, and associated headaches and fatigue.

These symptoms, however, are not just associated with disease-causing organisms in drinking

water, but also may be caused by a number of factors other than your drinking water. U.S.

EPA has set an enforceable drinking water standard for fecal coliforms and E. coli to reduce

the risk of these adverse health effects. Under this standard all drinking water samples must be

free of these bacteria. Drinking water which meets this standard is associated with little or

none of this risk and should be considered safe. State and local health authorities recommend

that consumers take the following precautions: [To be inserted by the public water system,

according to instruction from State or local authorities].

13)

Lead. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that lead is a health concern at certain exposure levels. Materials

that contain lead have frequently been used in the construction of water supply distribution

systems, and plumbing systems in private homes and other buildings. The most commonly

found materials include service lines, pipes, brass and bronze fixtures, and solders and fluxes.

Lead in these materials can contaminate drinking water as a result of the corrosion that takes

place when water comes into contact with those materials. Lead can cause a variety of adverse

113

health effects in humans. At relatively low levels of exposure, these effects may include

interference with red blood cell chemistry, delays in normal physical and mental development

in babies and young children, slight deficits in the attention span, hearing, and learning

abilities of children, and slight increases in the blood pressure of some adults. U.S. EPA's

national primary drinking water regulation requires all public water systems to optimize

corrosion control to minimize lead contamination resulting from the corrosion of plumbing

materials. Public water systems serving 50,000 people or fewer that have lead concentrations

below 15 parts per billion (ppb) in more than 90% of tap water samples (the U.S. EPA "action

level") have optimized their corrosion control treatment. Any water system that exceeds the

action level must also monitor their source water to determine whether treatment to remove

lead in source water is needed. Any water system that continues to exceed the action level

after installation of corrosion control and/or source water treatment must eventually replace all

lead service lines contributing in excess of 15 ppb of lead to drinking water. Any water system

that exceeds the action level must also undertake a public education program to inform

consumers of ways they can reduce their exposure to potentially high levels of lead in drinking

water.

14)

Copper. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that copper is a health concern at certain exposure levels.

Copper, a reddish-brown metal, is often used to plumb residential and commercial structures

that are connected to water distribution systems. Copper contaminating drinking water as a

corrosion by-product occurs as the result of the corrosion of copper pipes that remain in contact

with water for a prolonged period of time. Copper is an essential nutrient, but at high doses it

has been shown to cause stomach and intestinal distress, liver and kidney damage, and anemia.

Persons with Wilson's disease may be at a higher risk of health effects due to copper than the

general public. U.S. EPA's national primary drinking water regulation requires all public

water systems to install optimal corrosion control to minimize copper contamination resulting

from the corrosion of plumbing materials. Public water systems serving 50,000 people or

fewer that have copper concentrations below 1.3 parts per million (ppm) in more than 90% of

tap water samples (the U.S. EPA "action level") are not required to install or improve their

treatment. Any water system that exceeds the action level must also monitor their source water

to determine whether treatment to remove copper in source water is needed.

15)

Asbestos. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that asbestos fibers greater than 10 micrometers in length are a

health concern at certain levels of exposure. Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral. Most

asbestos fibers in drinking water are less than 10 micrometers in length and occur in drinking

water from natural sources and from corroded asbestos-cement pipes in the distribution system.

The major uses of asbestos were in the production of cements, floor tiles, paper products,

paint, and caulking; in transportation-related applications; and in the production of textiles and

plastics. Asbestos was once a popular insulating and fire retardant material. Inhalation studies

have shown that various forms of asbestos have produced lung tumors in laboratory animals.

The available information on the risk of developing gastrointestinal tract cancer associated with

the ingestion of asbestos from drinking water is limited. Ingestion of intermediate-range

chrysolite asbestos fibers greater than 10 micrometers in length is associated with causing

benign tumors in male rats. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may

increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. U.S. EPA

has set the drinking water standard for asbestos at 7 million long fibers per liter to reduce the

potential risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory

animals. Drinking water which meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none

of this risk and should be considered safe with respect to asbestos.

114

16)

Barium. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that barium is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This inorganic chemical occurs naturally in some aquifers that serve as sources of groundwater.

It is also used in oil and gas drilling muds, automotive paints, bricks, tiles, and jet fuels. It

generally gets into drinking water after dissolving from naturally occurring minerals in the

ground. This chemical may damage the heart and vascular system, and is associated with high

blood pressure in laboratory animals such as rats exposed to high levels during their lifetimes.

In humans, U.S. EPA believes that effects from barium on blood pressure should not occur

below 2 parts per million (ppm) in drinking water. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water

standard for barium at 2 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse

health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to

none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to barium.

17)

Cadmium. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking

water standards and has determined that cadmium is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. Food and the smoking of tobacco are common sources of general exposure. This

inorganic metal is a contaminant in the metals used to galvanize pipe. It generally gets into

water by corrosion of galvanized pipes or by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been

shown to damage the kidney in animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at

high levels over their lifetimes. Some industrial workers who were exposed to relatively large

amounts of this chemical during working careers also suffered damage to the kidney. U.S.

EPA has set the drinking water standard for cadmium at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to

protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S.

EPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to

cadmium.

18)

Chromium. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking

water standards and has determined that chromium is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. This inorganic metal occurs naturally in the ground and is often used in the

electroplating of metals. It generally gets into water from runoff from old mining operations

and improper waste disposal from plating operations. This chemical has been shown to

damage the kidney, nervous system, and the circulatory system of laboratory animals such as

rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels. Some humans who were exposed to

high levels of this chemical suffered liver and kidney damage, dermatitis and respiratory

problems. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for chromium at 0.1 parts per million

(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the

U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with

respect to chromium.

19)

Mercury. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that mercury is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This inorganic metal is used in electrical equipment and some water pumps. It usually gets

into water as a result of improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to damage the

kidney of laboratory animals such as rats when the animals are exposed at high levels over their

lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for mercury at 0.002 parts per million

(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the

U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with

respect to mercury.

115

20)

Nitrate. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that nitrate poses an acute health concern at certain levels of

exposure. Nitrate is used in fertilizer and is found in sewage and wastes from human and/or

farm animals and generally gets into drinking water from those activities. Excessive levels of

nitrate in drinking water have caused serious illness and sometimes death in infants under six

months of age. The serious illness in infants is caused because nitrate is converted to nitrite in

the body. Nitrite interferes with the oxygen carrying capacity of the child's blood. This is an

acute disease in that symptoms can develop rapidly in infants. In most cases, health

deteriorates over a period of days. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blueness of the

skin. Clearly, expert medical advice should be sought immediately if these symptoms occur.

The purpose of this notice is to encourage parents and other responsible parties to provide

infants with an alternate source of drinking water. Local and State health authorities are the

best source for information concerning alternate sources of drinking water for infants. U.S.

EPA has set the drinking water standard at 10 parts per million (ppm) for nitrate to protect

against the risk of these adverse effects. U.S. EPA has also set a drinking water standard for

nitrite at 1 ppm. To allow for the fact that the toxicity of nitrate and nitrite are additive. , U.S.

EPA has also established a standard for the sum of nitrate and nitrite at 10 ppm. Drinking

water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to nitrate.

21)

Nitrite. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that nitrite poses an acute health concern at certain levels of

exposure. This inorganic chemical is used in fertilizers and is found in sewage and wastes

from humans and/or farm animals and generally gets into drinking water as a result of those

activities. While excessive levels of nitrite in drinking water have not been observed, other

sources of nitrite have caused serious illness and sometimes death in infants under six months

of age. The serious illness in infants is caused because nitrite interferes with the oxygen

carrying capacity of the child's blood. This is an acute disease in that symptoms can develop

rapidly. However, in most cases, health deteriorates over a period of days. Symptoms include

shortness of breath and blueness of the skin. Clearly, expert medical advice should be sought

immediately if these symptoms occur. The purpose of this notice is to encourage parents and

other responsible parties to provide infants with an alternate source of drinking water. Local

and State health authorities are the best source for information concerning alternate sources of

drinking water for infants. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard at 1 part per million

(ppm) for nitrite to protect against the risk of these adverse effects. U.S. EPA has also set a

drinking water standard for nitrate (converted to nitrite in humans) at 10 ppm and for the sum

of nitrate and nitrite at 10 ppm. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated

with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to nitrite.

22)

Selenium. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that selenium is a health concern at certain high levels of

exposure. Selenium is also an essential nutrient at low levels of exposure. This inorganic

chemical is found naturally in food and soils and is used in electronics, photocopy operations,

the manufacture of glass, chemicals, drugs, and as a fungicide and a feed additive. In humans,

exposure to high levels of selenium over a long period of time has resulted in a number of

adverse health effects, including a loss of feeling and control in the arms and legs. U.S. EPA

has set the drinking water standard for selenium at 0.05 parts per million (ppm) to protect

against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA

standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to

selenium.

116

23)

Acrylamide. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking

water standards and has determined that acrylamide is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. Polymers made from acrylamide are sometimes used to treat water supplies to

remove particulate contaminants. Acrylamide has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory

animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.

Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in

humans who are exposed over long periods of time. Sufficiently large doses of acrylamide are

known to cause neurological injury. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for

acrylamide using a treatment technique to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health

effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. This treatment technique limits the

amount of acrylamide in the polymer and the amount of the polymer which may be added to

drinking water to remove particulates. Drinking water systems which comply with this

treatment technique have little to no risk and are considered safe with respect to acrylamide.

24)

Alachlor. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that alachlor is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This organic chemical is a widely used pesticide. When soil and climatic conditions are

favorable, alachlor may get into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into

groundwater. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats

and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that

cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are

exposed over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for alachlor

at 0.002 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects

which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets this standard is

associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to alachlor.

25)

Aldicarb. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that aldicarb is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

Aldicarb is a widely used pesticide. Under certain soil and climatic conditions (e.g., sandy soil

and high rainfall), aldicarb may leach into groundwater after normal agricultural applications to

crops such as potatoes or peanuts or may enter drinking water supplies as a result of surface

runoff. This chemical has been shown to damage the nervous system in laboratory animals

such as rats and dogs exposed to high levels. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for

aldicarb at 0.003 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of adverse health effects. Drinking

water that meets this standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe

with respect to aldicarb.

