ILLINOIS POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
July 14,
1993
IN THE
MATTER
OF:
P.93—I
SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT
)
(Identical
in Substance Rules)
UPDATE,
PHASE V RULES
(7/1/92
—
12/31/92)
Adopted Rule.
Final Order.
ORDER OF THE BOARD
(by J. Anderson):
Pursuant to Sections 17.5 of the Environmental Protection
Act
(Act)
,
the Board is amending the Safe Drinking Water Act
(SDWA)
regulations.
Section
17.5 provides for quick adoption of regulations that
are “identical
in substance”
to federal regulations and that
Title VII
of the Act and Section
5 of the Administrative
Procedure Act
(APA)
shall not apply.
Because this rulemaking
is
not subject to Section
5 of the APA,
it
is not subject to first
notice or to second notice review by the Joint Committee on
Administrative Rules
(JCAR).
The federal SDWA regulations are
found at
40 CFR 141 and
142.
This rulemak~Lngupdates SDWA rules
to
correspond with major federal amendments more
fully outlined
in
the accompanying opinion.
This order
is supported by an opinion adopted
on the same
day.
The complete text of the rules follows.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
I,
Dorothy M.
Gunn,
Clerk of the Illinois Pollution Control
Board,
do hereby certify that the above order was adopted by the
Board on the
____________
day of
______________
,
1992,
by
a vote
of
________
/‘~
~
Dorothy M. ~Unn,
Clerk
Illinois Pollution Control Board
2
TITLE 35: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
SUBTITLE F: PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES
CHAPTER I: POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
PART 604
FINISHED WATER AND RAW WATER QUALITY AND QUANTITY (REPEALED)
SUBPART A: BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY
Section
604.101 Standard Sample
604.102 Total Coliform Limits
604.103 Total Coliform Check-Samples
604.104 Bacterial Plate Count Sample
604.105 Bacterial Plate Count Limits
SUBPART B: CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL QUALITY
Section
604.201 Finished Water Quality (Repealed)
604.202 Contaminants and Maximum Allowable Concentrations
(Repealed)
604.203 Exceptions to Maximum Allowable Concentrations
(Repealed)
604.204 Action Pursuant to Exceedance of Maximum Allowable
Concentration (Repealed)
SUBPART C: RADIOLOGICAL QUALITY
Section
604.301 Radium-226, -228, and Gross Alpha Particle Activity
(Repealed)
604.302 Man-Made Radioactivity (Repealed)
604.303 Determining Maximum Allowable Concentrations
(Repealed)
SUBPART D: CHLORINATION AND FLUORIDATION
Section
604.401 Chlorination Requirement
604.402 Chlorination Exemption Requirements (Repealed)
604.403 Conditions for Obtaining a Written Chlorination
Exemption (Repealed)
604.404 Loss of Chlorination Exemption (Repealed)
604.405 Fluoridation Requirement (Repealed)
SUBPART E: RAW WATER
Section
604.501 Raw Water Quality (Repealed)
604.502 Raw Water Quantity (Repealed)
APPENDIX A References to Former Rules
AUTHORITY: Implementing Section 17 and authorized by Section
27
of the Environmental Protection Act (Ill. Rev. Stat., 1987,
3
ch.
111 1/2, pars. 1017 and 1027).
SOURCE: Filed with Secretary of State January 1, 1978;
amended
at 2 Ill. Reg. 36, p. 72, effective August 29, 1978; amended
at 3
Ill. Reg. 13, p. 236, effective March 30, 1979; amended and
codified at 6 Ill. Reg. 11497, effective September 14, 1982;
amended at 6 Ill. Reg. 14344, effective November 3, 1982;
amended
in R84-12 at 14 Ill. Reg. 689, effective January 2, 1990;
amended
in R88-26 at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September 20,
1990Repealed in R93-1 at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
.
SUBPART A: BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY
Section 604.101 Standard Sample
This Section applies until the effective date for the
filtration and disinfection requirements of 35 Ill. Adm. Code
611.Subpart B as applicable to each supply.
a) For the membrane filter technique, not less than 100
milliliters.
b) For the fermentation tube method, five standard
portions of either ten milliliters or 100
milliliters.
(Source: Amended at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
20, 1990)
Section 604.102 Total Coliform Limits
This Section applies until the effective date for the
filtration and disinfection requirements of 35 Ill. Adm. Code
611, Subpart B as applicable to each supply. The number of
organisms of the coliform group present in potable water, as
indicated by representative samples examined, shall not exceed
the following limits:
a) When the membrane filter technique is used,
arithmetic mean coliform density of all standard
samples examined per month shall not exceed one per
100 milliliters. Coliform colonies per standard
sample shall not exceed four per 100 milliliters in:
1) more than one standard sample when less than
4
twenty are examined per month; or
2) more than five percent of the standard samples
when twenty or more are examined per month.
b) When ten-milliliter standard portions are examined
by the fermentation tube method, not more than ten
percent in any month shall show the presence of the
coliform group. The presence of the coliform group
in three or more ten-milliliter portions of a
standard sample shall not be allowable if this
occurs in:
1) more than one sample per month when less than
twenty are examined per month; or
2) more than five percent of the samples when
twenty or more are examined per month.
c) When 100-milliliter standard portions are examined
by the fermentation tube method, not more than sixty
percent in any month shall show the presence of the
coliform group. The presence of the coliform group
in five of the 100-milliliter portions of a standard
sample shall not be allowable if this occurs in:
1) more than one sample per month when less than
five are examined per month; or
2) more than twenty percent of the samples when five or
more are examined per month.
(Source: Amended at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
20, 1990)
Section 604.103 Total Coliform Check-Samples
This Section applies until the effective date for the
filtration and disinfection requirements of 35 Ill. Adm. Code
611.Subpart B as applicable to each supply.
a) When coliform densities exceed the limit established
in Section 604.102, they may indicate a breakdown in
the protective barriers and shall be cause for
special follow-up action to locate and eliminate the
cause of contamination.
b) Check-samples may be taken at the discretion of the
Environmental Protection Agency (Agency) under the
following conditions:
1) When coliform colonies in a single standard
5
sample exceed four per 100 milliliters, as
measured by the membrane filter technique, daily
samples shall be promptly collected and examined
from the same sampling point until the results
obtained from at least two consecutive samples
show less than one coliform per 100 milliliters.
2) When organisms of the coliform group occur in
three or more of the ten-milliliter portions of
a single standard sample (fermentation tube
method), daily samples shall be promptly
collected and examined from the same sampling
point until the results obtained from at least
two consecutive samples show no positive
results.
3) When organisms of the coliform group occur in
all five of the 100-milliliter portions of a
single standard sample (fermentation tube
method), daily samples shall be promptly
collected and examined from the same sampling
point until the results obtained from at least
two consecutive samples show no positive tubes.
c) The sampling point required to be check-sampled may
not be eliminated from future collections based on a
history of questionable water quality. These check
samples shall not be included in the total number of
samples examined per month, nor shall the check
samples be used as a basis for determining
compliance with Section 604.103(b).
(Source: Amended at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
20, 1990)
Section 604.104 Bacterial Plate Count Sample
This Section applies until the effective date for the
filtration and disinfection requirements of 35 Ill. Adm. Code
611.Subpart B as applicable to each supply. When bacterial
plate counts are considered by the Agency to be necessary, the
sample for the bacterial plate count using Standard
Plate-Count Agar (35 C, 48 hours) shall consist of two
portions of one milliliter and two portions of one-tenth
milliliter.
(Source: Amended at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
20, 1990)
Section 604.105 Bacterial Plate Count Limits
This Section applies until the effective date for the
6
filtration and disinfection requirements of 35 Ill. Adm. Code
611.Subpart B as applicable to each supply.
a) The maximum number for the bacterial plate count in
the water distributed to the consumer is 500
organisms per one milliliter, based on arithmetic
average of all samples examined in a calendar month.
In determining compliance, these data shall be
reported to two significant figures.
b) When the average bacterial plate count is found to
exceed 500 organisms per one milliliter, either in
portions of the distribution network or in finished
water reservoir storage, the Agency shall determine
if these bacterial counts require further action to
be taken to protect the water consumers. Upon such
findings, prompt attention shall be directed by the
owner toward finding the cause and taking
appropriate action for correction.
(Source: Amended at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
20, 1990)
SUBPART B: CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL QUALITY
Section 604.201 Finished Water Quality (Repealed)
(Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
20, 1990)
Section 604.202 Contaminants and Maximum Allowable
Concentrations (Repealed)
(Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
20, 1990)
Section 604.203 Exceptions to Maximum Allowable
Concentrations (Repealed)
(Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
20, 1990)
Section 604.204 Action Pursuant to Exceedance of Maximum
Allowable Concentration (Repealed)
(Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
20, 1990)
SUBPART C: RADIOLOGICAL QUALITY
7
Section 604.301 Radium - 266, -228, and Gross Alpha
Particle Activity (Repealed)
(Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
20, 1990)
Section 604.302 Man-Made Radioactivity (Repealed)
(Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
20, 1990)
Section 604.303 Determining Maximum Allowable
Concentrations (Repealed)
(Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
20, 1990)
SUBPART D: CHLORINATION AND FLUORIDATION
Section 604.401 Chlorination Requirement
This Section applies until the effective date for the
filtration and disinfection requirements of 35 Ill. Adm. Code
611.Subpart B as applicable to each supply. All supplies,
except those community water supplies exempted pursuant to
Section 17(b) of the Environmental Protection Act (Ill. Rev.
Stat. 1987, ch. 111 1/2, par. 1017(b) shall chlorinate the
water before it enters the distribution system.
a) All supplies which are required to chlorinate shall
maintain residuals of free or combined chlorine at
levels sufficient to provide adequate protection.
b) The Agency may set levels and promulgate procedures
for chlorination.
c) Those supplies having hand-pumped wells and no
distribution system are exempted from the
requirements of this subpart.
(Source: Amended at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
20, 1990)
Section 604.402 Chlorination Exemption Requirements
(Repealed)
(Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
20, 1990)
Section 604.403 Conditions for Obtaining a Written
Chlorination Exemption (Repealed)
8
(Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
20, 1990)
Section 604.404 Loss of Chlorination Exemption (Repealed)
(Source:Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
20, 1990)
Section 604.405 Fluoridation Requirement (Repealed)
(Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
20, 1990)
SUBPART E: RAW WATER
Section 604.501 Raw Water Quality (Repealed)
(Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
20, 1990)
Section 604.502 Raw Water Quantity (Repealed)
(Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16435, effective September
20, 1990)
Section 604.APPENDIX A References to Former Rules
(Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. September 20, 1990)
9
TITLE 35: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
SUBTITLE F: PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES
CHAPTER I: POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
PART 605
SAMPLING AND MONITORING (REPEALED)
Section
605.101 Frequency of Bacteriological Sampling
605.102 Minimum Allowable Monthly Samples for
Bacteriological Analysis
605.103 Frequency of Chemical Analysis Sampling (Repealed)
605.104 Frequency of Trihalomethane Analysis Sampling
(Repealed)
605.105 Monitoring Requirements for Radium-226, -228 and
Gross Alpha particle Activity (Repealed)
605.106 Monitoring Frequency for Radium-226, -228 and Gross
Alpha Particle Activity (Repealed)
605.107 Monitoring Requirements for Man-Made Radioactivity
(Repealed)
605.108 Monitoring Frequency for Man-Made Radioactivity
(Repealed)
605.109 Surface Water Supplies Additional Monitoring
Requirements
605.110 Modification of Monitoring Requirements (Repealed)
605.Appendix A References to Former Rules (Repealed)
AUTHORITY: Implementing Section 17 and authorized by Section
27
of the Environmental Protection Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch.
111½, pars. 1017 and 1027 [415 ILCS 5/17 and 27]).
SOURCE: Filed with Secretary of State January 1, 1978;
amended
at 2 Ill. Reg. 36, p. 72, effective August 29, 1978; amended
and
codified at 6 Ill. Reg. 11497, effective September 14, 1982;
amended at 6 Ill. Reg. 14344, effective November 3, 1982;
amended
in R84-12 at 14 Ill. Reg. 695, effective January 2, 1990;
amended
at 14 Ill. Reg. 16642, effective September 20, 1990Repealed in
R93-1 at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
.
Section 605.101 Frequency of Bacteriological Sampling
This Section applies until the effective date for the
filtration and disinfection requirements of 35 Ill. Adm. Code
611.Subpart B as applicable to each supply.
a) Representative samples of the finished water from
10
the distribution system are to be submitted monthly
by each supply owner, official custodian, or his
authorized personnel to a certified laboratory for
bacteriological analysis.
1) The minimum number of samples to be submitted
monthly is dependent upon the population served
as shown in Section 605.102.
2) A greater number of samples may be required by
the Environmental Protection Agency (Agency) to
be analyzed each month.
b) The owner, official custodian, or authorized
personnel of any community water supply which is
exempt from chlorination pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm.
Code 604.403 shall submit samples to a certified
laboratory for bacteriological analysis at least
twice a month. Each submission shall consist of the
minimum number of samples shown in Section 605.102
plus raw water samples of a sufficient number to
assure that each active well is sampled at least
monthly.
c) It shall be the responsibility of the supply to have
the analyses performed either at its own certified
laboratory or at any other certified laboratory.
The Agency may require that some or all of the
monthly samples be submitted to its laboratories.
(Source: Amended at 14 Ill. Reg. 16642, effective September
20, 1990)
Section 605.102 Minimum Allowable Monthly Samples for
Bacteriological Analysis
This Section applies until the effective date for the
filtration and disinfection requirements of 35 Ill. Adm. Code
611.Subpart B as applicable to each supply.
Population Served Minimum number of
Samples Pper Month
25 to 100 1
101 to 2,500 2
2,501 to 3,300 3
3,301 to 4,100 4
4,101 to 4,900 5
4,901 to 5,800 6
5,801 to 6,700 7
6,701 to 7,600 8
7,601 to 8,500 9
11
8,501 to 9,400 10
9,401 to 10,300 11
10,301 to 11,100 12
11,101 to 12,000 13
12,001 to 12,900 14
12,901 to 13,700 15
13,701 to 14,600 16
14,601 to 15,500 17
15,501 to 16,300 18
16,301 to 17,200 19
17,201 to 18,100 20
18,101 to 18,900 21
18,901 to 19,800 22
19,801 to 20,700 23
20,701 to 21,500 24
21,501 to 22,300 25
22,301 to 23,200 26
23,201 to 24,000 27
24,001 to 24,900 28
24,901 to 25,000 29
25,001 to 28,000 30
28,001 to 33,000 35
33,001 to 37,000 40
37,001 to 41,000 45
41,001 to 46,000 50
46,001 to 50,000 55
50,001 to 54,000 60
54,001 to 59,000 65
59,001 to 64,000 70
64,001 to 70,000 75
70,001 to 76,000 80
76,001 to 83,000 85
83,001 to 90,000 90
90,001 to 96,000 95
96,001 to 111,000 100
111,001 to 130,000 110
130,001 to 160,000 120
160,001 to 190,000 130
190,001 to 220,000 140
220,001 to 250,000 150
250,001 to 290,000 160
290,001 to 320,000 170
320,001 to 360,000 180
360,001 to 410,000 190
410,001 to 450,000 200
450,001 to 500,000 210
500,001 to 550,000 220
550,001 to 600,000 230
600,001 to 660,000 240
660,001 to 720,000 250
720,001 to 780,000 260
780,001 to 840,000 270
12
840,001 to 910,000 280
910,001 to 970,000 290
970,001 to 1,050,000 300
1,050,001 to 1,140,000 310
1,140,001 to 1,230,000 320
1,230,001 to 1,320,000 330
1,320,001 to 1,420,000 340
1,420,001 to 1,520,000 350
1,520,001 to 1,630,000 360
1,630,001 to 1,730,000 370
1,730,001 to 1,850,000 380
1,850,001 to 1,970,000 390
1,970,001 to 2,060,000 400
2,060,001 to 2,270,000 410
2,270,001 to 2,510,000 420
2,510,001 to 2,750,000 430
2,750,001 to 3,020,000 440
3,020,001 to 3,320,000 450
3,320,001 to 3,620,000 460
3,620,001 to 3,960,000 470
2,960,001 to 4,310,000 480
4,310,001 to 4,690,000 490
4,690,001 or more 500
(Source: Amended at 14 Ill. Reg. 16642, effective September
20, 1990)
Section 605.103 Frequency of Chemical Analysis Sampling
(Repealed)
(Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16642, effective September
20, 1990)
Section 605.104 Frequency of Trihalomethane Analysis
Sampling (Repealed)
(Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16442, effective September
20, 1990)
Section 605.105 Monitoring Requirements for Radium-226,
-228 and Gross Alpha particle Activity
(Repealed)
(Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16642, effective September
20, 1990)
Section 605.106 Monitoring Frequency for Radium-226, -228
and Gross Alpha Particle Activity
(Repealed)
(Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16642, effective September
13
20, 1990)
Section 605.107 Monitoring Requirements for Man-Made
Radioactivity (Repealed)
(Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16642, effective September
20, 1990)
Section 605.108 Monitoring Frequency for Man-Made
Radioactivity (Repealed)
(Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16642, effective September
20, 1990)
Section 605.109 Surface Water Supplies Additional
Monitoring Requirements
This Section applies until the effective date for the
filtration and disinfection requirements of 35 Ill. Adm. Code
611.Subpart B as applicable to each supply. Owners or official
custodians of community water supplies utilizing surface water
sources shall ensure:
a) that finished water samples are taken at
arepresentative entry points to the distribution
systemat least once per day, and
b) that a turbidity analysis is performed on each of
thesamples immediately. The analysis of the samples
shall be done by an individual who has been approved
by the Agency as qualified to make this analysis.
(Source: Amended at 14 Ill. Reg. 16642, effective September
20, 1990)
Section 605.110 Modification of Monitoring Requirements
(Repealed)
(Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16642, effective September
20, 1990)
Section 605.Appendix A References to Former Rules (Repealed)
(Source: Repealed at 14 Ill. Reg. 16642, effective September
20, 1990)
14
TITLE 35: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
SUBTITLE F: PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES
CHAPTER I: POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
PART 611
PRIMARY DRINKING WATER STANDARDS
SUBPART A: GENERAL
Section
611.100
Purpose, Scope and Applicability
611.101
Definitions
611.102
Incorporations by Reference
611.103
Severability
611.107
Agency Inspection of PWS Facilities
611.108
Delegation to Local Government
611.109
Enforcement
611.110
Special Exception Permits
611.111
Section 1415 Variances
611.112
Section 1416 Variances
611.113
Alternative Treatment Techniques
611.114
Siting requirements
611.115
Source Water Quantity
611.120
Effective dates
611.121
Maximum Contaminant Levels
611.125
Fluoridation Requirement
611.126
Prohibition on Use of Lead
611.130
Special Requirements for Certain Variances and
Adjusted Standards
SUBPART B: FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION
Section
611.201
Requiring a Demonstration
611.202
Procedures for Agency Determinations
611.211
Filtration Required
611.212
Groundwater under Direct Influence of Surface Water
611.213
No Method of HPC Analysis
611.220
General Requirements
611.230
Filtration Effective Dates
611.231
Source Water Quality Conditions
611.232
Site-specific Conditions
611.233
Treatment Technique Violations
611.240
Disinfection
611.241
Unfiltered PWSs
611.242
Filtered PWSs
611.250
Filtration
611.261
Unfiltered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping
611.262
Filtered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping
611.271
Protection during Repair Work
611.272
Disinfection following Repair
SUBPART C: USE OF NON-CENTRALIZED TREATMENT DEVICES
Section
15
611.280
Point-of-Entry Devices
611.290
Use of Point-of-Use Devices or Bottled Water
SUBPART D: TREATMENT TECHNIQUES
Section
611.295
General Requirements
611.296
Acrylamide and Epichlorohydrin
611.297
Corrosion Control
SUBPART F: MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS (MCL's)
Section
611.300
Old MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals
611.301
Revised MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals
611.310
Old MCLs for Organic Chemicals
611.311
Revised MCLs for Organic Contaminants
611.320
Turbidity
611.325
Microbiological Contaminants
611.330
Radium and Gross Alpha Particle Activity
611.331
Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity
SUBPART G: LEAD AND COPPER
Section
611.350
General Requirements
611.351
Applicability of Corrosion Control
611.352
Corrosion Control Treatment
611.353
Source Water Treatment
611.354
Lead Service Line Replacement
611.355
Public Education and Supplemental Monitoring
611.356
Tap Water Monitoring for Lead and Copper
611.357
Monitoring for Water Quality Parameters
611.358
Monitoring for Lead and Copper in Source Water
611.359
Analytical Methods
611.360
Reporting
611.361
Recordkeeping
SUBPART K: GENERAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.480
Alternative Analytical Techniques
611.490
Certified Laboratories
611.491
Laboratory Testing Equipment
611.500
Consecutive PWSs
611.510
Special Monitoring for Unregulated Contaminants
SUBPART L: MICROBIOLOGICAL
MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.521
Routine Coliform Monitoring
611.522
Repeat Coliform Monitoring
611.523
Invalidation of Total Coliform Samples
611.524
Sanitary Surveys
611.525
Fecal Coliform and E. Coli Testing
611.526
Analytical Methodology
16
611.527
Response to Violation
611.531
Analytical Requirements
611.532
Unfiltered PWSs
611.533
Filtered PWSs
SUBPART M: TURBIDITY MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.560
Turbidity
SUBPART N: INORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.591
Violation of State MCL
611.592
Frequency of State Monitoring
611.600
Applicability
611.601
Monitoring Frequency
611.602
Asbestos Monitoring Frequency
611.603
Inorganic Monitoring Frequency
611.604
Nitrate Monitoring
611.605
Nitrite Monitoring
611.606
Confirmation Samples
611.607
More Frequent Monitoring and Confirmation Sampling
611.608
Additional Optional Monitoring
611.609
Averaging
611.610
Inorganic Monitoring Times
611.611
Inorganic Analysis
611.612
Monitoring Requirements for Old Inorganic MCLs
611.630
Special Monitoring for Sodium
611.631
Special Monitoring for Inorganic Chemicals
SUBPART O: ORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.640
Definitions
611.641
Old MCLs
611.645
Analytical Methods for Old MCLs
611.646
Phase I, and Phase II, and Phase V Volatile Organic
Contaminants
611.647
Sampling for Phase I Volatile Organic Contaminants
611.648
Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V Synthetic Organic
Contaminants
611.650
Monitoring for 36 Contaminants (Repealed)
611.657
Analytical Methods for 36 Contaminants (Repealed)
611.658
Special Monitoring for Organic Chemicals
SUBPART P: THM MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.680
Sampling, Analytical and other Requirements
611.683
Reduced Monitoring Frequency
611.684
Averaging
611.685
Analytical Methods
611.686
Modification to System
SUBPART Q: RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL
17
REQUIREMENTS
Section
611.720
Analytical Methods
611.731
Gross Alpha
611.732
Manmade Radioactivity
SUBPART T: REPORTING, PUBLIC NOTIFICATION AND RECORDKEEPING
Section
611.830
Applicability
611.831
Monthly Operating Report
611.832
Notice by Agency
611.833
Cross Connection Reporting
611.840
Reporting
611.851
Reporting MCL and other Violations
611.852
Reporting other Violations
611.853
Notice to New Billing Units
611.854
General Content of Public Notice
611.855
Mandatory Health Effects Language
611.856
Fluoride Notice
611.858
Fluoride Secondary Standard
611.860
Record Maintenance
611.870
List of 36 Contaminants
611.Appendix AMandatory Health Effects Information
611.Appendix BPercent Inactivation of G. Lamblia Cysts
611.Appendix CCommon Names of Organic Chemicals
611.Appendix DDefined Substrate Method for the Simultaneous
Detection of Total Coliforms and Eschricia Coli
from Drinking Water
611.Appendix EMandatory Lead Public Education Information
611.Table A
Total Coliform Monitoring Frequency
611.Table B
Fecal or Total Coliform Density Measurements
611.Table C
Frequency of RDC Measurement
611.Table D
Number of Lead and Copper Monitoring Sites
611.Table E
Lead and Copper Monitoring Start Dates
611.Table F
Number of Water Quality Parameter Sampling Sites
611.Table G
Summary of Monitoring Requirements for Water
Quality Parameters
1
611.Table Z
Federal Effective Dates
AUTHORITY: Implementing Sections 17 and 17.5 and authorized
by Section 27 of the Environmental Protection Act (Ill. Rev.
Stat. 1991, ch. 111½, pars. 1017, 1017.5 and 1027 [415 ILCS
5/17, 5/17.5 and 5/27]).
SOURCE: Adopted in R88-26 at 14 Ill. Reg. 16517, effective
September 20, 1990; amended in R90-21 at 14 Ill. Reg. 20448,
effective December 11, 1990; amended in R90-13 at 15 Ill. Reg.
1562, effective January 22, 1991; amended in R91-3 at 16 Ill.
Reg. 19010, December 1, 1992; amended in R92-3 at 17 Ill. Reg.
, effective ; amended in R93-1
at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective .
18
SUBPART A: GENERAL
Section 611.101
Definitions
As used in this Part, the term:
"Act" means the Environmental Protection Act (Ill.
Rev. Stat. 1991, ch. 111½, par. 1001 et seq. [415
ILCS 5/1 et seq.])
"Agency" means the Illinois Environmental Protection
Agency.
BOARD NOTE: The Department of Public Health
("Public Health") regulates non-community water
supplies ("non-CWSs", including non-transient, non-
community water supplies ("NTNCWSs") and transient
non-community water supplies ("transient non-
CWSs")). For the purposes of regulation of supplies
by Public Health by reference to this Part, "Agency"
shall mean Public Health.
"Ai" means "inactivation ratio".
"Approved source of bottled water", for the
purposes of Section 611.130(e)(4), means a
source of water and the water therefrom, whether
it be from a spring, artesian well, drilled
well, municipal water supply, or any other
source, that has been inspected and the water
sampled, analyzed, and found to be a safe and
sanitary quality according to applicable laws
and regulations of State and local government
agencies having jurisdiction, as evidenced by
the presence in the plant of current
certificates or notations of approval from each
government agency or agencies having
jurisdiction over the source, the water it
bottles, and the distribution of the water in
commerce.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.62(g)(2)
and 21 CFR 129.3(a) (1992). The Board cannot
compile an exhaustive listing of all federal,
state, and local laws to which bottled water and
bottling water may be subjected. However, the
statutes and regulations of which the Board is
aware are the following: the Illinois Food,
Drug and Cosmetic Act (410 ILCS 620/1 et seq.,
formerly Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991 ch. 56½, par. 501
et seq.), the Bottled Water Act (815 ILCS 310/1
et seq., formerly Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991 ch. 111½,
19
par. 121.101), the DPH Water Well Construction
Code (77 Ill. Adm. Code 920), the DPH Water Well
Pump Installation Code (77 Ill. Adm. Code 925),
the federal bottled water quality standards (21
CFR 103.35), the federal drinking water
processing and bottling standards (21 CFR 129),
the federal Good Manufacturing Practices for
human foods (21 CFR 110), the federal Fair
Packaging and Labeling Act (15 U.S.C. §§ 1451 et
seq.), and the federal Fair Packaging and
Labeling regulations (21 CFR 201).
"Best available technology" or "BAT" means the best
technology, treatment techniques or other means that
USEPA has found are available for the contaminant in
question. BAT is specified in Subpart F of this
Part.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Board" means the Illinois Pollution Control Board.
"CAS No" means "Chemical Abstracts Services Number".
"CT" or "CT
calc
" is the product of "residual
disinfectant concentration" (RDC or C) in mg/L
determined before or at the first customer, and the
corresponding "disinfectant contact time" (T) in
minutes. If a supplier applies disinfectants at
more than one point prior to the first customer, it
shall determine the CT of each disinfectant sequence
before or at the first customer to determine the
total percent inactivation or "total inactivation
ratio". In determining the total inactivation
ratio, the supplier shall determine the RDC of each
disinfection sequence and corresponding contact time
before any subsequent disinfection application
point(s). (See "CT
99.9
")
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"CT
99.9
" is the CT value required for 99.9 percent (3-
log) inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts. CT
99.9
for a variety of disinfectants and conditions appear
in Tables 1.1-1.6, 2.1 and 3.1 of Section 611.-
Appendix B. (See "Inactivation Ratio".)
BOARD NOTE: Derived from the definition of "CT" in
40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Coagulation" means a process using coagulant
chemicals and mixing by which colloidal and
suspended materials are destabilized and
agglomerated into flocs.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
20
"Community Water System" or "CWS" means a public
water system (PWS) that serves at least 15 service
connections used by year-round residents or
regularly serves at least 25 year-round residents.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992). This
definition differs slightly from that of Section
3.05 of the Act.
"Compliance cycle" means the nine-year calendar year
cycle during which public water systems (PWSs) must
monitor. Each compliance cycle consists of three
three-year compliance periods. The first calendar
cycle begins January 1, 1993, and ends December 31,
2001; the second begins January 1, 2002 and ends
December 31, 2010; the third begins January 1, 2011,
and ends December 31, 2019.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Compliance period" means a three-year calendar year
period within a compliance cycle. Each compliance
cycle has three three-year compliance periods.
Within the first compliance cycle, the first
compliance period runs from January 1, 1993, to
December 31, 1995; the second from January 1, 1996,
to December 31, 1998; the third from January 1,
1999, to December 31, 2001.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Confluent growth" means a continuous bacterial
growth covering the entire filtration area of a
membrane filter or a portion thereof, in which
bacterial colonies are not discrete.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Contaminant" means any physical, chemical,
biological or radiological substance or matter in
water.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Conventional filtration treatment" means a series
of processes including coagulation, flocculation,
sedimentation and filtration resulting in
substantial particulate removal.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Diatomaceous earth filtration" means a process
resulting in substantial particulate removal in
which:
A precoat cake of diatomaceous earth filter
media is deposited on a support membrane
21
(septum); and
While the water is filtered by passing through
the cake on the septum, additional filter media
known as body feed is continuously added to the
feed water to maintain the permeability of the
filter cake.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Direct filtration" means a series of processes
including coagulation and filtration but excluding
sedimentation resulting in substantial particulate
removal.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Disinfectant" means any oxidant, including but not
limited to chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chloramines
and ozone added to water in any part of the
treatment or distribution process, that is intended
to kill or inactivate pathogenic microorganisms.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Disinfectant contact time" or "T" means the time in
minutes that it takes for water to move from the
point of disinfectant application or the previous
point of RDC measurement to a point before or at the
point where RDC is measured.
Where only one RDC is measured, T is the time in
minutes that it takes for water to move from the
point of disinfectant application to a point
before or at where RDC is measured.
Where more than one RDC is measured, T is:
For the first measurement of RDC, the time
in minutes that it takes for water to move
from the first or only point of
disinfectant application to a point before
or at the point where the first RDC is
measured and
For subsequent measurements of RDC, the
time in minutes that it takes for water to
move from the previous RDC measurement
point to the RDC measurement point for
which the particular T is being calculated.
T in pipelines must be calculated based on "plug
flow" by dividing the internal volume of the
pipe by the maximum hourly flow rate through
that pipe.
22
T within mixing basins and storage reservoirs
must be determined by tracer studies or an
equivalent demonstration.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Disinfection" means a process that inactivates
pathogenic organisms in water by chemical oxidants
or equivalent agents.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Distribution system" includes all points downstream
of an "entry point" to the point of consumer
ownership.
