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SIUC Report-2005.pdf

AmerenlCIPS Newton and Coffeen Lakes

Research and Monitoring Project

Principal Investigator

Illinois Aquaculture Center

Southern Illinois University at Carbondale

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table of Contents

LIST OF T ABLES................................................................ ...... ....... ........ ..... ... ... ..... ....

LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................

'. .... ....... ..... VIII

ERRATUM........................................................................................

ABSTRACT................................................... ......... ..................... ......

INTRODUCTION.................................... ............... .... ........... ... ...........

PLANT OPERATION IN RELATION TO DISCHARGE

STANDARDS..............

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FISH

KILLS......................................... ....

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FISH COMMUNITIES

Size Frequency and Electrofishing Catch Per Hour

.............................. "

Newton Lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Coffeen Lake............................................................................

Relative Weight.........................................................................

Mortality Rates.......................................... .................. ..............

Recruitment ....... , ......... " .. " . . .. ... . . . ... . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... . . . . . .

Growth of Largemouth Bass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

Creel Catch and Harvest Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Temperature/Oxygen/Depth Profiles......

............................................

Water Levels. . . . . . . . . . . . ................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SUMMARy.......................................................................................

LITERATURE CITED

........................................................................ ,.

APPENDIX A Age, Growth, and Relative Weight.

................................ A-I - A-17

APPEND IX B Mortality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

APPENDIX C Catch Per Unit Effort and Relative

Abundance................... C-l - C-15

APPENDIX D Depth, Temperature, Oxygen

Profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ..... . . . . . . . . D-l - D-85

APPENDIX E Extreme Habitat conditions in Newton Lake and Coffeen

1999..................................................................... E-l - E-15

APPENDIX F Ash Ponds ....................................................................... ,

AmerenCips Project's basic sampling schedule for data collected

concunently from 1997 through 2004 .................................................................... 30

Comparison of summer and fall mean monthly temperatures (OF) at the outer

edge of the discharge mixing

zones. a ............................................................................................................................ 31

Hourly surface temperatures in 1999 that exceeded 111°F at the outer edge of

Newton Lake discharge Inixing zone. Within a year total hours above 111°F

were not to exceed 110°F (3% of total number of hours during the period June-

October, 3,672 hours) .................................................................................................... 32

Hourly surface temperatures in 1999 that exceeded 112°F at the outer edge of

Coffeen Lake discharge Inixing zone. Within a year total hours above 112°F

were not to exceed 132 (3% of total number of hours during the period May-

October, 4,416 hours) .................................................................................................... 33

Numbers of dead and moribund fishes observed by SIU personnel in Coffeen

Lake in 1999 .................................................................................................................. 34

Number of dead and morbid fishes observed by SIU personnel in Newton Lake

in 1999 ........................................................................................................................... 35

Summary of Chapman-Robson (1960) (C-R) and catch curve estimates

of actual annual mortality rate (percent) for largemouth

channel catfish calculated from catch data of fish captured in each lake during

fall 1997-2004 (-- indicates an undeterminable value or no smnpling scheduled) ....... 36

Number and total length of dead and morbid fish observed by SIU personnel in

Coffeen Lake and Newton Lake in 2000 and 2001 ....................................................... 37

Number and total length of dead and moribund fish estimated by IDNR personnel

in Coffeen Lake fr,om 24 June through 4 July, 2002 ..................................................... 39

Size frequency distributions (%) for white crappie in Newton Lake based on

IDNR spring and fall electrofishing samples from fall 1976 to fall 2004. The

electrofishing effort was not constant over all sampling periods .................................. 40

Size frequency distributions (%) for bluegill in Newton Lake based on IDNR

spring and fall electrofishing samples from fall 1976 to fall 2004. Electrofishing

effort was not constant for all years ............................................................................ .42

List of Tables, continued

Size frequency distributions (0/0) for channel catfish in Newton Lake based on

IDNR spring and fall electrofishing samples from fall 1976

Electrofishing effort was not constant over all years ................................................... .44

Size frequency distributions (%) for largemouth bass in Newton Lake based on

IDNR spring and fall electrofishing samples from fall 1976

Electrofishing effort was not constant over all years .................................................... 46

Three phase electrofishing catch-per-unit effort of largemouth bass, bluegill,

and channel catfish

fron1 Newton Lake during the fall of 1997-2004 by IDNR

and SIU ......................................................................................................................... 48

Size frequency distribution (%) for largemouth bass, bluegill. and channel catfish

in Coffeen Lake from IDNR fall electrofishing samples ............................................ .49

Three phase electrofishing catch-per-unit effort of largemouth bass, bluegill, and

channel catfish from Coffeen lake during the fall

of 1997-2004 by IDNR and

SIU ................................................................................................................................. 50

Relative weights

of three species of fish collected by IDNR and SIU in fall

electrofishing samples

of Newton Lake and Coffeen Lake fron1 1997-2004.a

followed by Tukey post doc text were used to test for significance.

Means with the same superscript are not significantly different (alpha = 0.01) ...........

Errors associated with using IDNR fall electrofishing length frequency data to

estimate catch-per-unit effort

of age-O largemouth bass based on the size-age

of SIU fall electrofishing samples .............................................................. 53

Trends in recruitment of largemouth bass in Newton Lake based on electrofishing

catch per unit effort (catch per hour)

age-O and age-1

bass ........................................ 54

Trends in recruitlnent

of largemouth bass in Coffeen Lake based on fall

electro fishing catch per unit effort (catch per hour)

of age-O and age-1

bass ............. 55

Largemouth bass total lengths (mm) at age when collected during late October

through mid-Novelnber. Different superscripts indicate total lengths that were

statistically significantly different (p=0.05) among years and within ages ................... 56

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

List of Tables, continued

Comparison of the three days in Coffeen Lake during 1998 through 2004 that

had the worst habitat conditions. Comparisons are made at 3-ppm dissolved for

4 temperatures.

Percent habitats were averaged between segment 1 and 2 .................. 57

Comparison of the three days in Newton Lake during 1998 through 2004 that had

the worst habitat conditions. Comparisons are Inade at 3-ppm dissolved for 4

temperatures. Percent habitats were averaged in all four segments ............................. 59

Percent habitat among segments at various temperatures and oxygen ranges in

Coffeen Lake during May-September 2004. Profiles were taken from 2:00 p.m

to 7:00 p.m ..................................................................................................................... 61

Percent habitat among segments at various temperatures and oxygen ranges in

Newton Lake during May-September 2004. Profiles were taken frOln 12:00 p.m.

p.m ..................................................................................................................... 66

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Newton Lake with four segments where sampling was conducted. Water

temperature and dissolved oxygen were sampled at each transect line from

1997 through 2004. Numbers represent locations of continuous

temperature recorders ....................................................................................................

Coffeen Lake with two segments where sampling was conducted for water

temperature and dissolved oxygen from August

1997 through 2004. Segments 3

and 4 were added in 2000. Sampling sites are represented by nmnbers inside

lake borders ........................................................................................ , ..........................

Mean, minimum and maximum daily temperatures during 2001 in the Coffeen

Lake mixing zone. Lake bottom is approximately

18.0 feet.. ...................................... 73

Mean, minimum and maximum daily temperatures during 2001 in the Coffeen

Lake mixing zone. Lake bottom is approximately

18.0 feet.. ...................................... 74

Mean daily temperatures at four water levels during 2001 in the Coffeen Lake

mixing zone. Lake bottoin is approximately

18.0 feet. ................................................. 7S

Mean daily temperatures at four water levels during 2001 in the Coffeen Lake

mixing zone. Lake bottOln is approximately

18.0 feet.. ................................................ 76

Mean daily temperatures at four water levels during 2001 in the Newton Lake

mixing zone. Lake bottom is approximately

18.0 feet.. ............................................... 77

Mean daily temperatures at four water levels during 2001 in the Newton Lake

mixing zone. Lake bottom is approximately

18.0 feet ................................................. 78

Mean daily temperatures at four water levels during 2002 in the Coffeen Lake

mixing zone. Lake bottom is approximately

18.0 feet ................................................. 79

Growth rates of largemouth bass during 1999-2004 in Newton Lake based on fish

aged from their otoliths. Lengths within ages that have the same letter are not

statistically significant at

p=O.OS ................................................................................... 80

Growth rates of largemouth bass during 1999-2004 in Coffeen Lake based on fish

aged from their otoliths. Lengths within ages that have the saIne letter are not

statistically significant at

................................................................................... 81

Water levels (feet) in relation to pool level in Newton Lake during 1997-2000 .......... 82

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

List of Figures, continued

Water levels (feet) in relation to pool level in Newton Lake during 2001-2004 .......... 83

Water levels (feet) in relation to pool level in Coffeen Lake during 1997-2000 ......... 84

Water levels (feet) in relation to pool level in Coffeen Lake during 2001-2004 ......... 85

Water temperatures in power-cooling reservoirs are often elevated to the point where summer

, habitat is limited for most fishes. Occasionally, increases in water temperatures may be

responsible for stress-related fish kills. Since 1997, three types

of critical conditions that

resulted in fish kills have been recognized in Newton and Coffeen Lakes. The first type was

associated with severe summer ambient conditions, and lead

to the lTIOSt severe fish kills. The

largest fish kill

of mature largemouth bass in both Newton Lake and Coffeen Lake occurred in

1999 when elevated water temperatures associated with an experimental mixing zone surface

water temperature variance combined with summer weather conditions that caused particularly

of dissolved oxygen. Weather conditions that prOlTIoted a dissolved oxygen

reduction in the power-cooling reservoirs also caused fish kills in local ambient lakes.

of fish kill that likely occurred was habitat erosion, and we believe it accounted

for three smaller fish kills since 1997. In 2001 there was a temperature related fish kill on July

10 in Coffeen Lake and August 24 in Newton Lake. A small fish kill (124 fish) was observed

by SIU personnel and estimated by IDNR between 24 June and 4 July, 2002 in Coffeen Lake. In

these cases, the small fish were probably trapped in a thermal refuge near or in the discharge

mixing zones. Prolonged periods

of heated discharge eventually eroded away the refuge. The

of fish kill is angler related. During 2003 and 2004, few dead fish were observed

either lake, and the deaths appeared to be angler related,

it accounted for the most frequent

occurrences, but the least number

of deaths. In each year of the study, a few largemouth bass

and channel catfish are found dead or dying in both lakes. The dead or moribund fish are often

of boat ramps or popular fishing areas. The bass probably succumbed to angling

related stress. Such events were occasionally witnessed by SIU personnel during the warmest

periods. The deaths are usually delayed, and most anglers are not aware

of the problem. The

of the data collected during 2000 through 2004 suggests that there were no long-

term negative effects

of the fish kills in either of these lakes. Largemouth bass populations

remain healthy, and their numbers have not measurably decreased since 1997.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

INTRODUCTION

The information contained in this year's report represents 2004 data as a continuation of data

collected since fall

1 997. Long-term data sets are necessary to fully understand interactions within

and among biotic communities and abiotic forces in freshwater reservoirs. When water temperatures

are manipulated, as is the case

in power-cooling reservoirs, the interactions among the various biotic

entities are changed. The scope

of the current study is the same that was implemented in 2000

1997-1999). To ensure that comparable data was collected for all eight years, we

used the same methods to monitor condition

of three sportfish populations and abiotic variables

affecting fish habitat availability. Habitat

is determined combining water telnperature, dissolved

oxygen, and depth; the limiting factors being water temperature tolerances in conjunction with

dissolved oxygen available to the fish. The three fish species include largemouth bass

(Lepomis macrochirus),

and channel catfish

(lctalurus punctatus).

growth, relative weight, mortality, and abundance are analyzed through all years of data collection to

provide indices

of each population's condition and possibly explain effects of elevated temperature

ranges in which the sportfish survive, and for largemouth bass, thrive in Newton Lake and Coffeen

Lake in Illinois.

The original project, which encOlnpassed fall

1997 through fall 1999, lnonitored biotic

communities ranging from phytoplankton through major sportfish. The goal was to evaluate

of the biotic communities prior to a water temperature "Variance" initiated in 1999 and

compare those evaluations

to the SaIne parameters during and after the "Variance". A fish kill

occurred during July,

1999 in Newton Lake while the power plant was operating under a new

"Variance." A kill occurred essentially at the same time

in Coffeen Lake while the plant was

operating within the paraIneters

of its old variance (Heidinger et al. 2000). As a result of the fish

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

kills and other economic considerations, the corporate decision was made to add additional cooling

capacity to the

Newton Lake and Coffeen Lake electrical generating stations. After summer 1999,

of the study was to determine if the 1999 fish kill and subsequent smaller fish kills in

Newton Lake or Coffeen Lake adversely affected the three sportfish populations. Although

we continue to examine the data for anolTIalies that may have been caused by the fish kills, data

presented in this 2004 report will be used in conjunction with the previous years' data primarily to

of the biotic indices in conjunction with abiotic parameters during potentially

summer periods.

For sampling purposes, Newton Lake was divided into four segments (Figure 1). From 1997

to 1999, Coffeen Lake

was divided into two sampling segments. Beginning in 2000,

temperature/oxygen/depth profiles were taken in two additional Segments (3 and 4) in Coffeen Lake

The basic sampling regime for data collected concurrently from 1997-2004 is outlined in

1. A description of the methods can be found in the four appendices (A-D). The 2004 study

was approved, and therefore initiated at

Newton Lake and Coffeen Lake during May. An additional

component was added to this year's data collection which include obtaining information on fish

and bathymetry of the two ash ponds at the Newton Lake facility. That data is presented in

PLANT OPERATION IN RELATION TO DISCHARGE STANDARDS

The four months including ]une-SeptelTIber potentially encompass the lTIOSt critical period

when extremely warm water temperatures may be lethal to fish species. In Newton Lake during

2004, the average mixing zone temperature was 93.2 for May and higher than in any previous study

year. However, the average

May water temperature was not indicative of critically high temperatures

lower than the remaining SUmlTIer months (Table 2). During SUlTIlTIer 2004, water

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

temperatures in the mixing zone were silnilar (93 .3-96.8°F) to the remaining seven years' mean

temperatures. The

maximum hourly temperature recorded was 106° which occurred on five

occasions during

14 June, 2004. Since 1999, neither mean monthly nor hourly temperatures have

approached the old "Variance" levels

of 102°F and 111 of, respectively. In July 1999, the highest

monthly average temperature (104.1

OF) during this study was recorded, and the hourly temperatures

were also the highest recorded during this study exceeding 111°F on 100 occasions (Table 3). Water

temperatures during sumlner 2004 tended to cool from the discharge n1ixing zone to our Segment 1

station (Figure

1) located near the ash pond discharge (Appendix D; Figures D25 and D26); but

more pronounced differences occurred from the Segment 1 station (Appendix D; Figure D26) to our

Segment 2 station (Appendix D; Figure D27). At Segment

1, the temperatures were usually

considerably cooler at 3.0 m than near the surface or at 1.5

m. Differences between surface water

temperatures and temperatures at the various depth were largest

in Segment 1 and least in Segment

Coffeen Lake mixing zone water temperatures were recorded hourly at the edge

mixing zone in Segment 1 (Figure 2) either by AmerenCIPS or SIU-C for the past eight years. SIU-

C's temperature logger placement was located in direct proximity

to the station used by AmerenCIPS

for measuring surface water temperatures in the lnixing zone, thus the data should is comparable

Mean monthly mixing zone water temperatures for June-September in 2003 (97.8-

1 04.3°F) and 2004

05.0-1 06.5°F) were the highest among the eight years studied in Coffeen Lake

(Table 2). However, there were no indications

of fish stress during either year.

MaximUln water temperatures can be lnore lethal to fish than average water temperatures. In

Newton Lake during 1999, July temperatures exceeded 112°F on

83 occasions (Table 4).