26)

Aldicarb sulfoxide. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that aldicarb sulfoxide is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure. Aldicarb is a widely used pesticide. Aldicarb sulfoxide in

groundwater is primarily a breakdown product of aldicarb. Under certain soil and climatic

conditions (e.g., sandy soil and high rainfall), aldicarb sulfoxide may leach into groundwater

after normal agricultural applications to crops such as potatoes or peanuts or may enter

drinking water supplies as a result of surface runoff. This chemical has been shown to damage

the nervous system in laboratory animals such as rats and dogs exposed to high levels. U.S.

EPA has set the drinking water standard for aldicarb sulfoxide at 0.004 parts per million (ppm)

to reduce the risk of adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets this standard is

associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to aldicarb

sulfoxide.

117

27)

Aldicarb sulfone. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that aldicarb sulfone is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure. Aldicarb is a widely used pesticide. Aldicarb sulfone in groundwater is

primarily a breakdown product of aldicarb. Under certain soil and climatic conditions (e.g.,

sandy soil and high rainfall), aldicarb sulfone may leach into groundwater after normal

agricultural applications to crops such as potatoes or peanuts or may enter drinking water

supplies as a result of surface runoff. This chemical has been shown to damage the nervous

system in laboratory animals such as rats and dogs exposed to high levels. U.S. EPA has set

the drinking water standard for aldicarb sulfone at 0.002 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the

risk of adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets this standard is associated with little

to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to aldicarb sulfone.

28)

Atrazine. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that atrazine is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This organic chemical is a herbicide. When soil and climatic conditions are favorable, atrazine

may get into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This

chemical has been shown to affect offspring of rats and the hearts of dogs. U.S. EPA has set

the drinking water standard for atrazine at 0.003 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the

risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is

associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to atrazine.

29)

Carbofuran. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking

water standards and has determined that carbofuran is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. This organic chemical is a pesticide. When soil and climatic conditions are

favorable, carbofuran may get into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by leaching

into groundwater. This chemical has been shown to damage the nervous and reproductive

systems of laboratory animals such as rats and mice exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.

Some humans who were exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical during their

working careers also suffered damage to the nervous system. Effects on the nervous system are

generally rapidly reversible. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for carbofuran at

0.04 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.

Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and is considered safe with respect to carbofuran.

30)

Chlordane. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking

water standards and has determined that chlordane is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. This organic chemical is a pesticide used to control termites. Chlordane is not very

mobile in soils. It usually gets into drinking water after application near water supply intakes

or wells. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and

mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause

cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed

over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for chlordane at

0.002 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which

have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is

associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to chlordane.

31)

Dibromochloropropane (DBCP). The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that DBCP is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical was once a popular pesticide. When soil and

climatic conditions are favorable, DBCP may get into drinking water by runoff into surface

water or by leaching into groundwater. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in

118

laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their

lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of

cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the drinking

water standard for DBCP at 0.0002 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or

other adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water

that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered

safe with respect to DBCP.

32)

o-Dichlorobenzene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that o-dichlorobenzene is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used as a solvent in the production of

pesticides and dyes. It generally gets into water by improper waste disposal. This chemical

has been shown to damage the liver, kidney and the blood cells of laboratory animals such as

rats and mice exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. Some industrial workers who were

exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical during working careers also suffered

damage to the liver, nervous system, and circulatory system. U.S. EPA has set the drinking

water standard for o-dichlorobenzene at 0.6 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk

of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated

with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to o-dichlorobenzene.

33)

cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)

establishes drinking water standards and has determined that cis-1,2-dichloroethylene is a

health concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used as a solvent and

intermediate in chemical production. It generally gets into water by improper waste disposal.

This chemical has been shown to damage the liver, nervous system, and circulatory system of

laboratory animals such as rats and mice when exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.

Some humans who were exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical also suffered

damage to the nervous system. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for

cis-1,2-dichloroethylene at 0.07 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these

adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with

little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to cis-1,2-dichloroethylene.

34)

trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)

establishes drinking water standards and has determined that trans-1,2-dichloroethylene is a

health concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used as a solvent and

intermediate in chemical production. It generally gets into water by improper waste disposal.

This chemical has been shown to damage the liver, nervous system, and the circulatory system

of laboratory animals such as rats and mice when exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.

Some humans who were exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical also suffered

damage to the nervous system. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for

trans-1,2-dichloroethylene at 0.1 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these

adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with

little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to trans-1,2-dichloroethylene.

35)

1,2-Dichloropropane. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that 1,2-dichloropropane is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used as a solvent and pesticide. When soil

and climatic conditions are favorable, 1,2-dichloropropane may get into drinking water by

runoff into surface water or by leaching into groundwater. It may also get into drinking water

through improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory

animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.

119

Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in

humans who are exposed over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water

standard for 1,2-dichloropropane at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer

or other adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking

water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to 1,2-dichloropropane.

