ILLINOIS POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
March 4, 2004
IN THE MATTER OF:
)
)
R04-3
SDWA UPDATE, USEPA AMENDMENTS ) (Identical-in-Substance
(January 1, 2003 though June 30, 2003) ) Rulemaking - Public Water Supply)
Adopted Rule. Final Order.
ORDER OF THE BOARD (by T.E. Johnson):
The Board today adopts amendments to the Illinois regulations that are “identical in
substance” to drinking water regulations adopted by the United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA). The USEPA rules implement Sections 1412(b), 1414(c), 1417(a), and
1445(a) of the federal Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) (42 U.S.C. §§ 300g-1(a), 300g-3(c),
300g-6(a), and 300j-4(a) (1994)). This docket includes federal SDWA amendments that USEPA
adopted in the period January 1, 2003 though June 30, 2003. The substantive amendments
involved in this proceeding update the analytical methods approved for determining
contaminants in drinking water. They also make minor changes to the consumer confidence
report rule.
Sections 7.2 and 17.5 of the Environmental Protection Act (Act) (415 ILCS 5/7.2 and
17.5 (2002)) provide for quick adoption by the Board of regulations that are identical in
substance to federal regulations that USEPA adopts to implement Sections 1412(b), 1414(c),
1417(a), and 1445(a) of the federal SDWA. Section 17.5 also provides that Title VII of the Act
and Section 5 of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) (5 ILCS 100/5-35 and 5-40 (2002)) do
not apply to the Board’s adoption of identical-in-substance regulations. The federal SDWA
regulations are found at 40 C.F.R. 141 through 143.
This order is supported by an opinion that the Board also adopts today. The Board will
cause the adopted amendments to be filed no later than October 23, 2003 and published in the
Illinois Register
.
TITLE 35: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
SUBTITLE F: PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES
CHAPTER I: POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
PART 611
PRIMARY DRINKING WATER STANDARDS
SUBPART A: GENERAL
Section
611.100 Purpose, Scope, and Applicability
611.101 Definitions
611.102 Incorporations by Reference
2
611.103 Severability
611.107 Agency Inspection of PWS Facilities
611.108 Delegation to Local Government
611.109 Enforcement
611.110 Special Exception Permits
611.111 Relief Equivalent to SDWA Section 1415(a) Variances
611.112 Relief Equivalent to SDWA Section 1416 Exemptions
611.113 Alternative Treatment Techniques
611.114 Siting Requirements
611.115 Source Water Quantity
611.120 Effective Dates
611.121 Maximum Contaminant Levels and Finished Water Quality
611.125 Fluoridation Requirement
611.126 Prohibition on Use of Lead
611.130 Special Requirements for Certain Variances and Adjusted Standards
611.131 Relief Equivalent to SDWA Section 1415(e) Small System Variance
611.160 Composite Correction Program
SUBPART B: FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION
Section
611.201 Requiring a Demonstration
611.202 Procedures for Agency Determinations
611.211 Filtration Required
611.212 Groundwater under Direct Influence of Surface Water
611.213 No Method of HPC Analysis
611.220 General Requirements
611.230 Filtration Effective Dates
611.231 Source Water Quality Conditions
611.232 Site-Specific Conditions
611.233 Treatment Technique Violations
611.240 Disinfection
611.241 Unfiltered PWSs
611.242 Filtered PWSs
611.250 Filtration
611.261 Unfiltered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping
611.262 Filtered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping
611.271 Protection during Repair Work
611.272 Disinfection Following Repair
611.276 Recycle Provisions
SUBPART C: USE OF NON-CENTRALIZED TREATMENT DEVICES
Section
611.280 Point-of-Entry Devices
611.290 Use of Point-of-Use Devices or Bottled Water
3
SUBPART D: TREATMENT TECHNIQUES
Section
611.295 General Requirements
611.296 Acrylamide and Epichlorohydrin
611.297 Corrosion Control
SUBPART F: MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS (MCLs) AND
MAXIMUM RESIDUAL DISINFECTANT LEVELS (MRDLs)
Section
611.300 Old MCLs for Inorganic Chemical Contaminants
611.301 Revised MCLs for Inorganic Chemical Contaminants
611.310 Old Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for Organic Chemical Contaminants
611.311 Revised MCLs for Organic Chemical Contaminants
611.312 Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs)
611.313 Maximum Residual Disinfectant Levels (MRDLs)
611.320 Turbidity (Repealed)
611.325 Microbiological Contaminants
611.330 Maximum Contaminant Levels for Radionuclides
611.331 Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity (Repealed)
SUBPART G: LEAD AND COPPER
Section
611.350 General Requirements
611.351 Applicability of Corrosion Control
611.352 Corrosion Control Treatment
611.353 Source Water Treatment
611.354 Lead Service Line Replacement
611.355 Public Education and Supplemental Monitoring
611.356 Tap Water Monitoring for Lead and Copper
611.357 Monitoring for Water Quality Parameters
611.358 Monitoring for Lead and Copper in Source Water
611.359 Analytical Methods
611.360 Reporting
611.361 Recordkeeping
SUBPART I: DISINFECTANT RESIDUALS, DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS,
AND DISINFECTION BYPRODUCT PRECURSORS
Section
611.380 General Requirements
611.381 Analytical Requirements
611.382 Monitoring Requirements
611.383 Compliance Requirements
611.384 Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements
611.385 Treatment Technique for Control of Disinfection Byproduct (DBP) Precursors
4
SUBPART K: GENERAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.480 Alternative Analytical Techniques
611.490 Certified Laboratories
611.491 Laboratory Testing Equipment
611.500 Consecutive PWSs
611.510 Special Monitoring for Unregulated Contaminants (Repealed)
SUBPART L: MICROBIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.521 Routine Coliform Monitoring
611.522 Repeat Coliform Monitoring
611.523 Invalidation of Total Coliform Samples
611.524 Sanitary Surveys
611.525 Fecal Coliform and E. Coli Testing
611.526 Analytical Methodology
611.527 Response to Violation
611.531 Analytical Requirements
611.532 Unfiltered PWSs
611.533 Filtered PWSs
SUBPART M: TURBIDITY MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.560 Turbidity
SUBPART N: INORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.591 Violation of a State MCL
611.592 Frequency of State Monitoring
611.600 Applicability
611.601 Monitoring Frequency
611.602 Asbestos Monitoring Frequency
611.603 Inorganic Monitoring Frequency
611.604 Nitrate Monitoring
611.605 Nitrite Monitoring
611.606 Confirmation Samples
611.607 More Frequent Monitoring and Confirmation Sampling
611.608 Additional Optional Monitoring
611.609 Determining Compliance
611.610 Inorganic Monitoring Times
611.611 Inorganic Analysis
611.612 Monitoring Requirements for Old Inorganic MCLs
5
611.630 Special Monitoring for Sodium
611.631 Special Monitoring for Inorganic Chemicals (Repealed)
SUBPART O: ORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.640 Definitions
611.641 Old MCLs
611.645 Analytical Methods for Organic Chemical Contaminants
611.646 Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V Volatile Organic Contaminants
611.647 Sampling for Phase I Volatile Organic Contaminants (Repealed)
611.648 Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V Synthetic Organic Contaminants
611.650 Monitoring for 36 Contaminants (Repealed)
611.657 Analytical Methods for 36 Contaminants (Repealed)
611.658 Special Monitoring for Organic Chemicals (Repealed)
SUBPART P: THM MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.680 Sampling, Analytical, and other Requirements
611.683 Reduced Monitoring Frequency (Repealed)
611.684 Averaging (Repealed)
611.685 Analytical Methods
611.686 Modification to System (Repealed)
611.687 Sampling for THM Potential (Repealed)
611.688 Applicability Dates (Repealed)
SUBPART Q: RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.720 Analytical Methods
611.731 Gross Alpha
611.732 Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity
611.733 General Monitoring and Compliance Requirements
SUBPART R: ENHANCED FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION: SYSTEMS
THAT SERVE 10,000 OR MORE PEOPLE
Section
611.740 General Requirements
611.741 Standards for Avoiding Filtration
611.742 Disinfection Profiling and Benchmarking
611.743 Filtration
611.744 Filtration Sampling Requirements
611.745 Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements
SUBPART T: REPORTING AND RECORDKEEPING
Section
611.830 Applicability
6
611.831 Monthly Operating Report
611.832 Notice by Agency (Repealed)
611.833 Cross Connection Reporting
611.840 Reporting
611.851 Reporting MCL, MRDL, and other Violations (Repealed)
611.852 Reporting other Violations (Repealed)
611.853 Notice to New Billing Units (Repealed)
611.854 General Content of Public Notice (Repealed)
611.855 Mandatory Health Effects Language (Repealed)
611.856 Fluoride Notice (Repealed)
611.858 Fluoride Secondary Standard (Repealed)
611.860 Record Maintenance
611.870 List of 36 Contaminants (Repealed)
SUBPART U: CONSUMER CONFIDENCE REPORTS
Section
611.881 Purpose and Applicability
611.882 Compliance Dates
611.883 Content of the Reports
611.884 Required Additional Health Information
611.885 Report Delivery and Recordkeeping
SUBPART V: PUBLIC NOTIFICATION OF DRINKING WATER
VIOLATIONS
Section
611.901 General Public Notification Requirements
611.902 Tier 1 Public Notice: Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice
611.903 Tier 2 Public Notice: Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice
611.904 Tier 3 Public Notice: Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice
611.905 Content of the Public Notice
611.906 Notice to New Billing Units or New Customers
611.907 Special Notice of the Availability of Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring
Results
611.908 Special Notice for Exceedence of the Fluoride Secondary Standard
611.909 Special Notice for Nitrate Exceedences above the MCL by a Non-Community
Water System
611.910 Notice by the Agency on Behalf of a PWS
SUBPART X: ENHANCED FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION--SYSTEMS
SERVING FEWER THAN 10,000 PEOPLE
Section
611.950 General Requirements
611.951 Finished Water Reservoirs
611.952 Additional Watershed Control Requirements for Unfiltered Systems
611.953 Disinfection Profile
611.954 Disinfection Benchmark
7
611.955 Combined Filter Effluent Turbidity Limits
611.956 Individual Filter Turbidity Requirements
611.957 Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements
611.Appendix A Regulated Contaminants
611.Appendix B Percent Inactivation of G. Lamblia Cysts
611.Appendix C Common Names of Organic Chemicals
611.Appendix D Defined Substrate Method for the Simultaneous Detection of Total Coliforms
and Eschericia Coli from Drinking Water
611.Appendix E Mandatory Lead Public Education Information for Community Water
Systems
611.Appendix F Mandatory Lead Public Education Information for Non-Transient Non-
Community Water Systems
611.Appendix G NPDWR Violations and Situations Requiring Public Notice
611.Appendix H Standard Health Effects Language for Public Notification
611.Appendix I Acronyms Used in Public Notification Regulation
611.Table A Total Coliform Monitoring Frequency
611.Table B Fecal or Total Coliform Density Measurements
611.Table C Frequency of RDC Measurement
611.Table D Number of Lead and Copper Monitoring Sites
611.Table E Lead and Copper Monitoring Start Dates
611.Table F Number of Water Quality Parameter Sampling Sites
611.Table G Summary of Section 611.357 Monitoring Requirements for Water Quality
Parameters
611.Table Z Federal Effective Dates
AUTHORITY: Implementing Sections 7.2, 17, and 17.5 and authorized by Section 27 of the
Environmental Protection Act [415 ILCS 5/7.2, 17, 17.5, and 27].
SOURCE: Adopted in R88-26 at 14 Ill. Reg. 16517, effective September 20, 1990; amended in
R90-21 at 14 Ill. Reg. 20448, effective December 11, 1990; amended in R90-13 at 15 Ill. Reg. 1562,
effective January 22, 1991; amended in R91-3 at 16 Ill. Reg. 19010, effective December 1, 1992;
amended in R92-3 at 17 Ill. Reg. 7796, effective May 18, 1993; amended in R93-1 at 17 Ill. Reg.
12650, effective July 23, 1993; amended in R94-4 at 18 Ill. Reg. 12291, effective July 28, 1994;
amended in R94-23 at 19 Ill. Reg. 8613, effective June 20, 1995; amended in R95-17 at 20 Ill. Reg.
14493, effective October 22, 1996; amended in R98-2 at 22 Ill. Reg. 5020, effective March 5,
1998; amended in R99-6 at 23 Ill. Reg. 2756, effective February 17, 1999; amended in R99-12 at 23
Ill. Reg. 10348, effective August 11, 1999; amended in R00-8 at 23 Ill. Reg. 14715, effective
December 8, 1999; amended in R00-10 at 24 Ill. Reg. 14226, effective September 11, 2000;
amended in R01-7 at 25 Ill. Reg. 1329, effective January 11, 2001; amended in R01-20 at 25 Ill.
Reg. 13611, effective October 9, 2001; amended in R02-5 at 26 Ill. Reg. 3522, effective
February 22, 2002; amended in R03-4 at 27 Ill. Reg. 1183, effective January 10, 2003; amended
in R03-15 at 27 Ill. Reg. 16447, effective October 10, 2003; amended in R04-3 at 28 Ill. Reg.
________, effective ______________________.
8
SUBPART A: GENERAL
Section 611.101 Definitions
As used in this Part, the following terms have the given meanings:
“Act” means the Environmental Protection Act [415 ILCS 5].
“Agency” means the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency.
BOARD NOTE: The Department of Public Health (Public Health or DPH)
regulates non-community water supplies (“non-CWSs,” including non-transient,
non-community water supplies (“NTNCWSs”) and transient non-community water
supplies (“transient non-CWSs”)). For the purposes of regulation of supplies by
Public Health by reference to this Part, “Agency” will mean the Department of
Public Health.
“Ai” means “inactivation ratio.”
“Approved source of bottled water,” for the purposes of Section 611.130(ed)(4),
means a source of water and the water therefrom, whether it be from a spring,
artesian well, drilled well, municipal water supply, or any other source, that has been
inspected and the water sampled, analyzed, and found to be a safe and sanitary
quality according to applicable laws and regulations of State and local government
agencies having jurisdiction, as evidenced by the presence in the plant of current
certificates or notations of approval from each government agency or agencies
having jurisdiction over the source, the water it bottles, and the distribution of the
water in commerce.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.62(g)(2) and 21 CFR 129.3(a) (2002)
(2003). The Board cannot compile an exhaustive listing of all federal, State, and
local laws to which bottled water and bottling water may be subjected. However, the
statutes and regulations of which the Board is aware are the following: the Illinois
Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act [410 ILCS 620], the Bottled Water Act [815 ILCS
310], the DPH Water Well Construction Code (77 Ill. Adm. Code 920), the DPH
Water Well Pump Installation Code (77 Ill. Adm. Code 925), the federal bottled
water quality standards (21 CFR 103.35), the federal drinking water processing and
bottling standards (21 CFR 129), the federal Current Good Manufacturing Practice in
Manufacturing, Packing, or Holding Human Food (21 CFR 110), the federal Fair
Packaging and Labeling Act (15 USC 1451 et seq.), and the federal Fair Packaging
and Labeling regulations (21 CFR 201).
“Best available technology” or “BAT” means the best technology, treatment
techniques, or other means that USEPA has found are available for the contaminant
in question. BAT is specified in Subpart F of this Part.
“Board” means the Illinois Pollution Control Board.
9
“CAS No.” means “Chemical Abstracts Services Number.”
“CT” or “CTcalc” is the product of “residual disinfectant concentration” (RDC or C)
in mg/
ℓ
determined before or at the first customer, and the corresponding
“disinfectant contact time” (T) in minutes. If a supplier applies disinfectants at more
than one point prior to the first customer, it must determine the CT of each
disinfectant sequence before or at the first customer to determine the total percent
inactivation or “total inactivation ratio.” In determining the total inactivation ratio,
the supplier must determine the RDC of each disinfection sequence and
corresponding contact time before any subsequent disinfection application points.
(See “CT99.9.”)
“CT99.9” is the CT value required for 99.9 percent (3-log) inactivation of Giardia
lamblia cysts. CT99.9 for a variety of disinfectants and conditions appear in Tables
1.1-1.6, 2.1 and 3.1 of Appendix B of this Part. (See “Inactivation Ratio.”)
BOARD NOTE: Derived from the definition of “CT” in 40 CFR 141.2 (2002)
(2003).
“Coagulation” means a process using coagulant chemicals and mixing by which
colloidal and suspended materials are destabilized and agglomerated into flocs.
“Community water system” or “CWS” means a public water system (PWS) that
serves at least 15 service connections used by year-round residents or regularly
serves at least 25 year-round residents.
BOARD NOTE: This definition differs slightly from that of Section 3.05 of the Act.
“Compliance cycle” means the nine-year calendar year cycle during which public
water systems (PWSs) must monitor. Each compliance cycle consists of three three-
year compliance periods. The first calendar cycle began January 1, 1993, and ended
December 31, 2001; the second began January 1, 2002, and ends December 31,
2010; the third begins January 1, 2011, and ends December 31, 2019.
“Compliance period” means a three-year calendar year period within a compliance
cycle. Each compliance cycle has three three-year compliance periods. Within the
first compliance cycle, the first compliance period ran from January 1, 1993 to
December 31, 1995; the second from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 1998; the
third from January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2001.
“Comprehensive performance evaluation” or “CPE” is a thorough review and
analysis of a treatment plant’s performance-based capabilities and associated
administrative, operation, and maintenance practices. It is conducted to identify
factors that may be adversely impacting a plant’s capability to achieve
compliance and emphasizes approaches that can be implemented without
significant capital improvements.
BOARD NOTE: The final sentence of the definition of “comprehensive
performance evaluation” in 40 CFR 141.2 is codified as Section 611.160(a)(2),
10
since it contains substantive elements that are more appropriately codified in a
substantive provision.
“Confluent growth” means a continuous bacterial growth covering the entire
filtration area of a membrane filter or a portion thereof, in which bacterial colonies
are not discrete.
“Contaminant” means any physical, chemical, biological, or radiological substance
or matter in water.
“Conventional filtration treatment” means a series of processes including
coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration resulting in substantial
particulate removal.
“Diatomaceous earth filtration” means a process resulting in substantial particulate
removal in which the following occur:
A precoat cake of diatomaceous earth filter media is deposited on a support
membrane (septum); and
While the water is filtered by passing through the cake on the septum,
additional filter media known as body feed is continuously added to the feed
water to maintain the permeability of the filter cake.
“Direct filtration” means a series of processes including coagulation and filtration but
excluding sedimentation resulting in substantial particulate removal.
“Disinfectant” means any oxidant, including but not limited to chlorine, chlorine
dioxide, chloramines, and ozone added to water in any part of the treatment or
distribution process, that is intended to kill or inactivate pathogenic microorganisms.
“Disinfectant contact time” or “T” means the time in minutes that it takes for water
to move from the point of disinfectant application or the previous point of RDC
measurement to a point before or at the point where RDC is measured.
Where only one RDC is measured, T is the time in minutes that it takes for
water to move from the point of disinfectant application to a point before or
at the point where RDC is measured.
Where more than one RDC is measured, T is as follows:
For the first measurement of RDC, the time in minutes that it takes
for water to move from the first or only point of disinfectant
application to a point before or at the point where the first RDC is
measured; and
11
For subsequent measurements of RDC, the time in minutes that it
takes for water to move from the previous RDC measurement point
to the RDC measurement point for which the particular T is being
calculated.
T in pipelines must be calculated based on “plug flow” by dividing the
internal volume of the pipe by the maximum hourly flow rate through that
pipe.
T within mixing basins and storage reservoirs must be determined by tracer
studies or an equivalent demonstration.
“Disinfection” means a process that inactivates pathogenic organisms in water by
chemical oxidants or equivalent agents.
“Disinfection byproduct” or “DBP” means a chemical byproduct that forms when
disinfectants used for microbial control react with naturally occurring compounds
already present in source water. DBPs include, but are not limited to,
bromodichloromethane, bromoform, chloroform, dichloroacetic acid, bromate,
chlorite, dibromochloromethane, and certain haloacetic acids.
“Disinfection profile” is a summary of daily Giardia lamblia inactivation through
the treatment plant. The procedure for developing a disinfection profile is
contained in Section 611.742.
“Distribution system” includes all points downstream of an “entry point” to the point
of consumer ownership.
“Domestic or other non-distribution system plumbing problem” means a coliform
contamination problem in a PWS with more than one service connection that is
limited to the specific service connection from which the coliform-positive sample
was taken.
“Dose equivalent” means the product of the absorbed dose from ionizing radiation
and such factors as account for differences in biological effectiveness due to the type
of radiation and its distribution in the body as specified by the International
Commission on Radiological Units and Measurements (ICRU).
“Enhanced coagulation” means the addition of sufficient coagulant for improved
removal of disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors by conventional filtration
treatment.
“Enhanced softening” means the improved removal of disinfection byproduct
(DBP) precursors by precipitative softening.
“Entry point” means a point just downstream of the final treatment operation, but
12
upstream of the first user and upstream of any mixing with other water. If raw water
is used without treatment, the “entry point” is the raw water source. If a PWS
receives treated water from another PWS, the “entry point” is a point just
downstream of the other PWS, but upstream of the first user on the receiving PWS,
and upstream of any mixing with other water.
“Filter profile” is a graphical representation of individual filter performance,
based on continuous turbidity measurements or total particle counts versus time
for an entire filter run, from startup to backwash inclusively, that includes an
assessment of filter performance while another filter is being backwashed.
“Filtration” means a process for removing particulate matter from water by passage
through porous media.
“Flocculation” means a process to enhance agglomeration or collection of smaller
floc particles into larger, more easily settleable particles through gentle stirring by
hydraulic or mechanical means.
“GAC10” means granular activated carbon (GAC) filter beds with an empty-bed
contact time of 10 minutes based on average daily flow and a carbon reactivation
frequency of every 180 days.
“GC” means “gas chromatography” or “gas-liquid phase chromatography.”
“GC/MS” means gas chromatography (GC) followed by mass spectrometry (MS).
“Gross alpha particle activity” means the total radioactivity due to alpha particle
emission as inferred from measurements on a dry sample.
“Gross beta particle activity” means the total radioactivity due to beta particle
emission as inferred from measurements on a dry sample.
“Groundwater under the direct influence of surface water” means any water beneath
the surface of the ground with significant occurrence of insects or other
macroorganisms, algae, or large-diameter pathogens, such as Giardia lamblia or
Cryptosporidium, or significant and relatively rapid shifts in water characteristics,
such as turbidity, temperature, conductivity, or pH, that closely correlate to
climatological or surface water conditions. “Groundwater under the direct
influence of surface water” is as determined in Section 611.212.
“GWS” means “groundwater system,” a public water supply (PWS) that uses only
groundwater sources.
BOARD NOTE: Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(b)(2) & 141.24(f)(2) note (2002)
(2003).
“Haloacetic acids (five)” or “HAA5” means the sum of the concentrations in
13
milligrams per liter (mg/
ℓ
) of five haloacetic acid compounds (monochloroacetic
acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, and
dibromoacetic acid), rounded to two significant figures after addition.
“Halogen” means one of the chemical elements chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
“HPC” means “heterotrophic plate count,” measured as specified in Section
611.531(c).
“Inactivation ratio” (Ai) means as follows:
Ai = CTcalc/CT99.9
The sum of the inactivation ratios, or “total inactivation ratio” (B) is
calculated by adding together the inactivation ratio for each disinfection
sequence as follows:
B =
∑
(Ai)
A total inactivation ratio equal to or greater than 1.0 is assumed to provide a
3-log inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from the definition of “CT” in 40 CFR 141.2 (2002)
(2003).
“Initial compliance period” means the three-year compliance period that begins
January 1, 1993, except for the MCLs for dichloromethane, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene,
1,1,2-trichloroethane, benzo(a)pyrene, dalapon, di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, di(2-ethyl-
hexyl)phthalate, dinoseb, diquat, endothall, endrin, glyphosate, hexachlorobenzene,
hexachlorocyclopentadiene, oxamyl, picloram, simazine, 2,3,7,8-TCDD, antimony,
beryllium, cyanide, nickel, and thallium, as they apply to a supplier whose system
has fewer than 150 service connections, for which it means the three-year
compliance period that began on January 1, 1996.
“Inorganic contaminants” or “IOCs” refers to that group of contaminants
designated as such in United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
regulatory discussions and guidance documents. IOCs include antimony, arsenic,
asbestos, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide, mercury, nickel,
nitrate, nitrite, selenium, and thallium.
BOARD NOTE: The IOCs are derived from 40 CFR 141.23(a)(4) (2002) (2003).
“
ℓ
” means “liter.”
“Legionella” means a genus of bacteria, some species of which have caused a type of
pneumonia called Legionnaires Disease.
“Man-made beta particle and photon emitters” means all radionuclides emitting beta
14
particles or photons listed in “Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum
Permissible Concentrations of Radionuclides in Air and in Water for Occupational
Exposure,” NCRP Report Number 22, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102,
except the daughter products of thorium-232, uranium-235 and uranium-238.
“Maximum contaminant level” or “MCL” means the maximum permissible level of
a contaminant in water that is delivered to any user of a public water system. (See
Section 611.121.)
“Maximum contaminant level goal” or “MCLG” means the maximum level of a
contaminant in drinking water at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on
the health of persons would occur, and which allows an adequate margin of
safety. MCLGs are nonenforceable health goals.
BOARD NOTE: The Board has not routinely adopted the regulations relating to
the federal MCLGs because they are outside the scope of the Board’s identical-in-
substance mandate under Section 17.5 of the Act [415 ILCS 5/17.5].
“Maximum residual disinfectant level” or “MRDL” means the maximum
permissible level of a disinfectant added for water treatment that may not be
exceeded at the consumer’s tap without an unacceptable possibility of adverse
health effects. MRDLs are enforceable in the same manner as are MCLs. (See
Section 611.313 and Section 611.383.)
“Maximum residual disinfectant level goal” or “MRDLG” means the maximum
level of a disinfectant added for water treatment at which no known or anticipated
adverse effect on the health of persons would occur, and which allows an
adequate margin of safety. MRDLGs are nonenforceable health goals and do not
reflect the benefit of the addition of the chemical for control of waterborne
microbial contaminants.
“Maximum total trihalomethane potential” or “MTP” means the maximum
concentration of total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) produced in a given water
containing a disinfectant residual after seven days at a temperature of 25
°
C or above.
“MFL” means millions of fibers per liter larger than 10 micrometers.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(a)(4)(i) (2002) (2003).
“mg” means milligrams (1/1000 of a gram).
“mg/
ℓ
” means milligrams per liter.
“Mixed system” means a PWS that uses both groundwater and surface water
sources.
BOARD NOTE: Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(b)(2) and 141.24(f)(2) note (2002)
(2003).
15
“MUG” means 4-methyl-umbelliferyl-beta-d-glucuronide.
“Near the first service connection” means at one of the 20 percent of all service
connections in the entire system that are nearest the public water system (PWS)
treatment facility, as measured by water transport time within the distribution system.
“nm” means nanometer (1/1,000,000,000 of a meter).
“Non-community water system” or “NCWS” or “non-CWS” means a public water
system (PWS) that is not a community water system (CWS). A non-community
water system is either a “transient non-community water system (TWS)” or a
“non-transient non-community water system (NTNCWS).”
“Non-transient non-community water system” or “NTNCWS” means a public water
system (PWS) that is not a community water system (CWS) and that regularly serves
at least 25 of the same persons over six months per year.
“NPDWR” means “national primary drinking water regulation.”
“NTU” means “nephelometric turbidity units.”
“Old MCL” means one of the inorganic maximum contaminant levels (MCLs),
codified at Section 611.300, or organic MCLs, codified at Section 611.310,
including any marked as “additional State requirements.”
BOARD NOTE: Old MCLs are those derived prior to the implementation of the
USEPA “Phase II” regulations. The Section 611.640 definition of this term, which
applies only to Subpart O of this Part, differs from this definition in that the
definition does not include the Section 611.300 inorganic MCLs.
“P-A Coliform Test” means “Presence-Absence Coliform Test.”
“Paired sample” means two samples of water for Total Organic Carbon (TOC).
One sample is of raw water taken prior to any treatment. The other sample is taken
after the point of combined filter effluent and is representative of the treated water.
These samples are taken at the same time. (See Section 611.382.)
“Performance evaluation sample” or “PE sample” means a reference sample
provided to a laboratory for the purpose of demonstrating that the laboratory can
successfully analyze the sample within limits of performance specified by the
Agency; or, for bacteriological laboratories, Public Health; or, for radiological
laboratories, the Illinois Department of Nuclear Safety. The true value of the
concentration of the reference material is unknown to the laboratory at the time of
the analysis.
“Person” means an individual, corporation, company, association, partnership, state,
unit of local government, or federal agency.
16
“Phase I” refers to that group of chemical contaminants and the accompanying
regulations promulgated by USEPA on July 8, 1987, at 52 Fed. Reg. 25712.
“Phase II” refers to that group of chemical contaminants and the accompanying
regulations promulgated by USEPA on January 30, 1991, at 56 Fed. Reg. 3578.
“Phase IIB” refers to that group of chemical contaminants and the accompanying
regulations promulgated by USEPA on July 1, 1991, at 56 Fed. Reg. 30266.
“Phase V” refers to that group of chemical contaminants promulgated by USEPA on
July 17, 1992, at 57 Fed. Reg. 31776.
“Picocurie” or “pCi” means the quantity of radioactive material producing 2.22
nuclear transformations per minute.
“Point of disinfectant application” is the point at which the disinfectant is applied and
downstream of which water is not subject to recontamination by surface water
runoff.
“Point-of-entry treatment device” or “POE” is a treatment device applied to the
drinking water entering a house or building for the purpose of reducing contaminants
in the drinking water distributed throughout the house or building.
“Point-of-use treatment device” or “POU” is a treatment device applied to a single
tap used for the purpose of reducing contaminants in drinking water at that one tap.
“Public Health” or “DPH” means the Illinois Department of Public Health.
BOARD NOTE: The Department of Public Health (“Public Health”) regulates non-
community water supplies (“non-CWSs,” including non-transient, non-community
water supplies (“NTNCWSs”) and transient non-community water supplies
(“transient non-CWSs”)). For the purposes of regulation of supplies by Public
Health by reference to this Part, “Agency” must mean Public Health.
“Public water system” or “PWS” means a system for the provision to the public of
water for human consumption through pipes or other constructed conveyances, if
such system has at least 15 service connections or regularly serves an average of at
least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days out of the year. A PWS is either a
community water system (CWS) or a non-community water system (non-CWS).
Such term includes the following:
Any collection, treatment, storage, and distribution facilities under control of
the operator of such system and used primarily in connection with such
system; and
Any collection or pretreatment storage facilities not under such control that
17
are used primarily in connection with such system.
BOARD NOTE: Where used in Subpart F of this Part, “public water supply” means
the same as “public water system.”
“Radioactive contaminants” refers to that group of contaminants designated
“radioactive contaminants” in USEPA regulatory discussions and guidance
documents. “Radioactive contaminants” include tritium, strontium-89, strontium-
90, iodine-131, cesium-134, gross beta emitters, and other nuclides.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.25(c) Table B (2002) (2003). These
radioactive contaminants must be reported in Consumer Confidence Reports
under Subpart U of this Part when they are detected above the levels indicated in
Section 611.720(c)(3).
“Reliably and consistently” below a specified level for a contaminant means an
Agency determination based on analytical results following the initial detection of a
contaminant to determine the qualitative condition of water from an individual
sampling point or source. The Agency must base this determination on the
consistency of analytical results, the degree below the MCL, the susceptibility of
source water to variation, and other vulnerability factors pertinent to the contaminant
detected that may influence the quality of water.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(b)(9), 141.24(f)(11)(ii), and
141.24(f)(11)(iii) (2002) (2003).
“Rem” means the unit of dose equivalent from ionizing radiation to the total body or
any internal organ or organ system. A “millirem (mrem)” is 1/1000 of a rem.
“Repeat compliance period” means a compliance period that begins after the initial
compliance period.
“Representative” means that a sample must reflect the quality of water that is
delivered to consumers under conditions when all sources required to supply water
under normal conditions are in use and all treatment is properly operating.
“Residual disinfectant concentration” (“RDC” or “C” in CT calculations) means the
concentration of disinfectant measured in mg/
ℓ
in a representative sample of water.
For purposes of the requirement of Section 611.241(d) of maintaining a detectable
RDC in the distribution system, “RDC” means a residual of free or combined
chlorine.
“Safe Drinking Water Act” or “SDWA” means the Public Health Service Act, as
amended by the Safe Drinking Water Act, Pub. L. 93-523, 42 USC 300f et seq.
“Sanitary survey” means an onsite review of the water source, facilities, equipment,
operation, and maintenance of a public water system (PWS) for the purpose of
evaluating the adequacy of such source, facilities, equipment, operation, and
maintenance for producing and distributing safe drinking water.
18
“Sedimentation” means a process for removal of solids before filtration by gravity or
separation.
“SEP” means special exception permit (Section 611.110).
“Service connection,” as used in the definition of public water system, does not
include a connection to a system that delivers water by a constructed conveyance
other than a pipe if any of the following is true:
The water is used exclusively for purposes other than residential use
(consisting of drinking, bathing, and cooking, or other similar uses);
The Agency determines by issuing a SEP that alternative water for
residential use or similar uses for drinking and cooking is provided to
achieve the equivalent level of public health protection provided by the
applicable national primary drinking water regulations; or
The Agency determines by issuing a SEP that the water provided for
residential use or similar uses for drinking, cooking, and bathing is
centrally treated or treated at the point of entry by the provider, a
pass-through entity, or the user to achieve the equivalent level of
protection provided by the applicable national primary drinking water
regulations.
BOARD NOTE: See sections 1401(4)(B)(i)(II) and (4)(B)(i)(III) of SDWA (42
USC 300f(4)(B)(i)(II) and (4)(B)(i)(III) (2000)).
“Slow sand filtration” means a process involving passage of raw water through a bed
of sand at low velocity (generally less than 0.4 meters per hour (m/h)) resulting in
substantial particulate removal by physical and biological mechanisms.
“SOC” or “Synthetic organic chemical contaminant” refers to that group of
contaminants designated as “SOCs,” or “synthetic organic chemicals” or “synthetic
organic contaminants,” in USEPA regulatory discussions and guidance documents.
“SOCs” include alachlor, aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, aldicarb sulfoxide, atrazine,
benzo(a)pyrene, carbofuran, chlordane, dalapon, dibromoethylene (ethylene
dibromide or EDB), dibromochloropropane (DBCP), di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, di(2-
ethylhexyl)phthalate, dinoseb, diquat, endothall, endrin, glyphosate, heptachlor,
heptachlor epoxide, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene, lindane,
methoxychlor, oxamyl, pentachlorophenol, picloram, simazine, toxaphene, poly-
chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 2,4-D, 2,3,7,8-TCDD, and 2,4,5-TP.
BOARD NOTE: See the Board note appended to Section 611.311 for
information relating to implementation of requirements relating to aldicarb,
aldicarb sulfone, and aldicarb sulfoxide.
“Source” means a well, reservoir, or other source of raw water.
19
“Special irrigation district” means an irrigation district in existence prior to May
18, 1994 that provides primarily agricultural service through a piped water system
with only incidental residential use or similar use, where the system or the
residential users or similar users of the system comply with either of the following
exclusion conditions:
The Agency determines by issuing a SEP that alternative water is
provided for residential use or similar uses for drinking or cooking to
achieve the equivalent level of public health protection provided by the
applicable national primary drinking water regulations; or
The Agency determines by issuing a SEP that the water provided for
residential use or similar uses for drinking, cooking, and bathing is
centrally treated or treated at the point of entry by the provider, a pass-
through entity, or the user to achieve the equivalent level of protection
provided by the applicable national primary drinking water regulations.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (2002) (2003) and sections
1401(4)(B)(i)(II) and (4)(B)(i)(III) of SDWA (42 USC 300f(4)(B)(i)(II) and
(4)(B)(i)(III) (2000)).
“Standard sample” means the aliquot of finished drinking water that is examined for
the presence of coliform bacteria.
“Subpart B system” means a public water system that uses surface water or
groundwater under the direct influence of surface water as a source and which is
subject to the requirements of Subpart B of this Part and the analytical and
monitoring requirements of Sections 611.531, 611.532, 611.533, Appendix B of
this Part, and Appendix C of this Part.
“Supplier of water” or “supplier” means any person who owns or operates a public
water system (PWS). This term includes the “official custodian.”
“Surface water” means all water that is open to the atmosphere and subject to surface
runoff.
“SUVA” means specific ultraviolet absorption at 254 nanometers (nm), which is an
indicator of the humic content of water. It is a calculated parameter obtained by
dividing a sample’s ultraviolet absorption at a wavelength of 254 nm (UV 254) (in m
-
1
) by its concentration of dissolved organic carbon (in mg/
ℓ
).
“SWS” means “surface water system,” a public water supply (PWS) that uses only
surface water sources, including “groundwater under the direct influence of surface
water.”
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(b)(2) and 141.24(f)(2) note (2002)
(2003).
20
“System with a single service connection” means a system that supplies drinking
water to consumers via a single service line.
“Too numerous to count” means that the total number of bacterial colonies exceeds
200 on a 47-mm diameter membrane filter used for coliform detection.
“Total organic carbon” or “TOC” means total organic carbon (in mg/
ℓ
) measured
using heat, oxygen, ultraviolet irradiation, chemical oxidants, or combinations of
these oxidants that convert organic carbon to carbon dioxide, rounded to two
significant figures.
“Total trihalomethanes” or “TTHM” means the sum of the concentration of
trihalomethanes (THMs), in milligrams per liter (mg/
ℓ
), rounded to two significant
figures.
BOARD NOTE: See the definition of “trihalomethanes” for a listing of the four
compounds that USEPA considers TTHMs to comprise.
“Transient, non-community water system” or “transient non-CWS” means a non-
CWS that does not regularly serve at least 25 of the same persons over six months of
the year.
BOARD NOTE: The federal regulations apply to all “public water systems,” which
are defined as all systems having at least 15 service connections or regularly serving
water to at least 25 persons. (See 42 USC 300f(4).) The Act mandates that the
Board and the Agency regulate “public water supplies,” which it defines as having at
least 15 service connections or regularly serving 25 persons daily at least 60 days per
year. (See Section 3.28 of the Act [415 ILCS 5/3.28].) The Department of Public
Health regulates transient, non-community water systems.
“Treatment” means any process that changes the physical, chemical,
microbiological, or radiological properties of water, is under the control of the
supplier, and is not a point-of-use treatment device or a point-of-entry treatment
device as defined in this Section. Treatment includes, but is not limited to, aeration,
coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, activated carbon treatment, disinfection, and
fluoridation.
“Trihalomethane” or “THM” means one of the family of organic compounds, named
as derivatives of methane, in which three of the four hydrogen atoms in methane are
each substituted by a halogen atom in the molecular structure. The THMs are the
following compounds:
Trichloromethane (chloroform),
Dibromochloromethane,
Bromodichloromethane, and
21
Tribromomethane (bromoform)
“μg” means micrograms (1/1,000,000 of a gram).
“USEPA” means the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
“Uncovered finished water storage facility” is a tank, reservoir, or other facility
that is open to the atmosphere and which is used to store water that will undergo
no further treatment except residual disinfection.
“Virus” means a virus of fecal origin that is infectious to humans by waterborne
transmission.
“VOC” or “volatile organic chemical contaminant” refers to that group of
contaminants designated as “VOCs,” “volatile organic chemicals,” or “volatile
organic contaminants,” in USEPA regulatory discussions and guidance documents.
“VOCs” include benzene, dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane (carbon tetra-
chloride), trichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl
chloroform), 1,1-dichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene,
ethylbenzene, monochlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, styrene, 1,2,4-trichloro-
benzene, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, toluene, trans-1,2-dichloro-
ethylene, xylene, and 1,2-dichloropropane.
“Waterborne disease outbreak” means the significant occurrence of acute infectious
illness, epidemiologically associated with the ingestion of water from a public water
system (PWS) that is deficient in treatment, as determined by the appropriate local or
State agency.
“Wellhead protection program” means the wellhead protection program for the State
of Illinois, approved by USEPA under Section 1428 of the SDWA, 42 USC 300h-7.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.71(b) (2002) (2003). The wellhead
protection program includes the “groundwater protection needs assessment” under
Section 17.1 of the Act [415 ILCS 5/17.1] and 35 Ill. Adm. Code 615-617.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.102 Incorporations by Reference
a) Abbreviations and short-name listing of references. The following names and
abbreviated names, presented in alphabetical order, are used in this Part to refer to
materials incorporated by reference:
“Amco-AEPA-1 Polymer” is available from Advanced Polymer Systems.
22
“ASTM Method” means a method published by and available from the
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
“Colisure Test” means “Colisure Presence/Absence Test for Detection and
Identification of Coliform Bacteria and Escherichia Coli in Drinking
Water,” available from Millipore Corporation, Technical Services
Department.
“Dioxin and Furan Method 1613” means “Tetra- through Octa-
Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans by Isotope-Dilution HRGC/HRMS,”
available from NTIS.
“GLI Method 2” means GLI Method 2, “Turbidity,” Nov. 2, 1992,
available from Great Lakes Instruments, Inc.
“Hach FilterTrak Method 10133” means “Determination of Turbidity by
Laser Nephelometry,” available from Hach Co.
“HASL Procedure Manual” means HASL Procedure Manual, HASL 300,
available from ERDA Health and Safety Laboratory.
“Kelada 01” means “Kelada Automated Test Methods for Total Cyanide,
Acid Dissociable Cyanide, And Thiocyanate,” Revision 1.2, August 2001,
EPA # 821–B–01–009, available from the National Technical Information
Service (NTIS).
“Membrane Filter Technique using Chromocult Doliform Agar” means
“Chromocult Coliform Agar Presence/Absence Membrane Filter Test
Method for Detection and Identification of Coliform Bacteria and
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli in Finished Waters,” available from EM
Science
.
“NCRP” means “National Council on Radiation Protection.”
“NTIS” means “National Technical Information Service.”
“New Jersey Radium Method” means “Determination of Radium 228 in
Drinking Water,” available from the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection.
“New York Radium Method” means “Determination of Ra-226 and Ra-
228 (Ra-02),” available from the New York Department of Public Health.
“ONGP-MUG Test” (meaning “minimal medium ortho-nitrophenyl-beta-
d-galactopyranoside-4-methyl-umbelliferyl-beta-d-glucuronide test”), also
23
called the “Autoanalysis Colilert System,” is Method 9223, available in
“Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,” 18th
ed., from American Public Health Association.
“Palintest Method 1001” means “Method Number 1001,” available from
Palintest, Ltd. or the Hach Company.
“QuikChem Method 10–204–00–1-X” means “Digestion and distillation
of total cyanide in drinking and wastewaters using MICRO DIST and
determination of cyanide by flow injection analysis,” available from
Lachat Instruments.
“Readycult Coliforms 100 Presence/Absence Test” means “Readycult
Coliforms 100 Presence/Absence Test for Detection and Identification of
Coliform Bacteria and
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli in Finished
Waters,” available from EM Science.
“SimPlate Method” means “IDEXX SimPlate TM HPC Test Method for
Heterotrophs in Water,” available from IDEXX Laboratories, Inc.
“Radiochemical Methods” means “Interim Radiochemical Methodology
for Drinking Water,” available from NTIS.
“Standard Methods” means “Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater,” available from the American Public Health
Association or the American Waterworks Association.
“Syngenta AG-625” means “Atrazine in Drinking Water by
Immunoassay,” February 2001 is available from Syngenta Crop
Protection, Inc.
“Technical Bulletin 601” means “Technical Bulletin 601, Standard
Method of Testing for Nitrate in Drinking Water,” July 1994, available
from Analytical Technology, Inc.
“Technicon Methods” means “Fluoride in Water and Wastewater,”
available from Bran & Luebbe.
“USDOE Manual” means “EML Procedures Manual,” available from the
United State Department of Energy.
“USEPA Asbestos Methods-100.1” means Method 100.1, “Analytical
Method for Determination of Asbestos Fibers in Water,” September 1983,
available from NTIS.
“USEPA Asbestos Methods-100.2” means Method 100.2, “Determination
24
of Asbestos Structures over 10-mm in Length in Drinking Water,” June
1994, available from NTIS.
“USEPA Environmental Inorganics Methods” means “Methods for the
Determination of Inorganic Substances in Environmental Samples,”
August 1993, available from NTIS.
“USEPA Environmental Metals Methods” means “Methods for the
Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples,” available from
NTIS.
“USEPA Inorganic Methods” means “Methods for Chemical Analysis of
Water and Wastes,” March 1983, available from NTIS.
“USEPA Interim Radiochemical Methods” means “Interim Radiochemical
Methodology for Drinking Water,” EPA 600/4-75-008 (revised), March
1976. Available from NTIS.
“USEPA Organic Methods” means “Methods for the Determination of
Organic Compounds in Drinking Water,” July 1991, for Methods 502.2,
505, 507, 508, 508A, 515.1, and 531.1; “Methods for the Determination of
Organic Compounds in Drinking Water--Supplement I,” July 1990, for
Methods 506, 547, 550, 550.1, and 551; and “Methods for the
Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water--Supplement
II,” August 1992, for Methods 515.2, 524.2, 548.1, 549.1, 552.1, and 555,
available from NTIS. Methods 504.1, 508.1, and 525.2 are available from
EPA EMSL; “Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds” in
Drinking Water--Supplement II, August 1992, for Method 552.1; “Methods
for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water--
Supplement III,” August 1995, for Methods 502.2, 524.2, 551.1, and 552.2.
Method 515.4, “Determination of Chlorinated Acids in Drinking Water by
Liquid-Liquid Microextraction, Derivatization and Fast Gas
Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection,” Revision 1.0, April
2000, EPA 815/B–00/001, and Method 531.2, “Measurement of N-
methylcarbamoyloximes and N-methylcarbamates in Water by Direct
Aqueous Injection HPLC with Postcolumn Derivatization,” Revision 1.0,
September 2001, EPA 815/B/01/002, are both available on-line from
USEPA, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water.
“USEPA Radioactivity Methods” means “Prescribed Procedures for
Measurement of Radioactivity in Drinking Water,” EPA 600/4-80-032,
August 1980. Available from NTIS.
“USEPA Radiochemical Analyses” means “Radiochemical Analytical
Procedures for Analysis of Environmental Samples,” March 1979.
Available from NTIS.
25
“USEPA Radiochemistry Methods” means “Radiochemistry Procedures
Manual,” EPA 520/5-84-006, December 1987. Available from NTIS.
“USEPA Technical Notes” means “Technical Notes on Drinking Water
Methods,” available from NTIS.
“USGS Methods” means “Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological
Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Inorganic
and Organic Constituents in Water and Fluvial Sediments,” available from
NTIS and USGS.
“Waters Method B-1011” means “Waters Test Method for the
Determination of Nitrite/Nitrate in Water Using Single Column Ion
Chromatography,” available from Waters Corporation, Technical Services
Division.
b) The Board incorporates the following publications by reference:
Advanced Polymer Systems, 3696 Haven Avenue, Redwood City, CA
94063 415-366-2626.
Amco-AEPA-1 Polymer. See 40 CFR 141.22(a) (2002) (2003).
Also, as referenced in ASTM D1889.
American Public Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street NW,
Washington, DC 20005 800-645-5476.
“Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater,” 17th Edition, 1989 (referred to as “Standard
Methods, 17th ed.”).
“Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater,” 18th Edition, 1992, including “Supplement to the
18th Edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
and Wastewater,” 1994 (collectively referred to as “Standard
Methods, 18th ed.”). See the methods listed separately for the
same references under American Waterworks Association.
“Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater,” 19th Edition, 1995 (referred to as “Standard
Methods, 19th ed.”).
“Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater,” 20th Edition, 1998 (referred to as “Standard
Methods, 20th ed.”).
26
American Waterworks Association et al., 6666 West Quincy Ave.,
Denver, CO 80235 303-794-7711.
“National Field Evaluation of a Defined Substrate Method for the
Simultaneous Enumeration of Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli
for Drinking Water: Comparison with the Standard Multiple Tube
Fermentation Method,” S.C. Edberg, M.J. Allen & D.B. Smith,
Applied Environmental Microbiology, vol. 54, iss. 6, pp 1595-
1601 (1988).
“Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater,” 13th Edition, 1971 (referred to as “Standard
Methods, 13th ed.”).
Method 302, Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Radioactivity in
Water (Total, Suspended, and Dissolved).
Method 303, Total Radioactive Strontium and Strontium 90
in Water.
Method 304, Radium in Water by Precipitation.
Method 305, Radium 226 by Radon in Water (Soluble,
Suspended, and Total).
Method 306, Tritium in Water.
“Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater,” 17th Edition, 1989 (referred to as “Standard
Methods, 17th ed.”).
Method 7110 B, Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Radioactivity
in Water (Total, Suspended, and Dissolved).
Method 7500-Cs B, Radioactive Cesium, Precipitation
Method.
Method 7500-
3
H B, Tritium in Water.
Method 7500-I B, Radioactive Iodine, Precipitation
Method.
Method 7500-I C, Radioactive Iodine, Ion-Exchange
Method.
27
Method 7500-I D, Radioactive Iodine, Distillation Method.
Method 7500-Ra B, Radium in Water by Precipitation.
Method 7500-Ra C, Radium 226 by Radon in Water
(Soluble, Suspended, and Total).
Method 7500-Ra D, Radium, Sequential Precipitation
Method (Proposed).
Method 7500-Sr B, Total Radioactive Strontium and
Strontium 90 in Water.
Method 7500-U B, Uranium, Radiochemical Method
(Proposed).
Method 7500-U C, Uranium, Isotopic Method (Proposed).
“Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater,” 18th Edition, 1992 (referred to as “Standard
Methods, 18th ed.”).
Method 2130 B, Turbidity, Nephelometric Method.
Method 2320 B, Alkalinity, Titration Method.
Method 2510 B, Conductivity, Laboratory Method.
Method 2550, Temperature, Laboratory and Field Methods.
Method 3111 B, Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry, Direct Air-Acetylene Flame Method.
Method 3111 D, Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry, Direct Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene Flame
Method.
Method 3112 B, Metals by Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry, Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption
Spectrometric Method.
Method 3113 B, Metals by Electrothermal Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry, Electrothermal Atomic
Absorption Spectrometric Method.
Method 3114 B, Metals by Hydride Generation/Atomic
28
Absorption Spectrometry, Manual Hydride
Generation/Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Method.
Method 3120 B, Metals by Plasma Emission Spectroscopy,
Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Method.
Method 3500-Ca D, Calcium, EDTA Titrimetric Method.
Method 3500-Mg E, Magnesium, Calculation Method.
Method 4110 B, Determination of Anions by Ion
Chromatography, Ion Chromatography with Chemical
Suppression of Eluent Conductivity.
Method 4500-CN
-
C, Cyanide, Total Cyanide after
Distillation.
Method 4500-CN
-
E, Cyanide, Colorimetric Method.
Method 4500-CN
-
F, Cyanide, Cyanide-Selective Electrode
Method.
Method 4500-CN
-
G, Cyanide, Cyanides Amenable to
Chlorination after Distillation.
Method 4500-Cl D, Chlorine, Amperometric Titration
Method.
Method 4500-Cl E, Chlorine, Low-Level Amperometric
Titration Method.
Method 4500-Cl F, Chlorine, DPD Ferrous Titrimetric
Method.
Method 4500-Cl G, Chlorine, DPD Colorimetric Method.
Method 4500-Cl H, Chlorine, Syringaldazine (FACTS)
Method.
Method 4500-Cl I, Chlorine, Iodometric Electrode Method.
Method 4500-ClO2 C, Chlorine Dioxide, Amperometric
Method I.
Method 4500-ClO2 D, Chlorine Dioxide, DPD Method.
29
Method 4500-ClO2 E, Chlorine Dioxide, Amperometric
Method II (Proposed).
Method 4500-F
-
B, Fluoride, Preliminary Distillation Step.
Method 4500-F
-
C, Fluoride, Ion-Selective Electrode
Method.
Method 4500-F
-
D, Fluoride, SPADNS Method.
Method 4500-F
-
E, Fluoride, Complexone Method.
Method 4500-H
+
B, pH Value, Electrometric Method.
Method 4500-NO2
-
B, Nitrogen (Nitrite), Colorimetric
Method.
Method 4500-NO3
-
D, Nitrogen (Nitrate), Nitrate Electrode
Method.
Method 4500-NO3
-
E, Nitrogen (Nitrate), Cadmium
Reduction Method.
Method 4500-NO3
-
F, Nitrogen (Nitrate), Automated
Cadmium Reduction Method.
Method 4500-O3 B, Ozone (Residual) (Proposed), Indigo
Colorimetric Method.
Method 4500-P E, Phosphorus, Ascorbic Acid Method.
Method 4500-P F, Phosphorus, Automated Ascorbic Acid
Reduction Method.
Method 4500-Si D, Silica, Molybdosilicate Method.
Method 4500-Si E, Silica, Heteropoly Blue Method.
Method 4500-Si F, Silica, Automated Method for
Molybdate-Reactive Silica.
Method 6651, Glyphosate Herbicide (Proposed).
Method 7110 B, Gross Alpha and Beta Radioactivity
(Total, Suspended, and Dissolved), Evaporation Method for
Gross Alpha-Beta.
30
Method 7110 C, Gross Alpha and Beta Radioactivity
(Total, Suspended, and Dissolved), Coprecipitation Method
for Gross Alpha Radioactivity in Drinking Water
(Proposed).
Method 7500-Cs B, Radioactive Cesium, Precipitation
Method.
Method 7500-
3
H B, Tritium, Liquid Scintillation
Spectrometric Method.
Method 7500-I B, Radioactive Iodine, Precipitation
Method.
Method 7500-I C, Radioactive Iodine, Ion-Exchange
Method.
Method 7500-I D, Radioactive Iodine, Distillation Method.
Method 7500-Ra B, Radium, Precipitation Method.
Method 7500-Ra C, Radium, Emanation Method.
Method 7500-Ra D, Radium, Sequential Precipitation
Method (Proposed).
Method 7500-Sr B, Total Radiactive Radioactive Strontium
and Strontium 90, Precipitation Method.
Method 7500-U B, Uranium, Radiochemical Method
(Proposed).
Method 7500-U C, Uranium, Isotopic Method (Proposed).
Method 9215 B, Heterotrophic Plate Count, Pour Plate
Method.
Method 9221 A, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Introduction.
Method 9221 B, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Standard Total
Coliform Fermentation Technique.
Method 9221 C, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
31
for Members of the Coliform Group, Estimation of
Bacterial Density.
Method 9221 D, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Presence-Absence (P-
A) Coliform Test.
Method 9221 E, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Fecal Coliform
Procedure.
Method 9222 A, Membrane Filter Technique for Members
of the Coliform Group, Introduction.
Method 9222 B, Membrane Filter Technique for Members
of the Coliform Group, Standard Total Coliform Membrane
Filter Procedure.
Method 9222 C, Membrane Filter Technique for Members
of the Coliform Group, Delayed-Incubation Total Coliform
Procedure.
Method 9222 D, Membrane Filter Technique for Members
of the Coliform Group, Fecal Coliform Membrane Filter
Procedure.
Method 9223, Chromogenic Substrate Coliform Test
(Proposed).
“Supplement to the 18th Edition of Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater,” American Public Health
Association, 1994.
Method 6610, Carbamate Pesticide Method.
“Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater,” 19th Edition, 1995 (referred to as “Standard
Methods, 19th ed.”).
Method 2130 B, Turbidity, Nephelometric Method.
Method 2320 B, Alkalinity, Titration Method.
Method 2510 B, Conductivity, Laboratory Method.
Method 2550, Temperature, Laboratory, and Field
32
Methods.
Method 3111 B, Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry, Direct Air-Acetylene Flame Method.
Method 3111 D, Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry, Direct Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene Flame
Method.
Method 3112 B, Metals by Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry, Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption
Spectrometric Method.
Method 3113 B, Metals by Electrothermal Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry, Electrothermal Atomic
Absorption Spectrometric Method.
Method 3114 B, Metals by Hydride Generation/Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry, Manual Hydride
Generation/Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Method.
Method 3120 B, Metals by Plasma Emission Spectroscopy,
Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Method.
Method 3500-Ca D, Calcium, EDTA Titrimetric Method.
Method 3500-Mg E, Magnesium, Calculation Method.
Method 4110 B, Determination of Anions by Ion
Chromatography, Ion Chromatography with Chemical
Suppression of Eluent Conductivity.
Method 4500-Cl D, Chlorine, Amperometric Titration
Method.
Method 4500-Cl E, Chlorine, Low-Level Amperometric
Titration Method.
Method 4500-Cl F, Chlorine, DPD Ferrous Titrimetric
Method.
Method 4500-Cl G, Chlorine, DPD Colorimetric Method.
Method 4500-Cl H, Chlorine, Syringaldazine (FACTS)
Method.
33
Method 4500-Cl I, Chlorine, Iodometric Electrode Method.
Method 4500-ClO2 C, Chlorine Dioxide, Amperometric
Method I.
Method 4500-ClO2 D, Chlorine Dioxide, DPD Method.
Method 4500-ClO2 E, Chlorine Dioxide, Amperometric
Method II (Proposed).
Method 4500-CN
-
C, Cyanide, Total Cyanide after
Distillation.
Method 4500-CN
-
E, Cyanide, Colorimetric Method.
Method 4500-CN
-
F, Cyanide, Cyanide-Selective Electrode
Method.
Method 4500-CN
-
G, Cyanide, Cyanides Amenable to
Chlorination after Distillation.
Method 4500-F
-
B, Fluoride, Preliminary Distillation Step.
Method 4500-F
-
C, Fluoride, Ion-Selective Electrode
Method.
Method 4500-F
-
D, Fluoride, SPADNS Method.
Method 4500-F
-
E, Fluoride, Complexone Method.
Method 4500-H
+
B, pH Value, Electrometric Method.
Method 4500-NO2
-
B, Nitrogen (Nitrite), Colorimetric
Method.
Method 4500-NO3
-
D, Nitrogen (Nitrate), Nitrate Electrode
Method.
Method 4500-NO3
-
E, Nitrogen (Nitrate), Cadmium
Reduction Method.
Method 4500-NO3
-
F, Nitrogen (Nitrate), Automated
Cadmium Reduction Method.
Method 4500-O3 B, Ozone (Residual) (Proposed), Indigo
Colorimetric Method.
34
Method 4500-P E, Phosphorus, Ascorbic Acid Method.
Method 4500-P F, Phosphorus, Automated Ascorbic Acid
Reduction Method.
Method 4500-Si D, Silica, Molybdosilicate Method.
Method 4500-Si E, Silica, Heteropoly Blue Method.
Method 4500-Si F, Silica, Automated Method for
Molybdate-Reactive Silica.
Method 5910 B, UV Absorbing Organic Constituents,
Ultraviolet Absorption Method.
Method 6251 B, Disinfection Byproducts: Haloacetic Acids
and Trichlorophenol, Micro Liquid-Liquid Extraction Gas
Chromatographic Method.
Method 6651, Glyphosate Herbicide (Proposed).
Method 7110 B, Gross Alpha and Gross Beta
Radioactivity, Evaporation Method for Gross Alpha-Beta.
Method 7110 C, Gross Alpha and Beta Radioactivity
(Total, Suspended, and Dissolved), Coprecipitation Method
for Gross Alpha Radioactivity in Drinking Water
(Proposed).
Method 7120 B, Gamma-Emitting Radionuclides, Gamma
Spectrometric Method.
Method 7500-Cs B, Radioactive Cesium, Precipitation
Method.
Method 7500-3H B, Tritium, Liquid Scintillation
Spectrometric Method.
Method 7500-I B, Radioactive Iodine, Precipitation
Method.
Method 7500-I C, Radioactive Iodine, Ion-Exchange
Method.
Method 7500-I D, Radioactive Iodine, Distillation Method.
35
Method 7500-Ra B, Radium, Precipitation Method.
Method 7500-Ra C, Radium, Emanation Method.
Method 7500-Ra D, Radium, Sequential Precipitation
Method.
Method 7500-Sr B, Total Radiactive Strontium and
Strontium 90, Precipitation Method.
Method 7500-U B, Uranium, Radiochemical Method.
Method 7500-U C, Uranium, Isotopic Method.
Method 9215 B, Heterotrophic Plate Count, Pour Plate
Method.
Method 9221 A, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Introduction.
Method 9221 B, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Standard Total
Coliform Fermentation Technique.
Method 9221 C, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Estimation of
Bacterial Density.
Method 9221 D, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Presence-Absence (P-
A) Coliform Test.
Method 9221 E, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Fecal Coliform
Procedure.
Method 9222 A, Membrane Filter Technique for Members
of the Coliform Group, Introduction.
Method 9222 B, Membrane Filter Technique for Members
of the Coliform Group, Standard Total Coliform Membrane
Filter Procedure.
Method 9222 C, Membrane Filter Technique for Members
of the Coliform Group, Delayed-Incubation Total Coliform
36
Procedure.
Method 9222 D, Membrane Filter Technique for Members
of the Coliform Group, Fecal Coliform Membrane Filter
Procedure.
Method 9223, Chromogenic Substrate Coliform Test
(Proposed).
“Supplement to the 19th Edition of Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater,” American Public Health
Association, 1996.
Method 5310 B, TOC, Combustion-Infrared Method.
Method 5310 C, TOC, Persulfate-Ultraviolet Oxidation
Method.
Method 5310 D, TOC, Wet-Oxidation Method.
“Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater,” 20th Edition, 1998 (referred to as “Standard
Methods, 20th ed.”).
Method 2130 B, Turbidity, Nephelometric Method.
Method 2320 B, Alkalinity, Titration Method.
Method 2510 B, Conductivity, Laboratory Method.
Method 2550, Temperature, Laboratory, and Field
Methods.
Method 3120 B, Metals by Plasma Emission Spectroscopy,
Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Method.
Method 3500-Ca B, Calcium, EDTA Titrimetric Method.
Method 3500-Mg B, Magnesium, EDTA Titrimetric
Method.
Method 4110 B, Determination of Anions by Ion
Chromatography, Ion Chromatography with Chemical
Suppression of Eluent Conductivity.
Method 4500-CN
-
C, Cyanide, Total Cyanide after
37
Distillation.
Method 4500-CN
-
E, Cyanide, Colorimetric Method.
Method 4500-CN
-
F, Cyanide, Cyanide-Selective Electrode
Method.
Method 4500-CN
-
G, Cyanide, Cyanides Amenable to
Chlorination after Distillation.
Method 4500-Cl D, Chlorine, Amperometric Titration
Method.
Method 4500-Cl E, Chlorine, Low-Level Amperometric
Titration Method.
Method 4500-Cl F, Chlorine, DPD Ferrous Titrimetric
Method.
Method 4500-Cl G, Chlorine, DPD Colorimetric Method.
Method 4500-Cl H, Chlorine, Syringaldazine (FACTS)
Method.
Method 4500-Cl I, Chlorine, Iodometric Electrode Method.
Method 4500-ClO2 C, Chlorine Dioxide, Amperometric
Method I.
Method 4500-ClO2 D, Chlorine Dioxide, DPD Method.
Method 4500-ClO2 E, Chlorine Dioxide, Amperometric
Method II (Proposed).
Method 4500-F
-
B, Fluoride, Preliminary Distillation Step.
Method 4500-F
-
C, Fluoride, Ion-Selective Electrode
Method.
Method 4500-F
-
D, Fluoride, SPADNS Method.
Method 4500-F
-
E, Fluoride, Complexone Method.
Method 4500-H
+
B, pH Value, Electrometric Method.
Method 4500-NO2
-
B, Nitrogen (Nitrite), Colorimetric
38
Method.
Method 4500-NO3
-
D, Nitrogen (Nitrate), Nitrate Electrode
Method.
Method 4500-NO3
-
E, Nitrogen (Nitrate), Cadmium
Reduction Method.
Method 4500-NO3
-
F, Nitrogen (Nitrate), Automated
Cadmium Reduction Method.
Method 4500-O3 B, Ozone (Residual) (Proposed), Indigo
Colorimetric Method.
Method 4500-P E, Phosphorus, Ascorbic Acid Method.
Method 4500-P F, Phosphorus, Automated Ascorbic Acid
Reduction Method.
Method 4500-Si C, Silica, Molybdosilicate Method.
Method 4500-Si D, Silica, Heteropoly Blue Method.
Method 4500-Si E, Silica, Automated Method for
Molybdate-Reactive Silica.
Method 4500-Cl E, Chlorine (Residual), Low-Level
Amperometric Titration Method.
Method 4500-Cl F, Chlorine (Residual), DPD Ferrous
Titrimetric Method.
Method 4500-Cl G, Chlorine (Residual), DPD Colorimetric
Method.
Method 4500-Cl H, Chlorine (Residual), Syringaldazine
(FACTS) Method.
Method 4500-Cl I, Chlorine (Residual), Iodometric
Electrode Technique.
Method 4500-ClO2 D, Chlorine Dioxide, DPD Method.
Method 4500-ClO2 E, Chlorine Dioxide, Amperometric
Method II.
39
Method 6651, Glyphosate Herbicide (Proposed).
Method 7110-B, Gross Alpha and Gross Beta
Radioactivity, Evaporation Method for Gross Alpha-Beta.
Method 7110 C, Gross Alpha and Beta Radioactivity
(Total, Suspended, and Dissolved), Coprecipitation Method
for Gross Alpha Radioactivity in Drinking Water
(Proposed).
Method 7120-B, Gamma-Emitting Radionuclides, Gamma
Spectrometric Method.
Method 7500-Cs B, Radioactive Cesium, Precipitation
Method.
Method 7500-3H B, Tritium, Liquid Scintillation
Spectrometric Method.
Method 7500-I B, Radioactive Iodine, Precipitation
Method.
Method 7500-I C, Radioactive Iodine, Ion-Exchange
Method.
Method 7500-I D, Radioactive Iodine, Distillation Method.
Method 7500-Ra B, Radium, Precipitation Method.
Method 7500-Ra C, Radium, Emanation Method.
Method 7500-Sr B, Total Radiactive Strontium and
Strontium 90, Precipitation Method.
Method 7500-U B, Uranium, Radiochemical Method.
Method 7500-U C, Uranium, Isotopic Method.
Method 9215 B, Heterotrophic Plate Count, Pour Plate
Method.
Method 9221 A, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Introduction.
Method 9221 B, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Standard Total
40
Coliform Fermentation Technique.
Method 9221 C, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Estimation of
Bacterial Density.
Method 9221 D, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Presence-Absence (P-
A) Coliform Test.
Method 9221 E, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group, Fecal Coliform
Procedure.
Method 9222 A, Membrane Filter Technique for Members
of the Coliform Group, Introduction.
Method 9222 B, Membrane Filter Technique for Members
of the Coliform Group, Standard Total Coliform Membrane
Filter Procedure.
Method 9222 C, Membrane Filter Technique for Members
of the Coliform Group, Delayed-Incubation Total Coliform
Procedure.
Method 9222 D, Membrane Filter Technique for Members
of the Coliform Group, Fecal Coliform Membrane Filter
Procedure.
Method 9223, Chromogenic Substrate Coliform Test
(Proposed).
Analytical Technology, Inc. ATI Orion, 529 Main Street, Boston, MA
02129.
Technical Bulletin 601, “Standard Method of Testing for Nitrate in
Drinking Water,” July, 1994, PN 221890-001 (referred to as
“Technical Bulletin 601”).
ASTM. American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor
Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 610-832-9585.
ASTM Method D511-93 A and B, “Standard Test Methods for
Calcium and Magnesium in Water,” “Test Method A--
Complexometric Titration” & “Test Method B--Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometric,” approved 1993.
41
ASTM Method D515-88 A, “Standard Test Methods for
Phosphorus in Water,” “Test Method A--Colorimetric Ascorbic
Acid Reduction,” approved August 19, 1988.
ASTM Method D859-88, “Standard Test Method for Silica in
Water,” approved August 19, 1988.
ASTM Method D1067-92 B, “Standard Test Methods for Acidity
or Alkalinity in Water,” “Test Method B--Electrometric or Color-
Change Titration,” approved May 15, 1992.
ASTM Method D1125-91 A, “Standard Test Methods for
Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of Water,” “Test Method
A--Field and Routine Laboratory Measurement of Static (Non-
Flowing) Samples,” approved June 15, 1991.
ASTM Method D1179-93 B, “Standard Test Methods for Fluoride
in Water,” “Test Method B--Ion Selective Electrode,” approved
1993.
ASTM Method D1293-84, “Standard Test Methods for pH of
Water,” “Test Method A--Precise Laboratory Measurement” &
“Test Method B--Routine or Continuous Measurement,” approved
October 26, 1984.
ASTM Method D1688-90 A or C, “Standard Test Methods for
Copper in Water,” “Test Method A--Atomic Absorption, Direct” &
“Test Method C--Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace,” approved
March 15, 1990.
ASTM Method D2036-91 A or B, “Standard Test Methods for
Cyanide in Water,” “Test Method A--Total Cyanides after
Distillation” & “Test Method B--Cyanides Amenable to
Chlorination by Difference,” approved September 15, 1991.
ASTM Method D2459-72, “Standard Test Method for Gamma
Spectrometry in Water,” approved July 28, 1972, discontinued
1988.
ASTM Method D2460-90, “Standard Test Method for
Radionuclides of Radium in Water,” approved 1990.
ASTM Method D2907-91, “Standard Test Methods for
Microquantities of Uranium in Water by Fluorometry,” “Test
Method A--Direct Fluorometric” & “Test Method B—Extraction,”
42
approved June 15, 1991.
ASTM Method D2972-93 B or C, “Standard Test Methods for
Arsenic in Water,” “Test Method B--Atomic Absorption, Hydride
Generation” & “Test Method C--Atomic Absorption, Graphite
Furnace,” approved 1993.
ASTM Method D3223-91, “Standard Test Method for Total
Mercury in Water,” approved September 23, 1991.
ASTM Method D3454-91, “Standard Test Method for Radium-226
in Water,” approved 1991.
ASTM Method D3559-90 D, “Standard Test Methods for Lead in
Water,” “Test Method D--Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace,”
approved August 6, 1990.
ASTM Method D3645-93 B, “Standard Test Methods for
Beryllium in Water,” “Method B--Atomic Absorption, Graphite
Furnace,” approved 1993.
ASTM Method D3649-91, “Standard Test Method for High-
Resolution Gamma-Ray Spectrometry of Water,” approved 1991.
ASTM Method D3697-92, “Standard Test Method for Antimony
in Water,” approved June 15, 1992.
ASTM Method D3859-93 A, “Standard Test Methods for
Selenium in Water,” “Method A--Atomic Absorption, Hydride
Method,” approved 1993.
ASTM Method D3867-90 A and B, “Standard Test Methods for
Nitrite-Nitrate in Water,” “Test Method A--Automated Cadmium
Reduction” & “Test Method B--Manual Cadmium Reduction,”
approved January 10, 1990.
ASTM Method D3972-90, “Standard Test Method for Isotopic
Uranium in Water by Radiochemistry,” approved 1990.
ASTM Method D4107-91, “Standard Test Method for Tritium in
Drinking Water,” approved 1991.
ASTM Method D4327-91, “Standard Test Method for Anions in
Water by Ion Chromatography,” approved October 15, 1991.
ASTM Method D4785-88, “Standard Test Method for Low-Level
43
Iodine-131 in Water,” approved 1988.
ASTM Method D5174-91, “Standard Test Method for Trace
Uranium in Water by Pulsed-Laser Phosphorimetry,” approved
1991.
ASTM Method D 1253-86, “Standard Test Method for Residual
Chlorine in Water,” reapproved 1992.
Bran & Luebbe, 1025 Busch Parkway, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089.
“Fluoride in Water and Wastewater,” Industrial Method #129-
71W, December 1972 (referred to as “Technicon Methods:
Method #129-71W”). See 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1), footnote 11
(2002) (2003).
“Fluoride in Water and Wastewater,” #380-75WE, February 1976
(referred to as “Technicon Methods: Method #380-75WE”). See
40 CFR 141.23(k)(1), footnote 11 (2002) (2003).
EM Science (an affiliate of Merck KGgA, Darmstadt, Germany), 480 S.
Democrat Road, Gibbstown, NJ 08027–1297. Telephone: 800-222–0342.
E-mail: adellenbusch@emscience.com.
“Chromocult Coliform Agar Presence/Absence Membrane Filter
Test Method for Detection and Identification of Coliform Bacteria
and
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli in Finished Waters,”,
November 2000, Version 1.0
.
“Readycult Coliforms 100 Presence/Absence Test for Detection
and Identification of Coliform Bacteria and
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli in Finished Waters,”, November 2000, Version
1.0.
ERDA Health and Safety Laboratory, New York, NY.
HASL Procedure Manual, HASL 300, 1973. See 40 CFR
141.25(b)(2) (2002) (2003).
Great Lakes Instruments, Inc., 8855 North 55th Street, Milwaukee, WI
53223.
GLI Method 2, “Turbidity,” Nov. 2, 1992.
The Hach Company, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539-0389. Phone:
800-227-4224.
44
“Lead in Drinking Water by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping
Voltammetry,” Method 1001, August 1999.
“Determination of Turbidity by Laser Nephelometry,” January
2000, Revision 2.0 (referred to as “Hach FilterTrak Method
10133”).
IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., One IDEXX Drive, Westbrook, Maine 04092.
Telephone: 800-321–0207.
“IDEXX SimPlate TM HPC Test Method for Heterotrophs in
Water,” November 2000.
Lachat Instruments, 6645 W. Mill Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53218. Phone:
414–358–4200.
“Digestion and distillation of total cyanide in drinking and
wastewaters using MICRO DIST and determination of cyanide by
flow injection analysis,”, Revision 2.1, November 30, 2000
(referred to as “QuikChem Method 10-204-00-1-X”).
Millipore Corporation, Technical Services Department, 80 Ashby Road,
Milford, MA 01730 800-654-5476.
Colisure Presence/Absence Test for Detection and Identification of
Coliform Bacteria and Escherichia Coli in Drinking Water,
February 28, 1994 (referred to as “Colisure Test”).
NCRP. National Council on Radiation Protection, 7910 Woodmont Ave.,
Bethesda, MD 301-657-2652.
“Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible
Concentrations of Radionuclides in Air and in Water for
Occupational Exposure,” NCRP Report Number 22, June 5, 1959.
NSF. National Sanitation Foundation International, 3475 Plymouth Road,
PO Box 130140, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140, 734-769-8010.
NSF Standard 61, section 9, November 1998.
NTIS. National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of
Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161, 703-487-4600
or 800-553-6847.
“Interim Radiochemical Methodology for Drinking Water,” EPA
45
600/4-75-008 (revised), March 1976 (referred to as “USEPA
Interim Radiochemical Methods”). (Pages 1, 4, 6, 9, 13, 16, 24,
29, 34)
“Kelada Automated Test Methods for Total Cyanide, Acid
Dissociable Cyanide, And Thiocyanate,”, Revision 1.2, August
2001, EPA # 821–B–01–009 (referred to as “Kaleda Kelada 01”).
“Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible
Concentrations of Radionuclides in Air and in Water for
Occupational Exposure,” NBS (National Bureau of Standards)
Handbook 69, as amended August 1963, U.S. Department of
Commerce.
Method 100.1, “Analytical Method for Determination of Asbestos
Fibers in Water,” EPA-600/4-83-043, September 1983, Doc. No.
PB83-260471 (referred to as “USEPA Asbestos Methods-100.1”).
Method 100.2, “Determination of Asbestos Structures over 10-mm
in Length in Drinking Water,” EPA-600/4-83-043, June 1994,
Doc. No. PB94-201902 (referred to as “USEPA Asbestos
Methods-100.2”).
“Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes,” March
1983, Doc. No. PB84-128677 (referred to as “USEPA Inorganic
Methods”). (Methods 150.1, 150.2, and 245.2, which formerly
appeared in this reference, are available from USEPA EMSL.)
“Methods for the Determination of Inorganic Substances in
Environmental Samples,” August 1993, PB94-120821 (referred to
as “USEPA Environmental Inorganic Methods”).
“Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental
Samples,” June 1991, Doc. No. PB91-231498 and “Methods for
the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples--
Supplement I,” May 1994, PB95-125472 (referred to as “USEPA
Environmental Metals Methods”).
“Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in
Drinking Water,” December 1988, revised July 1991, EPA-600/4-
88/039 (referred to as “USEPA Organic Methods”). (For methods
502.2, 505, 507, 508, 508A, 515.1, and 531.1.)
“Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in
Drinking Water--Supplement I,” July 1990, EPA/600-4-90-020
(referred to as “USEPA Organic Methods”). (For methods 506,
46
547, 550, 550.1, and 551.)
“Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in
Drinking Water--Supplement II,” August 1992, EPA-600/R-92-
129 (referred to as “USEPA Organic Methods”). (For methods
515.2, 524.2, 548.1, 549.1, 552.1, and 555.)
“Prescribed Procedures for Measurement of Radioactivity in
Drinking Water,” EPA 600/4-80-032, August 1980 (referred to as
“USEPA Radioactivity Methods”). (Methods 900, 901, 901.1, 902,
903, 903.1, 904, 905, 906, 908, 908.1)
“Procedures for Radiochemical Analysis of Nuclear Reactor
Aqueous Solutions,” H.L. Krieger and S. Gold, EPA-R4-73-014,
May 1973, Doc. No. PB222-154/7BA.
“Radiochemical Analytical Procedures for Analysis of
Environmental Samples,” March 1979, Doc. No. EMSL LV
053917 (referred to as “USEPA Radiochemical Analyses”).
(Pages 1, 19, 33, 65, 87, 92)
“Radiochemistry Procedures Manual,” EPA-520/5-84-006,
December 1987, Doc. No. PB-84-215581 (referred to as “USEPA
Radiochemistry Methods”). (Methods 00-01, 00-02, 00-07, H-02,
Ra-03, Ra-04, Ra-05, Sr-04)
“Technical Notes on Drinking Water Methods,” EPA-600/R-94-
173, October 1994, Doc. No. PB-104766 (referred to as “USEPA
Technical Notes”).
BOARD NOTE: USEPA made the following assertion with
regard to this reference at 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1) and 141.24(e) and
(n)(11) (2002) (2003): “This document contains other analytical
test procedures and approved analytical methods that remain
available for compliance monitoring until July 1, 1996.”
“Tetra- through Octa-Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans by Isotope
Dilution HRGC/HRMS,” October 1994, EPA-821-B-94-005
(referred to as “Dioxin and Furan Method 1613”).
New Jersey Department of Environment, Division of Environmental
Quality, Bureau of Radiation and Inorganic Analytical Services, 9 Ewing
Street, Trenton, NJ 08625.
“Determination of Radium 228 in Drinking Water,” August 1990.
47
New York Department of Health, Radiological Sciences Institute, Center
for Laboratories and Research, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201.
“Determination of Ra-226 and Ra-228 (Ra-02),” January 1980,
Revised June 1982.
Palintest, Ltd., 21 Kenton Lands Road, P.O. Box 18395, Erlanger, KY
800-835-9629.
“Lead in Drinking Water by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping
Voltammetry,” Method 1001, August 1999.
Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc., 410 Swing Road, Post Office Box 18300,
Greensboro, NC 27419. Telephone: 336-632–6000.
“Atrazine in Drinking Water by Immunoassay,” February 2001
(referred to as “Syngenta AG-625”).
United States Department of Energy, available at the Environmental
Measurements Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, 376 Hudson
Street, New York, NY 10014-3621.
“EML Procedures Manual,” 27th Edition, Volume 1, 1990.
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Ground Water
and Drinking Water, accessible on-line and available by download from
http://www.epa.gov/safewater/methods/
.
Method 515.4, “Determination of Chlorinated Acids in Drinking
Water by Liquid-Liquid Microextraction, Derivatization and Fast
Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection,” Revision
1.0, April 2000, EPA 815/B–00/001 (document file name
“met515_4.pdf”).
Method 531.2, “Measurement of N-methylcarbamoyloximes and
N-methylcarbamates in Water by Direct Aqueous Injection HPLC
with Postcolumn Derivatization,” Revision 1.0, September 2001,
EPA 815/B/01/002 (document file name “met531_2.pdf”).
United States Environmental Protection Agency, EMSL, Cincinnati, OH
45268 513-569-7586.
“Interim Radiochemical Methodology for Drinking Water,” EPA-
600/4-75-008 (referred to as “Radiochemical Methods”).
(Revised) March 1976.
48
“Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in
Finished Drinking Water and Raw Source Water” (referred to as
“USEPA Organic Methods”). (For methods 504.1, 508.1, and
525.2 only.) See NTIS.
“Procedures for Radiochemical Analysis of Nuclear Reactor
Aqueous Solutions.” See NTIS.
USEPA, Science and Technology Branch, Criteria and Standards
Division, Office of Drinking Water, Washington, D.C. 20460.
“Guidance Manual for Compliance with the Filtration and
Disinfection Requirements for Public Water Systems using Surface
Water Sources,” October 1989.
USGS. Books and Open-File Reports Section, United States Geological
Survey, Federal Center, Box 25286, Denver, CO 80225-0425.
Methods available upon request by method number from “Methods
for Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water
Quality Laboratory--Determination of Inorganic and Organic
Constituents in Water and Fluvial Sediments,” Open File Report
93-125, 1993, or Book 5, Chapter A-1, “Methods for
Determination of Inorganic Substances in Water and Fluvial
Sediments,” 3rd ed., Open-File Report 85-495, 1989, as
appropriate (referred to as “USGS Methods”).
I-1030-85
I-1062-85
I-1601-85
I-1700-85
I-2598-85
I-2601-90
I-2700-85
I-3300-85
Methods available upon request by method number from “Methods
for Determination of Radioactive Substances in Water and Fluvial
Sediments,” Chapter A5 in Book 5 of “Techniques of Water-
49
Resources Investigations of the United States Geological Survey,”
1997.
R-1110-76
R-1111-76
R-1120-76
R-1140-76
R-1141-76
R-1142-76
R-1160-76
R-1171-76
R-1180-76
R-1181-76
R-1182-76
Waters Corporation, Technical Services Division, 34 Maple St., Milford,
MA 01757 800-252-4752.
“Waters Test Method for Determination of Nitrite/Nitrate in Water
Using Single Column Ion Chromatography,” Method B-1011,
August 1987 (referred to as “Waters Method B-1011”).
c) The Board incorporates the following federal regulations by reference:
40 CFR 136, Appendices B and C (2002) (2003).
d) This Part incorporates no later amendments or editions.
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.110 Special Exception Permits
a) Unless otherwise specified, each Agency determination in this Part is to be made
by way of a written permit pursuant to Section 39(a) of the Act [415 ILCS
5/39(a)]. Such permit is titled a “special exception” permit (“SEP”).
50
b) No person may cause or allow the violation of any condition of a SEP.
c) The supplier may appeal the denial of or the conditions of a SEP to the Board
pursuant to Section 40 of the Act [415 ILCS 5/40].
d) A SEP may be initiated in either of the following ways:
1) By an application filed by the supplier; or
2) By the Agency, when authorized by Board regulations.
BOARD NOTE: The Board does not intend to mandate by any provision
of this Part that the Agency exercise its discretion and initiate a SEP
pursuant to this subsection (d)(2). Rather, the Board intends to clarify by
this subsection (d)(2) that the Agency may opt to initiate a SEP without
receiving a request from the supplier.
e) The Agency must evaluate a request for a SEP from the monitoring requirements
of Section 611.601, 611.602, or 611.603 (IOCs, excluding the Section 611.603
monitoring frequency requirements for cyanide); Section 611.646(e) and (f)
(Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs); Section 611.646(d), only as to initial
monitoring for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene; Section 611.648(d) (for Phase II, Phase
IIB, and Phase V SOCs); or Section 611.510 (for unregulated organic
contaminants) on the basis of knowledge of previous use (including transport,
storage, or disposal) of the contaminant in the watershed or zone of influence of
the system, as determined pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 671.
BOARD NOTE: The Agency must grant a SEP from the Section 611.603
monitoring frequency requirements for cyanide only on the basis of subsection (g)
of this Section, not on the basis of this subsection (e).
1) If the Agency determines that there was no prior use of the contaminant, it
must grant the SEP; or
2) If the contaminant was previously used or the previous use was unknown,
the Agency must consider the following factors:
A) Previous analytical results;
B) The proximity of the system to any possible point source of
contamination (including spills or leaks at or near a water
treatment facility; at manufacturing, distribution, or storage
facilities; from hazardous and municipal waste land fills; or from
waste handling or treatment facilities) or non-point source of
contamination (including the use of pesticides and other land
application uses of the contaminant);
51
C) The environmental persistence and transport of the contaminant;
D) How well the water source is protected against contamination,
including whether it is a SWS or a GWS.
i) A GWS must consider well depth, soil type, well casing
integrity, and wellhead protection; and
ii) A SWS must consider watershed protection;
E) For Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs and unregulated
organic contaminants (pursuant to Section 611.631 or 611.648), as
follows:
i) Elevated nitrate levels at the water source; and
ii) The use of PCBs in equipment used in the production,
storage, or distribution of water (including pumps,
transformers, etc.); and
F) For Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs (pursuant to Section
611.646): the number of persons served by the PWS and the
proximity of a smaller system to a larger one.
f) If a supplier refuses to provide any necessary additional information requested by
the Agency, or if a supplier delivers any necessary information late in the
Agency’s deliberations on a request, the Agency may deny the requested SEP or
grant the SEP with conditions within the time allowed by law.
g) The Agency must grant a supplier a SEP that allows it to discontinue monitoring
for cyanide if it determines that the supplier’s water is not vulnerable due to a
lack of any industrial source of cyanide.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (e) of this Section is derived from 40 CFR
141.24(f)(8) and (h)(6) (2002) (2003). Subsection (f) of this Section is derived
from 40 CFR 141.82(d)(2), and 141.83(b)(2) (2002) (2003). Subsection (g) is
derived from 40 CFR 141.23(c)(2) (2002) (2003). USEPA has reserved the
discretion, at 40 CFR 142.18 (2002) (2003), to review and nullify Agency
determinations of the types made pursuant to Sections 611.510, 611.602, 611.603,
611.646, and 611.648 and the discretion, at 40 CFR 141.82(i), 141.83(b)(7), and
142.19 (2002) (2003), to establish federal standards for any supplier, superseding
any Agency determination made pursuant to Sections 611.352(d), 611.352(f),
611.353(b)(2), and 611.353(b)(4).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
52
Section 611.125 Fluoridation Requirement
All CWSs that are required to add fluoride to the water must maintain a fluoride ion
concentration, reported as F, of 0.9 to 1.2 mg/1 mg/
ℓ
in its distribution system, as required by
Section 7a of the Public Water Supply Regulation Act [415 ILCS 40/7a].
BOARD NOTE: This is an additional State requirement.
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.130 Special Requirements for Certain Variances and Adjusted Standards
a)
Relief from the TTHM MCL.
1)
In granting any variance or adjusted standard to a supplier that is a CWS
that adds a disinfectant at any part of treatment and which provides water
to 10,000 or more persons on a regular basis from the maximum
contaminant level for TTHM listed in Section 611.310(c), the Board will
require application of the best available technology (BAT) identified at
subsection (a)(4) of this Section for that constituent as a condition to the
relief, unless the supplier has demonstrated through comprehensive
engineering assessments that application of BAT is not technically
appropriate and technically feasible for that system or that the application
would only result in a marginal reduction in TTHM for that supplier.
2)
The Board will require the following as a condition for relief from the
TTHM MCL where it does not require the application of BAT:
A)
That the supplier continue to investigate the following methods as
an alternative means of significantly reducing the level of TTHM,
according to a definite schedule:
i)
The introduction of off-line water storage for THM
precursor reduction;
ii)
Aeration for TTHM reduction, where geography and
climate allow;
iii)
The introduction of clarification, where not presently
practiced;
iv)
The use of alternative sources of raw water; and
v)
The use of ozone as an alternative or supplemental
disinfectant or oxidant; and
53
B)
That the supplier report results of that investigation to the Agency.
3)
The Agency must petition the Board to reconsider or modify a variance or
adjusted standard, pursuant to Subpart I of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 101, if it
determines that an alternative method identified by the supplier pursuant
to subsection (a)(2) of this Section is technically feasible and would result
in a significant reduction in TTHM.
4)
Best available technology for TTHM reduction is as follows:
A)
The use of chloramines as an alternative or supplemental
disinfectant;
B)
The use of chlorine dioxide as an alternative or supplemental
disinfectant; or
C)
Improved existing clarification for THM precursor reduction.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a) derived from 40 CFR 142.60 (2002).
ba) Relief from the fluoride MCL.
1) In granting any variance or adjusted standard to a supplier that is a CWS
from the maximum contaminant level for fluoride listed in Section
611.301(b), the Board will require application of the best available
technology (BAT) identified at subsection (b)(4) (a)(4) of this Section for
that constituent as a condition to the relief, unless the supplier has
demonstrated through comprehensive engineering assessments that
application of BAT is not technically appropriate and technically feasible
for that supplier.
2) The Board will require the following as a condition for relief from the
fluoride MCL where it does not require the application of BAT:
A) That the supplier continue to investigate the following methods as
an alternative means of significantly reducing the level of fluoride,
according to a definite schedule:
i) A modification of lime softening;
ii) Alum coagulation;
iii) Electrodialysis;
iv) Anion exchange resins;
54
v) Well field management;
vi) The use of alternative sources of raw water; and
vii) Regionalization; and
B) That the supplier report results of that investigation to the Agency.
3) The Agency must petition the Board to reconsider or modify a variance or
adjusted standard, pursuant to Subpart I of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 101, if it
determines that an alternative method identified by the supplier pursuant
to subsection (b)(2) (a)(2) of this Section is technically feasible and would
result in a significant reduction in fluoride.
4) Best available technology for fluoride reduction is as follows:
A) Activated alumina absorption centrally applied; and
B) Reverse osmosis centrally applied.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (ba) derived from 40 CFR 142.61 (2002) (2003).
cb) Relief from an IOC, VOC, or SOC MCL.
1) In granting to a supplier that is a CWS or NTNCWS any variance or
adjusted standard from the maximum contaminant levels for any VOC or
SOC, listed in Section 611.311(a) or (c), or for any IOC, listed in Section
611.301, the supplier must have first applied the best available technology
(BAT) identified at Section 611.311(b) (VOCs and SOCs) or Section
611.301(c) (IOCs) for that constituent, unless the supplier has
demonstrated through comprehensive engineering assessments that
application of BAT would achieve only a minimal and insignificant
reduction in the level of contaminant.
BOARD NOTE: USEPA lists BAT for each SOC and VOC at 40 CFR
142.62(a), for the purposes of variances and exemptions (adjusted
standards). That list is identical to the list at 40 CFR 141.61(b).
2) The Board may require any of the following as a condition for relief from
an MCL listed in Section 611.301 or 611.311:
A) That the supplier continue to investigate alternative means of
compliance according to a definite schedule; and
B) That the supplier report results of that investigation to the Agency.
55
3) The Agency must petition the Board to reconsider or modify a variance or
adjusted standard, pursuant to Subpart I of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 101, if it
determines that an alternative method identified by the supplier pursuant
to subsection (c)(2) (b)(2) of this Section is technically feasible.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (cb) derived from 40 CFR 142.62(a) through (e)
(2002) (2003).
dc) Conditions requiring use of bottled water, a point-of-use treatment device, or a
point-of-entry treatment device. In granting any variance or adjusted standard
from the maximum contaminant levels for organic and inorganic chemicals or an
adjusted standard from the treatment technique for lead and copper, the Board
may impose certain conditions requiring the use of bottled water, a point-of-entry
treatment device, or a point-of-use treatment device to avoid an unreasonable risk
to health, limited as provided in subsections (e) and (f) (d) and (e) of this Section.
1) Relief from an MCL. The Board may, when granting any variance or
adjusted standard from the MCL requirements of Sections 611.301 and
611.311, impose a condition that requires a supplier to use bottled water, a
point-of-entry treatment device, a point-of-use treatment device, or other
means to avoid an unreasonable risk to health.
2) Relief from corrosion control treatment. The Board may, when granting
an adjusted standard from the corrosion control treatment requirements for
lead and copper of Sections 611.351 and 611.352, impose a condition that
requires a supplier to use bottled water, a point-of-use treatment device, or
other means, but not a point-of-entry treatment device, to avoid an
unreasonable risk to health.
3) Relief from source water treatment or service line replacement. The
Board may, when granting an exemption from the source water treatment
and lead service line replacement requirements for lead and copper under
Sections 611.353 or 611.354, impose a condition that requires a supplier
to use a point-of-entry treatment device to avoid an unreasonable risk to
health.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (dc) derived from 40 CFR 142.62(f) (2002) (2003).
ed) Use of bottled water. Suppliers that propose to use or use bottled water as a
condition for receiving a variance or an adjusted standard from the requirements
of Section 611.301 or Section 611.311 or an adjusted standard from the
requirements of Sections 611.351 through 611.354 must meet the requirements of
either subsections (e)(1), (e)(2), (e)(3), and (e)(6) or (e)(4), (e)(5), and (e)(6)
(d)(1), (d)(2), (d)(3), and (d)(6) or (d)(4), (d)(5), and (d)(6) of this Section.
56
1) The supplier must develop a monitoring program for Board approval that
provides reasonable assurances that the bottled water meets all MCLs of
Sections 611.301 and 611.311 and submit a description of this program as
part of its petition. The proposed program must describe how the supplier
will comply with each requirement of this subsection (e) (d).
2) The supplier must monitor representative samples of the bottled water for
all contaminants regulated under Sections 611.301 and 611.311 during the
first three-month period that it supplies the bottled water to the public, and
annually thereafter.
3) The supplier must annually provide the results of the monitoring program
to the Agency.
4) The supplier must receive a certification from the bottled water company
as to each of the following:
A) that the bottled water supplied has been taken from an approved
source of bottled water, as such is defined in Section 611.101;
B) that the approved source of bottled water has conducted
monitoring in accordance with 21 CFR 129.80(g)(1) through
(g)(3);
C) and that the bottled water does not exceed any MCLs or quality
limits as set out in 21 CFR 103.35, 110, and 129.
5) The supplier must provide the certification required by subsection (e)(4)
(d)(4) of this Section to the Agency during the first quarter after it begins
supplying bottled water and annually thereafter.