Interestingly, 2003 mixing zone hourly water temperatures were recorded at 111°F on only one

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

occasion and 110°F on 32 others. In 2004, the highest temperature recorded was 110°, and it was

on four occasions on 4 September. Mixing zone surface water temperatures exceeded

on 129 occasions from 19 August through 5 September. Thus, despite the higher monthly

averages in 2003 and 2004, maximum water discharge mixing zone temperatures were lower

throughout the critical

summer periods than they were in 1999.

water temperatures at the discharge mixing zone are assumed to be indicators of

potential water quality problems in power-cooling lakes. In Coffeen Lake during 2004, they were not

of temperature profiles below 1.5 m in the Inixing zone. Water temperatures at the surface

and at 1.5 m fluctuated much more than at the deeper depths (Appendix D; Figure D31). Water

temperature differences between 1.5-m and 3.0-m records were striking in the

mixing zone and

cooler at 3.0 m than 1.5 m. Anglers have reported catching largemouth bass in Coffeen

Lake near the mixing zone when surface water telnperatures exceeded 104°F. Temperature profiles

explain the reason that this may occur if ample dissolved oxygen is present to 3.0 m. Water

temperatures near the surface at the biostation located near the dam were only slightly cooler than at

mixing zone, but temperatures at 3.0 m and below were very similar (generally 90°F to 95°F) to

those at the mixing zone. In fact, maximum water temperatures at the remaining three stations all

similar to the deeper temperatures recorded at the dam and intake stations. If air

and humidity are not excessively high, the cooling capacity of water within a meter or

so of the surface seems to be such that, at least in Coffeen Lake, surface water temperatures are

mitigated quickly and do not drive temperatures up at lower depths. This likely is Inore true in

Coffeen Lake than Newton Lake because Coffeen Lake's warm arm is much deeper than Newton

Lake's. The differences between 2004 and 1999 were not only in the number of tilnes maximum

hourly surface water temperatures were very high in 1999. but more ilnportantly, the cooling

capacity of the upper portion of the water column was lower in 1999 because of a prolonged periods

of very high air temperatures and calm weather conditions. As a result 1999 water temperatures were

elevated at all depths and in all segments

of the lake (Appendix E). In 2004, average surface water

mixing zone temperatures were actually higher than in 1999, but air temperatures were not as hot,

and the surface water was sufficiently cooled to prevent the entire water

colUlTIn from becoming

critically high.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FISH KILLS

In every reservoir or body of water where fish exist, one can find dead fish over the course of

a summer or year. The deaths may have been natural or induced by extraordinary events. Excessive

water temperatures alone rarely cause massive fish kills. In most instances, there are other factors

acting in concert with water temperatures to cause fish kills. In reservoirs, prolonged calm, cloudy

weather patterns during warm periods can cause oxygen depletions that result in fish kills

magnitude. Characteristically, few fish species are spared, but mortality among the species is

dependent upon their tolerance to low levels

of dissolved oxygen. Such a weather pattern occurred

during July, 1999 when fish kills occurred in Newton and Coffeen lakes - as well as in ambient lakes

such as East Fork Lake near Olney, Illinois. Personnel from SIU-C observed

121 largemouth bass

and 8 dead or morbid channel catfish in Coffeen Lake (Table 5). In Newton Lake, 227 largemouth

bass and 70 channel catfish were observed dead or dying (Table 6).

Under the high thermal loading parameters in Newton Lake, no differences in net primary

productivity or chlorophyll were observed in July and August (1999) as compared

August (1998). Some

of the fauna such as zooplankton, benthos number, benthos weight, and

phytomacrobenthos actually increased (Heidinger et al. 2000). Thus, the data did not suggest long-

term perturbation of the primary biota in the lakes. Examination of the fish indices resulted in similar

of largemouth bass that died in Coffeen Lake and Newton Lake in 1999, relative

to their abundance in the two lakes, indicated no significant long-term negative effects on the two

bass populations were likely.

Coffeen Lake, assuming that only 50% of the largemouth bass that

died were counted, then 242 bass died (0.22 per acre).

If there were 20 bass per acre in Coffeen

Lake (1100 acres), then the death

of 242 bass represented only 1

of the population. Although we

have no recent creel data for Coffeen Lake, 242 bass is probably well below what is removed by

anglers each year. Also, to place the 1

% mortality due to the fish kill in perspective, the average

total annual mortality rate for largemouth bass in Coffeen Lake from 1997-2004 is approximately

Newton Lake, assuming 20 largemouth bass per acre (1,750 acres), there were

35,000 bass in the lake before the kill.

If anything, this was an underestimate, considering that from

02/16/98 through 12/31/98 the creel indicated that 60,187 bass were caught (Heidinger et al. 2002).

other words, if there were 35,000 bass in the lake, each bass on average was caught 1.7 times.

Based on an estimate of 454 bass killed during the 1999 event and a population of 35,000 bass, the

of 454 (0.26 per acre) bass in Newton Lake would equal only 1 % of the population. Again, to

of dead bass in perspective, average total annual mortality for bass in Newton Lake

from 1997-2004 is approximately 57% (Table 7).

The 1999 fish kills were likely induced by a combination of elevated, discharge water

temperatures, prolonged periods of relatively hot air temperatures (which reduced the cooling

of the lakes and increased water temperatures at most depths throughout the lakes), and

low levels of dissolved oxygen due to atlnospheric conditions (which also induced fish kills in local

ambient lakes). Habitat availability was extremely low for extended periods during late July 1999 in

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

both lakes (Appendix E). The combination of factors caused the 1999 fish kills; but the kills were

relatively insignificant to the largemouth bass populations.

of smaller magnitudes also occurred in the two reservoirs during the study. Those

kills were likely more directly associated with water mixing zone temperatures. Water currents

associated with power-cooling discharge cause the biota behavior to be more characteristic

moving rivers than

of reservoirs. As a result, fish movement increases over that of ambient

reservoirs. The movement is, in large part, dictated by forage abundance and locality. In power-

cooling reservoirs, forage species often inhabits water telnperatures near their thermal maximums

because it happens that their food supply

is more abundant there. If a sudden pulse of lethally hot

water is pushed through, and some fish happen to be located in a cove away from the main water

flow, the fish can be forced

to stay in the cove until the slug of hot water passes. If the lethally hot

water temperatures persist in the main channel long enough, water temperatures in the coves will

increase until they are similar to those in the main channel. This phenomenon, described as eroded

fish habitats, results in smaller but more frequent fish kills and likely occurred

in 2001 and 2002.

On July 10, 2001, in Coffeen Lake, 546 channel catfish (2-7 in

spp. (2-6 in TL) and 65 largemouth bass (2-7 in

were estimated to have died (Table 8). Mixing

zone surface water temperatures began a prolonged increase where mean temperatures were at least

100°F on July 7 in 2001 (Figures 3 and 4). Prior to that date, although maximum water temperatures

had increased to over 100°F, minimum temperatures were low enough to provide the fish with relief

within a several-hour period. Minimum water temperatures increased to nearly 100°F after July 7

and did not decrease untillnid-August. The prolonged nature

of the high water temperatures after

July 7 likely caused an eroding

of cove habitat in the discharge Inixing zone which resulted in the

July 10 fish kill. Mean water temperatures were also high to a depth of 3 m which was the depth at

which dissolved oxygen was limiting at that time (Figures 5 and 6).

In Newton Lake on August

28,2001. we estimated that 10,765 three-inch gizzard shad were

killed (Table 8). Again, maxilnum temperatures in the mixing zone prior

to that time had been at

least as high as on the day

of the fish kill (Figures 7 and 8); but as in Coffeen Lake, Newton Lake

mid-August water temperatures were increasing from summer lows, and by August 28, the

temperatures stabilized at mean at

over 100°F for several days. The prolonged high temperatures

most likely caused the kill in a relatively small cove where the fish's thermal refuge was broken

The last fish kill reported during this study, which was likely a result of eroding habitat,

occurred in Coffeen Lake during late June and early July 2002. Forty two largemouth bass, 64

striped bass, and small amounts

of five other species were found dead by SIU -C Personnel during

the period (Table 9). The abiotic circumstances were very similar to the previous two fish kills in

that water temperatures were increasing from summer lows, and the ten1peratures increased until late

June (Figure 9). Higher minimum temperatures also persisted in Coffeen Lake after late June 2002

as they had in each

of the previous instances.

It is likely these three fish kills were associated with eroding of thermal refuge areas. In

Newton Lake, one particular area near the discharge mixing zone that draws lnany fish

that receives spillage from the small ash pond. Water pouring in from the ash pond is generally

cooler than the surrounding lake, and this cove typically

is "stacked" with fish. This could be an area

of concern if the water coming into the cove from the ash pond is warm and has relatively little

oxygen at the same time when the surrounding lake water suddenly becOlnes very hot with low

dissolved oxygen. Alternatively, if water discharge temperatures are not excessive, there are lnany

small coves in the upper portion of Segment 1 that fish could use and eventually get trapped if the

discharge water became suddenly hot and remained hot for extended periods. Coffeen Lake also has

cove habitats in the discharge area where fish could be trapped. In particular, there

is a cove located

immediately adjacent to the discharge area where fish could easily congregate during less severe

discharge temperatures and get trapped during a sudden increase

of temperatures.

of kills associated with habitat erosion should be relatively small.

of particularly suspect areas may be possible, but we are not certain at this time of

whether the problem can be eradicated. We would need more information concerning fish use of the

habitat at various water temperatures to further address this issue.

Beyond the previously described kills, very small numbers

of dead fish have been observed

by SIU-C personnel each year. The causes

of death for these fish may be natural or associated with

angling. In waters where fishing is popular, fish can be lethally hooked and released or stressed from

capture and subsequent handling beyond their ability

to recover. Stress-induced fish mortality from

angling is primarily dependent upon water temperatures that, when relatively high, will increase the

of stress-induced death. The extent of these fish kills are further dependent upon fish

species, the number of fish hooked, where the fish were hooked, depth the fish were residing when

hooked, and handling time. Fishing tournaments can cause higher numbers

of stress related deaths

not only because

of the sheer numbers of fish caught, but also because of the additional stress the

fish must endure from time spent in anglers' live wells and the extra handling during the weigh-in

process. Fish killed by angling do not usually die at the time

the mortality is

delayed. The amount of delay is dependent upon the intensity of traUll1a inflicted on the fish during

till1e in captivity, or conditions of release.

In 2000, only four largemouth bass and two channel catfish were observed dead or dying in

Coffeen Lake. In Newton Lake only two dead largemouth bass and two dead gizzard shad were

observed in 2000. During 2001 in Coffeen Lake, except for the kill on July

7, 2001, only one dead

striped bass, two white crappie, one largemouth bass and two channel catfish were observed by SIU

Newton Lake during 200 L only 10 dead fish were observed except for the kill of shad

on August 28, 2001. Anglers reported several dead largemouth bass on August 21,2002. but an

exploratory visit to

Newton Lake on the following day did not confirm this. We observed only two

other dead channel catfish and three largemouth bass during 2002. However, due to the timing

we did not begin regular monitoring of the lakes until August. In 2003, we only observed

or dying fish in Newton Lake; and only two were observed in 2004. In both cases in 2004,

the dead largemouth bass were observed at the west boat ramp. Only seven fish were observed dead

or dying in Coffeen Lake during 2003, and three channel catfish were found dead in 2004. Since

None of the deaths in 2004 were suspected to have resulted from water temperatures or dissolved

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FISH COMMUNITIES

Size Frequency and Electrofishing Catch Per Hour

From both Newton Lake and Coffeen Lake where fall electrofishing data are available, we

among years, the size frequency distributions and catch-per-unit efforts for bluegill,

channel catfish and largemouth bass. Since the IDNR and SIU electrofishing data were not taken

with exactly the same equipment and the sampling procedures were different, trend comparisons

should be made only within the respective data sets and not between data sets.

Newton Lake

The fish community in Newton Lake has undergone many changes since 1976. Fishing

started in 1980. Initially crappie were abundant and grew well in Newton Lake. Although they

grow well, recruitment was greatly reduced after 1987. Crappie from a recently built

nursery area near the lake probably accounted for the slight increase in their electrofishing catch

rates after 1998 (Table 10). Only one crappie was collected in fall 2004 by SIU-C personnel.

Historically, except for the first few years after filling, very few bluegill reached 7 inches in

total length (Table 11). Since 1978, except for the 1998 spring

sample, less than

50/0 of the bluegill

been larger than 7 inches. The size trend has continually decreased, and less than 1 % of the

bluegill collected since 1998 were at least 7 inches. Only five bluegill older than age-3 have been

collected since fall 1999 (Appendix A). The decreasing trend for bluegills is most likely due to

inadequate invertebrate forage; possibly a result

of fluctuating water levels and associated loss of

macrophytic habitat. Macrophytes serve two purposes for bluegill: refuge from predators and habitat

for invertebrate forage.

During 1979 through spring 1981, a significant nUlnber

of channel catfish exceeded 20

inches in total length in Newton Lake. After the

mid 1980's, fewer than 7 % of the sampled channel

catfish exceeded 20 inches (Table 12). Similarly,

only 8% of channel catfish collected by IDNR in

2004 were larger than 20 inches. That number was higher than any

number in that size range since

but given the type and amount of effort for collection, the number would not represent a

significant increase. Surface electrofishing does not collect channel catfish in relation to their true

population size structure (i.e.: larger channel catfish are not as suscepti ble to electrofishing as

smaller ones); but electrofishing effort can still identify trends within certain size limitations

afforded by gear type. The food habits study cOlnpleted in 1999 (Heidinger et al. 2000) indicated that

many of the channel catfish susceptible to electrofishing are stunted due to an inadequate diet that

consisted mainly

of small invertebrates gleaned from bottom algae. Based on the fact that we know

anglers often catch larger channel catfish than we are collecting electrotishing. we suspect that a

of channel catfish are able to shift to a fish diet and grow accordingly. However, most of

those channel catfish are not susceptible to shallow-water electrofishing. In order to get a better

of the entire channel catfish population in Newton

an alternative method of

capture (such as netting) would be required.

Largemouth bass are the most sought after sportfish in Newton Lake. There has been an 18-

minimum length limit and a 3 fish-per-day creel limit on the lake since it opened for fishing in

1980. The highest percentage

of bass larger than 18 inches in total length tended to occur in the

spring samples rather than in the fall samples (Table 13). From 1979 through 1992, an average of

19.1% (range = 12%-270/0) of the largemouth bass collected were larger than 18.1 inches. After

1992, the percentage

of large bass collected by IDNR averaged 9.1 % (range = 00/0 to 160/0).

Disregarding 1994 and 1995 when no large bass were collected by IDNR, the range of percentages

for large fish has remained consistent since 1993.

IDNR reduced their sampling effort in Newton Lake to fall sampling only.

Despite lower numbers, the fall sample length frequency trend has been similar to spring's. Since

1978, an average

of7.0% (range = 20/0 - 150/0) of the largemouth bass collected during fall by IDNR

have been larger than 18 inches total length. An average of 10.2% (range = 6% to 150/0) were larger

18 inches between 1978 and 1991; and during 1992 through 2004, only 3.90/0 (range = 20/0 -

of the bass collected during fall were over 18 inches. Since 1999. the larger bass have never

represented more than

4% of the total number of bass collected. Although the percentages of larger

bass has seemingly declined. the percentages rnay be negatively influenced by recruitment

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

year. For instance, in 2004, only 30/0 of the largemouth bass collected were larger fish. However,

IDNR CPUE was 78 fish per

(Table 14) and the length frequency histogratTI for fish collected by

SIU-C (Appendix C) indicated that

560/0 of the largemouth bass were age-O. Thus, a larger

recruitment class in 2004 accounted for some

of the low contribution of larger bass to the total

number collected.