"Domestic or other non-distribution system plumbing
problem" means a coliform contamination problem in a
PWS with more than one service connection that is
limited to the specific service connection from
which the coliform-positive sample was taken.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Dose equivalent" means the product of the absorbed
dose from ionizing radiation and such factors as
account for differences in biological effectiveness
due to the type of radiation and its distribution in
the body as specified by the International
Commission on Radiological Units and Measurements
(ICRU).
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Entry point" means a point just downstream of the
final treatment operation, but upstream of the first
user and upstream of any mixing with other water.
If raw water is used without treatment, the "entry
point" is the raw water source. If a PWS receives
treated water from another PWS, the "entry point" is
a point just downstream of the other PWS, but
upstream of the first user on the receiving PWS, and
upstream of any mixing with other water.
"Filtration" means a process for removing
particulate matter from water by passage through
porous media.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Flocculation" means a process to enhance
agglomeration or collection of smaller floc
particles into larger, more easily settleable
particles through gentle stirring by hydraulic or
mechanical means.
23
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"GC" means "gas chromatography" or "gas-liquid phase
chromatography".
"GC/MS" means gas chromatography (GC) followed by
mass spectrometry (MS).
"Gross alpha particle activity" means the total
radioactivity due to alpha particle emission as
inferred from measurements on a dry sample.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Gross beta particle activity" means the total
radioactivity due to beta particle emission as
inferred from measurements on a dry sample.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Groundwater under the direct influence of surface
water" is as determined in Section 611.212.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"GWS" means "groundwater system", a public water
supply (PWS) that uses only groundwater sources.
BOARD NOTE: Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(b)(2) &
141.24(f)(2) note (1992).
"Halogen" means one of the chemical elements
chlorine, bromine or iodine.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"HPC" means "heterotrophic plate count", measured as
specified in Section 611.531(c).
"Inactivation Ratio" (Ai) means:
Ai = CT
calc
/CT
99.9
The sum of the inactivation ratios, or "total
inactivation ratio" (B) is calculated by adding
together the inactivation ratio for each
disinfection sequence:
B = SUM(Ai)
A total inactivation ratio equal to or greater
than 1.0 is assumed to provide a 3-log
inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from the definition of "CT"
in 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
24
"Initial compliance period" means the three-year
compliance period that begins January 1, 1993,
except for the MCLs for dichloromethane, 1,2,4-
trichlorobenzene, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, benzo[a]-
pyrene, dalapon, di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, di(2-ethy-
lhexyl)phthalate, dinoseb, diquat, endothall,
endrin, glyphosate, hexachlorobenzene, hexachloro-
cyclopentadiene, oxamyl, picloram, simazine,
2,3,7,8-TCDD, antimony, beryllium, cyanide, nickel,
and thallium as they apply to suppliers whose
supplies have fewer than 150 service connections,
for which it means the three-year compliance period
that begins on January 1, 1996.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992), as
amended at 57 Fed. Reg. 31838 (July 17, 1992).
"L" means "liter".
"Legionella" means a genus of bacteria, some species
of which have caused a type of pneumonia called
Legionnaires Disease.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Man-made beta particle and photon emitters" means
all radionuclides emitting beta particles and/or
photons listed in Maximum Permissible Body Burdens
and Maximum Permissible Concentrations of
Radionuclides in Air and in Water for Occupational
Exposure, NCRP Report Number 22, incorporated by
reference in Section 611.102, except the daughter
products of thorium-232, uranium-235 and uranium-
238.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Maximum contaminant level" ("MCL") means the
maximum permissible level of a contaminant in water
that is delivered to any user of a public water
system. See Section 611.121
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Maximum Total Trihalomethane Potential" or "MTP"
means the maximum concentration of total
trihalomethanes (TTHMs) produced in a given water
containing a disinfectant residual after 7 days at a
temperature of 25
°
C or above.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"MFL" means millions of fibers per liter larger than
10 micrometers.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(a)(4)(i)
(1992).
25
"mg" means milligrams (1/1000th of a gram).
"mg/L" means milligrams per liter.
"Mixed system" means a PWS that uses both
groundwater and surface water sources.
BOARD NOTE: Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(b)(2) and
141.24(f)(2) note (1992).
"MUG" means 4-methyl-umbelliferyl-beta-d-
glucuronide.
"Near the first service connection" means at one of
the 20 percent of all service connections in the
entire system that are nearest the public water
system (PWS) treatment facility, as measured by
water transport time within the distribution system.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"nm" means nanometer (1/1,000,000,000th of a meter).
"Non-community water system" or "NCWS" or "non-CWS"
means a public water system (PWS) that is not a
community water system (CWS).
BOARD NOTE: Derived from the definition of "public
water system" in 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Non-transient non-community water system" or
"NTNCWS" means a public water system (PWS) that is
not a community water system (CWS) and that
regularly serves at least 25 of the same persons
over 6 months per year.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"NPDWR" means "national primary drinking water
regulation".
"NTU" means "nephelometric turbidity units".
"Old MCL" means one of the inorganic maximum
contaminant levels (MCLs), codified at Section
611.300, or organic MCLs, codified at Section
611.310, including any marked as "additional state
requirements."
BOARD NOTE: Old MCLs are those derived prior to the
implementation of the USEPA "Phase II" regulations.
The Section 611.640 definition of this term, which
applies only to Subpart O of this Part, differs from
this definition in that that definition does not
include the Section 611.300 inorganic MCLs.
26
"P-A Coliform Test" means "Presence-Absence Coliform
Test".
"Performance evaluation sample" means a reference
sample provided to a laboratory for the purpose of
demonstrating that the laboratory can successfully
analyze the sample within limits of performance
specified by the Agency; or, for bacteriological
laboratories, Public Health; or, for radiological
laboratories, the Illinois Department of Nuclear
Safety. The true value of the concentration of the
reference material is unknown to the laboratory at
the time of the analysis.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Person" means an individual, corporation, company,
association, partnership, State, unit of local
government or federal agency.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Phase I" refers to that group of chemical
contaminants and the accompanying regulations
promulgated by USEPA on July 8, 1987, at 52 Fed.
Reg. 25712.
"Phase II" refers to that group of chemical
contaminants and the accompanying regulations
promulgated by USEPA on January 30, 1991, at 56 Fed.
Reg. 3578.
"Phase IIB" refers to that group of chemical
contaminants and the accompanying regulations
promulgated by USEPA on July 1, 1991, at 56 Fed.
Reg. 30266.
"Phase V" refers to that group of chemical
contaminants promulgated by USEPA on July 17, 1992,
at 57 Fed. Reg. 31776.
"Picocurie" or "pCi" means the quantity of
radioactive material producing 2.22 nuclear
transformations per minute.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Point of disinfectant application" is the point at
which the disinfectant is applied and downstream of
which water is not subject to recontamination by
surface water runoff.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Point-of-entry treatment device" is a treatment
device applied to the drinking water entering a
27
house or building for the purpose of reducing
contaminants in the drinking water distributed
throughout the house or building.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Point-of-use treatment device" is a treatment
device applied to a single tap used for the purpose
of reducing contaminants in drinking water at that
one tap.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Public Health" means the Illinois Department of
Public Health.
BOARD NOTE: The Department of Public Health
("Public Health") regulates non-community water
supplies ("non-CWSs", including non-transient, non-
community water supplies ("NTNCWSs") and transient
non-community water supplies ("transient non-
CWSs")). For the purposes of regulation of supplies
by Public Health by reference to this Part, "Agency"
shall mean Public Health.
"Public water system" or "PWS" means a system for
the provision to the public of piped water for human
consumption, if such system has at least fifteen
service connections or regularly serves an average
of at least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days
out of the year. A PWS is either a community water
system (CWS) or a non-community water system (non-
CWS). Such term includes:
Any collection, treatment, storage and
distribution facilities under control of the
operator of such system and used primarily in
connection with such system, and;
Any collection or pretreatment storage
facilities not under such control that are used
primarily in connection with such system.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Reliably and consistently" below a specified level
for a contaminant means an Agency determination
based on analytical results following the initial
detection of a contaminant to determine the
qualitative condition of water from an individual
sampling point or source. The Agency shall base
this determination on the consistency of analytical
results, the degree below the MCL, the
susceptibility of source water to variation, and
other vulnerability factors pertinent to the
contaminant detected that may influence the quality
28
of water.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(b)(9),
141.24(f)(11)(ii), and 141.24(f)(11)(iii) (1992).
"Rem" means the unit of dose equivalent from
ionizing radiation to the total body or any internal
organ or organ system. A "millirem (mrem)" is
1/1000 of a rem.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Repeat compliance period" means a compliance period
that begins after the initial compliance period.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Representative" means that a sample must reflect
the quality of water that is delivered to consumers
under conditions when all sources required to supply
water under normal conditions are in use and all
treatment is properly operating.
"Residual disinfectant concentration" ("RDC" or "C"
in CT calculations) means the concentration of
disinfectant measured in mg/L in a representative
sample of water. For purposes of the requirement of
Section 611.241(d) of maintaining a detectable RDC
in the distribution system, "RDC" means a residual
of free or combined chlorine.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"SDWA" means the Public Health Service Act, as
amended by the Safe Drinking Water Act, Pub. L. 93-
523, 42 U.S.C. 300f et seq.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Sanitary survey" means an onsite review of the
water source, facilities, equipment, operation and
maintenance of a public water system (PWS) for the
purpose of evaluating the adequacy of such source,
facilities, equipment, operation and maintenance for
producing and distributing safe drinking water.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Sedimentation" means a process for removal of
solids before filtration by gravity or separation.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"SEP" means special exception permit (Section
611.110).
"Slow sand filtration" means a process involving
passage of raw water through a bed of sand at low
velocity (generally less than 0.4 meters per hour
29
(m/h)) resulting in substantial particulate removal
by physical and biological mechanisms.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"SOC" or "Synthetic organic chemical contaminant"
refers to that group of contaminants designated as
"SOCs", or "synthetic organic chemicals" or
"synthetic organic contaminants", in USEPA
regulatory discussions and guidance documents.
"SOCs" include alachlor, aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone,
aldicarb sulfoxide, atrazine, benzo[a]pyrene, carbo-
furan, chlordane, dalapon, dibromoethylene (ethylene
dibromide or EDB), dibromochloropropane (DBCP), di-
(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,
dinoseb, diquat, endothall, endrin, glyphosate,
heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, hexachlorobenzene,
hexachlorocyclopentadiene, lindane, methoxychlor,
oxamyl, pentachlorophenol, picloram, simazine,
toxaphene, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 2,4-D,
2,3,7,8-TCDD, and 2,4,5-TP.
"Source" means a well, reservoir, or other source of
raw water.
"Standard sample" means the aliquot of finished
drinking water that is examined for the presence of
coliform bacteria.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Supplier of water" or "supplier" means any person
who owns or operates a public water system (PWS).
This term includes the "official custodian".
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Surface water" means all water that is open to the
atmosphere and subject to surface runoff.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"SWS" means "surface water system", a public water
supply (PWS) that uses only surface water sources,
including "groundwater under the direct influence of
surface water".
BOARD NOTE: Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(b)(2) and
141.24(f)(2) note (1992).
"System with a single service connection" means a
system that supplies drinking water to consumers via
a single service line.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Too numerous to count" means that the total number
of bacterial colonies exceeds 200 on a 47-mm
30
diameter membrane filter used for coliform
detection.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Total trihalomethanes" or "TTHM" means the sum of
the concentration of trihalomethanes (THMs), in
milligrams per liter (mg/L), rounded to two
significant figures.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from the definition of "total
trihalomethanes" in 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).See the
definition of THMs for a listing of the four
compounds that USEPA considers TTHMs to comprise.
"Transient, non-community water system" or
"transient non-CWS" or "TNCWS" means a public water
system (PWS) that is neither a community water
system ("CWS") nor a non-transient, noncommunity
water system ("NTNCWS").
BOARD NOTE: The federal regulations apply to all
"public water systems", which are defined as all
systems having at least 15 service connections or
regularly serving water to at least 25 persons. See
42 U.S.C. §300f(4). The Act mandates that the Board
and the Agency regulate "public water supplies",
which it defines as having at least 15 service
connections or regularly serving 25 persons daily at
least 60 days per year. See Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991
ch. 111½, par. 1003.28 [415 ILCS 5/3.28]. The
Department of Public Health regulates transient non-
community water systems.
"Treatment" means any process that changes the
physical, chemical, microbiological, or radiological
properties of water, is under the control of the
supplier, and is not a "point of use" or "point of
entry treatment device" as defined in this Section.
"Treatment" includes, but is not limited to
aeration, coagulation, sedimentation, filtration,
activated carbon treatment, disinfection, and
fluoridation.
"Trihalomethane" or "THM" means one of the family of
organic compounds, named as derivatives of methane,
in which three of the four hydrogen atoms in methane
are each substituted by a halogen atom in the
molecular structure. The THMs are:
Trichloromethane (chloroform),
Dibromochloromethane,
Bromodichloromethane and
31
Tribromomethane (bromoform)
BOARD NOTE: Derived from the definitions of
"total trihalomethanes" and "trihalomethanes" in
40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"
μ
g" means micrograms (1/1,000,000th of a gram).
"USEPA" means the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
"Virus" means a virus of fecal origin that is
infectious to humans by waterborne transmission.
"VOC" or "volatile organic chemical contaminant"
refers to that group of contaminants designated as
"VOCs", or "volatile organic chemicals" or "volatile
organic contaminants", in USEPA regulatory
discussions and guidance documents. "VOCs" include
benzene, dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane (carbon
tetrachloride), trichloroethylene, vinyl chloride,
1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform), 1,1-di-
chloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, cis-1,2-di-
chloroethylene, ethylbenzene, monochlorobenzene,
o-dichlorobenzene, styrene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene,
1,1,2-trichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, toluene,
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, xylene, and 1,2-di-
chloropropane.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Waterborne disease outbreak" means the significant
occurrence of acute infectious illness,
epidemiologically associated with the ingestion of
water from a public water system (PWS) that is
deficient in treatment, as determined by the
appropriate local or State agency.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 (1992).
"Wellhead Protection Program" means the wellhead
protection program for the State of Illinois,
approved by USEPA under Section 1428 of the SDWA.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.71(b) (1992).
The wellhead protection program will include the
"groundwater protection needs assessment" under
Section 17.1 of the Act, and regulations to be
adopted in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 615 et seq.
(Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
)
32
Section 611.102
Incorporations by Reference
a)
Abbreviations. The following abbreviated names are
used in this Part to refer to materials incorporated
by reference:
"AEPA-1 Polymer" is available from Advanced
Polymer Systems.
"Asbestos Methods" means "Analytical Method for
Determination of Asbestos Fibers in Water",
available from NTIS.
"ASTM" means American Society for Testing and
Materials
"Atomic Absorption-Platform Furnace Method" or
"AA-Platform Furnace Method" means
"Determination of Trace Elements by Stabilized
Temperature Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry -- Method 200.9"
"Indigo method" is as described in "Standard
Methods", 17th Edition, Method 4500-O
3
B.
"Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry
Method" or "ICP-MS Method" means "Determination
of Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by
Inductively-Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry --
Method 200.8"
"Inductively Coupled Plasma Method 200.7" or
"ICP Method 200.7" means "Inductively Coupled
Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometric Method for
Trace Element Analysis in Water and Wastes --
Method 200.7, with appendix". See 40 CFR 136,
Appendix C.
"Inductively Coupled Plasma Method 200.7, Rev.
3.2" or "ICP Method 200.7, Rev. 3.2" means
"Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in
Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-
Atomic Emission Spectrometry -- Method 200.7,
Revision 3.2" See 40 CFR 136, Appendix C.
"Ion Chromatography Method 300.0" means
"Determination of Inorganic Ions in Water by Ion
Chromatography -- Method 300.0"
"Microbiological Methods" means "Microbiological
Methods for Monitoring the Environment, Water
and Wastes", available from NTIS.
33
"MMO-MUG Test" means "minimal medium ortho-
nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside-4-methyl-
umbelliferyl-beta-d-glucuronide test", available
from Environetics, Inc.
"NCRP" means "National Council on Radiation
Protection".
"NTIS" means "National Technical Information
Service".
"Radiochemical Methods" means "Interim
Radiochemical Methodology for Drinking Water",
available from NTIS.
"Standard Methods", means "Standard Methods for
the Examination of Water and Wastewater",
available from the American Waterworks
Association.
"Technicon Methods" means "Fluoride in Water and
Wastewater", available from Technicon.
"USEPA Asbestos Methods" means "Analytical
Method for Determination of Asbestos Fibers in
Water", available from NTIS.
"USEPA Dioxin and Furan Method 1613" means
"Tetra- through Octa- Chlorinated Dioxins and
Furans by Isotope Dilution, available from
USEPA-OST.
"USEPA Environmental Metals Methods" means
"Methods for the Determination of Metals in
Environmental Samples", available from NTIS.
"USEPA Inorganic Methods" means "Methods for
Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes",
available from NTIS and ORD Publications.
"USEPA Ion Chromatography Method 300.0" means
"Method 300.0, Determination of Inorganic Anions
in Water by Ion Chromatography", available from
USEPA-EMSL.
"USEPA Organic Methods" means "Methods for the
Determination of Organic Compounds in Finished
Drinking Water and Raw Source Water", September,
1986, available from NTIS and USEPA-EMSL, for
the purposes of Section 611.647 only , and
"Methods for the Determination of Organic
34
Compounds in Drinking Water", December, 1988,
available from NTIS and ORD Publications, for
the purposes of Sections 611.646 and 611.648.
"USGS Methods" means "United States Geological
Survey Methods for Determination of Inorganic
Substances in Water and Fluvial Sediments",
available from USGS.
b)
The Board incorporates the following publications by
reference:
Access Analytical Systems, Inc., See
Environetics, Inc.
ASTM. American Society for Testing and
Materials, 1976 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA
19103 215/299-5585:
ASTM Method D511-88A and B, "Standard Test
Methods for Calcium and Magnesium in
Water", approved 1988.
ASTM Method D515-88A, "Standard Test
Methods for Phosphorus in Water", approved
1988.
ASTM Method D858-88, "Standard Test Methods
for Manganese in Water", approved August
19, 1988.
ASTM Method D859-88, Standard Test Method
for Silica in Water", approved 1988.
ASTM Method D1067-88B, "Standard Test
Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity in
Water", approved 1988).
ASTM Method D1125-82B, "Standard Test
Methods for Electrical Conductivity and
Resistivity of Water", approved October 29,
1982.
ASTM Method D1179-72A or B "Standard Test
Methods for Fluoride in Water", approved
July 28, 1972, reapproved 1978.
ASTM Method D1293-84B "Standard Test
Methods for pH of Water", approved October
26, 1984.
ASTM Method D1428-64, "Standard Test
35
Methods for Sodium and Potassium in Water
and Water-Formed Deposits by Flame
Photometry", approved August 31, 1964,
reapproved 1977.
ASTM Method D1688-90A or C, "Standard Test
Methods for Copper in Water", approved
1990.
ASTM Method D1889-88a, "Standard Test
Method for Turbidity of Water", approved
June 24, 1988.
ASTM Method D2036-89A or B, "Standard Test
Methods for Cyanide in Water", approved
1989.
ASTM Method D2459-72, "Standard Test Method
for Gamma Spectrometry in Water," 1975,
reapproved 1981, discontinued 1988.
ASTM Method D2907-83, "Standard Test
Methods for Microquantities of Uranium in
Water by Fluorometry", approved May 27,
1983.
ASTM Method D2972-88A or B, "Standard Test
Methods for Arsenic in Water", approved
1988.
ASTM Method D3223-86, "Standard Test Method
for Total Mercury in Water", approved
February 28, 1986.
ASTM Method D3559-85D, "Standard Test
Methods for Lead in Water", approved 1985.
ASTM Method D3645-84B, "Standard Test
Methods for Beryllium in Water, Method B--
Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace",
approved Jan. 27, 1984.
ASTM Method D3697-87, "Standard Test Method
for Antimony in Water", approved 1987.
ASTM Method D3859-88, "Standard Test
Methods for Selenium in Water", approved
June 24, 1988.
ASTM Method D3867-90, "Standard Test
Methods for Nitrite-Nitrate in Water",
approved January 10, 1990.
36
ASTM Method 4327-88, "Standard Test Method
for Anions in Water by Ion Chromatography",
approved 1988.
American Waterworks Association et al., 6666
West Quincy Ave., Denver, CO 80235 (303) 794-
7711:
Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater, 13th Edition, 1971.
Method 302, Gross Alpha and Gross Beta
Radioactivity in Water (Total,
Suspended and Dissolved).
Method 303, Total Radioactive
Strontium and Strontium 90 in Water.
Method 304, Radium in Water by
Precipitation.
Method 305, Radium 226 by Radon in
Water (Soluble, Suspended and Total).
Method 306, Tritium in Water.
Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater, 14th Edition, 1976.
Method 214A, Turbidity, Nephelometric
Method -- Nephelometric Turbidity
Units (for the purposes of Section
611.560 turbidity only).
Methods 320 and 320A, Sodium, Flame
Photometric Method.
Method 412D, Cyanide, Colorimetric
Method.
Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater, 16th Edition, 1985.
Method 212, Temperature.
Method 214A, Turbidity, Nephelometric
Method -- Nephelometric Turbidity
Units (for the purposes of Section
611.631 microbiological only).
Method 303A, Determination of
37
Antimony, etc. by Direct Aspiration
into an Air-Acetylene Flame.
Method 303C, Determination of
Aluminum, etc., by Direct Aspiration
into a Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene Flame.
Method 303E, Determination of Arsenic
and Selenium by Conversion to Their
Hydrides by Sodium Borohydride Reagent
and Aspiration into an Atomic
Absorption Atomizer.
Method 303F, Determination of Mercury
by the Cold Vapor Technique.
Method 304, Determination of Micro
Quantities of Aluminum, etc. by
Electrothermal Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry.
Method 307A, Arsenic, Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometric Method.
Method 307B, Arsenic, Silver Diethyl-
dithiocarbamate Method.
Method 408C, Chlorine (Residual),
Amperometric Titration Method.
Method 408D, Chlorine (Residual), DPD
Ferrous Titrimetric Method.
Method 408E, Chlorine (Residual), DPD
Colorimetric Method.
Method 408F, Chlorine (Residual),
Leuco Crystal Violet Method.
Method 410B, Chlorine Dioxide,
Amperometric Method.
Method 410C, Chlorine Dioxide, DPD
Method (Tentative).
Method 412D, Cyanide, Colorimetric
Method.
Method 413A, Fluoride, Preliminary
Distillation Step.
Method 413B, Fluoride, Electrode
38
Method.
Method 413C, Fluoride, SPADNS Method.
Method 413E, Fluoride, Complexone
Method.
Method 418C, Nitrogen (Nitrate),
Cadmium Reduction Method.
Method 418F, Nitrogen (Nitrate),
Automated Cadmium Reduction Method.
Method 423, pH Value.
Method 907A, Pour Plate Method.
Method 908, Multiple Tube Fermentation
Technique for Members of the Coliform
Group.
Method 908A, Standard Coliform
Multiple-Tube (MPN) Tests.
Method 908B, Application of Tests to
Routine Examinations.
Method 908C, Fecal Coliform MPN
Procedure.
Method 908D, Estimation of Bacterial
Density.
Method 908E, Presence-Absence (P-A)
Coliform Test (Tentative).
Method 909, Membrane Filter Technique
for Members of the Coliform Group.
Method 909A, Standard Total Coliform
Membrane Filter Procedure.
Method 909B, Delayed Incubation Total
Coliform Procedure.
Method 909C, Fecal Coliform Membrane
Filter Procedure.
Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater, 17th Edition, 1989.
Method 2320, Alkalinity.
39
Method 2510, Conductivity.
Method 2550, Temperature.
Method 3111 B, Metals by Flame Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry, Direct Air-
Acetylene Flame Method.
Method 3111 D, Metals by Flame Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry, Direct
Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene Flame Method.
Method 3112 B, Metals by Cold-Vapor
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Cold-
Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometric
Method.
Method 3113, Metals by Electrothermal
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.
Method 3113 B, Metals by
Electrothermal Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry, Electrothermal Atomic
Absorption Spectrometric Method.
Method 3114 B, Metals by Hydride
Generation/Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry, Manual Hydride
Generation/Atomic Absorption
Spectrometric Method.
Method 3120, Metals by Plasma Emission
Spectroscopy.
Method 3500-Ca D, Calcium, EDTA
Titrimetric Method.
Method 4110, Determination of Anions
by Ion Chromatography.
Method 4500-CN D, Cyanide, Titrimetric
Method.
Method 4500-CN E, Cyanide,
Colorimetric Method.
Method 4500-CN F, Cyanide, Cyanide-
Selective Electrode Method.
Method 4500-CN G, Cyanide, Cyanides
Amenable to Chlorination after
40
Distillation.
Method 4500-H
+
, pH Value.
Method 4500-NO
3
-
E, Nitrogen (Nitrate),
Cadmium Reduction Method.
Method 4500-NO
3
-
F, Nitrogen (Nitrate),
Automated Cadmium Reduction Method.
Method 4500-O
3
, Ozone (Residual),
Indigo Colorimetric Method (Proposed).
Method 4500-P F, Phosphorus, Automated
Ascorbic Acid Reduction Method.
Method 4500-Si D, Silica, Molybdosili-
cate Method.
Method 4500-Si E, Silica, Heteropoly
Blue Method.
Method 4500-Si F, Silica, Automated
method for Molybdate-Reactive Silica.
Advanced Polymer Systems, 3696 Haven Avenue,
Redwood City, CA 94063 415/ 366-2626:
AEPA-1 Polymer. See 40 CFR 141.22(a).
Also, as referenced in ASTM D1889.
Environetics, Inc., 21 Business Park Drive,
Branford, CT 06405 800/321-0207:
MMO-MUG tests: Colilert P/A or Colilert
MPN.
ERDA Health and Safety Laboratory, New York, NY:
HASL Procedure Manual, HASL 300, 1973. See
40 CFR 141.25(b)(2).
Millipore Corporation, Waters Chromatography
Division, 34 Maple St., Milford, MA 01757
800/252-4752:
Waters Test Method for the Determination of
Nitrite/Nitrate in Water Using Single
Column Ion Chromatography, Method B-1011.
NCRP. National Council on Radiation Protection,
7910 Woodmont Ave., Bethesda, MD (301) 657-
41
2652:
"Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and
Maximum Permissible Concentrations of
Radionuclides in Air and in Water for
Occupational Exposure", NCRP Report Number
22, June 5, 1959.
NTIS. National Technical Information Service,
5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161
(703) 487-4600 or (800) 336-4700:
Analytical Method for Determination of
Asbestos Fibers in Water, EPA-600/4-83-043,
September, 1983, Doc. No. PB83-260471.
"Methods of for Chemical Analysis of Water
and Wastes", J. Kopp and D. McGee, Third
Edition, March, 1979. EPA-600/4-79-020,
Doc. No. PB84-297686.
"Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and
Wastes", March, 1983, Doc. No. PB84-128677,
for all methods referenced except methods
180.1 (turbidity, Section 611.560) and
273.1 and 273.2 (sodium, Section 611.630).
"Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and
Wastes", March, 1979, Doc. No. PB84-128677,
only for methods 180.1 (turbidity, Section
611.560) and 273.1 and 273.2 (sodium,
Section 611.630).
"Methods for the Determination of Metals in
Environmental Samples", 1991, Doc. No.
PB91-231498.
"Methods for the Determination of Organic
Compounds in Finished Drinking Water and
Raw Source Water", EPA/600/4-88/039,
September, 1986, Doc. No. PB89-220461.
(For the purposes of Section 611.647 only.)
"Methods for the Determination of Organic
Compounds in Drinking Water", EPA/600/4-
88/039, December, 1988, Doc. Nos. PB89-
220461PB91-231480 and PB91-146027. (For
the purposes of Sections 611.646 and
611.648 only; including Method 515.1,
revision 5.0 and Method 525.1, revision 3.0
(May, 1991).)
42
"Microbiological Methods for Monitoring the
Environment: Water and Wastes", R. Bodner
and J. Winter, 1978. EPA-600/8-78-017,
Doc. No. PB290-329/LP.
"Procedures for Radiochemical Analysis of
Nuclear Reactor Aqueous Solutions", H.L.
Krieger and S. Gold, EPA-R4-73-014, May,
1973, Doc. No. PB222-154/7BA.
ORD Publications, CERI, EPA, Cincinnati, OH
45268:
"Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and
Wastes", March, 1983, (EPA-600/4-79-020),
for all methods referenced except methods
180.1 (turbidity, Section 611.560) and
273.1 and 273.2 (sodium, Section 611.630).
"Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and
Wastes", March, 1979, (EPA-600/4-79-020),
only for methods 180.1 (turbidity, Section
611.560) and 273.1 and 273.2 (sodium,
Section 611.630).
"Methods for the Determination of Organic
Compounds in Drinking Water", EPA/600/4-
88/039, December, 1988, Doc. Nos. PB91-
231480 and PB91-146027. (For the purposes
of Section 611.646 only.) See NTIS.
Orion Research, Inc., 529 Main St., Boston, MA
02129 800/225-1480:
Orion Guide to Water and Wastewater
Analysis, Form WeWWG/5880, p. 5.
Technicon Industrial Systems, Tarrytown, NY
10591:
"Fluoride in Water and Wastewater",
Industrial Method #129-71W, December, 1972
See 40 CFR 141.23(f)(10), footnotes 6 and
7.
"Fluoride in Water and Wastewater", #380-
75WE, February, 1976. See 40 CFR
141.23(f)(10), footnotes 6 and 7.
United States Environmental Protection Agency,
EMSL, EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268:
43
"The Analysis of Trihalomethanes in
Drinking Waters by the Purge and Trap
Method", Method 501.1. See 40 CFR 141,
Subpart C, Appendix C.
"The Analysis of Trihalomethanes in
Drinking Water by Liquid/Liquid
Extraction," Method 501.2. See 40 CFR 141,
Subpart C, Appendix C.
"Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission
Spectrometric Method for Trace Element
Analysis in Water and Wastes -- Method
200.7, with Appendix to Method 200.7"
entitled, "Inductively Coupled Plasma-
Atomic Emission Analysis of Drinking Water"
(Appendix 200.7A), March 1987 (EPA/600/4-
91/010). See 40 CFR 136, Appendix C.
"Interim Radiochemical Methodology for
Drinking Water", EPA-600/4-75-008
(Revised) March, 1976.
"Methods for the Determination of Organic
Compounds in Finished Drinking Water and
Raw Source Water"., September, 1986. (For
the purposes of Section 611.647 only). See
NTIS.
"Methods of for Chemical Analysis of Water
and Wastes". See NTIS and ORD
Publications.
Microbiological Methods for Monitoring the
Environment, Water and Wastes". See NTIS
"Procedures for Radiochemical Analysis of
Nuclear Reactor Aqueous Solutions". See
NTIS.
USEPA-OST (United States Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Science and
Technology), P.O Box 1407, Arlington, VA 22313:
"Tetra- through Octa- Chlorinated Dioxins
and Furans by Isotope Dilution".
United States Environmental Protection Agency,
Science and Technology Branch, Criteria and
Standards Division, Office of Drinking Water,
Washington D.C. 20460:
44
"Guidance Manual for Compliance with the
Filtration and Disinfection Requirements
for Public Water Systems using Surface
Water Sources", October, 1989.