36)

2,4-D. This contaminant is subject to an "additional State requirement". The supplier shall

give the following notice if the level exceeds the Section 611.311 MCL. If the level exceeds

the Section 611.310 MCL, but not that of Section 611.311, the supplier shall give a general

notice under Section 611.854.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards

and has determined that 2,4-D is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic

chemical is used as a herbicide and to control algae in reservoirs. When soil and climatic

conditions are favorable, 2,4-D may get into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by

leaching into groundwater. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver and kidney of

laboratory animals such as rats exposed at high levels during their lifetimes. Some humans

who were exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical also suffered damage to the

nervous system. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for 2,4-D at 0.07 parts per

million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that

meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe

with respect to 2,4-D.

37)

Epichlorohydrin. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that epichlorohydrin is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure. Polymers made from epichlorohydrin are sometimes used in the treatment

of water supplies as a flocculent to remove particulates. Epichlorohydrin generally gets into

drinking water by improper use of these polymers. This chemical has been shown to cause

cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels

over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the

risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the

drinking water standard for epichlorohydrin using a treatment technique to reduce the risk of

cancer or other adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. This

treatment technique limits the amount of epichlorohydrin in the polymer and the amount of the

polymer which may be added to drinking water as a flocculent to remove particulates.

Drinking water systems which comply with this treatment technique have little to no risk and

are considered safe with respect to epichlorohydrin.

38)

Ethylbenzene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking

water standards and has determined ethylbenzene is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. This organic chemical is a major component of gasoline. It generally gets into

water by improper waste disposal or leaking gasoline tanks. This chemical has been shown to

damage the kidney, liver, and nervous system of laboratory animals such as rats exposed to

high levels during their lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for

ethylbenzene at 0.7 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health

effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of

this risk and is considered safe with respect to ethylbenzene.

39)

Ethylene dibromide (EDB). The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)

sets drinking water standards and has determined that EDB is a health concern at certain levels

120

of exposure. This organic chemical was once a popular pesticide. When soil and climatic

conditions are favorable, EDB may get into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by

leaching into groundwater. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory

animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.

Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in

humans who are exposed over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water

standard for EDB at 0.00005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other

adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that

meets this standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with

respect to EDB.

40)

Heptachlor. This contaminant is subject to an "additional State requirement". The supplier

shall give the following notice if the level exceeds the Section 611.311 MCL. If the level

exceeds the Section 611.310 MCL, but not that of Section 611.311, the supplier shall give a

general notice under Section 611.854.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards

and has determined that heptachlor is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This

organic chemical was once a popular pesticide. When soil and climatic conditions are

favorable, heptachlor may get into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by leaching

into groundwater. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as

rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that

cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are

exposed over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standards for

heptachlor at 0.0004 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse

health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets this

standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to

heptachlor.

41)

Heptachlor epoxide. This contaminant is subject to an "additional State requirement". The

supplier shall give the following notice if the level exceeds the Section 611.311 MCL. If the

level exceeds the Section 611.310 MCL, but not that of Section 611.311, the supplier shall

give a general notice under Section 611.854.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water standards

and has determined that heptachlor epoxide is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This organic chemical was once a popular pesticide. When soil and climatic conditions are

favorable, heptachlor epoxide may get into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by

leaching into groundwater. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory

animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.

Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in

humans who are exposed over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water

standards for heptachlor epoxide at 0.0002 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer

or other adverse health effects which have been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking

water that meets this standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe

with respect to heptachlor epoxide.

42)

Lindane. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that lindane is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This organic chemical is used as a pesticide. When soil and climatic conditions are favorable,

lindane may get into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into

121

groundwater. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney, nervous system, and

immune system of laboratory animals such as rats, mice and dogs exposed at high levels during

their lifetimes. Some humans who were exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical

also suffered damage to the nervous system and circulatory system. U.S. EPA has established

the drinking water standard for lindane at 0.0002 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the

risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is

associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to lindane.

43)

Methoxychlor. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking

water standards and has determined that methoxychlor is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. This organic chemical is used as a pesticide. When soil and climatic conditions are

favorable, methoxychlor may get into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by

leaching into groundwater. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney,

nervous system, and reproductive system of laboratory animals such as rats exposed at high

levels during their lifetimes. It has also been shown to produce growth retardation in rats.

U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for methoxychlor at 0.04 parts per million (ppm)

to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S.

EPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to

methoxychlor.

44)

Monochlorobenzene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that monochlorobenzene is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used as a solvent. It generally gets into

water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney

and nervous system of laboratory animals such as rats and mice exposed to high levels during

their lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for monochlorobenzene at 0.1

parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking

water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to monochlorobenzene.

45)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

are a health concern at certain levels of exposure. These organic chemicals were once widely

used in electrical transformers and other industrial equipment. They generally get into

drinking water by improper waste disposal or leaking electrical industrial equipment. This

chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the

animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in

laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long

periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for PCBs at 0.0005 parts per

million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have been

observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets this standard is associated with little

to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to PCBs.