In fall 1999, largemouth bass size frequency distributions were not indicative

of a significant

fish kill. The fall numbers in each length class were similar to in 1999 to nearly every fall since 1995

and through 2004. Evaluation

of the 2000 data indicated that electrofishing CPUE was low, and the

size structure also favored smaller fish.

After a significant fish kill, an increase in reproduction

during the following spring and thus, smaller, age-O largemouth bass would have been expected.

Largemouth bass collected by

IDNR in fall 2000 were smaller, and their CPUE (35 per hr) was also

relatively low (Table 14); both could be results of a significant fish kill. However, age-O and age-1

abundance trends from fall 1999, to spring 2000, and to fall 2000 do not come together (See

section; Table 19). It is likely that the IDNR fall 2000 collection results were influenced by some

other parameter (such as weather patterns) that would drive the larger fish deeper on the day the

collections were made. SIU-C's fall 2000 catch rate was 76

per hr; the highest it has ever been. Also,

SIU-C's length frequency data (Appendix C) indicated that

of the fish were greater than 12.2

inches TL; a length frequency comparable to IDNR's historical data.

Newton Lake is still a premier

bass fishing lake, and many fish exceeding five pounds are caught by anglers each year. From a bass

fishery stand point this is still an excellent population.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Coffeen Lake

Data from IDNR for Coffeen lake was limited to fall electrofishing samples from 1997

through 2004. The mean percentage for largemouth bass over 18 inches was 7.9% and they ranged

40/0 to 12% (Table 15). The percentages for larger fish were lowest (4%) in 2000 and 2001, but

not significantly different than 1998. Percentages across

all four size classes increased in the last two

of study (2003 and 2004). The increasing percentages of larger bass are also illustrated in SIU-

C electrofishing length frequency charts (Appendix

C). IDNR catch rates have been variable among

all years ranging from

20 per hr in 2000 to 100 per hr in 2004 (Table 16). The variability does not

to have a trend. SIU-C catch rates have fluctuated less and ranged from 14 to 39 fish per hr.

As with the IDNR data, no specific trends in size structure or catch rates are apparent.

no difference in size frequencies of bluegill from 1997 to 2004 in Coffeen Lake

15). Essentially, no bluegill longer than 6.3 inches in total length were collected in the IDNR

fall electrofishing samples. SIU catch rates were higher

in every year since 1997 than in 1998. IDNR

of bluegill were lower in 2000 (89) and 2001 (86) than in 1998 but increased to its second

highest level in 2002 (179).

It is interesting that few large bluegill have been collected in Coffeen

is an abundance of aquatic macrophytes; just the opposite of conditions in Newton

Lake. However, there

is also an abundance of several other

; most notably the redear

(Lepomis microlophus).

It is possible that the dense macrophytes are inhabited by an

of sunfish th,at, because of the density of

are also not particularly

to predators. Also, shad

(Dorosoma spp.)

are very abundant and the primary forage of

most piscivores in Coffeen Lake.

no apparent trend in size structure of channel catfish (Table 15). Catch rates

by IDNR have been variable throughout the study and ranged from 3 to 16 fish per hr. SIU-C catch

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

rate ranged from 1 to 13 fish per hour, and the rates were higher in 2002 and 2004 than in all other

years. However, the ranges

of catch rates and sizes do not suggest particular trends. The sanle

of sampling method described for Nevvton Lake apply to Coffeen Lake.

Relative Weight

Many biologists assume that the desirable range for relative weights of largemouth bass,

bluegill, and channel catfish

is between 90 and 110. Largemouth bass collected in the fall of each

year since 1997 from both Nevvton Lake and Coffeen Lake tend to be near the middle

(Table 17). Although a few statistically significant differences were found among years, no

discernible trend occurred in either lake between 1997 and 2004. Mean relative weights average

approximately 102 in Nevvton Lake and

103 in Coffeen Lake. Largemouth bass in both lakes appear

to be very robust.

In both lakes, bluegill tended to be below or at the low end of the 90-110 range both before

and after the 1999 fish kill. Over the past eight years, fall relative weight

of bluegill collected by

IDNR and SIU averaged approximately

88 in Newton Lake and 87 in Coffeen Lake (Table 17). The

high relative weight (l04) determined by SIU in 1998 was due to 32 very plump bluegill that were

picked up at the intake structure. No bluegill have been collected from that area since 1998.

Smaller channel catfish susceptible to electrofishing tended to have lower mean relative

Nevvton Lake (88) than in Coffeen Lake (90) (Table 17). Fall relative weight values for

channel catfish were similar from 1997 to 2004 in Nevvton Lake. In Coffeen Lake, 2004 mean

relative weights (82) were lower than all other years.

Mortality Rates

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

The eight-year mean total annual mortality rate for largemouth bass in Newton Lake is 550/0

and has ranged from 51 % in 2003 to 68% in 1997 (Table 7). The mortality rate is higher than would

be expected for ambient reservoirs (Lake

of Egypt averaged 32% during 1997 and 1998); but since

growth rates are increased in power-cooling reservoirs, the fish are expected to have shorter life

spans. The highest mortality observed was

680/0 in 1997; the lowest was 45% in 1998. A similar

disparity occurred from 2003 (51%) to 2004 (59%). As with size structure percentages, one

of mortality rates is that recruitment is constant from year to year. Since we know that

the assumption is violated, mortality

is still useful as a trend index. but only when significant

changes in recruitment are acknowledged. There has been no significant trends in mortality since

1997. Interestingly, despite higher water temperatures in

Coffeen Lake, largemouth bass mortality is

Newton Lake. Annual mortality in Coffeen lake has averaged only 42% since 1997

and ranged from

39% to 47%. There have been no years where extremely high mortality has

fact, the mortality rates have been remarkable consistent (420/0 - 440/0) since 2001.

mean annual mortality rate for Newton Lake bluegill was 740/0 and ranged from 64% to

830/0 (Table 7). The highest mortality rate was 830/0 and it occurred in 1998. The nlortality rates are

inflated because the

maximum age of the bluegills tend to be age-3 to age-4, and there is a high

of the fish. The mortality rate was only

in 2004, and that was the lowest rate

observed during the past eight years. In Coffeen Lake, the bluegill annual mortality rate has

680/0 and ranged fr?m a low of 59% (1999) to 770/0 (2004). The mortality rates are high,

and the reasons are similar to those in Newton Lake. Unlike

Newton Lake, the highest bluegill

mortality occurred in 2004.

mean annual mortality rate of channel catfish in Newton Lake was 37% since 1997

Annual mortality has ranged from 260/0 (2002) to 48% (1997). Mortality of channel catfish

has not deviated significantly since 1997, and no trends are apparent. In Coffeen Lake, the mean

of channel catfish was 380/0 and ranged from 23% (1997) to 470/0 (2002). Mortality in

2004 was only 34%; the lowest since 1998. No mortality trends are apparent for Coffeen Lake and

of the annual mortality rates for channel catfish appear unusually excessive.

Recruitment

Recruitment of age-O and age-l bass was determined from IDNR and SIU -C fall

electrofishing samples since 1997. Largelnouth bass collected each fall by SIU-C were measured

and aged using their otoliths. The bass collected by

IDNR were measured but not aged. Thus, the

per hour of age-O and age-1 bass could be determined directly from the SIU-C fall samples but

not from the IDNR fall collected fish. By looking at the length

of the age-O and age-l bass each year

in the SIU-C sample, it was possible

to estimate the number of age-O bass in the IDNR sample. The

lengths of the largest age-O bass aged in the SIU-C fall electrofishing samples were used as the cut

off length between age-O and age-l bass collected by IDNR in their fall samples (Table 18).

SIU-C did not spend as lnany hours quantitatively electrofishing for largemouth bass as did

IDNR; thus, the IDNR database is larger. For example, from 1997

to 2004, the number of bass

collected by IDNR each fall from Coffeen Lake ranged from 139

to 652 (Table 15) while the

number that SIU-C collected each year from 1997

to 2004 ranged from 73 to 156 (Table 17). From

1997 to 2004, IDNR collected 316 to 705 (Table 13) largen10uth bass each fall from Newton Lake

while SIU-C collected only 99 to 208 fish (Table 17).

In Newton Lake, fall electrofishing catch per hour of age-O largen10uth bass averaged 15.6

10.1 to 20.8) for IDNR and 21.1( range =

to 38.2) for SIU-C. Catch rates were higher in

1999 after the fish kill than in 1998 in both the IDNR sample and the SIU-C samples (Table 19).

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Variability in catch rates is common in freshwater systems since there are numerous fluctuating

biotic and abiotic factors to influence recruitment

of fish into their first fall. Thus, the variability

in largemouth bass recruitment since 1997 is not unusual.

In Coffeen Lake, catch-per-unit effort

of age-O bass in the IDNR samples averaged

(range= 5.1 to 32.0), and in samples collected by SIU-C, the mean age-O catch rate was 7.0 (range

5.0 to 10.2). Although the magnitude of catch rates was higher for IDNR, the trends from year to

year were similar (Table 20).

Many fishery biologists do not consider a fish to be recruited to the fishery prior to their first

winter; in other words until age-I. In Newton Lake, fewer

age-l largemouth bass were collected by

IDNR and SIU in 1999 than in any other study year (Table 19). The lower catch rate in 1999 is

probably not due to the added thermal stress that occurred in 1999. The high number

collected in 1998 reflects the very strong 1997 year-class. The low number

of age-1 bass collected in

1999 when the fish kill occurred resulted from the relatively weak 1998-year class. Likewise, a

strong 1999-year class is reflected in the very high catch per hour obtained for age-l bass in 2000.

Thus, the high catch rates in 2000 are a result

of the high survival of age-O bass that were produced

in 1999, the year of the fish kill.

In Coffeen Lake, we do not have IDNR spring electrofishing data sets to estimate catch per

hour of age-l largemouth bass. Based on the fall electrofishing salnples by SIU -C where the bass

age-l CPUEs for largemouth bass ranged from 3.2 (2000 and 2004) to 13

(Table 20). There were no obvious trends suggesting that fish kills have caused any perturbations of

largemouth bass recruitment since 1997 in either Coffeen Lake or Newton Lake.

Growth of Largemouth

The total lengths

of age-O to age-4 largemouth bass at the time of capture in fall

electrofishing samples by SIU-C were compared from 1997 to 2004 in both Newton Lake and

Coffeen Lake (Table 21). Too few age-5 and older largemouth bass were collected to statistically

analyze growth rates among years. Bass were aged from their sagittae otoliths.

In Newton Lake, mean growth to late October for

age-O largemouth bass was 164 mm (6.5

in). Growth rates since year 1997 were significantly lower prior to year 2000 than in all remaining

years. Age-1 largemouth bass average 304 mm (12.0 ins), and as with the age-O fish, growth from

year 2000 was statistically higher than in previous years. Growth

of age-2 and older largemouth bass

mm (15.3 in), 433 mm (17.0 in), and 456 mm (18.0 in) for the respective ages. The

growth was very similar with ages and among years. Though there were a few statistically

significant differences among years and ages, there were no biologically significant differences in

of notable reductions in growth (Table 21; Figure 10).

The growth rates

of age-O to age-4 largemouth bass in Coffeen Lake were interesting in that

age-1 was the only year-class that indicated possible effects

of the higher 1999 water temperatures

(Table 21; Figure 11). Slightly more interesting

is the fact that all largemouth bass age groups

exhibited increases in growth rates the year following the 1999 fish kill. In 2003 and 2004, mean

water mixing zone temperatures were fairly high relative

to the other years of study. However,

growth rates exhibited by largemouth bass in all age groups for the two years were comparable to

previous years' rates. This is additional evidence that mean water temperatures in the ranges

study have not been deleterious to largemouth bass.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Temperature/Oxygen/Depth Profiles

Seasonal temperature/oxygen /depth profiles were taken in Newton Lake and Coffeen Lake

from 1997 through 2004. Exact periods

of data collection varied somewhat by grant time lines, but

the historically, most stressful periods for the fish were usually encompassed. We estimated

much of the lake or lake segments were available to the fish as a percentage of the depth of the water

that was below various temperatures (87-97°

F) and above various dissolved oxygen levels (1-4ppm)

(Heidinger et al. 2000). Based on comparisons

of habitat lilTIits between morning and afternoon

samples, it appears that afternoon temperature/oxygen/depth profiles give a reasonable estimate

when the amounts of habitat available to the fish at various temperature and oxygen levels are at a

minimum (Heidinger et al. 2001). Therefore, the afternoon samples would likely best indicate times

when fish would likely be exposed to maximum stress periods, and habitat profiles used in this

report were taken from the latest possible times recorded with a date for each year. During 2000-

2004, we added two additional lake segments (segment

3 and 4) to our original two segments

(segment 1 and 2) in Coffeen Lake. Segment

3 is the large arm on the west side of Coffeen Lake

known as cemetery bay, and segment 4

is the area between the intake canal and the railroad bridge.

and segment 4 are outside of the normal cooling loop. The mean percentage

difference in habitat was calculated at 1.0°

intervals from 87-97°

at dissolved oxygen levels from

1-4ppm at 1 ppm intervals.

Habitat availability was recorded year around during the initial three years

results indicated that potentially critical periods for fish only existed in the power-cooling lakes

between June and mid-September. Therefore, since 2000, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and

depth profiles were lTIonitored only during the summer periods when the grant time lines permitted.

Data from 2004 are presented in Appendix

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

In Newton Lake, mean monthly water temperatures at the outer edge of the discharge mixing

zone tended to be the same

or lower in 2000 through 2004 than in 1998 or 1999 (Table 2).

June through September mean monthly mixing zone temperatures in Coffeen Lake

during 2003 and 2004 were higher than in all previous years. However. as earlier reported,

maximum hourly temperatures in 2003 and 2004 were lower than in 1999 and never reached

"Variance" levels. In fact, maximun1 hourly ten1peratures at the outer edge

of the mixing zone in

each year have been

lower those recorded in 1999 (See the section on Plant Operation in Relation to

Discharge Standards).

Surface water temperatures at the mixing zone are only indicators

of effluent and do not

necessarily predict water temperatures throughout the lake.

They are also not necessarily indicative

of depth-related water temperatures. Therefore, a more informative indicator of abiotic lake

conditions for fish is

our habitat analysis. We determined the three days per year that had the

amount of habitat from our samples in 1998 through 2004 for Coffeen Lake (Table 22) and

Newton Lake (Table 23). In 2002, because of the contract time line, habitat monitoring formally

1. However, since there was a particularly warm period in July, we took temperature,

depth profiles in Coffeen Lake on July 6 and July 8. For all years (1998-2004), in

order to compare the amount

of habitat among years, percent habitat was calculated using 3-ppm

dissolved oxygen as a minimum criterion combined with four telnperatures from 87°F to 96°F.

Habitat percentages reported, represent lneans across all four seglnents in Newton Lake (Figure

and only segments one and two in Coffeen Lake (Figure 2).

In Coffeen Lake, five days appeared to be lnore critical than the remaining days with the

"worst habitat conditions." Those were days when habitat availability was less than 1

93 OF. At that temperature, fish in Coffeen Lake would be pressed to locate SOlne type of thermal

refugia to avoid short-term thermal stress. The most critical days did not necessarily only occur in

1999; further evidence that conditions beyond high water temperatures occurred in July to cause

1999 fish kill. Habitat conditions were nearly as critical on 8 August 2001. 6 July and 8 July, 2001,

and 20 August, 2003 as they were on 23 July, 1999 - just four days before the lnajor portion of the

fish kill occurred (Table 22). Unless dissolved oxygen becomes lilnited lake wide, Segments 3 and 4

(which are outside the cooling loop) should offer some refugia from the warmest temperatures with

the cooling loop,

and typical differences in habitat availability throughout the years can be seen in

the 2004 data (Table 24) and in previous years (Heidinger et al. 2003; Brooks 2004). Since the two

segments were not added until 2000, their habitats are not averaged into the data in Table 22.