USGS. United States Geological Survey, 1961
Stout St., Denver, CO 80294 303/844-4169:
Techniques of Water-Resources Investigation
of the United States Geological Survey:
Book 5, Chapter A-1, "Methods for
Determination of Inorganic Substances
in Water and Fluvial Sediments", 3d
ed., Open-File Report 85-495, 1989.
c)
The Board incorporates the following federal
regulations by reference:
40 CFR 136, Appendix B and C (1992).
40 CFR 141.22(a) (1992).
40 CFR 141.23(f)(10), footnotes 6 and 7 (1992).
40 CFR 141.24(e), footnote 6 (1992).
40 CFR 141.25(b)(2) (1992).
40 CFR 141, Subpart C, Appendix C (1992).
40 CFR 142, Subpart G (1992).
d)
This Part incorporates no futurelater amendments or
editions.
(Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
)
Section 611.110
Special Exception Permits
a)
Unless otherwise specified, each Agency
determination in this Part is to be made by way of a
written permit pursuant to Section 39(a) of the Act.
Such permit is titled a "special exception" permit
("SEP").
b)
No person shall cause or allow the violation of any
condition of a SEP.
c)
The supplier may appeal the denial of or the
conditions of a SEP to the Board pursuant to Section
45
40 of the Act.
d)
A SEP may be initiated either:
1)
By an application filed by the supplier; or
2)
By the Agency, when authorized by Board
regulations.
BOARD NOTE: The Board does not intend to
mandate by any provision of this Part that the
Agency exercise its discretion and initiate a
SEP pursuant to subsection (d)(2) above.
Rather, the Board intends to clarify by this
subsection that the Agency may opt to initiate a
SEP without receiving a request from the
supplier.
e)
The Agency shall evaluate a request for a SEP from
the monitoring requirements of Section 611.646(e)
and (f) (Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs and
Phase II VOCs), Section 611.646(d), only as to
initial monitoring for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene,
Section 611.648(a) (for Phase II, Phase IIB, and
Phase V SOCs) andor Section 611.510(a) (for
unregulated organic contaminants) on the basis of
knowledge of previous use (including transport,
storage, or disposal) of the contaminant in the
watershed or zone of influence of the system, as
determined pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 671:
1)
If the Agency determines that there was no prior
use of the contaminant, it shall grant the SEP,
or
2)
If the contaminant was previously used or the
previous use was unknown, the Agency shall
consider the following factors:
A)
Previous analytical results;
B)
The proximity of the system to any possible
point source of contamination (including
spills or leaks at or near a water
treatment facility; at manufacturing,
distribution, or storage facilities; from
hazardous and municipal waste land fills;
or from waste handling or treatment
facilities) or non-point source of
contamination (including the use of
pesticides and other land application uses
of the contaminant);
46
C)
The environmental persistence and transport
of the contaminant;
D)
How well the water source is protected
against contamination, including whether it
is a SWS or a GWS:
i)
A GWS must consider well depth, soil
type, and well casing integrity, and
wellhead protection; and
ii)
A SWS must consider watershed
protection; and
E)
For Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs
and unregulated organic contaminants
(pursuant to Section 611.631 or 611.648):
i)
Elevated nitrate levels at the water
source; and
ii)
The use of PCBs in equipment used in
the production, storage, or
distribution of water (including
pumps, transformers, etc.); and
F)
For Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs and
Phase II VOCs (pursuant to Section
611.646): the number of persons served by
the PWS and the proximity of a smaller
system to a larger one.
f)
If a supplier refuses to provide any necessary
additional information requested by the Agency, or
if a supplier delivers any necessary information
late in the Agency's deliberations on a request, the
Agency may deny the requested SEP or grant the SEP
with conditions within the time allowed by law.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (e) above is derived from 40
CFR 141.24(f)(8) and (h)(6) (1992). Subsection (f)
above is derived from 40 CFR 141.82(d)(2), and
141.83(b)(2) (1992). USEPA has reserved the
discretion, at 40 CFR 142.18 (1992), to review and
nullify Agency determinations of the types made
pursuant to Sections 611.510, 611.602, 611.603,
611.646, and 611.648 and the discretion, at 40 CFR
141.82(i), 141.83(b)(7), and 142.19 (1992), to
establish federal standards for any supplier,
superseding any Agency determination made pursuant
to Sections 611.352(d). 611.352(f), 611.353(b)(2),
47
and 611.353(b)(4).
(Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
)
Section 611.130
Special Requirements for Certain Variances
and Adjusted Standards
a)
Relief from the TTHM MCL.
1)
In granting any variance or adjusted standard to
a supplier that is a CWS that adds a
disinfectant at any part of treatment and which
provides water to 10,000 or more persons on a
regular basis from the maximum contaminant level
for TTHM listed in Section 611.310(c), the Board
will require application of the best available
technology (BAT) identified at subsection (a)(4)
below for that constituent as a condition to the
relief, unless the supplier has demonstrated
through comprehensive engineering assessments
that application of BAT is not technically
appropriate and technically feasible for that
system, or it would only result in a marginal
reduction in TTHM for that supplier.
2)
The Board will require the following as a
condition for relief from the TTHM MCL where it
does not require the application of BAT:
A)
That the supplier continue to investigate
the following methods as an alternative
means of significantly reducing the level
of TTHM, according to a definite schedule:
i)
introduction of off-line water storage
for THM precursor reduction;
ii)
aeration for TTHM reduction, where
geography and climate allow;
iii) introduction of clarification, where
not presently practiced;
iv)
use of alternative sources of raw
water; and
v)
use of ozone as an alternative or
supplemental disinfectant or oxidant,
and
B)
That the supplier report results of that
48
investigation to the Agency.
3)
The Agency shall petition the Board to
reconsider or modify a variance or adjusted
standard, pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code
101.Subpart K, if it determines that an
alternative method identified by the supplier
pursuant to subsection (a)(2) above is
technically feasible and would result in a
significant reduction in TTHM.
4)
Best available technology for TTHM reduction:
A)
use of chloramines as an alternative or
supplemental disinfectant,
B)
use of chlorine dioxide as an alternative
or supplemental disinfectant, or
C)
improved existing clarification for THM
precursor reduction.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.60
(1992). The restrictions of this
subsection do not apply to suppliers
regulated for TTHM as an additional state
requirement. See the Board Note to Section
611.301(c).
b)
Relief from the fluoride MCL.
1)
In granting any variance or adjusted standard to
a supplier that is a CWS from the maximum
contaminant level for fluoride listed in Section
611.301(b), the Board will require application
of the best available technology (BAT)
identified at subsection (b)(4) below for that
constituent as a condition to the relief, unless
the supplier has demonstrated through
comprehensive engineering assessments that
application of BAT is not technically
appropriate and technically feasible for that
supplier.
2)
The Board will require the following as a
condition for relief from the fluoride MCL where
it does not require the application of BAT:
A)
That the supplier continue to investigate
the following methods as an alternative
means of significantly reducing the level
of TTHM, according to a definite schedule:
49
i)
modification of lime softening;
ii)
alum coagulation;
iii) electrodialysis;
iv)
anion exchange resins;
v)
well field management;
vi)
use of alternative sources of raw
water; and
vii) regionalization, and
B)
That the supplier report results of that
investigation to the Agency.
3)
The Agency shall petition the Board to
reconsider or modify a variance or adjusted
standard, pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code
101.Subpart K, if it determines that an
alternative method identified by the supplier
pursuant to subsection (b)(2) above is
technically feasible and would result in a
significant reduction in fluoride.
4)
Best available technology for fluoride
reduction:
A)
activated alumina absorption centrally
applied, and
B)
reverse osmosis centrally applied.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.61
(1992).
c)
Relief from an inorganic chemical contaminant, VOC,
or SOC MCL.
1)
In granting to a supplier that is a CWS or
NTNCWS any variance or adjusted standard from
the maximum contaminant levels for any VOC or
SOC, listed in Section 611.311(a) or (c), or for
any inorganic chemical contaminant, listed in
Section 611.301, the supplier must have first
applied the best available technology (BAT)
identified at Section 611.311(b) (VOCs and SOCs)
or Section 611.301(c) (inorganic chemical
contaminants) for that constituent, unless the
50
supplier has demonstrated through comprehensive
engineering assessments that application of BAT
would achieve only a minimal and insignificant
reduction in the level of contaminant.
BOARD NOTE: USEPA lists BAT for each SOC and
VOC at 40 CFR 142.62(a) (1992), as amended at 57
Fed. Reg. 31848 (July 17, 1992), for the
purposes of variances and exemptions (adjusted
standards). That list is identical to the list
at 40 CFR 141.61(b), with three exceptions: the
section 142.62 listing adds PTA ("PAT") for
alachlor; lists OX for hexachlorobenzene,
instead of GAC; and omits PTA for toxaphene.
The Board has chosen to use the section
141.61(a) (Section 611.311) BAT listing because
we believe USEPA intended consistency and
because the preamble at 57 Fed. Reg. 31778-79
indicates that this listing is correct as to
alachlor and hexachlorobenzene (although the
preamble at 56 Fed. Reg. 3529 (Jan. 30, 1991)
indicates that it is wrong as to toxaphene).
2)
The Board may require any of the following as a
condition for relief from a MCL listed in
Section 611.301 or 611.311:
A)
That the supplier continue to investigate
alternative means of compliance according
to a definite schedule, and
B)
That the supplier report results of that
investigation to the Agency.
3)
The Agency shall petition the Board to
reconsider or modify a variance or adjusted
standard, pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code
101.Subpart K, if it determines that an
alternative method identified by the supplier
pursuant to subsection (c)(2) above is
technically feasible.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.62(a)
through (e) (1992).
d)
Conditions requiring use of bottled water or point-
of-use or point-of-entry devices. In granting any
variance or adjusted standard from the maximum
contaminant levels for organic and inorganic
chemicals or an adjusted standard from the treatment
technique for lead and copper, the Board may impose
certain conditions requiring the use of bottled
51
water, point-of-entry devices, or point-of-use
devices to avoid an unreasonable risk to health,
limited as provided in subsections (e) and (f)
below.
1)
Relief from an MCL. The Board may, when
granting any variance or adjusted standard from
the MCL requirements of Sections 611.301 and
611.311, impose a condition that requires a
supplier to use bottled water, point-of-use
devices, point-of-entry devices or other means
to avoid an unreasonable risk to health.
2)
Relief from corrosion control treatment. The
Board may, when granting an adjusted standard
from the corrosion control treatment
requirements for lead and copper of Sections
611.351 and 611.352, impose a condition that
requires a supplier to use bottled water and
point-of-use devices or other means, but not
point-of-entry devices, to avoid an unreasonable
risk to health.
3)
Relief from source water treatment or service
line replacement. The Board may, when granting
an exemption from the source water treatment and
lead service line replacement requirements for
lead and copper under Sections 611.353 or
611.354, impose a condition that requires a
supplier to use point-of-entry devices to avoid
an unreasonable risk to health.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.62(f)
(1992).
e)
Use of bottled water. Suppliers that propose to use
or use bottled water as a condition for receiving a
variance or an adjusted standard from the
requirements of Section 611.301 or Section 611.311,
or an adjusted standard from the requirements of
Sections 611.351 through 611.354 must meet the
requirements of either subsections (e)(1), (e)(2),
(e)(3), and (e)(6) or (e)(4), (e)(5) and (e)(6)
below:
1)
The supplier must develop a monitoring program
for Board approval that provides reasonable
assurances that the bottled water meets all MCLs
of Sections 611.301 and 611.311 and submit a
description of this program as part of its
petition. The proposed program must describe
how the supplier will comply with each
52
requirement of this subsection.
2)
The supplier must monitor representative samples
of the bottled water for all contaminants
regulated under Sections 611.301 and 611.311
during the first three-month period that it
supplies the bottled water to the public, and
annually thereafter.
3)
The supplier shall annually provide the results
of the monitoring program to the Agency.
4)
The supplier must receive a certification from
the bottled water company as to each of the
following:
A)
that the bottled water supplied has been
taken from an approved source of bottled
water, as such is defined in Section
611.101;
B)
that the approved source of bottled water
has conducted monitoring in accordance with
21 CFR 129.80(g)(1) through (3);
C)
and that the bottled water does not exceed
any MCLs or quality limits as set out in 21
CFR 103.35, 110, and 129.
5)
The supplier shall provide the certification
required by subsection (e)(4) above to the
Agency during the first quarter after it begins
supplying bottled water and annually thereafter.
6)
The supplier shall assure the provision of
sufficient quantities of bottled water to every
affected person supplied by the supplier via
door-to-door bottled water delivery.
Derived from 40 CFR 142.62(g) (1992).
f)
Use of point-of-entry devices. Before the Board
grants any PWS a variance or adjusted standard from
any NPDWR that includes a condition requiring the
use of a point-of-entry device, the supplier must
demonstrate to the Board each of the following:
1)
that the supplier will operate and maintain the
device;
2)
that the device provides health protection
equivalent to that provided by central
53
treatment;
3)
that the supplier will maintain the
microbiological safety of the water at all
times;
4)
that the supplier has established standards for
performance, conducted a rigorous engineering
design review, and field tested the device;
5)
that the operation and maintenance of the device
will account for any potential for increased
concentrations of heterotrophic bacteria
resulting through the use of activated carbon,
by backwashing, post-contactor disinfection, and
heterotrophic plate count monitoring;
6)
that buildings connected to the supplier's
distribution system have sufficient devices
properly installed, maintained, and monitored to
assure that all consumers are protected; and
7)
that the use of the device will not cause
increased corrosion of lead and copper bearing
materials located between the device and the tap
that could increase contaminant levels at the
tap.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.62(h)
(1992).
(Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
)
SUBPART B: FILTRATION AND DISINFECTION
Section 611.240
Disinfection
a)
A supplier that uses a surface water source and does
not provide filtration treatment shall provide the
disinfection treatment specified in Section 611.241
beginning December 30, 1991.
b)
A supplier that uses a groundwater source under the
influence of surface water and does not provide
filtration treatment shall provide disinfection
treatment specified in Section 611.241 beginning
December 30, 1991, or 18 months after the Agency
determines that the groundwater source is under the
influence of surface water, whichever is later,
unless the Agency has determined that filtration is
54
required.
c)
If the Agency determines that filtration is
required, the Agency may, by special exception
permit, require the supplier to comply with interim
disinfection requirements before filtration is
installed.
d)
A system that uses a surface water source that
provides filtration treatment shall provide the
disinfection treatment specified in Section 611.242
beginning June 29, 1993, or beginning when
filtration is installed, whichever is later.
e)
A system that uses a groundwater source under the
direct influence of surface water and provides
filtration treatment shall provide disinfection
treatment as specified in Section 611.242 by June
29, 1993 or beginning when filtration is installed,
whichever is later.
f)
Failure to meet any requirement of the following
Sections after the applicable date specified in this
Section is a treatment technique violation.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.72 preamble
(19892), as amended at 54 Fed. Reg. 27526, June 29,
1989.
g)
CWS suppliers using groundwater which is not under
the direct influence of surface water shall provide
disinfection pursuant to Section 611.241 or
611.242chlorinate the water before it enters the
distribution system, unless the Agency has granted
the supplier an exemption pursuant to Section 17(b)
of the Act.
1)
All GWS supplies that are required to chlorinate
pursuant to this Section shall maintain
residuals of free or combined chlorine at levels
sufficient to provide adequate protection of
human health and the ability of the distribution
system to continue to deliver potable water that
complies with the requirements of this Part.
2)
The Agency may establish procedures and levels
for chlorination applicable to a GWS using
groundwater which is not under the direct
influence of surface water by a SEP pursuant to
Section 610.110.
3)
Those supplies having hand-pumped wells and no
55
distribution system are exempted from the
requirements of this Section.
BOARD NOTE: This is an additional State
requirement originally codified at 35 Ill. Adm.
Code 604.401.
(Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
)
SUBPART F: MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS (MCL'S)
Section 611.300
Old MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals
a)
The old MCLs listed in subsection (b) below for
inorganic chemicals apply only to CWS suppliers.
Compliance with old MCLs for inorganic chemicals is
calculated pursuant to Section 611.612.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.11(a) (1992).
b)
The following are the old MCL's for inorganic
chemicals, with the old MCL for cyanide effective
only until the revised MCL for cyanide at Section
611.301(a) becomes effective:
Contaminant
Level, mg/L
Additional
State
Requirement
(*)
Arsenic
0.05
Cyanide
0.2
*
Iron
1.0
*
Manganese
0.15
*
Zinc
5.
*
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.11(b) & (c)
(1992). This provision, which corresponds with
40 CFR 141.11, was formerly the only listing of
MCLs for inorganic parameters. However, USEPA
added another listing of inorganic MCLs at 40
CFR 141.62 at 56 Fed. Reg. 3594 (Jan. 30, 1991).
Following the changing USEPA codification
scheme creates two listings of MCLs: one at
this Section and one at Section 611.301. This
causes fluoride to appear in both the 40 CFR
141.11(b) and 141.62(b) listings with the same
MCL. The Board has deleted the corresponding
fluoride MCL from this Section in favor of that
which appears at Section 611.301(b). USEPA
56
adopted a MCL for cyanide at 40 CFR
141.62(b)(13), effective January 17, 1994, at 57
Fed. Reg. 31847 (July 17, 1992). That MCL is
the same as that at this Section. The Board has
rendered the state MCL at this Section
ineffective on the date the new federal MCL
becomes effective.
c) The secondary old MCL for fluoride is 2.0 mg/L.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.11(c)
(1992).This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR
141.11(c), the substance of which the Board has
codified in subsection (b) above. This statement
maintains structural parity with the federal rules.
d)
Nitrate.
1)
The Board incorporates by reference 40 CFR
141.11(d) (1992). This incorporation includes
no later editions or amendments.
2)
Non-CWSs may exceed the MCL for nitrate to the
extent authorized by 40 CFR 141.11(d).under the
following circumstances:
A)
The nitrate level must not exceed 20 mg/L,
B)
The water must not be available to children
under six months of age,
C)
There will be continuous posting of the
fact that the nitrate level exceeds 10 mg/L
together with the public health effects
information set forth in paragraph (2) of
Section 611.Appendix A,
D)
The supplier will annually notify local
public health authorities and Public Health
of the nitrate levels that exceed 10 mg/L,
and
E)
No adverse public health effects result.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.11(d)
(1992). Public Health regulations may
impose a nitrate limitation requirement.
Those regulations are at 77 Ill. Adm. Code
900.50.
e)
The following supplementary condition applies to the
concentrationMCLs listed in subsection (b) above:
57
for Iiron and manganese:
1)
CWS suppliers that serve a population of 1000 or
less, or 300 service connections or less, are
exempt from the standards for iron and
manganese.
2)
The Agency may, by special exception permit,
allow iron and manganese in excess of the MCL if
sequestration tried on an experimental basis
proves to be effective. If sequestration is not
effective, positive iron or manganese reduction
treatment as applicable must be provided.
Experimental use of a sequestering agent may be
tried only if approved by special exception
permit.
BOARD NOTE: This is an additional State
requirement.
(Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
)
Section 611.301
Revised MCLs for Inorganic Chemicals
a)
This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.62(a),
reserved by USEPA. This statement maintains
structural consistency with USEPA rules.
b)
The MCLs in the following table apply to CWSs.
Except for fluoride, the MCLs also apply to NTNCWSs.
The MCLs for nitrate, nitrite and total nitrate and
nitrite also apply to transient non-CWSs. The MCLs
for antimony, beryllium, cyanide, nickel, and
thallium are effective January 17, 1994.
Contaminant
MCL
Units
Fluoride 4.0 mg/L
Antimony
0.006
mg/L
Asbestos
7
MFL
Barium
2
mg/L
Beryllium
0.004
mg/L
Cadmium
0.005
mg/L
Chromium
0.1
mg/L
Cyanide (as free CN
-
)
0.2
mg/L
Fluoride
4.0
mg/L
Mercury
0.002
mg/L
Nickel
0.1
mg/L
Nitrate (as N)
10.
mg/L
Nitrite (as N)
1.
mg/L
Total Nitrate and Nitrite10.
mg/L
58
(as N)
Selenium
0.05
mg/L
Thallium
0.002
mg/L
BOARD NOTE: See the definition of "initial
compliance period" at Section 611.101. The
federal secondary MCL for fluoride is 2.0 mg/L.
The federal regulations require public notice
when water exceeds this level. See 40 CFR 143.3
and 143.5 (1992).
c)
USEPA has identified the following as BAT for
achieving compliance with the MCL for the inorganic
contaminants identified in subsection (b) above,
except for fluoride:
Contaminant
BAT(s)
Antimony
C/F
RO
Asbestos
C/F
DDF
CC
Barium
IX
LIME
RO
ED
Beryllium
AA
C/F
IX
LIME
RO
Cadmium
C/F
IX
LIME
RO
Chromium
C/F
IX
LIME, BAT for Cr(III) only
RO
Cyanide
IX
RO
Cl
2
Mercury
C/F, BAT only if influent Hg
concentrations less than or equal
59
to (
≤
) 10
μ
g/L
GAC
LIME, BAT only if influent Hg
concentrations
≤
10
μ
g/L
RO, BAT only if influent Hg
concentrations
≤
10
μ
g/L
Nickel
IX
LIME
RO
Nitrate
IX
RO
ED
Nitrite
IX
RO
Selenium
AAL
C/F, BAT for Se(IV) only
LIME
RO
ED
Thallium
AAL
IX
Abbreviations
AAL
Activated alumina
C/F
Coagulation/filtration
DDF
Direct and diatomite filtration
GAC
Granular activated carbon
IX
Ion exchange
LIME Lime softening
RO
Reverse osmosis
CC
Corrosion control
ED
Electrodialysis
Cl
2
Oxidation (chlorine)
UV
Ultraviolet irradiation
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.62
(1992), as amended at 57 Fed. Reg. 31847
(July 17, 1992).
(Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
)
Section 611.310
Old MCLs for Organic Chemicals
The following are the MCLs for organic chemicals. The MCLs
60
for organic chemicals in subsections (a) and (b) apply to all
CWSs. Compliance with the MCLs in subsections (a) and (b) is
calculated pursuant to Section 611.641 et seq. Compliance
with the MCL for TTHM is calculated pursuant to Subpart P.
Contaminant
Level
Additional
(mg/L)
State
Requirement
(*)
a)
Chlorinated hydrocarbons:
Aldrin................ 0.001
*
DDT................... 0.05
*
Dieldrin.............. 0.001
*
Endrin................ 0.0002
Heptachlor............ 0.0001
*
Heptachlor epoxide.... 0.0001
*
BOARD NOTE: Originally Dderived from 40 CFR
141.12(a) (1991), USEPA removed the last entry
in this subsection and marked it reserved at 57
Fed. Reg. 31838 (July 17, 1992). This
provision, which corresponds with 40 CFR 141.12,
was formerly the only listing of MCLs for
organic parameters. However, USEPA added
another listing of organic MCLs at 40 CFR 141.61
(1992), as amended at 567 Fed. Reg. 359331847
(Jan. 30July 17, 19912). The USEPA codification
scheme creates two listings of MCLs: the
counterpart to one of which appears at this
Section and the other appears at Section
611.311. This also causes hHeptachlor,
heptachlor epoxide, and 2,4-D to appear in both
lists this Section and in Section 611.311, with
a different MCL in each listSection. The
heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, and 2,4-D MCLs
in this listSection are Illinois limitations
that are more stringent than the federal
requirements. However, detection of these
contaminants or violation of their federally-
derived revised Section 611.311 MCLs imposes
more stringent monitoring, reporting, and notice
requirements.
b)
Chlorophenoxys:
2,4-D................. 0.01
*
BOARD NOTE: Originally Dderived from 40 CFR
141.12(b) (1991), USEPA removed the last entry
in this subsection and marked it reserved at 56
61
Fed. Reg. 3578 (Jan. 30, 1991). See the
preceding Board Note regarding the dual listing
of MCLs for 2,4-D.
c)
TTHM....................... 0.10
*
BOARD NOTE: Derived in part from 40 CFR 141.12(c)
(1992). This is an additional State requirement to
the extent it applies to supplies other than CWSs
that add a disinfectant at any part of treatment and
which provide water to 10,000 or more individuals.
(Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
)
Section 611.311
Revised MCLs for Organic Contaminants
a)
Volatile organic chemical contaminants. The
following MCLs for volatile organic chemical
contaminants (VOCs) apply to CWS suppliers and
NTNCWS suppliers. The MCLs for dichloromethane,
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and 1,1,2-trichloroethane
are effective January 17, 1994.
CAS No.
Contaminant
MCL
(mg/L)
71-43-2
Benzene ....................... 0.005
56-23-5
Carbon tetrachloride .......... 0.005
95-50-1
o-Dichlorobenzene ............. 0.6
106-46-7
p-Dichlorobenzene ............. 0.075
107-06-2
1,2-Dichloroethane ............ 0.005
75-35-4
1,1-Dichloroethylene .......... 0.007
156-59-2
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene ...... 0.07
156-60-5
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene .... 0.1
75-09-2
Dichloromethane (methylene
chloride)0.005
78-87-5
1,2-Dichloropropane ........... 0.005
100-41-4
Ethylbenzene .................. 0.7
108-90-7
Monochlorobenzene ............. 0.1
100-42-5
Styrene ....................... 0.1
127-18-4
Tetrachloroethylene ........... 0.005
108-88-3
Toluene ....................... 1
120-82-1
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene ........ 0.07
71-55-6
1,1,1-Trichloroethane ......... 0.2
79-00-5
1,1,2-Trichloroethane ......... 0.005
79-01-6
Trichloroethylene ............. 0.005
75-01-4
Vinyl chloride ................ 0.002
1330-20-7 Xylenes (total) .............. 10
BOARD NOTE: See the definition of "initial
compliance period" at Section 611.101.
62
b)
USEPA has identified, as indicated below, granular
activated carbon (GAC), or packed tower aeration
(PTA), or oxidation (OX) as BAT for achieving
compliance with the MCLs for volatile organic
chemical contaminants and synthetic organic chemical
contaminants in subsections (a) and (c) of this
Section.
15972-60-
8
Alachlor
GAC
116-06-3
Aldicarb
GAC
1646-87-4
Aldicarb sulfone
GAC
1646-87-3
Aldicarb sulfoxide
GAC
1912-24-9
Atrazine
GAC
71-43-2
Benzene
GAC, PTA
50-32-8
Benzo[a]pyrene
GAC
1563-66-2
Carbofuran
GAC
56-23-5
Carbon tetrachloride
GAC, PTA
57-74-9
Chlordane
GAC
94-75-7
2,4-D
GAC
75-99-0
Dalapon
GAC
96-12-8
Dibromochloropropane
GAC, PTA
95-50-1
o-Dichlorobenzene
GAC, PTA
106-46-7
p-Dichlorobenzene
GAC, PTA
63
107-06-2
1,2-Dichloroethane
GAC, PTA
156-59-2
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
GAC, PTA
156-60-5
trans-1,2-Dichoroethylene
GAC, PTA
75-35-4
1,1-Dichloroethylene
GAC, PTA
75-09-2
Dichloromethane
PTA
78-87-5
1,2-Dichloropropane
GAC, PTA
103-23-1
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
GAC, PTA
117-81-7
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
GAC
88-85-7
Dinoseb
GAC
85-00-7
Diquat
GAC
145-73-3
Endothall
GAC
72-20-8
Endrin
GAC
106-93-4
Ethylene dibromide (EDB)
GAC, PTA
100-41-4
Ethylbenzene
GAC, PTA
1071-53-6
Glyphosate
OX
76-44-8
Heptachlor
GAC
1024-57-3
Heptachlor epoxide
GAC
118-74-1
Hexachlorobenzene
GAC
77-47-3
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
GAC, PTA
58-89-9
Lindane
GAC
72-43-5
Methoxychlor
GAC
108-90-7
Monochlorobenzene
GAC, PTA
23135-22-
0
Oxamyl
GAC
87-86-5
Pentachlorophenol
GAC
1918-02-1
Picloram
GAC
1336-36-3
Polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCB)
GAC
122-34-9
Simazine
GAC
100-42-5
Styrene
GAC, PTA
1746-01-6
2,3,7,8-TCDD
GAC
127-18-4
Tetrachloroethylene
GAC, PTA
108-88-3
Toluene
GAC
8001-35-2
Toxaphene
GAC
120-82-1
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
GAC, PTA
71-55-6
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
GAC, PTA
79-00-5
1,1,2-trichloroethane
GAC, PTA
79-01-6
Trichloroethylene
GAC, PTA
108-88-3
Toluene
GAC
8001-35-2
Toxaphene
GAC, PTA
93-72-1
2,4,5-TP
GAC
75-01-4
Vinyl chloride
PTA
1330-20-7
Xylene
GAC, PTA
BOARD NOTE: Examination of the preamble to the
Phase II amendments, at 56 Fed. Reg. 3529 (Jan.
30, 1991) indicates that USEPA may not have
intended the adoption of PTA for BAT for
toxaphene. The Board included it because that
is what the federal rule actually indicates.
See the Board Note to Section 611.130(c)(1).
64
c)
Synthetic organic chemical contaminants. The
following MCLs for synthetic organic chemical
contaminants (SOCs) apply to CWS and NTNCWS
suppliers. The MCLs for benzo[a]pyrene, dalapon,
di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,
dinoseb, diquat, endothall, endrin, glyphosate,
hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene, oxamyl
(vydate), picloram, simazine, and 2,3,7,8-TCDD
(dioxin) are effective January 17, 1994.
CAS
Number
Contaminant
MCL
(mg/L)
15972-60-
8
Alachlor
0.002
116-06-3
Aldicarb
0.003
1646-87-4
Aldicarb sulfone
0.002
1646-87-3
Aldicarb sulfoxide
0.004
1912-24-9
Atrazine
0.003
50-32-8
Benzo[a]pyrene
0.0002
1563-66-2
Carbofuran
0.04
57-74-9
Chlordane
0.002
94-75-7
2,4-D
0.07
75-99-0
Dalapon
0.2
96-12-8
Dibromochloropropane
0.0002
103-23-1
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
0.4
117-81-7
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
0.006
88-85-7
Dinoseb
0.007
85-00-7
Diquat
0.02
145-73-3
Endothall
0.1
72-20-8
Endrin
0.002
106-93-4
Ethylene dibromide
0.00005
1071-53-6
Glyphosate
0.7
76-44-8
Heptachlor
0.0004
1024-57-3
Heptachlor epoxide
0.0002
118-74-1
Hexachlorobenzene
0.001
77-47-4
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
0.05
58-89-9
Lindane
0.0002
72-43-5
Methoxychlor
0.04
23135-22-
0
Oxamyl (Vydate)
0.2
87-86-5
Pentachlorophenol
0.001
1918-02-1
Picloram
0.5
1336-36-3
Polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs)
0.0005
122-34-9
Simazine
0.004
1746-01-6
2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin)
0.0000000
3
8001-35-2
Toxaphene
0.003
93-72-1
2,4,5-TP
0.05
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.61 (1992),
65
as amended at 57 Fed. Reg. 31847 (July 17,
1992). See the definition of "initial
compliance period" at Section 611.101. More
stringent state MCLs for 2,4-D, heptachlor, and
heptachlor epoxide appear at Section 611.310.
See the Board Note at that provision. The
effectiveness of the MCLs for aldicarb, aldicarb
sulfone, and aldicarb sulfoxide are
administratively stayed until the Board takes
further administrative action to end this stay.
However, suppliers must monitor for these three
SOCs pursuant to Section 611.648. See 40 CFR
141.6(g) (1992) and 57 Fed. Reg. 22178 (May 27,
1992).
(Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
)
SUBPART G: LEAD AND COPPER
Section 611.356
Tap Water Monitoring for Lead and Copper
a)
Sample site location.
