Reference No

COVER
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF APPENDICES
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.0 INTRODUCTION
2.0 STATION DESCRIPTION
3.0 AREAS FOR FURTHER EVALUATION
4.0 FIELD METHODS
5.0 RESULTS SUMMARY
6.0 RADIONUCLIDES OF CONCERN AND SOURCE AREAS
7.0 EXPOSURE PATHWAY ASSESSMENT
8.0 CONCLUSIONS
9.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
1. 9.1 DATA GAPS
2. 9.2 GROUNDWATER MONITORING
10.0 REFERENCES
FIGURES
TABLES
APPENDICES

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Certain figures in this Report contain sensitive, security-

related information protected from public disclosure by

Federal and State law. This Report is suitable for

public disclosure only after these figures are removed.

HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION REPORT

FLEETWIDE ASSESSMENT

QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

Prepared For:

Exelon Generation Company, LLC

DISCLAIMER:

SOME FORMATTING CHANGES MAY HAVE OCCURRED WHEN

THE ORIGINAL DOCUMENT WAS PRINTED TO PDF; HOWEVER,

THE ORIGINAL CONTENT REMAINS UNCHANGED.

SEPTEMBER 2006

EF. NO. 045136 (20)

Prepared by:

Conestoga-Rovers

& Associates

651 Colby Drive

Waterloo, Ontario

Office: (519) 884-0510

web: http:\\www.CRAworld.com

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................................... i

INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................1

STATION DESCRIPTION .....................................................................................................2

STATION LOCATION .......................................................................................2

OVERVIEW OF COOLING WATER OPERATIONS.....................................2

SURROUNDING LAND USE ...........................................................................3

STATION SETTING............................................................................................4

TOPOGRAPHY AND SURFACE WATER FEATURES.................................4

GEOLOGY............................................................................................................5

HYDROGEOLOGY .............................................................................................6

AREA GROUNDWATER USE..........................................................................7

AREAS FOR FURTHER

EVALUATION.............................................................................9

SYSTEMS EVALUATIONS................................................................................9

HISTORICAL RELEASES ................................................................................12

STATION INVESTIGATIONS.........................................................................12

PRE-OPERATIONAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL

MONITORING PROGRAM.............................................................................12

RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ......13

HISTORIC INVESTIGATIONS .......................................................................13

POWER PLANT DOCUMENTS - UFSAR REPORT ....................................14

IDENTIFIED AREAS OF FURTHER EVALUATION..................................14

FIELD METHODS.................................................................................................................17

SURFACE WATER GAUGING POINT INSTALLATION

AND MONITORING........................................................................................17

GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION.....................17

GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL DEVELOPMENT ....................19

SURVEY ..............................................................................................................19

GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE WATER ELEVATION

............................................................................................19

GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE WATER

SAMPLE COLLECTION

..................................................................................20

DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES.......................................................................22

SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION...........................................................................23

CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY RECORD...................................................................24

QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLES ...................................................................24

ANALYSES.........................................................................................................24

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

RESULTS SUMMARY..........................................................................................................25

STATION GEOLOGY .......................................................................................25

STATION HYDROGEOLOGY ........................................................................27

MAN-MADE INFLUENCES ON GROUNDWATER FLOW .....................27

GROUNDWATER FLOW DIRECTIONS ......................................................29

VERTICAL HYDRAULIC GRADIENTS........................................................30

LATERAL GROUNDWATER FLOW AND VELOCITY.............................30

GROUNDWATER QUALITY..........................................................................31

SUMMARY OF BETA-EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES

ANALYTICAL RESULTS.................................................................................32

SUMMARY OF GAMMA-EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES

RESULTS.................................................................................32

SUMMARY OF FIELD MEASUREMENTS ...................................................33

SURFACE WATER QUALITY.........................................................................33

SUMMARY OF BETA-EMITTING RADIONUCLIDE

RESULTS.................................................................................33

SUMMARY OF GAMMA-EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES

RESULTS.................................................................................34

RADIONUCLIDES OF CONCERN AND SOURCE AREAS .........................................35

GAMMA-EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES.....................................................35

BETA-EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES ...........................................................35

TRITIUM.............................................................................................................35

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS....................................................................35