Average, whole-lake habitat values do not necessarily give a complete indication

stressful the habitat really is to fish in specific sections of the lake. For example. the 8 July 2002

habitat values in Coffeen Lake indicate a more severe situation in Segment 1 (Table 24) than when

both segments are averaged (Table 22). Extremely lilnited habitat was available to fish in Coffeen

Lake on 8 August 2001, 6 and 8 July 2002, and 8 July 2002 (Table 22). Interestingly. and perhaps

indicating more serious conditions, these low levels usually OCCUlTed in both the cooling loop

(Segments 1 and 2) and outside of the cooling loop (Segments 3 and 4; Heidinger et al. 2003).

higher mean mixing zone water temperatures, such conditions were not detected during

The auxiliary cooling pond at Newton has been in operation since SUlnn1er in 2000. Among

the three least desirable temperature/oxygen events with 3-ppm oxygen at 87° F, the most critical

periods were recorded

on 24 July, 1999,25 July and 7 August 2001. and

August 2002. At 90°

0% habitat with 3-ppm oxygen occurred on 24 July

but on 25 July 2001. only 2% habitat was

available to fish (Table 23). To put this in perspective,

if the lake depth averaged 5 m, 20/0 of that

depth would mean only 0.1 m of water was available to the fish on that date. Fish kills occurred

within three days

of each of the two latter dates. All four segments are in the cooling loop at

Newton Lake. Segments 1 and 2 (discharge arm) tend to have less desirable habitat during the

summer months than Segments 3 and 4 (intake arm) (Table 25). It is likely that most of the fish

killed during the periods

of stressed habitat were located well inside the discharge arm when the

potentially fatal conditions began.

If this were not true, then the fish kills would have involved much

of fish within and among species.

Water Levels

Water levels in power-cooling reservoirs are typically lower than pool. Effects of lower water

levels on fish species are dependent on loss

of aquatic macrophyte habitats, or depending upon time

of year, spawning areas. Effects of lower water levels on water temperature and dissolved oxygen

profiles are not known. In Newton Lake, three

of the four worst habitat conditions occurred when

water levels were at least

1.5 feet below pool level (Figures 12 and 13). The fourth occurred in 1999.

just prior to the water levels dropping to 2.0 feet below pool. However. since there have been several

summer periods when water levels were silTIilar to the aforementioned dates. etTects of low water

levels on fish habitat are unclear at this time. Water levels occasionally are greater than pool over

extended periods. No attempt has been made to determine the extent

of spillway lTIortality in Newton

or Coffeen lakes. Given the amount of movement of largemouth bass exhibit throughout all seasons,

it is likely that some do escape over the spillway.

In Coffeen Lake, water levels fluctuate more than in Newton Lake. The levels have dipped to

over 3 feet below pool during four extended periods over the last eight years (Figures

of the lTIOSt severe habitat conditions does not show any indication that low water

prOlTIote the poor habitat conditions. As one would expect those periods when water levels

were over pool level often occurred during late spring or early summer. Since the higher water levels

were infrequent, spillway mortality was not considered to be a threat to sport species in the lake.

The data collected since 2000 represents a small. but specific portion of the data collected

The high cost of field data collection, laboratory work, and data analyses

is often prohibitive to researchers attempting to

answer field-related questions concerning fish

populations and the interaction between abiotic and biotic entities. In order to circumvent the

of costs, biologists attempt to examine trends in conjunction with traditional indices. Data

collected since 2000 was used as a continuation

of the data previously collected to examine such

biotic indices as abundance, mortality, relative weights, length frequencies, and growth as well as

abiotic information to determine habitat quality.

We also attempted to use data available from Illinois' Department of Natural Resources in

conjunction with SIU-C's for further analyses. Differences between parameters such as catch

effort obtained by

SIU and IDNR is probably due to sampling on different days. The same portion

of the fish community is not vulnerable to electrofishing gear every day. Electrofishing methods

were not consistent enough to average the

IDNR and SIU CPUEs for each year. IDNR data was

collected annually at specific stations and with preset amounts

of effort at each station, whereas SIU

employed a lTIOre random method of data collection. However, all of the data was useful as evidence

to develop conclusions about the various population parameters.

Mean lTIonthly water temperatures in Newton Lake during the annual study periods were

cooler following

In Coffeen Lake, the temperatures were actually warmer in 2003 and 2004

However, in both Newton Lake and Coffeen Lake, ll1axilTIUm hourly water

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

temperatures at the outer edge of the mixing zone in June, July and August were cooler in every year

since 1999. In part, these lower discharge temperatures resulted frOln the use of cooling ponds

added adjacent to Ne'Wton Lake and, in Coffeen Lake, cooling towers. Another factor was the

weather patterns in 2000 - 2004 versus 1999. In 1999, temperatures remained very hot for a

of weeks. In 2000 - 2004, very hot weather was followed for a few days by cooler weather, and in

some cases, heavy rain events. These rain events are reflected in the SUlnmer water levels

Lake. Weather patterns were mild through most

of summer 2003 and 2004, and at least in Ne'Wton

Lake, water temperatures were somewhat indicative

of the weather. The higher 2003 and 2004 mean

mixing zone, surface water temperatures in Coffeen Lake reflected the stable increase in power

production in that power plant. However, the mixing zone surface water temperatures were not

of cooler temperatures that persisted at depths of 3 m and lower in the mixing zone and

throughout the lake in 2004.

Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and water depth profiles (habitat availability) has been

monitored in both lakes since 1997. In Coffeen Lake, these profiles demonstrated that cemetery

cove and the area between the railroad bridge and the intake canal could serve as refuges for at least

part of the fish community during heavy thermal loading and/or low oxygen events.

On average, lower water temperatures resulted in more available habitat in both Newton

Lake and Coffeen Lake after 1999; however, averages can be somewhat misleading. Some of the

most severe habitat conditions that we have observed occurred in Coffeen Lake on August

July 6, 2002, and July 8, 2002. Coffeen Lake's Segments 3 and 4 can provide added refuge during

some extremely stressful habitat periods. but habitat conditions on the same three dates indicated

that these thermal refuge areas can be subjected to extrelnely low oxygen levels.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Shorter-term conditions or weather patterns that promote fish kills in ambient lakes (as

witnessed in 1999) can also be deleterious to habitat quality in the power-cooling lakes. These

conditions include very warm, cloudy periods when, in fact for power-cooling ponds, added

which may further deteriorate critical habitat. These types of weather patterns cause the

largest fish kills in all lakes, and it is difficult to ascertain whether an additional heat load induced

fish kills in the power-cooling reservoirs, or

if the severe weather patterns (or a combination of both)

induced the kills.

power-cooling ponds, a second condition that can contribute to fish kills is an eroding

sudden increase of power output and concurring increase in water discharge temperatures

some fish to move to an immediate, nearby cove for refuge. If that refuge becomes

secluded from inhabitable water by a significant distance (such as is likely

if it would occur nearer

the discharge mixing zone in either lake), then the refuge can be depleted

continuously high discharge temperatures. Fish inhabiting the cove will eventually

succumb to heat

if they must travel too far in find cooler water. In such instances, the fish kill would likely be

relatively small since not all fish would react to the sudden .increase in temperatures in the

manner (i.e. some would move to the cooler end of the lakes at the time increased temperatures were

initially perceived). Based on information collected since 1997, this entrapment likely occurred

three occasions in the two lakes; the second highest frequency in terms of fish kills since 1997.

Low-level angler mortality is likely the most frequently cited kill factor.

When epilimnion

temperatures are very hot, detrimental effects

of stress induced from increased activity and

consequential increase in lactic acid from hooking and handling by anglers is

compounded and likely

causes incidental mortality that is witnessed every year in both lakes. The

number of dead or

lTIoribund fish observed at specific areas frequented or recently vacated by anglers

is usually smalL

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

but witnessed or not, this type of mortality most certainly occurs throughout summer. During the

once-per-week sampling effort completed during summer 2000.2003, and 2004. very few dead or

dying fish were observed

in either Newton Lake or Coffeen Lake. The few largemouth bass

observed were found near boat docks and popular angler fishing areas. Since,

in 2000, a number of

boats were present at the dock when bass were observed, the bass may have been caught in a club

tournament and released at the dock.

of the variables were statistically tested to determine if they changed among years;

of the variables measured before and after the fish kill in 1 999 did not lend

themselves well to statistical comparisons. For example, it is possible to determine if the length

frequency distributions

of the sampled fish are different among years. Such a tool as the

Kolmogorov-Smirnov test will indicate

if there is a significant difference in the length frequency

of fish sampled between years. The problem is that fish kills are not the only reason

why the length frequency distributions can differ among years. Hypothetically.

if there is a statistical

difference between the length frequency distributions

of largemouth bass in Newton Lake in 1998

versus 1999, one possible reason could

be the fish kill in 1999. Another possible reason could be due

to unequal year-class strength. The largemouth bass population in Newton Lake, as in most lakes,

exhibits unequal year-class strength. Thus

as strong and weak year classes lTIOVe through the

popUlation the shape

of the length frequency distributions changes. A statistical test can indicate a

in shape but it cannot assign a specific cause to the difference.

In many cases a more appropriate approach, especially if data are available for a number

years, is to determine if the variables associated with the health of a fish COn11TIUnity fall within the

of historical data. Variables such as size frequency, electrofishing catch-per-unit effort,

age-O and age-I. total annual mortality. growth rates, and relative weight were

compared before and after the fish kill. All of the variables were essentially within historical levels.

These results strongly suggests that no substantial long-term detrimental effects occurred from the

fish kills in either lake. They also indicate that warmer water temperatures in Coffeen Lake during

the past two years have not been detrimental the largemouth bass population. Bluegill in both lakes

are generally stunted and short lived. This has been the case throughout the study period. The

channel catfish susceptible to surface electrofishing have also exhibited low condition characteristics

throughout the study.

In both lakes, largemouth bass represent the major sportfish. The largemouth bass have

exhibited characteristics

of populations that are healthy and should continue to offer very good

angling opportunities. Channel catfish also offer anglers with an alternative fishing source, but our

sampling method did not lend itself fully characterizing this species

in either lake. White crappie and

striped bass are also fished for in Coffeen lake, but neither species was targeted for trend

comparisons. In Newton Lake, white bass have recently increased in abundance, and based on

conversations with local anglers and a SIU-C technician, anglers are catching larger numbers of

quality-sized fish. White bass were not a target species for this study, and we collected insufficient

numbers to characterize the species further. If the species is reproducing, it will provide another

quality sportfish for anglers in Newton Lake.

LITERATURE CITED

Brooks, R. C. 2004. AmerenCIPS Newton and Coffeen Lakes Project. Report to An1erenCIPS

covering research from

5/02/2003-11130/2003

by Fisheries and Illinois Aquaculture Center,

Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.

HeidingeL R. C.,

R. Sheehan, and R. Brooks. 2000. AmerenCIPS Newton Lake Project. Report to

AmerenCIPS covering research

frOlTI 8/15/97-8/30/99 by Fisheries Research Laboratory and Illinois

Aquaculture Center, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. Vol. I and II.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Heidinger, R. C., R. Sheehan, and R. Brooks. 2001. AmerenCIPS Newton and Coffeen Lakes

Research and Monitoring Project. Report to AmerenCIPS covering research from

by Fisheries and Illinois Aquaculture Center, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.

Heidinger, R. C. and R. Brooks. 2002. AmerenCIPS Newton and Coffeen Lakes Project. Report to

AmerenCIPS covering research from

4/06/2001-10/31/2001

by Fisheries and Illinois Aquaculture

Center, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.

Heidinger, R. C.

and R. Brooks. 2003. AmerenCIPS Newton and Coffeen Lakes Project. Report to

AmerenCIPS covering research from

4/06/2002-10/31/2002

by Fisheries and Illinois Aquaculture

Center, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

AmerenCips Newton Lake Project's basic sampling schedule for data collected concurrently from

Jan Feb Mar Apr

Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov

October and November for n10rtality.

Extra sampling in following months as

Age and growth,

necessary for age and growth

samples per date: midway between

segment borders;

meter intervals to

October and November for lTIortality.

Extra san1pling in following lTIonths as

Age and growth,

necessary for age and growth

samples per date: midway between

segn1ent borders;

lTIeter intervals to

Starting dates for sampling were contingent upon grant approval.

Table 2. Comparison of summer and fall mean monthly temperatures

of the discharge mixing zones.

Hourly temperature data was provided by AnlerenCIPS except for Coffeen Lake in 2001,2003,

and 2004 which were obtained from SIU temperature recorders.

Table 3. Hourly surface temperatures in 1999 that exceeded 111°F at the outer edge of

Newton Lake discharge mixing zone. Within a year total hours above 111 of were not to

exceed 110°F (30/0 of total number of hours during the period June-October, 3,672 hours).

13:34:28 111.22

7/24/1999 20:34:28

14:34:28 111.39

21 :34:28 111.18

15:34:28 111.48

7/24/1999 22:34:28

16:34:28 111.65

13 :34:28 111.53

17:34:28 111.84

18:34:28 112.03

16:34:28 111.99

7/22/1999 19:34:28

16:34:29 111. 77

7/22/1999 20:34:29

18:34:28 111.43

21 :34:28 111. 93

18:34:28 112.13

19:34:28 112.61

22:34:28 111.85

19:34:28 112.06

20:34:28 112.11

7/29/1999 22:34:28

10:34:28 111.59

7/25/1999 22:34:28

23 :34:28 112.85

11 :34:29 112.01

7/25/1999 23:34:28

7/30/1999 0:34:28 112.79

12:34:28 112.32

11 :34:28 111.15

11 :34:28 111.81

13:34:28 112.53

12:18:32 111.28

12:34:28 111. 85

14:34:28 111.93

14:34:28 112.99

15:34:28 112.06

17:34:28 112.57

15 :34:28 113.31

18:34:28 112.46

16:34:28 113.27

17:34:28 111.98

19:34:28 112.47

18:34:28 111.84

7/26/1999 20:34:29

18:34:28 113.37

19:34:28 111.77

19:34:28 113.51

7/23/1999 20:34:28

22:34:28 112.33 7/30/1999

7/23/1999 21:34:28

23 :34:29 112.29

21:34:28 113.63

7/23/1999 22:34:28

22:34:28 113.66

7/23/1999 23:34:28

23:34:28 113.64

11 :34:28 111.54

15:34:28 111.54 7/31/1999

12:34:28 111.96

14:34:28 112.27

18:34:28 111. 78 7/31/1999

19:34:28 111.57

16:34:28 112.05

7/27/1999 20:34:29

21 :34:28 Ill. 7

7/27/1999 23:34:28

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table 4. Hourly surface temperatures in 1999 that exceeded 112°F at the outer edge of

Coffeen Lake discharge mixing zone. Within a year total hours above 112°F were not to

(3% of total nUlnber of hours during the period May - October, 4,416 hours).