1)
Selecting a pool of targeted sampling sites.
A)
By the applicable date for commencement of
monitoring under subsection (d)(1) below,
each supplier shall complete a materials
evaluation of its distribution system in
order to identify a pool of targeted
sampling sites that meets the requirements
of this Section.
B)
The pool of targeted sampling sites must be
sufficiently large to ensure that the
supplier can collect the number of lead and
copper tap samples required by subsection
(c) below.
C)
The supplier shall select the sites for
collection of first draw samples from this
pool of targeted sampling sites.
D)
The supplier shall not select as sampling
sites any faucets that have point-of-use or
point-of-entry treatment devices designed
to remove or capable of removing inorganic
contaminants.
2)
Materials evaluation.
66
A)
A supplier shall use the information on
lead, copper, and galvanized steel
collected pursuant to 40 CFR 141.42(d)
(special monitoring for corrosivity
characteristics) when conducting a
materials evaluation.
B)
When an evaluation of the information
collected pursuant to 40 CFR 141.42(d) is
insufficient to locate the requisite number
of lead and copper sampling sites that meet
the targeting criteria in subsection (a)
above, the supplier shall review the
following sources of information in order
to identify a sufficient number of sampling
sites:
i)
all plumbing codes, permits, and
records in the files of the building
department(s) that indicate the
plumbing materials that are installed
within publicly- and privately-owned
structures connected to the
distribution system;
ii)
all inspections and records of the
distribution system that indicate the
material composition of the service
connections which connect a structure
to the distribution system;
iii) all existing water quality
information, which includes the
results of all prior analyses of the
system or individual structures
connected to the system, indicating
locations that may be particularly
susceptible to high lead or copper
concentrations; and
iv)
the supplier shall seek to collect
such information where possible in the
course of its normal operations (e.g.,
checking service line materials when
reading water meters or performing
maintenance activities).
3)
Tiers of sampling sites. Suppliers shall
categorize the sampling sites within their pool
according to the following tiers:
67
A)
CWS Tier 1 sampling sites. "CWS Tier 1
sampling sites" shall include the following
single-family structures:
i)
those that contain copper pipes with
lead solder installed after 1982 or
which contain lead pipes; or
ii)
those that are served by a lead
service line.
BOARD NOTE: This allows the pool of
CWS tier 1 sampling sites to consist
exclusively of structures served by
lead service lines.
B)
CWS Tier 2 sampling sites. "CWS Tier 2
sampling sites" shall include the following
buildings, including multiple-family
structures:
i)
those that contain copper pipes with
lead solder installed after 1982 or
contain lead pipes; or
ii)
those that are served by a lead
service line.
BOARD NOTE: This allows the pool of
CWS tier 2 sampling sites to consist
exclusively of structures served by
lead service lines.
C)
CWS Tier 3 sampling sites. "CWS Tier 3
sampling sites" shall include the following
single-family structures: those that
contain copper pipes with lead solder
installed before 1983.
D)
NTNCWS Tier 1 sampling sites. "NTNCWS Tier
1 sampling sites" shall include the
following buildings:
i)
those that contain copper pipes with
lead solder installed after 1982 or
which contain lead pipes; or
ii)
those that are served by a lead
service line.
BOARD NOTE: This allows the pool of
NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites to
68
consist exclusively of buildings
served by lead service lines.
E)
Alternative NTNCWS sampling sites.
"Alternative NTNCWS sampling sites" shall
include the following buildings: those
that contain copper pipes with lead solder
installed before 1983.
4)
Selection of sampling sites. Suppliers shall
select sampling sites for their sampling pool as
follows:
A)
CWS Suppliers. CWS suppliers shall use CWS
tier 1 sampling sites, except that the
supplier may include CWS tier 2 or CWS tier
3 sampling sites in its sampling pool as
follows:
i)
If multiple-family residences comprise
at least 20 percent of the structures
served by a supplier, the supplier may
use CWS tier 2 sampling sites in its
sampling pool; or
ii)
If the CWS supplier has an
insufficient number of CWS tier 1
sampling sites on its distribution
system, the supplier may use CWS tier
2 sampling sites in its sampling pool;
or
iii) If fewer than 20 percent of the
structures served by the supplier are
multiple-family residences, and the
CWS supplier has an insufficient
number of CWS tier 1 and CWS tier 2
sampling sites on its distribution
system, the supplier may complete its
sampling pool with CWS tier 3 sampling
sites.
iv)
If the supplier has an insufficient
number of CWS tier 1 sampling sites,
CWS tier 2 sampling sites, and CWS
tier 3 sampling sites, the supplier
shall use those CWS tier 1 sampling
sites, CWS tier 2 sampling sites, and
CWS tier 3 sampling sites that it has,
and the supplier shall randomly select
an additional pool of representative
sites on its distribution system for
69
the balance of its sampling sites.
B)
NTNCWS suppliers.
i)
An NTNCWS supplier shall select NTNCWS
tier 1 sampling sites for its sampling
pool, except if the NTNCWS supplier
has an insufficient number of NTNCWS
tier 1 sampling sites, the supplier
may complete its sampling pool with
alternative NTNCWS sampling sites.
ii)
If the NTNCWS supplier has an
insufficient number of NTNCWS tier 1
sampling sites and NTNCWS alternative
sampling sites, the supplier shall use
those NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites and
NTNCWS alternative sampling sites that
it has, and the supplier shall
randomly select an additional pool of
representative sites on its
distribution system for the balance of
its sampling sites.
C)
Agency submission by suppliers with an
insufficient number of CWS or NTNCWS tier 1
sampling sites.
i)
Any CWS or NTNCWS supplier whose
sampling pool does not include a
sufficient number of sites to consist
exclusively of CWS tier 1 sampling
sites or NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites,
as appropriate, shall submit a letter
to the Agency under Section
611.360(a)(2) that demonstrates why a
review of the information listed in
subsection (a)(2) above was inadequate
to locate a sufficient number of CWS
tier 1 sampling sites or NTNCWS tier 1
sampling sites.
ii)
Any CWS supplier that wants to include
CWS tier 3 sampling sites in its
sampling pool shall demonstrate in a
letter to the Agency why it was unable
to locate a sufficient number of CWS
tier 1 sampling sites and CWS tier 2
sampling sites.
iii) If the Agency determines, based on the
information submitted pursuant to
70
subsection (a)(4)(C)(i) or
(a)(4)(C)(ii) above, that either the
information was inadequate to locate a
sufficient number of CWS tier 1
sampling sites or NTNCWS tier 1
sampling sites, or that the supplier
was unable to locate a sufficient
number of CWS tier 1 sampling sites
and CWS tier 2 sampling sites, the
Agency shall issue a SEP to the
supplier pursuant to Section 611.110
that allows it to use CWS tier 2
sampling sites, NTNCWS tier 2 sampling
sites, or CWS tier 3 sampling sites,
as appropriate.
D)
Suppliers with lead service lines. Any
supplier whose distribution system contains
lead service lines shall draw samples
during each six-month monitoring period
from sampling sites as follows:
i)
50 percent of the samples from
sampling sites that contain lead pipes
or from sampling sites that have
copper pipes with lead solder, and
ii)
50 percent of those samples from sites
served by a lead service line.
iii) A supplier that cannot identify a
sufficient number of sampling sites
served by a lead service line shall
demonstrate in a letter to the Agency
under Section 611.360(a)(4) that it
was unable to locate a sufficient
number of such sites.
iv)
If the Agency determines, based on the
information submitted pursuant to
subsection (a)(4)(D)(iii) above, that
a supplier that cannot identify a
sufficient number of sampling sites
served by a lead service line, the
Agency shall issue a SEP to the
supplier pursuant to Section 611.110
that allows it to collect first draw
samples from all of the sites on its
distribution system identified as
being served by such lines.
BOARD NOTE: This allows the pool of
71
sampling sites to consist exclusively
of structures or buildings served by
lead service lines.
b)
Sample collection methods.
1)
All tap samples for lead and copper collected in
accordance with this Subpart, with the exception
of lead service line samples collected under
Section 611.354(c), shall be first-draw samples.
2)
First-draw tap samples.
A)
Each first-draw tap sample for lead and
copper shall be one liter in volume and
have stood motionless in the plumbing
system of each sampling site for at least
six hours.
B)
First-draw samples from residential housing
shall be collected from the cold water
kitchen tap or bathroom sink tap.
C)
First-draw samples from a non-residential
building shall be collected at an interior
tap from which water is typically drawn for
consumption.
D)
First-draw samples may be collected by the
supplier or the supplier may allow
residents to collect first-draw samples
after instructing the residents of the
sampling procedures specified in this
subsection.
i)
To avoid problems of residents
handling nitric acid, acidification of
first-draw samples may be done up to
14 days after the sample is collected.
ii)
If the first-draw sample is not
acidified immediately after
collection, then the sample must stand
in the original container for at least
28 hours after acidification.
E)
If a supplier allows residents to perform
sampling under subsection (b)(2)(D) above,
the supplier may not challenge the accuracy
of sampling results based on alleged errors
in sample collection.
72
3)
Service line samples.
A)
Each service line sample shall be one liter
in volume and have stood motionless in the
lead service line for at least six hours.
B)
Lead service line samples shall be
collected in one of the following three
ways:
i)
at the tap after flushing that volume
of water calculated as being between
the tap and the lead service line
based on the interior diameter and
length of the pipe between the tap and
the lead service line;
ii)
tapping directly into the lead service
line; or
iii) if the sampling site is a single-
family structure, allowing the water
to run until there is a significant
change in temperature that would be
indicative of water that has been
standing in the lead service line.
4)
Follow-up first-draw tap samples.
A)
A supplier shall collect each follow-up
first-draw tap sample from the same
sampling site from which it collected the
previous sample(s).
B)
If, for any reason, the supplier cannot
gain entry to a sampling site in order to
collect a follow-up tap sample, the
supplier may collect the follow-up tap
sample from another sampling site in its
sampling pool, as long as the new site
meets the same targeting criteria and is
within reasonable proximity of the original
site.
c)
Number of samples
1)
Suppliers shall collect at least one sample from
the number of sites listed in the first column
of Section 611.Table D (labelled "standard
monitoring") during each six-month monitoring
period specified in subsection (d) below.
73
2)
A supplier conducting reduced monitoring
pursuant to subsection (d)(4) below may collect
one sample from the number of sites specified in
the second column of Section 611.Table D
(labelled "reduced monitoring") during each
reduced monitoring period specified in
subsection (d)(4) below.
d)
Timing of monitoring
1)
Initial tap sampling.
The first six-month monitoring period for small,
medium-sized and large system suppliers shall
begin on the dates specified in Section
611.Table F.
A)
All large system suppliers shall monitor
during each of two consecutive six-month
periods.
B)
All small and medium-sized system suppliers
shall monitor during each consecutive six-
month monitoring period until:
i)
the supplier exceeds the lead action
level or the copper action level and
is therefore required to implement the
corrosion control treatment
requirements under Section 611.351, in
which case the supplier shall continue
monitoring in accordance with
subsection (d)(2) below, or
ii)
the supplier meets the lead action
level and the copper action level
during each of two consecutive six-
month monitoring periods, in which
case the supplier may reduce
monitoring in accordance with
subsection (d)(4) below.
2)
Monitoring after installation of corrosion
control and source water treatment.
A)
Any large system supplier that installs
optimal corrosion control treatment
pursuant to Section 611.351(d)(4) shall
monitor during each of two consecutive six-
month monitoring periods before the date
specified in Section 611.351(d)(5).
74
B)
Any small or medium-sized system supplier
that installs optimal corrosion control
treatment pursuant to Section 611.351(e)(5)
shall monitor during each of two
consecutive six-month monitoring periods
before the date specified in Section
611.351(e)(6).
C)
Any supplier that installs source water
treatment pursuant to Section 611.353(a)(3)
shall monitor during each of two
consecutive six-month monitoring periods
before the date specified in Section
611.353(a)(4).
3)
Monitoring after the Agency specification of
water quality parameter values for optimal
corrosion control.
After the Agency specifies the values for water
quality control parameters pursuant to Section
611.352(f), the supplier shall monitor during
each subsequent six-month monitoring period,
with the first six-month monitoring period to
begin on the date the Agency specifies the
optimal values.
4)
Reduced monitoring.
A)
Reduction to annual for small and medium-
sized system suppliers meeting the lead and
copper action levels. A small or medium-
sized system supplier that meets the lead
and copper action levels during each of two
consecutive six-month monitoring periods
may reduce the number of samples in
accordance with subsection (c) above, and
reduce the frequency of sampling to once
per year.
B)
SEP allowing reduction to annual for
suppliers maintaining water quality control
parameters.
i)
The Agency shall, by a SEP granted
pursuant to Section 611.110, allow any
supplier to reduce the frequency of
monitoring to annual and the number of
lead and copper samples to that
specified by subsection (c) above if
it determines that a supplier has,
during each of two consecutive six-
75
month monitoring periods, maintained
the range of values for the water
quality control parameters specified
pursuant to Section 611.352(f) as
reflecting optimal corrosion control
treatment.
ii)
Any supplier may request a SEP if it
concurrently provides the Agency with
the information necessary to support a
determination under subsection
(d)(4)(B)(i) above.
iii) The Agency shall set forth the basis
for its determination under subsection
(d)(4)(B)(i) above.
iv)
The Agency shall, by a SEP issued
pursuant to Section 611.110, review,
and where appropriate, revise its
subsection (d)(4)(B)(i) above
determination when the supplier
submits new monitoring or treatment
data, or when other data relevant to
the number and frequency of tap
sampling becomes available to the
Agency.
C)
Reduction to triennial for small and
medium-sized system suppliers.
i)
Small and medium-sized system
suppliers meeting lead and copper
action levels. A small or medium-
sized system supplier that meets the
lead and copper action levels during
three consecutive years of monitoring
may reduce the frequency of monitoring
for lead and copper from annually to
once every three years.
ii)
SEP for suppliers meeting optimal
corrosion control treatment. The
Agency shall, by a SEP granted
pursuant to Section 611.110, allow a
supplier to reduce its monitoring
frequency from annual to triennial if
it determines that the supplier,
during each of three consecutive years
of monitoring, has maintained the
range of values for the water quality
control parameters specified as
76
representing optimal corrosion control
treatment pursuant to Section
611.352(f). Any supplier may request
a SEP if it concurrently provides the
Agency with the information necessary
to support a determination under this
subsection. The Agency shall set
forth the basis for its determination.
The Agency shall, by a SEP issued
pursuant to Section 611.110, review,
and where appropriate, revise its
determination when the supplier
submits new monitoring or treatment
data, or when other data relevant to
the number and frequency of tap
sampling becomes available to the
Agency.
D)
Sampling at a reduced frequency. A
supplier that reduces the number and
frequency of sampling shall collect these
samples from sites included in the pool of
targeted sampling sites identified in
subsection (a) above, preferentially
selecting those sampling sites from the
higest tier first. Suppliers sampling
annually or less frequently shall conduct
the lead and copper tap sampling during the
months of June, July, August, or September.
E)
Resumption of standard monitoring.
i)
Small or medium-sized suppliers
exceeding lead or copper action level.
A small or medium-sized system
supplier subject to reduced monitoring
that exceeds the lead action level or
the copper action level shall resume
sampling in accordance subsection
(d)(3) above and collect the number of
samples specified for standard
monitoring under subsection (c) above.
Such a supplier shall also conduct
water quality parameter monitoring in
accordance with Section 611.357 (b),
(c), or (d) (as appropriate) during
the six-month monitoring period in
which it exceeded the action level.
ii)
Suppliers failing to operate within
water quality control parameters. Any
supplier subject to reduced monitoring
77
frequency that fails to operate within
the range of values for the water
quality control parameters specified
pursuant to Section 611.352(f) shall
resume tap water sampling in
accordance with subsection (d)(3)
above and collect the number of
samples specified for standard
monitoring under subsection (c) above.
e)
Additional monitoring. The results of any
monitoring conducted in addition to the minimum
requirements of this section shall be considered by
the supplier and the Agency in making any
determinations (i.e., calculating the 90th
percentile lead action level or the copper level)
under this Subpart.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.86 (1992).
(Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
)
Section 611.359
Analytical Methods
a)
Analyses for lead, copper, pH, conductivity,
calcium, alkalinity, orthophosphate, silica, and
temperature shall be conducted using the methods set
forth in subsection (b) below.
1)
Analyses performed for the purposes of
compliance with this Subpart shall only be
conducted by laboratories that have been
certified by USEPA or the Agency. To obtain
certification to conduct analyses for lead and
copper, laboratories must:
A)
Analyze performance evaluation samples that
include lead and copper provided by USEPA
Environmental Monitoring and Support
Laboratory or equivalent samples provided
by the Agency; and
B)
Achieve quantitative acceptance limits as
follows:
i)
Lead: ±30 percent of the actual amount
in the performance evaluation sample
when the actual amount is greater than
or equal to 0.005 mg/L, and
ii)
Copper: ±10 percent of the actual
78
amount in the performance evaluation
sample when the actual amount is
greater than or equal to 0.050 mg/L;
iii) Achieve the method detection limits
(MDLs) defined in Section 611.350(a)
according to the procedures in 35 Ill.
Adm. Code 183 and 40 CFR 136, Appendix
B: "Definition and Procedure for the
Determination of the Method Detection
Limit--Revision 1.11"; and
iv)
Be currently certified by USEPA or the
Agency to perform analyses to the
specifications described in subsection
(a)(2) below.
2)
The Agency shall, by a SEP issued pursuant to
Section 611.110, allow a supplier to use
previously collected monitoring data for the
purposes of monitoring under this Subpart if the
data were collected and analyzed in accordance
with the requirements of this Subpart.
3)
Reporting lead levels.
A)
All lead levels greater than or equal to
the lead PQL (Pb
≥
0.005 mg/L) must be
reported as measured.
B)
All lead levels measured less than the PQL
and greater than the MDL (0.005 mg/L > Pb >
MDL) must be either reported as measured or
as one-half the PQL (0.0025 mg/L).
C)
All lead levels below the lead MDL (MDL >
Pb) must be reported as zero.
4)
Reporting copper levels.
A)
All copper levels greater than or equal to
the copper PQL (Cu
≥
0.05 mg/L) must be
reported as measured.
B)
All copper levels measured less than the
PQL and greater than the MDL (0.05 mg/L >
Cu > MDL) must be either reported as
measured or as one-half the PQL (0.025
mg/L).
C)
All copper levels below the copper MDL (MDL
79
> Cu) must be reported as zero.
b)
Analytical methods.
1)
Lead
A)
Atomic absorption, furnace technique:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
239.2,
ii)
ASTM Methods: Method D3559-85D, or
iii) Standard Methods: Method 3113;
B)
Inductively-coupled plasma, mass
spectrometry: ICP-MS Method 200.8; or
C)
Atomic absorption, platform furnace
technique: AA-Platform Furnace Method
200.9.
D)
For analyzing lead and copper, the
technique applicable to total metals must
be used and sampless cannot be filtered.
Samples that contain less than 1 NTU and
which are properly preserved (concentrated
nitric acid to pH less than 2) may be
analyzed directly (without digestion) for
total metals; otherwise digestion is
required. Turbidity must be measured on
the preserved samples just prior to when
metal analysis is initiated. When
disgestion is required, the "total
recoverable" technique, as defined in the
method, must be used.
2)
Copper
A)
Atomic absorption, furnace technique:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
220.2,
ii)
ASTM Methods: Method D1688-90C, or
iii) Standard Methods: Method 3113;
B)
Atomic absorption, direct aspiration:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
220.1,
80
ii)
ASTM Methods: Method D1688-90A, or
iii) Standard Methods: Method 3111-B;
C)
Inductively-coupled plasma:
i)
ICP Method 200.7, Rev. 3.2, or
ii)
Standard Methods: Method 3120;
D)
Inductively-coupled plasma; mass
spectrometry: ICP-MS Method 200.8; or
E)
Atomic absorption; platform furnace
technique: AA-Platform Furnace Method
200.9.
F)
Subsection (b)(1)(D) above applies to
analyses for copper.
3)
pH: Electrometric:
A)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method 150.1 or
150.2,
B)
ASTM Methods: Method D1293-84B, or
C)
Standard Methods: Method 4500-H
+
.
4)
Conductivity: Conductance:
A)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method 120.1,
B)
ASTM Methods: Method D1125-82B, or
C)
Standard Methods: Method 2510.
5)
Calcium:
A)
EDTA titrimetric:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
215.2,
ii)
ASTM Methods: Method D511-88A, or
iii) Standard Methods: Method 3500-Ca D;
B)
Atomic absorption; direct aspiration:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
81
215.1,
ii)
ASTM Methods: Method D511-88B, or
iii) Standard Methods: Method 3111-B; or
C)
Inductively-coupled plasma:
i)
ICP Method 200.7, Rev 3.2, or
ii)
Standard Methods: Method 3120.
6)
Alkalinity:
A)
Titrimetric:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
310.1,
ii)
ASTM Methods: Method D1067-88B, or
iii) Standard Methods: Method 2320; or
B)
Electrometric titration: USGS Methods:
Method I-1030-85.
7)
Orthophosphate:
A)
Unfiltered, no digestion or hydrolysis:
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method 365.1;
B)
Colorimetric, automated, ascorbic acid:
Standard Methods: Method 4500-P F;
C)
Colorimetric, ascorbic acid, two reagent;
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
365.3, or
ii)
Standard Methods: Method 4500-P E;
D)
Colorimetric, ascorbic acid, single
reagent:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
365.2, or
ii)
ASTM Methods: Method D515-88A;
E)
Colorimetric, phosphomolybdate, automated-
segmented flow or automated discrete: USGS
Methods: Methods I-1601-85, I-2601-85, or
82
I-2598-85.
F)
Ion Chromatography:
i)
Ion Chromatography Method 300.0,
ii)
ASTM Methods: Method D4327-88, or
iii) Standard Methods: Method 4110.
8)
Silica:
A)
Colorimetric, molybdate blue, automated-
segmented flow; USGS Methods: Methods I-
1700-85 or I-2700-85;
B)
Colorimetric:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
370.1, or
ii)
ASTM Methods: Method D859-88;
C)
Molybdosilicate: Standard Methods: Method
4500-Si-D;
D)
Heteropoly blue: Standard Methods: Method
4500-Si-E;
E)
Automated method for molybdate-reactive
silica: Standard Methods: Method 4500-Si-
F; or
F)
Inductively-coupled plasma:
i)
ICP Method 200.7, Rev. 3.2, or
ii)
Standard Methods: Method 3120.
9)
Temperature: Thermometric: Standard Methods:
Method 2550.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.89 (1992),
as amended at 57 Fed. Reg. 31847 (July 17,
1992).
(Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
)
Section 611.360
Reporting
A supplier shall report all of the following information to
83
the Agency in accordance with this Section.
a)
Reporting for tap, lead and copper, and water
quality parameter monitoring.
1)
A supplier shall report the following
information for all samples within 10 days of
the end of each applicable sampling period
specified in Sections 611.356 through 611.358
(i.e., every six-months, annually, every 3
years, or every nine years).
A)
the results of all tap samples for lead and
copper, including the location of each site
and the criteria under Section
611.356(a)(3) through (7) under which the
site was selected for the supplier's
sampling pool;
B)
a certification that each first-draw sample
collected by the supplier was one-liter in
volume and, to the best of the supplier's
knowledge, had stood motionless in the
service line, or in the interior plumbing
of a sampling site, for at least six hours;
C)
where residents collected samples, a
certification that each tap sample
collected by the residents was taken after
the supplier informed them of the proper
sampling procedures specified in Section
611.356(b)(2);
D)
the 90th percentile lead and copper
concentrations measured from among all lead
and copper tap samples collected during
each sampling period (calculated in
accordance with Section 611.350(c)(3));
E)
with the exception of initial tap sampling
conducted pursuant to Section
611.356(d)(1), the supplier shall designate
any site that was not sampled during
previous sampling periods, and include an
explanation of why sampling sites have
changed;
F)
the results of all tap samples for pH, and
where applicable, alkalinity, calcium,
conductivity, temperature, and
orthophosphate or silica collected pursuant
to Section 611.357(b) through (e);
84
G)
the results of all samples collected at
entry point(s) for applicable water quality
parameters pursuant to Section 611.357(b)
through (e).
2)
By the applicable date in Section 611.356(d)(1)
for commencement of monitoring, each CWS
supplier that does not complete its targeted
sampling pool with CWS tier 1 sampling sites
meeting the requirements of Section
611.356(a)(4)(A) shall send a letter to the
Agency justifying its selection of CWS tier 2
sampling sites or CWS tier 3 sampling sites
pursuant to Section 611.356 (a)(4)(A)(ii),
(a)(4)(A)(iii), or (a)(4)(A)(iv).
3)
By the applicable date in Section 611.356(d)(1)
for commencement of monitoring, each NTNCWS
supplier that does not complete its sampling
pool with NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites meeting
the requirements of Section 611.356(a)(4)(B)
shall send a letter to the Agency justifying its
selection of alternative NTNCWS sampling sites
pursuant to that Section.
4)
By the applicable date in Section 611.356(d)(1)
for commencement of monitoring, each supplier
with lead service lines that is not able to
locate the number of sites served by such lines
required by Section 611.356(a)(4)(D) shall send
a letter to the Agency demonstrating why it was
unable to locate a sufficient number of such
sites based upon the information listed in
Section 611.356(a)(2).
5)
Each supplier that requests that the Agency
grant a SEP that reduces the number and
frequency of sampling shall provide the
information required by Section 611.356(d)(4).
b)
Reporting for source water monitoring.
1)
A supplier shall report the sampling results for
all source water samples collected in accordance
with Section 611.358 within 10 days of the end
of each source water sampling period (i.e.,
annually, per compliance period, per compliance
cycle) specified in Section 611.358.
2)
With the exception of the first round of source
water sampling conducted pursuant to Section
85
611.358(b), a supplier shall specify any site
that was not sampled during previous sampling
periods, and include an explanation of why the
sampling point has changed.
c)
Reporting for corrosion control treatment.
By the applicable dates under Section 611.351, a
supplier shall report the following information:
1)
for a supplier demonstrating that it has already
optimized corrosion control, the information
required by Section 611.352(b)(2) or (b)(3).
2)
for a supplier required to optimize corrosion
control, its recommendation regarding optimal
corrosion control treatment pursuant to Section
611.352(a).
3)
for a supplier required to evaluate the
effectiveness of corrosion control treatments
pursuant to Section 611.352(c), the information
required by Section 611.352(c).
4)
for a supplier required to install optimal
corrosion control approved by the Agency
pursuant to Section 611.352(d), a copy of the
Agency permit letter, which acts as
certification that the supplier has completed
installing the permitted treatment.
d)
Reporting for source water treatment. On or before
the applicable dates in Section 611.353, a supplier
shall provide the following information to the
Agency:
1)
if required by Section 611.353(b)(1), its
recommendation regarding source water treatment;
or
2)
for suppliers required to install source water
treatment pursuant to Section 611.353(b)(2), a
copy of the Agency permit letter, which acts as
certification that the supplier has completed
installing the treatment approved by the Agency
within 24 months after the Agency approved the
treatment.
e)
Reporting for lead service line replacement. A
supplier shall report the following information to
the Agency to demonstrate compliance with the
requirements of Section 611.354:
86
1)
Within 12 months after a supplier exceeds the
lead action level in sampling referred to in
Section 611.354(a), the supplier shall report
each of the following to the Agency in writing:
A)
a demonstration that it has conducted a
materials evaluation, including the
evaluation required by Section 611.356(a),
B)
identify the initial number of lead service
lines in its distribution system, and
C)
provide the Agency with the supplier's
schedule for annually replacing at least 7
percent of the initial number of lead
service lines in its distribution system.
2)
Within 12 months after a supplier exceeds the
lead action level in sampling referred to in
Section 611.354(a), and every 12 months
thereafter, the supplier shall demonstrate to
the Agency in writing that the supplier has
either:
A)
replaced in the previous 12 months at least
7 percent of the initial number of lead
service lines in its distribution system
(or any greater number of lines specified
by the Agency pursuant to Section
611.354(f)), or
B)
conducted sampling that demonstrates that
the lead concentration in all service line
samples from an individual line(s), taken
pursuant to Section 611.356(b)(3), is less
than or equal to 0.015 mg/L.
C)
Where the supplier makes a demonstration
under subsection (e)(2)(B) above, the total
number of lines that the supplier has
replaced, combined with the total number
that meet the criteria of Section
611.354(b), shall equal at least 7 percent
of the initial number of lead lines
identified pursuant to subsection (a) above
(or the percentage specified by the Agency
pursuant to Section 611.354(f)).
3)
The annual letter submitted to the Agency
pursuant to subsection (e)(2) above shall
contain the following information:
87
A)
the number of lead service lines originally
scheduled to be replaced during the
previous year of the supplier's replacement
schedule;
B)
the number and location of each lead
service line actually replaced during the
previous year of the supplier's replacement
schedule; and
C)
if measured, the water lead concentration
from each lead service line sampled
pursuant to Section 611.356(b)(3) and the
location of each lead service line sampled,
the sampling method used, and the date of
sampling.
4)
As soon as practicable, but no later than three
months after a supplier exceeds the lead action
level in the sampling referred to in Section
611.354(a), any supplier seeking to rebut the
presumption that it has control over the entire
lead service line pursuant to Section 611.354(d)
shall submit a letter to the Agency describing
the following:
A)
the legal authority (e.g., state statutes,
municipal ordinances, public service
contracts or other applicable legal
authority) that limits the supplier's
control over the service lines; and
B)
the extent of the supplier's control over
the service lines.
BOARD NOTE: This communication is vital to
a supplier seeking to replace less than
entire service lines. Under Section
611.354(e)(1), a supplier is presumed to
control the entire service line unless it
makes an affirmative showing. Under
Section 611.354(d)(2)(A), a supplier is
affirmatively required to replace all of
each service line except as to any
particular service line for which the
Agency has made an affirmative
determination that the supplier does not
control in its entirety. Under Sections
611.354(b)(1) and (b)(4), the supplier must
have completed replacing seven percent of
the lead service lines within a year of the
88
day of the event that triggered the
requirement. Section 39(a) of the Act
allows the Agency 90 days to render its
decision on any permit request. Therefore,
any supplier that desires an Agency
determination pursuant to Section
611.354(e)(2) must submit the required
infomation within the three month time-
frame of this subsection.
f)
Reporting for public education program.
1)
By December 31st of each calendar year, any
supplier that is subject to the public education
requirements of Section 611.355 shall submit a
letter to the Agency demonstrating that the
supplier has delivered the public education
materials which meet the following requirements:
A)
the content requirements of Section
611.355(a) and (b), and
B)
the delivery requirements of Section
611.355(c).
2)
The information submitted pursuant to this
subsection shall include a list of all the
newspapers, radio stations, television stations,
facilities and organizations to which the
supplier delivered public education materials
during the previous year.
3)
The supplier shall submit the letter required by
this subsection annually for as long as it
continues to exceed the lead action level.
g)
Reporting additional monitoring data. Any supplier
that collects sampling data in addition to that
required by this Subpart shall report the results of
that sampling to the Agency on or before the end of
the applicable sampling period(s) specified by
Sections 611.356 through 611.358 during which the
samples are collected.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.90 (1992).
(Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
)
SUBPART K: GENERAL MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
89
Section 611.510 Special Monitoring for Unregulated
Contaminants
a)
Monitoring for Phase I unregulated contaminants.