DISTRIBUTION IN GROUNDWATER / SURFACE WATER ...................36

CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF TRITIUM RELEASE AND

MIGRATION......................................................................................................39

EXPOSURE PATHWAY ASSESSMENT............................................................................43

HEALTH EFFECTS OF TRITIUM...................................................................43

BACKGROUND CONCENTRATIONS

OF TRITIUM ................................44

GROUNDWATER.............................................................................................44

PRECIPITATION DATA..................................................................................44

SURFACE WATER DATA ...............................................................................45

DRINKING WATER DATA ............................................................................46

EXPECTED TRITIUM BACKGROUND FOR THE STATION ...................47

IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL EXPOSURE

PATHWAYS AND POTENTIAL RECEPTORS

............................................47

POTENTIAL GROUNDWATER MIGRATION TO DRINKING

USERS ON AND OFF THE STATION PROPERTY .....................48

GROUNDWATER MIGRATION TO SURFACE WATER

THE STATION PROPERTY .......................................................48

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL TRITIUM

EXPOSURE PATHWAYS ..........49

OTHER RADIONUCLIDES.............................................................................49

CONCLUSIONS....................................................................................................................50

RECOMMENDATIONS.......................................................................................................54

DATA GAPS ......................................................................................................54

GROUNDWATER MONITORING ................................................................54

REFERENCES........................................................................................................................55

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

LIST OF FIGURES

(Following Text)

STATION LOCATION MAP

STATION BOUNDARIES AND FEATURES

STATION BASE MAP

REGIONAL STRATIGRAPHIC COLUMN

BEDROCK GEOLOGIC MAP WITH CROSS-SECTION LOCATION

CROSS-SECTION OF FORMATIONS, BEDROCK SURFACE, AND LAND

SURFACES FROM ABINGDON, KNOX COUNTY, TO NORTHERN ROCK

BEDROCK TOPOGRAPHY OF THE MEREDOSIA CHANNEL AREA

WATER WELL LOCATIONS

AREAS FOR FURTHER EVALUATION

HISTORICAL RELEASE LOCATIONS FOR AFE-QUAD CITIES-2

GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE WATER MONITORING LOCATIONS

GEOLOGIC CROSS-SECTION LOCATIONS

GEOLOGIC CROSS-SECTION A-A'

GEOLOGIC CROSS-SECTION B-B'

GEOLOGIC CROSS-SECTION C-C'

GEOLOGIC CROSS-SECTION D-D'

POTENTIOMETRIC SURFACE CONTOURS – MAY 2006

POTENTIOMETRIC SURFACE CONTOURS – JULY 2006

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

LIST OF FIGURES

(Following Text)

TRITIUM CONCENTRATIONS - GROUNDWATER AND

RADIONUCLIDE CONCENTRATIONS - GROUNDWATER AND

TRITIUM PLUME CROSS-SECTION

TRITIUM PLUME MAP PLAN VIEW

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

(Following Text)

SUMMARY OF MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION DETAILS

SUMMARY OF MONITORING WELL DEVELOPMENT PARAMETERS

SUMMARY OF GROUNDWATER ELEVATIONS

SUMMARY OF SURFACE WATER ELEVATIONS

SUMMARY OF MONITORING WELL PURGING PARAMETERS

SUMMARY OF EXISTING SUPPLY WELL PURGING PARAMETERS

SUMMARY OF CALCULATED VERTICAL GRADIENTS

ANALYTICAL RESULTS SUMMARY – TRITIUM IN

GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE WATER

ANALYTICAL RESULTS SUMMARY – RADIONUCLIDES IN

GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE WATER

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

LIST OF APPENDICES

WATER SUPPLY WELL INFORMATION

MONITORING WELL LOGS

QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM – TELEDYNE BROWN

ENGINEERING, INC.

LABORATORY ANALYTICAL REPORTS

DATA VALIDATION MEMORANDUM

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This Hydrogeologic Investigation Report (HIR) documents the results of

Conestoga-Rovers & Associates'

(CRA's) May to July 2006 hydrogeologic investigation

pertaining to the Quad Cities Generating Station in Cordova, Illinois (Station). CRA

prepared this HIR for Exelon Generation Company, LLC (Exelon) as part of its

Fleetwide Program to determine whether groundwater at and in the vicinity of its

nuclear power generating facilities has been adversely impacted by any releases of

CRA collected and analyzed information on any historical releases, the structures,

and areas of the Station that have the potential to release tritium or other

radioactively contaminated liquids to the environment and past hydrogeologic

investigations at the Station.

CRA used this information, combined with its

understanding of groundwater flow at the Station, to identify Areas for Further

Evaluation (AFEs) and sample locations for the Station.