6) The supplier must assure the provision of sufficient quantities of bottled
water to every affected person supplied by the supplier via door-to-door
bottled water delivery.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (ed) derived from 40 CFR 142.62(g) (2002) (2003).
fe) Use of a point-of-entry treatment device. Before the Board grants any PWS a
variance or adjusted standard from any NPDWR that includes a condition
requiring the use of a point-of-entry treatment device, the supplier must
demonstrate to the Board each of the following:
1) That the supplier will operate and maintain the device;
2) That the device provides health protection equivalent to that provided by
central treatment;
57
3) That the supplier will maintain the microbiological safety of the water at
all times;
4) That the supplier has established standards for performance, conducted a
rigorous engineering design review, and field tested the device;
5) That the operation and maintenance of the device will account for any
potential for increased concentrations of heterotrophic bacteria resulting
through the use of activated carbon, by backwashing, post-contactor
disinfection, and heterotrophic plate count monitoring;
6) That buildings connected to the supplier’s distribution system have
sufficient devices properly installed, maintained, and monitored to assure
that all consumers are protected; and
7) That the use of the device will not cause increased corrosion of lead and
copper bearing materials located between the device and the tap that could
increase contaminant levels at the tap.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (fe) derived from 40 CFR 142.62(h) (2002) (2003).
gf) Relief from the maximum contaminant levels for radionuclides (effective
December 8, 2003).
1) Relief from the maximum contaminant levels for combined radium-226
and radium-228, uranium, gross alpha particle activity (excluding radon
and uranium), and beta particle and photon radioactivity.
A) Section 611.330(g) sets forth what USEPA has identified as the
best available technology (BAT), treatment techniques, or other
means available for achieving compliance with the maximum
contaminant levels for the radionuclides listed in Section
611.330(b), (c), (d), and (e), for the purposes of issuing relief
equivalent to a federal section 1415 variance or a section 1416
exemption.
B) In addition to the technologies listed in Section 611.330(g),
Section 611.330(h) sets forth what USEPA has identified as the
BAT, treatment techniques, or other means available for achieving
compliance with the maximum contaminant levels for the
radionuclides listed in Section 611.330(b), (c), (d), and (e), for the
purposes of issuing relief equivalent to a federal section 1415
variance or a section 1416 exemption to small drinking water
systems, defined here as those serving 10,000 persons or fewer, as
shown in the second table set forth at Section 611.330(h).
58
2) The Board will require a CWS supplier to install and use any treatment
technology identified in Section 611.330(g), or in the case of small water
systems (those serving 10,000 persons or fewer), listed in Section
611.330(h), as a condition for granting relief equivalent to a federal
section 1415 variance or a section 1416 exemption, except as provided in
subsection (a)(3) (f)(3) of this Section. If, after the system’s installation of
the treatment technology, the system cannot meet the MCL, that system
will be eligible for relief.
3) If a CWS supplier can demonstrate through comprehensive engineering
assessments, which may include pilot plant studies, that the treatment
technologies identified in this Section would only achieve a de minimus
reduction in the contaminant level, the Board may issue a schedule of
compliance that requires the system being granted relief equivalent to a
federal section 1415 variance or a section 1416 exemption to examine
other treatment technologies as a condition of obtaining the relief.
4) If the Agency determines that a treatment technology identified under
subsection (a)(3) (f)(3) of this Section is technically feasible, it may
request that the Board require the supplier to install and use that treatment
technology in connection with a compliance schedule issued pursuant to
Section 36 of the Act [415 ILCS 5/36]. The Agency’s determination must
be based upon studies by the system and other relevant information.
5) The Board may require a CWS to use bottled water, point-of-use devices,
point-of-entry devices, or other means as a condition of granting relief
equivalent to a federal section 1415 variance or a section 1416 exemption
from the requirements of Section 611.330, to avoid an unreasonable risk to
health.
6) A CWS supplier that uses bottled water as a condition for receiving relief
equivalent to a federal section 1415 variance or a section 1416 exemption
from the requirements of Section 611.330 must meet the requirements
specified in either subsections (e)(1) through (e)(3) or (e)(4) through
(e)(6) (d)(1) through (d)(3) or (d)(4) through (d)(6) of this Section.
7) A CWS supplier that uses point-of-use or point-of-entry devices as a
condition for obtaining relief equivalent to a federal section 1415 variance
or a section 1416 exemption from the radionuclides NPDWRs must meet
the conditions in subsections (g)(1) through (g)(6) (e)(1) through (e)(6) of
this Section.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (gf) derived from 40 CFR 142.65 (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
59
SUBPART B: FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION
Section 611.211 Filtration Required
The Agency must determine that filtration is required unless the PWS meets the following
criteria:
a) Source water quality criteria:
1) Coliforms, see Section 611.231(a)
2) Turbidity, see Section 611.231(b)
b)
Site-specfic Site-specific criteria:
1) Disinfection, see Section 611.241(b)
2) Watershed control, see Section 611.232(b)
3) On-site inspection, see Section 611.232(c)
4) Absence of waterborne disease outbreaks, see Section 611.232(d)
5) Total coliform MCL, see Sections 611.232(e) and 611.325
6)
TTHMs MCL, see Section 611.310
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.71 2002 (2003) and from the preamble discussion at
54 Fed. Reg. 27505 (June 29, 1989).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.230 Filtration Effective Dates
a) A supplier that uses a surface water source must meet all of the conditions of
Section 611.231 and 611.232, and is subject to Section 611.233, beginning
December 30, 1991, unless the Agency has determined that filtration is required.
b) A supplier that uses a groundwater source under the direct influence of surface
water must meet all of the conditions of Section 611.231 and 611.232, and is
subject to Section 611.233, beginning 18 months after the Agency determines that
it is under the direct influence of surface water, or December 30, 1991, whichever
is later, unless the Agency has determined that filtration is required.
c) If the Agency determines determined, before December 30, 1991, that filtration is
60
required, the system must have installed filtration and must meet have met the
criteria for filtered systems specified in Section 611.242 and Section 611.250 by
June 29, 1993.
d) Within 18 months of the failure of a system using surface water or a groundwater
source under the direct influence of surface water to meet any one of the
requirements of Sections 611.231 and 611.232, or after June 29, 1993, whichever
is later, the system must have installed filtration and meet the criteria for filtered
systems specified in Sections 611.242 and 611.250.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.71 preamble (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.232 Site-Specific Conditions
The Agency must consider the following site specific criteria in determining whether to require
filtration pursuant to Section 611.211:
a) Disinfection.
1) The supplier must meet the requirements of Section 611.241(a) at least 11
of the 12 previous months that the system served water to the public, on an
ongoing basis, unless the system fails to meet the requirements during 2 of
the 12 previous months that the system served water to the public, and the
Agency determines that at least one of these failures was caused by
circumstances that were unusual and unpredictable.
2) The supplier must meet the following requirements at the times specified
for each:
A) The requirements of Section 611.241(b)(1) at all times the system
serves water to the public; and
B) The requirements of Section 611.241(b)(2) at all times the system
serves water to the public, unless the Agency determines that any
such failure was caused by circumstances that were unusual and
unpredictable.
3) The supplier must meet the requirements of Section 611.241(c) at all times
the system serves water to the public, unless the Agency determines that
any such failure was caused by circumstances that were unusual and
unpredictable.
4) The supplier must meet the requirements of Section 611.241(d) on an
ongoing basis, unless the Agency determines that failure to meet these
61
requirements was not caused by a deficiency in treatment of the source
water.
b) Watershed control program. The supplier must maintain a watershed control
program that minimizes the potential for contamination by Giardia lamblia cysts
and viruses in the source water.
1) The Agency must determine whether the watershed control program is
adequate to meet this goal. The Agency must determine the adequacy of a
watershed control program based on the following:
A) The comprehensiveness of the watershed review;
B) The effectiveness of the supplier’s program to monitor and control
detrimental activities occurring in the watershed; and
C) The extent to which the water supplier has maximized land
ownership or controlled the land use within the watershed. At a
minimum, the watershed control program must do the following:
i) Characterize the watershed hydrology and land ownership;
ii) Identify watershed characteristics and activities that may
have an adverse effect on source water quality; and
iii) Monitor the occurrence of activities that may have an
adverse effect on source water quality.
2) The supplier must demonstrate through ownership or written agreements
with landowners within the watershed that it can control all human
activities that may have an adverse impact on the microbiological quality
of the source water. The supplier must submit an annual report to the
Agency that identifies any special concerns about the watershed and how
they are being handled; describes activities in the watershed that affect
water quality; and projects what adverse activities are expected to occur in
the future and describes how the supplier expects to address them. For
systems using a groundwater source under the direct influence of surface
water, an approved wellhead protection program may be used, if
appropriate, to meet these requirements.
c) On-site inspection. The supplier must be subject to an annual on-site inspection
to assess the watershed control program and disinfection treatment process. The
Agency must conduct the inspection. A report of the on-site inspection
summarizing all findings must be prepared every year. The on-site inspection
must demonstrate that the watershed control program and disinfection treatment
process are adequately designed and maintained. The on-site inspection must
62
include the following:
1) A review of the effectiveness of the watershed control program;
2) A review of the physical condition of the source intake and how well it is
protected;
3) A review of the supplier’s equipment maintenance program to ensure
there is low probability for failure of the disinfection process;
4) An inspection of the disinfection equipment for physical deterioration;
5) A review of operating procedures;
6) A review of data records to ensure that all required tests are being
conducted and recorded and disinfection is effectively practiced; and
7) Identification of any improvements that are needed in the equipment,
system maintenance, and operation or data collection.
d) Absence of waterborne disease outbreaks. The PWS must not have been
identified as a source of a waterborne disease outbreak, or if it has been so
identified, the system must have been modified sufficiently to prevent another
such occurrence.
e) Total coliform MCL. The supplier must comply with the MCL for total coliforms
in Section 611.325 at least 11 months of the 12 previous months that the system
served water to the public, on an ongoing basis, unless the Agency determines
that failure to meet this requirement was not caused by a deficiency in treatment
of the source water.
f) TTHM MCL. The supplier must comply with the MCL for TTHM in Section
611.310. The PWS must comply with the requirements for trihalomethanes until
December 31, 2001. After December 31, 2001, the supplier must comply with the
requirements for total trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids (five), bromate, chlorite,
chlorine, chloramines, and chlorine dioxide in Subpart I of this Part.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.71(b) (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.240 Disinfection
a) A supplier that uses a surface water source and does not provide filtration
treatment must provide the disinfection treatment specified in Section 611.241
beginning December 30, 1991.
63
b) A supplier that uses a groundwater source under the influence of surface water
and does not provide filtration treatment must provide disinfection treatment
specified in Section 611.241 beginning December 30, 1991, or 18 months after
the Agency determines that the groundwater source is under the influence of
surface water, whichever is later, unless the Agency has determined that filtration
is required.
c) If the Agency determines that filtration is required, the Agency may, by a SEP
issued pursuant to Section 611.110, require the supplier to comply with interim
disinfection requirements before filtration is installed.
d) A system that uses a surface water source that provides filtration treatment must
provide the disinfection treatment specified in Section 611.242 beginning June
29, 1993, or beginning when filtration is installed, whichever is later.
e) A system that uses a groundwater source under the direct influence of surface
water and provides filtration treatment must provide have provided disinfection
treatment as specified in Section 611.242 by June 29, 1993 or beginning when
filtration is installed, whichever is later.
f) Failure to meet any requirement of the following Sections after the applicable
date specified in this Section is a treatment technique violation.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.72 preamble (2002) (2003).
g) CWS suppliers using groundwater that is not under the direct influence of surface
water must chlorinate the water before it enters the distribution system, unless the
Agency has granted the supplier an exemption pursuant to Section 17(b) of the
Act [415 ILCS 5/17(b)].
1) All GWS supplies that are required to chlorinate pursuant to this Section
must maintain residuals of free or combined chlorine at levels sufficient to
provide adequate protection of human health and the ability of the
distribution system to continue to deliver potable water that complies with
the requirements of this Part.
2) The Agency may establish procedures and levels for chlorination
applicable to a GWS using groundwater that is not under the direct
influence of surface water by a SEP pursuant to Section 610.110.
3) Those supplies having hand-pumped wells and no distribution system are
exempted from the requirements of this Section.
BOARD NOTE: This is an additional State requirement originally codified at 35
Ill. Adm. Code 604.401.
64
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.241 Unfiltered PWSs
Each supplier that does not provide filtration treatment must provide disinfection treatment as
follows:
a) The disinfection treatment must be sufficient to ensure at least 99.9 percent (3-
log) inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts and 99.99 percent (4-log) inactivation of
viruses, every day the system serves water to the public, except any one day each
month. Each day a system serves water to the public, the supplier must calculate
the CT99.9 values value from the system’s treatment parameters using the
procedure specified in Section 611.532(c) and determine whether this values
value is sufficient to achieve the specified inactivation rates for Giardia lamblia
cysts and viruses.
1) If a system uses a disinfectant other than chlorine, the system may
demonstrate to the Agency, through the use of an Agency-approved
protocol for on-site disinfection challenge studies or other information,
that CT99.9 values other than those specified in Appendix B of this Part,
Tables 2.1 and 3.1 or other operational parameters are adequate to
demonstrate that the system is achieving minimum inactivation rates
required by this subsection.
2) The demonstration must be made by way of a SEP application pursuant to
Section 611.110.
b) The disinfection system must have either of the following:
1) Redundant components, including an auxiliary power supply with
automatic start-up and alarm to ensure that disinfectant application is
maintained continuously while water is being delivered to the distribution
system; or
2) Automatic shut-off of delivery of water to the distribution system
whenever there is less than 0.2 mg/
ℓ
of RDC in the water. If the Agency
determines, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, that automatic
shut-off would cause unreasonable risk to health or interfere with fire
protection, the system must comply with subsection (b)(1).
c) The RDC in the water entering the distribution system, measured as specified in
Sections 611.531(e) and 611.532(e), cannot be less than 0.2 mg/
ℓ
for more than 4
hours.
d) RDC in the distribution system.
65
1)
The RDC in the distribution system, measured as total chlorine, combined
chlorine or chlorine dioxide, as specified in Sections 611.531(e) and
611.532(f), cannot be undetectable in more than 5 percent of the samples
each month for any two consecutive months that the system serves water
to the public. Water in the distribution system with HPC less than or
equal to 500/ml, measured as specified in Section 611.531(c), is deemed
to have a detectable RDC for purposes of determining compliance with
this requirement. Thus, the value “V” in the following formula cannot
exceed 5 percent in one month, for any two consecutive months.
(
)
(
)
b
a
e
d
c
100
V
+
+
+
=
where the terms mean the following:
a =
Number of instances where the RDC is measured;
b =
Number of instances where the RDC is not measured, but
HPC is measured;
c =
Number of instances where the RDC is measured but not
detected and no HPC is measured;
d =
Number of instances where the RDC is measured but not
detected, and where the HPC is greater than 500/ml; and
e =
Number of instances where the RDC is not measured and
HPC is greater than 500/ml.
2)
Subsection (d)(1) does not apply if the Agency determines, pursuant to
Section 611.213, that a supplier has no means for having a sample
analyzed for HPC.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.72(a) (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.242
Filtered PWSs
Each supplier that provides filtration treatment must provide disinfection treatment as follows:
a)
The disinfection treatment must be sufficient to ensure that the total treatment
processes of that system achieve at least 99.9 percent (3-log) inactivation or
removal of Giardia lamblia cysts and at least 99.99 percent (4-log) inactivation or
66
removal of viruses.
b) The RDC in the water entering the distribution system, measured as specified in
Section 611.531(e) and 611.533(b), cannot be less than 0.2 mg/
ℓ
for more than 4
hours.
c) RDC in the distribution system.
1) The RDC in the distribution system, measured as total chlorine, combined
chlorine, or chlorine dioxide, as specified in Section 611.531(e) and
611.533(c), cannot be undetectable in more than 5 percent of the samples
each month, for any two consecutive months that the system serves water
to the public. Water in the distribution system with HPC less than or
equal to 500/ml, measured as specified in Section 611.531(c), is deemed
to have a detectable RDC for purposes of determining compliance with
this requirement. Thus, the value “V” in the following formula cannot
exceed 5 percent in one month, for any two consecutive months.
V = 100(c + d + e) / (a + b)
where the terms mean the following:
a = Number of instances where the RDC is measured.;
b = Number of instances where the RDC is not measured, but
HPC is measured.;
c = Number of instances where the RDC is measured but not
detected and no HPC is measured.;
d = Number of instances where the RDC is measured but not
detected, and where HPC is greater than 500/ml; and
e = Number of instances where the RDC is not measured and
HPC is greater than 500/ml.
2) Subsection (c)(1) does not apply if the Agency determines, pursuant to
Section 611.213, that a supplier has no means for having a sample
analyzed for HPC.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.72(b) (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
67
Section 611.250 Filtration
A supplier that uses a surface water source or a groundwater source under the direct influence of
surface water, and does not meet all of the criteria in Sections 611.231 and 611.232 for avoiding
filtration, must provide have provided treatment consisting of both disinfection, as specified in
Section 611.242, and filtration treatment that complies with the requirements of subsection (a),
(b), (c), (d), or (e) by June 29, 1993, or within 18 months after the failure to meet any one of the
criteria for avoiding filtration in Sections 611.231 and 611.232, whichever is later. Failure to
meet any requirement after the date specified in this introductory paragraph is a treatment
technique violation.
a) Conventional filtration treatment or direct filtration.
1) For a system using conventional filtration or direct filtration, the turbidity
level of representative samples of the system’s filtered water must be less
than or equal to 0.5 NTU in at least 95 percent of the measurements taken
each month, except that if the Agency determines, by a SEP issued
pursuant to Section 611.110, that the system is capable of achieving at
least 99.9 percent removal or inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts at some
turbidity level higher than 0.5 NTU in at least 95 percent of the
measurements taken each month, the Agency must substitute this higher
turbidity limit for that system. However, in no case may the Agency
approve a turbidity limit that allows more than 1 NTU in more than five
percent of the samples taken each month.
2) The turbidity level of representative samples of a system’s filtered water
must at no time exceed 5 NTU.
3) Beginning January 1, 2001, a supplier serving at least 10,000 or more
persons must meet the turbidity requirements of Section 611.743(a).
4) Beginning January 1, 2005, a supplier that serves fewer than 10,000
people must meet the turbidity requirements in Section 611.955.
b) Slow sand filtration.
1) For a system using slow sand filtration, the turbidity level of
representative samples of the system’s filtered water must be less than or
equal to 1 NTU in at least 95 percent of the measurements taken each
month, except that if the Agency determines, by a SEP issued pursuant to
Section 611.110, that there is no significant interference with disinfection
at a higher level, the Agency must substitute the higher turbidity limit for
that system.
2) The turbidity level of representative samples of a system’s filtered water
must at no time exceed 5 NTU.
68
c) Diatomaceous earth filtration.
1) For a system using diatomaceous earth filtration, the turbidity level of
representative samples of the system’s filtered water must be less than or
equal to 1 NTU in at least 95 percent of the measurements taken each
month.
2) The turbidity level of representative samples of a system’s filtered water
must at no time exceed 5 NTU.
d) Other filtration technologies. A supplier may use a filtration technology not listed
in subsections (a) through (c) if it demonstrates, by a SEP application pursuant to
Section 611.110, to the Agency, using pilot plant studies or other means, that the
alternative filtration technology, in combination with disinfection treatment that
meets the requirements of Section 611.242, consistently achieves 99.9 percent
removal or inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts and 99.99 percent removal or
inactivation of viruses. For a supplier that makes this demonstration, the
requirements of subsection (b) apply. Beginning January 1, 2002, a supplier
serving 10,000 or more persons must meet the requirements for other filtration
technologies in Section 611.743(b). Beginning January 1, 2005, a supplier that
serves fewer than 10,000 people must meet the requirements for other filtration
technologies in Section 611.955.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.73 (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.276 Recycle Provisions
a) Applicability. A Subpart B system supplier that employs conventional filtration
or direct filtration treatment and which recycles spent filter backwash water,
thickener supernatant, or liquids from dewatering processes must meet the
requirements in subsections (b) through (d) of this Section.
b) Reporting. A supplier must notify have notified the Agency in writing by
December 8, 2003, if the supplier recycles spent filter backwash water, thickener
supernatant, or liquids from dewatering processes. This notification must include,
at a minimum, the information specified in subsections (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this
Section, as follows:
1) A plant schematic showing the origin of all flows that are recycled
(including, but not limited to, spent filter backwash water, thickener
supernatant, and liquids from dewatering processes), the hydraulic
conveyance used to transport them, and the location where they are re-
introduced back into the treatment plant.
69
2) Typical recycle flow in gallons per minute (gpm), the highest observed
plant flow experienced in the previous year (gpm), design flow for the
treatment plant (gpm), and Agency-approved operating capacity for the
plant where the Agency has made such a determination.
c) Treatment technique requirement. Any supplier that recycles spent filter
backwash water, thickener supernatant, or liquids from dewatering processes must
return these flows through the processes of the supplier’s existing conventional or
direct filtration system, as defined in Section 611.101, or at an alternative location
approved by a permit issued by the Agency by June 8, 2004. If capital
improvements are required to modify the recycle location to meet this
requirement, all capital improvements must be completed no later than June 8,
2006.
d) Recordkeeping. The supplier must collect and retain on file recycle flow
information specified in subsections (d)(1) through (d)(6) of this Section for
review and evaluation by the Agency beginning June 8, 2004, as follows:
1) A copy of the recycle notification and information submitted to the State
under subsection (b) of this Section.
2) A list of all recycle flows and the frequency with which they are returned.
3) The average and maximum backwash flow rate through the filters and the
average and maximum duration of the filter backwash process in minutes.
4) The typical filter run length and a written summary of how filter run
length is determined.
5) The type of treatment provided for the recycle flow.
6) Data on the physical dimensions of the equalization or treatment units,
typical and maximum hydraulic loading rates, type of treatment chemicals
used and average dose and frequency of use, and frequency at which
solids are removed, if applicable.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.76 (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
SUBPART C: USE OF NON-CENTRALIZED TREATMENT DEVICES
Section 611.290 Use of Point-of-Use Devices or Bottled Water
a) Suppliers must not use bottled water to achieve compliance with an MCL.
70
b) Bottled water or point-of-use devices may be used on a temporary basis to avoid
an unreasonable risk to health pursuant to a SEP granted by the Agency under
Section 611.110.
c) Any use of bottled water must comply with the substantive requirements of
Section 611.130(ed), except that the supplier must submit its quality control plan
for Agency review as part of its SEP request, rather than for Board review.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.101 (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
SUBPART F: MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS (MCLs) AND
MAXIMUM RESIDUAL DISINFECTANT LEVELS (MRDLs)
Section 611.301 Revised MCLs for Inorganic Chemical Contaminants
a) This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.62(a), reserved by USEPA. This
statement maintains structural consistency with USEPA rules.
b) The MCLs in the following table apply to CWSs. Except for fluoride, the MCLs
also apply to NTNCWSs. The MCLs for nitrate, nitrite, and total nitrate and
nitrite also apply to transient non-CWSs.
Contaminant MCL
Units
Antimony 0.006
mg/
ℓ
Arsenic (effective
January 23, 2006)
0.01
0.010
mg/
ℓ
Asbestos 7
MFL
Barium 2
mg/
ℓ
Beryllium 0.004
mg/
ℓ
Cadmium 0.005
mg/
ℓ
Chromium 0.1
mg/
ℓ
Cyanide (as free CN
-
) 0.2 mg/
ℓ
Fluoride 4.0
mg/
ℓ
Mercury 0.002
mg/
ℓ
Nitrate (as N)
10
mg/
ℓ
Nitrite (as N)
1
mg/
ℓ
Total Nitrate and Nitrite
(as N)
10 mg/
ℓ
Selenium 0.05
mg/
ℓ
Thallium 0.002
mg/
ℓ
BOARD NOTE: See Section 611.300(d) for an elevated nitrate level for
non-CWSs. USEPA removed and reserved the MCL for nickel on June
71
29, 1995, at 60 Fed. Reg. 33932, as a result of a judicial order in Nickel
Development Institute v. EPA, No. 92-1407, and Specialty Steel Industry
of the U.S. v. Browner, No. 92-1410 (D.C. Cir. Feb. 23 & Mar. 6, 1995),
while retaining the contaminant, analytical methodology, and detection
limit listings for this contaminant.
c) USEPA has identified the following as BAT for achieving compliance with the
MCL for the IOCs identified in subsection (b) of this Section, except for fluoride:
Contaminant BATs
Antimony C/F
RO
Arsenic
(BATs for
As
V
. Pre-
oxidation
may be
required to
convert As
III
to As
V
.)
AAL
C/F
IX
LIME
RO
ED
O/F (To obtain high removals, the iron to arsenic ratio
must be at least 20:1)
Asbestos C/F
DDF
CC
Barium IX
LIME
RO
ED
Beryllium AA
C/F
IX
LIME
RO
Cadmium C/F
IX
LIME
RO
72
Chromium C/F
IX
LIME, BAT for Cr
III
only
RO
Cyanide IX
RO
Cl2
Mercury
C/F, BAT only if influent Hg concentrations less than or
equal to (
≤
) 10 μg/
ℓ
GAC
LIME, BAT only if influent Hg concentrations
≤
less than
or equal to 10 μg/
ℓ
RO, BAT only if influent Hg concentrations
≤
less than or
equal to 10 μg/
ℓ
Nickel IX
LIME
RO
Nitrate IX
RO
ED
Nitrite IX
RO
Selenium AAL
C/F, BAT for Se
IV
only
LIME
RO
ED
Thallium AAL
IX
Abbreviations
AAL Activated alumina
C/F Coagulation/filtration (not BAT for a system that has fewer
than 500 service connections)
DDF Direct and diatomite filtration
GAC Granular activated carbon
IX Ion exchange
LIME Lime softening
73
RO Reverse osmosis
CC Corrosion control
ED Electrodialysis
Cl2 Oxidation (chlorine)
UV Ultraviolet irradiation
O/F Oxidation/filtration
d) At 40 CFR 141.62(d) (2002) (2003), USEPA identified the following as the
affordable technology, treatment technique, or other means available to systems
serving 10,000 persons or fewer for achieving compliance with the maximum
contaminant level for arsenic:
Small System Compliance Technologies (SSCTs)
1
for Arsenic
2
Small system compliance technology
Affordable for listed small system
categories
3
Activated alumina (centralized)
All size categories
Activated alumina (point-of-use)
4
All size categories
Coagulation/filtration
5
501-3,300 persons, 3,301-10,000 persons
Coagulation-assisted microfiltration
501-3,300 persons, 3,301-10,000 persons
Electrodialysis reversal
6
501-3,300 persons, 3,301-10,000 persons
Enhanced coagulation/filtration
All size categories
Enhanced lime softening (pH> 10.5)
All size categories
Ion exchange
All size categories
Lime softening
5
501-3,300 persons, 3,301-10,000 persons
Oxidation/filtration
7
All size categories
Reverse osmosis (centralized)
6
501-3,300 persons, 3,301-10,000 persons
Reverse osmosis (point-of-use)
4
All size categories
1
Section 1412(b)(4)(E)(ii) of the federal SDWA (42 USC 300g-1(b)(4)(E)(ii))
specifies that SSCTs must be affordable and technically feasible for a small
system supplier.
2
SSCTs for As
V
. Pre-oxidation may be required to convert As
III
to As
V
.
3
The federal SDWA specifies three categories of small system suppliers: (1)
those serving 25 or more, but fewer than 501 persons, (2) those serving more
than 500 but fewer than 3,301 persons, and (3) those serving more than 3,300
but fewer than 10,001 persons.
3
The federal SDWA specifies three categories of small system suppliers: (1)
those serving 25 or more, but fewer than 501, (2) those serving more than 500,
but fewer than 3,301, and (3) those serving more than 3,300, but fewer than
10,001.
4
When POU or POE devices are used for compliance, programs to ensure
proper long-term operation, maintenance, and monitoring must be provided by
74
the water supplier to ensure adequate performance.
5
Unlikely to be installed solely for arsenic removal. May require pH
adjustment to optimal range if high removals are needed.
6
Technologies reject a large volume of water--may not be appropriate for areas
where water quantity may be an issue.
7
To obtain high removals, iron to arsenic ratio must be at least 20:1.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.62 (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.310 Old Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for Organic Chemical
Contaminants
The following are the MCLs for organic chemical contaminants. The MCLs for organic
chemical contaminants in this Section apply to all CWSs. They are additional State
requirements. Compliance with the MCLs in subsections (a) and (b) is calculated pursuant to
Subpart O of this Part. Compliance with the MCL in subsection (c) is calculated pursuant to
Subpart P of this Part.
Contaminant
Level mg/
ℓ
Additional State
Requirement (*)
a)
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
Aldrin
0.001
*
DDT
0.05
*
Dieldrin
0.001
*
Heptachlor
0.0001
*
Heptachlor epoxide
0.0001
*
BOARD NOTE: Originally derived from 40 CFR 141.12(a)(1994), USEPA
removed the last entry in this subsection and marked it reserved at 57 Fed. Reg.
31838 (July 17, 1992). USEPA added another listing of organic MCLs at 40 CFR
141.61 (2002). Heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, and 2,4-D appear in both this
Section and in Section 611.311, with a different MCL in each Section. The
heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, and 2,4-D MCLs in this Section are Illinois
limitations that are more stringent than the federal requirements. However,
detection of these contaminants or violation of their federally-derived revised
Section 611.311 MCLs imposes more stringent monitoring, reporting, and notice
requirements.
b)
Chlorophenoxys
75
2,4-D
0.01
*
BOARD NOTE: Originally derived from 40 CFR 141.12(b) (2002), USEPA
removed the last entry in this subsection and marked it reserved at 56 Fed. Reg.
3578 (Jan. 30, 1991). See the preceding Board Note regarding the dual listing of
MCLs for 2,4-D.
c)
TTHM
0.10
*
1)
The MCL of 0.10 mg/
ℓ
for TTHM applies to a Subpart B CWS supplier
that serves 10,000 or more persons, until December 31, 2001.
2)
The MCL of 0.10 mg/
ℓ
for TTHM applies to a CWS supplier that uses
only groundwater not under the direct influence of surface water and
serves 10,000 or more persons, until December 31, 2003.
3)
After December 31, 2003, the MCL for TTHM in this Section is no longer
applicable.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.12 (2002). This is an additional
State requirement to the extent that it applies to a supplier other than a CWS
supplier that adds a disinfectant at any part of treatment and which provides water
to 10,000 or more persons. The new MCL for TTHM is listed in Section 611.312.
Contaminant
MCL (mg/
ℓ
)
Aldrin
0.001
DDT
0.05
Dieldrin
0.001
Heptachlor
0.0001
Heptachlor epoxide
0.0001
2,4-D
0.01
BOARD NOTE: Originally derived from 40 CFR 141.12 (1994), USEPA removed the last entry
in subsections (a) and (b) and marked them reserved at 57 Fed. Reg. 31838 (July 17, 1992).
USEPA added another listing of organic MCLs at 40 CFR 141.61 (2002). Heptachlor,
heptachlor epoxide, and 2,4-D appear in both this Section and in Section 611.311, with a
different MCL in each Section. The heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, and 2,4-D MCLs in this
Section are Illinois limitations that are more stringent than the federal requirements. However,
detection of these contaminants or violation of their federally-derived revised Section 611.311
MCLs imposes more stringent monitoring, reporting, and notice requirements.
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
76
Section 611.311 Revised MCLs for Organic Chemical Contaminants
a) Volatile organic chemical contaminants. The following MCLs for volatile
organic chemical contaminants (VOCs) apply to CWS suppliers and NTNCWS
suppliers. The MCLs for dichloromethane, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and 1,1,2-
trichloroethane were effective January 17, 1994.
CAS No.
Contaminant
MCL (mg/
ℓ
)
71-43-2 Benzene
0.005
56-23-5 Carbon tetrachloride
0.005
95-50-1 o-Dichlorobenzene
0.6
106-46-7 p-Dichlorobenzene
0.075
107-06-2 1,2-Dichloroethane
0.005
75-35-4 1,1-Dichloroethylene
0.007
156-59-2 cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
0.07
156-60-5 trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene
0.1
75-09-2 Dichloromethane (methylene
chloride)0.005
78-87-5 1,2-Dichloropropane
0.005
100-41-4 Ethylbenzene
0.7
108-90-7 Monochlorobenzene
0.1
100-42-5 Styrene
0.1
127-18-4 Tetrachloroethylene
0.005
108-88-3 Toluene
1
120-82-1 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
0.07
71-55-6 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
0.2
79-00-5 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
0.005
79-01-6 Trichloroethylene
0.005
75-01-4 Vinyl chloride
0.002
1330-20-7 Xylenes (total)
10
BOARD NOTE: See the definition of “initial compliance period” at
Section 611.101.
b) USEPA has identified, as indicated below, granular activated carbon (GAC),
packed tower aeration (PTA), or oxidation (OX) as BAT for achieving
compliance with the MCLs for volatile organic chemical contaminants (VOCs)
and synthetic organic chemical contaminants (SOCs) in subsections (a) and (c) of
this Section.
15972-60-8 Alachlor
GAC
116-06-3 Aldicarb*
GAC
1646-87-4 Aldicarb sulfone*
GAC
1646-87-3 Aldicarb sulfoxide*
GAC
1912-24-9 Atrazine
GAC
71-43-2 Benzene
GAC, PTA
77
50-32-8 Benzo(a)pyrene
GAC
1563-66-2 Carbofuran
GAC
56-23-5
Carbon tetrachloride
GAC, PTA
57-74-9 Chlordane
GAC
94-75-7 2,4-D
GAC
75-99-0 Dalapon
GAC
96-12-8 Dibromochloropropane
GAC, PTA
95-50-1 o-Dichlorobenzene
GAC, PTA
106-46-7 p-Dichlorobenzene
GAC, PTA
107-06-2 1,2-Dichloroethane
GAC, PTA
156-59-2 cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
GAC, PTA
156-60-5 trans-1,2-Dichoroethylene
GAC, PTA
75-35-4 1,1-Dichloroethylene
GAC, PTA
75-09-2 Dichloromethane
PTA
78-87-5 1,2-Dichloropropane
GAC, PTA
103-23-1 Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
GAC, PTA
117-81-7 Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
GAC
88-85-7 Dinoseb
GAC
85-00-7 Diquat
GAC
145-73-3 Endothall
GAC
72-20-8 Endrin
GAC
106-93-4
Ethylene dibromide (EDB)
GAC, PTA
100-41-4 Ethylbenzene
GAC, PTA
1071-53-6 Glyphosate
OX
76-44-8 Heptachlor
GAC
1024-57-3 Heptachlor epoxide
GAC
118-74-1 Hexachlorobenzene
GAC
77-47-3 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
GAC, PTA
58-89-9 Lindane
GAC
72-43-5 Methoxychlor
GAC
108-90-7 Monochlorobenzene
GAC, PTA
23135-22-0 Oxamyl
GAC
87-86-5 Pentachlorophenol
GAC
1918-02-1 Picloram
GAC
1336-36-3
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)
GAC
122-34-9 Simazine
GAC
100-42-5 Styrene
GAC, PTA
1746-01-6 2,3,7,8-TCDD
GAC
127-18-4 Tetrachloroethylene
GAC, PTA
108-88-3 Toluene
GAC
8001-35-2 Toxaphene
GAC
120-82-1 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
GAC, PTA
71-55-6 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
GAC, PTA
79-00-5 1,1,2-trichloroethane
GAC, PTA
79-01-6 Trichloroethylene
GAC, PTA
93-72-1 2,4,5-TP
GAC
78
75-01-4 Vinyl chloride
PTA
1330-20-7 Xylene
GAC, PTA
* See the Board note appended to the end of this Section.
c) Synthetic organic chemical contaminants. The following MCLs for SOCs apply
to CWS and NTNCWS suppliers. The MCLs for benzo(a)pyrene, dalapon, di(2-
ethylhexyl)adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, dinoseb, diquat, endothall, endrin,
glyphosate, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene, oxamyl (vydate),
picloram, simazine, and 2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin) were effective January 17, 1994.
CAS Number
Contaminant
MCL (mg/
ℓ
)
15972-60-8 Alachlor
0.002
116-06-3 Aldicarb*
0.002
1646-87-4 Aldicarb sulfone*
0.002
1646-87-3 Aldicarb sulfoxide*
0.004
1912-24-9 Atrazine
0.003
50-32-8 Benzo(a)pyrene
0.0002
1563-66-2 Carbofuran
0.04
57-74-9 Chlordane
0.002
94-75-7 2,4-D
0.07
75-99-0 Dalapon
0.2
96-12-8 Dibromochloropropane
0.0002
103-23-1 Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
0.4
117-81-7 Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
0.006
88-85-7 Dinoseb
0.007
85-00-7 Diquat
0.02
145-73-3 Endothall
0.1
72-20-8 Endrin
0.002
106-93-4 Ethylene dibromide
0.00005
1071-53-6 Glyphosate
0.7
76-44-8 Heptachlor
0.0004
1024-57-3 Heptachlor epoxide
0.0002
118-74-1 Hexachlorobenzene
0.001
77-47-4 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
0.05
58-89-9 Lindane
0.0002
72-43-5 Methoxychlor
0.04
23135-22-0 Oxamyl (Vydate)
0.2
87-86-5 Pentachlorophenol
0.001
1918-02-1 Picloram
0.5
1336-36-3
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
0.0005
122-34-9 Simazine
0.004
1746-01-6 2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin)
0.00000003
8001-35-2 Toxaphene
0.003
93-72-1 2,4,5-TP
0.05
* See the Board note appended to the end of this Section.
79
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.61 (2002) (2003). See the definition of “initial
compliance period” at Section 611.101. More stringent state MCLs for 2,4-D, heptachlor, and
heptachlor epoxide appear at Section 611.310. See the Board Note at that provision. In 40
C.F.R. CFR 141.6(g), USEPA postponed the effectiveness of the MCLs for aldicarb, aldicarb
sulfone, and aldicarb sulfoxide until it took further action on those MCLs. See 40 CFR 141.6(g)
and 57 Fed. Reg. 22178 (May 27, 1992). USEPA has stated that it anticipates taking no action
until 2005 on a federal national primary drinking water regulation (NPDWR) applicable to the
aldicarbs. 68 Fed. Reg. 31108 (May 27, 2003). No aldicarb requirements apply in Illinois until
after USEPA adopts such requirements, and the Board removes this statement.
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.330 Maximum Contaminant Levels for Radionuclides
a) This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.66(a), marked reserved by USEPA.
This statement maintains structural consistency with USEPA rules.
b) MCL for combined radium-226 and –228. The maximum contaminant level for
combined radium-226 and radium-228 is 5 pCi/
ℓ
. The combined radium-226 and
radium-228 value is determined by the addition of the results of the analysis for
radium-226 and the analysis for radium-228.
c) MCL for gross alpha particle activity (excluding radon and uranium). The
maximum contaminant level for gross alpha particle activity (including radium-
226 but excluding radon and uranium) is 15 pCi/
ℓ
.
d) Effective December 8, 2003, MCL for beta particle and photon radioactivity.
1) The average annual concentration of beta particle and photon radioactivity
from man-made radionuclides in drinking water must not produce an
annual dose equivalent to the total body or any internal organ greater than
4 millirem/year (mrem/year).
2) Except for the radionuclides listed in the following table, the
concentration of man-made radionuclides causing 4 mrem total body or
organ dose equivalents must be calculated on the basis of two liters per
day drinking water intake, using the 168-hour data list set forth in
“Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible
Concentrations of Radionuclides in Air and in Water for Occupational
Exposure,” incorporated by reference in Section 611.102, available from
the NTIS. If two or more radionuclides are present, the sum of their
annual dose equivalent to the total body or to any organ must not exceed 4
mrem/year.
Average Annual Concentrations Assumed to Produce a Total
80
Body or Organ Dose of 4 mrem/yr
Radionuclide
Critical organ
pCi per liter
1. Tritium
Total body
20,000
2. Strontium-90
Bone Marrow
8
e) MCL for uranium. Effective December 8, 2003, the maximum contaminant level
for uranium is 30 μg/
ℓ
.
f) Compliance dates for combined radium-226 and -228, gross alpha particle
activity, gross beta particle and photon radioactivity, and uranium: Effective
December 8, 2003, a CWS supplier must comply with the MCLs listed in
subsections (b) through (e) of this Section beginning December 8, 2003, and
compliance must be determined in accordance with the requirements of Subpart Q
of this Part. Compliance with reporting requirements for the radionuclides under
Appendices A, G, and H of this Part is required before December 8, 2003.
g) Best available technologies (BATs) for radionuclides. USEPA has identified the
technologies indicated in the following table as the BAT for achieving
compliance with the MCLs for combined radium-226 and -228, uranium, gross
alpha particle activity, and beta particle and photon radioactivity.
BAT for Combined Radium-226 and Radium-228, Uranium, Gross Alpha Particle
Activity, and Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity
Contaminant BAT
1. Combined radium-226 and radium-
228
Ion exchange, reverse osmosis, lime
softening.
2. Uranium
Ion exchange, reverse osmosis, lime
softening, coagulation/filtration.
3. Gross alpha particle activity
(excluding Radon and Uranium)
Reverse osmosis.
4. Beta particle and photon
radioactivity
Ion exchange, reverse osmosis.
h) Small systems compliance technologies list for radionuclides.
List of Small Systems Compliance Technologies for Radionuclides and
Limitations to Use
Unit technologies
Limitations
(see footnotes)
Operator skill level
required
1
Raw water quality
range and
considerations
1
1. Ion exchange
(IE)
(a)
Intermediate
All ground waters.
2. Point of use
(POU
2
) IE
(b)
Basic
All ground waters.
81
3. Reverse osmosis
(RO)
(c) Advanced
Surface waters
usually require pre-
filtration.
4. POU
2
RO
(b)
Basic
Surface waters
usually require pre-
filtration.
5. Lime softening
(d)
Advanced
All waters.
6. Green sand
filtration
(e) Basic
7. Co-precipitation
with Barium
sulfate
(f) Intermediate to
Advanced
Ground waters with
suitable water
quality.
8. Electrodialysis/
electrodialysis
reversal
Basic to
Intermediate
All ground waters.
9. Pre-formed
hydrous
Manganese
oxide filtration
(g)
Intermediate
All ground waters.
10. Activated
alumina
(a), (h)
Advanced
All ground waters;
competing anion
concentrations may
affect regeneration
frequency.
11. Enhanced
coagulation/
filtration
(i)
Advanced
Can treat a wide
range of water
qualities.
1
National Research Council (NRC). “Safe Water from Every Tap: Improving
Water Service to Small Communities,” National Academy Press, Washington,
D.C. 1997.
2
A POU, or “point-of-use” technology is a treatment device installed at a
single tap used for the purpose of reducing contaminants in drinking water at
that one tap. POU devices are typically installed at the kitchen tap.
BOARD NOTE: USEPA refers the reader to the notice of data availability
(NODA) at 66 Fed. Reg. 21576 (April 21, 2000) for more details.
Limitations Footnotes: Technologies for Radionuclides:
(a) The regeneration solution contains high concentrations of the contaminant
ions. Disposal options should be carefully considered before choosing this
technology.
(b) When POU devices are used for compliance, programs for long-term
operation, maintenance, and monitoring must be provided by water utility to
82
ensure proper performance.
(c) Reject water disposal options should be carefully considered before choosing
this technology.
BOARD NOTE: In corresponding 40 CFR 141.66, Table C, footnote c states
in part as follows: “See other RO limitations described in the SWTR
Compliance Technologies Table.” Table C was based in significant part on
“Table 13.—Technologies for Radionuclides” that appears at 63 Fed. Reg.
42032 at 42043 (August 6, 1998), which refers to “Table 2.—SWTR
Compliance Technology Table: Filtration.” That Table 2 lists the limitations
on RO as follows:
d
Blending (combining treated water with untreated raw water)
cannot be practiced at risk of increasing microbial concentrations
in finished water.
e
Post-disinfection recommended as a safety measure and for
residual maintenance.
f
Post-treatment corrosion control will be needed prior to
distribution.
63 Fed. Reg. at 42036.
(d) The combination of variable source water quality and the complexity of the
water chemistry involved may make this technology too complex for small
surface water systems.
(e) Removal efficiencies can vary depending on water quality.
(f) This technology may be very limited in application to small systems. Since
the process requires static mixing, detention basins, and filtration, it is most
applicable to systems with sufficiently high sulfate levels that already have a
suitable filtration treatment train in place.
(g) This technology is most applicable to small systems that already have
filtration in place.
(h) Handling of chemicals required during regeneration and pH adjustment may
be too difficult for small systems without an adequately trained operator.
(i) Assumes modification to a coagulation/filtration process already in place.
Compliance Technologies by System Size Category for Radionuclide NPDWRs
Compliance
technologies
1
for system size
categories (population served)
Contaminant 25-500
501-3,300
3,300-10,000
1. Combined radium-226
and radium-228
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9
83
2. Gross alpha particle
activity
3, 4
3, 4
3, 4
3. Beta particle activity
and photon activity
1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
4. Uranium
1, 2, 4, 10, 11
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10,
11
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10,
11
Note:
1
Numbers correspond to those technologies found listed in the table, “List
of Small Systems Compliance Technologies for Radionuclides and Limitations to
Use,” set forth above.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.66 (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.331 Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity (Repealed)
The following provisions apply until December 8, 2003:
a)
The average annual concentration of beta particle and photon radio-activity from
man-made radionuclides in drinking water must not produce an annual dose
equivalent to the total body or any internal organ greater than 4 mrem/year.
b)
Except for the radionuclides listed below, the concentration of man-made
radionuclides causing 4 mrem total body or organ dose equivalents must be
calculated on the basis of a 2 liter per day drinking water intake using the 168
hour data listed in “Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum
Permissible Concentrations of Radionuclides in Air and in Water for
Occupational Exposure,” NCRP Report Number 22, incorporated by reference in
Section 611.102. If two or more radionuclides are present, the sum of their
annual dose equivalent to the total body or to any organ must not exceed 4
mrem/year.
AVERAGE ANNUAL CONCENTRATIONS ASSUMED TO
PRODUCE A TOTAL BODY OR ORGAN DOSE OF 4 mrem/year
Radionuclide
Critical Organ
pCi/
ℓ
Tritium
Total body
20,000
Strontium-90
Bone marrow
8
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.16 (2002).
(Source: Repealed at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
84
SUBPART G: LEAD AND COPPER
Section 611.351 Applicability of Corrosion Control
a) Corrosion control required. Suppliers must complete the applicable corrosion
control treatment requirements described in Section 611.352 on or before the
deadlines set forth in this Section.
1) Large systems. Each large system supplier (one regularly serving more
than 50,000 persons) must complete the corrosion control treatment steps
specified in subsection (d) of this Section, unless it is deemed to have
optimized corrosion control under subsection (b)(2) or (b)(3) of this
Section.
2) Medium-sized and small systems. Each small system supplier (one
regularly serving 3,300 or fewer persons) and each medium-sized system
(one regularly serving more than 3,300 up to 50,000 persons) must
complete the corrosion control treatment steps specified in subsection (e)
of this Section, unless it is deemed to have optimized corrosion control
under one of subsections (b)(1), (b)(2), or (b)(3) of this Section.
b) Suppliers deemed to have optimized corrosion control. A supplier is deemed to
have optimized corrosion control, and is not required to complete the applicable
corrosion control treatment steps identified in this Section, if the supplier satisfies
one of the criteriaspecified criteria specified in subsections (b)(1) through (b)(3)
of this Section. Any such system deemed to have optimized corrosion control
under this subsection, and which has treatment in place, must continue to operate
and maintain optimal corrosion control treatment and meet any requirements that
the Agency determines are appropriate to ensure optimal corrosion control
treatment is maintained.