1)
All CWS and NTNCWS suppliers shall begin
monitoring for the contaminants listed in
subsection (a)(5) no later than the the
following dates:
A)
Less than 3300 persons served: January 1,
1991.
B)
3300 to 10,000 persons served: January 1,
1989.
C)
More than 10,000 persons served: January
1, 1988.
2)
SWS and mixed system suppliers shall sample at
points in the distribution system representative
of each water source or at entry points to the
distribution system after any applicaiton of
treatment. The minimum number of samples is one
year of quarterly samples per water source.
3)
GWS suppliers shall sample at points of entry to
the distribution system representative of each
well after any application of treatment. The
minimum number of samples is one sample per
entry point to the distribution system.
4)
The Agency may issue a SEP pursuant to Section
610.110 to require a supplier to use a confirma-
tion sample for results that it finds dubious
for whatever reason. The Agency must state its
reasons for issuing the SEP if the SEP is
Agency-initiated.
5)
List of Phase I unregulated chemical
contaminants:
Bromobenzene
Bromodichloromethane
Bromoform
Bromomethane
Chlorobenzene
Chlorodibromomethane
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
o-Chlorotoluene
90
p-Chlorotoluene
m-Dichlorobenzene
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,3-Dichloropropane
2,2-Dichloropropane
1,1-Dichloropropene
1,3-Dichloropropene
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
6)
This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR
141.40(f), reserved by USEPA. This statement
maintains structural consistency with USEPA
rules.
7)
Analyses performed pursuant to subsection (a)
shall be conducted using the following USEPA
Organic Methods: 502.1, 503.1, 524.1, 524.2, or
502.2.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (b) derived from 40 CFR
141.40(a) through (m) (1992), as amended at 57
Fed. Reg. 31845 (July 17, 1992). The Board
has adopted no counterpart to 40 CFR 40 CFR
141.40(h), which the Board has codified at
subsection (c) below; 141.40(i), which pertains
to the ability of suppliers to grandfather data
up until a date long since expired; 141.41(j),
an optional USEPA provision relating to
monitoring 15 additional contaminants that USEPA
does not require for state programs; 141.40(k),
which pertains to notice to the Agency by
smaller suppliers up until a date long since
expired in lieu of sampling; 141.40(l), which
the Board has adopted at subsection (d) below;
and 141.40(m), an optional provision that
pertains to composite sampling. Otherwise, the
structure of this Section directly corresponds
with 40 CFR 141.40(a) through (m) (1992)
b)
Monitoring for Phase V unregulated contaminants.
Monitoring of the unregulated inorganic contaminants
listed in subsection (kb)(11) below and the
unregulated inorganic contaminants listed in
subsection (lb)(12) below shall be conducted as
follows:
a1)
Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier shall take four
consecutive quarterly samples at each sampling
point for each contaminant listed in subsection
(kb)(11) below and report the results to the
91
Agency. Monitoring must be completed by
December 31, 1995.
b2)
Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier shall take one
sample at each sampling point for each
contaminant listed in subsection (kb)(12) below
and report the results to the Agency.
Monitoring must be completed by December 31,
1995.
c3)
Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier may apply to the
Agency for a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110
that releases it from any of the requirements of
subsections (ab)(1) and (b)(2) above.
d4)
The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to Section
611.110 as follows:
1A)
From any requirement of subsection (ab)(1)
above based on consideration of the factors
set forth at Section 611.110(e), and
2B)
From any requirement of subsection (b)(2)
above if previous analytical results
indicate contamination would not occur,
provided this data was collected after
January 1, 1990.
e5)
A GWS supplier shall take a minimum of one
sample at every entry point to the distribution
system that is representative of each well after
treatment ("sampling point").
f6)
A SWS or mixed system supplier shall take a
minimum of one sample at points in the
distribution system that are representative of
each source or at each entry point to the system
after treatment ("sampling point").
g7)
If the system draws water from more than one
source and sources are combined before
distribution, the supplier shall sample at an
entry point during periods of normal operating
conditions (when water representative of all
sources is being used).
h8)
The Agency may issue a SEP pursuant to Section
610.110 to require a supplier to use a confirma-
tion sample for results that it finds dubious
for whatever reason. The Agency must state its
reasons for issuing the SEP if the SEP is
Agency-initiated.
92
i9)
Suppliers shall take samples at the same
sampling point unless the Agency has granted a
SEP allowing another sampling point because
conditions make another sampling point more
representative of the water from each source or
treatment plant.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (ib)(9) above
corresponds with duplicate segments of 40 CFR
141.40(n)(5) and (n)(6) (19912), which
correspond with subsections (eb)(5) and (fb)(6)
above. The Board has adopted no counterpart to
40 CFR 141.40(n)(9), an optional provision that
pertains to composite sampling. Otherwise, the
structure of this Section directly corresponds
with 40 CFR 141.40(n) (19912).
j10) Instead of performing the monitoring required by
this Ssubsection, a CWS and NTNCWS supplier
serving fewer than 150 service connections may
send a letter to the Agency stating that the PWS
is available for sampling. This letter must be
sent to the Agency by January 1, 1994. The
supplier shall not send such samples to the
Agency, unless requested to do so by the Agency.
k11) List of Phase V unregulated organic contaminants
with methods required for analysis:
Contaminant
USEPA Organic
Methods
93
Aldrin
505, 508, 525
Benzo(a)pyrene
525, 550, 550.1
Butachlor
507, 525
Carbaryl
531.1
Dalapon
515.1
Di(2-ethylhexyl)-
adipate
506, 525
Di(2-ethylhexyl)-
phthalates
506, 525
Dicamba
515.1
Dieldrin
505, 508, 525
Dinoseb
515.1
Diquat
549
Endothall
548
Glyphosate
547
Hexachlorobenzene
505, 508, 525
Hexachlorocyclo-
pentadiene
505, 525
3-Hydroxycarbofuran
531.1
Methomyl
531.1
Metolachlor
507, 525
Metribuzin
507, 508, 525
Oxamyl (vydate)
531.1
Picloram
515.1
Propachlor
507, 525
Simazine
505, 507, 525
2,3,7,8-TCDD
(Dioxin)
513
l12) List of unregulated inorganic contaminants:
Contaminant
USEPA Inorganic Methods
Antimony Graphite Furnace Atomic
Absorption; Inductively
Coupled Plasma
Beryllium Graphite Furnace Atomic
Absorption; Inductively
Coupled Mass Spectrometry
Plasma; Spectrophotometric
Nickel Atomic Absorption;
Inductively Coupled Plasma;
Graphite Furnace Atomic
Absorption
Sulfate
Colorimetric
Thallium Graphite Furnace Atomic
Absorption; Inductively
Coupled Mass Spectrometry
Plasma
Cyanide Spectrophotometric
BOARD NOTE: DSubsection (b) derived from
94
40 CFR 141.40(n) (19912), as amended at 57
Fed. Reg. 31846 (July 17, 1992).
c)
Analyses performed pursuant to this Section must be
conducted by a laboratory approved pursuant to
Section 611.646(q).
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (c) derived from 40 CFR
141.40 (h) (1992), as amended at 57 Fed. Reg. 31846
(July 17, 1992).
d)
All CWS and NTNCWS suppliers shall repeat the
monitoring required by this Section no less
frequently than every five years, starting from the
dates specified in subsections (a)(1) and (b)(2)
above.
BOARD NOTE: Subsection (d) derived from 40 CFR
141.40 (l) (1992).
(Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
)
SUBPART N: INORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section 611.600
Applicability
The following types of suppliers shall conduct monitoring to
determine compliance with the old MCLs in Section 611.300 and
the revised MCLs in 611.301, as appropriate, in accordance
with this Subpart:
a)
CWS suppliers.
b)
NTNCWS suppliers.
c)
Transient non-CWS suppliers to determine compliance
with the nitrate and nitrite MCLs.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23 (preamble)
(1991).
d)
Detection limits. The following are detection
limits for purposes of this Subpart (MCLs from
Section 611.301 are set forth for information
purposes only):
Contaminant
MCL
(mg/L,
except
Method
Detec-
tion
Limit
(mg/L)
95
asbestos)
Antimony
0.006
Atomic absorption-
furnace technique
0.003
Atomic absorption-
furnace technique
(stabilized
temperature)
0.0008
Inductively-coupled
plasma-Mass spectro-
metry
0.0004
Atomic absorption-
gaseous hydride tech-
nique
0.001
Asbestos
7 MFL
Transmission Eelectron
Mmicroscopy
0.01
MFL
Barium
2
Atomic Aabsorption;-
furnace technique
0.002
Atomic Aabsorption;-
direct aspiration
technique
0.1
Inductively C-coupled
Pplasma arc furnace
0.002
Inductively C-coupled
Pplasma; U(using
concentration
technique in Section
611.Aappendix 200.7A
to USEPA Inorganic
Method 200.7).
0.001
Beryllium
0.004
Atomic absorption-
furnace technique
0.0002
Atomic absorption-
furnace technique
(stabilized temper-
ature)
0.0000
2
Inductively-coupled
plasma (using a 2x
preconcentration step;
a lower MDL is
possible using 4x
0.0003
96
preconcentration)
Inductively-coupled
plasma-Mass spectro-
metry
0.0003
Cadmium
0.005
Atomic Aabsorption;-
furnace technique
0.0001
Inductively C-coupled
Pplasma; U(using
concentration
technique in Aappendix
200.7A to USEPA
Inorganic Method
200.7).
0.001
Chromium
0.1
Atomic Aabsorption;-
furnace technique
0.001
Inductively C-coupled
Pplasma
0.007
Inductively C-coupled
Pplasma; U(using
concentration
technique in Appendix
A to USEPA Inorganic
Method 200.7).
0.001
Cyanide
0.2
Distillation,
spectrophotometric
(screening method for
total cyanides)
0.02
Automated
distillation,
spectrophotometric
(screening method for
total cyanides)
0.005
Distillation,
selective electrode
(screening method for
total cyanides)
0.05
Distillation,
amenable,
spectrophotometric
(for free cyanides)
0.02
Mercury
0.002
Manual Ccold Vvapor
0.0002
97
Ttechnique
Automated Ccold Vvapor
Ttechnique
0.0002
Nickel
0.1
Atomic absorption-
furnace technique
0.001
Atomic absorption-
furnace technique
(stabilized temper-
ature)
0.0006
Inductively-coupled
plasma (using a 2x
preconcentration step;
a lower MDL is
possible using 4x
preconcentration)
0.005
Inductively-coupled
plasma-Mass spectro-
metry
0.0005
Nitrate (as
N)
10
Manual Ccadmium
Rreduction
0.01
Automated Hhydrazine
Rreduction
0.01
Automated Ccadmium
Rreduction
0.05
Ion S-selective
Eelectrode
1
Ion Cchromatography
0.01
Nitrite (as
N)
1
Spectrophotometric
0.01
Automated Ccadmium
Rreduction
0.05
Manual Ccadmium
Rreduction
0.01
Ion Cchromatography
0.004
Selenium
0.05
Atomic Aabsorption;-
furnace technique
0.002
98
Atomic Aabsorption;-
gaseous hydride tech-
nique
0.002
Thallium
0.002
Atomic absorption-
furnace technique
0.001
Atomic absorption-
furnace technique
(stabilized temper-
ature)
0.0007
Inductively-coupled
plasma-Mass spectro-
metry
0.0003
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23 preamble and
paragraph (a)(4)(i) (1991), as amended at 57 Fed.
Reg. 31838-39 (July 17, 1992).
(Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
)
Section 611.601
Monitoring Frequency
Monitoring shall be conducted as follows:
a)
Required sampling.
1)
Each supplier shall take a minimum of one sample
at each sampling point at the times required by
Section 611.610 beginning January 1, 1993in the
initial compliance period.
2)
Each sampling point must produce samples that
are representative of the water from each source
after treatment or from each treatment plant, as
required by subsection (b) below. The total
number of sampling points must be representative
of the water delivered to users throughout the
PWS.
3)
The supplier shall take each sample at the same
sampling point unless conditions make another
sampling point more representative of each
source or treatment plant and the Agency has
granted a SEP pursuant to subsection (b)(5)
below.
b)
Sampling points.
1)
Sampling points for GWSs. Unless otherwise
99
provided by SEP, a GWS supplier shall take at
least one sample from each of the following
points: each entry point that is representative
of each well after treatment.
2)
Sampling points for SWSs and mixed systems.
Unless otherwise provided by SEP, a SWS or mixed
system supplier shall take at least one sample
from each of the following points:
A)
Each entry point after the application of
treatment; or
B)
A point in the distribution system that is
representative of each source after
treatment.
3)
If a system draws water from more than one
source, and the sources are combined before
distribution, the supplier shall sample at an
entry point during periods of normal operating
conditions when water is representative of all
sources being used.
4)
Additional sampling points. The Agency shall,
by SEP, designate additional sampling points in
the distribution system or at the consumer's tap
if it determines that such samples are necessary
to more accurately determine consumer exposure.
5)
Alternative sampling points. The Agency shall,
by SEP, approve alternate sampling points if the
supplier demonstrates that the points are more
representative than the generally required
point.
c)
This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR
141.23(a)(4), an optional USEPA provision relating
to compositing of samples that USEPA does not
require for state programs. This statement
maintains structural consistency with USEPA rules.
d)
The frequency of monitoring for the following
contaminants must be in accordance with the
following Sections:
1)
Asbestos: Section 611.602;
2)
Antimony, Bbarium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium,
cyanide, fluoride, mercury andnickel, selenium,
and thallium: Section 611.603;
100
3)
Nitrate: Section 611.604; and
4)
Nitrite: Section 611.605.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(a)
(1991) and 40 CFR 141.23(c), as amended at 57
Fed. Reg. 31839 (July 17, 1992).
(Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
)
Section 611.603
Inorganic Monitoring Frequency
The frequency of monitoring conducted to determine compliance
with the revised MCLs in Section 611.301 for antimony, barium,
beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide, fluoride, mercury,
andnickel, selenium, and thallium is as follows:
a)
Suppliers shall take samples at each sampling point,
beginning January 1, 1993in the initial compliance
period, as follows:
1)
For GWSs: at least one sample during each
compliance periodevery three years;
2)
For SWSs and mixed systems: at least one sample
each year.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(c)(1)
(1991), as amended at 57 Fed. Reg. 31839 (July
17, 1992).
b)
SEP Application. The supplier may apply to the
Agency for a SEP that allows reduction from the
monitoring frequencies specified in subsection (a)
above pursuant to subsections (d) through (f) below
and Section 611.110.
BOARD NOTE: Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(c)(2) and
(c)(6) (1991).
c)
SEP Procedures. The Agency shall review the request
pursuant to the SEP procedures of Section 611.110
based on consideration of the factors in subsection
(e) below.
BOARD NOTE: Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(c)(6) (1991).
d)
Standard for SEP reduction in monitoring. The
Agency shall grant a SEP that allows a reduction in
the monitoring frequency if the supplier
demonstrates that all previous analytical results
101
were less than the MCL, provided the supplier meets
the following minimum data requirements:
1)
For GWS suppliers: a minimum of three rounds of
monitoring.
2)
For SWS and mixed system suppliers: annual
monitoring for at least three years.
3)
At least one sample must have been taken since
January 1, 1990.
BOARD NOTE: Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(c)(4)
(1991).
e)
Standard for SEP monitoring conditions. As a
condition of any SEP, the Agency shall require that
the supplier take a minimum of one sample during the
term of the SEP. In determining the appropriate
reduced monitoring frequency, the Agency shall
consider:
1)
Reported concentrations from all previous
monitoring;
2)
The degree of variation in reported
concentrations; and
3)
Other factors may affect contaminant
concentrations, such as changes in groundwater
pumping rates, changes in the CWSs
configuration, the CWS's operating procedures,
or changes in stream flows or characteristics.
BOARD NOTE: Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(c)(3) and
(c)(5) (1991).
f)
SEP Conditions and Revision.
1)
A SEP will expire at the end of the compliance
cycle for which it was issued.
BOARD NOTE: Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(c)(3)
(1991).
2)
In issuing a SEP, the Agency shall specify the
level of the contaminant upon which the
"reliably and consistently" determination was
based. A SEP must provide that the Agency will
review and, where appropriate, revise its
determination of the appropriate monitoring
frequency when the supplier submits new
102
monitoring data or when other data relevant to
the supplier's appropriate monitoring frequency
become available.
BOARD NOTE: Drawn from 40 CFR 141.23(c)(6)
(1991).
g)
A supplier that exceeds the MCL for barium, cadmium,
chromium, fluoride, mercury, or selenium, as
determined in Section 611.609, shall monitor
quarterly for that contaminant, beginning in the
next quarter after the violation occurred.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(c)(7)
(1991).
h)
Reduction of quarterly monitoring.
1)
The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to Section
611.110 that reduces the monitoring frequency to
that specified by subsection (a) above if it
determines that the sampling point is reliably
and consistently below the MCL.
2)
A request for a SEP must include the following
minimal information:
A)
For a GWS: two quarterly samples.
B)
For an SWS or mixed system: four quarterly
samples.
3)
In issuing the SEP, the Agency shall specify the
level of the contaminant upon which the
"reliably and consistently" determination was
based. All SEPs that allow less frequent
monitoring based on an Agency "reliably and
consistently" determination shall include a
condition requiring the supplier to resume
quarterly monitoring for any contaminant
pursuant to subsection (g) above if it violates
the MCL specified by Section 611.609 for that
contaminant.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(c)(8)
(1991).
(Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
)
Section 611.609
Averaging
103
Compliance with the MCLs of Sections 611.300 or 611.301 (as
appropriate) must be determined based on the analytical
result(s) obtained at each sampling point.
a)
For suppliers that monitor at a frequency greater
than annual, compliance with the MCLs for antimony,
asbestos, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium,
cyanide, fluoride, mercury, andnickel, selenium, and
thallium is determined by a running annual average
at each sampling point.
1)
If the average at any sampling point is greater
than the MCL, then the supplier is out of
compliance.
2)
If any one sample would cause the annual average
to be exceeded, then the supplier is out of
compliance immediately.
3)
Any sample below the method detection limit must
be calculated at zero for the purpose of
determining the annual average.
BOARD NOTE: The "method detection limit" is
different from the "detection limit", as set
forth in Section 611.600. The "method detection
limit" is the level of contaminant that can be
determined by a particular method with a 95
percent degree of confidence, as determined by
the method outlined in 40 CFR 136, appendix B,
incorporated by reference at Section 611.102.
b)
For suppliers that monitor annually or less
frequently, compliance with the MCLs for antimony,
asbestos, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium,
cyanide, fluoride, mercury, andnickel, selenium, and
thallium is determined by the level of the
contaminant at any sampling point. If a
confirmation sample is taken, the determination of
compliance will be based on the average of the two
samples.
c)
Compliance with the MCLs for nitrate and nitrite is
determined based on one sample if the levels of
these contaminants are below the MCLs. If the levels
of nitrate or nitrite exceed the MCLs in the initial
sample, Section 611.606 requires confirmation
sampling, and compliance is determined based on the
average of the initial and confirmation samples.
d)
When the portion of the distribution system that is
out of compliance is separable from other parts of
104
the distribution system and has no interconnections,
the supplier may give the public notice required by
Subpart T only to persons served by that portion of
the distribution system not in compliance.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(i) (1991),
as amended at 57 Fed. Reg. 31839 (July 17, 1992).
(Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
)
Section 611.611
Inorganic Analysis
Analytical methods are from documents incorporated by
reference in Section 611.102. These are mostly referenced by
a short name defined by Section 611.102(a). Other
abbreviations are defined in Section 611.101.
a)
Analysis for antimony, asbestos, beryllium, barium,
cadmium, chromium, cyanide, mercury, nickel,
nitrate, nitrite, and selenium, and thallium
pursuant to Sections 611.600 through 611.604 must be
conducted using the following methods. For approved
analytical techniques for metals and selenium, the
technique applicable to total metals must be used.
For methods marked with an asterisk (*), the
procedure of subsection (f) below must be used for
preservation, measurement of turbidity, and
digestion.
1)
Antimony:
A)
Atomic absorption, furnace technique*:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
204.2, or
ii)
Standard Methods: Method 3113;
B)
Atomic absorption, platform furnace
technique*: USEPA Environmental Metals
Methods: Method 220.9;
C)
Inductively-coupled plasma-Mass
spectrometry*: USEPA Environmental Metals
Methods: Method 200.8; or
D)
Atomic absorption, gaseous hydride
technique, using the digestion technique
set forth in the method: ASTM Method
D3697-87.
105
12)
Asbestos: Transmission electron microscopy,:
USEPA Asbestos Methods.
23)
Barium:
A)
Atomic absorption, furnace technique*:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
208.2, or
ii)
Standard Methods: Method 3043113B;
B)
Atomic absorption, direct aspiration
technique*:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
208.1, or
ii)
Standard Methods: Method 303C3111D;
or
C)
Inductively-coupled plasma arc furnace,*:
i)
Inductively Coupled Plasma MethodUSEPA
Environmental Metals Methods Method
200.7., as supplemented by Method
200.7A, or
ii)
Standard Methods: Method 3120.
4)
Beryllium:
A)
Atomic absorption, furnace technique*:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
210.2,
ii)
ASTM Method D3645-84B, or
iii) Standard Methods: Method 3113;
B)
Atomic absorption, platform furnace
technique*: USEPA Environmental Metals
Methods: Method 200.9;
C)
Inductively-coupled plasma arc furnace*:
i)
USEPA Environmental Metals Methods:
Method 200.7, or
ii)
Standard Methods: Method 3120; or
106
D)
Inductively-coupled plasma-Mass
spectrometry*: USEPA Environmental Metals
Methods: Method 200.8.
35)
Cadmium:
A)
Atomic absorption, furnace technique*:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
213.2, or
ii)
Standard Methods: Method 3043113B; or
B)
Inductively-coupled plasma arc furnace,*:
Inductively Coupled Plasma MethodUSEPA
Environmental Metals Methods*, Method
200.7, as supplemented by Method 200.7A.
46)
Chromium:
A)
Atomic absorption, furnace technique*:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
218.2, or
ii)
Standard Methods: Method 304 (The
addition of 1 mL of 30% hydrogen
peroxide to each 100 mL of standards
and samples is required before
analysis.)3113B; or
B)
Inductively-coupled plasma arc furnace,*:
i)
Inductively Coupled Plasma MethodUSEPA
Environmental Metals Methods: Method
200.7., as supplemented by Method
200.7A, or
ii)
Standard Methods: Method 3120.
7)
Cyanide:
A)
Distillation, spectrophotometric:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
335.2,
ii)
ASTM Method D2036-89A,
iii) Standard Methods: Method 4500-CN D,
or
107
iv)
USGS Methods: Method I-3300-85;
B)
Automated distillation, spectrophotometric:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
335.3, or
ii)
Standard Methods: Method 4500-CN E;
C)
Distillation, selective electrode:
i)
ASTM Method D2036-89A, or
ii)
Standard Methods: Method 4500-CN F;
or
D)
Distillation, amenable, spectrophotometric:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
335.1,
ii)
ASTM Method D2036-89B, or
iii) Standard Methods: Method 4500-CN G.
58)
Mercury:
A)
Manual cold vapor technique, using the
digestion technique set forth in the
method:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
245.1,
ii)
ASTM D3223-86, or
iii) Standard Methods: Method 303F3112B;
or
B)
Automated cold vapor technique, using the
digestion technique set forth in the
method: USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
245.2.
9)
Nickel:
A)
Atomic absorption, furnace technique*:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
249.2, or
ii)
Standard Methods: Method 3113;
108
B)
Atomic absorption, platform furnace
technique*: USEPA Environmental Metals
Methods: Method 200.9;
C)
Atomic absorption, direct aspiration
technique*:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
249.1, or
ii)
Standard Methods: Method 3111B;
D)
Inductively-coupled plasma*:
i)
USEPA Environmental Metals Methods:
Method 200.7, or
ii)
Standard Methods: Method 3120; or
E)
Inductively-coupled plasma-Mass
spectrometry*: USEPA Environmental Metals
Methods: Method 200.8.
610) Nitrate:
A)
Manual cadmium reduction:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
353.3,
ii)
ASTM D3867-90, or
iii) Standard Methods: Method 418C4500-NO
3
E;
B)
Automated hydrazine reduction: USEPA
Inorganic Methods: Method 353.1;
C)
Automated cadmium reduction:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
353.2,
ii)
ASTM D3867-90, or
iii) Standard Methods: Method 418C4500-NO
3
F;
D)
Ion selective electrode: WeWWG/5880,
available from Orion Research; or
109
E)
Ion chromatography:
i)
USEPA InorganicIon Chromatography
Methods: Method 300.0, or
ii)
B-1011, available from Millipore
Corporation.
711) Nitrite:
A)
Spectrophotometric: USEPA Inorganic
Methods: Method 354.1;
B)
Automated cadmium reduction:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
353.2,
ii)
ASTM D3867-90, or
iii) Standard Methods: Method 418C4500-NO
3
F;
C)
Manual cadmium reduction:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
353.3,
ii)
ASTM D3867-90, or
iii) Standard Methods: Method 418C4500-NO
3
E.
D)
Ion chromatography:
i)
USEPA InorganicIon Chromatography
Methods: Method 300.0, or
ii)
Method B-1011, available from
Millipore Corporation.
812) Selenium:
A)
Atomic absorption, gaseous hydride, using
the digestion technique set forth in the
method:
i)
ASTM D3859-884A, or
ii)
Standard Methods: Method 3114B; or
B)
Atomic absorption, graphite furnace
110
technique*, adding 2mL of 30% hydrogen
peroxide (H
2
O
2
) and an appropriate
concentration of nickel nitrate hexahydrate
(NiNO
2
∙6H
2
O) to the samples as a matrix
modifier:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods*: Method
270.2,
ii)
ASTM D3859-88B, or
iii) Standard Methods: Method 3043113B
(Prior to dilution of the selenium
calibration standard, add 2 mL of 30%
hydrogen peroxide for each 100 mL of
standard.).
13)
Thallium:
A)
Atomic absorption, furnace technique, using
the digestion technique set forth in the
method*:
i)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method
279.2, or
ii)
Standard Methods: Method 3113;
B)
Atomic absorption platform furnace
technique, using the digestion technique
set forth in the method: USEPA
Environmental Metals Methods*: Method
200.9; or
C)
Inductively-coupled plasma-Mass
spectrometry: USEPA Environmental Metals
Methods: Method 200.8.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR
141.23(k)(1) (1992) and 40 CFR 141.23
(k)(4), as added at 57 Fed. Reg. 31839-40
(July 17, 1992). In promulgating the Phase
V rules, USEPA creates a new table of
analytical methods at 40 CFR 141.23(k)(4)
that would duplicate the methods set forth
at 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1) except that USEPA
updated and revised several of the methods.
The Board has combined the two federal
tables, using the version of each method
set forth in the Phase V rules where the
methods set forth conflict.
111
b)
Arsenic. Analyses for arsenic must be conducted
using one of the following methods:
1)
Atomic absorption, furnace technique: USEPA
Inorganic Methods: Method 206.2;
2)
Atomic absorption, gaseous hydride:
A)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method 206.3,
B)
ASTM D2972-88B,
C)
Standard Methods:
i)
Method 307A (referencing Methods 303E
and 304), or
ii)
Method 307B
D)
USGS Methods: I-1062-85;
3)
Spectrophotometric, silver
diethyldithiocarbamate:
A)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method 206.4,
B)
ASTM D 2972-88A, or
C)
Standard Methods: Method 307B; or
4)
Inductively-coupled plasma arc furnace,
Inductively Coupled Plasma Method, Method 200.7,
as supplemented by Methodappendix 200.7A.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(k)(2)
(1992).
c)
Fluoride. Analyses for fluoride must be conducted
using one of the following methods:
1)
Colorimetric SPADNS, with distillation:
A)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method 340.1,
B)
ASTM D1179-72A, or
C)
Standard Methods: Methods 413A and 413C;
BOARD NOTE: 40 CFR 141.23(k)(3) cites
methods "43 A and C", an obvious error that
the Board has corrected to "413A and 413C".
112
2)
Potentiometric, ion selective electrode:
A)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method 340.2,
B)
ASTM D1179-72B, or
C)
Standard Methods: Method 413B;
3)
Automated Alizarin fluoride blue, with
distillation (complexone):
A)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method 340.3,
B)
Standard Methods: Method 413E, or
C)
Technicon Methods: Method 129-71W; or
4)
Automated ion selective electrode: Technicon
Methods, Method 380-75WE.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(k)(3)
(1992).
d)
Sample collection for antimony, asbestos, barium,
beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide, fluoride,
mercury, nickel, nitrate, nitrite, and selenium, and
thallium pursuant to Sections 611.600 through
611.604 must be conducted using the following
sample preservation, container and maximum holding
time procedures:
1)
Antimony:
A)
Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to
pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot be
used because of shipping restrictions, the
sample may initially be preserved by icing
and immediately shipping it to the
laboratory. Upon receipt in the
laboratory, the sample must be acidified
with concentrated nitric acid to pH less
than 2. At the time of sample analysis,
the sample container must be thoroughly
rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must
be added to the sample.
B)
Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C)
Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
soon after collection as possible, but in
any event within 6 months.
113
12)
Asbestos:
A)
Preservative: Cool to 4
°
C.
B)
Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
23)
Barium:
A)
Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to
pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot be
used because of shipping restrictions, the
sample may initially be preserved by icing
and immediately shipping it to the
laboratory. Upon receipt in the
laboratory, the sample must be acidified
with concentrated nitric acid to pH less
than 2. At the time of sample analysis,
the sample container must be thoroughly
rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must
be added to the sample.
B)
Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C)
Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
soon after collection as possible, but in
any event within 6 months.
4)
Beryllium:
A)
Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to
pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot be
used because of shipping restrictions, the
sample may initially be preserved by icing
and immediately shipping it to the
laboratory. Upon receipt in the
laboratory, the sample must be acidified
with concentrated nitric acid to pH less
than 2. At the time of sample analysis,
the sample container must be thoroughly
rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must
be added to the sample.
B)
Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C)
Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
soon after collection as possible, but in
any event within 6 months.
35)
Cadmium:
A)
Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to
114
pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot be
used because of shipping restrictions, the
sample may initially be preserved by icing
and immediately shipping it to the
laboratory. Upon receipt in the
laboratory, the sample must be acidified
with concentrated nitric acid to pH less
than 2. At the time of sample analysis,
the sample container must be thoroughly
rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must
be added to the sample.
B)
Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C)
Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
soon after collection as possible, but in
any event within 6 months.
46)
Chromium:
A)
Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to
pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot be
used because of shipping restrictions, the
sample may initially be preserved by icing
and immediately shipping it to the
laboratory. Upon receipt in the
laboratory, the sample must be acidified
with concentrated nitric acid to pH less
than 2. At the time of sample analysis,
the sample container must be thoroughly
rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must
be added to the sample.
B)
Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C)
Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
soon after collection as possible, but in
any event within 6 months.
7)
Cyanide:
A)
Preservative: Cool to 4
°
C. Add sodium
hydroxide to pH > 12. See the analytical
methods for information on sample
preservation.
B)
Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C)
Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
soon after collection as possible, but in
any event within 14 days.
115
58)
Fluoride:
A)
Preservative: None.
B)
Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C)
Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
soon after collection as possible, but in
any event within 1 month.
69)
Mercury:
A)
Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to
pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot be
used because of shipping restrictions, the
sample may initially be preserved by icing
and immediately shipping it to the
laboratory. Upon receipt in the
laboratory, the sample must be acidified
with concentrated nitric acid to pH less
than 2. At the time of sample analysis,
the sample container must be thoroughly
rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must
be added to the sample.