46)

Pentachlorophenol. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that pentachlorophenol is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is widely used as a wood preservative,

herbicide, disinfectant, and defoliant. It generally gets into drinking water by runoff into

surface water or leaching into groundwater. This chemical has been shown to produce adverse

reproductive effects and to damage the liver and kidneys of laboratory animals such as rats and

mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Some humans who were

exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical also suffered damage to the liver and

122

kidneys. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and

mice when the animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause

cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed

over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for pentachlorophenol

at 0.001 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of adverse health effects. Drinking water

that meets this standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with

respect to pentachlorophenol.

47)

Styrene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that styrene is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This organic chemical is commonly used to make plastics and is sometimes a component of

resins used for drinking water treatment. Styrene may get into drinking water from improper

waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver and nervous system in

laboratory animals when exposed at high levels during their lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set the

drinking water standard for styrene at 0.1 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of

these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated

with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to styrene.

48)

Tetrachloroethylene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that tetrachloroethylene is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical has been a popular solvent, particularly for

dry cleaning. It generally gets into drinking water by improper waste disposal. This chemical

has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals

are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory

animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of

time. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for tetrachloroethylene at 0.005 parts per

million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have been

observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets this standard is associated with little

to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to tetrachloroethylene.

49)

Toluene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that toluene is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This organic chemical is used as a solvent and in the manufacture of gasoline for airplanes. It

generally gets into water by improper waste disposal or leaking underground storage tanks.

This chemical has been shown to damage the kidney, nervous system, and circulatory system

of laboratory animals such as rats and mice exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. Some

industrial workers who were exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical during

working careers also suffered damage to the liver, kidney and nervous system. U.S. EPA has

set the drinking water standard for toluene at 1 part per million (ppm) to protect against the risk

of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated

with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to toluene.

50)

Toxaphene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking

water standards and has determined that toxaphene is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. This organic chemical was once a pesticide widely used on cotton, corn, soybeans,

pineapples and other crops. When soil and climatic conditions are favorable, toxaphene may

get into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This

chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the

animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in

laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long

periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for toxaphene at 0.003 parts per

123

million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have been

observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets this standard is associated with little

to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to toxaphene.

51)

2,4,5-TP. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that 2,4,5-TP is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This organic chemical is used as a herbicide. When soil and climatic conditions are favorable,

2,4,5-TP may get into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into

groundwater. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver and kidney of laboratory

animals such as rats and dogs exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. Some industrial

workers who were exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical during working careers

also suffered damage to the nervous system. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for

2,4,5-TP at 0.05 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health

effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of

this risk and is considered safe with respect to 2,4,5-TP.

52)

Xylenes. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that xylene is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This

organic chemical is used in the manufacture of gasoline for airplanes and as a solvent for

pesticides, and as a cleaner and degreaser of metals. It usually gets into water by improper

waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney and nervous system

of laboratory animals such as rats and dogs exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. Some

humans who were exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical also suffered damage to

the nervous system. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for xylene at 10 parts per

million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that

meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe

with respect to xylene.

53)

Antimony. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking

water standards and has determined that antimony is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. This inorganic chemical occurs naturally in soils, ground water, and surface water

and is often used in the flame retardant industry. It is also used in ceramics and glass,

batteries, fireworks, and explosives. It may get into drinking water through natural weathering

of rock, industrial production, municipal waste disposal, or manufacturing processes. This

chemical has been shown to decrease longevity, and altered blood levels of cholesterol and

glucose in laboratory animals such as rats exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. U.S.

EPA has set the drinking water standard for antimony at 0.006 parts per million (ppm) to

protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S.

EPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to

antimony.

54)

Beryllium. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking

water standards and has determined that beryllium is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. This inorganic chemical occurs naturally in soils, ground water, and surface water

and is often used in electrical equipment and electrical components. It generally gets into

water from runoff from mining operations, discharge from processing plants, and improper

waste disposal. Beryllium compounds have been associated with damage to the bones and

lungs and induction of cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are

exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. There is limited evidence to suggest that

beryllium may pose a cancer risk via drinking water exposure. Therefore, U.S. EPA based the

health assessment on noncancer effects with and extra uncertainty factor to account for possible

124

carcinogenicity. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk

of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the

drinking water standard for beryllium at 0.004 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the

risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is

associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to beryllium.

55)

Cyanide. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that cyanide is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This inorganic chemical is used in electroplating, steel processing, plastics, synthetic fabrics,

and fertilizer products. It usually gets into water as a result of improper waste disposal. This

chemical has been shown to damage the spleen, brain, and liver of humans fatally poisoned

with cyanide. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for cyanide at 0.2 parts per

million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that

meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe

with respect to cyanide.

56)

Nickel. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that nickel is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This

inorganic chemical occurs naturally in soils, ground water, and surface water and is often used

in electroplating, stainless steel, and alloy products. It generally gets into water from mining

and refining operations. This chemical has been shown to damage the heart and liver in

laboratory animals when the animals are exposed to high levels over their lifetimes. U.S. EPA

has set the drinking water standard at 0.1 parts per million (ppm) for nickel to protect against

the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is

associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to nickel.This

subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.32(e)(56) marked "reserved" by USEPA. This

statement maintains structural consistency with USEPA rules.