CRA installed 22 monitoring wells and collected 32 groundwater samples (22 from

newly installed monitoring wells, two from

existing monitoring wells near the AFEs,

and eight from water supply wells) and two surface water samples at the Station. All

groundwater and surface water samples were analyzed for tritium, strontium-89/90,

and gamma-emitting radionuclides.

The results of the hydrogeologic investigation are:

Gamma-emitting radionuclides associated

with licensed plant operations were not

detected at concentrations greater than their respective Lower Limits of Detection

(LLDs) in any of the groundwater or surface water samples obtained and analyzed

during the course of this investigation;

Strontium-89/90 was not detected at a concentration greater than the LLD

2.0 picoCuries per liter (pCi/L) in any of the groundwater or surface water samples

obtained and analyzed during the course of this investigation;

was detected at concentrations greater than LLD of 200 pCi/L in

groundwater samples from nine wells in the vicinity of and south/southwest of the

Service and Reactor Buildings, from two wells north/northwest of the Turbine

Building, and in surface water samples collected from the Spray Canal. The

concentrations of tritium in groundwater greater than the LLD of 200 pCi/L ranged

from 250 ± 126 to 9,640 ± 660 pCi/L with the exception of MW-QC-102I at

32,600 ± 977, which is greater than the United States Environmental Protection

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

Agency (USEPA) drinking water standard of 20,000 pCi/L. These tritium detections

are likely related to the historical releases;

Tritium was detected in the Station's

Spray Canal at 497 ± 140 pCi/L and

± 14 pCi/L, which is well below USEPA's drinking water standard of

20,000 pCi/L. The tritium in the Spray Canal is likely associated with the canal's

water supply, the Big Fish Well (740 pCi/L

Based on the results of this investigation, tritium has not

migrated off site at

detectable concentrations;

Based on the results of this investigation, there is no current risk of exposure

radionuclides associated with licensed plant operations through any of the potential

exposure pathways; and

Based on the results of this investigation, there

are no known active releases into the

groundwater at the Station.

Based upon the information collected to date, CRA recommends that Exelon conduct

periodic monitoring of selected sample locations.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

INTRODUCTION

Conestoga-Rovers & Associates (CRA) prepared this Hydrogeologic Investigation

Report (HIR) for Exelon Generation Company, LLC (Exelon) as part of its Fleetwide

Program to determine whether groundwater at and near its nuclear power generating

facilities has been adversely impacted by any releases of radionuclides. This report

documents the results of CRA's May 2006 Hydrogeologic Investigation Work Plan

(Work Plan), as well as several other investigative tasks recommended by CRA during

the course of the investigation. The investigations pertain to Exelon's Quad Cities

Generating Station in Cordova, Illinois (Station) (see Figure 1.1) between May and

July 2006. The Station is defined as all property, structures, systems, and components

owned and operated by Exelon located at 22710 206th Avenue North, Cordova, Illinois.

The approximate property boundaries are depicted on Figure 1.2.

Pursuant to the Work Plan, CRA assessed groundwater quality at the Station in

locations designated as Areas for

Further Evaluation (AFEs). The process by which CRA

identified AFEs is discussed in Section 3.0 of this report.

The objectives of the Work Plan were to:

characterize the geologic and hydrogeologic conditions at the Station, including

subsurface soil types, the presence or absence

of confining layers, and the direction

and rate of groundwater flow;

characterize the groundwater/surface water interaction at the Station, including a

determination of the surface water flow regime;

evaluate groundwater quality

at the Station including the vertical and horizontal

extent, quantity, concentrations and potential sources of tritium and other

radionuclides in the groundwater, if any;

define the probable sources of any radionuclides released at the Station;

evaluate potential human, ecological, or environmental receptors of any

radionuclides that might have been released to the groundwater; and

evaluate whether interim response activities are warranted.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

STATION DESCRIPTION

This section presents a summary of the Station location and definition, an overview of

Station operations, surrounding land use, and an overview of both regional and

Station-specific topography, surface water features, geology, hydrogeology, and

groundwater flow conditions. This section also presents an overview of groundwater

use in the area.

STATION LOCATION

The Station is located at 22710 206th Avenue North, Cordova, Illinois (see Figure 1.1).

The Station property consists of approximately

784 acres. The Station is owned by

Exelon Nuclear (75 percent) and MidAmerican Energy (25 percent). Figure 2.1 presents

a Station base map with the Station infrastructure shown.

OVERVIEW OF COOLING WATER OPERATIONS

The Station consists of two nuclear reactors, associated structures and ancillary

a 310-foot main stack, intake and discharge canals, and a former Spray Canal.