B)
Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C)
Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
soon after collection as possible, but in
any event within 28 days.
10)
Nickel:
A)
Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to
pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot be
used because of shipping restrictions, the
sample may initially be preserved by icing
and immediately shipping it to the
laboratory. Upon receipt in the
laboratory, the sample must be acidified
with concentrated nitric acid to pH less
than 2. At the time of sample analysis,
the sample container must be thoroughly
rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must
be added to the sample.
B)
Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C)
Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
soon after collection as possible, but in
any event within 6 months.
116
711) Nitrate, chlorinated:
A)
Preservative: Cool to 4
°
C.
B)
Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C)
Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
soon after collection as possible, but in
any event within 28 days.
812) Nitrate, non-chlorinated:
A)
Preservative: Concentrated sulfuric acid
to pH less than 2.
B)
Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C)
Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
soon after collection as possible, but in
any event within 14 days.
913) Nitrite:
A)
Preservative: Cool to 4
°
C.
B)
Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C)
Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
soon after collection as possible, but in
any event within 48 hours.
104) Selenium:
A)
Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to
pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot be
used because of shipping restrictions, the
sample may initially be preserved by icing
and immediately shipping it to the
laboratory. Upon receipt in the
laboratory, the sample must be acidified
with concentrated nitric acid to pH less
than 2. At the time of sample analysis,
the sample container must be thoroughly
rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must
be added to the sample.
B)
Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C)
Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
soon after collection as possible, but in
117
any event within 6 months.
15)
Thallium:
A)
Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to
pH less than 2. If nitric acid cannot be
used because of shipping restrictions, the
sample may initially be preserved by icing
and immediately shipping it to the
laboratory. Upon receipt in the
laboratory, the sample must be acidified
with concentrated nitric acid to pH less
than 2. At the time of sample analysis,
the sample container must be thoroughly
rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid; washings must
be added to the sample.
B)
Plastic or glass (hard or soft).
C)
Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as
soon after collection as possible, but in
any event within 6 months.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR
141.23(k)(4) (1992) as amended and
renumbered to 40 CFR 141.23 (k)(5) at 57
Fed. Reg. 31840 (July 17, 1992).
e)
Analyses under this Subpart must be conducted by
laboratories that received approval from USEPA or
the Agency. Laboratories may conduct sample
analyses for antimony, beryllium, cyanide, nickel,
and thallium under provisional certification granted
by the Agency until January 1, 1996. The Agency
shall approvecertify laboratories to conduct
analyses for antimony, asbestos, barium, beryllium,
cadmium, chromium, cyanide, fluoride, mercury,
nickel, nitrate, nitrite, and selenium, and thallium
if the laboratory:
1)
Analyzes performance evaluation samples,
provided by the Agency pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm.
Code 183.125(c), that include those substances
at levels not in excess of levels expected in
drinking water; and
2)
Achieves quantitative results on the analyses
within the following acceptance limits:
A)
Antimony: ± 30% at greater than or equal
to 0.006 mg/L.
118
BOARD NOTE: 40 CFR 141.23(k)(6), as
renumbered from paragraph (k)(5) and
amended at 40 CFR 31840 (July 17, 1992),
actually lists "6#30" as the acceptance
limit for antimony. The Board corrected
this to "± 30%" based on the discussion at
57 Fed. Reg. 31801.
AB)
Asbestos,: 2 standard deviations based on
study statistics.
BC)
Barium,: ± 15% at greater than or equal to
0.15 mg/L.
D)
Beryllium: ± 15% at greater than or equal
to 0.001 mg/L.
CE)
Cadmium,: ± 20% at greater than or equal
to 0.002 mg/L.
DF)
Chromium,: ± 15% at greater than or equal
to 0.01 mg/L.
G)
Cyanide: ± 25% at greater than or equal to
0.1 mg/l.
EH)
Fluoride,: ± 10% at 1 to 10 mg/L.
FI)
Mercury,: ± 30% at greater than or equal
to 0.0005 mg/L.
J)
Nickel: ± 15 % at greater than or equal to
0.01 mg/L.
GK)
Nitrate,: ± 10% at greater than or equal
to 0.4 mg/L.
HL)
Nitrite,: ± 15% at greater than or equal
to 0.4 mg/L.
IM)
Selenium,: ± 20% at greater than or equal
to 0.01 mg/L.
N)
Thallium: ± 30% at greater than or equal
to 0.002 mg/L.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR
141.23(k)(5) (1992), as amended and
renumbered to 40 CFR 141.23 (k)(6) at 57
Fed. Reg. 31840-41 (July 17, 1992), and the
discussion at 57 Fed. Reg. 31809.
119
f)
Sample preservation, turbidity measurement, and
digestion. For all analytical methods marked with
an asterisk (*) in subsection (a) above, the
following must be done:
1)
The samples must be preserved with concentrated
nitric acid (pH < 2);
1)
Turbidity must be measured on the preserved
samples immediately prior to analysis; and
2)
The sample must be analyzed as follows:
A)
Directly for total metals if the turbidity
is less than 1 NTU, or
B)
After digestion, using the total
recoverable technique as defined in the
applicable method, if the turbidity is 1
NTU or greater.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR
141.23(k)(4), footnote 6, as added at 57
Fed. Reg. 31840 (July 17, 1992).
(Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
)
Section 611.612
Monitoring Requirements for Old Inorganic
MCLs
a)
Analyses for the purpose of determining compliance
with the old inorganic MCLs of Section 611.300 are
required as follows:
1)
Analyses for all CWSs utilizing surface water
sources must be repeated at yearly intervals.
2)
Analyses for all CWSs utilizing only groundwater
sources must be repeated at three-year
intervals.
3)
This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR
141.23(l)(3) (1992), which requires monitoring
for the repealed old MCL for nitrate at a
frequency specified by the state. The Board has
followed the USEPA lead and repealed that old
MCL. This statement maintains structural
consistency with USEPA rules
4)
This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR
141.23(l)(4) (1992), which authorizes the state
120
to determine compliance and initiate enforcement
action. This authority exists through the
authorization of the Act, not through federal
rules. This statement maintains structural
consistency with USEPA rules.
b)
If the result of an analysis made under subsection
(a) above indicates that the level of any
contaminant listed in Section 611.300 exceeds the
old MCL, the supplier shall report to the Agency
within 7 days and initiate three additional analyses
at the same sampling point within one month.
c)
When the average of four analyses made pursuant to
subsection (b) above, rounded to the same number of
significant figures as the old MCL for the substance
in question, exceeds the old MCL, the supplier shall
notify the Agency and give notice to the public
pursuant to Subpart T of this Part. Monitoring
after public notification must be at a frequency
designated by the Agency by a SEP granted pursuant
to Section 611.110 and must continue until the old
MCL has not been exceeded in two successive samples
or until a different monitoring schedule becomes
effective as a condition to a variance, an adjusted
standard, a site specific rule, an enforcement
action, or another SEP granted pursuant to Section
611.110.
d)
This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.23(o)
(1992), which pertains to monitoring for the
repealed old MCL for nitrate. The Board has
followed the USEPA action and repealed that old MCL.
This statement maintains structural consistency
with USEPA rules.
e)
This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.23(p)
(1992), which pertains to the use of existing data
up until a date long since expired. The Board did
not adopt the original provision in R88-26. This
statement maintains structural consistency with
USEPA rules.
f)
Analyses conducted to determine compliance with the
old MCLs of Section 611.300 must be made in
accordance with the following methods, incorporated
by reference in Section 611.102.
1)
Arsenic:
A)
ASTM:
121
i)
Method D2972-88A, or
ii
Method D2972-88B;
B)
Standard Methods:
i)
Method 307A, or
ii)
Method 307B;
C)
USGS Methods, Method I-1062-85;
D)
USEPA Inorganic Methods:
i)
Method 206.2, or
ii)
Method 206.3; or
E)
ICP Method 200.7, as supplemented by
appendix 200.7A.
2) Barium:
A) Standard Methods: Method 308;
B) USEPA Inorganic Methods:
i) Method 208.1, or
ii) Method 208.2; or
C) ICP Method 200.7, as supplemented by
appendix 200.7A.
32)
Fluoride: The methods specified in Section
611.611(c) shall apply for the purposes of this
Section.
43)
Cyanide, until the cyanide MCL of Section
611.300 is no longer effective:
A)
Standard Methods: Method 412D4500-CN D, E,
F, or G, or;
B)
USEPA Inorganic Methods: Methods 335.1,
335.2., or 335.3; or
C)
ASTM Methods D2036-89A or B.
54)
Iron:
A)
Standard Methods: Method 303A;
122
B)
USEPA Inorganic Methods:
i)
Method 236.1, or
ii)
Method 236.2; or
C)
ICP Method 200.7, as supplemented by
appendix 200.7A.
65)
Manganese:
A)
ASTM: Method D858-84;
B)
Standard Methods: Method 303A;
C)
USEPA Inorganic Methods:
i)
Method 243.1, or
ii)
Method 243.2; or
D)
ICP Method 200.7, as supplemented by
appendix 200.7A.
76)
Zinc:
A)
Standard Methods: Method 303A; or
B)
USEPA Inorganic Methods:
i)
Method 289.1, or
ii)
Method 289.2.
BOARD NOTE: The provisions of
subsections (a) through (f) above
apply to additional state
requirements. Subsections (a) through
(f)(3) above derived from 40 CFR
141.23(l) through (q) (1992). The
Board has deleted several analytical
methods codified by USEPA at 40 CFR
141.23(q) (formerly 40 CFR 141.23(f))
because the MCLs of 40 CFR 141.11
expired for those contaminants on July
30 and November 30, 1992. Subsection
(f)(32) above relates to a contaminant
for which USEPA specifies an MCL, but
for which it repealed the analytical
method. Subsections (f)(4) through
(f)(86) above relate exclusively to
123
additional state requirements. The
predecessor to subsections (a) through
(e) above were formerly codified as
Section 611.601. The predecessor to
subsection (f) above was formerly
codified as Section 611.606.
(Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
)
SUBPART O: ORGANIC MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section 611.640
Definitions
The following terms are defined for use in this Subpart only.
Additional definitions are located in Section 611.102.
"Old MCL" means an MCL in Section 611.310. These
include the MCLs identified as "additional state
requirements" and those derived from 40 CFR 141.12,
but excluding TTHM. "Old MCLs" includes the Section
611.310 MCLs for the following contaminants:
Aldrin
2,4-D
DDT
Dieldrin
Endrin
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
BOARD NOTE: 2,4-D, heptachlor, and heptachlor
epoxide are also "Phase II SOCs". The
additional state requirements of Section 611.310
impose a more stringent "old MCL" for each of
these compounds than that imposed on them as
Phase II SOCs by Section 611.311. However, the
requirements for sampling and monitoring for
these compounds as Phase II SOCs and the
consequences of their detection and violation of
their revised MCLs is more stringent as Phase II
SOCs.
"Phase II SOCs" means:
Alachlor
Atrazine
Carbofuran
Chlordane
Dibromochloropropane
Ethylene dibromide
Heptachlor
124
Heptachlor epoxide
Lindane
Methoxychlor
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Toxaphene
2,4-D
2,4,5-TP
BOARD NOTE: These are organic contaminants
regulated at 40 CFR 141.61(c)(1) through (c)(18)
(1992). The MCLs for these contaminants are
located at Section 611.311. More stringent MCLs
for heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, and 2,4-D
are found as "additional state requirements" in
Section 611.310.
"Phase IIB SOCs" means:
Aldicarb
Aldicarb Sulfone
Aldicarb Sulfoxide
Pentachlorophenol
BOARD NOTE: These are organic contaminants
regulated at 40 CFR 141.61(c)(1) through (c)(18)
(1992). The MCLs for these contaminants are
located at Section 611.311. The effectiveness
of the Section 611.311 MCLs for aldicarb,
aldicarb sulfone, and aldicarb sulfoxide are
administratively stayed until the Board takes
further administrative action to end this stay.
However, suppliers must monitor for these three
SOCs pursuant to Section 611.648. See 40 CFR
141.6(g) (1992) and 57 Fed. Reg. 22178 (May 27,
1992).
"Phase V SOCs" means:
Benzo[a]pyrene
Dalapon
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Dinoseb
Diquat
Endothall
Endrin
Glyphosate
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Oxamyl
Picloram
Simazine
2,3,7,8-TCDD
BOARD NOTE: These are organic contaminants
125
regulated at 40 CFR 141.61(c)(19) through
(c)(33) (1992). The MCLs for these contaminants
are located at Section 611.311, and become
effective January 17, 1994.
"Phase I VOCs" means:
Benzene
Carbon tetrachloride
p-Dichlorobenzene.
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethylene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Vinyl chloride
BOARD NOTE: These are the organic contaminants
regulated at 40 CFR 141.61(a)(1) through (a)(8)
(1992). The MCLs for these contaminants are
located at Section 611.311(a).
"Phase II VOCs" means:
o-Dichlorobenzene
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene
1,2-Dichloropropane
Ethylbenzene
Monochlorobenzene
Styrene
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
Xylenes (total)
BOARD NOTE: These are organic contaminants
regulated at 40 CFR 141.61(a)(9) through (a)(18)
(1992). The MCLs for these contaminants are in
Section 611.311(a).
"Phase V VOCs" means:
Dichloromethane
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
BOARD NOTE: These are the organic contaminants
regulated at 40 CFR 141.61(a)(19) through
(a)(21) (1992). The MCLs for these contaminants
are located at Section 611.311(a) and become
effective January 17, 1994.
"Revised MCL" means an MCL in Section 611.311. This
term includes MCLs for "Phase I VOCs", "Phase II
VOCs", "Phase V VOCs", and "Phase II SOCs", Phase
IIB SOCs, and "Phase V SOCs".
126
(Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
)
Section 611.646
Phase I, and Phase II, and Phase V Volatile
Organic Contaminants
Monitoring of the Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs and
Phase II VOCs for the purpose of determining compliance with
the MCL must be conducted as follows:
a)
Definitions. As used in this Section:
"Detect" and "detection" means that the
contaminant of interest is present at a level
greater than or equal to the "detection limit".
"Detection limit" means 0.0005 mg/L.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f)(7),
(f)(11), (f)(14)(i), and (f)(20) (1992). This
is a "trigger level" for Phase I, Phase II, and
Phase V VOCs and Phase II VOCs inasmuch as it
prompts further action. The use of the term
"detect" in this section is not intended to
include any analytical capability of quantifying
lower levels of any contaminant, or the "method
detection limit". Note, however that certain
language at the end of federal paragraph (f)(20)
is capable of meaning that the "method detection
limit" is used to derive the "detection limit".
The Board has chosen to disregard that language
at the end of paragraph (f)(20) in favor of the
more direct language of paragraphs (f)(7) and
(f)(11).
"Method detection limit", as used in subsections
(q) and (t) below means the minimum
concentration of a substance that can be
measured and reported with 99 percent confidence
that the analyte concentration is greater than
zero and is determined from analysis of a sample
in a given matrix containing the analyte.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 136, Appendix B
(1992). The method detection limit is
determined by the procedure set forth in 40 CFR
136, Appendix B. See subsection (t) below.
b)
Required sampling. Each supplier shall take a
minimum of one sample at each sampling point at the
times required in subsection (u) below.
127
c)
Sampling points.
1)
Sampling points for GWSs. Unless otherwise
provided by SEP, a GWS supplier shall take at
least one sample from each of the following
points: each entry point that is representative
of each well after treatment.
2)
Sampling points for SWSs and mixed systems.
Unless otherwise provided by SEP, a SWS or mixed
system supplier shall sample from each of the
following points:
A)
Each entry point after treatment; or
B)
Points in the distribution system that are
representative of each source.
3)
The supplier shall take each sample at the same
sampling point unless the Agency has granted a
SEP that designates another location as more
representative of each source, treatment plant,
or within the distribution system.
4)
If a system draws water from more than one
source, and the sources are combined before
distribution, the supplier shall sample at an
entry point during periods of normal operating
conditions when water is representative of all
sources being used.
BOARD NOTE: Subsections (b) and (c) above
derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f)(1) through (f)(3)
(1992).
d)
Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier shall take four
consecutive quarterly samples for each of the Phase
I VOCs, excluding vinyl chloride, and Phase II VOCs
during each compliance period, beginning in the
compliance period starting January 1, 1993in the
initial compliance period.
e)
Reduction to annual monitoring frequency. If the
initial monitoring for the Phase I, Phase II, and
Phase V VOCs and Phase II VOCs as allowed in
subsection (r)(1) below has been completed by
December 31, 1992, and the supplier did not detect
any of the Phase I VOCs, including vinyl chloride,
or Phase II, or Phase V VOCs, then the supplier
shall take one sample annually beginning January 1,
1993in the initial compliance period.
128
f)
GWS reduction to triennial monitoring frequency.
After a minimum of three years of annual sampling,
GWS suppliers that have not previously detected any
of the Phase I VOCs, including vinyl chloride, or
Phase II, or Phase V VOCs shall take one sample
during each three-year compliance period.
g)
A CWS or NTNCWS supplier that has completed the
initial round of monitoring required by subsection
(d) above and which did not detect any of the Phase
I VOCs, including vinyl chloride, and Phase II, and
Phase V VOCs may apply to the Agency for a SEP
pursuant to Section 611.110 that releases it from
the requirements of subsection (e) or (f) above. A
supplier that serves fewer than 3300 service
connections may apply to the Agency for a SEP
pursuant to Section 611.110 that releases it from
the requirements of subsection (d) above as to
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f)(7) and
(f)(10) (1992), as amended at 57 Fed. Reg. 31841
(July 17, 1992), and the discussion at 57 Fed. Reg.
31825 (July 17, 1992). Provisions concerning the
term of the waiver appear below in subsections (i)
and (j) below. The definition of "detect",
parenthetically added to the federal counterpart
paragraph is in subsection (a) above.
h)
Vulnerability Assessment. The Agency shall consider
the factors of Section 611.110(e) in granting a SEP
from the requirements of subsections (d), (e), or
(f) above sought pursuant to subsection (g) above.
i)
A SEP issued to a GWS pursuant to subsection (g)
above is for a maximum of six years, except that a
SEP as to the subsection (d) above monitoring for
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene shall apply only to the
initial round of monitoring. As a condition of a
SEP, except as to a SEP from the initial round of
subsection (d) above monitoring for 1,2,4-trichloro-
benzene, the supplier shall, within 30 months after
the beginning of the period for which the waiver was
issued, reconfirm its vulnerability assessment
required by subsection (h) above and submitted
pursuant to subsection (g) above, by taking one
sample at each sampling point and reapplying for a
SEP pursuant to subsection (g) above. Based on this
application, the Agency shall either:
1)
If it determines that the PWS meets the standard
129
of Section 611.610(e), issue a SEP that
reconfirms the prior SEP for the remaining
three-year compliance period of the six-year
maximum term; or,
2)
Issue a new SEP requiring the supplier to sample
annually.
BOARD NOTE: This provision does not apply to
SWSs and mixed systems.
j)
Special considerations for SEPs for SWS and mixed
systems.
1)
The Agency must determine that a SWS is not
vulnerable before issuing a SEP pursuant to a
SWS supplier. A SEP issued to a SWS or mixed
system supplier pursuant to subsection (g) above
is for a maximum of one compliance period; and
2)
The Agency may require, as a condition to a SEP
issued to a SWS or mixed supplier, that the
supplier take such samples for Phase I, Phase
II, and Phase V VOCs and Phase II VOCs at such a
frequency as the Agency determines are
necessary, based on the vulnerability
assessment.
BOARD NOTE: There is a great degree of
similarity between 40 CFR 141.24(f)(7), the
provision applicable to GWSs, and 40 CFR
141.24(f)(10), the provision for SWSs. The
Board has consolidated the common requirements
of both paragraphs into subsection (g) above.
Subsection (j) above represents the elements
unique to SWSs and mixed systems, and subsection
(i) above relates to GWSs. Although 40 CFR
141.24(f)(7) and (f)(10) are silent as to mixed
systems, the Board has included mixed systems
with SWSs because this best follows the federal
scheme for all other contaminants.
k)
If one of the Phase I VOCs, excluding vinyl
chloride, or Phase II, or Phase V VOCs is detected
in any sample, then:
1)
The supplier shall monitor quarterly for that
contaminant at each sampling point that resulted
in a detection.
2)
Annual monitoring.
130
A)
The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to
Section 611.110 that allows a supplier to
reduce the monitoring frequency to annual
at a sampling point if it determines that
the sampling point is reliably and
consistently below the MCL.
B)
A request for a SEP must include the
following minimal information:
i)
For a GWS, two quarterly samples.
ii)
For a SWS or mixed system, four
quarterly samples.
C)
In issuing a SEP, the Agency shall specify
the level of the contaminant upon which the
"reliably and consistently" determination
was based. All SEPs that allow less
frequent monitoring based on an Agency
"reliably and consistently" determination
shall include a condition requiring the
supplier to resume quarterly monitoring
pursuant to subsection (k)(1) above if it
violates the MCL specified by Section
611.311.
3)
Suppliers that monitor annually shall monitor
during the quarter(s) that previously yielded
the highest analytical result.
4)
Suppliers that do not detect a contaminant at a
sampling point in three consecutive annual
samples may apply to the Agency for a SEP
pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows it to
discontinue monitoring for that contaminant at
that point, as specified in subsection (g)
above.
5)
A GWS supplier that has detected one or more of
the two-carbon contaminants listed in subsection
(k)(5)(A) below shall monitor quarterly for
vinyl chloride as described in subsection
(k)(5)(B) below, subject to the limitation of
subsection (k)(5)(C) below.
A)
Two-carbon contaminants (Phase I or II
VOC):
1,2-Dichloroethane (Phase I)
1,1-Dichloroethylene (Phase I)
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (Phase II)
131
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene (Phase II)
Tetrachloroethylene (Phase II)
1,1,1-Trichloroethylene (Phase I)
Trichloroethylene (Phase I)
B)
The supplier shall sample quarterly for
vinyl chloride at each sampling point at
which it detected one or more of the two-
carbon contaminants listed in subsection
(k)(5)(A) above.
C)
The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to
Section 611.110 that allows the supplier to
reduce the monitoring frequency for vinyl
chloride at any sampling point to once in
each three-year compliance period if it
determines that the supplier has not
detected vinyl chloride in first sample
required by subsection (k)(5)(B) above.
l)
Quarterly monitoring following MCL violations.
1)
Suppliers that violate an MCL for one of the
Phase I VOCs, including vinyl chloride, or Phase
II, or Phase V VOCs, as determined by subsection
(o) below, shall monitor quarterly for that
contaminant, at the sampling point where the
violation occurred, beginning the next quarter
after the violation.
2)
Annual monitoring.
A)
The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to
Section 611.110 that allows a supplier to
reduce the monitoring frequency to annually
if it determines that the sampling point is
reliably and consistently below the MCL.
B)
A request for a SEP must include the
following minimal information: four
quarterly samples.
C)
In issuing a SEP, the Agency shall specify
the level of the contaminant upon which the
"reliably and consistently" determination
was based. All SEPs that allow less
frequent monitoring based on an Agency
"reliably and consistently" determination
shall include a condition requiring the
supplier to resume quarterly monitoring
pursuant to subsection (l)(1) above if it
violates the MCL specified by Section
132
611.311.
D)
The supplier shall monitor during the
quarter(s) that previously yielded the
highest analytical result.
m)
Confirmation samples. The Agency may issue a SEP
pursuant to Section 610.110 to require a supplier to
use a confirmation sample for results that it finds
dubious for whatever reason. The Agency must state
its reasons for issuing the SEP if the SEP is
Agency-initiated.
1)
If a supplier detects any of the Phase I, Phase
II, or Phase V VOCs or Phase II VOCs in a
sample, the supplier shall take a confirmation
sample as soon as possible, but no later than 14
days after the supplier receives notice of the
detection.
2)
Averaging is as specified in subsection (o)
below.
3)
The Agency shall delete the original or
confirmation sample if it determines that a
sampling error occurred, in which case the
confirmation sample will replace the original or
confirmation sample.
n)
This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR
141.24(f)(14), an optional USEPA provision relating
to compositing of samples that USEPA does not
require for state programs. This statement
maintains structural consistency with USEPA rules.
o)
Compliance with the MCLs for the Phase I, Phase II,
and Phase V VOCs and Phase II VOCs must be
determined based on the analytical results obtained
at each sampling point.
1)
For suppliers that conduct monitoring at a
frequency greater than annual, compliance is
determined by a running annual average of all
samples taken at each sampling point.
A)
If the annual average of any sampling point
is greater than the MCL, then the supplier
is out of compliance.
B)
If the initial sample or a subsequent
sample would cause the annual average to
exceed the MCL, then the supplier is out of
133
compliance immediately.
C)
Any samples below the detection limit shall
be deemed as zero for purposes of
determining the annual average.
2)
If monitoring is conducted annually, or less
frequently, the supplier is out of compliance if
the level of a contaminant at any sampling point
is greater than the MCL. If a confirmation
sample is taken, the determination of compliance
is based on the average of two samples.
3)
Public notice for a supplier out of compliance
is governed by Subpart T of this Part.
p)
Analyses for the Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs
and Phase II VOCs must be conducted using the
following methods. These methods are contained in
USEPA Organic Methods, incorporated by reference in
Section 611.102:
1)
Method 502.1,: "Volatile Halogenated Organic
Chemicals in Water by Purge and Trap Gas
Chromatography.".
2)
Method 502.2,: "Volatile Organic Compounds in
Water by Purge and Trap Capillary Column Gas
Chromatography with Photoionization and
Electrolytic Conductivity Detectors in Series.".
3)
Method 503.1,: "Volatile Aromatic and
Unsaturated Organic Compounds in Water by Purge
and Trap Gas Chromatography.".
4)
Method 524.1,: "Measurement of Purgeable
Organic Compounds in Water by Purged Column Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry.".
5)
Method 524.2,: "Measurement of Purgeable
Organic Compounds in Water by Capillary Column
Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry.".
q)
Analysis under this Section must only be conducted
by laboratories that have received approval by USEPA
or the Agency according to the following conditions:
1)
To receive conditional approval to conduct
analyses for the Phase I VOCs, excluding vinyl
chloride, and Phase II VOCs, and Phase V VOCs,
the laboratory must:
134
A)
Analyze performance evaluation samples that
include these substances provided by the
Agency pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code
183.125(c);
B)
Achieve the quantitative acceptance limits
under subsections (q)(1)(C) and (q)(1)(D)
below for at least 80 percent of the Phase
I VOCs, excluding vinyl chloride, or Phase
II VOCs, except vinyl chloride, or Phase V
VOCs;
C)
Achieve quantitative results on the
analyses performed under subsection
(q)(1)(A) above that are within ± 20
percent of the actual amount of the
substances in the performance evaluation
sample when the actual amount is greater
than or equal to 0.010 mg/L;
D)
Achieve quantitative results on the
analyses performed under subsection
(q)(1)(A) above that are within ± 40
percent of the actual amount of the
substances in the performance evaluation
sample when the actual amount is less than
0.010 mg/L; and
E)
Achieve a method detection limit of 0.0005
mg/L, according to the procedures in 40 CFR
136, appendix B, incorporated by reference
in Section 611.102.
2)
To receive conditional approval to conduct
analyses for vinyl chloride the laboratory must:
A)
Analyze performance evaluation samples
provided by the Agency pursuant to 35 Ill.
Adm. Code 183.125(c);
B)
Achieve quantitative results on the
analyses performed under subsection
(q)(2)(A) above that are within ± 40
percent of the actual amount of vinyl
chloride in the performance evaluation
sample;
C)
Achieve a method detection limit of 0.0005
mg/L, according to the procedures in 40 CFR
136, appendix B, incorporated by reference
in Section 611.102; and
135
D)
Obtain certification pursuant to subsection
(q)(1) above for Phase I VOCs, excluding
vinyl chloride, and Phase II VOCs, and
Phase V VOCs.
r)
Use of existing data.
1)
The Agency shall allow the use of data collected
after January 1, 1988 but prior to the effective
date of this Section, pursuant to Agency sample
request letters, if it determines that the data
are generally consistent with the requirements
of this Section.
2)
The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to Section
611.110 that allows a supplier to monitor
annually beginning January 1, 1993in the initial
compliance period if it determines that the
supplier did not detect any Phase I, VOC or
Phase II, or Phase V VOC using existing data
allowed pursuant to subsection (r)(1) above.
s)
The Agency shall, by SEP, increase the number of
sampling points or the frequency of monitoring if it
determines that it is necessary to detect variations
within the PWS.
t)
Each laboratory approved for the analysis of Phase
I, VOCs or Phase II, or Phase V VOCs pursuant to
subsection (q)(1) or (q)(2) above shall:
1)
Determine the method detection limit (MDL), as
defined in 40 CFR 136, Appendix B, incorporated
by reference in Section 611.102, at which it is
capable of detecting the Phase I, Phase II, and
Phase V VOCs and Phase II VOCs; and,
2)
Achieve an MDL for each Phase I, VOC and Phase
II, and Phase V VOC that is less than or equal
to 0.0005 mg/L.
u)
Each supplier shall monitor, within each compliance
period, at the time designated by the Agency by SEP
pursuant to Section 611.110.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(f) (1992),
as amended at 57 Fed. Reg. 31841 (July 17, 1992).
(Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
)
Section 611.648
Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V Synthetic
136
Organic Contaminants
Analysis of the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs for the
purposes of determining compliance with the MCL must be
conducted as follows:
a)
Definitions. As used in this Section:
"Detect or detection" means that the contaminant
of interest is present at a level greater than
or equal to the "detection limit".
"Detection limit" means the level of the
contaminant of interest that is specified in
subsection (r) below.
BOARD NOTE: This is a "trigger level" for Phase
II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs inasmuch as it
prompts further action. The use of the term
"detect" or "detection" in this section is not
intended to include any analytical capability of
quantifying lower levels of any contaminant, or
the "method detection limit".
b)
Required sampling. Each supplier shall take a
minimum of one sample at each sampling point at the
times required in subsection (q) below.
BOARD NOTE: USEPA stayed the effective date of the
MCLs for aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, and aldicarb
sulfoxide at 57 Fed. Reg. 22178 (May 27, 1991).
Section 611.311(c) includes this stay. However,
despite the stay of the effectiveness of the MCLs
for these three SOCs, suppliers must monitor for
them.
c)
Sampling points.
1)
Sampling points for GWSs. Unless otherwise
provided by SEP, a GWS supplier shall take at
least one sample from each of the following
points: each entry point that is representative
of each well after treatment.
2)
Sampling points for SWSs and mixed systems.
Unless otherwise provided by SEP, a SWS or mixed
system supplier shall sample from each of the
following points:
A)
Each entry point after treatment; or
B)
Points in the distribution system that are
137
representative of each source.
3)
The supplier shall take each sample at the same
sampling point unless the Agency has granted a
SEP that designates another location as more
representative of each source, treatment plant,
or within the distribution system.
4)
If a system draws water from more than one
source, and the sources are combined before
distribution, the supplier shall sample at an
entry point during periods of normal operating
conditions when water is representative of all
sources being used.
BOARD NOTE: Subsections (b) and (c) above
derived from 40 CFR 141.24(h)(1) through (h)(3)
(1992).
d)
Monitoring frequency:
1)
Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier shall take four
consecutive quarterly samples for each of the
Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs during
each compliance period, beginning in the three-
year compliance period starting January 1,
1993in the initial compliance period.