1) Small- or medium-sized system meeting action levels. A small system or
medium-sized system supplier is deemed to have optimized corrosion
control if the system meets the lead and copper action levels during each
of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods with monitoring
conducted in accordance with Section 611.356.
2) SEP for equivalent activities to corrosion control. The Agency must, by a
SEP granted pursuant to Section 611.110, deem any supplier to have
optimized corrosion control treatment if it determines that the supplier has
conducted activities equivalent to the corrosion control steps applicable
under this Section. In making this determination, the Agency must specify
the water quality control parameters representing optimal corrosion
control in accordance with Section 611.352(f). A water supplier that is
deemed to have optimized corrosion control under this subsection (b)(2)
must operate in compliance with the Agency-designated optimal water
85
quality control parameters in accordance with Section 611.352(g) and
must continue to conduct lead and copper tap and water quality parameter
sampling in accordance with Sections 611.356(d)(3) and 611.357(d),
respectively. A supplier must provide the Agency with the following
information in order to support an Agency SEP determination under this
subsection (b)(2):
A) The results of all test samples collected for each of the water
quality parameters in Section 611.352(c)(3);
B) A report explaining the test methods the supplier used to evaluate
the corrosion control treatments listed in Section 611.352(c)(1), the
results of all tests conducted, and the basis for the supplier’s
selection of optimal corrosion control treatment;
C) A report explaining how the supplier has installed corrosion
control and how the supplier maintains it to insure minimal lead
and copper concentrations at consumer’s taps; and
D) The results of tap water samples collected in accordance with
Section 611.356 at least once every six months for one year after
corrosion control has been installed.
3) Results less than practical quantitation level (PQL) for lead. Any supplier
is deemed to have optimized corrosion control if it submits results of tap
water monitoring conducted in accordance with Section 611.356 and
source water monitoring conducted in accordance with Section 611.358
that demonstrate that for two consecutive six-month monitoring periods
the difference between the 90th percentile tap water lead level, computed
pursuant to Section 611.350(c)(3), and the highest source water lead
concentration is less than the practical quantitation level for lead specified
in Section 611.359(a)(1)(B)(i).
A) Those systems whose highest source water lead level is below the
method detection limit (MDL) may also be deemed to have
optimized corrosion control under this subsection (b) if the 90th
percentile tap water lead level is less than or equal to the PQL for
lead for two consecutive six-month monitoring periods.
B) Any water system deemed to have optimized corrosion control in
accordance with this subsection (b) must continue monitoring for
lead and copper at the tap no less frequently than once every three
calendar years using the reduced number of sites specified in
Section 611.356(c) and collecting the samples at times and
locations specified in Section 611.356(d)(4)(D). Any such system
that has not conducted a round of monitoring pursuant to Section
86
611.356(d) since September 30, 1997, must complete have
completed a round of monitoring pursuant to this subsection (b) no
later than September 30, 2000.
C) Any water system deemed to have optimized corrosion control
pursuant to this subsection (b) must notify the Agency in writing
pursuant to Section 611.360(a)(3) of any change in treatment or the
addition of a new source. The Agency must require any such
system to conduct additional monitoring or to take other action if
the Agency determines that the additional monitoring is necessary
and appropriate to ensure that the supplier maintains minimal
levels of corrosion in its distribution system.
D) As of July 12, 2001, a supplier is not deemed to have optimized
corrosion control under this subsection (b), and must implement
corrosion control treatment pursuant to subsection (b)(3)(E) of this
Section, unless it meets the copper action level.
E) Any supplier triggered into corrosion control because it is no
longer deemed to have optimized corrosion control under this
subsection must implement corrosion control treatment in
accordance with the deadlines in subsection (e) of this Section.
Any such large system supplier must adhere to the schedule
specified in that subsection (e) for a medium-sized system
supplier, with the time periods for completing each step being
triggered by the date the supplier is no longer deemed to have
optimized corrosion control under this subsection (b).
c) Suppliers not required to complete corrosion control steps for having met both
action levels.
1) Any small system or medium-sized system supplier, otherwise required to
complete the corrosion control steps due to its exceedence of the lead or
copper action level, may cease completing the treatment steps after the
supplier has fulfilled both of the following conditions:
A) It has met both the copper action level and the lead action level
during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods
conducted pursuant to Section 611.356; and
B) The supplier has submitted the results for those two consecutive
six-month monitoring periods to the Agency.
2) A supplier that has ceased completing the corrosion control steps pursuant
to subsection (c)(1) of this Section (or the Agency, if appropriate) must
resume completion of the applicable treatment steps, beginning with the
87
first treatment step that the supplier previously did not complete in its
entirety, if the supplier thereafter exceeds the lead or copper action level
during any monitoring period.
3) The Agency may, by SEP, require a supplier to repeat treatment steps
previously completed by the supplier where it determines that this is
necessary to properly implement the treatment requirements of this
Section. Any such SEP must explain the basis for this decision.
4) The requirement for any small- or medium-sized system supplier to
implement corrosion control treatment steps in accordance with subsection
(e) of this Section (including systems deemed to have optimized corrosion
control under subsection (b)(1) of this Section) is triggered whenever any
small- or medium-sized system supplier exceeds the lead or copper action
level.
d) Treatment steps and deadlines for large systems. Except as provided in
subsections (b)(2) and (b)(3) of this Section, large system suppliers must
complete the following corrosion control treatment steps (described in the
referenced portions of Sections 611.352, 611.356, and 611.357) on or before the
indicated dates.
1) Step 1: The supplier must conduct have conducted initial monitoring
(Sections 611.356(d)(1) and 611.357(b)) during two consecutive six-
month monitoring periods on or before January 1, 1993.
2) Step 2: The supplier must complete have completed corrosion control
studies (Section 611.352(c)) on or before July 1, 1994.
3) Step 3: The Agency must approve have approved optimal corrosion
control treatment (Section 611.352(d)) by a SEP issued pursuant to
Section 611.110 on or before January 1, 1995.
4) Step 4: The supplier must install have installed optimal corrosion control
treatment (Section 611.352(e)) by January 1, 1997.
5) Step 5: The supplier must complete have completed follow-up sampling
(Sections 611.356(d)(2) and 611.357(c)) by January 1, 1998.
6) Step 6: The Agency must review have reviewed installation of treatment
and approve optimal water quality control parameters (Section 611.352(f))
by July 1, 1998.
7) Step 7: The supplier must operate in compliance with the Agency-
specified optimal water quality control parameters (Section 611.352(g))
and continue to conduct tap sampling (Sections 611.356(d)(3) and
88
611.357(d)).
e) Treatment steps and deadlines for small- and medium-sized system suppliers.
Except as provided in subsection (b) of this Section, small- and medium-sized
system suppliers must complete the following corrosion control treatment steps
(described in the referenced portions of Sections 611.352, 611.356, and 611.357)
by the indicated time periods.
1) Step 1: The supplier must conduct initial tap sampling (Sections
611.356(d)(1) and 611.357(b)) until the supplier either exceeds the lead
action level or the copper action level or it becomes eligible for reduced
monitoring under Section 611.356(d)(4). A supplier exceeding the lead
action level or the copper action level must recommend optimal corrosion
control treatment (Section 611.352(a)) within six months after it exceeds
one of the action levels.
2) Step 2: Within 12 months after a supplier exceeds the lead action level or
the copper action level, the Agency may require the supplier to perform
corrosion control studies (Section 611.352(b)). If the Agency does not
require the supplier to perform such studies, the Agency must, by a SEP
issued pursuant to Section 611.110, specify optimal corrosion control
treatment (Section 611.352(d)) within the following timeframes:
A) for medium-sized systems, within 18 months after such supplier
exceeds the lead action level or the copper action level,
B) for small systems, within 24 months after such supplier exceeds
the lead action level or the copper action level.
3) Step 3: If the Agency requires a supplier to perform corrosion control
studies under step 2 (subsection (e)(2) of this Section), the supplier must
complete the studies (Section 611.352(c)) within 18 months after the
Agency requires that such studies be conducted.
4) Step 4: If the supplier has performed corrosion control studies under step
2 (subsection (e)(2) of this Section), the Agency must, by a SEP issued
pursuant to Section 611.110, approve optimal corrosion control treatment
(Section 611.352(d)) within six months after completion of step 3
(subsection (e)(3) of this Section).
5) Step 5: The supplier must install optimal corrosion control treatment
(Section 611.352(e)) within 24 months after the Agency approves such
treatment.
6) Step 6: The supplier must complete follow-up sampling (Sections
611.356(d)(2) and 611.357(c)) within 36 months after the Agency
89
approves optimal corrosion control treatment.
7) Step 7: The Agency must review the supplier’s installation of treatment
and, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, approve optimal water
quality control parameters (Section 611.352(f)) within six months after
completion of step 6 (subsection (e)(6) of this Section).
8) Step 8: The supplier must operate in compliance with the Agency-
approved optimal water quality control parameters (Section 611.352(g))
and continue to conduct tap sampling (Sections 611.356(d)(3) and
611.357(d)).
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.81 (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.354 Lead Service Line Replacement
a) Suppliers required to replace lead service lines.
1) If the results from tap samples taken pursuant to Section 611.356(d)(2)
exceed the lead action level after the supplier has installed corrosion
control or source water treatment (whichever sampling occurs later), the
supplier must recommence replacing lead service lines in accordance with
the requirements of subsection (b) of this Section.
2) If a supplier is in violation of Section 611.351 or Section 611.353 for
failure to install source water or corrosion control treatment, the Agency
may, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, require the supplier to
commence lead service line replacement under this Section after the date
by which the supplier was required to conduct monitoring under Section
611.356(d)(2) has passed.
b) Annual replacement of lead service lines.
1) A supplier required to commence lead service line replacement pursuant
to subsection (a) of this Section must annually replace at least seven
percent of the initial number of lead service lines in its distribution
system.
2) The initial number of lead service lines is the number of lead lines in place
at the time the replacement program begins.
3) The supplier must identify the initial number of lead service lines in its
distribution system, including an identification of the portions of the
system owned by the supplier, based on a materials evaluation, including
90
the evaluation required under Section 611.356(a) and relevant legal
authorities (e.g., contracts, local ordinances) regardi-ng regarding the
portion owned by the system.
4) The first year of lead service line replacement must begin on the date the
supplier exceeded the action level in tap sampling referenced in subsection
(a) of this Section.
c) Service lines not needing replacement. A supplier is not required to replace any
individual lead service line for which the lead concentrations in all service line
samples taken from that line pursuant to Section 611.356(b)(3) are less than or
equal to 0.015 mg/
ℓ
.
d) A water supplier must replace that portion of the lead service line that it owns. In
cases where the supplier does not own the entire lead service line, the supplier
must notify the owner of the line, or the owner’s authorized agent, that the
supplier will replace the portion of the service line that it owns and must offer to
replace the owner’s portion of the line. A supplier is not required to bear the cost
of replacing the privately-owned portion of the line, nor is it required to replace
the privately-owned portion where the owner chooses not to pay the cost of
replacing the privately-owned portion of the line, or where replacing the
privately-owned portion would be precluded by State, local, or common law. A
water supplier that does not replace the entire length of the service line also must
complete the following tasks:
1) Notice Prior to Commencement of Work.
A) At least 45 days prior to commencing the partial replacement of a
lead service line, the water supplier must provide notice to the
residents of all buildings served by the line explaining that they
may experience a temporary increase of lead levels in their
drinking water, along with guidance on measures consumers can
take to minimize their exposure to lead.
B) The Agency, by issuing an appropriate SEP, may allow the water
supplier to provide notice under the previous sentence less than 45
days prior to commencing partial lead service line replacement
where it determines that such replacement is in conjunction with
emergency repairs.
C) In addition, the water supplier must inform the residents served by
the line that the supplier will, at the supplier’s expense, collect a
sample from each partially-replaced lead service line that is
representative of the water in the service line for analysis of lead
content, as prescribed by Section 611.356(b)(3), within 72 hours
after the completion of the partial replacement of the service line.
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The supplier must collect the sample and report the results of the
analysis to the owner and the residents served by the line within
three business days of receiving the results.
D) Mailed notices post-marked within three business days of
receiving the results must be considered “on time.”.
2) The water supplier must provide the information required by subsection
(d)(1) of this Section to the residents of individual dwellings by mail or by
other methods approved by the Agency by a SEP issued pursuant to
Section 611.110. In instances where multi-family dwellings are served by
the service line, the water supplier must have the option to post the
information at a conspicuous location.
e) Agency determination of shorter replacement schedule.
1) The Agency must, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, require a
supplier to replace lead service lines on a shorter schedule than that
otherwise required by this Section if it determines, taking into account the
number of lead service lines in the system, that such a shorter replacement
schedule is feasible.
2) The Agency must notify the supplier of its finding pursuant to subsection
(e)(1) of this Section within six months after the supplier is triggered into
lead service line replacement based on monitoring, as referenced in
subsection (a) of this Section.
f) Cessation of service line replacement.
1) Any supplier may cease replacing lead service lines whenever it fulfills
both of the following conditions:
A) First draw tap samples collected pursuant to Section 611.356(b)(2)
meet the lead action level during each of two consecutive six-
month monitoring periods; and
B) The supplier has submitted those results to the Agency.
2) If any of the supplier’s first draw tap samples thereafter exceed the lead
action level, the supplier must recommence replacing lead service lines
pursuant to subsection (b) of this Section.
g) To demonstrate compliance with subsections (a) through (d) of this Section, a
supplier must report to the Agency the information specified in Section
611.360(e).
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BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.84 (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.356 Tap Water Monitoring for Lead and Copper
a) Sample site location.
1) Selecting a pool of targeted sampling sites.
A) By the applicable date for commencement of monitoring under
subsection (d)(1) of this Section, each supplier must complete a
materials evaluation of its distribution system in order to identify a
pool of targeted sampling sites that meets the requirements of this
Section.
B) The pool of targeted sampling sites must be sufficiently large to
ensure that the supplier can collect the number of lead and copper
tap samples required by subsection (c) of this Section.
C) The supplier must select the sites for collection of first draw
samples from this pool of targeted sampling sites.
D) The supplier must not select as sampling sites any faucets that have
point-of-use or point-of-entry treatment devices designed to
remove or capable of removing inorganic contaminants.
2) Materials evaluation.
A) A supplier must use the information on lead, copper, and
galvanized steel collected pursuant to 40 CFR 141.42(d) (special
monitoring for corrosivity characteristics) when conducting a
materials evaluation.
B) When an evaluation of the information collected pursuant to 40
CFR 141.42(d) is insufficient to locate the requisite number of lead
and copper sampling sites that meet the targeting criteria in
subsection (a) of this Section, the supplier must review the
following sources of information in order to identify a sufficient
number of sampling sites:
i) All plumbing codes, permits, and records in the files of the
building departments that indicate the plumbing materials
that are installed within publicly- and privately-owned
structures connected to the distribution system;
93
ii) All inspections and records of the distribution system that
indicate the material composition of the service
connections which connect a structure to the distribution
system;
iii) All existing water quality information, which includes the
results of all prior analyses of the system or individual
structures connected to the system, indicating locations that
may be particularly susceptible to high lead or copper
concentrations; and
iv) The supplier must seek to collect such information where
possible in the course of its normal operations (e.g.,
checking service line materials when reading water meters
or performing maintenance activities).
3) Tiers of sampling sites. Suppliers must categorize the sampling sites
within their pool according to the following tiers:
A) CWS Tier 1 sampling sites. “CWS Tier 1 sampling sites” must
include the following single-family structures:
i) Those that contain copper pipes with lead solder installed
after 1982 or which contain lead pipes; or
ii) Those that are served by a lead service line.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(3)(A) was derived from segments
of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(3) (2002) (2003). This allows the pool of
CWS tier 1 sampling sites to consist exclusively of structures
served by lead service lines.
B) CWS Tier 2 sampling sites. “CWS Tier 2 sampling sites” must
include the following buildings, including multiple-family
structures:
i) Those that contain copper pipes with lead solder installed
after 1982 or contain lead pipes; or
ii) Those that are served by a lead service line.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(3)(B) was derived from segments
of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(4) (2002) (2003). This allows the pool of
CWS tier 2 sampling sites to consist exclusively of structures
served by lead service lines.
94
C) CWS Tier 3 sampling sites. “CWS Tier 3 sampling sites” must
include the following single-family structures: those that contain
copper pipes with lead solder installed before 1983.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(3)(C) was derived from segments
of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(5) (2002) (2003).
D) NTNCWS Tier 1 sampling sites. “NTNCWS Tier 1 sampling
sites” must include the following buildings:
i) Those that contain copper pipes with lead solder installed
after 1982 or which contain lead pipes; or
ii) Those that are served by a lead service line.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(3)(D) was derived from segments
of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(6) (2002) (2003). This allows the pool of
NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites to consist exclusively of buildings
served by lead service lines.
E) Alternative NTNCWS sampling sites. “Alternative NTNCWS
sampling sites” must include the following buildings: those that
contain copper pipes with lead solder installed before 1983.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(3)(E) was derived from segments
of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(7) (2002) (2003).
4) Selection of sampling sites. Suppliers must select sampling sites for their
sampling pool as follows:
A) CWS Suppliers. CWS suppliers must use CWS tier 1 sampling
sites, except that the supplier may include CWS tier 2 or CWS tier
3 sampling sites in its sampling pool as follows:
i) If multiple-family residences comprise at least 20 percent
of the structures served by a supplier, the supplier may use
CWS tier 2 sampling sites in its sampling pool; or
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(4)(A)(i) was derived from
a segment of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(3)(ii) (2002) (2003).
ii) If the CWS supplier has an insufficient number of CWS tier
1 sampling sites on its distribution system, the supplier may
use CWS tier 2 sampling sites in its sampling pool; or
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(4)(A)(ii) was derived from
95
a segment of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(4) (2002) (2003).
iii) If the CWS supplier has an insufficient number of CWS tier
1 and CWS tier 2 sampling sites on its distribution system,
the supplier may complete its sampling pool with CWS tier
3 sampling sites.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(4)(A)(iii) was derived
from a segment of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(5) (2002) (2003).
iv) If the CWS supplier has an insufficient number of CWS tier
1 sampling sites, CWS tier 2 sampling sites, and CWS tier
3 sampling sites, the supplier must use those CWS tier 1
sampling sites, CWS tier 2 sampling sites, and CWS tier 3
sampling sites that it has and complete its sampling pool
with representative sites throughout its distribution system
for the balance of its sampling sites. For the purpose of this
subsection (a)(4)(A)(iv), a representative site is a site in
which the plumbing materials used at that site would be
commonly found at other sites served by the water system.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(4)(A)(iv) was derived
from segments of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(5) (2002) (2003).
B) NTNCWS suppliers.
i) An NTNCWS supplier must select NTNCWS tier 1
sampling sites for its sampling pool.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(4)(B)(i) was derived from
segments of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(6) (2002) (2003).
ii) If the NTNCWS supplier has an insufficient number of
NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites, the supplier may complete
its sampling pool with alternative NTNCWS sampling
sites.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(4)(B)(ii) was derived from
segments of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(7) (2002) (2003).
iii) If the NTNCWS supplier has an insufficient number of
NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites and NTNCWS alternative
sampling sites, the supplier must use representative sites
throughout its distribution system. For the purpose of this
subsection (a)(4)(B)(ii), a representative site is a site in
which the plumbing materials used at that site would be
96
commonly found at other sites served by the water system.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(4)(B)(iii) was derived
from segments of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(7) (2002) (2003).
C) Suppliers with lead service lines. Any supplier whose distribution
system contains lead service lines must draw samples during each
six-month monitoring period from sampling sites as follows:
i) 50 percent of the samples from sampling sites that contain
lead pipes or from sampling sites that have copper pipes
with lead solder; and
ii) 50 percent of those samples from sites served by a lead
service line.
iii) A supplier that cannot identify a sufficient number of
sampling sites served by a lead service line must collect
first-draw samples from all of the sites identified as being
served by such lines.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (a)(4)(C) was derived from segments
of 40 CFR 141.86(a)(8) (2002) (2003). This allows the pool of
sampling sites to consist exclusively of structures or buildings
served by lead service lines.
b) Sample collection methods.
1) All tap samples for lead and copper collected in accordance with this
Subpart G, with the exception of lead service line samples collected under
Section 611.354(c) and samples collected under subsection (b)(5) of this
Section, must be first-draw samples.
2) First-draw tap samples.
A) Each first-draw tap sample for lead and copper must be one liter in
volume and have stood motionless in the plumbing system of each
sampling site for at least six hours.
B) First-draw samples from residential housing must be collected
from the cold water kitchen tap or bathroom sink tap.
C) First-draw samples from a non-residential building must be one
liter in volume and must be collected at an interior tap from which
water is typically drawn for consumption.
97
D) Non-first-draw samples collected in lieu of first-draw samples
pursuant to subsection (b)(5) of this Section must be one liter in
volume and must be collected at an interior tap from which water
is typically drawn for consumption.
E) First-draw samples may be collected by the supplier or the supplier
may allow residents to collect first-draw samples after instructing
the residents of the sampling procedures specified in this
subsection (b).
i) To avoid problems of residents handling nitric acid,
acidification of first-draw samples may be done up to 14
days after the sample is collected.
ii) After acidification to resolubilize the metals, the sample
must stand in the original container for the time specified in
the approved USEPA method before the sample can be
analyzed.
F) If a supplier allows residents to perform sampling under subsection
(b)(2)(D) of this Section, the supplier may not challenge the
accuracy of sampling results based on alleged errors in sample
collection.
3) Service line samples.
A) Each service line sample must be one liter in volume and have
stood motionless in the lead service line for at least six hours.
B) Lead service line samples must be collected in one of the following
three ways:
i) At the tap after flushing that volume of water calculated as
being between the tap and the lead service line based on the
interior diameter and length of the pipe between the tap and
the lead service line;
ii) Tapping directly into the lead service line; or
iii) If the sampling site is a single-family structure, allowing
the water to run until there is a significant change in
temperature that would be indicative of water that has been
standing in the lead service line.
4) Follow-up first-draw tap samples.
98
A) A supplier must collect each follow-up first-draw tap sample from
the same sampling site from which it collected the previous
samples.
B) If, for any reason, the supplier cannot gain entry to a sampling site
in order to collect a follow-up tap sample, the supplier may collect
the follow-up tap sample from another sampling site in its
sampling pool, as long as the new site meets the same targeting
criteria and is within reasonable proximity of the original site.
5) Substitute non-first-draw samples.
A) A NTNCWS supplier or a CWS supplier that meets the criteria of
Sections 611.355(c)(7)(A) and (c)(7)(B), that does not have
enough taps that can supply first-draw samples, as defined in
Section 611.102, may apply to the Agency in writing to substitute
non-first-draw samples by a SEP granted under Section 611.110.
B) A supplier approved to substitute non-first-draw samples must
collect as many first-draw samples from appropriate taps as
possible and identify sampling times and locations that would
likely result in the longest standing time for the remaining sites.
C) The Agency may grant a SEP that waives the requirement for prior
Agency approval of non-first-draw sample sites selected by the
system.
c) Number of samples.
1) Suppliers must collect at least one sample from the number of sites listed
in the first column of Table D of this Part (labelled “standard monitoring”)
during each six-month monitoring period specified in subsection (d) of
this Section.
2) A supplier conducting reduced monitoring pursuant to subsection (d)(4) of
this Section must collect one sample from the number of sites specified in
the second column of Table D of this Part (labelled “reduced monitoring”)
during each reduced monitoring period specified in subsection (d)(4) of
this Section. Such reduced monitoring sites must be representative of the
sites required for standard monitoring. The Agency may, by a SEP issued
pursuant to Section 611.110, specify sampling locations when a system is
conducting reduced monitoring.
d) Timing of monitoring.
1) Initial tap sampling. The first six-month monitoring period for small,
99
medium-sized and large system suppliers must begin on the dates
specified in Table E of this Part.
A) All large system suppliers must monitor during each of two
consecutive six-month periods.
B) All small- and medium-sized system suppliers must monitor during
each consecutive six-month monitoring period until the following
is true:
i) The supplier exceeds the lead action level or the copper
action level and is therefore required to implement the
corrosion control treatment requirements under Section
611.351, in which case the supplier must continue
monitoring in accordance with subsection (d)(2) of this
Section; or
ii) The supplier meets the lead action level and the copper
action level during each of two consecutive six-month
monitoring periods, in which case the supplier may reduce
monitoring in accordance with subsection (d)(4) of this
Section.
2) Monitoring after installation of corrosion control and source water
treatment.
A) Any large system supplier that installs optimal corrosion control
treatment pursuant to Section 611.351(d)(4) must monitor have
monitored during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring
periods before the date specified in Section 611.351(d)(5) January
1, 1998.
B) Any small- or medium-sized system supplier that installs optimal
corrosion control treatment pursuant to Section 611.351(e)(5) must
monitor during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring
periods before the date 36 months after the Agency approves
optimal corrosion control treatment, as specified in Section
611.351(e)(6).
C) Any supplier that installs source water treatment pursuant to
Section 611.353(a)(3) must monitor during each of two
consecutive six-month monitoring periods before the date 36
months after completion of step 2, as specified in Section
611.353(a)(4).
3) Monitoring after the Agency specification of water quality parameter
100
values for optimal corrosion control. After the Agency specifies the
values for water quality control parameters pursuant to Section 611.352(f),
the supplier must monitor during each subsequent six-month monitoring
period, with the first six-month monitoring period to begin on the date the
Agency specifies the optimal values.
4) Reduced monitoring.
A) Reduction to annual for small- and medium-sized system suppliers
meeting the lead and copper action levels. A small- or medium-
sized system supplier that meets the lead and copper action levels
during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods may
reduce the number of samples in accordance with subsection (c) of
this Section, and reduce the frequency of sampling to once per
year.
B) SEP allowing reduction to annual for suppliers maintaining water
quality control parameters.
i) Any supplier that maintains the range of values for the
water quality control parameters reflecting optimal
corrosion control treatment specified by the Agency under
Section 611.352(f) during each of two consecutive six-
month monitoring periods may reduce the frequency of
monitoring to once per year and the number of lead and
copper samples to that specified by subsection (c) of this
Section if it receives written approval from the Agency in
the form of a SEP granted pursuant to Section 611.110.
ii) The Agency must review monitoring, treatment, and other
relevant information submitted by the water system in
accordance with Section 611.360, and must notify the
system in writing by a SEP granted pursuant to Sections
611.110 when it determines the system is eligible to reduce
its monitoring frequency to once every three years pursuant
to this subsection (d)(4).
iii) The Agency must review, and where appropriate, revise its
determination under subsection (d)(4)(B)(i) of this Section
when the supplier submits new monitoring or treatment
data, or when other data relevant to the number and
frequency of tap sampling becomes available to the
Agency.
C) Reduction to triennial for small- and medium-sized system
suppliers.
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i) Small- and medium-sized system suppliers meeting lead
and copper action levels. A small- or medium-sized system
supplier that meets the lead and copper action levels during
three consecutive years of monitoring may reduce the
frequency of monitoring for lead and copper from annually
to once every three years.
ii) SEP for suppliers meeting optimal corrosion control
treatment. Any supplier that maintains the range of values
for the water quality control parameters reflecting optimal
corrosion control treatment specified by the Agency under
Section 611.352(f) during three consecutive years of
monitoring may reduce its monitoring frequency from
annual to once every three years if it receives written
approval from the Agency in the form of a SEP granted
pursuant to Section 611.110.
iii) The Agency must review, and where appropriate, revise its
determination under subsection (d)(4)(C)(ii) of this Section
when the supplier submits new monitoring or treatment
data, or when other data relevant to the number and
frequency of tap sampling becomes available to the
Agency.
D) Sampling at a reduced frequency. A supplier that reduces the
number and frequency of sampling must collect these samples
from representative sites included in the pool of targeted sampling
sites identified in subsection (a) of this Section, preferentially
selecting those sampling sites from the highest tier first. Suppliers
sampling annually or less frequently must conduct the lead and
copper tap sampling during the months of June, July, August, or
September, unless the Agency has approved a different sampling
period in accordance with subsection (d)(4)(D)(i) of this Section.
i) The Agency may grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110
that approves a different period for conducting the lead and
copper tap sampling for systems collecting a reduced
number of samples. Such a period must be no longer than
four consecutive months and must represent a time of
normal operation where the highest levels of lead are most
likely to occur. For a NTNCWS supplier that does not
operate during the months of June through September and
for which the period of normal operation where the highest
levels of lead are most likely to occur is not known, the
Agency must designate a period that represents a time of
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normal operation for the system.
ii) A supplier monitoring annually that has been collecting
samples during the months of June through September and
which receives Agency approval to alter its sample
collection period under subsection (d)(4)(D)(i) of this
Section must collect its next round of samples during a
time period that ends no later than 21 months after the
previous round of sampling. A supplier monitoring once
every three years that has been collecting samples during
the months of June through September and which receives
Agency approval to alter the sampling collection period as
provided in subsection (d)(4)(D)(i) of this Section must
collect its next round of samples during a time period that
ends no later than 45 months after the previous round of
sampling. Subsequent rounds of sampling must be
collected annually or once every three years, as required by
this Section. A small system supplier with a waiver
granted pursuant to subsection (g) of this Section that has
been collecting samples during the months of June through
September and which receives Agency approval to alter its
sample collection period under subsection (d)(4)(D)(i) of
this Section must collect its next round of samples before
the end of the nine-year compliance cycle (as that term is
defined in Section 611.101).
E) Any water system that demonstrates for two consecutive six-month
monitoring periods that the tap water lead level computed under
Section 611.350(c)(3) is less than or equal to 0.005 mg/
ℓ
and that
the tap water copper level computed under Section 611.350(c)(3)
is less than or equal to 0.65 mg/
ℓ
may reduce the number of
samples in accordance with subsection (c) of this Section and
reduce the frequency of sampling to once every three calendar
years.
F) Resumption of standard monitoring.
i) Small- or medium-sized suppliers exceeding lead or copper
action level. A small- or medium-sized system supplier
subject to reduced monitoring that exceeds the lead action
level or the copper action level must resume sampling in
accordance subsection (d)(3) of this Section and collect the
number of samples specified for standard monitoring under
subsection (c) of this Section. Such a supplier must also
conduct water quality parameter monitoring in accordance
with Section 611.357 (b), (c), or (d) (as appropriate) during
103
the six-month monitoring period in which it exceeded the
action level. Any such supplier may resume annual
monitoring for lead and copper at the tap at the reduced
number of sites specified in subsection (c) of this Section
after it has completed two subsequent consecutive six-
month rounds of monitoring that meet the criteria of
subsection (d)(4)(A) of this Section. Any such supplier
may resume monitoring once every three years for lead and
copper at the reduced number of sites after it demonstrates
through subsequent rounds of monitoring that it meets the
criteria of either subsection (d)(4)(C) or (d)(4)(E) of this
Section.
ii) Suppliers failing to operate within water quality control
parameters. Any supplier subject to reduced monitoring
frequency that fails to operate within the range of values
for the water quality control parameters specified pursuant
to Section 611.352(f) for more than nine days in any six-
month period specified in Section 611.357(d) must conduct
tap water sampling for lead and copper at the frequency
specified in subsection (d)(3) of this Section, must collect
the number of samples specified for standard monitoring
under subsection (c) of this Section, and must resume
monitoring for water quality parameters within the
distribution system in accordance with Section 611.357(d).
G) Any water supplier subject to a reduced monitoring frequency
under subsection (d)(4) of this Section that either adds a new
source of water or changes any water treatment must inform the
Agency in writing in accordance with Section 611.360(a)(3). The
Agency may, by a SEP granted pursuant to Section 611.110,
require the system to resume sampling in accordance with
subsection (d)(3) of this Section and collect the number of samples
specified for standard monitoring under subsection (c) of this
Section or take other appropriate steps such as increased water
quality parameter monitoring or re-evaluation of its corrosion
control treatment given the potentially different water quality
considerations.
H) A supplier required under subsection (d)(4)(F) of this Section to
resume monitoring in accordance with Section 611.357(d) may
resume reduced monitoring for lead and copper at the tap and for
water quality parameters within the distribution system under the
following conditions:
i) The supplier may resume annual monitoring for lead and
104
copper at the tap at the reduced number of sites specified in
subsection (c) of this Section after it has completed two
subsequent six-month rounds of monitoring that meet the
criteria of subsection (d)(4)(B) of this Section and the
supplier has received written approval from the Agency by
a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that it is appropriate to
resume reduced monitoring on an annual frequency.
ii) The supplier may resume monitoring for lead and copper
once every three years at the tap at the reduced number of
sites after it demonstrates through subsequent rounds of
monitoring that it meets the criteria of either subsection
(d)(4)(C) or (d)(4)(E) of this Section and the system has
received a SEP under Section 611.110 from the Agency
that it is appropriate to resume monitoring once every three
years.
iii) The supplier may reduce the number of water quality
parameter tap water samples required in accordance with
Section 611.357(e)(1) and the frequency with which it
collects such samples in accordance with Section
611.357(e)(2). Such a system may not resume monitoring
once every three years for water quality parameters at the
tap until it demonstrates, in accordance with the
requirements of Section 611.357(e)(2), that it has re-
qualified for monitoring once every three years.
BOARD NOTE: Subsections (d)(4)(H)(i) through (d)(4)(H)(iii)
are derived from 40 CFR 141.86(d)(4)(vi)(B)(
1
) through
(d)(4)(vi)(B)(
3
) (2002) (2003), since Illinois Administrative Code
codification requirements allow only four indent levels of
subsections.
e) Additional monitoring. The results of any monitoring conducted in addition to
the minimum requirements of this Section must be considered by the supplier and
the Agency in making any determinations (i.e., calculating the 90th percentile
lead action level or the copper level) under this Subpart G.
f) Invalidation of lead or copper tap water samples. A sample invalidated under this
subsection does not count toward determining lead or copper 90th percentile
levels under Section 611.350(c)(3) or toward meeting the minimum monitoring
requirements of subsection (c) of this Section.
1) The Agency must invalidate a lead or copper tap water sample if it
determines that one of the following conditions exists:
105
A) The laboratory establishes that improper sample analysis caused
erroneous results;
B) The sample was taken from a site that did not meet the site
selection criteria of this Section;
C) The sample container was damaged in transit; or
D) There is substantial reason to believe that the sample was subject
to tampering.
2) The supplier must report the results of all samples to the Agency and all
supporting documentation for samples the supplier believes should be
invalidated.
3) To invalidate a sample under subsection (f)(1) of this Section, the decision
and the rationale for the decision must be documented in writing. The
Agency may not invalidate a sample solely on the grounds that a follow-
up sample result is higher or lower than that of the original sample.
4) The water supplier must collect replacement samples for any samples
invalidated under this Section if, after the invalidation of one or more
samples, the supplier has too few samples to meet the minimum
requirements of subsection (c) of this Section. Any such replacement
samples must be taken as soon as possible, but no later than 20 days after
the date the Agency invalidates the sample or by the end of the applicable
monitoring period, whichever occurs later. Replacement samples taken
after the end of the applicable monitoring period must not also be used to
meet the monitoring requirements of a subsequent monitoring period. The
replacement samples must be taken at the same locations as the
invalidated samples or, if that is not possible, at locations other than those
already used for sampling during the monitoring period.
g) Monitoring waivers for small system suppliers. Any small system supplier that
meets the criteria of this subsection (g) may apply to the Agency to reduce the
frequency of monitoring for lead and copper under this Section to once every nine
years (i.e., a “full waiver”) if it meets all of the materials criteria specified in
subsection (g)(1) of this Section and all of the monitoring criteria specified in
subsection (g)(2) of this Section. Any small system supplier that meets the
criteria in subsections (g)(1) and (g)(2) of this Section only for lead, or only for
copper, may apply to the State for a waiver to reduce the frequency of tap water
monitoring to once every nine years for that contaminant only (i.e., a “partial
waiver”).
1) Materials criteria. The supplier must demonstrate that its distribution
system and service lines and all drinking water supply plumbing,
106
including plumbing conveying drinking water within all residences and
buildings connected to the system, are free of lead-containing materials or
copper-containing materials, as those terms are defined in this subsection
(g)(1), as follows:
A) Lead. To qualify for a full waiver, or a waiver of the tap water
monitoring requirements for lead (i.e., a “lead waiver”), the water
supplier must provide certification and supporting documentation
to the Agency that the system is free of all lead-containing
materials, as follows:
i) It contains no plastic pipes that contain lead plasticizers, or
plastic service lines that contain lead plasticizers; and
ii) It is free of lead service lines, lead pipes, lead soldered pipe
joints, and leaded brass or bronze alloy fittings and
fixtures, unless such fittings and fixtures meet the
specifications of NSF Standard 61, section 9, incorporated by
reference in Section 611.102.
BOARD NOTE: Corresponding 40 CFR 141.86(g)(1)(i)(B)
specifies “any standard established pursuant to 42 USC
300g-6(e) (SDWA section 1417(e)).” USEPA has stated
that the NSF standard is that standard. See 62 Fed. Reg.
44684 (Aug. 22, 1997).
B) Copper. To qualify for a full waiver, or a waiver of the tap water
monitoring requirements for copper (i.e., a “copper waiver”), the
water supplier must provide certification and supporting
documentation to the Agency that the system contains no copper
pipes or copper service lines.
2) Monitoring criteria for waiver issuance. The supplier must have completed
at least one six-month round of standard tap water monitoring for lead and
copper at sites approved by the Agency and from the number of sites
required by subsection (c) of this Section and demonstrate that the 90th
percentile levels for any and all rounds of monitoring conducted since the
system became free of all lead-containing or copper-containing materials,
as appropriate, meet the following criteria:
A) Lead levels. To qualify for a full waiver, or a lead waiver, the
supplier must demonstrate that the 90th percentile lead level does
not exceed 0.005 mg/
ℓ
.
B) Copper levels. To qualify for a full waiver, or a copper waiver, the
supplier must demonstrate that the 90th percentile copper level
107
does not exceed 0.65 mg/
ℓ
.
3) State approval of waiver application. The Agency must notify the supplier
of its waiver determination by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110,
in writing, setting forth the basis of its decision and any condition of the
waiver. As a condition of the waiver, the Agency may require the supplier
to perform specific activities (e.g., limited monitoring, periodic outreach
to customers to remind them to avoid installation of materials that might
void the waiver) to avoid the risk of lead or copper concentration of
concern in tap water. The small system supplier must continue monitoring
for lead and copper at the tap as required by subsections (d)(1) through
(d)(4) of this Section, as appropriate, until it receives written notification
from the Agency that the waiver has been approved.
4) Monitoring frequency for suppliers with waivers.
A) A supplier with a full waiver must conduct tap water monitoring
for lead and copper in accordance with subsection (d)(4)(D) of this
Section at the reduced number of sampling sites identified in
subsection (c) of this Section at least once every nine years and
provide the materials certification specified in subsection (g)(1) of
this Section for both lead and copper to the Agency along with the
monitoring results.
B) A supplier with a partial waiver must conduct tap water monitoring
for the waived contaminant in accordance with subsection
(d)(4)(D) of this Section at the reduced number of sampling sites
specified in subsection (c) of this Section at least once every nine
years and provide the materials certification specified in subsection
(g)(1) of this Section pertaining to the waived contaminant along
with the monitoring results. Such a supplier also must continue to
monitor for the non-waived contaminant in accordance with
requirements of subsections (d)(1) through (d)(4) of this Section,
as appropriate.
C) If a supplier with a full or partial waiver adds a new source of
water or changes any water treatment, the supplier must notify the
Agency in writing in accordance with Section 611.360(a)(3). The
Agency has the authority to require the supplier to add or modify
waiver conditions (e.g., require recertification that the supplier’s
system is free of lead-containing or copper-containing materials,
require additional rounds of monitoring), if it deems such
modifications are necessary to address treatment or source water
changes at the system.
D) If a supplier with a full or partial waiver becomes aware that it is
108
no longer free of lead-containing or copper-containing materials,
as appropriate (e.g., as a result of new construction or repairs), the
supplier must notify the Agency in writing no later than 60 days
after becoming aware of such a change.
5) Continued eligibility. If the supplier continues to satisfy the requirements
of subsection (g)(4) of this Section, the waiver will be renewed
automatically, unless any of the conditions listed in subsection (g)(5)(A)
through (g)(5)(C) of this Section occur. A supplier whose waiver has
been revoked may re-apply for a waiver at such time as it again meets the
appropriate materials and monitoring criteria of subsections (g)(1) and
(g)(2) of this Section.
A) A supplier with a full waiver or a lead waiver no longer satisfies
the materials criteria of subsection (g)(1)(A) of this Section or has
a 90th percentile lead level greater than 0.005 mg/
ℓ
.
B) A supplier with a full waiver or a copper waiver no longer satisfies
the materials criteria of subsection (g)(1)(B) of this Section or has
a 90th percentile copper level greater than 0.65 mg/
ℓ
.
C) The State notifies the supplier, in writing, that the waiver has been
revoked, setting forth the basis of its decision.
6) Requirements following waiver revocation. A supplier whose full or
partial waiver has been revoked by the Agency is subject to the corrosion
control treatment and lead and copper tap water monitoring requirements,
as follows:
A) If the supplier exceeds the lead or copper action level, the supplier
must implement corrosion control treatment in accordance with the
deadlines specified in Section 611.351(e), and any other applicable
requirements of this Subpart G.
B) If the supplier meets both the lead and the copper action level, the
supplier must monitor for lead and copper at the tap no less
frequently than once every three years using the reduced number
of sample sites specified in subsection (c) of this Section.
7) Pre-existing waivers. Small system supplier waivers approved by the
Agency in writing prior to April 11, 2000 must remain in effect under the
following conditions:
A) If the supplier has demonstrated that it is both free of lead-
containing and copper-containing materials, as required by
subsection (g)(1) of this Section and that its 90th percentile lead
109
levels and 90th percentile copper levels meet the criteria of
subsection (g)(2) of this Section, the waiver remains in effect so
long as the supplier continues to meet the waiver eligibility criteria
of subsection (g)(5) of this Section. The first round of tap water
monitoring conducted pursuant to subsection (g)(4) of this Section
must be completed no later than nine years after the last time the
supplier monitored for lead and copper at the tap.
B) If the supplier has met the materials criteria of subsection (g)(1) of
this Section but has not met the monitoring criteria of subsection
(g)(2) of this Section, the supplier must conduct a round of
monitoring for lead and copper at the tap demonstrating that it met
the criteria of subsection (g)(2) of this Section no later than
September 30, 2000. Thereafter, the waiver must remain in effect
as long as the supplier meets the continued eligibility criteria of
subsection (g)(5) of this Section. The first round of tap water
monitoring conducted pursuant to subsection (g)(4) of this Section
must be completed no later than nine years after the round of
monitoring conducted pursuant to subsection (g)(2) of this Section.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.86 (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.358 Monitoring for Lead and Copper in Source Water
a) Sample location, collection methods, and number of samples.
1) A supplier that fails to meet the lead action level or the copper action level
on the basis of tap samples collected in accordance with Section 611.356
must collect lead and copper source water samples in accordance with the
following requirements regarding sample location, number of samples,
and collection methods:
A) A groundwater supplier must take a minimum of one sample at
every entry point to the distribution system that is representative of
each well after treatment (hereafter called a sampling point). The
supplier must take one sample at the same sampling point unless
conditions make another sampling point more representative of
each source or treatment plant.
B) A surface water supplier must take a minimum of one sample at
every entry point to the distribution system after any application of
treatment or in the distribution system at a point that is
representative of each source after treatment (hereafter called a
sampling point). The system must take each sample at the same
110
sampling point unless conditions make another sampling point
more representative of each source or treatment plant.
BOARD NOTE: For the purposes of this subsection (a)(1)(B),
surface water systems include systems with a combination of
surface and ground sources.
C) If a supplier draws water from more than one source and the
sources are combined before distribution, the supplier must sample
at an entry point to the distribution system during periods of
normal operating conditions (i.e., when water is representative of
all sources being used).
D) The Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110,
reduce the total number of samples that must be analyzed by
allowing the use of compositing. Compositing of samples must be
done by certified laboratory personnel. Composite samples from a
maximum of five samples are allowed, provided that if the lead
concentration in the composite sample is greater than or equal to
0.001 mg/
ℓ
or the copper concentration is greater than or equal to
0.160 mg/
ℓ
, then the supplier must do either of the following:
i) The supplier must take and analyze a follow-up sample
within 14 days at each sampling point included in the
composite; or
ii) If duplicates of or sufficient quantities from the original
samples from each sampling point used in the composite
are available, the supplier may use these instead of
resampling.
2) SEP requiring an additional sample.
A) When the Agency determines that the results of sampling indicate
an exceedence of the lead or copper MPC established under
Section 611.353(b)(4), it must, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section
611.110, require the supplier to collect one additional sample as
soon as possible after the initial sample at the same sampling point,
but no later than two weeks after the supplier took the initial
sample.
B) If a supplier takes an Agency-required confirmation sample for
lead or copper, the supplier must average the results obtained from
the initial sample with the results obtained from the confirmation
sample in determining compliance with the Agency-specified lead
and copper MPCs.
111
i) Any analytical result below the MDL must be considered
as zero for the purposes of averaging.
ii) Any value above the MDL but below the PQL must either
be considered as the measured value or be considered one-
half the PQL.
b) Monitoring frequency after system exceeds tap water action level. A supplier that
exceeds the lead action level or the copper action level in tap sampling must
collect one source water sample from each entry point to the distribution system
within six months after the exceedence.
c) Monitoring frequency after installation of source water treatment. A supplier that
installs source water treatment pursuant to Section 611.353(a)(3) must collect an
additional source water sample from each entry point to the distribution system
during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods on or before the
deadline 36 months after completion of step 2, as specified in Section
611.353(a)(4).
d) Monitoring frequency after the Agency has specified the lead and copper MPCs
or has determined that source water treatment is not needed.
1) A supplier must monitor at the frequency specified by subsection
(d)(1)(A) or (d)(1)(B) of this Section where the Agency has specified the
MPCs pursuant to Section 611.353(b)(4) or has determined that the
supplier is not required to install source water treatment pursuant to
Section 611.353(b)(2).
A) GWS suppliers.
i) A GWS supplier required to sample by subsection (d)(1) of
this Section must collect samples once during the three-
year compliance period (as that term is defined in Section
611.101) during which the Agency makes its determination
pursuant to Section 611.353(b)(4) or 611.353(b)(2).
ii) A GWS supplier required to sample by subsection (d)(1) of
this Section must collect samples once during each
subsequent compliance period.
B) A SWS or mixed system supplier must collect samples annually,
the first annual monitoring period to begin on the date on which
the Agency makes its determination pursuant to Section
611.353(b)(4) or 611.353(b)(2).
112
2) A supplier is not required to conduct source water sampling for lead or
copper if the supplier meets the action level for the specific contaminant in
all tap water samples collected during the entire source water sampling
period applicable under subsection (d)(1)(A) or (d)(1)(B) of this Section.
e) Reduced monitoring frequency.