7/2811999 19:00:00

7/23/1999 20:00:00

7/2811999 20:00:00

7/2511999 14:00:00

21 :00:00 113.37

7/25/1999 15:00:00

7/28/2002 22:00:00

7/2511999 16:00:00

13 :00:00 112.89

17:00:00 112.43

15:00:00 114.04

7/25/1999 19:00:00

16:00:00 122.49

7/2511999 20:00:00

17:00:00 114.56

23 :00:00 112.8

18:00:00 114.67

13 :00:00 113.48

21 :00:00 113.6

15:00:00 113.87

7/29/1999 22:00:00

16:00:00 112.19

23:00:00 113.89

1 :00:00 113.24

7/2611999 19:00:00

7/26/1999 20:00:00

3 :00:00 113.11

21 :00:00 112.96 7/30/1999

7/26/1999 22:00:00

114.17 7/30/1999

12:00:00 112.74

7/26/1999 23:00:00

15 :00:00 114.65

15 :00:00 113.22

16:00:00 114.88

16:00:00 113.81

7/30/1999 19:00:00

7/27/1999 20:00:00

7/2711999 21:00:00

22:00:00 112.95

7/27/1999 22:00:00

7/28/1999 15:00:00

Table 5. Numbers of dead and morbid fishes observed by SIU personnel in Coffeen Lake

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table 6. Number of dead and morbid fishes observed by SIU personnel in Newton Lake

Table 7. Summary of Chapman-Robson (1960) (C-R) and catch curve estimates (C-C) of actual annual

mortality rate (percent) for largemouth bass, bluegill, and channel catfish calculated from catch data of

fish captured in each lake during fall 1997-2004 (-- indicates an undeterminable value or no sampling

Largemouth Bass

Channel Catfish

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table 8. Number and total length of dead and morbid fish observed by STU

personnel in Coffeen Lake and Newton Lake in 2000 and 2001.

Table 8. Continued.

LMB = Largemouth bass; CCF = chatmel catfish; GZ = gizzard

white crappie; BC = black crappie: HSB = hybrid striped bass: STPB = striped

WHB = white bass

The nUlnber in parenthesis represents the prorated number of fish killed in

each size group based on the extrapolated estilnate. See appendix G and H for

the extrapolation procedure.

Table 9. Number and total length of dead and moribund fish estimated

by IDNR personnel in Coffeen Lake from 24 June through 4 July, 2002.

Largemouth bass

Channel catfish

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table 10. Size frequency distributions (0/0) for white crappie in Newton Lake based on IDNR

spring and fall electrofishing samples from fall 1976 to fall 2004. The electrofishing effort

was not constant over all sampling periods.

Total length (inches)a

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Total length (inches)3

aj Since IDNR measures fish in

it is not possible to calculate the

of white crappie in even inch groups.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table 11. Size frequency distributions (0/0) for bluegill in Newton Lake based on IDNR

spring and fall electrofishing samples fron1 fall 1976 to fall 2004. Electrofishing effort

was not constant for all years.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table 11. Continued.

a/ Since IDNR measures fish in 10 mI11 size groups, it is not possible to calculate the

of bluegill in even inch groups.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table 12. Size frequency distributions (%) for channel catfish in Newton Lake based on

IDNR spring and fall electrofishing samples from fall 1976 to fall 2004. Electrofishing

effort was not constant over all years.

Total length (inches)a

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table 12. Continued.

Total length (inches

a/ Since IDNR measures fish in 10 mm size groups, it is not possible to calculate

of channel catfish in even inch groups.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table 13. Size frequency distributions

for largelnouth bass in N e\V1:on Lake based on

IDNR spring and fall electrofishing smnples from fall 1976 to fall 2004. Electrofishing

effort was not constant

over all years.

Total length (inches)a

Table 13. Continued.

Total length (inches)a

a/ Since IDNR measures fish in 10 mm size groups, it is not possible to calculate the

of largemouth bass in even inch groups.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table 14. Three phase electrofishing catch-per-unit effort of

largemouth bass, bluegill, and channel catfish from Newton

Lake during the fall

of 1997-2004 by IDNR and SIU.

Largemouth bass

Channel catfish

a/ IDNR collected fish from their standard smnpling sites

SIU collected fish froln each of their four sampling

Table 15. Size frequency distribution (0/0) for largenlouth bass,

bluegill, and channel catfish

in Coffeen Lake from IDNR fall

electro fishing salnples.

Largemouth Bass

Sampled Sampled

Channel Catfish

<1/ Since IDNR Ineasures fish in 10 mnl size groups. it is not possible

to calculate the percentages in even inch groups.

Table 16. Three phase electrofishing catch-per-unit effort of

bluegill, and channel catfish from Coffeen

lake during the fall

of 1997-2004 by IDNR and SIU.

Largemouth bass

Channel catfish

a/ IDNR collected fish frOln their standard smnpling sites

and SIU collected fish from each

of their two sampling

Table 17. Relative weights of three species of fish collected by IDNR and SIU in fall electrofishing

of Newton Lake and Coffeen Lake from 1997-2004.a ANOVA followed by Tukey post doc text

were used to test for significance. Means with the same superscript are not significantly different (alpha

Relati ve weight

Relative weight

Largenl0uth bass

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table 17. Continued

Relative weight

Relative weight

ChaIu1el catfish

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table 18. Errors associated with using IDNR fall electrofishing length frequency data to estimate

catch-per-unit effort

of age-O largemouth bass based on the size-age distribution of SIU fall

electrofishing samples.

a/ Percent error associated with choosing the longest age-O largemouth bass as the cut off point.

Number ofage-O and age-l bass.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table 19. Trends in recruitment of largemouth bass in Newton Lake based on electrofishing

per unit effort (catch per hour) age-O and age-l

ill Largenlouth bass in the IDNR fall electrofishing samples less than or equal to the length of the

longest age-O largenlouth bass at capture that was aged in each

of the SIU fall sanlples were

considered to be age-O bass.

Largenlouth bass were aged by eXaInining their saggitae otoliths.

Back-calculated length of bass at age-l for each year was used as the upper cut off lengths for

age-l bass collected by IDNR in their spring salnples.

The age-l fish collected in a given spring sample belong to the previous year's age-class.

Fall sample. IDNR no longer samples in spring.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table 20. Trends in recruitment of largemouth bass in Coffeen Lake based on fall electrofishing

catch per unit effort (catch

per hour) of age-O and age-l

Largenl0uth bass in the IDNR fall electrofishing sanlpJes less than or equal to the length of the

longest age-O largenlouth bass at capture that was aged

in each of the SIU fall electrofishing

samples were considered to be age-O bass.

Fish were aged by exanlining their saggittae otoliths.

Table 21. Largemouth bass total lengths (mm) at age when collected during late

October through mid-November. Different superscripts indicate total lengths

that were statistically significantly different

(p=0.05) among years and within

Table 22. Comparison of the three days in Coffeen Lake during 1998 through 2004 that had the worst habitat conditions.

COlnparisons are made at 3 ppm dissolved for 4 temperatures. Percent habitats were averaged between Segment 1 and 2.

Table 22. Continued.

In 2002, due to the tilning of funding, telnperature, oxygen and depth profiles were not formally started until August. However,

profiles were taken on July 6 and July 8, 2002.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table 23. Comparison of the three days in Newton Lake during 1998 through 2004 that had the worst habitat conditions.

COlnpariso11s are Inade at 3 ppm dissolved for 4 temperatures. Percent habitats were averaged in all four segn1ents.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table 23. Continued.

"/ In 2002- due to the tin1ing of funding, telnperature, oxygen and depth profiles were not forn1ally started until August.

Table 24. Percent habitat among segments at various temperatures and oxygen ranges in Coffeen Lake during

May-September 2004. Profiles were taken from 2:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m.

Dissolved Oxygen

73 100 100 50 65 100 100

73 73 100 100 63 65 100 100

73 73 100 100 63 65 100 100

73 73 100 100 63 65 100 100

63 52 100 100 58 52 97 96

63 52 100 100 58 52 97 96

63 52 100 100 58 52 97 96

63 52 100 100 58 52 97 96

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table 24. Continued.

35 50 70 100 30

Table 24. Continued.

Dissolved Oxygen

Table 24. Continued.

Dissolved Oxygen

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Iable 24 CQntinued

Percent habitat among segments at various teillperatures and oxygen ranges in Newton Lake during May-

Septen1ber 2004.

Profiles were taken from 12:00 p.Ill. to 6:30 p.m.

Dissolved Oxygen

1 00 1 00 100 1 00

1 00 100 100 1 00

100 1 00 1 00 1 00

1 00 100 100 1 00

100 100 100 100

100 100 100 100

100 100 100 100

100 100 100 100

1 00 100 100 100

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table 25. Continued.

Dissolved Oxygen

Table 25. Continued.

Dissolved Oxygen

Table 25. Continued.

Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen

Newton Lake with four segments where saInpling was conducted. Water temperature

and dissolved oxygen were sampled at each transect line from August 1997 through 2004.

Numbers represent locations

of continuous telnperature recorders.

Figure 2. Coffeen Lake with two segments where sampling was conducted for water temperature

and dissolved oxygen frOln August 1997 through 2004. Segments 3 and 4 were

Satnpling sites are represented by numbers inside lake borders.

- _.- -- _._--------

Figure 3. Mean, minimum and maximum daily temperatures during 2001 in the Coffeen Lake lnixing zone. Lake bottom is

approximately 18.0 feet.

Degrees Farenheit

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Surface -+-1.5 Meters --3.0 Meters --'-4.5 Meters

Figure 5. Mean daily telnperatures at four water levels during 2001 in the Coffeen Lake mixing zone. Lake bottom is approxilnately

-e- Surface -+-1.5 Meters --3.0 Meters

..- ..- ..- ..- ..- ..- ..- ..- ..-

-.....-.....-----.....----

Figure 6. Mean daily temperatures at four water levels during 2001 in the Coffeen Lake mixing zone. Lake bOtt0111 is approximately

q}"'\:) q}"'1,.

Figure 7. Mean daily temperatures at four water levels during 2001 in the Newton Lake mixing zone. Lake bottom is approximately

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

'-.../ .......

Figure 8. Mean daily temperatures at four water levels during 2001 in the Newton Lake mixing zone. Lake bottom is approximately

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

---------~-~----

r'J

......... -

Mean daily ten1peratures at four water levels during

in the Coffeen Lake mixing zone. Lake botton1 is approximately

Figure 10. Growth rates of largelTIouth bass during 1997-2004 in Newton Lake based on fish aged from their otoliths. Lengths within

ages that have the same letter are not statistically different at

Figure 11. Growth rates of largemouth bass during 1997-2004

Coffeen Lake based on fish aged from their otoliths. Lengths within

ages that have the same letter are not statistically significant different at

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

--- - - - --- -

Aug- Oct- Oec- Feb- Apr- Jun- Aug- Oct- Oec- Feb- Apr- Jun- Aug- Oct- Oec- Feb- Apr- Jun- Aug- Oct-

Figure 12. Water levels (feet) in relation to pool level in Newton Lake during 1997-2000.

------ ---------

Jan- Mar- May- Jul- Sep- Nov- Jan- Mar- May- Ju\- Sep- Nov- Jan- Mar- May- Jul- Sep- Nov- Jan- Mar- May- Jul- Sep- Nov-

Figure 13. Water levels (feet) in relation to pool level in Newton Lake during 2001-2004.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Jan- Mar- May- Jul- Sep- Nov- Jan- Mar- May- Jul- Sep- Nov- Jan- Mar- May- Jul- Sep- Nov- Jan- Mar- May- Jul- Sep- Nov-

Figure 14. Water levels (feet) in relation to pool level in Coffeen Lake during 1997-2000.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Jan- Mar- May- JuJ- Sep- Nov- Jan- Mar- May- Jul- Sep- Nov- Jan- Mar- May- JuJ- Sep- Nov- Jan- Mar- May- JuJ- Sep- Nov-

Figure 15. Water levels (feet) in relation to pool level in Coffeen Lake during 2001-2004.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Growth, and Relative Weight

Introduction:

The purpose of this portion of the study is to compare the age, growth, and

relative weight results

of the 1997-2004 study to the results of the past year. This is

being done to determine the impacts, if any, of the July 1999 fish kill on the fish

population in Newton Lake and Coffeen Lake (Heidinger et. al. 2000).

Fish were collected from Newton Lake during October, November, and December

1997-2004 for age and growth analysis. AC electrofishing was used

in an attempt to

capture 100 each largemouth bass, bluegill, channel catfish, and white crappie (1997-

2004). It was recognized that it might not be possible to obtain 100 crappie and channel

catfish from each lake.

At least one additional trip was made in attempt to collect fish

from age groups that were not collected during the first sampling trip.

Channel catfish were aged using pectoral spines. The spines were sectioned with

a variable speed Isomet saw equipped with a diamond blade. The otolith is the only

reliable structure for aging Inost scaled fish and has proven to be a reliable hard part for

age and growth analysis on scaled fish in Illinois power cooling lakes (Heidinger and

Clodfelter 1987). Thus, it was necessary to sacrifice scaled fish in order to obtain the

paired saggittae otoliths: All fish were brought back

to the laboratory on ice, identified,

weighed, and measured. Their saggittae otoliths were removed, and age and growth were

determined. All spines and otoliths were aged by two experienced readers.

differed, the readers tried to reach an agreement.

If no agreement was possible, the fish

frOln the satnple.

Back calculations were performed on all aged fish by year-class. For example.

age-2+ fish were back calculated to 2 years old only, age-1

fish were back calculated to

1 year old only, and so on. Back calculated weights were determined using a lake and

species specific regression

of length at capture versus weight at capture.

There were a few lTIoribund fish collected during 1999 and measured but not

weighed, and their saggitae otoliths were removed and utilized in analysis

growth data. Since they were not weighed, they were omitted from the relative weight

analysis. Other fish which died while implanting temperature tags or which were

returned with temperature tags were used for age and growth analyses but not relative

weight analysis. Relative weights were calculated using the most recent formulas given

in Anderson and Neumann (1996).

Literature Cited:

R. O. and Neumann. 1996. Length, weight, and associated structural indices.

Brian R. Murphy and David W. Willis, editors, Fisheries

techniques, second edition. Education Section, American Fisheries Society,

Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Heidinger, R.C., and K.C. Clodfelter. 1987. Validity

of the otolith for determining age

of walleye, striped bass, and small mouth bass in power cooling ponds.

R.C. Summerfelt and G.E. Hall (eds.). Age and Growth of

Fish. Iowa State University Press, Ames Iowa.

Heidinger. R.C.,

R. Sheehan, and R. C. Brooks. 2000. Amerin CIPS Newton Lake Project

I, Vol. II, Final Report 15 August 1997 - 30 August 1999. Fisheries Research

Laboratory and Illinois Aquaculture Center, Southern Illinois University at

Table A 1. The age, number, back-calculated mean length, and derived weight of

largemouth bass collected from Newton Lake during 2000 - 2004. Numbers, relative

weights, total number per sample, and mean relative weights are shown for the Fish Health

Assessment during March (Spring) and Age and Growth during October and November

(Fall) samples.

Total Numbers & Mean Relative Weights

Total Numbers & Mean Relative Weights

Table A 1. Continued.

Mean Relative Weights

Mean Relative Weights

Mean Relative Weights

Year 2000: Log (weight(lb)) = -3.4620732

3.2165256 (Log (Iength(in))

2 / Relative weight is based on length and weight at capture.

3/ Year 2001: Log (weight(lb)) = -3.582035

3.2989443 (Log (length(in)))

4 / Year 2002: Log (weight(Ib)) = -3.53113

3.23442 (Log (Iength(in)))

5 / Year 2003: Log (weight(lb)) = -3.54714

3.26140 (Log (Iength(in)))

6 / Year 2004: Log (weight(lb)) = -3.61706

3 .31372 (Log (Iength(in))

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table A2. The age, number, back-calculated mean length, and derived weight of

largemouth bass collected from Coffeen Lake during 2000 - 2004. Numbers, relative

weights, total number per sample, and mean relative weights are shown for the Fish Health

Assessment during March (Spring) and Age and Growth during

October and November

(Fall) samples.