2)
Suppliers serving more than 3,300 persons that
do not detect a contaminant in the initial
compliance period, shall take a minimum of two
quarterly samples in one year of each subsequent
three-year compliance period.
3)
Suppliers serving less than or equal to 3,300
persons that do not detect a contaminant in the
initial compliance period, shall take a minimum
of one sample during each subsequent three-year
compliance period.
e)
Reduction to annual monitoring frequency. A CWS or
NTNCWS supplier may apply to the Agency for a SEP
that releases it from the requirements of subsection
(d) above. A SEP from the requirement of subsection
(d) above shall last for only a single three-year
compliance period.
f)
Vulnerability Assessment. The Agency shall grant a
SEP from the requirements of subsection (d) above
based on consideration of the factors set forth at
Section 611.110(e).
138
g)
If one of the Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase V SOCs
is detected in any sample, then:
1)
The supplier shall monitor quarterly for the
contaminant at each sampling point that resulted
in a detection.
2)
Annual monitoring.
A)
A supplier may request that the Agency
grant a SEP pursuant to Section 610.110
that reduces the monitoring frequency to
annual.
B)
A request for a SEP must include the
following minimal information:
i)
For a GWS, two quarterly samples.
ii)
For a SWS or mixed system, four
quarterly samples.
C)
The Agency shall grant a SEP that allows
annual monitoring at a sampling point if it
determines that the sampling point is
reliably and consistently below the MCL.
D)
In issuing the SEP, the Agency shall
specify the level of the contaminant upon
which the "reliably and consistently"
determination was based All SEPs that
allow less frequent monitoring based on an
Agency "reliably and consistently"
determination shall include a condition
requiring the supplier to resume quarterly
monitoring pursuant to subsection (g)(1)
above if it detects any Phase II SOC.
3)
Suppliers that monitor annually shall monitor
during the quarter(s) that previously yielded
the highest analytical result.
4)
Suppliers that have three consecutive annual
samples with no detection of a contaminant at a
sampling point may apply to the Agency for a SEP
with respect to that point, as specified in
subsections (e) and (f) above.
5)
Monitoring for related contaminants.
A)
If monitoring results in detection of one
or more of the related contaminants listed
139
in subsection (g)(5)(B) below, subsequent
monitoring shall analyze for all the
related compounds in the respective group.
B)
Related contaminants:
i)
first group:
aldicarb
aldicarb sulfone
aldicarb sulfoxide
ii)
second group:
heptachlor
heptachlor epoxide,
h)
Quarterly monitoring following MCL violations.
1)
Suppliers that violate an MCL for one of the
Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase V SOCs, as
determined by subsection (k) below, shall
monitor quarterly for that contaminant at the
sampling point where the violation occurred,
beginning the next quarter after the violation.
2)
Annual monitoring.
A)
A supplier may request that the Agency
grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110
that reduces the monitoring frequency to
annual.
B)
A request for a SEP must include, at a
minimum, the results from four quarterly
samples.
C)
The Agency shall grant a SEP that allows
annual monitoring at a sampling point if it
determines that the sampling point is
reliably and consistently below the MCL.
D)
In issuing the SEP, the Agency shall
specify the level of the contaminant upon
which the "reliably and consistently"
determination was based All SEPs that
allow less frequent monitoring based on an
Agency "reliably and consistently"
determination shall include a condition
requiring the supplier to resume quarterly
monitoring pursuant to subsection (h)(1)
above if it detects any Phase II SOC.
140
E)
The supplier shall monitor during the
quarter(s) that previously yielded the
highest analytical result.
i)
Confirmation samples.
1)
If any of the Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase V
SOCs are detected in a sample, the supplier
shall take a confirmation sample as soon as
possible, but no later than 14 days after the
supplier receives notice of the detection.
2)
Averaging is as specified in subsection (k)
below.
3)
The Agency shall delete the original or
confirmation sample if it determines that a
sampling error occurred, in which case the
confirmation sample will replace the original or
confirmation sample.
j)
This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR
141.24(h)(10), an optional USEPA provision relating
to compositing of samples that USEPA does not
require for state programs. This statement
maintains structural consistency with USEPA rules.
k)
Compliance with the MCLs for the Phase II, Phase
IIB, and Phase V SOCs shall be determined based on
the analytical results obtained at each sampling
point.
1)
For suppliers that are conducting monitoring at
a frequency greater than annual, compliance is
determined by a running annual average of all
samples taken at each sampling point.
A)
If the annual average of any sampling point
is greater than the MCL, then the supplier
is out of compliance.
B)
If the initial sample or a subsequent
sample would cause the annual average to be
exceeded, then the supplier is out of
compliance immediately.
C)
Any samples below the detection limit must
be calculated as zero for purposes of
determining the annual average.
2)
If monitoring is conducted annually or less
141
frequently, the supplier is out of compliance if
the level of a contaminant at any sampling point
is greater than the MCL. If a confirmation
sample is taken, the determination of compliance
is based on the average of two samples.
3)
Public notice for a supplier out of compliance
is governed by Subpart T of this Part.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(h)(11)
(1992).
l)
Analysis for Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs
must be conducted using the following methods.
These methods, except for USEPA Dioxin and Furan
Method 1613, are contained in USEPA Organic
Methods,. All methods are incorporated by reference
in Section 611.102.
1)
Method 504,: "1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB) and
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) in Water by
Microextraction and Gas Chromatography.".
Method 504 can be used to measure 1,2-Dibromo-
3-chloropropane (dibromochloropropane or DBCP)
and 1,2-Dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide or
EDB).
2)
Method 505,: "Analysis of Organohalide
Pesticides and Commercial Polychlorinated
Biphenyl Products (Aroclors) in Water by
Microextraction and Gas Chromatography.".
Method 505 can be used to measure alachlor,
atrazine, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin,
heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, hexachloro-
benzene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene, lindane,
methoxychlor, simazine, and toxaphene. Method
505 can be used as a screen for PCBs.
3)
Method 507,: "Determination of Nitrogen- and
Phosphorus-Containing Pesticides in Ground Water
by Gas Chromatography with a Nitrogen-Phosphorus
Detector.". Method 507 can be used to measure
alachlor, and atrazine, and simazine.
4)
Method 508,: "Determination of Chlorinated
Pesticides in Water by Gas Chromatography with
an Electron Capture Detector.". Method 508 can
be used to measure chlordane, DDT, dieldrin,
endrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, hexa-
chlorobenzene, lindane, methoxychlor, and
toxaphene. Method 508 can be used as a screen
for PCBs.
142
5)
Method 508A,: "Screening for Polychlorinated
Biphenyls by Perchlorination and Gas
Chromatography.". Method 508A is used to
quantitate PCBs as decachlorobiphenyl if
detected in Methods 505 or 508.
6)
Method 515.1, revision 5.0 (May, 1991),:
"Determination of Chlorinated Acids in Water by
Gas Chromatography with an Electron Capture
Detector.". Method 515.1 can be used to measure
2,4-D, dalapon, dinoseb, pentachlorophenol,
picloram, and 2,4,5-TP (Silvex) and pentachloro-
phenol.
7)
Method 525.1, revision 3.0 (May, 1991),:
"Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking
Water by Liquid-Solid Extraction and Capillary
Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry.".
Method 525 can be used to measure alachlor,
atrazine, chlordane, di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate,
di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, endrin, heptachlor,
heptachlor epoxide, hexachlorobenzene, hexa-
chlorocyclopentadiene, lindane, methoxychlor,
and pentachlorophenol polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons, simazine, and toxaphene.
8)
Method 531.1,: "Measurement of N-Methyl
Carbamoyloximes and N-Methyl Carbamates in Water
by Direct Aqueous Injection HPLC with
Post-Column Derivatization.". Method 531.1 can
be used to measure aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide,
aldicarb sulfone, and carbofuran, and oxamyl.
9)
USEPA Dioxin and Furan Method 1613: "Tetra-
through Octa- Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans by
Isotope Dilution". Method 1613 can be used to
measure 2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin).
10)
Method 547: "Analysis of Glyphosate in Drinking
Water by Direct Aqueous Injection HPLC with
Post-Column Derivitization", available from
USEPA-OST. Method 547 can be used to measure
glyphosate.
11)
Method 548: "Determination of Endothall in
Aqueous Samples". Method 548 can be used to
measure endothall.
12)
Method 549: "Determination of Diquat and
Paraquat in Drinking Water by High Performance
Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet
143
Detection". Method 549 can be used to measure
diquat.
13)
Method 550: "Determination of Polycyclic
Aromatic Hydorcarbons in Drinking Water by
Liquid-Liquid Extraction and HPLC with Coupled
Ultraviolet and Fluorescence Detection". Method
550 can be used to measure benzo(a)pyrene and
other polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
14)
Method 550.1: "Determination of Polycyclic
Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Drinking Water by
Liquid-Solid Extraction and HPLC with Coupled
Ultraviolet and Fluorescence Detection". Method
550 can be used to measure benzo(a)pyrene and
other polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
m)
Analysis for PCBs must be conducted as follows:
1)
Each supplier that monitors for PCBs shall
analyze each sample using either USEPA Organic
Methods, Method 505 or Method 508.
2)
If PCBs are detected in any sample analyzed
using USEPA Organic Methods, Methods 505 or 508,
the supplier shall reanalyze the sample using
Method 508A to quantitate the individual
Aroclors (as decachlorobiphenyl).
3)
Compliance with the PCB MCL must be determined
based upon the quantitative results of analyses
using USEPA Organic Methods, Method 508A.
n)
Use of existing data.
1)
The Agency shall allow the use of data collected
after January 1, 1990 but prior to the effective
date of this Section, pursuant to Agency sample
request letters, if it determines that the data
are generally consistent with the requirements
of this Section.
2)
The Agency shall grant a SEP pursuant to Section
611.110 that allows a supplier to monitor
annually beginning January 1, 1993in the initial
compliance period if it determines that the
supplier did not detect any Phase I VOC or Phase
II VOC using existing data allowed pursuant to
subsection (n)(1) above.
o)
The Agency shall issue a SEP that increases the
number of sampling points or the frequency of
144
monitoring if it determines that this is necessary
to detect variations within the PWS due to such
factors as fluctuations in contaminant concentration
due to seasonal use or changes in the water source.
BOARD NOTE: At 40 CFR 141.24(h)(15), USEPA uses the
stated factors as non-limiting examples of
circumstances that make additional monitoring
necessary.
p)
This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR
141.24(h)(16), a USEPA provision that the Board has
not adopted because it reserves enforcement
authority to the state and would serve no useful
function as part of the state's rules. This
statement maintains structural consistency with
USEPA rules.
q)
Each supplier shall monitor, within each compliance
period, at the time designated by the Agency by SEP
pursuant to Section 611.110.
r)
"Detection" means greater than or equal to the
following concentrations for each contaminant:
1)
for PCBs (Aroclors):
Aroclor
Detection Limit (mg/L)
1016
0.00008
1221
0.02
1232
0.0005
1242
0.0003
1248
0.0001
1254
0.0001
1260
0.0002
2)
for other Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs:
Contaminant
Detection Limit
(mg/L)
Alachlor
0.0002
Aldicarb
0.0005
Aldicarb sulfoxide
0.0005
Aldicarb sulfone
0.0008
Atrazine
0.0001
Benzo(a)pyrene
0.00002
Carbofuran
0.0009
Chlordane
0.0002
2,4-D
0.0001
Dalapon
0.001
Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)
0.00002
145
2,4-D 0.0001
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
0.0006
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
0.0006
Dinoseb
0.0002
Diquat
0.0004
Endothall
0.009
Endrin
0.00001
Ethylene dibromide (EDB)
0.00001
Glyphosate
0.006
Heptachlor
0.00004
Heptachlor epoxide
0.00002
Hexachlorobenzene
0.0001
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
0.0001
Lindane
0.00002
Methoxychlor
0.0001
Oxamyl
0.002
Picloram
0.0001
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
(as decachlorobiphenyl)
0.0001
Pentachlorophenol
0.00004
Simazine
0.00007
Toxaphene
0.001
2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin)
0.000000005
2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
0.0002
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(h)
(1992).
s)
Laboratory Certification.
1)
Analyses under this Section must only be
conducted by laboratories that have received
approval by USEPA or the Agency according to the
following conditions.
2)
To receive certification to conduct analyses for
the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs the
laboratory must:
A)
Analyze performance evaluation samples
provided by the Agency pursuant to 35 Ill.
Adm. Code 183.125(c) that include these
substances; and
B)
Achieve quantitative results on the
analyses performed under subsection
(s)(2)(A) above that are within the
acceptance limits set forth in subsection
(s)(2)(C) above.
C)
Acceptance limits:
146
SOC
Acceptance Limits
Alachlor
± 45%
Aldicarb
2 standard deviations
Aldicarb sulfone
2 standard deviations
Aldicarb sulfoxide2 standard deviations
Atrazine
± 45%
Benzo(a)pyrene
2 standard deviations
Carbofuran
± 45%
Chlordane
± 45%
Dalapon
2 standard deviations
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
2 standard deviations
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
2 standard deviations
Dinoseb
2 standard deviations
Diquat
2 standard deviations
Endothall
2 standard deviations
Endrin
± 30%
Glyphosate
2 standard deviations
Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)
± 40%
Ethylene dibromide (EDB)
± 40%
Heptachlor
± 45%
Heptachlor epoxide
± 45%
Hexachlorobenzene2 standard deviations
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
2 standard deviations
Lindane
± 45%
Methoxychlor
± 45%
Oxamyl
2 standard deviations
PCBs (as Decachlorobiphenyl)
0-200%
Pentachlorophenol
± 50%
Picloram
2 standard deviations
Simazine
2 standard deviations
Toxaphene
± 45%
2,4-D
± 50%
2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin)
2 standard deviations
2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
± 50%
2,4-D ± 50%
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.24(h)
(1992), as amended at 57 Fed. Reg. 31842
(July 17, 1992).
(Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
)
Section 611.Appendix A
Mandatory Health Effects Information
1)
Trichloroethylene. The United States Environmental
147
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that trichloroethylene
is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This chemical is a common metal cleaning and dry
cleaning fluid. It generally gets into drinking
water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has
been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals
such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed
at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that
cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase
the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed at
lower levels over long periods of time. USEPA has
set forth the enforceable drinking water standard
for trichloroethylene at 0.005 parts per million
(ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse
health effects which have been observed in
laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets this
standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and should be considered safe.
2)
Carbon tetrachloride. The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that
carbon tetrachloride is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure. This chemical was once a
popular household cleaning fluid. It generally gets
into drinking water by improper waste disposal.
This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
cancer in humans who are exposed at lower levels
over long periods of time. USEPA has set the
enforceable drinking water standard for carbon
tetrachloride at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to
reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health
effects which have been observed in laboratory
animals. Drinking water which meets this standard
is associated with little to none of this risk and
should be considered safe.
3)
1,2-Dichloroethane. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that 1,2-dichloroethane
is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This chemical is used as a cleaning fluid for fats,
oils, waxes and resins. It generally gets into
drinking water by improper waste disposal. This
chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed at high levels over their
148
lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
cancer in humans who are exposed at lower levels
over long periods of time. USEPA has set the
enforceable drinking water standard for 1,2-
dichloroethane at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to
reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health
effects which have been observed in laboratory
animals. Drinking water which meets this standard
is associated with little to none of this risk and
should be considered safe.
4)
Vinyl chloride. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that vinyl chloride is
a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This chemical is used in industry and is found in
drinking water as a result of the breakdown of
related solvents. The solvents are used as cleaners
and degreasers of metals and generally get into
drinking water by improper waste disposal. This
chemical has been associated with significantly
increased risks of cancer among certain industrial
workers who were exposed to relatively large amounts
of this chemical during their working careers. This
chemical has also been shown to cause cancer in
laboratory animals when the animals are exposed at
high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that
cause increased risk of cancer among exposed
industrial workers and in laboratory animals also
may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are
exposed at lower levels over long periods of time.
USEPA has set the enforceable drinking water
standard for vinyl chloride at 0.002 parts per
million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other
adverse health effects which have been observed in
laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets this
standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and should be considered safe.
5)
Benzene. The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that benzene is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This chemical is used
as a solvent and degreaser of metals. It is also a
major component of gasoline. Drinking water
contamination generally results from leaking
underground gasoline and petroleum tanks or improper
waste disposal. This chemical has been associated
with significantly increased risks of leukemia among
certain industrial workers who were exposed to
relatively large amounts of this chemical during
149
their working careers. This chemical has also been
shown to This chemical has been shown to cause
cancer in laboratory animals when the animals are
exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.
Chemicals that cause increased risk of cancer among
exposed industrial workers and in laboratory animals
also may increase the risk of cancer in humans who
are exposed at lower levels over long periods of
time. USEPA has set the enforceable drinking water
standard for benzene at 0.005 parts per million
(ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse
health effects which have been observed in humans
and laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets
this standard is associated with little to none of
this risk and should be considered safe.
6)
1,1-Dichloroethylene. The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that
1,1-dichloroethylene is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure. This chemical is used in
industry and is found in drinking water as a result
of the breakdown of related solvents. The solvents
are used as cleaners and degreasers of metals and
generally into drinking water by improper waste
disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause
liver and kidney damage in laboratory animals such
as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at
high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that
cause adverse effects in laboratory animals also may
cause adverse health effects in humans who are
exposed at lower levels over long periods of time.
USEPA has set the enforceable drinking water
standard for 1,1-dichloroethylene at 0.007 parts per
million (ppm) to reduce the risk of these adverse
health effects which have been observed in
laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets this
standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and should be considered safe.
7)
Para-dichlorobenzene. The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that
para-dichlorobenzene is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure. This chemical is a component of
deodorizers, moth balls and pesticides. It
generally gets into drinking water by improper waste
disposal. This chemical has been shown to cause
liver and kidney damage in laboratory animals such
as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at
high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals which
cause adverse effects in laboratory animals also may
150
cause adverse health effects in humans who are
exposed at lower levels over long periods of time.
USEPA has set the enforceable drinking water
standard for para-dichlorobenzene at 0.075 parts per
million (ppm) to reduce the risk of these adverse
health effects which have been observed in
laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets this
standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and should be considered safe.
8)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane. The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that
1,1,1-trichloroethane is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure. This chemical is used as a
cleaner and degreaser of metals. It generally gets
into drinking water by improper waste disposal.
This chemical has been shown to damage the liver,
nervous system and circulatory system of laboratory
animals such as rats and mice when the animals are
exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Some
industrial workers who were exposed to relatively
large amounts of this chemical during their working
careers also suffered damage to the liver, nervous
system and circulatory system. Chemicals which
cause adverse effects among exposed industrial
workers and in laboratory animals also may cause
adverse health effects in humans who are exposed at
lower levels over long periods of time. USEPA has
set the enforceable drinking water standard for
1,1,1-trichloroethane at 0.2 parts per million (ppm)
to protect against the risk of these adverse health
effects which have been observed in laboratory
animals. Drinking water which meets this standard
is associated with little to none of this risk and
should be considered safe.
9)
Fluoride. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
requires that we send you this notice on the level
of fluoride in your drinking water. The drinking
water in your community has a fluoride concentration
of milligrams per liter (mg/L).
Federal regulations require that fluoride, which
occurs naturally in your water supply, not exceed a
concentration of 4.0 mg/L in drinking water. This
is an enforceable standard called a Maximum
Contaminant Level (MCL), and it has been established
to protect the public health. Exposure to drinking
water levels above 4.0 mg/L for many years may
result in some cases of crippling skeletal
fluorosis, which is a serious bone disorder.
151
Federal law also requires that we notify you when
monitoring indicates that the fluoride in your
drinking water exceeds 2.0 mg/L. This is intended
to alert families about dental problems that might
affect children under nine years of age. The
fluoride concentration of your water exceeds this
federal guideline.
Fluoride in children's drinking water at levels of
approximately 1 mg/L reduces the number of dental
cavities. However, some children exposed to levels
of fluoride greater than about 2.0 mg/L may develop
dental fluorosis. Dental fluorosis, in its moderate
and severe forms, is a brown staining and/or pitting
of the permanent teeth.
Because dental fluorosis occurs only when developing
teeth (before they erupt from the gums) are exposed
to elevated fluoride levels, households without
children are not expected to be affected by this
level of fluoride. Families with children under the
age of nine are encouraged to seek other sources of
drinking water for their children to avoid the
possibility of staining and pitting.
Your water supplier can lower the concentration of
fluoride in your water so that you will still
receive the benefits of cavity prevention while the
possibility of stained and pitted teeth is
minimized. Removal of fluoride may increase your
water costs. Treatment systems are also
commercially available for home use. Information on
such systems is available at the address given
below. Low fluoride bottled drinking water that
would meet all standards is also commercially
available.
For further information, contact at your
water system.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(e)(9) and
143.5 (1992).
10)
Microbiological contaminants (for use when there is
a violation of the treatment technique requirements
for filtration and disinfection in Subpart B of this
Part). The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that the presence of microbiological
contaminants are a health concern at certain levels
of exposure. If water is inadequately treated,
152
microbiological contaminants in that water may cause
disease. Disease symptoms may include diarrhea,
cramps, nausea and possibly jaundice and any
associated headaches and fatigue. These symptoms,
however, are not just associated with disease-
causing organisms in drinking water, but also may be
caused by a number of factors other than your
drinking water. USEPA has set enforceable
requirements for treating drinking water to reduce
the risk of these adverse health effects. Treatment
such as filtering and disinfecting the water removes
or destroys microbiological contaminants. Drinking
water which is treated to meet USEPA requirements is
associated with little to none of this risk and
should be considered safe.
11)
Total coliforms. (To be used when there is a
violation of Section 611.325(a) and not a violation
of Section 611.325(b)). The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that the
presence of total coliforms is a possible health
concern. Total coliforms are common in the
environment and are generally not harmful
themselves. The presence of these bacteria in
drinking water, however, generally is a result of a
problem with water treatment or the pipes which
distribute the water and indicates that the water
may be contaminated with organisms that can cause
disease. Disease symptoms may include diarrhea,
cramps, nausea and possibly jaundice, and any
associated headaches and fatigue. These symptoms,
however, are not just associated with disease-
causing organisms in drinking water, but also may be
caused by a number of factors other than your
drinking water. USEPA has set an enforceable
drinking water standard for total coliforms to
reduce the risk of these adverse health effects.
Under this standard, no more than 5.0 percent of the
samples collected during a month can contain these
bacteria, except that systems collecting fewer than
40 samples/month that have one total coliform-
positive sample per month are not violating the
standard. Drinking water which meets this standard
is usually not associated with a health risk from
disease-causing bacteria and should be considered
safe.
12)
Fecal Coliforms/E. coli. (To be used when there is
a violation of Section 611.325(b) or both Section
611.325(a) and (b)). The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
153
drinking water standards and has determined that the
presence of fecal coliforms or E. coli is a serious
health concern. Fecal coliforms and E. coli are
generally not harmful themselves, but their presence
in drinking water is serious because they usually
are associated with sewage or animal wastes. The
presence of these bacteria in drinking water is
generally a result of a problem with water treatment
or the pipes which distribute the water and
indicates that the water may be contaminated with
organisms that can cause disease. Disease symptoms
may include diarrhea, cramps, nausea and possibly
jaundice, and associated headaches and fatigue.
These symptoms, however, are not just associated
with disease-causing organisms in drinking water,
but also may be caused by a number of factors other
than your drinking water. USEPA has set an
enforceable drinking water standard for fecal
coliforms and E. coli to reduce the risk of these
adverse health effects. Under this standard all
drinking water samples must be free of these
bacteria. Drinking water which meets this standard
is associated with little or none of this risk and
should be considered safe. State and local health
authorities recommend that consumers take the
following precautions: [To be inserted by the
public water system, according to instruction from
State or local authorities].
13)
Lead. The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that lead is a health concern at certain
exposure levels. Materials that contain lead have
frequently been used in the construction of water
supply distribution systems, and plumbing systems in
private homes and other buildings. The most
commonly found materials include service lines,
pipes, brass and bronze fixtures, and solders and
fluxes. Lead in these materials can contaminate
drinking water as a result of the corrosion that
takes place when water comes into contact with those
materials. Lead can cause a variety of adverse
health effects in humans. At relatively low levels
of exposure, these effects may include interference
with red blood cell chemistry, delays in normal
physical and mental development in babies and young
children, slight deficits in the attention span,
hearing, and learning abilities of children, and
slight increases in the blood pressure of some
adults. USEPA's national primary drinking water
regulation requires all public water systems to
optimize corrosion control to minimize lead
154
contamination resulting from the corrosion of
plumbing materials. Public water systems serving
50,000 people or fewer that have lead concentrations
below 15 parts per billion (ppb) in more than 90% of
tap water samples (the USEPA "action level") have
optimized their corrosion control treatment. Any
water system that exceeds the action level must also
monitor their source water to determine whether
treatment to remove lead in source water is needed.
Any water system that continues to exceed the
action level after installation of corrosion control
and/or source water treatment must eventually
replace all lead service lines contributing in
excess of 15 ppb of lead to drinking water. Any
water system that exceeds the action level must also
undertake a public education program to inform
consumers of ways they can reduce their exposure to
potentially high levels of lead in drinking water.
14)
Copper. The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that copper is a health concern at
certain exposure levels. Copper, a reddish-brown
metal, is often used to plumb residential and
commercial structures that are connected to water
distribution systems. Copper contaminating drinking
water as a corrosion by-product occurs as the result
of the corrosion of copper pipes that remain in
contact with water for a prolonged period of time.
Copper is an essential nutrient, but at high doses
it has been shown to cause stomach and intestinal
distress, liver and kidney damage, and anemia.
Persons with Wilson's disease may be at a higher
risk of health effects due to copper than the
general public. USEPA's national primary drinking
water regulation requires all public water systems
to install optimal corrosion control to minimize
copper contamination resulting from the corrosion of
plumbing materials. Public water systems serving
50,000 people or fewer that have copper
concentrations below 1.3 parts per million (ppm) in
more than 90% of tap water samples (the USEPA
"action level") are not required to install or
improve their treatment. Any water system that
exceeds the action level must also monitor their
source water to determine whether treatment to
remove copper in source water is needed.
15)
Asbestos. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that asbestos fibers
greater than 10 micrometers in length are a health
155
concern at certain levels of exposure. Asbestos is
a naturally occurring mineral. Most asbestos fibers
in drinking water are less than 10 micrometers in
length and occur in drinking water from natural
sources and from corroded asbestos-cement pipes in
the distribution system. The major uses of asbestos
were in the production of cements, floor tiles,
paper products, paint, and caulking; in
transportation-related applications; and in the
production of textiles and plastics. Asbestos was
once a popular insulating and fire retardant
material. Inhalation studies have shown that
various forms of asbestos have produced lung tumors
in laboratory animals. The available information on
the risk of developing gastrointestinal tract cancer
associated with the ingestion of asbestos from
drinking water is limited. Ingestion of
intermediate-range chrysolite asbestos fibers
greater than 10 micrometers in length is associated
with causing benign tumors in male rats. Chemicals
that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may
increase the risk of cancer in humans who are
exposed over long periods of time. USEPA has set
the drinking water standard for asbestos at 7
million long fibers per liter to reduce the
potential risk of cancer or other adverse health
effects which have been observed in laboratory
animals. Drinking water which meets the USEPA
standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and should be considered safe with respect to
asbestos.
16)
Barium. The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that barium is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This inorganic chemical
occurs naturally in some aquifers that serve as
sources of groundwater. It is also used in oil and
gas drilling muds, automotive paints, bricks, tiles,
and jet fuels. It generally gets into drinking
water after dissolving from naturally occurring
minerals in the ground. This chemical may damage
the heart and vascular system, and is associated
with high blood pressure in laboratory animals such
as rats exposed to high levels during their
lifetimes. In humans, USEPA believes that effects
from barium on blood pressure should not occur below
2 parts per million (ppm) in drinking water. USEPA
has set the drinking water standard for barium at 2
parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk
of these adverse health effects. Drinking water
that meets the USEPA standard is associated with
156
little to none of this risk and is considered safe
with respect to barium.
17)
Cadmium. The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that cadmium is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. Food and the smoking of
tobacco are common sources of general exposure.
This inorganic metal is a contaminant in the metals
used to galvanize pipe. It generally gets into
water by corrosion of galvanized pipes or by
improper waste disposal. This chemical has been
shown to damage the kidney in animals such as rats
and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels
over their lifetimes. Some industrial workers who
were exposed to relatively large amounts of this
chemical during working careers also suffered damage
to the kidney. USEPA has set the drinking water
standard for cadmium at 0.005 parts per million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse
health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to cadmium.
18)
Chromium. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that chromium is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
inorganic metal occurs naturally in the ground and
is often used in the electroplating of metals. It
generally gets into water from runoff from old
mining operations and improper waste disposal from
plating operations. This chemical has been shown to
damage the kidney, nervous system, and the
circulatory system of laboratory animals such as
rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high
levels. Some humans who were exposed to high levels
of this chemical suffered liver and kidney damage,
dermatitis and respiratory problems. USEPA has set
the drinking water standard for chromium at 0.1
parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk
of these adverse health effects. Drinking water
that meets the USEPA standard is associated with
little to none of this risk and is considered safe
with respect to chromium.
19)
Mercury. The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that mercury is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This inorganic metal is
used in electrical equipment and some water pumps.
It usually gets into water as a result of improper
157
waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to
damage the kidney of laboratory animals such as rats
when the animals are exposed at high levels over
their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water
standard for mercury at 0.002 parts per million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse
health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to mercury.
20)
Nitrate. The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that nitrate poses an acute health
concern at certain levels of exposure. Nitrate is
used in fertilizer and is found in sewage and wastes
from human and/or farm animals and generally gets
into drinking water from those activities.
Excessive levels of nitrate in drinking water have
caused serious illness and sometimes death in
infants under six months of age. The serious
illness in infants is caused because nitrate is
converted to nitrite in the body. Nitrite
interferes with the oxygen carrying capacity of the
child's blood. This is an acute disease in that
symptoms can develop rapidly in infants. In most
cases, health deteriorates over a period of days.
Symptoms include shortness of breath and blueness of
the skin. Clearly, expert medical advice should be
sought immediately if these symptoms occur. The
purpose of this notice is to encourage parents and
other responsible parties to provide infants with an
alternate source of drinking water. Local and State
health authorities are the best source for
information concerning alternate sources of drinking
water for infants. USEPA has set the drinking water
standard at 10 parts per million (ppm) for nitrate
to protect against the risk of these adverse
effects. USEPA has also set a drinking water
standard for nitrite at 1 ppm. To allow for the
fact that the toxicity of nitrate and nitrite are
additive. USEPA has also established a standard for
the sum of nitrate and nitrite at 10 ppm. Drinking
water that meets the USEPA standard is associated
with little to none of this risk and is considered
safe with respect to nitrate.
21)
Nitrite. The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that nitrite poses an acute health
concern at certain levels of exposure. This
inorganic chemical is used in fertilizers and is
found in sewage and wastes from humans and/or farm
158
animals and generally gets into drinking water as a
result of those activities. While excessive levels
of nitrite in drinking water have not been observed,
other sources of nitrite have caused serious illness
and sometimes death in infants under six months of
age. The serious illness in infants is caused
because nitrite interferes with the oxygen carrying
capacity of the child's blood. This is an acute
disease in that symptoms can develop rapidly.