57)

Thallium. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that thallium is a health concern at certain high levels of

exposure. This inorganic chemical occurs naturally in soils, ground water, and surface water

and is used in electronics, pharmaceuticals, and the manufacture of glass and alloys. This

chemical has been shown to damage the kidney, liver, brain, and intestines of laboratory

animals when the animals are exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set

the drinking water standard for thallium at 0.002 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the

risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is

associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to thallium.

58)

Benzo(a)pyrene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that benzo(a)pyrene is a health concern at certain

levels of exposure. Cigarette smoke and charbroiled meats are common sources of general

exposure. The major source of benzo(a)pyrene in drinking water is the leaching from coal tar

lining and sealants in water storage tanks. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in

animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high levels. U.S. EPA has set

the drinking water standard for benzo(a)pyrene at 0.0002 parts per million (ppm) to protect

against the risk of cancer. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with

little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to benzo(a)pyrene.

59)

Dalapon. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that dalapon is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This organic chemical is a widely used herbicide. It may get into drinking water after

125

application to control grasses in crops, drainage ditches, and along railroads. This chemical

has been associated with damage to the kidney and liver in laboratory animals when the

animals are exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water

standard for dalapon at 0.2 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse

health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to

none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to dalapon.

60)

Dichloromethane. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that dichloromethane (methylene chloride) is a

health concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is a widely used solvent. It

is used in the manufacture of paint remover, as a metal degreaser, and as an aerosol propellant.

It generally gets into water after improper discharge of waste disposal. This chemical has

been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are

exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory

animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of

time. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for dichloromethane at 0.005 parts per

million (ppm) to protect against the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects. Drinking

water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to dichloromethane.

61)

Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure. Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate is a widely used plasticizer in a variety of

products, including synthetic rubber, food packaging materials, and cosmetics. It may get into

drinking water after improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to damage the

liver and testes in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to

high levels. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate at 0.4

parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of adverse health effects that have been

observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated

with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate.

62)

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)

sets drinking water standards and has determined that di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate is a health

concern at certain levels of exposure. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate is a widely used plasticizer,

which is primarily used in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resins. It may get into

drinking water after improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in

laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high levels during

their lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate at

0.006 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of cancer or other adverse health

effects which have been abserved in laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets the U.S.

EPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to

di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.

63)

Dinoseb. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that dinoseb is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

Dinoseb is a widely used pesticide and generally gets into water after application on orchards,

vineyards, and other crops. This chemical has been shown to damage the thyroid and

reproductive organs in laboratory animals such as rats exposed to high levels. U.S. EPA has

set the drinking water standard for dinoseb at 0.007 parts per million (ppm) to protect against

the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is

associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to dinoseb.

126

64)

Diquat. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that diquat is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This

organic chemical is a herbicide used to control terrestrial and aquatic weeds. It may get into

drinking water by runoff into surface water. This chemical has been shown to damage the

liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract and causes cataract formation in laboratory animals

such as dogs and rats exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set the

drinking water standard for diquat at 0.02 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of

these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated

with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to diquat.

65)

Endothall. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking

water standards and has determined that endothall is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. This organic chemical is a herbicide used to control terrestrial and aquatic weeds. It

may get into drinking water by runoff into surface water. This chemical has been shown to

damage the liver, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive system of laboratory animals

such as rats and mice exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set the

drinking water standard for endothall at 0.1 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk

of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated

with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to endothall.

66)

Endrin. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that endrin is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This

organic chemical is a pesticide no longer registered for use in the United States. However, this

pesticide is persistent in treated soils and accumulates in sediments and aquatic and terrestrial

biota. This chemical has been shown to cause damage to the liver, kidney, and heart in

laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high levels during

their lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for endrin at 0.002 parts per

million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects that have been observed

in laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with

little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to endrin.

67)

Glyphosate. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking

water standards and has determined that glyphosate is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. This organic chemical is a herbicide used to control grasses and weeds. It may get

into drinking water by runoff into surface water. This chemical has been shown to cause

damage to the liver and kidneys in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals

are exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard

for glyphosate at 0.7 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health

effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of

this risk and is considered safe with respect to glyphosate.

68)

Hexachlorobenzene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that hexachlorobenzene is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is produced as an impurity in the

manufacture of certain solvents and pesticides. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer

in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high levels during

their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of

cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. U.S. EPA has set the drinking

water standard for hexachlorobenzene at 0.001 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the

risk of cancer and other adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA

127

standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to hexa-

chlorobenzene.

69)

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)

sets drinking water standards and has determined that hexachlorocyclopentadiene is a health

concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is a used as an intermediate in the

manufacture of pesticides and flame retardants. It may get into water by discharge from

production facilities. This chemical has been shown to damage the kidney and the stomach of

laboratory animals when exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set the

drinking water standard for hexachlorocyclopentadiene at 0.05 parts per million (ppm) to

protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S.

EPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to

hexachlorocyclopentadiene.