Total Numbers & Mean Relative Weights

Total Numbers & Mean Relative Weights

Table A2. Continued.

Mean Relative Weights

Mean Relative Weights

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table A2. Continued.

Mean Relative Weights

1/ Year 2000: Log (weight(lb)) = -3.4390102

3.1806693 (Log (length(in))) R2 = 0.9999.

2 / Relative weight is based on length and weight at capture.

3 / Year 2001: Log (weight(lb)) = -3.52719

3.2523198 (Log (Iength(in))) R2 = 0.9950.

4 / Year 2002: Log (weight(lb))

3.2523198 (Log (Iength(in))) R2

5 / Year 2003: Log (weight(lb)) = -3.64022

3.32721 (Log (Iength(in))) R2 = 0.9536.

6/ Year 2004: Log (weight(lb)) = -3.48398

3.20190 (Log (Iength(in))) R2 = 0.9946.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table A3. The age, number, back-calculated mean length, and derived weight of

bluegill collected from Newton Lake during 2000 - 2004. Numbers, relative weights

(Wr), total number per sample, and mean relative weights are shown for the October

and November samples.

Mean length (in.)

Relative weight

Mean length (in.)

Mean weighe (lb)

Mean length (in.)

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table A3. Continued.

Mean length (in.)

Mean length (in.)

Mean weightS (Ib)

Relative weight}

Mean weightS (Ib)

Relative weight

1/ Year 2000: Log (weight(lb)) = -3.5067474

3.4488285 (Log (length(in))) R2 = 0.9993.

2 / Relative weight is based on length and weight at capture.

3 / Year 2001: Log (weight(lb)) = -3.273945

3.0604569 (Log (length(in))) R2 = 0.9790.

Year 2002: Log (weight(lb)) = -3.3669

3.19791 (Log (Iength(in))) R2

Year 2003: Log (weight(lb)) = -3.57431

3.41676(Log (length(in))) R2 = 0.8816.

6 / Year 2004: Log (weight(lb)) = -3.48818

3.32743 (Log (length(in))) R2 = 0.9900.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table A4. The age, number, back-calculated mean length, and derived

of bluegill collected from Coffeen Lake during 2000 - 2004.

Numbers, relative weights (Wr), total number per sample, and mean relative

weights are shown for the October and November samples.

Mean length (in.)

Relative weight

Mean length (in.)

Mean weight] (lb)

Relative weight

Mean length (in.) Mean weight

Relative weight

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table A4. Continued.

Mean length (in.)

Mean length ( in.) Mean weight

RelatIve welghc

1/ Year: 2000: Log (weight(lb» = -2.9604812

2.6174635 (Log (length(in»)R

2 / Relative weight is based on length and weight at capture.

3 / Year 2001: Log (weight(lb» = -3.372721

3.1766147 (Log (Iength(in») R2 = 0.9650.

4/ Year 2002: Log (weight(lb» = -3.30150

3.07455 (Log (Iength(in») R2 = 0.9357.

5 / Year 2003: Log (weight(lb» = -3.38336

3.14553 (Log (Iength(in») R2 = 0.9291.

6 / Year 2004: Log (weight(lb»

3.03324 (Log (length(in») R2

The age, number, back-calculated mean length, and derived weight of channel

catfish collected

from Newton Lake during 2000 - 2004. Numbers, relative weights (Wr),

total number per sample,

and mean relative weights are shown for the October and

November samples.

Mean length (in.)

Relative weight

Mean length (in.)

Relative weight

Table A5. Continued.

Mean length (in.)

Relative weight

Mean length (in.)

Mean weightS (Ib)

Relative weight

Table A5. Continued.

Mean length (in.) Mean weight) (lb)

Relative weight

1/ Year 2000: Log (weight(lb)) = -3.9049812

3.3222383 (Log (Iength(in))) R2 = 0.9970.

2 / Relative weight is based on length and weight at capture.

3 / Year 2001: Log (weight(lb))

3.4817214 (Log (Iength(in))) R

Year 2002: Log (weight(lb)) = -3.64269

3.10177 (Log (Iength(in))) R2 = 0.9127.

) / Year 2003: Log (weight(lb)) = -4.04504

3.42223 (Log (Iength(in))) R2

6 / Year 2004: Log (weight(lb)) = -3.91399

3.30744 (Log (Iength(in))) R2 = 0.9774.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table A6. The age, number, back-calculated mean length, and derived weight of

channel catfish collected from Coffeen Lake during 2000 - 2004. NUlnbers, relative

weights (Wr), total number per sample, and mean relative weights are shown for the

November samples.

Mean length (in.)

Mean weight' (lb)

Relative weight

Mean length (in.) Mean weighe (lb)

Relative weight

Table A6. Continued.

Mean length (in.)

Relative weight

Mean length (in.)

Mean weightS (lb)

Relative weight

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table A6. Continued.

Mean length (in.) Mean weightS (Ib) Relative weight

1/ Year 2000: Log (weight(lb»

2.3853775 (Log (Iength(in») R2

Relative weight is based on length and weight at capture.

3/ Year 2001: Log (weight(lb» = -3.774206

3.2291283 (Log (Iength(in») R2 = 0.9290.

4/ Year 2002: Log (weight(lb)) = -3.67923

3.15485 (Log (Iength(in))) R2 = 0.9359.

5 / Year 2003: Log (weight(lb) = -4.08573

3.47999 (Log (Iength(in») R2 = 0.9709.

6 / Year 2004: Log (weight(lb» = -3.86875

3.23295 (Log (Iength(in») R2 = 0.9805.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Appendix B: Mortality

Introduction:

of this portion of the study is to compare the mortality results of 2000-2004.

This is being done to determine the impacts,

if any, of the July 1999 fish kill on the fish

Newton Lake and Coffeen Lake (Heidinger et. al. 2000).

Chapman and Robson (1960) and the catch-curve methods were both used to

calculate estimates

of mortality for largemouth bass, bluegilL white crappie, and channel catfish

captured within

each of the study lakes. Mortality estimates were calculated using the first 100

fish collected during

our fall saInpling. Plots of the natural log of cohort age-frequency were

used to determine the age at which

each species could be used to calculate the mortality ratio.

Due to the small sample size, it was determined that we would use the apex of the plot of the

of cohort age-frequency curve prior to the descending limb instead of the next oldest

Literature Cited:

Chapman, D.G., and D.A. Robson. 1960. The analysis of a catch curve. Biometrics 16:354-

Heidinger, R.C.,

R. Sheehan, and R. C. Brooks. 2000. An1erenCIPS Newton Lake Project Vol. L

Vol. II, Final Report

15 August 1997 - 30 August 1999. Fisheries Research Laboratory

and Illinois Aquaculture Center, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.

Table B 1. Chapman Robson (1960) estimates of mortality and survival for

largemouth bass, bluegill, white crappie, and channel catfish calculated from catch

of fish captured in each lake sampled during October and November 2000 and

October through December 2001.

Coffeen Largemouth

Newton Largemouth 100

Coffeen Largemouth

Newton LargelTIouth

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table B2. Chapman Robson (1960) estimates of mortality and survival for

largemouth bass, bluegill, white crappie, and channel catfish calculated from catch

data offish captured in each lake sampled during October 2002 and 2003.

vulnerable Survival

Coffeen Largemouth

Newton Largemouth

Coffeen Largemouth

Newton Largemouth

Table B3. Chapman Robson (1960) estimates of mortality and survival for

largemouth bass, bluegill, white crappie, and channel catfish calculated from catch

of fish captured in each lake sampled during October 2004.

vulnerable Survival

Coffeen Largemouth

Newton Largemouth

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table B4. Catch curve estilnates of mortality and survival for largen10uth bass, bluegill, white

crappie, and channel catfish calculated from catch data of fish captured in each lake sampled

during October and November 2000 (-- indicates an undeterminable value) and October through

Decem ber 2001.

Ages when Survival Mortality

Coffeen Largemouth bass

Channel Catfish

Newton Largem outh bass

Channel Catfish

Coffeen Largemouth Bass

Channel Catfish

Newton Largemouth Bass 103

Channel Catfish

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table B5. Catch curve estimates of mortality and survival for largemouth bass, bluegill, white

crappie, and channel catfish calculated froln catch data

of fish captured in each lake salnpled

during October 2002 and 2003.

vulnerable Survival

Coffeen Largelnouth Bass

Channel Catfish

Newton Largemouth Bass

Channel Catfish

LargeITIOuth Bass

Channel Catfish

Newton Largemouth Bass

Channel Catfish

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table B6. Catch curve estiluates of luortality and survival for largeluouth bass, bluegill, white

crappie, and channel catfish calculated from catch data

of fish captured in each lake smupled

during October 2004.

vulnerable Survival

Coffeen LargelTIouth Bass

Channel Catfish

Newton Largeluouth Bass

Channel Catfish

Appendix C: Catch Per Unit Effort and Relative Abundance

Historically, in Newton Lake, at least six (but usually twelve) hours

of electrofishing per

year has been done by the Illinois Department

of Natural Resources (IDNR). Fish collected by

Southern Illinois University Fisheries Lab personnel (SIUC) for age and growth and mortality

during October and November 2000-2004 were also used

to calculate CPUE and relative

abundance. One person dipped fish while another maneuvered the boat. All fish

species were collected as required by age and growth and mortality data and total effort was

recorded. Total effort for the different species was highly variable due to the abundance and

of the different target species. All fish collected were identified, counted, and

measured. We recognize that catch rates and length frequencies

of a particular species can be

affected by parameters including, but not limited

to total effort. water temperature, weather

patterns, and water clarity. In order to mitigate these factors, timing

of the sampling was similar

in all four years and IDNR data were used for comparison

of CPUE trends.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table C-I. Three phase electrofishing catch-per-unit effort

of largemouth bass, bluegill, and channel catfish from

Newton Lake during the fall of 1997-2004 by IDNR and

Largemouth bass

Channel catfish

aj IDNR collected fish from their standard sampling sites

and SIU collected

fish from each of their four sampling

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table C-2. Three phase electrofishing catch-per-unit effort

of largemouth bass, bluegill, and channel catfish from

Coffeen lake during the fall of 1997-2004 by IDNR and

Largemouth bass

Channel catfish

aJ IDNR collected fish from their standard sampling sites

and SIU collected fish from each

of their two sampling

11.4 13.4 15.4 17.3 19.3 21.3

9.4 11.4 13.4 15.4 17.3 19.3 21.3

Length (inches)

Length (inches)

11.4 13.4 15.4 17.3 19.3 21.3

9.4 11.4 13.4 15.4 17.3 19.3 21.3

Length (inches)

Length (inches)

Figure C 1. Length-frequency histograms of largemouth bass captured by slue in Newton Lake during the months of October and

November 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. Lengths are combined into 0.39-inch (lO-mm) groups.

Length (inches)

7.5 9.4 11.4 13.4

15.4 17.3 19.3 21.3

Length (inches)

9.4 11.4 13.4 15.4 17.3 19.3 21.3

Length (inches)

11.4 13.4 15.4 17.3 19.3 21.3

Length (inches)

Figure C2. Length-frequency histogram of largemouth bass captured by

in Newton Lake during October through December

2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004. Lengths are con1bined into 0.39-inch

(1 O-mm) groups.

9.4 11.4 13.4 15.4 17.3 19.3 21.3

11.4 13.4 15.4 17.3 19.3 21.3

Length (inches)

Length (inches)

11.4 13.4 15.4 17.3 19.3 21.3

9.4 11.4 13.4 15.4 17.3 19.3 21.3

Length (inches)

Length (inches)

Length-frequency histograms of largemouth bass captured by SIUC in Coffeen Lake during the lTIonths of October and

November 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. Lengths are combined into 0.39-inch (1 0-n1n1) groups.

9.4 11.4 13.4 15.4 17.3 19.3 21.3

Length (inches)

9.4 11.4 13.4 15.4 17.319.321.3

Length (inches)

9.4 11.4 13.4 15.4 17.3 19.3 21.3

Length (inches)

7.5 9.4 11.4 13.4 15.4 17.3 19.3 21.3

Length (inches)

Length-frequency histogram of largemouth bass captured by SIUC in Coffeen Lake during October through Decen1ber

2001,2002,2003, and 2004. Lengths are combined into 0.39-inch (l0-lnn1) groups.

Length (inches)

Length (inches)

Length (inches)

Length (inches)

Figure C5. Length-frequency histograms of bluegill captured by SIUC in Newton Lake during the months of October and

Novenlber 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. Lengths are combined into 0.39-inch (lO-nlm) groups.

Length (inches)

Length (inches)

o -+-'---'--'. n--L.

Length (inches)

Length (inches)

Length-frequency histogram of bluegill captured by SIUC in Newton Lake during October through December 2001,

2002, 2003, and 2004. Lengths are

combined into 0.39-inch ( 1 O-mn1) groups.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Length (inches)

Length (inches)

3.9 4.7 5.5 6.3

Length (inches)

Length (inches)

Figure C7. Length-frequency histograms of bluegill captured by SlUC in Coffeen Lake during the months of October and

Noven1ber 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. Lengths are combined into 0.39-inch (lO-mm) groups.

T - - -,--,----

-,--,---,----,-- ,--, - -,

Length (inches)

Length (inches)

Length (inches)

Length (inches)

Length-frequency histogram of bluegill captured by

in Coffeen Lake during October through Decen1ber 2001,

2002, 2003, and 2004. Lengths are combined into 0.39-inch (10-mnl) groups.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

11.0 12.6 14.2 15.7 17.3 18.9 20.5 22.0

11.0 12.6 14.2 15.7 17.3 18.9 20.5 22.0

Length (inches)

Length (inches)

11.012.614.215.717.318.920.522.0

11.012.614.215.717.318.920.522.0

Length (inches)

Length (inches)

Length-frequency histograms of channel catfish captured by SIUC in Newton Lake during the months of October and

1998, 1999, and 2000. Lengths are combined into 0.39-inch

--1--, ----1'-1-,-,---,

-~-~~-,----,,-,-~-,-.,

Length (inches)

Length (inches)

Length (inches)

Length (inches)

Figure e 10. Length-frequency histogram of channel catfish captured by slue in Newton Lake during October through Decen1ber

200 I, 2002, 2003 and 2004. Lengths are

combined into 0.39-inch (1 0-n1111) groups.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

o Iii I I iii Iii Iii iii I"', I'rrr,

6.3 7.9 9.4 11.0 12.6 14.2 15.7 17.3 18.9 20.5 22.0

Length (inches)

63 7.9 9.4 11.0 12.6 14.2 15.7 17.3 18.9 20.5 22.0

Length (inches)

'''''1'''1"''1'1

6.3 7.9 9.4 11.0 12.6 14.2 15.7 17.3 18.9 20.5 22.0

Length (inches)

11 rl I I rl "rr

6.3 7.9 9.4 11.0 12.6 14.2 15.7 17.3 18.9 20.5 22.0

Length (inches)

Length-frequency histograms of channel catfish captured by SIUC in Coffeen Lake during the lTIonths of October and

Noven1ber 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. Lengths are cOlnbined into 0.39-inch (lO-mm) groups.