1) A GWS supplier may reduce the monitoring frequency for lead and copper
in source water to once during each nine-year compliance cycle (as that
term is defined in Section 611.101) if the supplier meets one of the
following criteria:
A) The supplier demonstrates that finished drinking water entering the
distribution system has been maintained below the maximum
permissible lead and copper concentrations specified by the State
in Section 611.353(b)(4) during at least three consecutive
compliance periods under subsection (d)(1) of this Section; or
B) The Agency has determined, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section
611.110, that source water treatment is not needed and the system
demonstrates that, during at least three consecutive compliance
periods in which sampling was conducted under subsection (d)(1)
of this Section, the concentration of lead in source water was less
than or equal to 0.005 mg/
ℓ
and the concentration of copper in
source water was less than or equal to 0.65 mg/
ℓ
.
2) A SWS or mixed system supplier may reduce the monitoring frequency in
subsection (d)(1) of this Section to once during each nine-year compliance
cycle (as that term is defined in Section 611.101) if the supplier meets one
of the following criteria:
A) The supplier demonstrates that finished drinking water entering the
distribution system has been maintained below the maximum
permissible lead and copper concentrations specified by the
Agency under Section 611.353(b)(4) for at least three consecutive
years; or
B) The Agency has determined, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section
611.110, that source water treatment is not needed and the supplier
demonstrates that, during at least three consecutive years, the
concentration of lead in source water was less than or equal to
0.005 mg/
ℓ
and the concentration of copper in source water was
less than or equal to 0.65 mg/
ℓ
.
3) A supplier that uses a new source of water is not eligible for reduced
monitoring for lead or copper until it demonstrates by samples collected
113
from the new source during three consecutive monitoring periods, of the
appropriate duration provided by subsection (d)(1) of this Section, that
lead or copper concentrations are below the MPC as specified by the
Agency pursuant to Section 611.353(a)(4).
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.88 (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.360 Reporting
A supplier must report all of the following information to the Agency in accordance with this
Section.
a) Reporting for tap, lead, and copper, and water quality parameter monitoring.
1) Except as provided in subsection (a)(1)(viii) of this Section, a supplier
must report the following information for all samples specified in Section
611.356 and for all water quality parameter samples specified in Section
611.357 within ten days of the end of each applicable sampling period
specified in Sections 611.356 and 611.357 (i.e., every six months,
annually, every three years, or every nine years).
A) The results of all tap samples for lead and copper, including the
location of each site and the criteria under Section 611.356(a)(3)
through (a)(7) under which the site was selected for the supplier’s
sampling pool;
B) Documentation for each tap water lead or copper sample for which
the water supplier requests invalidation pursuant to Section
611.356(f)(2);
C) This subsection (a)(1)(C) corresponds with 40 CFR
141.90(a)(1)(iii), a provision that USEPA removed and marked
“reserved.” This statement preserves structural parity with the
federal rules;
D) The 90th percentile lead and copper concentrations measured from
among all lead and copper tap samples collected during each
sampling period (calculated in accordance with Section
611.350(c)(3)), unless the Agency calculates the system’s 90th
percentile lead and copper levels under subsection (h) of this
Section;
E) With the exception of initial tap sampling conducted pursuant to
Section 611.356(d)(1), the supplier must designate any site that
114
was not sampled during previous sampling periods, and include an
explanation of why sampling sites have changed;
F) The results of all tap samples for pH, and where applicable,
alkalinity, calcium, conductivity, temperature, and orthophosphate
or silica collected pursuant to Section 611.357(b) through (e);
G) The results of all samples collected at entry points for applicable
water quality parameters pursuant to Section 611.357(b) through
(e).
H) A water supplier must report the results of all water quality
parameter samples collected under Section 611.357(c) through (f)
during each six-month monitoring period specified in Section
611.357(d) within the first 10 days following the end of the
monitoring period, unless the Agency has specified, by a SEP
granted pursuant to Section 611.110, a more frequent reporting
requirement.
2) For a NTNCWS supplier, or a CWS supplier meeting the criteria of
Sections 611.355(c)(7)(A) and (c)(7)(B), that does not have enough taps
which can provide first-draw samples, the supplier must do either of the
following:
A) Provide written documentation to the Agency that identifies
standing times and locations for enough non-first-draw samples to
make up its sampling pool under Section 611.356(b)(5) by the start
of the first applicable monitoring period under Section 611.356(d)
that commences commenced after April 11, 2000, unless the
Agency has waived prior Agency approval of non-first-draw
sample sites selected by the supplier pursuant to Section
611.356(b)(5); or
B) If the Agency has waived prior approval of non-first-draw sample
sites selected by the supplier, identify, in writing, each site that did
not meet the six-hour minimum standing time and the length of
standing time for that particular substitute sample collected
pursuant to Section 611.356(b)(5) and include this information
with the lead and copper tap sample results required to be
submitted pursuant to subsection (a)(1)(A) of this Section.
3) No later than 60 days after the addition of a new source or any change in
water treatment, unless the Agency requires earlier notification, a water
supplier deemed to have optimized corrosion control under Section
611.351(b)(3), a water supplier subject to reduced monitoring pursuant to
Section 611.356(d)(4), or a water supplier subject to a monitoring waiver
115
pursuant to Section 611.356(g), must send written documentation to the
Agency describing the change. In those instances where prior Agency
approval of the treatment change or new source is not required, USEPA
has stated that it encourages water systems to provide the notification to
the Agency beforehand to minimize the risk the treatment change or new
source will adversely affect optimal corrosion control.
4) Any small system supplier applying for a monitoring waiver under Section
611.356(g), or subject to a waiver granted pursuant to Section
611.356(g)(3), must provide the following information to the Agency in
writing by the specified deadline:
A) By the start of the first applicable monitoring period in Section
611.356(d), any small water system supplier applying for a
monitoring waiver must provide the documentation required to
demonstrate that it meets the waiver criteria of Sections
611.356(g)(1) and (g)(2).
B) No later than nine years after the monitoring previously conducted
pursuant to Section 611.356(g)(2) or Section 611.356(g)(4)(A),
each small system supplier desiring to maintain its monitoring
waiver must provide the information required by Sections
611.356(g)(4)(A) and (g)(4)(B).
C) No later than 60 days after it becomes aware that it is no longer
free of lead-containing or copper-containing material, as
appropriate, each small system supplier with a monitoring waiver
must provide written notification to the Agency, setting forth the
circumstances resulting in the lead-containing or copper-
containing materials being introduced into the system and what
corrective action, if any, the supplier plans to remove these
materials.
D) By October 10, 2000, any small system supplier with a waiver
granted prior to April 11, 2000 and that had not previously met the
requirements of Section 611.356(g)(2) must have provided the
information required by that subsection.
5) Each GWS supplier that limits water quality parameter monitoring to a
subset of entry points under Section 611.357(c)(3) must provide, by the
commencement of such monitoring, written correspondence to the Agency
that identifies the selected entry points and includes information sufficient
to demonstrate that the sites are representative of water quality and
treatment conditions throughout the system.
b) Reporting for source water monitoring.
116
1) A supplier must report the sampling results for all source water samples
collected in accordance with Section 611.358 within ten days of the end of
each source water sampling period (i.e., annually, per compliance period,
per compliance cycle) specified in Section 611.358.
2) With the exception of the first round of source water sampling conducted
pursuant to Section 611.358(b), a supplier must specify any site that was
not sampled during previous sampling periods, and include an explanation
of why the sampling point has changed.
c) Reporting for corrosion control treatment. By the applicable dates under Section
611.351, a supplier must report the following information:
1) For a supplier demonstrating that it has already optimized corrosion
control, the information required by Section 611.352(b)(2) or (b)(3).
2) For a supplier required to optimize corrosion control, its recommendation
regarding optimal corrosion control treatment pursuant to Section
611.352(a).
3) For a supplier required to evaluate the effectiveness of corrosion control
treatments pursuant to Section 611.352(c), the information required by
Section 611.352(c).
4) For a supplier required to install optimal corrosion control approved by
the Agency pursuant to Section 611.352(d), a copy of the Agency permit
letter, which acts as certification that the supplier has completed installing
the permitted treatment.
d) Reporting for source water treatment. On or before the applicable dates in
Section 611.353, a supplier must provide the following information to the
Agency:
1) If required by Section 611.353(b)(1), its recommendation regarding source
water treatment; or
2) For suppliers required to install source water treatment pursuant to Section
611.353(b)(2), a copy of the Agency permit letter, which acts as
certification that the supplier has completed installing the treatment
approved by the Agency within 24 months after the Agency approved the
treatment.
e) Reporting for lead service line replacement. A supplier must report the following
information to the Agency to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of
Section 611.354:
117
1) Within 12 months after a supplier exceeds the lead action level in
sampling referred to in Section 611.354(a), the supplier must report each
of the following to the Agency in writing:
A) A demonstration that it has conducted a materials evaluation,
including the evaluation required by Section 611.356(a);
B) Identify the initial number of lead service lines in its distribution
system; and
C) Provide the Agency with the supplier’s schedule for annually
replacing at least seven percent of the initial number of lead
service lines in its distribution system.
2) Within 12 months after a supplier exceeds the lead action level in
sampling referred to in Section 611.354(a), and every 12 months
thereafter, the supplier must demonstrate to the Agency in writing that the
supplier has done either of the following:
A) Replaced in the previous 12 months at least seven percent of the
initial number of lead service lines in its distribution system (or
any greater number of lines specified by the Agency pursuant to
Section 611.354(e)); or
B) Conducted sampling that demonstrates that the lead concentration
in all service line samples from individual lines, taken pursuant to
Section 611.356(b)(3), is less than or equal to 0.015 mg/
ℓ
.
C) Where the supplier makes a demonstration under subsection
(e)(2)(B) of this Section, the total number of lines that the supplier
has replaced, combined with the total number that meet the criteria
of Section 611.354(b), must equal at least seven percent of the
initial number of lead lines identified pursuant to subsection (a) of
this Section (or the percentage specified by the Agency pursuant to
Section 611.354(e)).
3) The annual letter submitted to the Agency pursuant to subsection (e)(2) of
this Section must contain the following information:
A) The number of lead service lines originally scheduled to be
replaced during the previous year of the supplier’s replacement
schedule;
B) The number and location of each lead service line actually
replaced during the previous year of the supplier’s replacement
118
schedule; and
C) If measured, the water lead concentration from each lead service
line sampled pursuant to Section 611.356(b)(3) and the location of
each lead service line sampled, the sampling method used, and the
date of sampling.
4) Any supplier that collects lead service line samples following partial lead
service line replacement required by Section 611.354 must report the
results to the Agency within the first ten days of the month following the
month in which the supplier receives the laboratory results, or as specified
by the Agency. The Agency may, by a SEP granted pursuant to Section
611.110, eliminate this requirement to report these monitoring results. A
supplier must also report any additional information as specified by the
Agency, and in a time and manner prescribed by the Agency, to verify that
all partial lead service line replacement activities have taken place.
f) Reporting for public education program.
1) Any water supplier that is subject to the public education requirements in
Section 611.355 must, within ten days after the end of each period in
which the supplier is required to perform public education tasks in
accordance with Section 611.355(c), send written documentation to the
Agency that contains the following:
A) A demonstration that the supplier has delivered the public
education materials that meet the content requirements in Sections
611.355(a) and (b) and the delivery requirements in Section
611.355(c); and
B) A list of all the newspapers, radio stations, television stations, and
facilities and organizations to which the supplier delivered public
education materials during the period in which the supplier was
required to perform public education tasks.
2) Unless required by the Agency, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section
611.110, a supplier that previously has submitted the information required
by subsection (f)(1)(B) of this Section need not resubmit the information
required by subsection (f)(1)(B) of this Section, as long as there have been
no changes in the distribution list and the supplier certifies that the public
education materials were distributed to the same list submitted previously.
g) Reporting of additional monitoring data. Any supplier that collects sampling data
in addition to that required by this Subpart G must report the results of that
sampling to the Agency within the first ten days following the end of the
applicable sampling periods specified by Sections 611.356 through 611.358
119
during which the samples are collected.
h) Reporting of 90th percentile lead and copper concentrations where the Agency
calculates a system’s 90th percentile concentrations. A water supplier is not
required to report the 90th percentile lead and copper concentrations measured
from among all lead and copper tap water samples collected during each
monitoring period, as required by subsection (a)(1)(D) of this Section if the
following is true:
1) The Agency has previously notified the water supplier that it will calculate
the water system’s 90th percentile lead and copper concentrations, based
on the lead and copper tap results submitted pursuant to subsection
(h)(2)(A) of this Section, and has specified a date before the end of the
applicable monitoring period by which the supplier must provide the
results of lead and copper tap water samples;
2) The supplier has provided the following information to the Agency by the
date specified in subsection (h)(1) of this Section:
A) The results of all tap samples for lead and copper including the
location of each site and the criteria under Section 611.356(a)(3),
(a)(4), (a)(5), (a)(6), or (a)(7) under which the site was selected for
the system’s sampling pool, pursuant to subsection (a)(1)(A) of
this Section; and
B) An identification of sampling sites utilized during the current
monitoring period that were not sampled during previous
monitoring periods, and an explanation why sampling sites have
changed; and
3) The Agency has provided the results of the 90th percentile lead and
copper calculations, in writing, to the water supplier before the end of the
monitoring period.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.90 (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
SUBPART N: INORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section 611.600 Applicability
The following types of suppliers must conduct monitoring to determine compliance with the old
MCLs in Section 611.300 and the revised MCLs in 611.301, as appropriate, in accordance with
this Subpart N:
120
a) CWS suppliers.
b) NTNCWS suppliers.
c) Transient non-CWS suppliers to determine compliance with the nitrate and nitrite
MCLs.
d) Detection limits. The following are detection limits for purposes of this Subpart
N (MCLs from Section 611.301 are set forth for information purposes only):
Contaminant
MCL (mg/
ℓ
, ex-
cept asbestos)
Method
Detection
Limit (mg/
ℓ
)
Antimony 0.006
Atomic absorption-furnace
technique
0.003
Atomic
absorption-furnace
technique (stabilized
temperature)
0.0008
5
Inductively-coupled
plasma-mass spectrometry
0.0004
Atomic
absorption-gaseous
hydride technique
0.001
Arsenic
0.01
0.010
6
Atomic absorption-furnace
technique
0.001
Atomic
absorption-furnace
technique (stabilized
temperature)
0.00005
7
Atomic
absorption-gaseous
hydride technique
0.001
Inductively-coupled
plasma-mass spectrometry
0.0014
8
Asbestos 7 MFL
1
Transmission electron
microscopy
0.01 MFL
Barium 2
Atomic absorption-furnace
technique
0.002
Atomic
absorption-direct
aspiration technique
0.1
Inductively-coupled
plasma
arc furnace
0.002
Inductively-coupled
plasma
0.001
Beryllium 0.004
Atomic absorption-furnace
0.0002
121
technique
Atomic
absorption-furnace
technique (stabilized
temperature)
0.00002
5
Inductively-coupled
plasma
2
0.0003
Inductively-coupled
plasma-mass spectrometry
0.0003
Cadmium 0.005
Atomic absorption-furnace
technique
0.0001
Inductively-coupled
plasma
0.001
Chromium 0.1
Atomic absorption-furnace
technique
0.001
Inductively-coupled
plasma
0.007
Inductively-coupled
plasma
0.001
Cyanide 0.2
Distillation,
spectrophotometric
3
0.02
Automated
distillation,
spectrophotometric
3
0.005
Distillation,
selective
electrode
3
0.05
Distillation,
amenable,
spectrophotometric
4
0.02
UV,
distillation,
spectrophotometric
0.0005
Distillation,
spectrophotometric
0.0006
Mercury
0.002
Manual cold vapor
technique
0.0002
Automated
cold
vapor
technique
0.0002
Nickel
No MCL
Atomic absorption-furnace
technique
0.001
Atomic
absorption-furnace
technique (stabilized
temperature)
0.0006
5
Inductively-coupled
plasma
2
0.005
Inductively-coupled
plasma-mass spectrometry
0.0005
122
Nitrate (as N)
10
Manual cadmium reduction
0.01
Automated
hydrazine
reduction
0.01
Automated
cadmium
reduction
0.05
Ion-selective
electrode
1
Ion
chromatography
0.01
Nitrite (as N)
1
Spectrophotometric
0.01
Automated
cadmium
reduction
0.05
Manual
cadmium
reduction
0.01
Ion
chromatography
0.004
Selenium 0.05
Atomic absorption-furnace
technique
0.002
Atomic
absorption-gaseous
hydride technique
0.002
Thallium 0.002
Atomic absorption-furnace
technique
0.001
Atomic
absorption-furnace
technique (stabilized
temperature)
0.0007
5
Inductively-coupled
plasma-mass spectrometry
0.0003
Footnotes.
1 “MFL” means millions of fibers per liter less than 10
µ
m.
2 Using a 2
×
preconcentration step as noted in Method 200.7. Lower MDLs
may be achieved when using a 4
×
preconcentration.
3 Screening method for total cyanides.
4 Measures “free” cyanides.
5 Lower MDLs are reported using stabilized temperature graphite furnace
atomic absorbtion.
6 The value for arsenic is effective January 23, 2006. Until then, the MCL is
0.05 mg/
ℓ
.
7 The MDL reported for USEPA Method 200.9 (atomic absorption-platform
furnace (stabilized temperature)) was determined using a 2
×
concentration
step during sample digestion. The MDL determined for samples analyzed
using direct analyses (i.e., no sample digestion) will be higher. Using
multiple depositions, USEPA Method 200.9 is capable of obtaining an MDL
of 0.0001 mg/
ℓ
.
8 Using selective ion monitoring, USEPA Method 200.8 (ICP-MS) is capable of
obtaining an MDL of 0.0001 mg/
ℓ
.
123
BOARD NOTE: Subsections (a) through (c) of this Section are derived from 40 CFR 141.23
preamble (2002) (2003), and subsection (d) of this Section is derived from 40 CFR
141.23(a)(4)(i) (2002) (2003). See the Board Note at Section 611.301(b) relating to the MCL for
nickel.
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.601 Monitoring Frequency
Monitoring must be conducted as follows:
a) Required sampling.
1) Each supplier must take a minimum of one sample at each sampling point
at the times required by Section 611.610 beginning in the initial
compliance period.
2) Each sampling point must produce samples that are representative of the
water from each source after treatment or from each treatment plant, as
required by subsection (b) of this Section. The total number of sampling
points must be representative of the water delivered to users throughout
the PWS.
3) The supplier must take each sample at the same sampling point unless
conditions make another sampling point more representative of each
source or treatment plant and the Agency has granted a SEP pursuant to
subsection (b)(5) of this Section.
b) Sampling points.
1) Sampling points for GWSs. Unless otherwise provided by SEP, a GWS
supplier must take at least one sample from each of the following points:
each entry point that is representative of each well after treatment.
2) Sampling points for an SWS or a mixed system supplier . Unless otherwise
provided by SEP, an SWS or mixed system supplier must take at least one
sample from each of the following points:
A) Each entry point after the application of treatment; or
B) A point in the distribution system that is representative of each
source after treatment.
3) If a supplier draws water from more than one source, and the sources are
combined before distribution, the supplier must sample at an entry point
during periods of normal operating conditions when water is
124
representative of all sources being used.
4) Additional sampling points. The Agency must, by SEP, designate
additional sampling points in the distribution system or at the consumer’s
tap if it determines that such samples are necessary to more accurately
determine consumer exposure.
5) Alternative sampling points. The Agency must, by SEP, approve alternate
sampling points if the supplier demonstrates that the points are more
representative than the generally required point.
c) This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.23(a)(4), an optional provision
relating to compositing of samples that USEPA does not require for state
programs. This statement maintains structural consistency with USEPA rules.
d) The frequency of monitoring for the following contaminants must be in
accordance with the following Sections:
1) Asbestos: Section 611.602;
2) Antimony, arsenic (effective February 22, 2002), barium, beryllium,
cadmium, chromium, cyanide, fluoride, mercury, nickel, selenium, and
thallium: Section 611.603;
3) Nitrate: Section 611.604; and
4) Nitrite: Section 611.605.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(a) and (c) (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.611 Inorganic Analysis
Analytical methods are from documents incorporated by reference in Section 611.102. These are
mostly referenced by a short name defined by Section 611.102(a). Other abbreviations are
defined in Section 611.101.
a) Analysis for the following contaminants must be conducted using the following
methods or an alternative approved pursuant to Section 611.480. Criteria for
analyzing arsenic, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, selenium, sodium, and
thallium with digestion or directly without digestion, and other analytical
procedures, are contained in USEPA Technical Notes, incorporated by reference
in Section 611.102. (This document also contains approved analytical test
methods that remained available for compliance monitoring until July 1, 1996.
These methods are not available for use after July 1, 1996.)
125
BOARD NOTE: Because MDLs reported in USEPA Environmental Metals
Methods 200.7 and 200.9 were determined using a 2
×
preconcentration step
during sample digestion, MDLs determined when samples are analyzed by direct
analysis (i.e., no sample digestion) will be higher. For direct analysis of cadmium
and arsenic by USEPA Environmental Metals Method 200.7, and arsenic by
Standard Method 3120 B sample preconcentration using pneumatic nebulization
may be required to achieve lower detection limits. Preconcentration may also be
required for direct analysis of antimony, lead, and thallium by USEPA
Environmental Metals Method 200.9; antimony and lead by Standard Method
3113 B; and lead by ASTM Method D3559-90D unless multiple in-furnace
depositions are made.
1) Alkalinity.
A) Titrimetric.
i) ASTM Method D1067-92 B; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 2320 B.
B) Electrometric titration: USGS Methods: Method I-1030-85.
2) Antimony.
A) Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: USEPA
Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8.
B) Atomic absorption, hydride technique: ASTM Method D3697-92.
C) Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: USEPA
Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9.
D) Atomic absorption, furnace technique: Standard Methods, 18th or
19th ed.: Method 3113 B.
3) Arsenic.
BOARD NOTE: If ultrasonic nebulization is used in the determination of
arsenic by Methods 200.7, 200.8, or SM 3120 B, the arsenic must be in the
pentavalent state to provide uniform signal response. For methods 200.7
and 3120 B, both samples and standards must be diluted in the same
mixed acid matrix concentration of nitric and hydrochloric acid with the
addition of 100 μ
ℓ
of 30% hydrogen peroxide per 100 m
ℓ
of solution. For
direct analysis of arsenic with method 200.8 using ultrasonic nebulization,
samples and standards must contain one mg/
ℓ
of sodium hypochlorite.
126
A) Inductively-coupled plasma.
BOARD NOTE: Effective January 23, 2006, a supplier may no
longer employ analytical methods using the ICP-AES technology
because the detection limits for these methods are 0.008 mg/
ℓ
or
higher. This restriction means that the two ICP-AES methods
(USEPA Environmental Metals Method 200.7 and Standard
Methods, Method 3120 B) approved for use for the MCL of 0.05
mg/
ℓ
may not be used for compliance determinations for the
revised MCL of 0.01 0.010 mg/
ℓ
. However, prior to the 2005
through 2007 compliance period, a supplier may have compliance
samples analyzed with these less sensitive methods.
i) USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 3120 B.
B) Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: USEPA
Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8.
C) Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: USEPA
Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9.
D) Atomic absorption, furnace technique.
i) ASTM Method D2972-97 C; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3113 B.
E) Atomic absorption, hydride technique.
i) ASTM Method D2972-97 B; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3114 B.
4) Asbestos: Transmission electron microscopy: USEPA Asbestos
Methods-100.1 and USEPA Asbestos Methods-100.2.
5) Barium.
A) Inductively-coupled plasma.
i) USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 3120 B.
127
B) Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: USEPA
Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8.
C) Atomic absorption, direct aspiration technique: Standard Methods,
18th or 19th ed.: Method 3111 D.
D) Atomic absorption, furnace technique: Standard Methods, 18th,
19th ed.: Method 3113 B.
6) Beryllium.
A) Inductively-coupled plasma.
i) USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 3120 B.
B) Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: USEPA
Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8.
C) Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: USEPA
Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9.
D) Atomic absorption, furnace technique.
i) ASTM Method D3645-97 B; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3113 B.
7) Cadmium.
A) Inductively-coupled plasma arc furnace: USEPA Environmental
Metals Methods: Method 200.7.
B) Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: USEPA
Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8.
C) Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: USEPA
Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9.
D) Atomic absorption, furnace technique: Standard Methods, 18th or
19th ed.: Method 3113 B.
8) Calcium.
128
A) EDTA titrimetric.
i) ASTM Method D511-93 A; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 3500-
Ca D.
B) Atomic absorption, direct aspiration.
i) ASTM Method D511-93 B; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3111 B.
C) Inductively-coupled plasma.
i) USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 3120 B.
9) Chromium.
A) Inductively-coupled plasma.
i) USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 3120 B.
B) Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: USEPA
Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8.
C) Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: USEPA
Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9.
D) Atomic absorption, furnace technique: Standard Methods, 18th or
19th ed.: Method 3113 B.
10) Copper.
A) Atomic absorption, furnace technique.
i) ASTM Method D1688-95 C; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3113 B.
B) Atomic absorption, direct aspiration.
129
i) ASTM Method D1688-95 A; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3111 B.
C) Inductively-coupled plasma.
i) USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 3120 B.
D) Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: USEPA
Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8.
E) Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: USEPA
Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9.
11) Conductivity; Conductance.
A) ASTM Method D1125-95 A; or
B) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 2510 B.
12) Cyanide.
A) Manual distillation (ASTM Method D2036-98 A or Standard
Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-CN
-
C), followed
by spectrophotometric, amenable.
i) ASTM Method D2036-98 B; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-
CN
-
G.
B) Manual distillation (ASTM Method D2036-98 A or Standard
Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-CN
-
C), followed
by spectrophotometric, manual.
i) ASTM Method D2036-98 A;
ii) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-
CN
-
E; or
iii) USGS Methods: Method I-3300-85.
C) Manual distillation (ASTM Method D2036-98 A or Standard
Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-CN
-
C), followed
130
by semiautomated spectrophotometric: USEPA Environmental
Inorganic Methods: Method 335.4.
D) Selective electrode: Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.:
Method 4500-CN
-
F.
E) UV/Distillation/Spectrophotometric:
Kaleda Kelada 01.
F) Distillation/Spectrophotometric: QuickChem 10-204-00-1-X.
13) Fluoride.
A) Ion Chromatography.
i) USEPA Environmental Inorganic Methods: Method 300.0,
ii) ASTM Method D4327-97; or
iii) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4110 B.
B) Manual distillation, colorimetric SPADNS: Standard Methods,
18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-F
-
B and D.
C) Manual electrode.
i) ASTM Method D1179-93 B; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-F
-
C.
D) Automated electrode: Technicon Methods: Method 380-75WE.
E) Automated alizarin.
i) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-F
-
E; or
ii) Technicon Methods: Method 129-71W.
14) Lead.
A) Atomic absorption, furnace technique.
i) ASTM Method D3559-96 D; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3113 B.
131
B) Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: USEPA
Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8.
C) Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: USEPA
Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9.
D) Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry: Palintest
Method 1001.
15) Magnesium.
A) Atomic absorption.
i) ASTM Method D511-93 B; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3111 B.
B) Inductively-coupled plasma.
i) USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 3120 B.
C) Complexation titrimetric.
i) ASTM Method D511-93 A; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3500-Mg E.
iii) Standard Methods, 20th ed.: Method 3500-Mg B.
16) Mercury.
A) Manual cold vapor technique.
i) USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 245.1;
ii) ASTM Method D3223-97; or
iii) Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3112 B.
B) Automated cold vapor technique: USEPA Inorganic Methods:
Method 245.2.
C) Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: USEPA
132
Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8.
17) Nickel.
A) Inductively-coupled plasma.
i) USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 3120 B.
B) Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: USEPA
Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8.
C) Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: USEPA
Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9.
D) Atomic absorption, direct aspiration technique: Standard Methods,
18th or 19th ed.: Method 3111 B.
E) Atomic absorption, furnace technique: Standard Methods, 18th or
19th ed.: Method 3113 B.
18) Nitrate.
A) Ion chromatography.
i) USEPA Environmental Inorganic Methods: Method 300.0;
ii) ASTM Method D4327-97;
iii) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4110
B; or
iv) Waters Test Method B-1011, available from Millipore
Corporation.
B) Automated cadmium reduction.
i) USEPA Environmental Inorganic Methods: Method 353.2;
ii) ASTM Method D3867-90 A; or
iii) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-
NO3
-
F.
C) Ion selective electrode.
133
i) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-
NO3
-
D; or
ii) Technical Bulletin 601.
D) Manual cadmium reduction.
i) ASTM Method D3867-90 B; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-
NO3
-
E.
19) Nitrite.
A) Ion chromatography.
i) USEPA Environmental Inorganic Methods: Method 300.0;
ii) ASTM Method D4327-97;
iii) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4110
B; or
iv) Waters Test Method B-1011, available from Millipore
Corporation.
B) Automated cadmium reduction.
i) USEPA Environmental Inorganic Methods: Method 353.2;
ii) ASTM Method D3867-90 A; or
iii) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-
NO3
-
F.
C) Manual cadmium reduction.
i) ASTM Method D3867-90 B; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-
NO3
-
E.
D) Spectrophotometric: Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.:
Method 4500-NO2
-
B.
134
20) Orthophosphate (unfiltered, without digestion or hydrolysis).
A) Automated colorimetric, ascorbic acid.
i) USEPA Environmental Inorganic Methods: Method 365.1;
or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-P
F.
B) Single reagent colorimetric, ascorbic acid.
i) ASTM Method D515-88 A; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-P
E.
C) Colorimetric, phosphomolybdate: USGS Methods: Method I-
1601-85.
D) Colorimetric, phosphomolybdate, automated-segmented flow:
USGS Methods: Method I-2601-90.
E) Colorimetric, phosphomolybdate, automated discrete: USGS
Methods: Method I-2598-85.
F) Ion Chromatography.
i) USEPA Environmental Inorganic Methods: Method 300.0;
ii) ASTM Method D4327-97; or
iii) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4110 B.
21) pH.
A) Electrometric.
i) USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method 150.1;
ii) ASTM Method D1293-95; or
iii) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-
H+ B.
B) USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method 150.2.
135
22) Selenium.
A) Atomic absorption, hydride.
i) ASTM Method D3859-98 A; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3114 B.
B) Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: USEPA
Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8.
C) Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: USEPA
Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9.
D) Atomic absorption, furnace technique.
i) ASTM Method D3859-98 B; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3113 B.
23) Silica.
A) Colorimetric, molybdate blue: USGS Methods: Method I-1700-
85.
B) Colorimetric, molybdate blue, automated-segmented flow: USGS
Methods: Method I-2700-85.
C) Colorimetric: ASTM Method D859-95.
D) Molybdosilicate: Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method
4500-Si D or Standard Methods, 20th ed.: Method 4500-Si C.
E) Heteropoly blue: Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method
4500-Si E or Standard Methods, 20th ed.: Method 4500-Si D.
F) Automated method for molybdate-reactive silica: Standard
Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 4500-Si F or Standard
Methods, 20th ed.: Method 4500-Si E.
G) Inductively-coupled plasma.
i) USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7; or
ii) Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 3120 B.
136
24) Sodium.
A) Inductively-coupled plasma: USEPA Environmental Metals
Methods: Method 200.7.
B) Atomic absorption, direct aspiration: Standard Methods, 18th or
19th ed.: Method 3111 B.
25) Temperature; thermometric: Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.:
Method 2550.
26) Thallium.
A) Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: USEPA
Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8.
B) Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: USEPA
Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9.
b) Sample collection for antimony, arsenic (effective January 22, 2004), asbestos,
barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide, fluoride, mercury, nickel,
nitrate, nitrite, selenium, and thallium pursuant to Sections 611.600 through
611.604 must be conducted using the following sample preservation, container,
and maximum holding time procedures:
BOARD NOTE: For cyanide determinations samples must be adjusted with
sodium hydroxide to pH 12 at the time of collection. When chilling is indicated
the sample must be shipped and stored at 4
°
C or less. Acidification of nitrate or
metals samples may be with a concentrated acid or a dilute (50% by volume)
solution of the applicable concentrated acid. Acidification of samples for metals
analysis is encouraged and allowed at the laboratory rather than at the time of
sampling provided the shipping time and other instructions in Section 8.3 of
USEPA Environmental Metals Method 200.7, 200.8, or 200.9 is are followed.
1) Antimony.
A) Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2.
B) Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C) Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection
as possible, but in any event within 6 six months.
2) Arsenic.
137
A) Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2.
B) Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C) Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection
as possible, but in any event within 6 six months.
3) Asbestos.
A) Preservative: Cool to 4° C.
B) Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C) Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection
as possible, but in any event within 48 hours.
4) Barium.
A) Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2.
B) Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C) Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection
as possible, but in any event within 6 six months.
5) Beryllium.
A) Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2.
B) Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C) Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection
as possible, but in any event within six months.
6) Cadmium.
A) Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2.
B) Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C) Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection
as possible, but in any event within six months.
7) Chromium.
A) Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2.
138
B) Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C) Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection
as possible, but in any event within six months.
8) Cyanide.
A) Preservative: Cool to 4° C. Add sodium hydroxide to pH greater
than 12. See the analytical methods for information on sample
preservation.
B) Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C) Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection
as possible, but in any event within 14 days.
9) Fluoride.
A) Preservative: None.
B) Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C) Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection
as possible, but in any event within one month.
10) Mercury.
A) Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2.
B) Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C) Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection
as possible, but in any event within 28 days.
11) Nickel.
A) Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2.
B) Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C) Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection
as possible, but in any event within six months.
12) Nitrate, chlorinated.
139
A) Preservative: Cool to 4° C.
B) Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C) Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection
as possible, but in any event within 14 days.
13) Nitrate, non-chlorinated.
A) Preservative: Concentrated sulfuric acid to pH less than 2.
B) Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C) Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection
as possible, but in any event within 14 days.
14) Nitrite.
A) Preservative: Cool to 4° C.
B) Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C) Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection
as possible, but in any event within 48 hours.
15) Selenium.
A) Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2.
B) Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C) Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection
as possible, but in any event within six months.
16) Thallium.
A) Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2.
B) Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C) Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection
as possible, but in any event within six months.
c) Analyses under this Subpart N must be conducted by laboratories that received
approval from USEPA or the Agency. The Agency must certify laboratories to
conduct analyses for antimony, arsenic (effective January 23, 2006), asbestos,
140
barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide, fluoride, mercury, nickel,
nitrate, nitrite, selenium, and thallium if the laboratory does as follows:
1) It analyzes performance evaluation (PE) samples, provided by the Agency
pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 186, that include those substances at levels
not in excess of levels expected in drinking water; and
2) It achieves quantitative results on the analyses within the following
acceptance limits:
A) Antimony: ± 30% at greater than or equal to 0.006 mg/
ℓ
.
B) Arsenic:
±
30% at greater than or equal to 0.003 mg/
ℓ
.
C) Asbestos: 2 standard deviations based on study statistics.
D) Barium: ± 15% at greater than or equal to 0.15 mg/
ℓ
.
E) Beryllium: ± 15% at greater than or equal to 0.001 mg/
ℓ
.
F) Cadmium: ± 20% at greater than or equal to 0.002 mg/
ℓ
.
G) Chromium: ± 15% at greater than or equal to 0.01 mg/
ℓ
.
H) Cyanide: ± 25% at greater than or equal to 0.1 mg/
ℓ
.
I) Fluoride: ± 10% at 1 to 10 mg/
ℓ
.
J) Mercury: ± 30% at greater than or equal to 0.0005 mg/
ℓ
.
K) Nickel: ± 15% at greater than or equal to 0.01 mg/
ℓ
.
L) Nitrate: ± 10% at greater than or equal to 0.4 mg/
ℓ
.
M) Nitrite: ± 15% at greater than or equal to 0.4 mg/
ℓ
.
N) Selenium: ± 20% at greater than or equal to 0.01 mg/
ℓ
.
O) Thallium: ± 30% at greater than or equal to 0.002 mg/
ℓ
.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(k) (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 27 Ill. Reg. 16447, effective October 10, 2003)
141
Section 611.631 Special Monitoring for Inorganic Chemicals (Repealed)
Section 611.510 sets forth requirements for the special monitoring of unregulated inorganic
contaminants.
(Source: Repealed at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
SUBPART O: ORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section 611.640 Definitions
The following terms are defined for use in this Subpart O only. Additional definitions are
located in Section 611.102.
“Old MCL” means an MCL in Section 611.310. These include the MCLs
identified as “additional state requirements.” and those derived from 40 CFR
141.12, but excluding TTHM. “Old MCLs” include the Section 611.310 MCLs
for the following contaminants:
Aldrin
2,4-D
DDT
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
BOARD NOTE: 2,4-D, heptachlor, and heptachlor epoxide are also
“Phase II SOCs.”. The additional state requirements of Section 611.310
impose a more stringent “old MCL” for each of these compounds than that
imposed on them as Phase II SOCs by Section 611.311. However, the
requirements for sampling and monitoring for these compounds as Phase
II SOCs and the consequences of their detection and violation of their
revised MCLs is more stringent as Phase II SOCs.
“Phase II SOCs” means the following:
Alachlor
Atrazine
Carbofuran
Chlordane
Dibromochloropropane
Ethylene dibromide
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
Lindane
Methoxychlor
142
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Toxaphene
2,4-D
2,4,5-TP
BOARD NOTE: These are organic contaminants regulated at 40 CFR
141.61(c)(1) through (c)(18) (2002) (2003). The MCLs for these
contaminants are located at Section 611.311. More stringent MCLs for
heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, and 2,4-D are found as “additional state
requirements” in Section 611.310.
“Phase IIB SOCs” means the following:
Aldicarb
Aldicarb Sulfone
Aldicarb Sulfoxide
Pentachlorophenol
BOARD NOTE: These are organic contaminants regulated at 40 CFR
141.61(c)(1) through (c)(18) (2002) (2003). The MCLs for these contaminants
are located at Section 611.311. See the Board note appended to Section
611.311(c) for information relating to implementation of requirements relating to
aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, and aldicarb sulfoxide.
“Phase V SOCs” means the following:
Benzo(a)pyrene
Dalapon
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Dinoseb
Diquat
Endothall
Endrin
Glyphosate
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Oxamyl
Picloram
Simazine
2,3,7,8-TCDD
BOARD NOTE: These are organic contaminants regulated at 40 CFR
141.61(c)(19) through (c)(33) (2002) (2003). The MCLs for these
contaminants are located at Section 611.311.
“Phase I VOCs” means the following:
Benzene
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Carbon tetrachloride
p-Dichlorobenzene.
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethylene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Vinyl chloride
BOARD NOTE: These are the organic contaminants regulated at 40 CFR
141.61(a)(1) through (a)(8) (2002) (2003). The MCLs for these
contaminants are located at Section 611.311(a).
“Phase II VOCs” means the following:
o-Dichlorobenzene
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene
1,2-Dichloropropane
Ethylbenzene
Monochlorobenzene
Styrene
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
Xylenes (total)
BOARD NOTE: These are organic contaminants regulated at 40 CFR
141.61(a)(9) through (a)(18) (2002) (2003). The MCLs for these
contaminants are in Section 611.311(a).
“Phase V VOCs” means the following:
Dichloromethane
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
BOARD NOTE: These are the organic contaminants regulated at 40 CFR
141.61(a)(19) through (a)(21) (2002) (2003). The MCLs for these
contaminants are located at Section 611.311(a).
“Revised MCL” means an MCL in Section 611.311. This term includes MCLs
for Phase I VOCs, Phase II VOCs, Phase V VOCs, Phase II SOCs, Phase IIB
SOCs, and Phase V SOCs.
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.645 Analytical Methods for Organic Chemical Contaminants
Analysis for the Section 611.311(a) VOCs under Section 611.646; the Section 611.311(c) SOCs
under Section 611.648; the Section 611.310 old organic MCLs under Section 611.641; and for
144
THMs, TTHMs, and TTHM potential must be conducted using the methods listed in this Section
or by equivalent methods as approved by the Agency pursuant to Section 611.480. All methods
are from USEPA Organic Methods, unless otherwise indicated. All methods are incorporated by
reference in Section 611.102.
Volatile Organic Chemical Contaminants (VOCs).
Contaminant Analytical
Methods
Benzene 502.2,
524.2
Carbon tetrachloride
502.2, 524.2, 551.1
Chlorobenzene 502.2,
524.2
1,2-Dichlorobenzene 502.2,
524.2
1,4-Dichlorobenzene 502.2,
524.2
1,2-Dichloroethane 502.2,
524.2
cis-Dichloroethylene 502.2,
524.2
trans-Dichloroethylene 502.2,
524.2
Dichloromethane 502.2,
524.2
1,2-Dichloropropane 502.2,
524.2
Ethylbenzene 502.2,
524.2
Styrene 502.2,
524.2
Tetrachloroethylene
502.2, 524.2, 551.1
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
502.2, 524.2, 551.1
Trichloroethylene
502.2, 524.2, 551.1
Toluene 502.2,
524.2
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 502.2,
524.2
1,1-Dichloroethylene 502.2,
524.2
1,1,2-Trichloroethane 502.2,
524.2
Vinyl chloride
502.2, 524.2
Xylenes (total)
502.2, 524.2
Synthetic Organic Chemical Contaminants (SOCs).
Contaminant Analytical
Methods
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD or
dioxin)
Dioxin and Furan Method
1613
2,4-D
515.2, 555, 515.1, 515.3,
515.4, ASTM Method
D5317-93
2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
515.2, 555, 515.1, 515.3,
515.4, ASTM Method
D5317-93
Alachlor
505*, 507, 508.1, 525.2,
551.1
Atrazine
505*, 507, 508.1, 525.2,
551.1
Benzo(a)pyrene
525.2, 550, 550.1
145
Carbofuran
531.1, 531.2, Standard
Methods, 18th ed.
Supplement, 19th ed., or
20th ed.: Method 6610
Chlordane
505, 508, 508.1, 525.2
Dalapon
515.1, 552.1, 552.2, 515.3,
515.4
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate 506,
525.2
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 506,
525.2
Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)
504.1, 551.1
Dinoseb
515.1, 515.2, 515.3, 515.4,
555
Diquat 549.1
Endothall 548.1
Endrin
505, 508, 508.1, 525.2,
551.1
Ethylene Dibromide (EDB)
504.1, 551.1
Glyphosate
547, Standard Methods,
18th ed., 19th ed., or 20th
ed.: Method 6651
Heptachlor
505, 508, 508.1, 525.2,
551.1
Heptachlor Epoxide
505, 508, 508.1, 525.2,
551.1
Hexachlorobenzene
505, 508, 508.1, 525.2,
551.1
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
505, 508, 508.1, 525.2,
551.1
Lindane
505, 508, 508.1, 525.2,
551.1
Methoxychlor
505, 508, 508.1, 525.2,
551.1
Oxamyl
531.1, 531.2, Standard
Methods, 18th ed.
Supplement, 19th ed., or
20th ed.: Method 6610
PCBs (measured for compliance purposes as
decchlorobiphenyl)
508A
PCBs (qualitatively identified as Aroclors)
505, 508, 508.1, 525.2
Pentachlorophenol
515.1, 515.2, 525.2, 555,
515.3, 515.4, ASTM
Method D5317-93
Picloram
515.1, 515.2, 555, 515.3,
515.4, ASTM Method
D5317-93
146
Simazine
505*, 507, 508.1, 525.2,
551.2
Toxaphene
505, 508, 525.2, 508.1
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs).
Contaminant Analytical
Methods
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs), Trihalomethanes
(THMs), and Maximum Total Trihalomethane Potential
502.2, 524.2, 551.1
State-Only MCLs (for which a method is not listed above).
Contaminant Analytical
Methods
Aldrin
505, 508, 508.1, 525.2
DDT 505,
508
Dieldrin
505, 508, 508.1, 525.2
* denotes that, for the particular contaminant, a nitrogen-phosphorus detector should be
substituted for the electron capture detector in method 505 (or another approved method should
be used) to determine alachlor, atrazine, and simazine if lower detection limits are required.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(e) (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.646 Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V Volatile Organic Contaminants
Monitoring of the Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs for the purpose of determining
compliance with the MCL must be conducted as follows:
a) Definitions. As used in this Section the following have the given meanings:
“Detect” and “detection” mean that the contaminant of interest is present
at a level greater than or equal to the “detection limit.”
“Detection limit” means 0.0005 mg/
ℓ
.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f)(7), (f)(11), (f)(14)(i),
and (f)(20) (2002) (2003). This is a “trigger level” for Phase I, Phase II,
and Phase V VOCs inasmuch as it prompts further action. The use of the
term “detect” in this Section is not intended to include any analytical
capability of quantifying lower levels of any contaminant, or the “method
detection limit.” Note, however, that certain language at the end of
federal paragraph (f)(20) is capable of meaning that the “method detection
limit” is used to derive the “detection limit.” The Board has chosen to
disregard that language at the end of paragraph (f)(20) in favor of the more
direct language of paragraphs (f)(7) and (f)(11).
147
“Method detection limit,” as used in subsections (q) and (t) of this Section
means the minimum concentration of a substance that can be measured
and reported with 99 percent confidence that the analyte concentration is
greater than zero and is determined from analysis of a sample in a given
matrix containing the analyte.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 136, Appendix B (2002) (2003).
The method detection limit is determined by the procedure set forth in 40
CFR 136, Appendix B. See subsection (t) of this Section.
b) Required sampling. Each supplier must take a minimum of one sample at each
sampling point at the times required in subsection (u) of this Section.
c) Sampling points.
1) Sampling points for a GWS. Unless otherwise provided by a SEP granted
by the Agency pursuant to Section 611.110, a GWS supplier must take at
least one sample from each of the following points: each entry point that
is representative of each well after treatment.
2) Sampling points for an SWS or mixed system supplier. Unless otherwise
provided by a SEP granted by the Agency pursuant to Section 611.110, an
SWS or mixed system supplier must sample from each of the following
points:
A) Each entry point after treatment; or
B) Points in the distribution system that are representative of each
source.
3) The supplier must take each sample at the same sampling point unless the
Agency has granted a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that designates
another location as more representative of each source, treatment plant, or
within the distribution system.
4) If a system draws water from more than one source, and the sources are
combined before distribution, the supplier must sample at an entry point
during periods of normal operating conditions when water is
representative of all sources being used.