70)

Oxamyl. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that oxamyl is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This organic chemical is used as a pesticide for the control of insects and other pests. It may

get into drinking water by runoff into surface water or leaching into ground water. This

chemical has been shown to damage the kidneys of laboratory animals such as rats when

exposed at high levels during their lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for

oxamyl at 0.2 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.

Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and is considered safe with respect to oxamyl.

71)

Picloram. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that picloram is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This organic chemical is used as a pesticide for broadleaf weed control. It may get into

drinking water by runoff into surface water or leaching into groundwater as a result of pesticide

application and improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause damage to

the kidneys and liver in laboratory animals such as rats when the animals are exposed to high

levels during their lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for picloram at 0.5

parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking

water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is

considered safe with respect to picloram.

72)

Simazine. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets drinking water

standards and has determined that simazine is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.

This organic chemical is a herbicide used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. It

may leach into groundwater or run off into surface water after application. This chemical may

cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high

levels during their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may

increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. U.S. EPA

has set the drinking water standard for simazine at 0.004 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the

risk of cancer or adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is

associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to simazine.

73)

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used as a dye carrier and as a precursor in

herbicide manufacture. It generally gets into drinking water by discharges from industrial

activities. This chemical has been shown to cause damage to several organs, including the

128

adrenal glands. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at

0.07 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.

Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk

and is considered safe with respect to 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene.

74)

1,1,2-Trichloroethane. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that 1,1,2-trichloroethane is a health concern at

certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is an intermediate in the production of 1,1-

dichloroethylene. It generally gets into water by industrial discharge of wastes. This chemical

has been shown to damage the kidney and liver of laboratory animals such as rats exposed to

high levels during their lifetimes. U.S. EPA has set the drinking water standard for 1,1,2-tri-

chloroethane at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health

effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S. EPA standard is associated with little to none of

this risk and is considered safe with respect to 1,1,2-trichloroethane.

75)

2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin). The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sets

drinking water standards and has determined that dioxin is a health concern at certain levels of

exposure. This organic chemical is an impurity in the production of some pesticides. It may

get into drinking water by industrial discharge of wastes. This chemical has been shown to

cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high

levels during their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may

increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. U.S. EPA

has set the drinking water standard for dioxin at 0.00000003 parts per million (ppm) to protect

against the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the U.S.

EPA standard is associated with little to none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to

dioxin.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(e) (19945).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.Appendix B

Percent Inactivation of G. Lamblia Cysts

TABLE 1.1

CT-99.9 FOR 99.9 PERCENT INACTIVATION OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA CYSTS

BY FREE CHLORINE AT 0.5 DEGREES C OR LOWER

These CT values achieve greater than a 99.99 percent inactivation of viruses. CT values between the indicated

pH values may be determined by linear interpolation. CT values between the indicated temperatures of different

tables may be determined by linear interpolation. If no interpolation is used, use the CT 99.9 value at the lower

temperature and at the higher pH.

Free Residual

(mg/L) <=£6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.5 <=³9.0

<=£0.41

137

163

195

237

277

329

390

0.6

141

168

200

239

286

342

407

0.8

145

172

205

246

295

354

422

1.0

148

176

210

253

304

365

437

1.2

152

180

215

259

313 2376

451

1.4

155

184

221

266

321

387

464

129

1.6

157

189

226

273

329

397

477

1.8

162

193

231

279

338

407

489

2.0

165

197

236

286

346

417

500

2.2

169

201

242

297

353

426

511

2.4

172

205

247

2968

361

435

522

2.6

175

209

252

304

368

444

533

2.8

178

213

257

310

375

452

543

3.0

181

217

261

316

382

460

552

TABLE 1.2

CT-99.9 FOR 99.9 PERCENT INACTIVATION OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA CYSTS

BY FREE CHLORINE AT 5.0 DEGREES C

These CT values achieve greater than a 99.99 percent inctivation of viruses. CT values between the indicated

pH values may be determined by linear interpolation. CT values between the indicated temperatures of different

tables may be determined by linear interpolation. If no interpolation is used, use the CT 99.9 value at the lower

temperature and at the higher pH.

Free Residual

(mg/L) <=£6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.5 <=³9.0

<=£0.4

117

139

166

198

236

279

0.6

100

120

143

171

204

244

291

0.8

103

122

146

175

210

252

301

1.0

105

125

149

179

216

260

312

1.2

107

127

152

183

221

267

320

1.4

109

130

155

187

227

274

329

1.6

111

132

158

192

232

281

337

1.8

114

135

162

196

238

287

345

2.0

116

138

165

200

243

294

353

2.2

118

140

169

204

248

300

361

2.4

120

143

172

209

253

306

368

2.6

122

146

175

213

258

312

375

2.8

124

148

178

217

263

318

382

3.0

126

151

182

221

268

324

369

TABLE 1.3

CT-99.9 FOR 99.9 PERCENT INACTIVATION OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA CYSTS

BY FREE CHLORINE AT 10.0 DEGREES C

These CT values achieve greater than a 99.99 percent inactivation of viruses. CT values between the indicated

pH values may be determined by linear interpolation. CT values between the indicated temperatures of different

tables may be determined by linear interpolation. If no interpolation is used, use the CT 99.9 value at the lower

temperature and at the higher pH.