I I I I I I I ; I I I I I

~~·-r~-'----'-'--,

Length (inches)

Length (inches)

Length (inches)

Length (inches)

Figure C 12. Length-frequency histogran1 of channel catfish captured by SIUC in Coffeen Lake during October through December

2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004. Lengths are combined into 0.39-inch (lO-mm) groups.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Appendix D. Depth, Temperature, Oxygen Profile

Materials and Methods:

Methods used in 2004 to detern1ine telnperature and temperature, oxygen and

depth profiles were the saIne as methods used during previous years of this study (1997-

2003). The timeline was slightly different among the years due to the grant

confirmations in each year. Temperature and oxygen were sampled weekly during

beginning in May (Newton Lake) and June (Coffeen Lake), and sampling continued

September 2004 in both lakes. Temperature, oxygen, and depth profiles were

same stations during the four years included in this report in Newton Lake

Fl) and Coffeen Lake (Figures F2). Two probes from YSI Model 550A

temperature/oxygen meters were used in tandem for sampling. Measurements were taken

at 0.5-m intervals from the surface to the bottom; therefore, the final reading taken each

sample date is within 0.5 - m of the bottom of the lake. Measurements were taken at the

111idpoint of each of four segments of each lake. Oxygen membranes were changed

frequently. Graphs depicting the temperature and depth profiles taken are given in this

Newton Lake, temperature loggers were set for continuous readings (l-hr

intervals) at three of AlnerenCIPS' biostations in Newton Lake (Figure FI) beginning in

The temperature loggers were progrmnlned to measure temperature every 2

minutes. and the mean

of these measurements was recorded every I hour to determine the

hourly temperature. We had an additional station on the buoy line

near the intake.

Loggers were set at the surface and at 1.5-m intervals to a

maximum of 4.5 m at each

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

station. Thus, temperature loggers were set at the surface, 1.5 m (4.9 ft.), 3.0 m (9.8 ft.),

and 4.5 m (14.8 ft.) in Segments 1 - 4 of Newton Lake.

In Coffeen Lake, telnperature loggers were set at the same depth intervals as

described for Newton Lake in five stations located at on either AmerenCips' biostations

or buoys. The loggers were set at biostations at the mixing zone, near the dam, and near

the intake (Figure F2). Additional loggers were set on buoys provided by

railroad bridge and in Cemetery Cove across

fron1 the intake. The buoy and temperature

loggers in Cemetary Cove were stolen at some time between August 5 and August 14,

2005, and no data is available for that segment after August 4, 2005.

In both lakes, mean daily temperature and maximum daily temperature was

determined from the hourly readings. Monthly mean temperature was determined by

averaging the mean daily ten1peratures each month. Table

Fl gives temperatures

recorded by AmerenCIPS' s recorders located at the biostations in the mixing zones

Newton Lake during 1997 through 2004. Similar data is given for Coffeen Lake mixing

zone temperatures in Table F2, except water mixing zone temperatures were not provided

by AmerenCIPS in 2003.

Wee1dy temperature and oxygen profiles were used

to estimate the amount of

habitat available to the fish during the study periods. Combinations of temperature

(range 87 to 97 degrees F) and oxygen (range

frOln 1 to 4 ppm) were used to determine

of habitat available. For any cOlnbination of temperature and oxygen, each 0.5 -

In stratum was examined to determine if that stratuln had water warmer than the given

ten1perature provided in the tables or oxygen levels lower than the given oxygen provided

in the tables. If either of these criteria were met, the stratum was considered unavailable

as habitat for fish. Summing all unavailable strata for a given sampling date in a given

segment and then dividing by the depth

of the segment gave an estimate of the percent of

habitat that was unavailable to the fish. Subtraction from

gave the percent habitat

which was available. For exan1ple,

if the water were

m deep in a particular segment

on a sampling date, and for a given set

of temperature and oxygen criteria only

available as fish habitat; the percent habitat available would have been

The above method was calculated in two dimensions to provide an estimate of

percent available habitat based upon assumptions of rectangular basin shape. Preliminary

investigations suggest that even extreme changes in basin shape have little effect

value calculated for percent available habitat.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table D 1. Mean monthly water surface temperatures at the

of the Newton Lake mixing zone. Mean

temperatures were calculated from hourly temperature data

provided by AmerenCIPS.

Surface temperature

monthly average

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table D1. Continued.

Surface temperature

monthly average

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Surface temperature

monthly average

a/ No data. available.

Table 02. Mean monthly water surface temperatures at the

of the Coffeen Lake mixing

temperatures were calculated

from hourly temperature data

Surface temperature

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table D2. Continued.

Surface temperature

monthly average

Surface telnperature

Inonthly average

a/ No data available.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table D3. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake at 1600 hours on 4 May 2004.

Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no more

than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond

to areas sampled

immediately outside discharge mixung zone

(1) to intake area (4).

Percent habitat available

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3

Table D4. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake at 1200 houl's on 11 May

2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no

more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to areas

sampled immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1) to intake area (4).

Percent habitat available

temperature COF) Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3

Table D5. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake at 1300 hours on 18 May

2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no

more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to areas sampled

immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1) to intake area (4).

Percent habitat available

temperature (OF)

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3

Table D6. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake at 1200 hours on

2004. Habitat was considered available

if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no

more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to areas sampled

immediately outside discharge mixung zone

(1) to intake area (4). Segments 3 and 4 were

unable to be completed due to inclement weather.

Percent habitat available

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 4

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table 07. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake at 1700 hours on I June 2004.

Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no more

than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to areas sampled

immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1) to intake area (4).

Percent habitat available

temperature (OF)

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3

Table D8. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake at 1400 hours on 8 June 2004.

Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no more

than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to areas sampled

immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1) to intake area (4).

Percent habitat available

temperature (OF)

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3

Table D9. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake at 1500 hours on 15 June

2004. Habitat was considered available

if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no

more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to areas sampled

immediately outside discharge mixung zone

(1) to intake area (4).

Percent habitat available

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 4

Table 010. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake at 1200 hours on 22 June

2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no

more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to areas sampled

immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1) to intake area (4).

Percent habitat available

temperature (OF)

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3

Table D 11. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake at 1

hours on 29 June

2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no

more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to areas sampled

immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1) to intake area (4).

Percent habitat available

temperature (OF)

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table D 12. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake at 1800 hours on 6 July 2004.

Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no more

than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to areas sampled

immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1) to intake area (4).

Percent habitat available

temperature COF)

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 4

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table D 13. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake at 1800 hours on 13 July

2004. Habitat was considered available

if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no

more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to areas sampled

immediately outside discharge mixung zone

(l) to intake area (4).

Percent habitat available

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3

Table D14. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake at 1600 hours on 20 July

2004. Habitat was considered available

if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no

more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to areas sampled

immediately outside discharge mixung zone

(1) to intake area (4).

Percent habitat available

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 4

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table 015. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake at 1500 hours on 27 July

2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no

more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to areas sampled

immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1) to intake area (4).

Percent habitat available

temperature COF) Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 4

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table D 16. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake at 1500 hours on 3 August

2004. Habitat was considered available

if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no

more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to areas sampled

immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1) to intake area (4).

Percent habitat avai lable

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 4

Table 017. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake at 1600 hours on 10 August

2004. Habitat was considered available

it contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no

more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to areas sampled

immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1) to intake area (4).

Percent habitat available

temperature (OF)

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table 018. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake at 1600 hours on 17 August

2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no

more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to areas sampled

immediately outside

mixung zone (1) to intake area (4).

Percent habitat available

temperature (OF)

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 4 Mean

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table 019. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake at 1100 hours on 25 August

2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no

more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to areas sampled

immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1) to intake area (4).

Percent habitat available

temperature (OF) Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table D20. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake at 1800 hours on 3 I August

2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no

more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to areas sampled

immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1) to intake area (4).

Percent habitat available

temperature (OF)

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3

Table D21. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake at 1600 hours on 7

2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum

oxygen or no more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to

areas sampled immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1) to intake area (4).

Percent habitat available

temperature (OF)

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table D22. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake at 1500 hours on 14

September 2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum

oxygen or no more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to

areas sampled immediately outside discharge mixung zone (l) to intake area (4).

Percent habitat available

temperature (OF)

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table D23. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake at 1500 hours on 2 I

September 2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum

oxygen or no more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to

areas sampled immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1) to intake area (4).

Percent habitat available

temperature (OF)

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table D24. Estimated percent habitat available in Coffeen Lake at 1200 hours on 5 May

2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen

or no more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to

areas sampled immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1), intake area (2), near the

boat launch (3), and near the railroad levee (4).

Percent habitat available

Segment Segment Segment

temperature (OF)

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table D25. Estimated percent habitat available in Coffeen Lake at 1200 hours on 12 May

2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen

or no more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to

areas sampled immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1), intake area (2), near the

boat launch (3), and near the railroad levee (4).

Percent habitat available

temperature (OF)

Table D26. Estimated percent habitat available in Coffeen Lake at 1300 hours on 19 May

2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum oxyg,en

or no more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to

areas sampled immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1), intake area (2), near the

boat launch (3), and near the railroad levee (4).

Percent habitat available

Segment Segment

temperature (OF)

Table D27. Estimated percent habitat available in Coffeen Lake at 1500 hours on 26 May

2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen

or no more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to

areas sampled immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1), intake area (2), near the

boat launch (3), and near the railroad levee (4).

Percent habitat available

Segment Segment Segment

temperature (OF)

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table D28. Estimated percent habitat available

Coffeen Lake at 1300 hours on 2 June

2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen

or no more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to

areas sampled immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1), intake area (2), near the

boat launch (3), and near the railroad levee (4).

Percent habitat available

Segment Segment

temperature (OF)

Table D29. Estimated percent habitat available in Coffeen Lake at 1600 hours on 9 June

2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen

or no more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to

areas sampled immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1), intake area (2), near the

boat launch (3), and near the railroad levee (4).

Percent habitat available

Segment Segment Segment Segment

temperature (OF)

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table D30. Estimated percent habitat available in Coffeen Lake at 1200 hours on 16

June 2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum

oxygen or no more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers

correspond to areas sampled immediately outside discharge mixung zone

(2), near the boat launch (3), and near the railroad levee (4).

Percent habitat available

Segment Segment

Table 031. Estimated percent habitat available in Coffeen Lake at 1400 hours on 23

June 2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum

oxygen or no more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers

correspond to areas sampled immediately outside discharge mixung zone

(I), intake area

(2), near the boat launch (3), and near the railroad levee (4).

Percent habitat available

Segment Segment Segment Segment

Table 032. Estimated percent habitat available in Coffeen Lake at 1300 hours on 30

June 2004. Habitat was considered available

if it contained no less than the minimum

oxygen or no more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers

correspond to areas sampled immediately outside discharge mixung zone ( 1

(2), near the boat launch (3), and near the railroad levee (4).

Percent habitat available

Segment Segment Segment

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table D33. Estimated percent habitat available in Coffeen Lake at 1500 hours on 7 July

2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen

or no more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers correspond to

areas sampled immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1), intake area (2), near the

boat launch (3), and near the railroad levee (4).

Percent habitat available

Segment Segment Segment Segment

temperature (OF)

Table D34. Estimated percent habitat available in Coffeen Lake at 1500 hours on 14

July 2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum

oxygen or no more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers

correspond to areas sampled immediately outside discharge mixung zone ( 1), intake area

near the boat launch (3), and near the railroad levee (4).

Percent habitat available

Segment Segment Segment

temperature (OF)

Table D35. Estimated percent habitat available in Coffeen Lake at 1600 hours on 21

July 2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum

no more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers

to areas sampled immediately outside discharge mixung zone

(2), near the boat launch (3), and near the railroad levee (4).

Percent habitat available

Segment Segment Segment Segment

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table D36. Estimated percent habitat available in Coffeen Lake at 1600 hours on 28

July 2004. Habitat was considered available

if it contained no less than the minimum

or no more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers

correspond to areas sampled immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1), intake area

(2), near the boat launch (3), and near the railroad levee (4).

Percent habitat available

Segment Segment Segment

Table D37. Estimated percent habitat available in Coffeen Lake at 1500 hours on 4

August 2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum

or no more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers

correspond to areas sampled immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1),

near the boat launch (3), and near the railroad levee (4).

Percent habitat available

Segment Segment

Segment Segment

temperature (OF)

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table 038. Estimated percent habitat available in Coffeen Lake at 1500 hours on 11

August 2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum

oxygen or no more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers

correspond to areas sampled immediately outside discharge mixung zone ( I), intake area

(2), near the boat launch (3), and near the railroad levee (4).

Percent habitat available

Segment Segment

temperature (OF)

Table D3 9. Estimated percent habitat available in Coffeen Lake at 1600 hours on 18

August 2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum

oxygen or no more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers

correspond to areas sampled immediately outside discharge mixung zone (I),

(2), near the boat launch (3), and near the railroad levee (4).

Percent habitat available

Segment Segment

Segment Segment

temperature (OF)

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table 040. Estimated percent habitat available in Coffeen Lake at 1600 hours on 25

August 2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum

oxygen or no more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment numbers

correspond to areas sampled immediately outside discharge mixung zone ( I),

(2), near the boat launch (3), and near the railroad levee (4).

Percent habitat available

Segment Segment Segment

temperature (OF)

Table D41. Estimated percent habitat available in Coffeen Lake at 1600 hours on 1

2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the

minimum oxygen or no more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment

numbers correspond to areas sampled immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1 ),

intake area (2), near the boat launch (3), and near the railroad levee (4).

Percent habitat available

Segment Segment Segment Segment

temperature (OF)

Table D42. Estimated percent habitat available in Coffeen Lake at 1400 hours on 10

September 2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the

minimum oxygen or no more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment

numbers correspond to areas sampled immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1),

intake area (2), near the boat launch (3), and near the railroad levee (4).

Percent habitat available

Segment Segment Segment Segment

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table D43. Estimated percent habitat available in Coffeen Lake at 1200 hours on 15

September 2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the

minimum oxygen or no more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment

numbers correspond

to areas sampled immediately outside discharge mixung zone (

intake area (2), near the boat launch (3), and near the railroad levee (4).

Percent habitat available

Segment Segment Segment Segment

Table D44. Estimated percent habitat available in Coffeen Lake at 1500 hours on 22

September 2004. Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the

minimum oxygen or no more than the maximum temperature indicated. Segment

numbers correspond to areas sampled immediately outside discharge mixung zone (1),

intake area (2), near the boat launch (3), and near the railroad levee (4).

Percent habitat available

Segment Segment Segment Segment

temperature (OF)

Figure Dl. Four segments in Newton Lake where water temperature and dissolved oxygen were

sampled. Data were collected weekly at each transect line from May 2004 through September

2004. Numbers in lake boundaries represent locations

of continuous temperature recorders set

during same periods.

Figure D2. Four segmen.ts in Coffeen Lake where water temperature and dissolved oxygen were

sampled. Data were collected weekly at each segment number from May 2004 through

September 2004. Numbers in lake boundaries represent locations

of continuous temperature

recorders set during same periods.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Newton Lake, May 4, 2004

23.0 L _____________

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Temperature IF)

Newton Lake, May 11,2004

Temperature (F)

Temperature IF)

Temperature (F)

Temperature IF)

Figure D3. Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles in 4 segments of Newton Lake.

Triangles represent temperature (F) and squares represent oxygen (mg / L).

Newton Lake, May 18, 2004

Temperature (F)

--t-------+------I---j

Temperature (F)

(ft.) 16.41' ,.'

>""---+-_+--+_-+--.

Temperature (F)

Newton Lake, May 25, 2004

---~-----:--------j

L-_---'-----------+---~.

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Temperature iF)

Figure D4. Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles in 4 segments of Newton Lake,

Triangles represent temperature (F) and squares represent oxygen (mg / L).

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Newton Lake, June 1, 2004

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Temperalure (F)

Temperalure (F)

Newton Lake, June 8, 2004

__ • ______ . _____ •

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

TemperalUle IF)

Temperalure IF)

Figure D5. Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles in 4 segments of Newton Lake.

Triangles represent temperature (F) and squares represent oxygen

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Temperature (F)

Newton Lake, June 15,2004

Temperature (F)

---~--+-------.