BOARD NOTE: Subsections (b) and (c) of this Section derived from 40 CFR
141.24(f)(1) through (f)(3) (2002) (2003).
d) Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier must take four consecutive quarterly samples
for each of the Phase I VOCs, excluding vinyl chloride, and Phase II VOCs
during each compliance period, beginning in the compliance period starting in the
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initial compliance period.
e) Reduction to annual monitoring frequency. If the initial monitoring for the Phase
I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs, as allowed in subsection (r)(1) of this Section,
was completed by December 31, 1992, and the supplier did not detect any of the
Phase I VOCs, including vinyl chloride; Phase II VOCs; or Phase V VOCs, then
the supplier must take one sample annually beginning in the initial compliance
period.
f) GWS reduction to triennial monitoring frequency. After a minimum of three
years of annual sampling, GWS suppliers that have not previously detected any of
the Phase I VOCs, including vinyl chloride; Phase II VOCs; or Phase V VOCs
must take one sample during each three-year compliance period.
g) A CWS or NTNCWS supplier that has completed the initial round of monitoring
required by subsection (d) of this Section and which did not detect any of the
Phase I VOCs, including vinyl chloride; Phase II VOCs; and Phase V VOCs may
apply to the Agency for a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that releases it from
the requirements of subsection (e) or (f) of this Section. A supplier that serves
fewer than 3300 service connections may apply to the Agency for a SEP that
releases it from the requirements of subsection (d) of this Section as to 1,2,4-tri-
chlorobenzene.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f)(7) and (f)(10) (2002) (2003),
and the discussion at 57 Fed. Reg. 31825 (July 17, 1992). Provisions concerning
the term of the waiver appear in subsections (i) and (j) of this Section. The
definition of “detect,” parenthetically added to the federal counterpart paragraph,
is in subsection (a) of this Section.
h) Vulnerability assessment. The Agency must consider the factors of Section
611.110(e) in granting a SEP from the requirements of subsection (d), (e), or (f)
of this Section sought pursuant to subsection (g) of this Section.
i) A SEP issued to a GWS pursuant to subsection (g) of this Section is for a
maximum of six years, except that a SEP as to the subsection (d) of this Section
monitoring for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene must apply only to the initial round of
monitoring. As a condition of a SEP, except as to a SEP from the initial round of
subsection (d) of this Section monitoring for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, the supplier
shall, within 30 months after the beginning of the period for which the waiver was
issued, reconfirm its vulnerability assessment required by subsection (h) of this
Section and submitted pursuant to subsection (g) of this Section, by taking one
sample at each sampling point and reapplying for a SEP pursuant to subsection
(g) of this Section. Based on this application, the Agency must do either of the
following:
1) If it determines that the PWS meets the standard of Section 611.610(e),
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issue a SEP that reconfirms the prior SEP for the remaining three-year
compliance period of the six-year maximum term; or
2) Issue a new SEP requiring the supplier to sample annually.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (i) of this Section does not apply to an SWS or
mixed system supplier.
j) Special considerations for a SEP for an SWS or mixedsystem mixed-system
supplier.
1) The Agency must determine that an SWS is not vulnerable before issuing
a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 to an SWS supplier. A SEP issued to
an SWS or mixed system supplier pursuant to subsection (g) of this
Section is for a maximum of one compliance period; and
2) The Agency may require, as a condition to a SEP issued to an SWS or
mixed supplier, that the supplier take such samples for Phase I, Phase II,
and Phase V VOCs at such a frequency as the Agency determines are
necessary, based on the vulnerability assessment.
BOARD NOTE: There is a great degree of similarity between 40 CFR
141.24(f)(7) (2002) (2003), the provision applicable to GWSs, and 40 CFR
141.24(f)(10) (2002) (2003), the provision for SWSs. The Board has
consolidated the common requirements of both paragraphs into subsection (g) of
this Section. Subsection (j) of this Section represents the elements unique to an
SWSs or mixed system, and subsection (i) of this Section relates to a GWS
supplier. Although 40 CFR 141.24(f)(7) and (f)(10) are silent as to a mixed
system supplier, the Board has included a mixed system supplier with an SWS
supplier because this best follows the federal scheme for all other contaminants.
k) If one of the Phase I VOCs, excluding vinyl chloride; a Phase II VOC; or a Phase
V VOC is detected in any sample, then the following must occur:
1) The supplier must monitor quarterly for that contaminant at each sampling
point that resulted in a detection.
2) Annual monitoring.
A) The Agency must grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that
allows a supplier to reduce the monitoring frequency to annual at a
sampling point if it determines that the sampling point is reliably
and consistently below the MCL.
B) A request for a SEP must include the following minimal
information:
150
i) For a GWS, two quarterly samples.
ii) For an SWS or mixed system supplier, four quarterly
samples.
C) In issuing a SEP, the Agency must specify the level of the
contaminant upon which the “reliably and consistently”
determination was based. Any SEP that allows less frequent
monitoring based on an Agency “reliably and consistently”
determination must include a condition requiring the supplier to
resume quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection (k)(1) of this
Section if it violates the MCL specified by Section 611.311.
3) Suppliers that monitor annually must monitor during the quarters that
previously yielded the highest analytical result.
4) Suppliers that do not detect a contaminant at a sampling point in three
consecutive annual samples may apply to the Agency for a SEP pursuant
to Section 611.110 that allows it to discontinue monitoring for that
contaminant at that point, as specified in subsection (g) of this Section.
5) A GWS supplier that has detected one or more of the two-carbon
contaminants listed in subsection (k)(5)(A) of this Section must monitor
quarterly for vinyl chloride as described in subsection (k)(5)(B) of this
Section, subject to the limitation of subsection (k)(5)(C) of this Section.
A) “Two-carbon contaminants” (Phase I or II VOC) are the following:
1,2-Dichloroethane (Phase I)
1,1-Dichloroethylene (Phase I)
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (Phase II)
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene (Phase II)
Tetrachloroethylene (Phase II)
1,1,1-Trichloroethylene (Phase I)
Trichloroethylene (Phase I)
B) The supplier must sample quarterly for vinyl chloride at each
sampling point at which it detected one or more of the two-carbon
contaminants listed in subsection (k)(5)(A) of this Section.
C) The Agency must grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that
allows the supplier to reduce the monitoring frequency for vinyl
chloride at any sampling point to once in each three-year
compliance period if it determines that the supplier has not
detected vinyl chloride in the first sample required by subsection
151
(k)(5)(B) of this Section.
l) Quarterly monitoring following MCL violations.
1) Suppliers that violate an MCL for one of the Phase I VOCs, including
vinyl chloride; Phase II VOCs; or Phase V VOCs, as determined by
subsection (o) of this Section, must monitor quarterly for that
contaminant, at the sampling point where the violation occurred,
beginning the next quarter after the violation.
2) Annual monitoring.
A) The Agency must grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that
allows a supplier to reduce the monitoring frequency to annually if
it determines that the sampling point is reliably and consistently
below the MCL.
B) A request for a SEP must include the following minimal
information: four quarterly samples.
C) In issuing a SEP, the Agency must specify the level of the
contaminant upon which the “reliably and consistently”
determination was based. Any SEP that allows less frequent
monitoring based on an Agency “reliably and consistently”
determination must include a condition requiring the supplier to
resume quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection (l)(1) of this
Section if it violates the MCL specified by Section 611.311.
D) The supplier must monitor during the quarters that previously
yielded the highest analytical result.
m) Confirmation samples. The Agency may issue a SEP pursuant to Section 610.110
to require a supplier to use a confirmation sample for results that it finds dubious
for whatever reason. The Agency must state its reasons for issuing the SEP if the
SEP is Agency-initiated.
1) If a supplier detects any of the Phase I, Phase II, or Phase V VOCs in a
sample, the supplier must take a confirmation sample as soon as possible,
but no later than 14 days after the supplier receives notice of the detection.
2) Averaging is as specified in subsection (o) of this Section.
3) The Agency must delete the original or confirmation sample if it
determines that a sampling error occurred, in which case the confirmation
sample will replace the original or confirmation sample.
152
n) This subsection (n) corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(f)(14), an optional USEPA
provision relating to compositing of samples that USEPA does not require for
state programs. This statement maintains structural consistency with USEPA
rules.
o) Compliance with the MCLs for the Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs must be
determined based on the analytical results obtained at each sampling point.
Effective January 22, 2004, if one sampling point is in violation of an MCL, the
system is in violation of the MCL.
1) Effective January 22, 2004, for a supplier that monitors more than once
per year, compliance with the MCL is determined by a running annual
average at each sampling point.
2) Effective January 22, 2004, a supplier that monitors annually or less
frequently whose sample result exceeds the MCL must begin quarterly
sampling. The system will not be considered in violation of the MCL
until it has completed one year of quarterly sampling.
3) Effective January 22, 2004, if any sample result will cause the running
annual average to exceed the MCL at any sampling point, the supplier is
out of compliance with the MCL immediately.
4) Effective January 22, 2004, if a supplier fails to collect the required
number of samples, compliance will be based on the total number of
samples collected.
5) Effective January 22, 2004, if a sample result is less than the detection
limit, zero will be used to calculate the annual average.
6) Until January 22, 2004, for a supplier that conducts monitoring at a
frequency greater than annual, compliance is determined by a running
annual average of all samples taken at each sampling point.
A) If the annual average of any sampling point is greater than the
MCL, then the supplier is out of compliance.
B) If the initial sample or a subsequent sample would cause the annual
average to exceed the MCL, then the supplier is out of compliance
immediately.
C) Any samples below the detection limit must be deemed as zero for
purposes of determining the annual average.
7) Until January 22, 2004, if monitoring is conducted annually, or less
frequently, the supplier is out of compliance if the level of a contaminant
153
at any sampling point is greater than the MCL. Until January 22, 2004, if
a confirmation sample is taken, the determination of compliance is based
on the average of two samples.
p) This subsection (p) corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(f)(16), which USEPA
removed and reserved. This statement maintains structural consistency with the
federal regulations.
q) Analysis under this Section must only be conducted by laboratories that have
received certification by USEPA or the Agency according to the following
conditions:
1) To receive certification to conduct analyses for the Phase I VOCs,
excluding vinyl chloride; Phase II VOCs; and Phase V VOCs, the
laboratory must do the following:
A) It must analyze performance evaluation (PE) samples that include
these substances provided by the Agency pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm.
Code 186.170;
B) It must achieve the quantitative acceptance limits under
subsections (q)(1)(C) and (q)(1)(D) of this Section for at least 80
percent of the regulated organic contaminants in the PE sample;
C) It must achieve quantitative results on the analyses performed
under subsection (q)(1)(A) of this Section that are within ± 20
percent of the actual amount of the substances in the PE sample
when the actual amount is greater than or equal to 0.010 mg/
ℓ
;
D) It must achieve quantitative results on the analyses performed
under subsection (q)(1)(A) of this Section that are within ± 40
percent of the actual amount of the substances in the PE sample
when the actual amount is less than 0.010 mg/
ℓ
; and
E) It must achieve a method detection limit of 0.0005 mg/
ℓ
, according
to the procedures in 40 CFR 136, appendix B, incorporated by
reference in Section 611.102.
2) To receive certification to conduct analyses for vinyl chloride the
laboratory must do the following:
A) It must analyze PE samples provided by the Agency pursuant to 35
Ill. Adm. Code 186.170;
B) It must achieve quantitative results on the analyses performed
under subsection (q)(2)(A) of this Section that are within ± 40
154
percent of the actual amount of vinyl chloride in the PE sample;
C) It must achieve a method detection limit of 0.0005 mg/
ℓ
, according
to the procedures in 40 CFR 136, appendix B, incorporated by
reference in Section 611.102; and
D) It must obtain certification pursuant to subsection (q)(1) of this
Section for Phase I VOCs, excluding vinyl chloride; Phase II
VOCs; and Phase V VOCs.
r)
Use of existing data. This subsection (r) corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(f)(18),
an obsolete provision that relates to the initial compliance period from 1993
through 1995. This statement maintains consistency with the federal regulations.
1)
The Agency must allow the use of data collected after January 1, 1988 but
prior to December 1, 1992, pursuant to Agency sample request letters, if it
determines that the data are generally consistent with the requirements of
this Section.
2)
The Agency must grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows a
supplier to monitor annually beginning in the initial compliance period if
it determines that the supplier did not detect any Phase I, Phase II, or
Phase V VOC using existing data allowed pursuant to subsection (r)(1) of
this Section.
s) The Agency shall, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, increase the
number of sampling points or the frequency of monitoring if it determines that it
is necessary to detect variations within the PWS.
t) Each laboratory certified for the analysis of Phase I, Phase II, or Phase V VOCs
pursuant to subsection (q)(1) or (q)(2) of this Section shall do the following:
1) Determine the method detection limit (MDL), as defined in 40 CFR 136,
Appendix B, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102, at which it is
capable of detecting the Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs; and,
2) Achieve an MDL for each Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOC that is less
than or equal to 0.0005 mg/
ℓ
.
u) Each supplier must monitor, within each compliance period, at the time
designated by the Agency by SEP pursuant to Section 611.110.
v) A new system supplier or a supplier that uses a new source of water that begins
operation after January 22, 2004 must demonstrate compliance with the MCL
within a period of time specified by a permit issued by the Agency. The supplier
must also comply with the initial sampling frequencies specified by the Agency to
155
ensure the supplier can demonstrate compliance with the MCL. Routine and
increased monitoring frequencies must be conducted in accordance with the
requirements in this Section.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f) (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.648 Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V Synthetic Organic Contaminants
Analysis of the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs for the purposes of determining
compliance with the MCL must be conducted as follows:
a) Definitions. As used in this Section, the following terms will have the following
meanings:
“Detect” or “detection” means that the contaminant of interest is present at
a level greater than or equal to the “detection limit.”
“Detection limit” means the level of the contaminant of interest that is
specified in subsection (r) of this Section.
BOARD NOTE: This is a “trigger level” for Phase II, Phase IIB, and
Phase V SOCs inasmuch as it prompts further action. The use of the term
“detect” or “detection” in this Section is not intended to include any
analytical capability of quantifying lower levels of any contaminant, or the
“method detection limit.”
b) Required sampling. Each supplier must take a minimum of one sample at each
sampling point at the times required in subsection (q) of this Section.
BOARD NOTE: See the Board note appended to Section 611.311(c) for
information relating to implementation of requirements relating to aldicarb,
aldicarb sulfone, and aldicarb sulfoxide.
c) Sampling points.
1) Sampling points for GWSs. Unless otherwise provided by SEP, a GWS
supplier must take at least one sample from each of the following points:
each entry point that is representative of each well after treatment.
2) Sampling points for an SWS or mixed system supplier. Unless otherwise
provided by SEP, an SWS or mixed system supplier must sample from
each of the following points:
A) Each entry point after treatment; or
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B) Points in the distribution system that are representative of each
source.
3) The supplier must take each sample at the same sampling point unless the
Agency has granted a SEP that designates another location as more
representative of each source, treatment plant, or within the distribution
system.
4) If a system draws water from more than one source, and the sources are
combined before distribution, the supplier must sample at an entry point
during periods of normal operating conditions when water is
representative of all sources being used.
BOARD NOTE: Subsections (b) and (c) of this Section derived from 40 CFR
141.24(h)(1) through (h)(3) (2002) (2003).
d) Monitoring frequency.
1) Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier must take four consecutive quarterly
samples for each of the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs during
each compliance period, beginning in the three-year compliance period
starting in the initial compliance period.
2) Suppliers serving more than 3,300 persons that do not detect a
contaminant in the initial compliance period must take a minimum of two
quarterly samples in one year of each subsequent three-year compliance
period.
3) Suppliers serving fewer than or equal to 3,300 persons that do not detect a
contaminant in the initial compliance period must take a minimum of one
sample during each subsequent three-year compliance period.
e) Reduction to annual monitoring frequency. A CWS or NTNCWS supplier may
apply to the Agency for a SEP that releases it from the requirements of subsection
(d) of this Section. A SEP from the requirement of subsection (d) of this Section
must last for only a single three-year compliance period.
f) Vulnerability assessment. The Agency must grant a SEP from the requirements
of subsection (d) of this Section based on consideration of the factors set forth at
Section 611.110(e).
g) If one of the Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase V SOCs is detected in any sample, then
the following must occur:
1) The supplier must monitor quarterly for the contaminant at each sampling
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point that resulted in a detection.
2) Annual monitoring.
A) A supplier may request that the Agency grant a SEP pursuant to
Section 610.110 that reduces the monitoring frequency to annual.
B) A request for a SEP must include the following minimal
information:
i) For a GWS, two quarterly samples.
ii) For an SWS or mixed system supplier, four quarterly
samples.
C) The Agency must grant a SEP that allows annual monitoring at a
sampling point if it determines that the sampling point is reliably
and consistently below the MCL.
D) In issuing the SEP, the Agency must specify the level of the
contaminant upon which the “reliably and consistently”
determination was based. Any SEP that allows less frequent
monitoring based on an Agency “reliably and consistently”
determination must include a condition requiring the supplier to
resume quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection (g)(1) of this
Section if it detects any Phase II SOC.
3) Suppliers that monitor annually must monitor during the quarters that
previously yielded the highest analytical result.
4) Suppliers that have three consecutive annual samples with no detection of
a contaminant at a sampling point may apply to the Agency for a SEP with
respect to that point, as specified in subsections (e) and (f) of this Section.
5) Monitoring for related contaminants.
A) If monitoring results in detection of one or more of the related
contaminants listed in subsection (g)(5)(B) of this Section,
subsequent monitoring must analyze for all the related compounds
in the respective group.
B) Related contaminants.
i) First group.
aldicarb
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aldicarb sulfone
aldicarb sulfoxide
BOARD NOTE: See the Board note appended to
Section 611.311(c) for information relating to
implementation of requirements relating to aldicarb,
aldicarb sulfone, and aldicarb sulfoxide.
ii) Second group.
heptachlor
heptachlor epoxide.
h) Quarterly monitoring following MCL violations.
1) Suppliers that violate an MCL for one of the Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase
V SOCs, as determined by subsection (k) of this Section, must monitor
quarterly for that contaminant at the sampling point where the violation
occurred, beginning the next quarter after the violation.
2) Annual monitoring.
A) A supplier may request that the Agency grant a SEP pursuant to
Section 611.110 that reduces the monitoring frequency to annual.
B) A request for a SEP must include, at a minimum, the results from
four quarterly samples.
C) The Agency must grant a SEP that allows annual monitoring at a
sampling point if it determines that the sampling point is reliably
and consistently below the MCL.
D) In issuing the SEP, the Agency must specify the level of the
contaminant upon which the “reliably and consistently”
determination was based. Any SEP that allows less frequent
monitoring based on an Agency “reliably and consistently”
determination must include a condition requiring the supplier to
resume quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection (h)(1) of this
Section if it detects any Phase II SOC.
E) The supplier must monitor during the quarters that previously
yielded the highest analytical result.
i) Confirmation samples.
1) If any of the Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase V SOCs are detected in a
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sample, the supplier must take a confirmation sample as soon as possible,
but no later than 14 days after the supplier receives notice of the detection.
2) Averaging is as specified in subsection (k) of this Section.
3) The Agency must delete the original or confirmation sample if it
determines that a sampling error occurred, in which case the confirmation
sample will replace the original or confirmation sample.
j) This subsection (j) corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(h)(10), an optional USEPA
provision relating to compositing of samples that USEPA does not require for
state programs. This statement maintains structural consistency with USEPA
rules.
k) Compliance with the MCLs for the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs must
be determined based on the analytical results obtained at each sampling point.
Effective January 22, 2004, if one sampling point is in violation of an MCL, the
supplier is in violation of the MCL.
1) Effective January 22, 2004, for a supplier that monitors more than once
per year, compliance with the MCL is determined by a running annual
average at each sampling point.
2) Effective January 22, 2004, a supplier that monitors annually or less
frequently whose sample result exceeds the regulatory detection level as
defined by subsection (r) of this Section must begin quarterly sampling.
The system will not be considered in violation of the MCL until it has
completed one year of quarterly sampling.
3) Effective January 22, 2004, if any sample result will cause the running
annual average to exceed the MCL at any sampling point, the supplier is
out of compliance with the MCL immediately.
4) Effective January 22, 2004, if a supplier fails to collect the required
number of samples, compliance will be based on the total number of
samples collected.
5) Effective January 22, 2004, if a sample result is less than the detection
limit, zero will be used to calculate the annual average.
6) Until January 22, 2004, for a supplier that conducts monitoring at a
frequency greater than annual, compliance is determined by a running
annual average of all samples taken at each sampling point.
A) If the annual average of any sampling point is greater than the
MCL, then the supplier is out of compliance.
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B) If the initial sample or a subsequent sample would cause the annual
average to exceed the MCL, then the supplier is out of compliance
immediately.
C) Any samples below the detection limit must be deemed as zero for
purposes of determining the annual average.
7) Until January 22, 2004, if the supplier conducts monitoring annually, or
less frequently, the supplier is out of compliance if the level of a
contaminant at any sampling point is greater than the MCL. Until January
22, 2004, if a confirmation sample is taken, the determination of
compliance is based on the average of two samples.
l) This subsection (l) corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(h)(12), which USEPA
removed and reserved. This statement maintains structural consistency with the
federal regulations.
m) Analysis for PCBs must be conducted as follows using the methods in Section
611.645:
1) Each supplier that monitors for PCBs must analyze each sample using
either USEPA Organic Methods, Method 505 or Method 508.
2) If PCBs are detected in any sample analyzed using USEPA Organic
Methods, Method 505 or 508, the supplier must reanalyze the sample
using Method 508A to quantitate the individual Aroclors (as
decachlorobiphenyl).
3) Compliance with the PCB MCL must be determined based upon the
quantitative results of analyses using USEPA Organic Methods, Method
508A.
n)
Use of existing data. This subsection (n) corresponds with 40 CFR
141.24(h)(14), an obsolete provision that relates to the initial compliance period
from 1993 through 1995. This statement maintains consistency with the federal
regulations.
1)
The Agency must allow the use of data collected after January 1, 1990 but
prior to the effective date of this Section, pursuant to Agency sample
request letters, if it determines that the data are generally consistent with
the requirements of this Section.
2)
The Agency must grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows a
supplier to monitor annually beginning in the initial compliance period if
it determines that the supplier did not detect any Phase I VOC or Phase II
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VOC using existing data allowed pursuant to subsection (n)(1) of this
Section.
o) The Agency must issue a SEP that increases the number of sampling points or the
frequency of monitoring if it determines that this is necessary to detect variations
within the PWS due to such factors as fluctuations in contaminant concentration
due to seasonal use or changes in the water source.
BOARD NOTE: At 40 CFR 141.24(h)(15), USEPA uses the stated factors as
non-limiting examples of circumstances that make additional monitoring
necessary.
p) This subsection (p) corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(h)(16), a USEPA provision
relating to reserving enforcement authority to the State that would serve no useful
function as part of the State’s rules. This statement maintains structural
consistency with USEPA rules.
q) Each supplier must monitor, within each compliance period, at the time
designated by the Agency by SEP pursuant to Section 611.110.
r) “Detection” means greater than or equal to the following concentrations for each
contaminant:
1) for PCBs (Aroclors), the following:
Aroclor
Detection Limit (mg/
ℓ
)
1016 0.00008
1221 0.02
1232 0.0005
1242 0.0003
1248 0.0001
1254 0.0001
1260 0.0002
2) for other Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs, the following:
Contaminant
Detection Limit
(mg/
ℓ
)
Alachlor 0.0002
Aldicarb 0.0005
Aldicarb sulfoxide
0.0005
Aldicarb sulfone
0.0008
Atrazine 0.0001
Benzo(a)pyrene 0.00002
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Carbofuran 0.0009
Chlordane 0.0002
2,4-D 0.0001
Dalapon 0.001
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)
0.00002
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate 0.0006
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 0.0006
Dinoseb 0.0002
Diquat 0.0004
Endothall 0.009
Endrin 0.00001
Ethylene dibromide (EDB)
0.00001
Glyphosate 0.006
Heptachlor 0.00004
Heptachlor epoxide
0.00002
Hexachlorobenzene 0.0001
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 0.0001
Lindane 0.00002
Methoxychlor 0.0001
Oxamyl 0.002
Picloram 0.0001
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (as
decachlorobiphenyl)
0.0001
Pentachlorophenol 0.00004
Simazine 0.00007
Toxaphene 0.001
2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin)
0.000000005
2,4,5-TP (silvex)
0.0002
BOARD NOTE: See the Board note appended to Section 611.311(c) for
information relating to implementation of requirements relating to
aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, and aldicarb sulfoxide.
s) Laboratory certification.
1) Analyses under this Section must only be conducted by laboratories that
have received approval by USEPA or the Agency according to the
conditions of subsection (s)(2) of this Section.
2) To receive certification to conduct analyses for the Phase II, Phase IIB,
and Phase V SOCs, the laboratory must do the following:
A) Analyze PE samples provided by the Agency pursuant to 35 Ill.
Adm. Code 183.125(c) that include these substances; and
B) Achieve quantitative results on the analyses performed under
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subsection (s)(2)(A) of this Section that are within the following
acceptance limits:
SOC Acceptance
Limits
Alachlor ±
45%
Aldicarb
2 standard deviations
Aldicarb sulfone
2 standard deviations
Aldicarb sulfoxide
2 standard deviations
Atrazine ±
45%
Benzo(a)pyrene
2 standard deviations
Carbofuran ±
45%
Chlordane ±
45%
Dalapon
2 standard deviations
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
2 standard deviations
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
2 standard deviations
Dinoseb
2 standard deviations
Diquat
2 standard deviations
Endothall
2 standard deviations
Endrin ±
30%
Glyphosate
2 standard deviations
Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)
± 40%
Ethylene dibromide (EDB)
± 40%
Heptachlor ±
45%
Heptachlor epoxide
± 45%
Hexachlorobenzene
2 standard deviations
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
2 standard deviations
Lindane ±
45%
Methoxychlor ±
45%
Oxamyl
2 standard deviations
PCBs (as decachlorobiphenyl)
0-200%
Pentachlorophenol ±
50%
Picloram
2 standard deviations
Simazine
2 standard deviations
Toxaphene ±
45%
2,4-D ±
50%
2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin)
2 standard deviations
2,4,5-TP (silvex)
± 50%
BOARD NOTE: See the Board note appended to Section
611.311(c) for information relating to implementation of
requirements relating to aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, and aldicarb
sulfoxide.
t) A new system supplier or a supplier that uses a new source of water that begins
operation after January 22, 2004 must demonstrate compliance with the MCL
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within a period of time specified by a permit issued by the Agency. The supplier
must also comply with the initial sampling frequencies specified by the Agency to
ensure the supplier can demonstrate compliance with the MCL. Routine and
increased monitoring frequencies must be conducted in accordance with the
requirements in this Section.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(h) (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.658 Special Monitoring for Organic Chemicals (Repealed)
Section 611.510 sets forth requirements for the special monitoring for unregulated organic
contaminants.
(Source: Repealed at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
SUBPART P: THM MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section 611.683 Reduced Monitoring Frequency (Repealed)
a)
A CWS supplier utilizing only groundwater sources may, by a SEP application
pursuant to Section 611.110, seek to have the monitoring frequency required by
Section 611.680(b)(1) reduced to a minimum of one sample for maximum TTHM
potential per year for each treatment plant used by the supplier, taken at a point in
the distribution system reflecting maximum residence time of the water in the
system.
1)
The CWS supplier must submit to the Agency at least one sample for
maximum TTHM potential using the procedure specified in Section
611.687. A sample must be analyzed from each treatment plant used by
the supplier, taken at a point in the distribution system reflecting the
maximum residence time of the water in the system.
2)
The Agency must reduce the supplier’s monitoring frequency if it
determines that, based upon the data submitted by the supplier, the
supplier has a maximum TTHM potential of less than 0.10 mg/
ℓ
and that,
based upon an assessment of the local conditions of the CWS, the CWS is
not likely to approach or exceed the MCL for TTHMs.
3)
The results of all analyses must be reported to the Agency within 30 days
of the supplier’s receipt of such results.
4)
All samples collected must be used for determining whether the supplier
complies with the monitoring requirements of Section 611.680(b), unless
the analytical results are invalidated for technical reasons.
165
5)
Sampling and analyses must be conducted in accordance with the methods
listed in Section 611.685.
b)
Loss or modification of reduced monitoring frequency.
1)
If the results from any analysis taken by the supplier for maximum TTHM
potential are equal to or greater than 0.10 mg/
ℓ
, and such results are
confirmed by at least one check sample taken promptly after such results
are received, the CWS supplier must immediately begin monitoring in
accordance with the requirements of Section 611.680(b), and such
monitoring must continue for at least one year before the frequency may
be reduced again.
2)
In the event of any significant change to the CWS’s raw water or
treatment program, the supplier must immediately analyze an additional
sample for maximum TTHM potential taken at a point in the distribution
system reflecting maximum residence time of the water in the system.
3)
The Agency must require increased monitoring frequencies above the
minimum where necessary to detect variation of TTHM levels within the
distribution system.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.30(c) (2002).
(Source: Repealed at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.684 Averaging (Repealed)
Compliance with Section 611.310(c) or 611.312(a) is determined based on a running annual
average of quarterly samples collected by the PWS, as prescribed in Section 611.680(b)(1) or
(b)(2). If the average of samples covering any 12 month period exceeds the MCL, the PWS must
report to the Agency and notify the public pursuant to Subpart V of this Part. Monitoring after
public notification must be at a frequency designated by the Agency and must continue until a
monitoring schedule as a condition to a variance, adjusted standard, or enforcement action
becomes effective.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.30(d) (2002).
(Source: Repealed at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.686 Modification to System (Repealed)
Before a CWS supplier makes any significant modifications to its existing treatment process for
the purposes of achieving compliance with Section 611.310(c), the supplier must submit, by way
of a SEP application pursuant to Section 611.110, a detailed plan setting forth its proposed
166
modification and those safeguards that it will implement to ensure that the bacteriological quality
of the drinking water served by the CWS will not be adversely affected by such modification.
Upon approval, the plan will become a SEP. At a minimum, the plan must require the supplier
modifying its disinfection practice to the following:
a)
Evaluate the water system for sanitary defects and evaluate the source water for
biological quality;
b)
Evaluate its existing treatment practices and consider improvements that will
minimize disinfectant demand and optimize finished water quality throughout the
distribution system;
c)
Provide baseline water quality survey data of the distribution system. Such data
should include the results from monitoring for coliform and fecal coliform
bacteria, fecal streptococci, standard plate counts at 35 degrees C and 20 degrees
C, phosphate, ammonia nitrogen, and total organic carbon. Virus studies are
required where source waters are heavily contaminated with sewage effluent;
d)
Conduct additional monitoring to assure continued maintenance of optimal
biological quality in finished water, for example, when chloramines are
introduced as disinfectants or when pre-chlorination is being discontinued. The
Agency must also require additional monitoring for chlorate, chlorite and chlorine
dioxide when chlorine dioxide is used. The Agency must also require HPC
analysis (Section 611.531), as appropriate, before and after any modifications;
e)
Consider inclusion in the plan of provisions to maintain an active RDC
throughout the distribution system at all times during and after the modification.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.30(f) (2002).
(Source: Repealed at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.687 Sampling for Maximum THM Potential (Repealed)
a)
The water sample for determination of maximum total trihalomethane potential
must be taken from a point in the distribution system that reflects maximum
residence time. Procedures for sample collection and handling are given in the
methods.
b)
The supplier taking samples must not add reducing agent to “quench” the
chemical reaction producing THMs at the time of sample collection. The intent is
to permit the level of THM precursors to be depleted and the concentration of
THMs to be maximized for the supply being tested.
c)
Four experimental parameters affecting maximum THM production are pH,
temperature, reaction time, and the presence of a disinfectant residual. The
167
supplier taking the sample must deal with these parameters as follows:
1)
Measure the disinfectant residual at the selected sampling point. Proceed
only if a measurable disinfectant residual is present.
2)
Collect triplicate 40 m
ℓ
water samples at the pH prevailing at the time of
sampling, and prepare a method blank according to the methods.
3)
Seal and store these samples together for seven days at 25° C or above.
4)
After this time period, open one of the sample containers and check for
disinfectant residual. Absence of a disinfectant residual invalidates the
sample for further analysis.
5)
Once a disinfectant residual has been demonstrated, open another of the
sealed samples and determine total THM concentration using an approved
analytical method.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.30(g) (2002).
(Source: Repealed at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.688 Applicability Dates (Repealed)
The requirements in Sections 611.680 through 611.686 applied to a Subpart B community water
system that serves 10,000 or more persons until December 31, 2001. The requirements in
Sections 611.680 through 611.686 apply to a community water system that uses only
groundwater not under the direct influence of surface water which adds a disinfectant (oxidant)
in any part of the treatment process and serves 10,000 or more persons until December 31, 2003.
After December 31, 2003, Sections 611.680 through 611.688 are no longer applicable.
(Source: Repealed at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
SUBPART Q: RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
REQUIREMENTS
Section 611.731 Gross Alpha
Monitoring requirements for gross alpha particle activity, radium-226, radium-228, and uranium
are as follows:
a) Effective December 8, 2003, a community water system (CWS) supplier must
conduct initial monitoring to determine compliance with Section 611.330(b), (c),
and (e) by December 31, 2007. For the purposes of monitoring for gross alpha
particle activity, radium-226, radium-228, uranium, and beta particle and photon
radioactivity in drinking water, “detection limit” is defined as in Section
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611.720(c).
1) Applicability and sampling location for an existing CWS supplier. An
existing CWS supplier using groundwater, surface water, or both
groundwater and surface water (for the purpose of this Section hereafter
referred to as a supplier) must sample at every entry point to the
distribution system that is representative of all sources being used
(hereafter called a sampling point) under normal operating conditions.
The supplier must take each sample at the same sampling point, unless
conditions make another sampling point more representative of each
source or the Agency has designated a distribution system location, in
accordance with subsection (b)(2)(C) of this Section.
2) Applicability and sampling location for a new CWS supplier. A new
CWS supplier or a CWS supplier that uses a new source of water must
begin to conduct initial monitoring for the new source within the first
quarter after initiating use of the source. A CWS supplier must conduct
more frequent monitoring when ordered by the Agency in the event of
possible contamination or when changes in the distribution system or
treatment processes occur that may increase the concentration of
radioactivity in finished water.
b) Initial monitoring: Effective December 8, 2003, a CWS supplier must conduct
initial monitoring for gross alpha particle activity, radium-226, radium-228, and
uranium as follows:
1) A CWS supplier without acceptable historical data, as defined in
subsection (b)(2) of this Section, must collect four consecutive quarterly
samples at all sampling points before December 31, 2007.
2) Grandfathering of data: A CWS supplier may use historical monitoring
data collected at a sampling point to satisfy the initial monitoring
requirements for that sampling point, under the following situations.
A) To satisfy initial monitoring requirements, a CWS supplier having
only one entry point to the distribution system may use the
monitoring data from the last compliance monitoring period that
began between June 2000 and December 8, 2003.
B) To satisfy initial monitoring requirements, a CWS supplier with
multiple entry points and having appropriate historical monitoring
data for each entry point to the distribution system may use the
monitoring data from the last compliance monitoring period that
began between June 2000 and December 8, 2003.
C) To satisfy initial monitoring requirements, a CWS supplier with
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appropriate historical data for a representative point in the
distribution system may use the monitoring data from the last
compliance monitoring period that began between June 2000 and
December 8, 2003, provided that the Agency finds that the
historical data satisfactorily demonstrate that each entry point to
the distribution system is expected to be in compliance based upon
the historical data and reasonable assumptions about the variability
of contaminant levels between entry points. The Agency must
make its finding in writing, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section
611.110, indicating how the data conforms to the requirements of
this subsection (b)(2).
3) For gross alpha particle activity, uranium, radium-226, and radium-228
monitoring, the Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section
611.110, waive the final two quarters of initial monitoring for a sampling
point if the results of the samples from the previous two quarters are
below the detection limit.
4) If the average of the initial monitoring results for a sampling point is
above the MCL, the supplier must collect and analyze quarterly samples at
that sampling point until the system has results from four consecutive
quarters that are at or below the MCL, unless the supplier enters into
another schedule as part of a formal compliance agreement with the
Agency.
c) Reduced monitoring: Effective December 8, 2003, the Agency may allow a CWS
supplier to reduce the future frequency of monitoring from once every three years
to once every six or nine years at each sampling point, based on the following
criteria:
1) If the average of the initial monitoring results for each contaminant (i.e.,
gross alpha particle activity, uranium, radium-226, or radium-228) is
below the detection limit specified in the table at Section 611.720(c)(1),
the supplier must collect and analyze for that contaminant using at least
one sample at that sampling point every nine years.
2) For gross alpha particle activity and uranium, if the average of the initial
monitoring results for each contaminant is at or above the detection limit
but at or below one-half the MCL, the supplier must collect and analyze
for that contaminant using at least one sample at that sampling point every
six years. For combined radium-226 and radium-228, the analytical
results must be combined. If the average of the combined initial
monitoring results for radium-226 and radium-228 is at or above the
detection limit but at or below one-half the MCL, the supplier must collect
and analyze for that contaminant using at least one sample at that
sampling point every six years.
170
3) For gross alpha particle activity and uranium, if the average of the initial
monitoring results for each contaminant is above one-half the MCL but at
or below the MCL, the supplier must collect and analyze at least one
sample at that sampling point every three years. For combined radium-
226 and radium-228, the analytical results must be combined. If the
average of the combined initial monitoring results for radium-226 and
radium-228 is above one-half the MCL but at or below the MCL, the
supplier must collect and analyze at least one sample at that sampling
point every three years.
4) A supplier must use the samples collected during the reduced monitoring
period to determine the monitoring frequency for subsequent monitoring
periods (e.g., if a supplier’s sampling point is on a nine year monitoring
period, and the sample result is above one-half the MCL, then the next
monitoring period for that sampling point is three years).
5) If a supplier has a monitoring result that exceeds the MCL while on
reduced monitoring, the supplier must collect and analyze quarterly
samples at that sampling point until the supplier has results from four
consecutive quarters that are below the MCL, unless the supplier enters
into another schedule as part of a formal compliance agreement with the
Agency.
d) Compositing: Effective December 8, 2003, to fulfill quarterly monitoring
requirements for gross alpha particle activity, radium-226, radium-228, or
uranium, a supplier may composite up to four consecutive quarterly samples from
a single entry point if analysis is done within a year after the first sample. The
analytical results from the composited sample must be treated as the average
analytical result to determine compliance with the MCLs and the future
monitoring frequency. If the analytical result from the composited sample is
greater than one-half the MCL, the Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant to
Section 611.110, direct the supplier to take additional quarterly samples before
allowing the supplier to sample under a reduced monitoring schedule.
e) Effective December 8, 2003, a gross alpha particle activity measurement may be
substituted for the required radium-226 measurement, provided that the measured
gross alpha particle activity does not exceed 5 pCi/
ℓ
. A gross alpha particle
activity measurement may be substituted for the required uranium measurement
provided that the measured gross alpha particle activity does not exceed 15 pCi/
ℓ
.
1) The gross alpha measurement must have a confidence interval of 95%
(1.65
σ
, where
σ
is the standard deviation of the net counting rate of the
sample) for radium-226 and uranium.
2) When a supplier uses a gross alpha particle activity measurement in lieu of
171
a radium-226 or uranium measurement, the gross alpha particle activity
analytical result will be used to determine the future monitoring frequency
for radium-226 or uranium.
3) If the gross alpha particle activity result is less than detection, one-half the
detection limit will be used to determine compliance and the future
monitoring frequency.
f) Until December 8, 2003, compliance must be based on the analysis of an annual
composite of four consecutive quarterly samples or the average of the analyses of
four samples obtained at quarterly intervals.
1) A gross alpha particle activity measurement may be substituted for the
required radium-226 and radium-228 analysis, provided that the measured
gross alpha particle activity does not exceed 5 pCi/
ℓ
at a confidence level
of 95 percent (1.65
σ
where
σ
is the standard deviation of the net counting
rate of the sample). In localities where radium-228 may be present in
drinking water, the Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section
611.110, require radium-226 or radium-228 analyses if it determines that
the gross alpha particle activity exceeds 2 pCi/
ℓ
.
2) When the gross alpha particle activity exceeds 5 pCi/
ℓ
, the same or an
equivalent sample must be analyzed for radium-226. If the concentration
of radium-226 exceeds 3 pCi/
ℓ
the same or an equivalent sample must be
analyzed for radium-228.
g)
See Section 611.100(e).
hg) Until December 8, 2003, CWS suppliers must monitor at least once every four
years following the procedure required by subsection (f) of this Section. When an
annual record taken in conformance with subsection (f) of this Section has
established that the average annual concentration is less than half the MCLs
established by Section 611.330, the Agency shall, by a SEP issued pursuant to
Section 611.110, substitute analysis of a single sample for the quarterly sampling
procedure required by subsection (f) of this Section.
1) The Agency shall, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, require
more frequent monitoring in the vicinity of mining or other operations that
may contribute alpha particle radioactivity to either surface or
groundwater sources of drinking water.
2) A CWS supplier must monitor in conformance with subsection (f) of this
Section for one year after the introduction of a new water source. The
Agency shall, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, require more
frequent monitoring in the event of possible contamination or when
changes in the distribution system or treatment process occur that may
172
increase the concentration of radioactivity in finished water.
3) The Agency shall, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, require a
CWS supplier using two or more sources having different concentrations
of radioactivity to monitor source water, in addition to water from a free-
flowing tap.
4) The Agency must not require monitoring for radium-228 to determine
compliance with Section 611.330 after the initial period, provided that the
average annual concentration of radium-228 has been assayed at least
once using the quarterly sampling procedure required by subsection (f) of
this Section.
5) The Agency must require the CWS supplier to conduct annual monitoring
if the radium-226 concentration exceeds 3 pCi/
ℓ
.
ih) Until December 8, 2003, if the average annual MCL for gross alpha particle
activity or total radium as set forth in Section 611.330 is exceeded, the CWS
supplier must give notice to the Agency and notify the public as required by
Subpart V. Monitoring at quarterly intervals must be continued until the annual
average concentration no longer exceeds the MCL or until a monitoring schedule
as a condition to a variance, adjusted standard or enforcement action becomes
effective.
BOARD NOTE: Subsections (a) through (e) derive from 40 CFR 141.26(a) (2002) (2003).
Subsections (f) through (i) derive from 40 CFR 141.26(a), as effective until December 8, 2003.
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.732 Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity
Monitoring and compliance requirements for manmade radioactivity. To determine compliance
with the maximum contaminant levels in Section 611.330(d) for beta particle and photon
radioactivity, a supplier must monitor at a frequency as follows:
a) Effective December 8, 2003, a CWS supplier (either a surface water or
groundwater supplier) designated by the Agency, by a SEP issued pursuant to
Section 611.110, as vulnerable must sample for beta particle and photon
radioactivity. A supplier must collect quarterly samples for beta emitters and
annual samples for tritium and strontium-90 at each entry point to the distribution
system (hereafter called a sampling point), beginning within one quarter after
being notified by the Agency. A supplier already designated by the Agency must
continue to sample until the Agency reviews and either reaffirms or removes the
designation, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110.
1) If the gross beta particle activity minus the naturally occurring potassium-
173
40 beta particle activity at a sampling point has a running annual average
(computed quarterly) less than or equal to 50 pCi/
ℓ
(screening level), the
Agency may reduce the frequency of monitoring at that sampling point to
once every three years. A supplier must collect all samples required in
subsection (a) of this Section during the reduced monitoring period.
2) For a supplier in the vicinity of a nuclear facility, the Agency may allow
the CWS supplier to utilize environmental surveillance data collected by
the nuclear facility in lieu of monitoring at the supplier’s entry points,
where the Agency determines if such data is applicable to a particular
water system, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110. In the event
that there is a release from a nuclear facility, a supplier that is using
surveillance data must begin monitoring at the community water
supplier’s entry points in accordance with subsection (b)(1) of this
Section.
b) Effective December 8, 2003, a CWS supplier (either a surface water or
groundwater supplier) designated by the Agency, by a SEP issued pursuant to
Section 611.110, as utilizing waters contaminated by effluents from nuclear
facilities must sample for beta particle and photon radioactivity. A supplier must
collect quarterly samples for beta emitters and iodine-131 and annual samples for
tritium and strontium-90 at each entry point to the distribution system (hereafter
called a sampling point), beginning within one quarter after being notified by the
Agency. A supplier already designated by the Agency as a supplier using waters
contaminated by effluents from nuclear facilities must continue to sample until
the Agency reviews and either reaffirms or removes the designation, by a SEP
issued pursuant to Section 611.110.
1) Quarterly monitoring for gross beta particle activity must be based on the
analysis of monthly samples or the analysis of a composite of three
monthly samples.
BOARD NOTE: In corresponding 40 CFR 141.26(b)(2)(i), USEPA
recommends the use of a composite of three monthly samples.
2) For iodine-131, a composite of five consecutive daily samples must be
analyzed once each quarter. The Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant
to Section 611.110, order more frequent monitoring for iodine-131 where
it is identified in the finished water.
3) Annual monitoring for strontium-90 and tritium must be conducted by
means of the analysis of a composite of four consecutive quarterly
samples or analysis of four quarterly samples.
BOARD NOTE: In corresponding 40 CFR 141.26(b)(2)(iii), USEPA
recommends the analysis of four consecutive quarterly samples.
174
4) If the gross beta particle activity minus the naturally occurring potassium-
40 beta particle activity at a sampling point has a running annual average
(computed quarterly) less than or equal to 15 pCi/
ℓ
, the Agency may, by a
SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, reduce the frequency of
monitoring at that sampling point to once every three years. The supplier
must collect all samples required in subsection (b) of this Section during
the reduced monitoring period.
5) For a supplier in the vicinity of a nuclear facility, the Agency may allow
the CWS to utilize environmental surveillance data collected by the
nuclear facility in lieu of monitoring at the system’s entry points, where
the Agency determines, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, that
such data is applicable to the particular water system. In the event that
there is a release from a nuclear facility, a supplier that uses such
surveillance data must begin monitoring at the CWS’s entry points in
accordance with subsection (b) of this Section.
c) Effective December 8, 2003, a CWS supplier designated by the Agency to
monitor for beta particle and photon radioactivity can not apply to the Agency for
a waiver from the monitoring frequencies specified in subsection (a) or (b) of this
Section.
d) Effective December 8, 2003, a CWS supplier may analyze for naturally occurring
potassium-40 beta particle activity from the same or equivalent sample used for
the gross beta particle activity analysis. A supplier is allowed to subtract the
potassium-40 beta particle activity value from the total gross beta particle activity
value to determine if the screening level is exceeded. The potassium-40 beta
particle activity must be calculated by multiplying elemental potassium
concentrations (in mg/
ℓ
) by a factor of 0.82.
e) Effective December 8, 2003, if the gross beta particle activity minus the naturally
occurring potassium-40 beta particle activity exceeds the screening level, an
analysis of the sample must be performed to identify the major radioactive
constituents present in the sample and the appropriate doses must be calculated
and summed to determine compliance with Section 611.330(d)(1), using the
formula in Section 611.330(d)(2). Doses must also be calculated and combined
for measured levels of tritium and strontium to determine compliance.
f) Effective December 8, 2003, a supplier must monitor monthly at the sampling
points that exceeds the maximum contaminant level in Section 611.330(d)
beginning the month after the exceedence occurs. A supplier must continue
monthly monitoring until the supplier has established, by a rolling average of
three monthly samples, that the MCL is being met. A supplier that establishes
that the MCL is being met must return to quarterly monitoring until it meets the
requirements set forth in subsection (a)(2) or (b)(1) of this Section.
175
g) Until December 8, 2003, CWSs using surface water sources and serving more
than 100,000 persons and such other CWSs as the Agency, by a SEP issued
pursuant to Section 611.110, requires must monitor for compliance with Section
611.331 by analysis of a composite of four consecutive quarterly samples or
analysis of four quarterly samples. Compliance with Section 611.331 is assumed
without further analysis if the average annual concentration of gross beta particle
activity is less than 50 pCi/
ℓ
and if the average annual concentrations of tritium
and strontium-90 are less than those listed in Section 611.331, provided that if
both radionuclides are present the sum of their annual dose equivalents to bone
marrow must not exceed 4 millirem/year.
1) If the gross beta particle activity exceeds 50 pCi/
ℓ
, an analysis of the
sample must be performed to identify the major radioactive constituents
present and the appropriate organ and total body doses must be calculated
to determine compliance with Section 611.331.