Free Residual

(mg/L) <=£6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.5 <=³9.0

<=£0.4

104

125

149

177

209

0.6

107

128

153

183

2108

0.8

110

131

158

189

2206

130

1.0

112

134

162

195

234

1.2

114

137

166

200

240

1.4

116

140

170

206

247

1.6

119

144

174

211

253

1.8

101

122

147

179

215

259

2.0

104

124

150

182

221

265

2.2

105

127

153

186

225

271

2.4

107

129

157

190

230

276

2.6

110

131

160

194

234

281

2.8

111

134

163

197

239

287

3.0

113

137

166

201

243

292

TABLE 1.4

CT-99.9 FOR 99.9 PERCENT INACTIVATION OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA CYSTS

BY FREE CHLORINE AT 15.0 DEGREES C

These CT values achieve greater than a 99.99 percent inactivation of viruses. CT values between the indicated

pH values may be determined by linear interpolation. CT values between the indicated temperatures of different

tables may be determined by linear interpolation. If no interpolation is used, use the CT 99.9 value at the lower

temperature and at the higher pH.

Free Residual

(mg/L) <=£6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.5 <=³9.0

<=£0.4

118

140

0.6

102

122

146

0.8

105

126

151

1.0

108

130

156

1.2

111

134

160

1.4

114

137

165

1.6

116

141

169

1.8

968

119

144

173

2.0

100

122

147

177

2.2

102

124

150

181

2.4

105

127

153

184

2.6

107

129

156

188

2.8

109

132

159

191

3.0

111

134

162

195

TABLE 1.5

CT-99.9 FOR 99.9 PERCENT INACTIVATION OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA CYSTS

BY FREE CHLORINE AT 20 DEGREES C

These CT values achieve greater than a 99.99 percent inactivation of viruses. CT values between the indicated

pH values may be determined by linear interpolation. CT values between the indicated temperatures of different

tables may be determined by linear interpolation. If no interpolation is used, use the CT 99.9 value at the lower

temperature and at the higher pH.

Free Residual

(mg/L) <=£6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.5 <=³9.0

131

<=£0.4

105

0.6

109

0.8

113

1.0

117

1.2

100

120

1.4

103

123

1.6

105

126

1.8

108

129

2.0

110

132

2.2

113

135

2.4

115

138

2.6

117

141

2.8

119

143

3.0

101

122

146

TABLE 1.6

CT-99.9 FOR 99.9 PERCENT INACTIVATION OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA CYSTS

BY FREE CHLORINE AT 25 DEGREES C AND HIGHER

These CT values achieve greater than a 99.99 percent inactivation of viruses. CT values between the indicated

pH values may be determined by linear interpolation. CT values between the indicated temperatures of different

tables may be determined by linear interpolation. If no interpolation is used, use the CT 99.9 value at the lower

temperature and at the higher pH.

Free Residual

(mg/L) <=£6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.5 <=³9.0

<=£0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

TABLE 2.1

CT-99.9 FOR 99.9 PERCENT INACTIVATION OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA CYSTS

BY CHLORINE DIOXIDE AND OZONE

These CT values achieve greater than a 99.99 percent inactivation of viruses. CT values between the indicated

pH values may be determined by linear interpolation. If no interpolation is used, use the CT

99.9

value at the

lower temperature for determining CT

99.9

values between indicated temperatures.

<=£1°C

5°C

10°C

15°C

20°C >25°C

132

Chlorine dioxide

63.

26.

23.

19.

15.

11.

Ozone

2.9

1.9

1.4

0.95

0.72

0.48

TABLE 3.1

CT-99.9 FOR 99.9 PERCENT INACTIVATION OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA CYSTS

BY CHLORAMINES

These values are for pH values of 6 to 9. These CT values may be assumed to achieve greater than a 99.99

percent inactivation of viruses only if chlorine is added and mixed in the water prior to the addition of ammonia.

If this condition is not met, the system must demonstrate, based on on-site studies or other information, as

approved by the Agency, that the system is achieving at least a 99.99 percent inactivation of viruses. CT values

between the indicated temperatures may be determined by linear interpolation. If no interpolation is used, use

the CT

99.9

value at the lower temperature for determining CT

99.9

values between indicated temperatures.

<=£1°C

5°C

10°C

15°C

20°C >³25°C

Chloramines

3800.

2200.

1850.

1500.

1100.

750.

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.74(b) Tables, as adopted at 54 Fed. Reg. 27526, June 29, 1989 1.1

through 3.1 (1995).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

Section 611.Table F

Number of Water Quality Parameter Sampling Sites

System Size

Number of Sites

(Persons Served)

(Standard Monitoring)

(Reduced Monitoring)

more than 100,000

10,001 to 100,000

3,301 to 10,000

501 to 3,300

101 to 500

100 or fewer

BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.87(a)(2) and (e) (1992).

(Source: Amended at 20 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)

133

I, Dorothy M. Gunn, Clerk of the Illinois Pollution Control Board, hereby certify that

the above proposed opinion and order was adopted on the _____ day of ______________,

1996, by a vote of .

__________________________________________

Dorothy M. Gunn, Clerk

Illinois Pollution Control Board