However, in most cases, health deteriorates over a
period of days. Symptoms include shortness of
breath and blueness of the skin. Clearly, expert
medical advice should be sought immediately if these
symptoms occur. The purpose of this notice is to
encourage parents and other responsible parties to
provide infants with an alternate source of drinking
water. Local and State health authorities are the
best source for information concerning alternate
sources of drinking water for infants. USEPA has
set the drinking water standard at 1 part per
million (ppm) for nitrite to protect against the
risk of these adverse effects. USEPA has also set a
drinking water standard for nitrate (converted to
nitrite in humans) at 10 ppm and for the sum of
nitrate and nitrite at 10 ppm. Drinking water that
meets the USEPA standard is associated with little
to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to nitrite.
22)
Selenium. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that selenium is a
health concern at certain high levels of exposure.
Selenium is also an essential nutrient at low levels
of exposure. This inorganic chemical is found
naturally in food and soils and is used in
electronics, photocopy operations, the manufacture
of glass, chemicals, drugs, and as a fungicide and a
feed additive. In humans, exposure to high levels
of selenium over a long period of time has resulted
in a number of adverse health effects, including a
loss of feeling and control in the arms and legs.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
selenium at 0.05 parts per million (ppm) to protect
against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to selenium.
23)
Acrylamide. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that acrylamide is a
159
health concern at certain levels of exposure.
Polymers made from acrylamide are sometimes used to
treat water supplies to remove particulate
contaminants. Acrylamide has been shown to cause
cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice
when the animals are exposed at high levels over
their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
of time. Sufficiently large doses of acrylamide are
known to cause neurological injury. USEPA has set
the drinking water standard for acrylamide using a
treatment technique to reduce the risk of cancer or
other adverse health effects which have been
observed in laboratory animals. This treatment
technique limits the amount of acrylamide in the
polymer and the amount of the polymer which may be
added to drinking water to remove particulates.
Drinking water systems which comply with this
treatment technique have little to no risk and are
considered safe with respect to acrylamide.
24)
Alachlor. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that alachlor is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is a widely used pesticide. When
soil and climatic conditions are favorable, alachlor
may get into drinking water by runoff into surface
water or by leaching into groundwater. This
chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory
animals also may increase the risk of cancer in
humans who are exposed over long periods of time.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
alachlor at 0.002 parts per million (ppm) to reduce
the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects
which have been observed in laboratory animals.
Drinking water that meets this standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to alachlor.
25)
Aldicarb. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that aldicarb is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure.
Aldicarb is a widely used pesticide. Under certain
soil and climatic conditions (e.g., sandy soil and
high rainfall), aldicarb may leach into groundwater
after normal agricultural applications to crops such
160
as potatoes or peanuts or may enter drinking water
supplies as a result of surface runoff. This
chemical has been shown to damage the nervous system
in laboratory animals such as rats and dogs exposed
to high levels. USEPA has set the drinking water
standard for aldicarb at 0.003 parts per million
(ppm) to reduce the risk of adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets this standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to aldicarb.
26)
Aldicarb sulfoxide. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that aldicarb sulfoxide
is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
Aldicarb is a widely used pesticide. Aldicarb
sulfoxide in groundwater is primarily a breakdown
product of aldicarb. Under certain soil and
climatic conditions (e.g., sandy soil and high
rainfall), aldicarb sulfoxide may leach into
groundwater after normal agricultural applications
to crops such as potatoes or peanuts or may enter
drinking water supplies as a result of surface
runoff. This chemical has been shown to damage the
nervous system in laboratory animals such as rats
and dogs exposed to high levels. USEPA has set the
drinking water standard for aldicarb sulfoxide at
0.004 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of
adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets
this standard is associated with little to none of
this risk and is considered safe with respect to
aldicarb sulfoxide.
27)
Aldicarb sulfone. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that aldicarb sulfone
is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
Aldicarb is a widely used pesticide. Aldicarb
sulfone in groundwater is primarily a breakdown
product of aldicarb. Under certain soil and
climatic conditions (e.g., sandy soil and high
rainfall), aldicarb sulfone may leach into
groundwater after normal agricultural applications
to crops such as potatoes or peanuts or may enter
drinking water supplies as a result of surface
runoff. This chemical has been shown to damage the
nervous system in laboratory animals such as rats
and dogs exposed to high levels. USEPA has set the
drinking water standard for aldicarb sulfone at
0.002 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of
adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets
this standard is associated with little to none of
161
this risk and is considered safe with respect to
aldicarb sulfone.
28)
Atrazine. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that atrazine is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is a herbicide. When soil and
climatic conditions are favorable, atrazine may get
into drinking water by runoff into surface water or
by leaching into groundwater. This chemical has
been shown to affect offspring of rats and the heart
of dogs. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
for atrazine at 0.003 parts per million (ppm) to
protect against the risk of these adverse health
effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to
atrazine.
29)
Carbofuran. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that carbofuran is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is a pesticide. When soil and
climatic conditions are favorable, carbofuran may
get into drinking water by runoff into surface water
or by leaching into groundwater. This chemical has
been shown to damage the nervous and reproductive
systems of laboratory animals such as rats and mice
exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Some
humans who were exposed to relatively large amounts
of this chemical during their working careers also
suffered damage to the nervous system. Effects on
the nervous system are generally rapidly reversible.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
carbofuran at 0.04 parts per million (ppm) to
protect against the risk of these adverse health
effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to carbo-
furan.
30)
Chlordane. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that chlordane is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is a pesticide used to control
termites. Chlordane is not very mobile in soils.
It usually gets into drinking water after
application near water supply intakes or wells.
This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
162
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
for chlordane at 0.002 parts per million (ppm) to
reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health
effects which have been observed in laboratory
animals. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to
chlordane.
31)
Dibromochloropropane (DBCP). The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that
DBCP is a health concern at certain levels of
exposure. This organic chemical was once a popular
pesticide. When soil and climatic conditions are
favorable, DBCP may get into drinking water by
runoff into surface water or by leaching into
groundwater. This chemical has been shown to cause
cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice
when the animals are exposed at high levels over
their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
for DBCP at 0.0002 parts per million (ppm) to reduce
the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects
which have been observed in laboratory animals.
Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to DBCP.
32)
o-Dichlorobenzene. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that o-dichlorobenzene
is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This organic chemical is used as a solvent in the
production of pesticides and dyes. It generally
gets into water by improper waste disposal. This
chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney
and the blood cells of laboratory animals such as
rats and mice exposed to high levels during their
lifetimes. Some industrial workers who were exposed
to relatively large amounts of this chemical during
working careers also suffered damage to the liver,
nervous system, and circulatory system. USEPA has
set the drinking water standard for
o-dichlorobenzene at 0.6 parts per million (ppm) to
163
protect against the risk of these adverse health
effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to
o-dichlorobenzene.
33)
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene. The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) establishes
drinking water standards and has determined that
cis-1,2-dichloroethylene is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
is used as a solvent and intermediate in chemical
production. It generally gets into water by
improper waste disposal. This chemical has been
shown to damage the liver, nervous system, and
circulatory system of laboratory animals such as
rats and mice when exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes. Some humans who were exposed to
relatively large amounts of this chemical also
suffered damage to the nervous system. USEPA has
set the drinking water standard for
cis-1,2-dichloroethylene at 0.07 parts per million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse
health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to
cis-1,2-dichloroethylene.
34)
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene. The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) establishes
drinking water standards and has determined that
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is
used as a solvent and intermediate in chemical
production. It generally gets into water by
improper waste disposal. This chemical has been
shown to damage the liver, nervous system, and the
circulatory system of laboratory animals such as
rats and mice when exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes. Some humans who were exposed to
relatively large amounts of this chemical also
suffered damage to the nervous system. USEPA has
set the drinking water standard for
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene at 0.1 parts per million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse
health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene.
35)
1,2-Dichloropropane. The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
164
drinking water standards and has determined that
1,2-dichloropropane is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used
as a solvent and pesticide. When soil and climatic
conditions are favorable, 1,2-dichloropropane may
get into drinking water by runoff into surface water
or by leaching into groundwater. It may also get
into drinking water through improper waste disposal.
This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
for 1,2-dichloropropane at 0.005 parts per million
(ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse
health effects which have been observed in
laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets the
USEPA standard is associated with little to none of
this risk and is considered safe with respect to
1,2-dichloropropane.
36)
2,4-D. This contaminant is subject to a "additional
State requirement". The supplier shall give the
following notice if the level exceeds the Section
611.311 MCL. If the level exceeds the Section
611.310 MCL, but not that of Section 611.311, the
supplier shall give a general notice under Section
611.854.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that 2,4-D is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used
as a herbicide and to control algae in reservoirs.
When soil and climatic conditions are favorable,
2,4-D may get into drinking water by runoff into
surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This
chemical has been shown to damage the liver and
kidney of laboratory animals such as rats exposed at
high levels during their lifetimes. Some humans who
were exposed to relatively large amounts of this
chemical also suffered damage to the nervous system.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for 2,4-D
at 0.07 parts per million (ppm) to protect against
the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking
water that meets the USEPA standard is associated
with little to none of this risk and is considered
safe with respect to 2,4-D.
37)
Epichlorohydrin. The United States Environmental
165
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that epichlorohydrin is
a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
Polymers made from epichlorohydrin are sometimes
used in the treatment of water supplies as a
flocculent to remove particulates. Epichlorohydrin
generally gets into drinking water by improper use
of these polymers. This chemical has been shown to
cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and
mice when the animals are exposed at high levels
over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer
in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
for epichlorohydrin using a treatment technique to
reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health
effects which have been observed in laboratory
animals. This treatment technique limits the amount
of epichlorohydrin in the polymer and the amount of
the polymer which may be added to drinking water as
a flocculent to remove particulates. Drinking water
systems which comply with this treatment technique
have little to no risk and are considered safe with
respect to epichlorohydrin.
38)
Ethylbenzene. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined ethylbenzene is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is a major component of gasoline.
It generally gets into water by improper waste
disposal or leaking gasoline tanks. This chemical
has been shown to damage the kidney, liver, and
nervous system of laboratory animals such as rats
exposed to high levels during their lifetimes.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
ethylbenzene at 0.7 parts per million (ppm) to
protect against the risk of these adverse health
effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to
ethylbenzene.
39)
Ethylene dibromide (EDB). The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that EDB
is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This organic chemical was once a popular pesticide.
When soil and climatic conditions are favorable,
EDB may get into drinking water by runoff into
surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This
chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
166
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
for EDB at 0.00005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce
the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects
which have been observed in laboratory animals.
Drinking water that meets this standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to EDB.
40)
Heptachlor. This contaminant is subject to a
"additional State requirement". The supplier shall
give the following notice if the level exceeds the
Section 611.311 MCL. If the level exceeds the
Section 611.310 MCL, but not that of Section
611.311, the supplier shall give a general notice
under Section 611.854.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that heptachlor is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
was once a popular pesticide. When soil and
climatic conditions are favorable, heptachlor may
get into drinking water by runoff into surface water
or by leaching into groundwater. This chemical has
been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals
such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed
at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that
cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase
the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over
long periods of time. USEPA has set the drinking
water standards for heptachlor at 0.0004 parts per
million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other
adverse health effects which have been observed in
laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets this
standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to
heptachlor.
41)
Heptachlor epoxide. This contaminant is subject to
a "additional State requirement". The supplier
shall give the following notice if the level exceeds
the Section 611.311 MCL. If the level exceeds the
Section 611.310 MCL, but not that of Section
611.311, the supplier shall give a general notice
under Section 611.854.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency
167
(USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that heptachlor epoxide is a health
concern at certain levels of exposure. This organic
chemical was once a popular pesticide. When soil
and climatic conditions are favorable, heptachlor
epoxide may get into drinking water by runoff into
surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This
chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standards
for heptachlor epoxide at 0.0002 parts per million
(ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse
health effects which have been observed in
laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets this
standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to
heptachlor epoxide.
42)
Lindane. The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that lindane is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
is used as a pesticide. When soil and climatic
conditions are favorable, lindane may get into
drinking water by runoff into surface water or by
leaching into groundwater. This chemical has been
shown to damage the liver, kidney, nervous system,
and immune system of laboratory animals such as
rats, mice and dogs exposed at high levels during
their lifetimes. Some humans who were exposed to
relatively large amounts of this chemical also
suffered damage to the nervous system and
circulatory system. USEPA has established the
drinking water standard for lindane at 0.0002 parts
per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of
these adverse health effects. Drinking water that
meets the USEPA standard is associated with little
to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to lindane.
43)
Methoxychlor. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that methoxychlor is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is used as a pesticide. When soil
and climatic conditions are favorable, methoxychlor
may get into drinking water by runoff into surface
water or by leaching into groundwater. This
168
chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney,
nervous system, and reproductive system of
laboratory animals such as rats exposed at high
levels during their lifetimes. It has also been
shown to produce growth retardation in rats. USEPA
has set the drinking water standard for methoxychlor
at 0.04 parts per million (ppm) to protect against
the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking
water that meets the USEPA standard is associated
with little to none of this risk and is considered
safe with respect to methoxychlor.
44)
Monochlorobenzene. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that monochlorobenzene
is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This organic chemical is used as a solvent. It
generally gets into water by improper waste
disposal. This chemical has been shown to damage
the liver, kidney and nervous system of laboratory
animals such as rats and mice exposed to high levels
during their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking
water standard for monochlorobenzene at 0.1 parts
per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of
these adverse health effects. Drinking water that
meets the USEPA standard is associated with little
to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to monochlorobenzene.
45)
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a health
concern at certain levels of exposure. These
organic chemicals were once widely used in
electrical transformers and other industrial
equipment. They generally get into drinking water
by improper waste disposal or leaking electrical
industrial equipment. This chemical has been shown
to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats
and mice when the animals are exposed at high levels
over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer
in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
for PCBs at 0.0005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce
the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects
which have been observed in laboratory animals.
Drinking water that meets this standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to PCBs.
169
46)
Pentachlorophenol. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that pentachlorophenol
is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This organic chemical is widely used as a wood
preservative, herbicide, disinfectant, and
defoliant. It generally gets into drinking water by
runoff into surface water or leaching into
groundwater. This chemical has been shown to
produce adverse reproductive effects and to damage
the liver and kidneys of laboratory animals such as
rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high
levels over their lifetimes. Some humans who were
exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical
also suffered damage to the liver and kidneys. This
chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
for pentachlorophenol at 0.001 parts per million
(ppm) to reduce the risk of adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets this standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to pentachlorophenol.
47)
Styrene. The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that styrene is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
is commonly used to make plastics and is sometimes a
component of resins used for drinking water
treatment. Styrene may get into drinking water from
improper waste disposal. This chemical has been
shown to damage the liver and nervous system in
laboratory animals when exposed at high levels
during their lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking
water standard for styrene at 0.1 parts per million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse
health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to styrene.
48)
Tetrachloroethylene. The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that
tetrachloroethylene is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure. This organic chemical has been
a popular solvent, particularly for dry cleaning.
It generally gets into drinking water by improper
170
waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to
cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and
mice when the animals are exposed at high levels
over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
for tetrachloroethylene at 0.005 parts per million
(ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse
health effects which have been observed in
laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets this
standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to
tetrachloroethylene.
49)
Toluene. The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that toluene is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
is used as a solvent and in the manufacture of
gasoline for airplanes. It generally gets into water
by improper waste disposal or leaking underground
storage tanks. This chemical has been shown to
damage the kidney, nervous system, and circulatory
system of laboratory animals such as rats and mice
exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. Some
industrial workers who were exposed to relatively
large amounts of this chemical during working
careers also suffered damage to the liver, kidney
and nervous system. USEPA has set the drinking
water standard for toluene at 1 part per million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse
health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to toluene.
50)
Toxaphene. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that toxaphene is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical was once a pesticide widely used on
cotton, corn, soybeans, pineapples and other crops.
When soil and climatic conditions are favorable,
toxaphene may get into drinking water by runoff into
surface water or by leaching into groundwater. This
chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory
animals also may increase the risk of cancer in
humans who are exposed over long periods of time.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
171
toxaphene at 0.003 parts per million (ppm) to reduce
the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects
which have been observed in laboratory animals.
Drinking water that meets this standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to toxaphene.
51)
2,4,5-TP. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that 2,4,5-TP is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is used as a herbicide. When soil
and climatic conditions are favorable, 2,4,5-TP may
get into drinking water by runoff into surface water
or by leaching into groundwater. This chemical has
been shown to damage the liver and kidney of
laboratory animals such as rats and dogs exposed to
high levels during their lifetimes. Some industrial
workers who were exposed to relatively large amounts
of this chemical during working careers also
suffered damage to the nervous system. USEPA has
set the drinking water standard for 2,4,5-TP at 0.05
parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk
of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that
meets the USEPA standard is associated with little
to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to 2,4,5-TP.
52)
Xylenes. The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that xylene is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
is used in the manufacture of gasoline for airplanes
and as a solvent for pesticides, and as a cleaner
and degreaser of metals. It usually gets into water
by improper waste disposal. This chemical has been
shown to damage the liver, kidney and nervous system
of laboratory animals such as rats and dogs exposed
to high levels during their lifetimes. Some humans
who were exposed to relatively large amounts of this
chemical also suffered damage to the nervous system.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
xylene at 10 parts per million (ppm) to protect
against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to xylene.
53)
Antimony. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that antimony is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
172
inorganic chemical occurs naturally in soils, ground
water, and surface water and is often used in the
flame retardant industry. It is also used in
ceramics and glass, batteries, fireworks, and
explosives. It may get into drinking water through
natural weathering of rock, industrial production,
municipal waste disposal, or manufacturing
processes. This chemical has been shown to decrease
longevity, and altered blood levels of cholesterol
and glucose in laboratory animals such as rats
exposed to high levels during their lifetimes.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
antimony at 0.006 parts per million (ppm) to protect
against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to antimony.
54)
Beryllium. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that beryllium is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
inorganic chemical occurs naturally in soils, ground
water, and surface water and is often used in
electrical equipment and electrical components. It
generally gets into water from runoff from mining
operations, discharge from processing plants, and
improper waste disposal. Beryllium compounds have
been associated with damage to the bones and lungs
and induction of cancer in laboratory animals such
as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to
high levels during their lifetimes. There is
limited evidence to suggest that beryllium may pose
a cancer risk via drinking water exposure.
Therefore, USEPA based the health assessment on
noncancer effects with and extra uncertainty factor
to account for possible carcinogenicity. Chemicals
that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may
increase the risk of cancer in humans who are
exposed over long periods of time. USEPA has set
the drinking water standard for beryllium at 0.004
parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk
of these adverse health effects. Drinking water
that meets the USEPA standard is associated with
little to none of this risk and is considered safe
with respect to beryllium.
56)
Cyanide. The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that cyanide is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This inorganic chemical
is used in electroplating, steel processing,
173
plastics, synthetic fabrics, and fertilizer
products. It usually gets into water as a result of
improper waste disposal. This chemical has been
shown to damage the spleen, brain, and liver of
humans fatally poisoned with cyanide. USEPA has set
the drinking water standard for cyanide at 0.2 parts
per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of
these adverse health effects. Drinking water that
meets the USEPA standard is associated with little
to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to cyanide.
56)
Nickel. The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that nickel is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This inorganic chemical
occurs naturally in soils, ground water, and surface
water and is often used in electroplating, stainless
steel, and alloy products. It generally gets into
water from mining and refining operations. This
chemical has been shown to damage the heart and
liver in laboratory animals when the animals are
exposed to high levels over their lifetimes. USEPA
has set the drinking water standard at 0.1 parts per
million (ppm) for nickel to protect against the risk
of these adverse health effects. Drinking water
that meets the USEPA standard is associated with
little to none of this risk and is considered safe
with respect to nickel.
57)
Thallium. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that thallium is a
health concern at certain high levels of exposure.
This inorganic chemical occurs naturally in soils,
ground water, and surface water and is used in
electronics, pharmaceuticals, and the manufacture of
glass and alloys. This chemical has been shown to
damage the kidney, liver, brain, and intestines of
laboratory animals when the animals are exposed to
high levels during their lifetimes. USEPA has set
the drinking water standard for thallium at 0.002
parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk
of these adverse health effects. Drinking water
that meets the USEPA standard is associated with
little to none of this risk and is considered safe
with respect to thallium.
58)
Benzo(a)pyrene. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that benzo(a)pyrene is
a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
174
Cigarette smoke and charbroiled meats are common
sources of general exposure. The major source of
benzo(a)pyrene in drinking water is the leaching
from coal tar lining and sealants in water storage
tanks. This chemical has been shown to cause cancer
in animals such as rats and mice when the animals
are exposed to high levels. USEPA has set the
drinking water standard for benzo(a)pyrene at 0.0002
parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk
of cancer. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to benzo-
(a)pyrene.
59)
Dalapon. The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that dalapon is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
is a widely used herbicide. It may get into
drinking water after application to control grasses
in crops, drainage ditches, and along railroads.
This chemical has been associated with damage to the
kidney and liver in laboratory animals when the
animals are exposed to high levels during their
lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water
standard for dalapon at 0.2 parts per million (ppm)
to protect against the risk of these adverse health
effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to dalapon.
60)
Dichloromethane. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that dichloromethane
(methylene chloride) is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure. This organic chemical is a
widely used solvent. It is used in the manufacture
of paint remover, as a metal degreaser, and as an
aerosol propellant. It generally gets into water
after improper discharge of waste disposal. This
chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed to high levels during their
lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
for dichloromethane at 0.005 parts per million (ppm)
to protect against the risk of cancer or other
adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets
the USEPA standard is associated with little to none
of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
175
dichloromethane.
61)
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate. The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that di-
(2-ethylhexyl)adipate is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure. Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate is a
widely used plasticizer in a variety of products,
including synthetic rubber, food packaging
materials, and cosmetics. It may get into drinking
water after improper waste disposal. This chemical
has been shown to damage the liver and testes in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed to high levels. USEPA has set
the drinking water standard for di(2-ethylhexyl)-
adipate at 0.4 parts per million (ppm) to protect
against the risk of adverse health effects that have
been observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water
that meets the USEPA standard is associated with
little to none of this risk and is considered safe
with respect to di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate.
62)
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that di-
(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. Di(2-ethylhexyl)-
phthalate is a widely used plasticizer, which is
primarily used in the production of polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) resins. It may get into drinking
water after improper waste disposal. This chemical
has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals
such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed
to high levels during their lifetimes. USEPA has
set the drinking water standard for di(2-ethyl-
hexyl)phthalate at 0.004 parts per million (ppm) to
protect against the risk of cancer or other adverse
health effects which have been abserved in
laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets the
USEPA standard is associated with little to none of
this risk and is considered safe with respect to di-
(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.
63)
Dinoseb. The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that dinoseb is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. Dinoseb is a widely
used pesticide and generally gets into water after
application on orchards, vineyards, and other crops.
This chemical has been shown to damage the thyroid
and reproductive organs in laboratory animals such
as rats exposed to high levels. USEPA has set the
176
drinking water standard for dinoseb at 0.007 parts
per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of
these adverse health effects. Drinking water that
meets the USEPA standard is associated with little
to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to dinoseb.
64)
Diquat. The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that diquat is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
is a herbicide used to control terrestrial and
aquatic weeds. It may get into drinking water by
runoff into surface water. This chemical has been
shown to damage the liver, kidney, and
gastrointestinal tract and causes cataract formation
in laboratory animals such as dogs and rats exposed
at high levels over their lifetimes. USEPA has set
the drinking water standard for diquat at 0.02 parts
per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of
these adverse health effects. Drinking water that
meets the USEPA standard is associated with little
to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to diquat.
65)
Endothall. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that endothall is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is a herbicide used to control
terrestrial and aquatic weeds. It may get into
drinking water by runoff into surface water. This
chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney,
gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive system of
laboratory animals such as rats and mice exposed at
high levels over their lifetimes. USEPA has set the
drinking water standard for endothall at 0.1 parts
per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of
these adverse health effects. Drinking water that
meets the USEPA standard is associated with little
to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to endothall.
66)
Endrin. The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that endrin is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
is a pesticide no longer registered for use in the
United States. However, this pesticide is
persistent in treated soils and accumulates in
sediments and aquatic and terrestrial biota. This
chemical has been shown to cause damage to the
177
liver, kidney, and heart in laboratory animals such
as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to
high levels during their lifetimes. USEPA has set
the drinking water standard for endrin at 0.002
parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk
of these adverse health effects that have been
observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that
meets the USEPA standard is associated with little
to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to endrin.
67)
Glyphosate. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that glyphosate is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is a herbicide used to control
grasses and weeds. It may get into drinking water
by runoff into surface water. This chemical has
been shown to cause damage to the liver and kidneys
in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed to high levels during their
lifetimes. USEPA has set the drinking water
standard for glyphosate at 0.7 parts per million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse
health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to
glyphosate.
68)
Hexachlorobenzene. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that hexachlorobenzene
is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This organic chemical is produced as an impurity in
the manufacture of certain solvents and pesticides.
This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed to high levels during their
lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
for hexachlorobenzene at 0.001 parts per million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of cancer and
other adverse health effects. Drinking water that
meets the USEPA standard is associated with little
to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to hexachlorobenzene.
69)
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene. The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that
178
hexachlorocyclopentadiene is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
is a used as an intermediate in the manufacture of
pesticides and flame retardants. It may get into
water by discharge from production facilities. This
chemical has been shown to damage the kidney and the
stomach of laboratory animals when exposed to high
levels during their lifetimes. USEPA has set the
drinking water standard for hexachlorocyclopenta-
diene at 0.05 parts per million (ppm) to protect
against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to hexachlorocyclope-
ntadiene.
70)
Oxamyl. The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water standards and has
determined that oxamyl is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
is used as a pesticide for the control of insects
and other pests. It may get into drinking water by
runoff into surface water or leaching into ground
water. This chemical has been shown to damage the
kidneys of laboratory animals such as rats when
exposed at high levels during their lifetimes.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for oxamyl
at 0.2 parts per million (ppm) to protect against
the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking
water that meets the USEPA standard is associated
with little to none of this risk and is considered
safe with respect to oxamyl.
71)
Picloram. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that picloram is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is used as a pesticide for
broadleaf weed control. It may get into drinking
water by runoff into surface water or leaching into
groundwater as a result of pesticide application and
improper waste disposal. This chemical has been
shown to cause damage to the kidneys and liver in
laboratory animals such as rats when the animals are
exposed to high levels during their lifetimes.
USEPA has set the drinking water standard for
picloram at 0.5 parts per million (ppm) to protect
against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to picloram.
179
72)
Simazine. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) sets drinking water
standards and has determined that simazine is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is a herbicide used to control
annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. It may leach
into groundwater or run off into surface water after
application. This chemical may cause cancer in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed to high levels during their
lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
for simazine at 0.004 parts per million (ppm) to
reduce the risk of cancer or adverse health effects.
Drinking water that meets the USEPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to simazine.
73)
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene. The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical
is used as a dye carrier and as a precursor in
herbicide manufacture. It generally gets into
drinking water by discharges from industrial
activities. This chemical has been shown to cause
damage to several organs, including the adrenal
glands. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at 0.07 parts per million
(ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse
health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene.
74)
1,1,2-Trichloroethane. The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that
1,1,2-trichloroethane is a health concern at certain
levels of exposure. This organic chemical is an
intermediate in the production of 1,1-dichloro-
ethylene. It generally gets into water by
industrial discharge of wastes. This chemical has
been shown to damage the kidney and liver of
laboratory animals such as rats exposed to high
levels during their lifetimes. USEPA has set the
drinking water standard for 1,1,2-trichloroethane at
0.005 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the
risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking
180
water that meets the USEPA standard is associated
with little to none of this risk and is considered
safe with respect to 1,1,2-trichloroethane.
75)
2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin). The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that
dioxin is a health concern at certain levels of
exposure. This organic chemical is an impurity in
the production of some pesticides. It may get into
drinking water by industrial discharge of wastes.
This chemical has been shown to cause cancer in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
animals are exposed to high levels during their
lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods
of time. USEPA has set the drinking water standard
for dioxin at 0.00000003 parts per million (ppm) to
protect against the risk of cancer or other adverse
health effects. Drinking water that meets the USEPA
standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to dioxin.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.32(e) (1992),
as amended at 57 Fed. Reg. 31843 (July 17, 1992).
(Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
)
Section 611.Table Z Federal Effective Dates
The following are the effective dates of the federal MCLs:
Fluoride (40 CFR 141.60(b)(1))
October 2, 1987
(corresponding with Section 611.301(b))
Phase I VOCs (40 CFR 141.60(a)(1))
July 9, 1989
(corresponding with Section 611.311(a))
(benzene, carbon tetrachloride, p-dichlorobenzene.,
1,2-Dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethylene, 1,1,1-tri-
chloroethane, trichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride)
Lead and Copper (40 CFR, Subpart I)
July 7, 1991
(corresponding with Subpart G of this Part)
(lead and copper monitoring, reporting, and
recordskeeping requirements of 40 CFR 141.86 through
141.91)
Phase II IOCs (40 CFR 141.60(b)(2))
July 30, 1992
(corresponding with Section 611.301(b))
(asbestos, cadmium, chromium, mercury, nitrate,
181
nitrite, and selenium)
Phase II VOCs (40 CFR 141.60(a)(2))
July 30, 1992
(corresponding with Section 611.311(a))
(o-dichlorobenzene, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, trans-
1,2-dichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloropropane, ethyl-
benzene, monochlorobenzene, styrene, tetrachloro-
ethylene, toluene, and xylenes (total))
Phase II SOCs (40 CFR 141.60(a)(2))
July 30, 1992
(corresponding with Section 611.311(c))
(alachlor, atrazine, carbofuran, chlordane, dibromo-
chloropropane, ethylene dibromide, heptachlor,
heptachlor epoxide, lindane, methoxychlor, poly-
chlorinated biphenyls, toxaphene, 2,4-D, and 2,4,5-
TP (Silvex))
Lead and Copper (40 CFR, Subpart I)
December 7, 1992
(corresponding with Subpart G of this Part)
(lead and copper corrosion control, water treatment,
public education, and lead service line replacement
requirements of 40 CFR 141.81 through 141.85)
Phase IIB IOC (40 CFR 141.60(b)(2))
January 1, 1993
(corresponding with Section 611.301(b))
(barium)
Phase IIB SOCs (40 CFR 141.60(a)(2))
January 1, 1993
(corresponding with Section 611.311(c))
(aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, aldicarb sulfoxide, and
pentachlorophenol; USEPA stayed the effective date
as to the MCLs for aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, and
aldicarb sulfoxide, but the monitoring requirements
became effective January 1, 1993)
Phase V IOCs (40 CFR 141.60(b)(3))
January 17, 1994
(corresponding with Section 611.301(b))
(antimony, beryllium, cyanide, nickel, and thallium)
Phase V VOCs (40 CFR 141.60(a)(3))
January 17, 1994
(corresponding with Section 611.311(a))
(dichloromethane, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and 1,1,2-
trichloroethane)
Phase V SOCs (40 CFR 141.60(a)(3))
January 17, 1994
(corresponding with Section 611.311(c))
(benzo[a]pyrene, dalapon, di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate,
di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate dinoseb, diquat,
endothall, endrin, glyphosate, hexachlorobenzene,
hexachlorocyclopentadiene, oxamyl, picloram,
simazine, and 2,3,7,8-TCDD)
182
(Source: Amended at 17 Ill. Reg. , effective
)