2) If the MCLs are exceeded, the Agency shall, by a SEP issued pursuant to
Section 611.110, require the supplier to conduct additional monitoring to
determine the concentration of man-made radioactivity in principal
watersheds.
3) The Agency shall, pursuant to subsection (j) of this Section, by a SEP
issued pursuant to Section 611.110, require suppliers of water utilizing
only groundwater to monitor for man-made radioactivity.
h)
See Section 611.100(e).
ih) Until December 8, 2003, CWS suppliers must monitor at least every four years
following the procedure in subsection (g) of this Section.
ji) Until December 8, 2003, the Agency must, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section
611.110, require any CWS supplier utilizing waters contaminated by effluents
from nuclear facilities to initiate quarterly monitoring for gross beta particle and
iodine-131 radioactivity and annual monitoring for strontium-90 and tritium.
1) Quarterly monitoring for gross beta particle activity must be based on the
analysis of monthly samples or the analysis of a composite of three
monthly samples. If the gross beta particle activity in a sample exceeds 15
pCi/
ℓ
, the same or an equivalent sample must be analyzed for strontium-
89 and cesium-134. If the gross beta particle activity exceeds 50 pCi/
ℓ
, an
analysis of the sample must be performed to identify the major radioactive
constituents present and the appropriate organ and total body doses must
be calculated to determine compliance with Section 611.331.
2) For iodine-131, a composite of five consecutive daily samples must be
176
analyzed once each quarter. The Agency shall, by a SEP issued pursuant
to Section 611.110, require more frequent monitoring when iodine-131 is
identified in the finished water.
3) The Agency shall, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, require
annual monitoring for strontium-90 and tritium by means of the analysis
of a composite of four consecutive quarterly samples or analysis of four
quarterly samples.
4) The Agency shall, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, allow the
substitution of environmental surveillance data taken in conjunction with a
nuclear facility for direct monitoring of manmade radioactivity by the
supplier where the Agency determines such data is applicable to the CWS.
kj) Until December 8, 2003, if the average annual MCL for man-made radioactivity
set forth in Section 611.331 is exceeded, the CWS supplier must give notice to the
Agency and to the public as required by Subpart T. Monitoring at monthly
intervals must be continued until the concentration no longer exceeds the MCL or
until a monitoring schedule as a condition to a variance, adjusted standard, or
enforcement action becomes effective.
BOARD NOTE: Subsections (a) through (f) derive from 40 CFR 141.26(b) (2002) (2003).
Subsections (g) through (k) derive from 40 CFR 141.26(b), as effective until December 8, 2003.
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
SUBPART R: ENHANCED FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION: SYSTEMS THAT SERVE
10,000 OR MORE PEOPLE
Section 611.742 Disinfection Profiling and Benchmarking
a) Determination of a supplier required to profile. A PWS supplier subject to the
requirements of this Subpart R must determine its TTHM annual average using
the procedure in subsection (a)(1) of this Section and its HAA5 annual average
using the procedure in subsection (a)(2) of this Section. The annual average is the
arithmetic average of the quarterly averages of four consecutive quarters of
monitoring.
1) The TTHM annual average that is used must be the annual average during
the same period as the HAA5 annual average.
A) A supplier that collected data under the provisions of 40 CFR 141
Subpart M (Information Collection Rule) must use the results of
the samples collected during the last four quarters of required
monitoring under former 40 CFR 141.42 (1995).
177
B) A supplier that uses “grandfathered” HAA5 occurrence data that
meet the provisions of subsection (a)(2)(B) of this Section must
use TTHM data collected at the same time under the provisions of
Section 611.680.
C) A supplier that uses HAA5 occurrence data that meet the
provisions of subsection (a)(2)(C)(i) of this Section must use
TTHM data collected at the same time under the provisions of
Sections 611.310 and 611.680.
2) The HAA5 annual average that is used must be the annual average during
the same period as the TTHM annual average.
A) A supplier that collected data under the provisions of 40 CFR 141
Subpart M (Information Collection Rule) must use the results of
the samples collected during the last four quarters of required
monitoring under former 40 CFR 141.42 (1995).
B) A supplier that has collected four quarters of HAA5 occurrence
data that meets the routine monitoring sample number and location
requirements for TTHM in Section 611.680 and handling and
analytical method requirements of Section 611.685 may use that
data to determine whether the requirements of this Section apply.
C) A supplier that has had not collected four quarters of HAA5
occurrence data that meets the provisions of either subsection
(a)(2)(A) or (a)(2)(B) of this Section by March 31, 1999 must do
either of the following:
i) Conduct monitoring for HAA5 that meets the routine
monitoring sample number and location requirements for
TTHM in Section 611.680 and handling and analytical
method requirements of Section 611.685 to determine the
HAA5 annual average and whether the requirements of
subsection (b) of this Section apply; or
ii) Comply with all other provisions of this Section as if the
HAA5 monitoring had been conducted and the results
required compliance with subsection (b) of this Section.
3) The supplier may request that the Agency approve a more representative
annual data set than the data set determined under subsection (a)(1) or
(a)(2) of this Section for the purpose of determining applicability of the
requirements of this Section.
4) The Agency may require that a supplier use a more representative annual
178
data set than the data set determined under subsection (a)(1) or (a)(2) of
this Section for the purpose of determining the applicability of the
requirements of this Section.
5) The supplier must submit data to the Agency on the schedule in
subsections (a)(5)(A) through (a)(5)(E) of this Section.
A) A supplier that collected TTHM and HAA5 data under the
provisions of 40 CFR Subpart M (Information Collection Rule), as
required by subsections (a)(1)(A) and (a)(2)(A) of this Section,
must have submitted the results of the samples collected during the
last 12 months of required monitoring under Section 611.685 not
later than December 31, 1999.
B) A supplier that had collected four consecutive quarters of HAA5
occurrence data that meets the routine monitoring sample number
and location for TTHM in former 40 CFR 141.42 (1994), and
handling and analytical method requirements of Section 611.685,
as allowed by subsections (a)(1)(B) and (a)(2)(B) of this Section,
must have submitted that data to the Agency not later than April
30, 1999. Until the Agency has approved the data, the supplier
must conduct monitoring for HAA5 using the monitoring
requirements specified under subsection (a)(2)(C) of this Section.
C) A supplier that conducted monitoring for HAA5 using the
monitoring requirements specified by subsections (a)(1)(C) and
(a)(2)(C)(i) of this Section must have submitted TTHM and HAA5
data not later than March 31, 2000.
D) A supplier that elected to comply with all other provisions of this
Section as if the HAA5 monitoring had been conducted and the
results required compliance with this Section, as allowed under
subsection (a)(2)(C)(ii) of this Section, must have notified the
Agency in writing of its election not later than December 31, 1999.
E) If the supplier elected to request that the Agency approve a more
representative data set than the data set determined under
subsection (a)(2)(A) of this Section, the supplier must have
submitted this request in writing not later than December 31, 1999.
6) Any supplier having either a TTHM annual average
≥
(greater than or
equal to) 0.064 mg/
ℓ
or an HAA5 annual average
≥
0.048 mg/
ℓ
during the
period identified in subsections (a)(1) and (a)(2) of this Section must
comply with subsection (b) of this Section.
b) Disinfection profiling.
179
1) Any supplier that meets the standards in subsection (a)(6) of this Section
must develop a disinfection profile of its disinfection practice for a period
of up to three years. The Agency must determine the period of the
disinfection profile, with a minimum period of one year.
2) The supplier must monitor daily for a period of 12 consecutive calendar
months to determine the total logs of inactivation for each day of
operation, based on the CT99.9 values in Appendix B of this Part, as
appropriate, through the entire treatment plant. The supplier must have
begun this monitoring not later than April 1, 2000. As a minimum, the
supplier with a single point of disinfectant application prior to entrance to
the distribution system must conduct the monitoring in subsections
(b)(2)(A) through (b)(2)(D) of this Section. A supplier with more than
one point of disinfectant application must conduct the monitoring in
subsections (b)(2)(A) through (b)(2)(D) of this Section for each
disinfection segment. The supplier must monitor the parameters necessary
to determine the total inactivation ratio, using analytical methods in
Section 611.531, as follows:
A) The temperature of the disinfected water must be measured once
per day at each residual disinfectant concentration sampling point
during peak hourly flow.
B) If the supplier uses chlorine, the pH of the disinfected water must
be measured once per day at each chlorine residual disinfectant
concentration sampling point during peak hourly flow.
C) The disinfectant contact times (“T”) must be determined for each
day during peak hourly flow.
D) The residual disinfectant concentrations (“C”) of the water before
or at the first customer and prior to each additional point of
disinfection must be measured each day during peak hourly flow.
3) In lieu of the monitoring conducted under the provisions of subsection
(b)(2) of this Section to develop the disinfection profile, the supplier may
elect to meet the requirements of subsection (b)(3)(A) of this Section. In
addition to the monitoring conducted under the provisions of subsection
(b)(2) of this Section to develop the disinfection profile, the supplier may
elect to meet the requirements of subsection (b)(3)(B) of this Section.
A) A PWS supplier that had three years of existing operational data
may have submitted that data, a profile generated using that data,
and a request that the Agency approve use of that data in lieu of
monitoring under the provisions of subsection (b)(2) of this
180
Section not later than March 31, 2000. The Agency must
determine whether the operational data is substantially equivalent
to data collected under the provisions of subsection (b)(2) of this
Section. The data must also be representative of Giardia lamblia
inactivation through the entire treatment plant and not just of
certain treatment segments. If the Agency determines that the
operational data is substantially equivalent, the Agency must
approve the request. Until the Agency approves this request, the
system is required to conduct monitoring under the provisions of
subsection (b)(2) of this Section.
B) In addition to the disinfection profile generated under subsection
(b)(2) of this Section, a PWS supplier that has existing operational
data may use that data to develop a disinfection profile for
additional years. The Agency must determine whether the
operational data is substantially equivalent to data collected under
the provisions of subsection (b)(2) of this Section. The data must
also be representative of inactivation through the entire treatment
plant and not just of certain treatment segments. If the Agency
determines that the operational data is substantially equivalent,
such systems may use these additional yearly disinfection profiles
to develop a benchmark under the provisions of subsection (c) of
this Section.
4) The supplier must calculate the total inactivation ratio as follows:
A) If the supplier uses only one point of disinfectant application, the
system may determine the total inactivation ratio for the
disinfection segment based on either of the methods in subsection
(b)(4)(A)(i) or (b)(4)(A)(ii) of this Section.
i) Determine one inactivation ratio (CTcalc/CT99.9) before or at
the first customer during peak hourly flow.
ii) Determine successive CTcalc/CT99.9 values, representing
sequential inactivation ratios, between the point of
disinfectant application and a point before or at the first
customer during peak hourly flow. Under this alternative,
the supplier must calculate the total inactivation ratio
(
Σ
(CTcalc/CT99.9)) by determining CTcalc/CT99.9 for each
sequence and then adding the CTcalc/CT99.9 values together
to determine
Σ
(CTcalc/CT99.9).
B) If the supplier uses more than one point of disinfectant application
before the first customer, the system must determine the CT value
of each disinfection segment immediately prior to the next point of
181
disinfectant application, or for the final segment, before or at the
first customer, during peak hourly flow. The (CTcalc/CT99.9) value
of each segment and (
Σ
(CTcalc/CT99.9)) must be calculated using
the method in subsection (b)(4)(A) of this Section.
C) The supplier must determine the total logs of inactivation by
multiplying the value calculated in subsection (b)(4)(A) or
(b)(4)(B) of this Section by 3.0.
5) A supplier that uses either chloramines or ozone for primary disinfection
must also calculate the logs of inactivation for viruses using a method
approved by the Agency.
6) The supplier must retain disinfection profile data in graphic form, as a
spreadsheet, or in some other format acceptable to the Agency for review
as part of sanitary surveys conducted by the Agency.
c) Disinfection benchmarking.
1) Any supplier required to develop a disinfection profile under the
provisions of subsections (a) and (b) of this Section and that decides to
make a significant change to its disinfection practice must consult with the
Agency prior to making such change. Significant changes to disinfection
practice are the following:
A) Changes to the point of disinfection;
B) Changes to the disinfectants used in the treatment plant;
C) Changes to the disinfection process; and
D) Any other modification identified by the Agency.
2) Any supplier that is modifying its disinfection practice must calculate its
disinfection benchmark using the procedure specified in subsections
(c)(2)(A) and (c)(2)(B) of this Section.
A) For each year of profiling data collected and calculated under
subsection (b) of this Section, the supplier must determine the
lowest average monthly Giardia lamblia inactivation in each year
of profiling data. The supplier must determine the average Giardia
lamblia inactivation for each calendar month for each year of
profiling data by dividing the sum of daily Giardia lamblia of
inactivation by the number of values calculated for that month.
B) The disinfection benchmark is the lowest monthly average value
182
(for systems with one year of profiling data) or average of lowest
monthly average values (for systems with more than one year of
profiling data) of the monthly logs of Giardia lamblia inactivation
in each year of profiling data.
3) A supplier that uses either chloramines or ozone for primary disinfection
must also calculate the disinfection benchmark for viruses using a method
approved by the Agency.
4) The supplier must submit information in subsections (c)(4)(A) through
(c)(4)(C) of this Section to the Agency as part of its consultation process.
A) A description of the proposed change;
B) The disinfection profile for Giardia lamblia (and, if necessary,
viruses) under subsection (b) of this Section and benchmark as
required by subsection (c)(2) of this Section; and
C) An analysis of how the proposed change will affect the current
levels of disinfection.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.172 (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
SUBPART U: CONSUMER CONFIDENCE REPORTS
Section 611.882 Compliance Dates
a) Each existing CWS must have delivered its first report by October 19, 1999, its
second report by July 1, 2000, and it must deliver subsequent reports by July 1
annually thereafter. The first report must have contained data collected during or
prior to calendar year 1998, as prescribed in Section 611.883(d)(3). Each report
thereafter must contain data collected during, or prior to, the previous calendar year.
b) A new CWS must deliver its first report by July 1 of the year after its first full
calendar year in operation and annually thereafter.
c) A community water system that sells water to another community water system
must deliver the applicable information required in Section 611.883 to the buyer
system as follows:
1)
No By no later than April 1, 2000, and by April 1 annually thereafter; or
2) On a date mutually agreed upon by the seller and the purchaser, and
specifically included in a contract between the parties.
183
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.152 (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.883 Content of the Reports
a) Each CWS must provide to its customers an annual report that contains the
information specified in this Section and Section 611.884.
b) Information on the source of the water delivered.
1) Each report must identify the sources of the water delivered by the CWS by
providing information on the following:
A) The type of the water (e.g., surface water, groundwater); and
B) The commonly used name (if any) and location of the body (or
bodies) of water.
2) If a source water assessment has been completed, the report must notify
consumers of the availability of this information and the means to obtain it.
In addition, systems are encouraged to highlight in the report significant
sources of contamination in the source water area if they have readily
available information. Where a system has received a source water
assessment from the Agency, the report must include a brief summary of the
system’s susceptibility to potential sources of contamination, using language
provided by the Agency or written by the supplier.
c) Definitions.
1) Each report must include the following definitions:
A) Maximum Contaminant Level Goal or MCLG: The level of a
contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or
expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of safety.
BOARD NOTE: Although an MCLG is not an NPDWR that the
Board must include in the Illinois SDWA regulations, the use of
this definition is mandatory where the term “MCLG” is defined.
B) Maximum Contaminant Level or MCL: The highest level of a
contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as
close to the MCLGs as feasible using the best available treatment
technology.
184
2) A report for a CWS operating under relief from an NPDWR issued under
Sections 611.111, 611.112, 611.130, or 611.131 must include the following
definition: “Variances, Adjusted Standards, and Site-specific Rules: State
permission not to meet an MCL or a treatment technique under certain
conditions.”
3) A report that contains data on contaminants that USEPA regulates using
any of the following terms must include the applicable definitions:
A) Treatment technique: A required process intended to reduce the
level of a contaminant in drinking water.
B) Action level: The concentration of a contaminant that, if exceeded,
triggers treatment or other requirements that a water system must
follow.
C) Maximum residual disinfectant level goal or MRDLG: The level
of a drinking water disinfectant below which there is no known or
expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the
use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants.
BOARD NOTE: Although an MRDLG is not an NPDWR that the
Board must include in the Illinois SDWA regulations, the use of
this definition is mandatory where the term “MRDLG” is defined.
D) Maximum residual disinfectant level or MRDL: The highest level
of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is convincing
evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of
microbial contaminants.
d) Information on detected contaminants.
1) This subsection (d) specifies the requirements for information to be included
in each report for contaminants subject to mandatory monitoring (except
Cryptosporidium). It applies to the following:
A) Contaminants subject to an MCL, action level, MRDL, or treatment
technique (regulated contaminants);
B) Contaminants for which monitoring is required by Section 611.510
(unregulated contaminants); and
C) Disinfection byproducts or microbial contaminants for which
monitoring is required by Section 611.382 and Subpart L of this
Part, except as provided under subsection (e)(1) of this Section, and
which are detected in the finished water.
185
2) The data relating to these contaminants must be displayed in one table or in
several adjacent tables. Any additional monitoring results that a CWS
chooses to include in its report must be displayed separately.
3) The data must have been derived from data collected to comply with
monitoring and analytical requirements during calendar year 1998 for the
first report and must be derived from the data collected in subsequent
calendar years, except that the following requirements also apply:
A) Where a system is allowed to monitor for regulated contaminants
less often than once a year, the tables must include the date and
results of the most recent sampling, and the report must include a
brief statement indicating that the data presented in the report is
from the most recent testing done in accordance with the regulations.
No data older than five years need be included.
B) Results of monitoring in compliance with Section 611.382 and
Subpart L need only be included for five years from the date of last
sample or until any of the detected contaminants becomes regulated
and subject to routine monitoring requirements, whichever comes
first.
4) For detected regulated contaminants (listed in Appendix A of this Part), the
tables must contain the following:
A) The MCL for that contaminant expressed as a number equal to or
greater than 1.0 (as provided in Appendix A of this Part);
B) The federal Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) for that
contaminant expressed in the same units as the MCL;
C) If there is no MCL for a detected contaminant, the table must
indicate that there is a treatment technique, or specify the action
level, applicable to that contaminant, and the report must include the
definitions for treatment technique or action level, as appropriate,
specified in subsection (c)(3) of this Section;
D) For contaminants subject to an MCL, except turbidity and total
coliforms, the highest contaminant level used to determine
compliance with an NPDWR, and the range of detected levels, as
follows:
i) When compliance with the MCL is determined annually or
less frequently: the highest detected level at any sampling
point and the range of detected levels expressed in the same
186
units as the MCL.
ii) When compliance with the MCL is determined by
calculating a running annual average of all samples taken at
a sampling point: the highest average of any of the sampling
points and the range of all sampling points expressed in the
same units as the MCL.
iii) When compliance with the MCL is determined on a system-
wide basis by calculating a running annual average of all
samples at all sampling points: the average and range of
detection expressed in the same units as the MCL;
BOARD NOTE to subsection (d)(4)(D): When rounding of results
to determine compliance with the MCL is allowed by the
regulations, rounding should be done prior to multiplying the results
by the factor listed in Appendix A of this Part; derived from 40 CFR
153 (2002) (2003).
E) For turbidity the following:
i) When it is reported pursuant to Section 611.560: the highest
average monthly value.
ii) When it is reported pursuant to the requirements of Section
611.211(b): the highest monthly value. The report must
include an explanation of the reasons for measuring
turbidity.
iii) When it is reported pursuant to Section 611.250, 611.743, or
611.955(b): the highest single measurement and the lowest
monthly percentage of samples meeting the turbidity limits
specified in Section 611.250, 611.743, or 611.955(b) for the
filtration technology being used. The report must include an
explanation of the reasons for measuring turbidity;
F) For lead and copper the following: the 90th percentile value of the
most recent round of sampling and the number of sampling sites
exceeding the action level;
G) For total coliform the following:
i) The highest monthly number of positive samples for systems
collecting fewer than 40 samples per month; or
ii) The highest monthly percentage of positive samples for
187
systems collecting at least 40 samples per month;
H) For fecal coliform the following: the total number of positive
samples; and
I) The likely sources of detected contaminants to the best of the
supplier’s knowledge. Specific information regarding contaminants
may be available in sanitary surveys and source water assessments,
and must be used when available to the supplier. If the supplier
lacks specific information on the likely source, the report must
include one or more of the typical sources for that contaminant listed
in Appendix G of this Part that are most applicable to the CWS.
5) If a CWS distributes water to its customers from multiple hydraulically
independent distribution systems that are fed by different raw water sources,
the table must contain a separate column for each service area and the report
must identify each separate distribution system. Alternatively, a CWS may
produce separate reports tailored to include data for each service area.
6) The tables must clearly identify any data indicating violations of MCLs,
MRDLs, or treatment techniques, and the report must contain a clear and
readily understandable explanation of the violation including the following:
the length of the violation, the potential adverse health effects, and actions
taken by the CWS to address the violation. To describe the potential health
effects, the CWS must use the relevant language of Appendix A of this Part.
7) For detected unregulated contaminants for which monitoring is required
(except Cryptosporidium), the tables must contain the average and range at
which the contaminant was detected. The report may include a brief
explanation of the reasons for monitoring for unregulated contaminants.
e) Information on Cryptosporidium, radon, and other contaminants as follows:
1) If the CWS has performed any monitoring for Cryptosporidium, including
monitoring performed to satisfy the requirements of Subpart L of this Part,
that indicates that Cryptosporidium may be present in the source water or
the finished water, the report must include the following:
A) A summary of the results of the monitoring; and
B) An explanation of the significance of the results.
2) If the CWS has performed any monitoring for radon that indicates that radon
may be present in the finished water, the report must include the following:
A) The results of the monitoring; and
188
B) An explanation of the significance of the results.
3) If the CWS has performed additional monitoring that indicates the presence
of other contaminants in the finished water, the report must include the
following:
A) The results of the monitoring; and
B) An explanation of the significance of the results noting the existence
of any health advisory or proposed regulation.
f) Compliance with an NPDWR. In addition to the requirements of subsection (d)(6)
of this Section, the report must note any violation that occurred during the year
covered by the report of a requirement listed below, and include a clear and readily
understandable explanation of the violation, any potential adverse health effects,
and the steps the CWS has taken to correct the violation.
1) Monitoring and reporting of compliance data.
2) Filtration and disinfection prescribed by Subpart B of this Part. For CWSs
that have failed to install adequate filtration or disinfection equipment or
processes, or have had a failure of such equipment or processes that
constitutes a violation, the report must include the following language as
part of the explanation of potential adverse health effects: Inadequately
treated water may contain disease-causing organisms. These organisms
include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms such as
nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches.
3) Lead and copper control requirements prescribed by Subpart G of this Part.
For systems that fail to take one or more actions prescribed by Sections
Section 611.350(d), 611.351, 611.352, 611.353, or 611.354, the report must
include the applicable language of Appendix A of this Part for lead, copper,
or both.
4) Treatment techniques for acrylamide and epichlorohydrin prescribed by
Section 611.296. For systems that violate the requirements of Section
611.296, the report must include the relevant language from Appendix A of
this Part.
5) Recordkeeping of compliance data.
6) Special monitoring requirements prescribed by Sections 611.510 and
611.630.
7) Violation of the terms of a variance, adjusted standard, site-specific rule, or
189
administrative or judicial order.
g) Variances, adjusted standards, and site-specific rules. If a system is operating under
the terms of a variance, adjusted standard, or site-specific rule issued under Section
611.111, 611.112, or 611.131, the report must contain the following:
1) An explanation of the reasons for the variance, adjusted standard, or site-
specific rule;
2) The date on which the variance, adjusted standard, or site-specific rule was
issued;
3) A brief status report on the steps the CWS is taking to install treatment, find
alternative sources of water, or otherwise comply with the terms and
schedules of the variance, adjusted standard, or site-specific rule; and
4) A notice of any opportunity for public input in the review, or renewal, of the
variance, adjusted standard, or site-specific rule.
h) Additional information.
1) The report must contain a brief explanation regarding contaminants that may
reasonably be expected to be found in drinking water, including bottled
water. This explanation may include the language of subsections (h)(1)(A)
through (h)(1)(C) of this Section or CWSs may use their own comparable
language. The report also must include the language of subsection
(h)(1)(D) of this Section.
A) The sources of drinking water (both tap water and bottled water)
include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells.
As water travels over the surface of the land or through the ground,
it dissolves naturally-occurring minerals and, in some cases,
radioactive material, and can pick up substances resulting from the
presence of animals or from human activity.
B) Contaminants that may be present in source water include the
following:
i) Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, which
may come from sewage treatment plants, septic systems,
agricultural livestock operations, and wildlife;
ii) Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals, which can
be naturally-occurring or result from urban stormwater
runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater discharges, oil and
gas production, mining, or farming;
190
iii) Pesticides and herbicides, which may come from a variety of
sources such as agriculture, urban stormwater runoff, and
residential uses;
iv) Organic chemical contaminants, including synthetic and
volatile organic chemicals, which are byproducts of
industrial processes and petroleum production, and can also
come from gas stations, urban stormwater runoff, and septic
systems; and
v) Radioactive contaminants, which can be naturally-occurring
or be the result of oil and gas production and mining
activities.
C) In order to ensure that tap water is safe to drink, USEPA prescribes
regulations that limit the amount of certain contaminants in water
provided by public water systems. United States Food and Drug
Administration (USFDA) regulations establish limits for
contaminants in bottled water that must provide the same protection
for public health.
D) Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be
expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants.
The presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that
water poses a health risk. More information about contaminants and
potential health effects can be obtained by calling the USEPA Safe
Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791).
2) The report must include the telephone number of the owner, operator, or
designee of the CWS as a source of additional information concerning the
report.
3) In communities with a large proportion of non-English speaking residents,
as determined by the Agency, the report must contain information in the
appropriate languages regarding the importance of the report or contain a
telephone number or address where such residents may contact the system
to obtain a translated copy of the report or assistance in the appropriate
language.
4) The report must include information about opportunities for public
participation in decisions that may affect the quality of the water.
5) The CWS may include such additional information as it deems necessary for
public education consistent with, and not detracting from, the purpose of the
report.
191
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.153 (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.884 Required Additional Health Information
a) All reports must prominently display the following language: “Some people may
be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population.
Immuno-compromised persons such as persons with cancer undergoing
chemotherapy, persons who have undergone organ transplants, people with
HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some elderly, and infants can be
particularly at risk from infections. These people should seek advice about drinking
water from their health care providers. USEPA or Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by
Cryptosporidium and other microbial contaminants are available from the USEPA
Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791).”
b) A supplier that detects arsenic above 0.005 mg/
ℓ
and up to and including 0.01
0.010 mg/
ℓ
must do the following:
1) The supplier must include in its report a short informational statement about
arsenic, using the following language: “While your drinking water meets
USEPA’s standard for arsenic, it does contain low levels of arsenic.
USEPA’s standard balances the current understanding of arsenic’s
possible health effects against the costs of removing arsenic from drinking
water. USEPA continues to research the health effects of low levels of
arsenic, which is a naturally-occurring mineral known to cause cancer in
humans at high concentrations and is linked to other health effects such as
skin damage and circulatory problems.”; or
2) The supplier may write its own educational statement, but only in
consultation with the Agency.
c) A supplier that detects nitrate at levels above 5 mg/
ℓ
, but below the MCL, must do
the following:
1) The supplier must include a short informational statement about the impacts
of nitrate on children, using the following language: “Nitrate in drinking
water at levels above 10 ppm is a health risk for infants of less than six
months of age. High nitrate levels in drinking water can cause blue baby
syndrome. Nitrate levels may rise quickly for short periods of time because
of rainfall or agricultural activity. If you are caring for an infant you should
ask advice from your health care provider”; or
2) The CWS supplier may write its own educational statement, but only in
192
consultation with the Agency.
d) A CWS supplier that detects lead above the action level in more than five percent,
and up to and including ten percent, of homes sampled must do the following:
1) The CWS supplier must include a short informational statement about the
special impact of lead on children, using the following language: “Infants
and young children are typically more vulnerable to lead in drinking water
than the general population. It is possible that lead levels at your home may
be higher than at other homes in the community as a result of materials used
in your home’s plumbing. If you are concerned about elevated lead levels in
your home’s water, you may wish to have your water tested and flush your
tap for 30 seconds to two minutes before using tap water. Additional
information is available from the USEPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline
(800-426-4791)”; or
2) The CWS supplier may write its own educational statement, but only in
consultation with the Agency.
e) A CWS supplier that detects TTHM above 0.080 mg/
ℓ
, but below the MCL in
Section 611.312, as an annual average, monitored and calculated under the
provisions of former Section 611.680, must include the health effects language
prescribed by Appendix A of this Part.
f) Until January 22, 2006, a CWS supplier that detects arsenic above 0.01 0.010
mg/
ℓ
and up to and including 0.05 mg/
ℓ
must include the arsenic health effects
language prescribed by Appendix A to this Part.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.154 (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
SUBPART X: ENHANCED FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION--SYSTEMS
SERVING FEWER THAN 10,000 PEOPLE
Section 611.954 Disinfection Benchmark
a) Applicability. A Subpart B system supplier that is required to develop a
disinfection profile under Section 611.953 must develop a disinfection benchmark
if it decides to make a significant change to its disinfection practice. The supplier
must consult with the Agency for approval before it can implement a significant
disinfection practice change.
b) Significant changes to disinfection practice. Significant changes to disinfection
practice include the following:
193
1) Changes to the point of disinfection;
2) Changes to the disinfectants used in the treatment plant;
3) Changes to the disinfection process; or
4) Any other modification identified by the Agency.
c) Considering a significant change. A supplier that is considering a significant
change to its disinfection practice must calculate disinfection benchmark, as
described in subsections (d) and (e) of this Section, and provide the benchmarks
to the Agency. A supplier may only make a significant disinfection practice
change after consulting with the Agency for approval. A supplier must submit the
following information to the Agency as part of the consultation and approval
process:
1) A description of the proposed change;
2) The disinfection profile for Giardia lamblia (and, if necessary, viruses)
and disinfection benchmark;
3) An analysis of how the proposed change will affect the current levels of
disinfection; and
4) Any additional information requested by the Agency.
d) Calculation of a disinfection benchmark. A supplier that is making a significant
change to its disinfection practice must calculate a disinfection benchmark using
the following procedure:
1) Step 1: Using the data that the supplier collected to develop the
disinfection profile, determine the average Giardia lamblia inactivation for
each calendar month by dividing the sum of all Giardia lamblia
inactivations for that month by the number of values calculated for that
month; and
2) Step 2: Determine the lowest monthly average value out of the 12 values.
This value becomes the disinfection benchmark.
e) If a supplier uses chloramines, ozone or chlorine dioxide for primary disinfection
the supplier must calculate the disinfection benchmark from the data that the
supplier collected for viruses to develop the disinfection profile in subsection (d)
of this Section. This viral benchmark must be calculated in the same manner used
to calculate the Giardia lamblia disinfection benchmark in subsection (d) of this
Section.
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BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.540 through 141.544 (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.Appendix A Regulated Contaminants
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: MCL: (a supplier that collects 40 or more samples/month)
five percent or fewer of monthly samples are positive; (systems that collect fewer
than 40 samples/month) one or fewer positive monthly samples.
Microbiological contaminants.
Contaminant (units): Total Coliform Bacteria
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: MCL: (a supplier that collects 40 or more samples/month) five
percent or fewer of monthly samples are positive; (a supplier that collects fewer
than 40 samples/month) one or fewer positive monthly sample samples.
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Naturally present in the environment.
Health effects language: Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the
environment and are used as an indicator that other, potentially-harmful, bacteria
may be present. Coliforms were found in more samples than allowed and this
was a warning of potential problems.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Human and animal fecal waste.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: TT
MCL in CCR units: TT
Contaminant (units): Fecal coliform and E. coli
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 0
MCLG: 0
Health effects language: Fecal coliforms and E. coli are bacteria whose presence
indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes.
Microbes in these wastes can cause short-term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps,
nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a special health risk for
infants, young children, some of the elderly, and people with severely-
compromised immune systems.
Contaminant (units): Total organic carbon (ppm)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCLG: N/A
Major sources in drinking water: Naturally present in the environment.
Health effects language: Total organic carbon (TOC) has no health effects. However,
total organic carbon provides a medium for the formation of disinfection
byproducts. These byproducts include trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic
acids (HAAs). Drinking water containing these byproducts in excess of the MCL
195
may lead to adverse health effects, liver or kidney problems, or nervous system
effects, and may lead to an increased risk of getting cancer.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: TT
MCL in CCR units: TT
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 4 mrem/yr
Major sources in drinking water: Decay of natural and man-made deposits.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 15 pCi/
ℓ
MCL in CCR units: 15
Contaminant (units): Turbidity (NTU)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCLG: N/A
Major sources in drinking water: Soil runoff.
Health effects language: Turbidity has no health effects. However, turbidity can
interfere with disinfection and provide a medium for microbial growth. Turbidity
may indicate the presence of disease-causing organisms. These organisms
include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms such as nausea,
cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches.
Radioactive contaminants.
Contaminant (units): Beta/photon emitters (mrem/yr)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 4
MCLG: 0
Health effects language: Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit forms of
radiation known as photons and beta radiation. Some people who drink water
containing beta particle and photon radioactivity in excess of the MCL over many
years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Alpha emitters (pCi/
ℓ
)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Erosion of natural deposits.
Health effects language: Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit a form of
radiation known as alpha radiation. Some people who drink water containing
alpha emitters in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk
of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Combined radium (pCi/
ℓ
)
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 5 pCi/
ℓ
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 5
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Erosion of natural deposits.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing radium-226 or -228 in
196
excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Uranium (
µ
g/
ℓ
)
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 30
µ
g/
ℓ
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 30
Major sources in drinking water: Erosion of natural deposits.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.006
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from petroleum refineries; fire retardants;
ceramics; electronics; solder.
MCLG: 0
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing uranium in excess of
the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer and
kidney toxicity.
Inorganic contaminants.
Contaminant (units): Antimony (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 6
MCLG: 6
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing antimony well in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience increases in blood
cholesterol and decreases in blood sugar.
Contaminant (units): Arsenic (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.05 until January 23, 2006 or 0.01 0.010 effective January
23, 2006
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 50
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 7 MFL
MCL in CCR units: 7
MCLG: 0 (effective January 26, 2006)
Major sources in drinking water: Erosion of natural deposits; runoff from orchards;
runoff from glass and electronics production wastes.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing arsenic in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience skin damage or problems with their
circulatory system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Asbestos (MFL)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCLG: 7
Major sources in drinking water: Decay of asbestos cement water mains; erosion of
natural deposits.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing asbestos in excess of
the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of developing benign
197
intestinal polyps.
Contaminant (units): Barium (ppm)
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 2
MCL in CCR units: 2
MCL in CCR units: 4
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from metal refineries and coal-burning
factories; discharge from electrical, aerospace, and defense industries.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.010
MCL in CCR units: 10
Major sources in drinking water: By-product of drinking water disinfection.
MCL in CCR units: 5
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: MRDL=4
MCL in CCR units: MRDL=4
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCLG: 2
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge of drilling wastes; discharge from metal
refineries; erosion of natural deposits.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing barium in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience an increase in their blood pressure.
Contaminant (units): Beryllium (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.004
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 4
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing beryllium well in
excess of the MCL over many years could develop intestinal lesions.
Contaminant (units): Bromate (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 0
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing bromate in excess of
the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Cadmium (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.005
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 5
Major sources in drinking water: Corrosion of galvanized pipes; erosion of natural
deposits; discharge from metal refineries; runoff from waste batteries and paints.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing cadmium in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage.
Contaminant (units): Chloramines (ppm)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCLG: MRDLG=4
198
Major sources in drinking water: Water additive used to control microbes.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing chloramines well in
excess of the MRDL could experience irritating effects to their eyes and nose.
Some people who drink water containing chloramines well in excess of the
MRDL could experience stomach discomfort or anemia.
Contaminant (units): Chlorine (ppm)
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: MRDL=4
MCL in CCR units: MRDL=4
MCL in CCR units: MRDL=800
Major sources in drinking water: Water additive used to control microbes.
Major sources in drinking water: By-product of drinking water disinfection.
MCL in CCR units: 100
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCLG: MRDLG=4
Major sources in drinking water: Water additive used to control microbes.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing chlorine well in
excess of the MRDL could experience irritating effects to their eyes and nose.
Some people who drink water containing chlorine well in excess of the MRDL
could experience stomach discomfort.
Contaminant (units): Chlorine dioxide (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: MRDL=800
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: MRDLG=800
Health effects language: Some infants and young children who drink water containing
chlorine dioxide well in excess of the MRDL could experience nervous system
effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water
containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL. Some people may
experience anemia.
Contaminant (units): Chlorite (ppm)
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: MRDL=1
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: MRDL=1
MCLG: MRDLG=0.8
Health effects language: Some infants and young children who drink water containing
chlorite well in excess of the MCL could experience nervous system effects.
Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water
containing chlorite in excess of the MCL. Some people may experience anemia.
Contaminant (units): Chromium (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.1
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 100
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from steel and pulp mills; erosion of natural
199
deposits.
Health effects language: Some people who use water containing chromium well in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience allergic dermatitis.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: AL=1.3
Major sources in drinking water: Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of
natural deposits.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.2
MCL in CCR units: 200
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 4
MCL in CCR units: 4
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: AL=0.015
Contaminant (units): Copper (ppm)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: AL=1.3
MCLG: 1.3
Health effects language: Copper is an essential nutrient, but some people who drink
water containing copper in excess of the action level over a relatively short
amount of time could experience gastrointestinal distress. Some people who
drink water containing copper in excess of the action level over many years could
suffer liver or kidney damage. People with Wilson’s Disease should consult their
personal doctor.
Contaminant (units): Cyanide (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 200
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from steel/metal factories; discharge from
plastic and fertilizer factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing cyanide well in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience nerve damage or problems with
their thyroid.
Contaminant (units): Fluoride (ppm)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCLG: 4
Major sources in drinking water: Erosion of natural deposits; water additive that
promotes strong teeth; discharge from fertilizer and aluminum factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing fluoride in excess of
the MCL over many years could get bone disease, including pain and tenderness
of the bones. Fluoride in drinking water at half the MCL or more may cause
mottling of children’s teeth, usually in children less than nine years old. Mottling,
also known as dental fluorosis, may include brown staining or pitting of the teeth,
and occurs only in developing teeth before they erupt from the gums.
Contaminant (units): Lead (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
200
MCL in CCR units: AL=15
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of
natural deposits.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.002
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 10
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks,
sewage; erosion of natural deposits.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 1
MCL in CCR units: 1
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.05
MCL in CCR units: 50
Health effects language: Infants and children who drink water containing lead in excess
of the action level could experience delays in their physical or mental
development. Children could show slight deficits in attention span and learning
abilities. Adults who drink this water over many years could develop kidney
problems or high blood pressure.
Contaminant (units): Mercury (inorganic) (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 2
MCLG: 2
Major sources in drinking water: Erosion of natural deposits; discharge from refineries
and factories; runoff from landfills; runoff from cropland.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing inorganic mercury
well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage.
Contaminant (units): Nitrate (ppm)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: 10
MCLG: 10
Health effects language: Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing
nitrate in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die.
Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome.
Contaminant (units): Nitrite (ppm)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCLG: 1
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks,
sewage; erosion of natural deposits.
Health effects language: Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing
nitrite in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die.
Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome.
Contaminant (units): Selenium (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
201
MCLG: 50
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from petroleum and metal refineries; erosion
of natural deposits; discharge from mines.
Health effects language: Selenium is an essential nutrient. However, some people who
drink water containing selenium in excess of the MCL over many years could
experience hair or fingernail losses, numbness in fingers or toes, or problems with
their circulation.
Contaminant (units): Thallium (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.002
Major sources in drinking water: Leaching from ore-processing sites; discharge from
electronics, glass, and drug factories.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.07
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide used on row crops.
MCL in CCR units: 50
Major sources in drinking water: Residue of banned herbicide.
Major sources in drinking water: Added to water during sewage/wastewater treatment.
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 2
MCLG: 0.5
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing thallium in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience hair loss, changes in their blood, or
problems with their kidneys, intestines, or liver.
Synthetic organic contaminants including pesticides and herbicides.
Contaminant (units): 2,4-D (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 70
MCLG: 70
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing the weed killer 2,4-D
well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their
kidneys, liver, or adrenal glands.
Contaminant (units): 2,4,5-TP (silvex) (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.05
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 50
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing silvex in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience liver problems.
Contaminant (units): Acrylamide
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: TT
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCL in CCR units: TT
MCLG: 0
202
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing high levels of
acrylamide over a long period of time could have problems with their nervous
system or blood, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Alachlor (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.002
MCL in CCR units: 2
MCL in CCR units: 3
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide used on row crops.
Major sources in drinking water: Leaching from linings of water storage tanks and
distribution lines.
MCL in CCR units: 40
Major sources in drinking water: Leaching of soil fumigant used on rice and alfalfa.
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide used on row crops.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing alachlor in excess of
the MCL over many years could have problems with their eyes, liver, kidneys, or
spleen, or experience anemia, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Atrazine (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.003
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 3
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing atrazine well in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their
cardiovascular system or reproductive difficulties.
Contaminant (units): Benzo(a)pyrene (PAH) (nanograms/
ℓ
)
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.0002
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000
MCL in CCR units: 200
MCLG: 0
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing benzo(a)pyrene in
excess of the MCL over many years may experience reproductive difficulties and
may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Carbofuran (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.04
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 40
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing carbofuran in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their blood, or
nervous or reproductive systems.
Contaminant (units): Chlordane (ppb)
203
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.002
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 2
MCLG: 0
Major sources in drinking water: Residue of banned termiticide.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.2
MCL in CCR units: 200
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.006
MCL in CCR units: 6
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from rubber and chemical factories.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.0002
MCL in CCR units: 200
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff/leaching from soil fumigant used on soybeans,
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing chlordane in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or nervous
system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Dalapon (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 200
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide used on rights of way.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing dalapon well in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience minor kidney changes.
Contaminant (units): Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.4
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCL in CCR units: 400
MCLG: 400
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing di(2-
ethylhexyl)adipate well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
toxic effects, such as weight loss, liver enlargement, or possible reproductive
difficulties.
Contaminant (units): Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 0
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing di(2-
ethylhexyl)phthalate well in excess of the MCL over many years may have
problems with their liver or experience reproductive difficulties, and they may
have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) (ppt)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000
MCLG: 0
204
cotton, pineapples, and orchards.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.007
MCL in CCR units: 7
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide used on soybeans and
vegetables.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.02
MCL in CCR units: 20
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide use.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.00000003
MCL in CCR units: 30
Major sources in drinking water: Emissions from waste incineration and other
combustion; discharge from chemical factories.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.1
MCL in CCR units: 100
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide use.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing DBCP in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience reproductive problems and may have
an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Dinoseb (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 7
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing dinoseb well in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties.
Contaminant (units): Diquat (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 20
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing diquat in excess of the
MCL over many years could get cataracts.
Contaminant (units): Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) (ppq)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000,000
MCLG: 0
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing dioxin in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Endothall (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 100
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing endothall in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience problems with their stomach or
intestines.
Contaminant (units): Endrin (ppb)
205
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.002
MCL in CCR units: 2
Major sources in drinking water: Residue of banned insecticide.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: TT
MCL in CCR units: TT
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories; an
impurity of some water treatment chemicals.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.00005
MCL in CCR units: 50
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from petroleum refineries.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.7
MCL in CCR units: 700
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide use.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.0004
MCL in CCR units: 400
Major sources in drinking water: Residue of banned pesticide.
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 2
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing endrin in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience liver problems.
Contaminant (units): Epichlorohydrin
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCLG: 0
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing high levels of
epichlorohydrin over a long period of time could experience stomach problems,
and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Ethylene dibromide (ppt)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000
MCLG: 0
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing ethylene dibromide in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver,
stomach, reproductive system, or kidneys, and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Glyphosate (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 700
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing glyphosate in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or
reproductive difficulties.
Contaminant (units): Heptachlor (ppt)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000
MCLG: 0
206
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing heptachlor in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.0002
MCL in CCR units: 200
Major sources in drinking water: Breakdown of heptachlor.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.001
MCL in CCR units: 1
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from metal refineries and agricultural
chemical factories.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.05
MCL in CCR units: 50
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from chemical factories.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.0002
MCL in CCR units: 200
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cattle,
lumber, gardens.
Contaminant (units): Heptachlor epoxide (ppt)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000
MCLG: 0
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing heptachlor epoxide in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage, and may
have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Hexachlorobenzene (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 0
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing hexachlorobenzene in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or
kidneys, or adverse reproductive effects, and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 50
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing
hexachlorocyclopentadiene well in excess of the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their kidneys or stomach.
Contaminant (units): Lindane (ppt)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000
MCLG: 200
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing lindane in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or liver.
207
Contaminant (units): Methoxychlor (ppb)
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.04
MCL in CCR units: 40
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on fruits,
vegetables, alfalfa, livestock.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.2
MCL in CCR units: 200
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on apples,
potatoes and tomatoes.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.0005
MCL in CCR units: 500
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from landfills; discharge of waste chemicals.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.001
MCL in CCR units: 1
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from wood preserving factories.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.5
MCL in CCR units: 500
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 40
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing methoxychlor in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties.
Contaminant (units): Oxamyl (vydate) (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 200
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing oxamyl in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience slight nervous system effects.
Contaminant (units): PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) (ppt)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000
MCLG: 0
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing PCBs in excess of the
MCL over many years could experience changes in their skin, problems with their
thymus gland, immune deficiencies, or reproductive or nervous system
difficulties, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Pentachlorophenol (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 0
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing pentachlorophenol in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or
kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Picloram (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 500
208
Major sources in drinking water: Herbicide runoff.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.004
MCL in CCR units: 4
Major sources in drinking water: Herbicide runoff.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.003
MCL in CCR units: 3
Major sources in drinking water: Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cotton and
cattle.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.005
MCL in CCR units: 5
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from factories; leaching from gas storage
tanks and landfills.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.005
MCL in CCR units: 5
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from chemical plants and other industrial
activities.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing picloram in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.
Contaminant (units): Simazine (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 4
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing simazine in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience problems with their blood.
Contaminant (units): Toxaphene (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 0
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing toxaphene in excess
of the MCL over many years could have problems with their kidneys, liver, or
thyroid, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Volatile organic contaminants.
Contaminant (units): Benzene (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 0
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing benzene in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience anemia or a decrease in blood
platelets, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Carbon tetrachloride (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 0
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing carbon tetrachloride
in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver
209
and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.1
MCL in CCR units: 100
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from chemical and agricultural chemical
factories.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.6
MCL in CCR units: 600
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.075
MCL in CCR units: 75
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.005
MCL in CCR units: 5
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.007
MCL in CCR units: 7
Contaminant (units): Chlorobenzene (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 100
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing chlorobenzene in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or
kidneys.
Contaminant (units): o-Dichlorobenzene (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 600
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing o-dichlorobenzene
well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their
liver, kidneys, or circulatory systems.
Contaminant (units): p-Dichlorobenzene (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 75
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing p-dichlorobenzene in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia; damage to their
liver, kidneys, or spleen; or changes in their blood.