Temperature IF)

Newton Lake, June 22, 2004

Temperature (F)

I----+--. ---=.=+---

L~--------.-.-<-

Temperature (F)

Temperature iFl

Temperature (F)

Figure D6. Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles in 4 segments of Newton Lake.

Triangles represent temperature (F) and squares represent oxygen

rf---+---+---t-

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Newton Lake, June 29,2004

Temperature IF)

Newton Lake, July 4, 2004

Temperature IF)

Temperature IF)

Temperature (F)

Temperature IF)

Figure D7. Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles in 4 segments

Triangles represent temperature (F) and squares represent oxygen (lng / L).

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Newton Lake, July 13,2004

Temperature (F)

.----. -.-.--.,

L--+---t--~--+--~

Temperature (F)

Newton Lake, July 20, 2004

--+---+----~---f___--,

Temperature (F)

~I-----t-~-f---.-.....j

Temperature (F)

Temperature (FI

Temperature I F I

Figure D8. Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles in 4 segments

Triangles represent temperature (F) and squares represent oxygen (mg

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Newton Lake, July 27,2004

__ 1 ______ • ___ _

Temperature (F)

29.53 .;=.' -----"-+-----+-___

Temperature (F)

Newton Lake, August 3, 2004

o 1----'---.-------'

Temperature (F)

L~---,------,-:~,

Temperature (F)

Temperature IF)

Temperature IF)

Figure D9. Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles in 4 segments of Newton Lake.

Triangles represent temperature (F) and squares represent

oxygen (mg / L).

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Newton Lake, August 10, 2004

,--+----------.-.----<

Temperature IF)

-.-'---t----t-----+

Temperature (F)

Newton Lake, August 17,2004

Temperature IF)

Temperature (F)

Temperature IFl

Temperature IF)

Figure DID. Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles in 4 segments

Triangles represent temperature (F)

and squares represent oxygen (mg / L).

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Newton Lake, August 25,2004

Temperature (F)

'l=-----i---+--

Temperature IF)

Newton Lake, August 31, 2004

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Temperature IF)

Figure Dll. Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles in 4 segments of Newton Lake.

Triangles represent temperature (F) and squares represent oxygen (mg / L).

Temperature (F)

Newton Lake, September 7,2004

..-

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Newton Lake, September 14,2004

Temperature (F)

Temperature I F I

Temperature IF)

Figure D12. Temperatu,re and dissolved oxygen profiles in 4 segments

Triangles represent temperature (F)

and squares represent oxygen (mg / L).

>-1 ------j---+---+--+---

Temperature (F)

Newton Lake, September 25,2004

29.53 *;::..' -----"_--+-__+_

Temperalure (F)

TemperalUfe (F)

Figure D13. Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles in 4 segments of Newton Lake.

Triangles represent temperature (F) and squares represent oxygen (mg / L).

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Coffeen Lake, May 5, 2004

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Coffeen Lake, May 12, 2004

rl--------+--__ I-__ ,

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Figure D14. Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles in 4 segments of Coffeen Lake.

Triangles represent temperature (F) and squares represent oxygen (mg /

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Coffeen Lake, May 19,2004

--- 1- ---;-- .-.........

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Coffeen Lake, May 26, 2004

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Temperature (Fj

T emperalure I F I

Figure DIS. Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles in 4 segments of Coffeen Lake.

Triangles represent temperature (F) and squares represent oxygen (mg / L).

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Temperature (F)

32.8 '------'----'-,

Temperature IF)

Coffeen Lake, June 2, 2004

Temperature I F)

Temperature (F)

Coffeen Lake, June 9, 2004

Temperalure IF,

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Temperalure IF I

Figure D 16. Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles in 4 segments of Coffeen Lake.

Triangles represent temperature (F) and squares represent oxygen (mg /

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

32.8."...' ---"'+----+ __ -

Temperature IF)

Temperature IF)

Coffeen Lake, June 16, 2004

Temperature (F)

Coffeen Lake, June 23, 2004

Temperature (F)

Temperature IF)

Temperature IF)

Temperature (F)

Figure D17. Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles in 4 segments of Coffeen Lake.

Triangles represent temperature (F) and squares represent oxygen (mg / L).

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Temperature (FI

Temperature (F I

Coffeen Lake, June 30, 2004

Temperature (FI

Temperature (FI

Coffeen Lake, July 7, 2004

Temperature (F)

Temperature (FI

Temperature IF,

Temperature IF)

Figure DI8. Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles in 4 segments of Coffeen Lake.

Triangles represent temperature (F) and squares represent oxygen (mg

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

.;:........<::......,..._-+-_+--~_....,

Temperature (F)

Coffeen Lake, July 14, 2004

Coffeen Lake, July 21, 2004

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

T emperalure

Tempe: ature I F I

Figure DI9. Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles in 4 segments

Triangles represent temperature (F)

and squares represent oxygen (mg / L).

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Temperature (F)

Coffeen Lake, July 28,2004

Temperature IF)

.l"-"'---+---+---~-t----.

Temperature (F)

Coffeen Lake, August 4, 2004

o 1--<---- -------

1-----+--+-----1-

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Figure D20. Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles in 4 segments of Coffeen Lake.

Triangles represent teml?erature (F) and squares represent oxygen (mg / L).

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Coffeen Lake, August 11, 2004

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Coffeen Lake, August 18, 2004

r----·~--~1;·--1

Temperature iFl

!--------t---------I---

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Figure D21. Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles in 4 segments of Coffeen Lake.

Triangles represent temperature (F) and squares represent oxygen (mg / L).

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Coffeen Lake, August 25, 2004

23 ••••

Temperature (F)

26.25 I.=-' ---+---'t--

Temperature (F)

Coffeen Lake, September 1, 2004

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

22 97 •••••

Temperalure IF)

T emperalure (F)

Figure D22. Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles in 4 segments of Coffeen Lake.

Triangles represent temperature

and squares represent oxygen (mg / L).

Coffeen Lake, September 10, 2004

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Temperature (F)

Temperature IF)

Coffeen Lake, September 15, 2004

Tempelatule IF)

Tempelalule IF I

Temperatule IFJ

and dissolved oxygen profiles in 4 segments of Coffeen Lake.

Triangles represent temperature (F) and squares represent oxygen (mg / L).

____ + _________ _

Temperalure (F)

Coffeen Lake, September 22, 2004

Temperature (F)

Temperalure IF)

Figure D24. Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles in 4 segments of Coffeen Lake.

Triangles represent temperature (F) and squares represent oxygen (mg / L),

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

-_._._._----_._-

Figure D25.Mean, InininlUlTI, and nlaximum daily surface temperatures during 2004 at the Newton Lake nlixing zone.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

""'" /.....,/

oft --\_. ---- ----

----.-L-.-,-,

.. / • "\' _' ___ 'LJ' --_ ._._-

Figure D26. Mean daily ten1peratures during 2004, Newton Lake Segn1ent 1. Lake botton1 is approximately 16.4 feet.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

-1.5m - - -3.0m -

Figure 027. Mean daily ten1peratures during 2004, Newton Lake Segn1ent 2. Lake bottOln is approxilnately 32.8 feet.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

-1.5 m - - - 3.0 m -

Figure 028. Mean daily ten1peratures during 2004, Newton Lake Segment 3. Lake botton1 is approximately 32.8 feet.

-1.5 m - - - 3.0 m -

Figure 029. Mean daily tenlperatures during 2004 in Newton Lake Segment 4. Lake bottonl is approxinlately 29.5 feet.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

-1.5m - - -3.0m -

Figure D30. Mean daily telnperatures in Segment 1 during 2004, Coffeen Lake n1ixing zone. Lake bottom is approxilllately

-1.5 m - - - 3.0 m -

,: . : . . . \ .•

Figure 031. Mean daily temperatures during 2004, Coffeen Lake at the dam. Lake bottOlTI is approximately 42.6 feet.

- l.5 m - - - 3.0 m -

032. Mean daily temperatures during 2004, Coffeen Lake at the intake. Lake bottom is approximately 26.2 feet.

Figure 033. Mean daily temperatures during 2004, Coffeen Lake located in the slough west of the intake near the boat launch.

Lake bottom is approximately 24.7 feet.

-1.5 m - - - 3.0 m -

Figure D34. Mean daily temperatures during 2004, Coffeen Lake located midway between the intake and railroad bridge.

is approximately 24.7 feet.

Appendix E: Extreme Habitat Conditions in Newton Lake and Coffeen Lake During 1999

Habitat conditions are given for periods in 1999 when sLimmer fish kills occLired in Newton and

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table E 1. Estimated percent lrabitat available in Newton Lake, July 24, 1999 (Segment I

1 0:33AM, Segment 3

12: 12 PM, Segment 4

I :36 PM). Habitat was

considered available

if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no more than the

maximum temperature indicated.

Habitat Available

Temperature (OF)

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table E2. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake, July 29, 1999 (all segments

PM and 5:00 PM). Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no

more than the maximum temperature indicated.

Habitat Available

Temperature (OF)

Segment 3-4 border

Table E3. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake, July 30, 1999 (Segment 4a

6:30 PM). Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen

no more than the maximum temperature indicated.

Habitat Available

Table E4. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake, August 5, 1999 (Segment 1

= 3:50 PM, Segment 2 = 4:05 PM, Segment 3 = 4:20 PM, Segment 4 = 4:40 PM). Habitat

was considered available if

it contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no more than

the maximum temperature indicated.

Habitat Available

Temperature (OF)

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table E5. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake, August 18, 1999 (Segment 1 =

3:40 PM, Segment 2 = 3:50 PM, Segment 3 = 4:05 PM, Segment 4 = 4:25 PM). Habitat was

considered available if

it contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no more than the

maximum temperature indicated.

Habitat Available

Temperature (OF)

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table E6. Estimated percent habitat available in Newton Lake, August 31, 1999 (Segment 1 =

5: 1 0 PM, Segment 2

4:51 PM, Segment 3 = 4:33 PM, Segment 4 = 4:08 PM). Habitat was

considered available

if it contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no more than the

maximum temEerature indicated.

Habitat Avai lable

Temperature (OF)

Table E7. Estimated percent habitat available outside of Coffeen Lake cooling loop, July 21,

1999 (time unknown). Data was obtained

by AmerenCips. Habitat was considered available if it

contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no more than the maximum temperature indicated.

Habitat Available

Temperature (OF)

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table E8. Estimated percent habitat available in Coffeen Lake, July 23, 1999 (Segment 1 = 3: 10

PM, Segment 2 = 2:50 PM). Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than the

minimum oxygen or

no more than the maximum temperature indicated.

Habitat Available

Table E9. Estimated percent habitat available in Coffeen Lake, July 31, 1999, at the discharge

(upstream from segment 1 midpoint) and dam (border

of segments 1 and 2) temperature monitor

buoys (Discharge

= 4:00 AM, Dam = ca. 4:00 AM). Habitat was considered available if it

contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no more than the maximum temperature indicated.

Habitat Available

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Table E 1 O. Estimated percent habitat available in Coffeen Lake. August I, 1999, at the discharge

from segment 1 midpoint) and dam (border of segments I and 2) temperature monitor

buoys (Discharge

= 1:45 AM, Dam = ca. 2:00 AM). Habitat was considered available if it

contained no less than the minimum oxygen or no more than the maximum temperature indicated.

Habitat Available

Table Ell. Estimated percent habitat available in Coffeen Lake, August 6, 1999 (Segment 1 =

II :50 AM, Segment 2 = 12: 10 PM). Habitat was considered available if it contained no less than

the minimum oxygen or

no more than the maximum

Habitat Available

Coffeen Lake - Discharge

1.1

\J-!

'\,':\., ..... ,

Feb Mar Apr May Jun

- - - -- 14.8 ft.

Figure E 1. Mean daily temperature during 1999 at the Coffeen Lake discharge mixing zone. Lake bottom is approximately 42.6 feet.

Coffeen Lake - Dam

Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb

Figure E2. Mean daily telnperature during

at the Coffeen Lake dan1. Lake bottOln is approximately 42.6 feet.

Coffeen Lake - Intake

Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb

Figure E3. Mean daily temperature during 1999 at the Coffeen Lake intake. Lake bottom is approximately 42.6 feet.

Appendix F: Ash Ponds

Introduction:

The ash ponds of Newton Lake are not in direct contact with the lake, but are connected

of drainage pipes. Because of the drop associated with the drainage pipes, fish

movement from the lake into the ash ponds is not possible. The potential

of the ash ponds to

serve as fish nursery ponds provided the impetus to determine fish species currently present in

the ash ponds. Additionally, ash ponds were sounded and mapped

to identify bottom contour.

Two ash ponds of the Newton power plant were surveyed: one 200 hundred acre

reservoir and one 3 acre reservoir. A three-phase, AC, boat mounted electrofishing unit was use

for sampling on both ponds. Electrofishing was conducted to observe species diversity and to

acquire a vague view

of abundance. The entire perimeter of each pond was surveyed. Total effort

included 80 minutes

of electrofishing on the larger pond and 15 minutes on the smaller pond.

One person dipped fish while the other maneuvered the boat. Fish were identified to species and

Depth profiles were taken by boat at transects that covered each pond using a Garmin

168S. Data was analyzed and mapped using ArcView

(Cyprinus carpio),

orange-spotted sunfish

(Lepomis humilis),

(lVoiemigonus

crysoleucas), and an unidentified shiner

(Notropis sp.)

were also present in

both ponds. All common carp collected were removed from the system. Many

these systems contained exaggerated scale sizes (which have been described in the literature)

in this case, are likely due to inbreeding that caused recessive genes to be express the

uncommon phenotype. These carp are commonly referred to as mirror carp. All

of the carp total

lengths ranged from

Table Fl. Species diversity and Total catch by species in ash ponds.

Orange Spotted Sunfish

Orange Spotted Sunfish

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

\'-.------. .... \ \. l; \

.,-----., \.---

Map F3. Depth Contour of 3 acre pond with labeled contours.

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Map Fl. Depth Contour of3-acre ash pond with filled contours.

Legend (meters)

_0.000009310 - 0.474025365

0.474025365 - 0.948041421

0.948041421 - 1 .422057477

1.422057478 - 1.896073533

1.896073534 - 2.370089589

2.37008959 - 2.844105645

II1II1 2.844105646 - 3.318121701

CJ 3.318121702 - 3.792137757

CJ 3.792137758 - 4.266153812

Electronic Filing - Received, Clerk's Office, May 12, 2009

Map F2. Depth Contour of 3 acre pond with filled contours and labels.

Legend (meters)

0.000009310 - 0.474025365

0.474025365 - 0.948041421

c::J 0.948041421 - 1 .422057477

c::J 1.422057478 - 1.896073533

c::J 1.896073534 - 2.370089589

E:J 2.37008959 - 2.844105645

2.844105646 - 3.318121701

3.318121702 - 3.792137757

3.792137758 - 4.266153812

Map F4. Depth Contour map of200 acre pond with filled contours.

Legend (meters)

0 - 1 .41 90601 77

1.419060178 - 2.838120355

2.838120356 - 4.257180532

4.257180533 - 5.676240709

c:=J 5.67624071 - 7.095300886

CJ 7.095300887 - 8.514361064

__ 8.514361065 - 9.933421241

c:=J 9.933421242 - 11.35248142

11.35248143 - 12.7715416

Map F5. Depth contour of 200 acre pond with filled contours and labels

Legend (meters)

1.419060178 - 2.838120355

c=J 2.838120356 - 4.257180532

4.257180533 - 5.676240709

5.67624071 - 7.095300886

C3 7.095300887 - 8.514361064

II1II8.514361065 - 9.933421241

c=J 9.933421242 - 11.35248142

11.35248143 - 12.7715416

Map F6. Depth contour of 200 acre pond with labeled contours.