Contaminant (units): 1,2-Dichloroethane (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 0
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloroethane in
excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): 1,1-Dichloroethylene (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
210
MCLG: 7
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.07
MCL in CCR units: 70
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.1
MCL in CCR units: 100
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.005
MCL in CCR units: 5
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from pharmaceutical and chemical factories.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.005
MCL in CCR units: 5
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing 1,1-dichloroethylene
in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.
Contaminant (units): cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 70
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing cis-1,2-
dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
problems with their liver.
Contaminant (units): trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 100
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing trans-1,2-
dichloroethylene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
problems with their liver.
Contaminant (units): Dichloromethane (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 0
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing dichloromethane in
excess of the MCL over many years could have liver problems and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): 1,2-Dichloropropane (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 0
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloropropane
in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
Contaminant (units): Ethylbenzene (ppb)
211
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.7
MCL in CCR units: 700
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from petroleum refineries.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.060
MCL in CCR units: 60
Major sources in drinking water: Byproduct of drinking water disinfection.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.1
MCL in CCR units: 100
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from rubber and plastic factories; leaching
from landfills.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.005
MCL in CCR units: 5
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from factories and dry cleaners.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.07
MCL in CCR units: 70
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from textile-finishing factories.
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 700
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing ethylbenzene well in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or
kidneys.
Contaminant (units): Haloacetic acids (HAA5) (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: N/A
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing haloacetic acids in
excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Styrene (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 100
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing styrene well in excess
of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or
circulatory system.
Contaminant (units): Tetrachloroethylene (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 0
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing tetrachloroethylene in
excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, and
may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 70
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing 1,2,4-
212
trichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
changes in their adrenal glands.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.2
MCL in CCR units: 200
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other
factories.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.005
MCL in CCR units: 5
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.005
MCL in CCR units: 5
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other
factories.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.10/0.080
MCL in CCR units: 100/80
Major sources in drinking water: Byproduct of drinking water disinfection.
Contaminant (units): 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 200
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing 1,1,1-trichloroethane
in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver,
nervous system, or circulatory system.
Contaminant (units): 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 3
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing 1,1,2-trichloroethane
well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver,
kidneys, or immune systems.
Contaminant (units): Trichloroethylene (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 0
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing trichloroethylene in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver
and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): TTHMs (total trihalomethanes) (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: N/A
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing trihalomethanes in
excess of the MCL over many years may experience problems with their liver,
kidneys, or central nervous system, and may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
213
Contaminant (units): Toluene (ppm)
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 1
MCL in CCR units: 1
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from petroleum factories.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 0.002
MCL in CCR units: 2
Major sources in drinking water: Leaching from PVC piping; discharge from plastics
factories.
Traditional MCL in mg/
ℓ
: 10
MCL in CCR units: 10
Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from petroleum factories; discharge from
chemical factories.
Meaning
AL action
maximum contaminant level
MCLG
million fibers per liter
MRDL
maximum residual disinfectant level goal
mrem/year
not
applicable
NTU
picocuries per liter (a measure of radioactivity)
ppm
parts per billion, or micrograms per liter (
µ
g/
ℓ
)
ppt
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCLG: 1
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing toluene well in excess
of the MCL over many years could have problems with their nervous system,
kidneys, or liver.
Contaminant (units): Vinyl Chloride (ppb)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000
MCLG: 0
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing vinyl chloride in
excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Contaminant (units): Xylenes (ppm)
To convert for CCR, multiply by: --
MCLG: 10
Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing xylenes in excess of
the MCL over many years could experience damage to their nervous system.
Key.
Abbreviation
level
MCL
maximum contaminant level goal
MFL
maximum residual disinfectant level
MRDLG
millirems per year (a measure of radiation absorbed by the body)
N/A
nephelometric turbidity units(a measure of water clarity)
pCi/
ℓ
parts per million, or milligrams per liter (mg/
ℓ
)
ppb
parts per trillion, or nanograms per liter
214
ppq
parts per quadrillion, or picograms per liter
TT
BOARD NOTE: Derived from Appendix A to Subpart O to 40 CFR 141 (2002)
treatment
technique
(2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.Appendix G NPDWR Violations and Situations Requiring Public Notice
See note 1 at the end of this Appendix G for an explanation of the Agency’s authority to alter the
magnitude of a violation from that set forth in the following table.
MCL/MRDL/TT
Monitoring & testing
procedure violations
violations
2
Contaminant Tier
Citation Tier Citation
of
public
notice
required
of
public
notice
required
1. Total coliform
611.325(a)
611.521-
611.525
I. Violations of National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR):
3
A. Microbiological Contaminants
2
3
2. Fecal coliform/E. coli
611.325(b)
611.525
1
4
1, 3
3. Turbidity MCL
611.320(a)
611.560
2
3
4. Turbidity MCL (average of
two days’ samples greater than 5
NTU)
611.320(b)
611.560
5
2, 1
3
5. Turbidity (for TT violations
resulting from a single
exceedence of maximum
allowable turbidity level)
611.231(b),
611.233(b)(1),
611.250(a)(2),
611.250(b)(2),
611.250(c)(2),
611.250(d),
611.743(a)(2),
611.743(b),
611.955(b)(2)
611.531(a),
611.532(b),
611.533(a),
611.744,
611.956(a)(1)-
(a)(3),
611.956(b)
6
2, 1
3
215
6. Surface Water Treatment
Rule violations, other than
violations resulting from single
exceedence of max. allowable
turbidity level (TT)
611.211,
611.213,
611.220,
611.230-
611.233,
611.240-
611.242,
611.250
611.531-
611.533
2
3
7. Interim Enhanced Surface
Water Treatment Rule
violations, other than violations
resulting from single
exceedence of max. turbidity
level (TT)
7
611.740-
611.743,
611.950-
611.955
611.742,
611.744,
611.953,
611.954,
611.956
2
3
8. Filter Backwash Recycling
Rule violations
611.276 611.276
2
3
9. Long Term 1 Enhanced
Surface Water Treatment Rule
violations
611.950-
611.955
611.953,
611.954,
611.956
2
3
1. Antimony
611.301(b)
B. Inorganic Chemicals (IOCs)
2
3 611.600,
611.601,
611.603
2. Arsenic
9
611.601,
611.612(a),
611.612(b)
2
10
611.301(b)
3
3. Asbestos (fibers greater than
10 μm)
2 611.301(b)
3 611.600,
611.601,
611.602
4. Barium
2 611.301(b)
3 611.600,
611.601,
611.603
5. Beryllium
2 611.301(b)
3 611.600,
611.601,
611.603
6. Cadmium
2 611.301(b)
3 611.600,
611.601,
611.603
7. Chromium (total)
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.603
8. Cyanide
2 611.301(b)
3 611.600,
611.601,
611.603
216
9. Fluoride
2 611.301(b)
3 611.600,
611.601,
611.603
10. Mercury (inorganic)
2
611.301(b)
3
611.600,
611.601,
611.603
11. Nitrate
1
611.301(b)
10
1, 3
611.600,
611.601,
611.604,
611.606
12. Nitrite
1
611.301(b)
611.600,
611.601,
611.605,
611.606
10
1, 3
13. Total Nitrate and Nitrite
611.600,
611.601
1
611.301(b)
3
14. Selenium
611.600,
611.601,
611.603
2 611.301(b)
3
15. Thallium
2 611.301(b)
3 611.600,
611.601,
611.603
C. Lead and Copper Rule (Action Level for lead is 0.015 mg/
ℓ
, for copper is 1.3 mg/
ℓ
)
1. Lead and Copper Rule (TT)
2
611.350-
611.355
611.356-
611.359
3
D. Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs)
1. 2,4-D
2 611.310(c) 611.648
3
2. 2,4,5-TP (silvex)
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
3. Alachlor
611.310(c)
2
3 611.648
4. Atrazine
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
5. Benzo(a)pyrene (PAHs)
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
6. Carbofuran
611.310(c)
2
3 611.648
7. Chlordane
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
8. Dalapon
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
9. Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate 611.310(c)
2
3 611.648
10. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
2 611.310(c) 611.648
3
11. Dibromochloropropane
(DBCP)
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
12. Dinoseb
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
13. Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)
611.310(c)
2
3
611.648
14. Diquat
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
15. Endothall
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
217
16. Endrin
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
17. Ethylene dibromide
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
18. Glyphosate
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
19. Heptachlor
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
20. Heptachlor epoxide
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
21. Hexachlorobenzene
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
22. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
23. Lindane
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
24. Methoxychlor
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
25. Oxamyl (Vydate)
2
611.310(c)
3
611.648
26. Pentachlorophenol 2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
27. Picloram
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
28. Polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs)
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
29. Simazine
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
30. Toxaphene
2 611.310(c)
3 611.648
E. Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs)
1. Benzene
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
2. Carbon tetrachloride
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
3. Chlorobenzene
(monochlorobenzene)
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
4. o-Dichlorobenzene 2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
5. p-Dichlorobenzene 2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
6. 1,2-Dichloroethane 2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
7. 1,1-Dichloroethylene
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
8. cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
9. trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
10. Dichloromethane
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
11. 1,2-Dichloropropane
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
12. Ethylbenzene
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
13. Styrene
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
14. Tetrachloroethylene
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
15. Toluene
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
16. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
17. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
18. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
19. Trichloroethylene 2 611.310(a)
3 611.646
20. Vinyl chloride
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
21. Xylenes (total)
2
611.310(a)
3
611.646
F. Radioactive Contaminants
1. Beta/photon emitters
2
611.330(d)
3
611.720(a),
611.732
218
2. Alpha emitters
2
611.330(c)
3
611.720(a),
611.731
3. Combined radium (226 &
228)
2 611.330(b)
3 611.720(a),
611.731
4. Uranium
11
2 611.330(e)
12
3 611.720(a),
611.731
14
G. Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs), Byproduct Precursors, Disinfectant Residuals. Where
disinfection is used in the treatment of drinking water, disinfectants combine with organic and
inorganic matter present in water to form chemicals called disinfection byproducts (DBPs).
USEPA sets standards for controlling the levels of disinfectants and DBPs in drinking water,
including trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs).
13
1. Total trihalomethanes
(TTHMs)
2
611.310,
611.312(a)
3
611.680-
611.688,
611.382(a)-(b)
2. Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)
2
611.312(a)
3
611.382(a)-(b)
3. Bromate
2 611.312(a)
3 611.382(a)-(b)
4. Chlorite
2 611.312(a)
3 611.382(a)-(b)
5. Chlorine (MRDL)
2
611.313(a)
3
611.382(a), (c)
6. Chloramine (MRDL)
2
611.313(a)
3
611.382(a), (c)
7. Chlorine dioxide (MRDL),
where any two consecutive daily
samples at entrance to
distribution system only are
above MRDL
2 611.313(a),
611.383(c)(3)
2
15
, 3
611.382(a), (c),
611.383(c)(2)
8. Chlorine dioxide (MRDL),
where samples in distribution
system the next day are also
above MRDL
16
1
611.313(a),
611.383(c)(3)
1 611.382(a), (c),
611.383(c)(2)
9. Control of DBP precursors--
TOC (TT)
2 611.385(a)-(b)
3 611.382(a), (d)
10. Benchmarking and
disinfection profiling
N/A N/A
3
611.742,
611.953,
611.954
11. Development of monitoring
plan
N/A N/A
3
611.382(f)
H. Other Treatment Techniques
1. Acrylamide (TT)
2
611.296
N/A
N/A
2. Epichlorohydrin (TT)
2
611.296
N/A
N/A
II. Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring:
17
A. Unregulated contaminants
N/A
N/A
3
611.510
B. Nickel
N/A
N/A
3
611.603,
611.611
219
III. Public Notification for Relief Equivalent to a SDWA section 1415 Variance or a section
1416 Exemption.
A. Operation under relief
equivalent to a SDWA section
1415 variance or a section 1416
exemption
3
18
1415, 1416
N/A
N/A
B. Violation of conditions of
relief equivalent to a SDWA
section 1415 variance or a
section 1416 exemption
2 1415, 1416,
19
611.111,
611.112
N/A N/A
IV. Other Situations Requiring Public Notification.
A. Fluoride secondary
maximum contaminant level
(SMCL) exceedence
3 611.858
N/A
N/A
B. Exceedence of nitrate MCL
for a non-CWS supplier, as
allowed by the Agency
1 611.300(d)
N/A
N/A
C. Availability of unregulated
contaminant monitoring data
3 611.510
N/A
N/A
D. Waterborne disease outbreak
1
611.101,
611.233(b)(2)
N/A N/A
E. Other waterborne
emergency
20
1 N/A
N/A
N/A
F. Other situations as
determined by the Agency by a
SEP issued pursuant to Section
611.110
1, 2, 3
N/A
N/A
N/A
Appendix G--Endnotes
1. Violations and other situations not listed in this table (e.g., reporting violations and failure to
prepare Consumer Confidence Reports) do not require notice, unless otherwise determined by
the Agency by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110. The Agency may, by a SEP issued
pursuant to Section 611.110, further require a more stringent public notice tier (e.g., Tier 1
instead of Tier 2 or Tier 2 instead of Tier 3) for specific violations and situations listed in this
Appendix, as authorized under Sections 611.902(a) and 611.903(a).
2. Definition of the abbreviations used: “MCL” means maximum contaminant level, “MRDL”
means maximum residual disinfectant level, and “TT” means treatment technique.
3. The term “violations of National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR)” is used
here to include violations of MCL, MRDL, treatment technique, monitoring, and testing
procedure requirements.
220
4. Failure to test for fecal coliform or E. coli is a Tier 1 violation if testing is not done after any
repeat sample tests positive for coliform. All other total coliform monitoring and testing
procedure violations are Tier 3 violations.
5. A supplier that violates the turbidity MCL of 5 NTU based on an average of measurements
over two consecutive days must consult with the Agency within 24 hours after learning of the
violation. Based on this consultation, the Agency may subsequently decide to issue a SEP
pursuant to Section 611.110 that elevates the violation to a Tier 1 violation. If a supplier is
unable to make contact with the Agency in the 24-hour period, the violation is automatically
elevated to a Tier 1 violation.
6. A supplier with a treatment technique violation involving a single exceedence of a maximum
turbidity limit under the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), the Interim Enhanced Surface
Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR), or the Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
are required to consult with the Agency within 24 hours after learning of the violation. Based on
this consultation, the Agency may subsequently decide to issue a SEP pursuant to Section
611.110 that elevates the violation to a Tier 1 violation. If a supplier is unable to make contact
with the Agency in the 24-hour period, the violation is automatically elevated to a Tier 1
violation.
7. Most of the requirements of the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (63 Fed.
Reg. 69477 (December 16, 1998)) (Sections 611.740-611.741, 611.743-611.744) were effective
January 1, 2002 for a Subpart B supplier (surface water systems and groundwater systems under
the direct influence of surface water) that serves at least 10,000 persons. However, Section
611.742 is currently effective. The Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) remains in effect for
a supplier serving at least 10,000 persons even after 2002; the Interim Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule adds additional requirements and does not in many cases supercede the SWTR.
8. The arsenic MCL citations are effective January 23, 2006. Until then, the citations are
Sections 611.330(b) and 611.612(c).
9. The arsenic Tier 3 violation MCL citations are effective January 23, 2006. Until then, the
citations are Sections 611.100, 611.101, and 611.612.
10. Failure to take a confirmation sample within 24 hours for nitrate or nitrite after an initial
sample exceeds the MCL is a Tier 1 violation. Other monitoring violations for nitrate are Tier 3.
11. The uranium MCL Tier 2 violation citations are effective December 8, 2003 for a CWS
supplier.This endnote 11 corresponds with the endnote to the table in Appendix A to Subpart Q
of 40 CFR 141 (2003), which stated a past effective date. This statement maintains structural
consistency with the federal regulations.
12. The uranium Tier 3 violation citations were effective December 8, 2000 for a CWS
supplier.This endnote 12 corresponds with the endnote to the table in Appendix A to Subpart Q
of 40 CFR 141 (2003), which stated a past effective date. This statement maintains structural
221
consistency with the federal regulations.
13. A Subpart B community or non-transient non-community system supplier that serves 10,000
persons or more must comply with new DBP MCLs, disinfectant MRDLs, and related
monitoring requirements. All other community and non-transient non-community systems must
meet the MCLs and MRDLs beginning January 1, 2004. A Subpart B transient non-community
system supplier serving 10,000 or more persons that uses chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant or
oxidant must comply with the chlorine dioxide MRDL. A or a Subpart B transient non-
community system supplier that serves fewer than 10,000 persons, which uses only groundwater
not under the direct influence of surface water, and which uses chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant
or oxidant must comply with the chlorine dioxide MRDL beginning January 1, 2004.
14. Section 611.310 will no longer apply after January 1, 2004.This endnote 14 corresponds with
the endnote to the table in Appendix A to Subpart Q of 40 CFR 141 (2003), which stated a past
effective date. This statement maintains structural consistency with the federal regulations.
15. Failure to monitor for chlorine dioxide at the entrance to the distribution system the day after
exceeding the MRDL at the entrance to the distribution system is a Tier 2 violation.
16. If any daily sample taken at the entrance to the distribution system exceeds the MRDL for
chlorine dioxide and one or more samples taken in the distribution system the next day exceed
the MRDL, Tier 1 notification is required. A failure to take the required samples in the
distribution system after the MRDL is exceeded at the entry point also triggers Tier 1
notification.
17. Some water suppliers must monitor for certain unregulated contaminants listed in Section
611.510.
18. This citation refers to sections 1415 and 1416 of the federal Safe Drinking Water Act.
sections 1415 and 1416 require that “a schedule prescribed . . . for a public water system granted
relief equivalent to a SDWA section 1415 variance or a section 1416 exemption must require
compliance by the system . . ..”
19. In addition to sections 1415 and 1416 of the federal Safe Drinking Water Act, 40 CFR
142.307 specifies the items and schedule milestones that must be included in relief equivalent to
a SDWA section 1415 small system variance. In granting any form of relief from an NPDWR,
the Board will consider all applicable federal requirements for and limitations on the State’s
ability to grant relief consistent with federal law.
20. Other waterborne emergencies require a Tier 1 public notice under Section 611.902(a) for
situations that do not meet the definition of a waterborne disease outbreak given in Section
611.101, but which still have the potential to have serious adverse effects on health as a result of
short-term exposure. These could include outbreaks not related to treatment deficiencies, as well
as situations that have the potential to cause outbreaks, such as failures or significant interruption
in water treatment processes, natural disasters that disrupt the water supply or distribution
system, chemical spills, or unexpected loading of possible pathogens into the source water.
222
BOARD NOTE: Derived from Appendix A to Subpart Q to 40 CFR 141 (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
Section 611.Appendix H Standard Health Effects Language for Public Notification
Contaminant MCLG
1
mg/
ℓ
MCL
2
mg/
ℓ
Standard health effects language
for public notification
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR):
A. Microbiological Contaminants
1a. Total coliform
Zero
See footnote
3
Coliforms are bacteria that are
naturally present in the
environment and are used as an
indicator that other, potentially-
harmful, bacteria may be present.
Coliforms were found in more
samples than allowed and this was
a warning of potential problems.
1b. Fecal coliform/E. coli
Zero
Zero
Fecal coliforms and E. coli are
bacteria whose presence indicates
that the water may be contaminated
with human or animal wastes.
Microbes in these wastes can cause
short-term effects, such as diarrhea,
cramps, nausea, headaches, or other
symptoms. They may pose a
special health risk for infants,
young children, some of the
elderly, and people with severely
compromised immune systems.
2a. Turbidity (MCL)
4
None 1 NTU
5
/
5 NTU
Turbidity has no health effects.
However, turbidity can interfere
with disinfection and provide a
medium for microbial growth.
Turbidity may indicate the
presence of disease-causing
organisms. These organisms
include bacteria, viruses, and
parasites that can cause symptoms
such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea,
and associated headaches.
223
2b. Turbidity (SWTR TT)
None
TT
7
Turbidity has no health effects.
However,
6
turbidity can interfere
with disinfection and provide a
medium for microbial growth.
Turbidity may indicate the
presence of disease-causing
organisms. These organisms
include bacteria, viruses, and
parasites that can cause symptoms
such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea,
and associated headaches.
2c. Turbidity (IESWTR TT
and LT1ESWTR TT)
None
TT
Turbidity has no health effects.
However,
8
turbidity can interfere
with disinfection and provide a
medium for microbial growth.
Turbidity may indicate the
presence of disease-causing
organisms. These organisms
include bacteria, viruses, and
parasites that can cause symptoms
such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea,
and associated headaches.
B. Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
(IESWTR), Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT1ESWTR), and Filter
Backwash Recycling Rule (FBRR) violations:
3. Giardia lamblia
(SWTR/IESWTR/
LT1ESWTR)
Zero TT
10
Inadequately treated water may
contain disease-causing organisms.
These organisms include bacteria,
viruses, and parasites that can
cause symptoms such as nausea,
cramps, diarrhea, and associated
headaches.
4. Viruses
(SWTR/IESWTR/
LT1ESWTR)
Inadequately treated water may
contain disease-causing organisms.
These organisms include bacteria,
viruses, and parasites that can
cause symptoms such as nausea,
cramps, diarrhea, and associated
headaches.
224
5. Heterotrophic plate count
(HPC) bacteria
9
(SWTR/IESWTR/
LT1ESWTR)
Inadequately treated water may
contain disease-causing organisms.
These organisms include bacteria,
viruses, and parasites that can
cause symptoms such as nausea,
cramps, diarrhea, and associated
headaches.
6. Legionella
(SWTR/IESWTR/
LT1ESWTR)
Inadequately treated water may
contain disease-causing organisms.
These organisms include bacteria,
viruses, and parasites that can
cause symptoms such as nausea,
cramps, diarrhea, and associated
headaches.
7. Cryptosporidium
(IESWTR/FBRR/
LT1ESWTR)
Inadequately treated water may
contain disease-causing organisms.
These organisms include bacteria,
viruses, and parasites that can
cause symptoms such as nausea,
cramps, diarrhea, and associated
headaches.
C. Inorganic Chemicals (IOCs)
8. Antimony
0.006
0.006
Some people who drink water
containing antimony well in excess
of the MCL over many years could
experience increases in blood
cholesterol and decreases in blood
sugar.
9. Arsenic
11
0
0.01
0.010
Some people who drink water
containing arsenic in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience skin damage or
problems with their circulatory
system, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
10. Asbestos (10 μm)
7 MFL
12
7 MFL
Some people who drink water
containing asbestos in excess of the
MCL over many years may have an
increased risk of developing benign
intestinal polyps.
11. Barium
2
2
Some people who drink water
containing barium in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience an increase in their
blood pressure.
225
12. Beryllium
0.004
0.004
Some people who drink water
containing beryllium well in excess
of the MCL over many years could
develop intestinal lesions.
13. Cadmium
0.005
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing cadmium in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience kidney damage.
14. Chromium (total)
0.1
0.1
Some people who use water
containing chromium well in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience allergic
dermatitis.
15. Cyanide
0.2
0.2
Some people who drink water
containing cyanide well in excess
of the MCL over many years could
experience nerve damage or
problems with their thyroid.
16. Fluoride
4.0
4.0
Some people who drink water
containing fluoride in excess of the
MCL over many years could get
bone disease, including pain and
tenderness of the bones. Fluoride in
drinking water at half the MCL or
more may cause mottling of
children’s teeth, usually in children
less than nine years old. Mottling,
also known as dental fluorosis, may
include brown staining or pitting of
the teeth, and occurs only in
developing teeth before they erupt
from the gums.
17. Mercury (inorganic)
0.002
0.002
Some people who drink water
containing inorganic mercury well
in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience kidney
damage.
18. Nitrate
10
10
Infants below the age of six months
who drink water containing nitrate
in excess of the MCL could
become seriously ill and, if
untreated, may die. Symptoms
include shortness of breath and
blue baby syndrome.
226
19. Nitrite
1
1
Infants below the age of six months
who drink water containing nitrite
in excess of the MCL could
become seriously ill and, if
untreated, may die. Symptoms
include shortness of breath and
blue baby syndrome.
20. Total Nitrate and Nitrite
10
10
Infants below the age of six months
who drink water containing nitrate
and nitrite in excess of the MCL
could become seriously ill and, if
untreated, may die. Symptoms
include shortness of breath and
blue baby syndrome.
21. Selenium
0.05
0.05
Selenium is an essential nutrient.
However, some people who drink
water containing selenium in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience hair or
fingernail losses, numbness in
fingers or toes, or problems with
their circulation.
22. Thallium
0.0005
0.002
Some people who drink water
containing thallium in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience hair loss, changes in
their blood, or problems with their
kidneys, intestines, or liver.
D. Lead and Copper Rule
23. Lead
Zero
TT
13
Infants and children who drink
water containing lead in excess of
the action level could experience
delays in their physical or mental
development. Children could show
slight deficits in attention span and
learning abilities. Adults who drink
this water over many years could
develop kidney problems or high
blood pressure.
227
24. Copper
1.3
TT
14
Copper is an essential nutrient, but
some people who drink water
containing copper in excess of the
action level over a relatively short
amount of time could experience
gastrointestinal distress. Some
people who drink water containing
copper in excess of the action level
over many years could suffer liver
or kidney damage. People with
Wilson’s Disease should consult
their personal doctor.
E. Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs)
25. 2,4-D
0.07
0.07
Some people who drink water
containing the weed killer 2,4-D
well in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience
problems with their kidneys, liver,
or adrenal glands.
26. 2,4,5-TP (silvex)
0.05
0.05
Some people who drink water
containing silvex in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience liver problems.
27. Alachlor
Zero
0.002
Some people who drink water
containing alachlor in excess of the
MCL over many years could have
problems with their eyes, liver,
kidneys, or spleen, or experience
anemia, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
28. Atrazine
0.003
0.003
Some people who drink water
containing atrazine well in excess
of the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
cardiovascular system or
reproductive difficulties.
29. Benzo(a)pyrene
(PAHs).
Zero
0.0002
Some people who drink water
containing benzo(a)pyrene in
excess of the MCL over many
years may experience reproductive
difficulties and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
228
30. Carbofuran
0.04
0.04
Some people who drink water
containing carbofuran in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
blood, or nervous or reproductive
systems.
31. Chlordane
Zero
0.002
Some people who drink water
containing chlordane in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
liver or nervous system, and may
have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
32. Dalapon
0.2
0.2
Some people who drink water
containing dalapon well in excess
of the MCL over many years could
experience minor kidney changes.
33. Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
0.4
0.4
Some people who drink water
containing di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
well in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience toxic
effects, such as weight loss, liver
enlargement, or possible
reproductive difficulties.
34. Di(2-ethylhexyl)-
phthalate
Zero
0.006
Some people who drink water
containing di(2-
ethylhexyl)phthalate well in excess
of the MCL over many years may
have problems with their liver or
experience reproductive
difficulties, and they may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
35. Dibromochloropropane
(DBCP)
Zero
0.0002
Some people who drink water
containing DBCP in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience reproductive difficulties
and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
36. Dinoseb
0.007
0.007
Some people who drink water
containing dinoseb well in excess
of the MCL over many years could
experience reproductive
difficulties.
229
37. Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)
Zero
3 x 10
-8
Some people who drink water
containing dioxin in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience reproductive difficulties
and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
38. Diquat
0.02
0.02
Some people who drink water
containing diquat in excess of the
MCL over many years could get
cataracts.
39. Endothall
0.1
0.1
Some people who drink water
containing endothall in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
stomach or intestines.
40. Endrin
0.002
0.002
Some people who drink water
containing endrin in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience liver problems.
41. Ethylene dibromide
Zero
0.00005
Some people who drink water
containing ethylene dibromide in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their liver, stomach,
reproductive system, or kidneys,
and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
42. Glyphosate
0.7
0.7
Some people who drink water
containing glyphosate in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
kidneys or reproductive difficulties.
43. Heptachlor
Zero
0.0004
Some people who drink water
containing heptachlor in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience liver damage and may
have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
44. Heptachlor epoxide
Zero
0.0002
Some people who drink water
containing heptachlor epoxide in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience liver
damage, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
230
45. Hexachlorobenzene
Zero
0.001
Some people who drink water
containing hexachlorobenzene in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their liver or kidneys, or
adverse reproductive effects, and
may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
46. Hexachlorocyclopenta-
diene
0.05
0.05
Some people who drink water
containing
hexachlorocyclopentadiene well in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their kidneys or stomach.
47. Lindane
0.0002
0.0002
Some people who drink water
containing lindane in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
kidneys or liver.
48. Methoxychlor
0.04
0.04
Some people who drink water
containing methoxychlor in excess
of the MCL over many years could
experience reproductive
difficulties.
49. Oxamyl (Vydate)
0.2
0.2
Some people who drink water
containing oxamyl in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience slight nervous system
effects.
50. Pentachlorophenol
Zero
0.001
Some people who drink water
containing pentachlorophenol in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their liver or kidneys, and may
have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
51. Picloram
0.5
0.5
Some people who drink water
containing picloram in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
liver.
231
52. Polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs)
Zero
0.0005
Some people who drink water
containing PCBs in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience changes in their skin,
problems with their thymus gland,
immune deficiencies, or
reproductive or nervous system
difficulties, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
53. Simazine
0.004
0.004
Some people who drink water
containing simazine in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
blood.
54. Toxaphene
Zero
0.003
Some people who drink water
containing toxaphene in excess of
the MCL over many years could
have problems with their kidneys,
liver, or thyroid, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
F. Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs)
55. Benzene
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing benzene in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience anemia or a decrease in
blood platelets, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
56. Carbon tetrachloride
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing carbon tetrachloride in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their liver and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
57. Chlorobenzene
(monochlorobenzene)
0.1
0.1
Some people who drink water
containing chlorobenzene in excess
of the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
liver or kidneys.
58. o-Dichlorobenzene
0.6
0.6
Some people who drink water
containing o-dichlorobenzene well
in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their liver, kidneys, or
circulatory systems.
232
59. p-Dichlorobenzene
0.075
Some people who drink water
containing p-dichlorobenzene in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience anemia,
damage to their liver, kidneys, or
spleen, or changes in their blood.
0.075
60. 1,2-Dichloroethane
0.005
Zero
Some people who drink water
containing 1,2-dichloroethane in
excess of the MCL over many
years may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
61. 1,1-Dichloroethylene
0.007
0.007
Some people who drink water
containing 1,1-dichloroethylene in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their liver.
62. cis-1,2-
Dichloroethylene
0.07
0.07
Some people who drink water
containing cis-1,2-dichloroethylene
in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their liver.
63. trans-1,2-
Dichloroethylene
0.1
0.1
Some people who drink water
containing trans-1,2-
dichloroethylene well in excess of
the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their
liver.
64. Dichloromethane
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing dichloromethane in
excess of the MCL over many
years could have liver problems
and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
65. 1,2-Dichloropropane
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing 1,2-dichloropropane in
excess of the MCL over many
years may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
66. Ethylbenzene
0.7
0.7
Some people who drink water
containing ethylbenzene well in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their liver or kidneys.
233
67. Styrene
0.1
0.1
Some people who drink water
containing styrene well in excess of
the MCL over many years could
have problems with their liver,
kidneys, or circulatory system.
68. Tetrachloroethylene
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing tetrachloroethylene in
excess of the MCL over many
years could have problems with
their liver, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
69. Toluene
1
1
Some people who drink water
containing toluene well in excess of
the MCL over many years could
have problems with their nervous
system, kidneys, or liver.
70. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
0.07
0.07
Some people who drink water
containing 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
well in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience
changes in their adrenal glands.
71. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
0.2
0.2
Some people who drink water
containing 1,1,1-trichloroethane in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their liver, nervous system, or
circulatory system.
72. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
0.003
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing 1,1,2-trichloroethane
well in excess of the MCL over
many years could have problems
with their liver, kidneys, or
immune systems.
73. Trichloroethylene
Zero
0.005
Some people who drink water
containing trichloroethylene in
excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems
with their liver and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
74. Vinyl chloride
Zero
0.002
Some people who drink water
containing vinyl chloride in excess
of the MCL over many years may
have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
234
75. Xylenes (total)
10
10
Some people who drink water
containing xylenes in excess of the
MCL over many years could
experience damage to their nervous
system.
G. Radioactive Contaminants
76. Beta/photon emitters
Zero
4 mrem/yr
15
Certain minerals are radioactive
and may emit forms of radiation
known as photons and beta
radiation. Some people who drink
water containing beta and photon
emitters in excess of the MCL over
many years may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
77. Alpha emitters
Zero
15 pCi/
ℓ
16
Certain minerals are radioactive
and may emit a form of radiation
known as alpha radiation. Some
people who drink water containing
alpha emitters in excess of the
MCL over many years may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
78. Combined radium (226
& 228)
Zero 5 pCi/
ℓ
Some people who drink water
containing radium 226 or 228 in
excess of the MCL over many
years may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
79. Uranium
17
Zero
30
µ
g/
ℓ
Some people who drink water
containing uranium in excess of the
MCL over many years may have an
increased risk of getting cancer and
kidney toxicity.
H. Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs), Byproduct Precursors, and Disinfectant Residuals: Where
disinfection is used in the treatment of drinking water, disinfectants combine with organic and
inorganic matter present in water to form chemicals called disinfection byproducts (DBPs).
USEPA sets standards for controlling the levels of disinfectants and DBPs in drinking water,
including trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAA5)
18
80. Total trihalomethanes
(TTHMs)
N/A
0.10/
0.080
19 20
Some people who drink water
containing trihalomethanes in
excess of the MCL over many
years may experience problems
with their liver, kidneys, or central
nervous system, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
235
81. Haloacetic Acids
(HAA5)
N/A 0.060
21
Some people who drink water
containing haloacetic acids in
excess of the MCL over many
years may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
82. Bromate
Zero
0.010
Some people who drink water
containing bromate in excess of the
MCL over many years may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
83. Chlorite
0.08
1.0
Some infants and young children
who drink water containing chlorite
in excess of the MCL could
experience nervous system effects.
Similar effects may occur in fetuses
of pregnant women who drink
water containing chlorite in excess
of the MCL. Some people may
experience anemia.
84. Chlorine
4
(MRDLG)
22
4.0
(MRDL)
23
Some people who use water
containing chlorine well in excess
of the MRDL could experience
irritating effects to their eyes and
nose. Some people who drink water
containing chlorine well in excess
of the MRDL could experience
stomach discomfort.
85. Chloramines
4 (MRDLG)
4.0 (MRDL)
Some people who use water
containing chloramines well in
excess of the MRDL could
experience irritating effects to their
eyes and nose. Some people who
drink water containing chloramines
well in excess of the MRDL could
experience stomach discomfort or
anemia.
85a. Chlorine dioxide,
where any two consecutive
daily samples taken at the
entrance to the distribution
system are above the
MRDL
0.8
(MRDLG)
0.8 (MRDL)
Some infants and young children
who drink water containing
chlorine dioxide in excess of the
MRDL could experience nervous
system effects. Similar effects may
occur in fetuses of pregnant women
who drink water containing
chlorine dioxide in excess of the
MRDL. Some people may
experience anemia.
236
Add for public notification only:
The chlorine dioxide violations
reported today are the result of
exceedences at the treatment
facility only, not within the
distribution system that delivers
water to consumers. Continued
compliance with chlorine dioxide
levels within the distribution
system minimizes the potential risk
of these violations to consumers.
86a. Chlorine dioxide,
where one or more
distribution system samples
are above the MRDL
0.8
(MRDLG)
0.8 (MRDL)
Some infants and young children
who drink water containing
chlorine dioxide in excess of the
MRDL could experience nervous
system effects. Similar effects may
occur in fetuses of pregnant women
who drink water containing
chlorine dioxide in excess of the
MRDL. Some people may
experience anemia.
Add for public notification only:
The chlorine dioxide violations
reported today include exceedences
of the USEPA standard within the
distribution system that delivers
water to consumers. Violations of
the chlorine dioxide standard
within the distribution system may
harm human health based on short-
term exposures. Certain groups,
including fetuses, infants, and
young children, may be especially
susceptible to nervous system
effects from excessive chlorine
dioxide exposure.
237
87. Control of DBP
precursors (TOC)
None
TT
Total organic carbon (TOC) has no
health effects. However, total
organic carbon provides a medium
for the formation of disinfection
byproducts. These byproducts
include trihalomethanes (THMs)
and haloacetic acids (HAAs).
Drinking water containing these
byproducts in excess of the MCL
may lead to adverse health effects,
liver or kidney problems, or
nervous system effects, and may
lead to an increased risk of getting
cancer.
I. Other Treatment Techniques:
88. Acrylamide
Zero
TT
Some people who drink water
containing high levels of
acrylamide over a long period of
time could have problems with
their nervous system or blood, and
may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
89. Epichlorohydrin
Zero
TT
Some people who drink water
containing high levels of
epichlorohydrin over a long period
of time could experience stomach
problems, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
Appendix H--Endnotes
1. “MCLG” means maximum contaminant level goal.
2. “MCL” means maximum contaminant level.
3. For a water supplier analyzing at least 40 samples per month, no more than 5.0 percent of the
monthly samples may be positive for total coliforms. For a supplier analyzing fewer than 40
samples per month, no more than one sample per month may be positive for total coliforms.
4. There are various regulations that set turbidity standards for different types of systems,
including Section 611.320, the 1989 Surface Water Treatment Rule, the 1998 Interim Enhanced
Surface Water Treatment Rule, and the 2002 Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment
Rule. The MCL for the monthly turbidity average is 1 NTU; the MCL for the 2-day average is 5
NTU for a supplier that is required to filter but has not yet installed filtration (Section 611.320).
5. “NTU” means nephelometric turbidity unit.
238
6. There are various regulations that set turbidity standards for different types of systems,
including Section 611.320, the 1989 Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), the 1998 Interim
Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR), and the 2002 Long Term 1 Enhanced
Surface Water Treatment Rule. A supplier subject to the Surface Water Treatment Rule (both
filtered and unfiltered) may not exceed 5 NTU. In addition, in filtered systems, 95 percent of
samples each month must not exceed 0.5 NTU in systems using conventional or direct filtration
and must not exceed 1 NTU in systems using slow sand or diatomaceous earth filtration or other
filtration technologies approved by the Agency.
7. “TT” means treatment technique.
8. There are various regulations that set turbidity standards for different types of systems,
including Section 611.320, the 1989 Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), the 1998 Interim
Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR), and the 2002 Long Term 1 Enhanced
Surface Water Treatment Rule. For a supplier subject to the IESWTR (systems serving at least
10,000 people, using surface water or groundwater under the direct influence of surface water),
that use conventional filtration or direct filtration, the turbidity level of a system’s combined
filter effluent may not exceed 0.3 NTU in at least 95 percent of monthly measurements, and the
turbidity level of a system’s combined filter effluent must not exceed 1 NTU at any time. A
supplier subject to the IESWTR using technologies other than conventional, direct, slow sand, or
diatomaceous earth filtration must meet turbidity limits set by the Agency. For a supplier subject
to the LT1ESWTR (a supplier that serves fewer than 10,000 people, using surface water or
groundwater under the direct influence of surface water) that uses conventional filtration or
direct filtration, after January 1, 2005, the turbidity level of the supplier’s combined filter
effluent may not exceed 0.3 NTU in at least 95 percent of monthly measurements, and the
turbidity level of the supplier’s combined filter effluent must not exceed 1 NTU at any time. A
supplier subject to the LT1ESWTR using technologies other than conventional, direct, slow
sand, or diatomaceous earth filtration must meet turbidity limits set by the Agency.
9. The bacteria detected by heterotrophic plate count (HPC) are not necessarily harmful. HPC is
simply an alternative method of determining disinfectant residual levels. The number of such
bacteria is an indicator of whether there is enough disinfectant in the distribution system.
10. SWTR, IESWTR, and LT1ESWTR treatment technique violations that involve turbidity
exceedences may use the health effects language for turbidity instead.
11. These arsenic values are effective January 23, 2006. Until then, the MCL is 0.05 mg/
ℓ
and
there is no MCLG.
12. Millions of fibers per liter.
13. Action Level = 0.015 mg/
ℓ
.
14. Action Level = 1.3 mg/
ℓ
.
239
15. Millirems per year.
16. Picocuries per liter.
17. The uranium MCL is effective December 8, 2003 for all community water systems.This
endnote 17 corresponds with the endnote to the table in Appendix B to Subpart Q of 40 CFR 141
(2003), which stated a past effective date. This statement maintains structural consistency with
the federal regulations.
18. A surface water system supplier or a groundwater system supplier under the direct influence
of surface water is regulated under Subpart B of this Part. A Supbart B community water system
supplier or a non-transient non-community system supplier that serves 10,000 or more persons
must comply with DBP MCLs and disinfectant maximum residual disinfectant levels (MRDLs).
All other community and non-transient non-community system suppliers must meet the MCLs
and MRDLs beginning January 1, 2004. Subpart B transient non-community system suppliers
serving 10,000 or more persons and using chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant or oxidant must
comply with the chlorine dioxide MRDL. Subpart B transient non-community system suppliers
serving fewer than 10,000 persons and systems using only groundwater not under the direct
influence of surface water and using chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant or oxidant must comply
with the chlorine dioxide MRDL beginning January 1, 2004.
19. The MCL of 0.10 mg/
ℓ
for TTHMs was in effect until January 1, 2002 for a Subpart B
community water system supplier serving 10,000 or more persons. This MCL is in effect until
January 1, 2004 for community water systems with a population of 10,000 or more using only
groundwater not under the direct influence of surface water. After these deadlines, the MCL will
be 0.080 mg/
ℓ
. On January 1, 2004, a supplier serving fewer than 10,000 will have to comply
with the new MCL as well.This endnote 19 corresponds with the endnote to the table in
Appendix B to Subpart Q of 40 CFR 141 (2003), which expired by its own terms on January 1,
2004. This statement maintains structural consistency with the federal regulations.
20. The MCL for total trihalomethanes is the sum of the concentrations of the individual
trihalomethanes.
21. The MCL for haloacetic acids is the sum of the concentrations of the individual haloacetic
acids.
22. “MRDLG” means maximum residual disinfectant level goal.
23. “MRDL” means maximum residual disinfectant level.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from Appendix B to Subpart Q to 40 CFR 141 (2002) (2003).
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
240
Section 611.Table Z Federal Effective Dates
The following are the effective dates of the various federal MCLs NPDWRs:
Fluoride (40 CFR 141.60(b)(1))
October 2, 1987
(corresponding with Section 611.301(b))
Phase I VOCs (40 CFR 141.60(a)(1))
July 9, 1989
(corresponding with Section 611.311(a))
(benzene, carbon tetrachloride, p-dichlorobenzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloro-
ethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride)
Lead and Copper (40 CFR, Subpart I)
July 7, 1991
(corresponding with Subpart G of this Part)
(lead and copper monitoring, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements of 40 CFR
141.86 through 141.91)
Phase II IOCs (40 CFR 141.60(b)(2))
July 30, 1992
(corresponding with Section 611.301(b))
(asbestos, cadmium, chromium, mercury, nitrate, nitrite, and selenium)
Phase II VOCs (40 CFR 141.60(a)(2))
July 30, 1992
(corresponding with Section 611.311(a))
(o-dichlorobenzene, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, 1,2-di-
chloropropane, ethylbenzene, monochlorobenzene, styrene, tetrachloroethylene,
toluene, and xylenes (total))
Phase II SOCs (40 CFR 141.60(a)(2))
July 30, 1992
(corresponding with Section 611.311(c))
(alachlor, atrazine, carbofuran, chlordane, dibromochloropropane, ethylene di-
bromide, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, lindane, methoxychlor, polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, toxaphene, 2,4-D, and 2,4,5-TP (silvex))
Lead and Copper (40 CFR, Subpart I)
December 7, 1992
(corresponding with Subpart G of this Part)
(lead and copper corrosion control, water treatment, public education, and lead
service line replacement requirements of 40 CFR 141.81 through 141.85)
Phase IIB IOC (40 CFR 141.60(b)(2))
January 1, 1993
(corresponding with Section 611.301(b))
(barium)
Phase IIB SOCs (40 CFR 141.60(a)(2))
January 1, 1993
(corresponding with Section 611.311(c))
(aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, aldicarb sulfoxide, and pentachlorophenol. See the
Board note appended to Section 611.311(c) for information relating to
241
implementation of requirements relating to aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, and
aldicarb sulfoxide.)
Phase V IOCs (40 CFR 141.60(b)(3))
January 17, 1994
(corresponding with Section 611.301(b))
(antimony, beryllium, cyanide, nickel, and thallium)
Phase V VOCs (40 CFR 141.60(a)(3))
January 17, 1994
(corresponding with Section 611.311(a))
(dichloromethane, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and 1,1,2-trichloroethane)
Phase V SOCs (40 CFR 141.60(a)(3))
January 17, 1994
(corresponding with Section 611.311(c))
(benzo(a)pyrene, dalapon, di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
dinoseb, diquat, endothall, endrin, glyphosate, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclo-
pentadiene, oxamyl, picloram, simazine, and 2,3,7,8-TCDD)
Consumer Confidence Report Rule (40 CFR 141, Subpart Q) September 18, 1998
(corresponding with Subpart O)
(notification to public of drinking water quality)
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (40 CFR 141, Subpart P)
February 16, 1999
(corresponding with Subpart R)
(applicable to suppliers providing water to fewer than 10,000 persons)
(Giardia lamblia, viruses, heterotrophic plate count bacteria, Legionella,
Cryptosporidium, and turbidity)
Public Notification Rule (40 CFR 141, Subpart Q)
June 5, 2000
(corresponding with Subpart V)
(notification to public of NPDWR violations, variances or exemptions, or other
situations that could bear on public health)
Filter Backwash Rule (40 CFR 141.76)
August 7, 2001
(corresponding with Section 611.276)
(reuse of spent filter backwash water, thickener supernatant, or liquids from
dewatering processes)
Disinfection/disinfectant byproducts (40 CFR 141.64 & 141.65)
Disinfection/Disinfectant Byproducts Rule (40 CFR 141.64, 141.65 & 141, Subpart L)
Smaller Systems (serving 10,000 or fewer persons)
December 16, 2001
Larger Systems (serving more than 10,000 persons)
December 16, 2003
(corresponding with Section 611.312 & 611.313)
(total trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids (five), bromate, chlorite, chlorine,
chloramines, and chlorine dioxide)
242
Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (40 CFR 141, Subpart T)
February 13, 2002
(corresponding with Subpart X)
(applicable to suppliers providing water to 10,000 or more persons)
(Giardia lamblia, viruses, heterotrophic plate count bacteria, Legionella,
Cryptosporidium, and turbidity)
Radionuclides (40 CFR 141.66)
December 8, 2003
(corresponding with Section 611.330)
(combined radium (Ra-226 + Ra-228), gross alpha particle activity, beta particle and
photon activity, and uranium)
Arsenic (40 CFR 141.62(b)(16))
January 23, 2006
(corresponding with Section 611.301(b))
(arsenic)
(Source: Amended at 28 Ill. Reg. ________, effective ______________________)
IT IS SO ORDERED.
I, Dorothy M. Gunn, Clerk of the Illinois Pollution Control Board, certify that the Board
adopted the above order on March 4, 2004, by a vote of 5-0.
Dorothy M. Gunn, Clerk
Illinois Pollution Control Board