The Spray Canal is approximately 3 miles long and was used for condenser cooling

water until 1983, at which time it was changed to a facility to raise game fish for release

into the Mississippi River.

The Station's generating system consists of a two-unit nuclear-powered steam electric

plant. Each unit is a boiling water reactor

(BWR) that produces a net electrical power

output of 930 megawatts. Unit 1 began commercial operation on February 18, 1973, and

Unit 2 began commercial operation on March 10, 1973. The Station currently operates

under the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Operating Licenses DPR-29 and

DPR-30 and is permitted to discharge liquid waste to the Mississippi River under its

National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit IL0005037.

A BWR plant consists of two separate fluid loops. A separate loop design avoids mixing

the fluids of one loop with the fluids of the other. The loops are called

the primary loop

and the cooling loop.

The main purpose of the primary loop is to transfer the energy generated from fission in

the fuel to the turbine generator. It is a closed

loop system. Nuclear fission creates heat

in the fuel. This heat produces steam, which is passed through a steam dryer and

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

moisture separator. The steam turns the turbine generator, which makes electricity. The

unused steam is exhausted to the condenser where it is condensed into water. The

resulting water is pumped out of the condenser with a series of pumps, reheated, and

pumped back to the reactor vessel.

The main purpose of the cooling loop is to use cooler river water to condense the steam

the condenser and transfer the heat to the environment. This loop is a single pass

process. The cooling water is pumped to the discharge bay and then discharged back to

the Mississippi River.

The total flow of river water through Units 1 and

2 for condenser circulating water and

service water is approximately 970,000 gallons per minute (gpm). Water is withdrawn

from the river at the intake bay through a canal that is perpendicular to the river flow.

The Station uses a two-pipe diffuser system to discharge cooling water to the Mississippi

River from the discharge bay. The pipes are 16 feet in diameter and lie on the bottom of

the river across the main river flow. Water is discharged into the deepest part of the

river through regularly spaced jet nozzles in the pipes.

Radioactive liquid wastes (radwastes) are collected in sumps and drain tanks at various

locations at the Station and then transferred to tanks in the

Radwaste Building for

processing, storage, and release. Liquid wastes that can be reused are returned to the

Contaminated Condensate Storage Tanks (CCSTs). Liquid wastes that cannot be reused

are returned to the Radwaste System for reprocessing or discharging to the river

(NRC, 2004). Liquid wastes are discharged via the River Discharge Tank (RDT). Water

from the RDT is pumped out to the diffuser house that empties into the south diffuser

below the water surface. The liquid waste mixes with the effluent from the discharge

bay prior to dispersion out the diffuser pipe.

SURROUNDING LAND USE

The area surrounding the Station to the north, east, and south is rural farmland and

woods. There is an industrial park 1 mile further to the north, and the Cordova Energy

Center, a gas-fired power plant, is located 1 mile to the southeast.

The Station is located on the east bank of the

Mississippi River opposite the mouth of the

Wapsipinicon River. The Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge is

across the river from the Station and also on islands in the river about 2 miles

downstream from the Station.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

STATION SETTING

The following section presents a general summary of the topography, surface water

features, geology, hydrogeology, and groundwater

flow conditions near the Station.

The information was primarily gathered from Chapter 2.5 of the Quad Cities Station

Updated Final Safety Analysis Report (UFSAR, Revision 8, October 2005). The main

references the UFSAR relies upon are listed in Section 10.0. CRA checked and verified

all UFSAR references that apply to this HIR.

TOPOGRAPHY AND SURFACE WATER FEATURES

The Station is located in Rock Island County, which is within the Galesburg Plain

physiographic subsection of the Till Plains Section of the Central Lowland Province. A

flat to gently rolling topography in the Central Lowland Province characterizes almost

all of Illinois. The Galesburg Plain is level to undulating and is largely an Illinoian stage

glacial drift but only locally is there prominent glacial topography. Much of the surface

topography mimics the underlying bedrock surface.

The Station's natural grade level is at an elevation of 594.5

feet above mean sea level

(AMSL). The Station is on moderately high ground on the east bank of the Mississippi

River. The ground surface rises from the river to form steep bluffs approximately

20 to 40 feet in height. The bluffs are breached in places by gullies extending short

distances inland.

The Station is on the east side of the Mississippi River opposite the mouth of the

Wapsipinicon River. The Upper Mississippi

River near the Station is composed of a

series of slack-water pools during low flow. The pools are formed by navigation dams

located on the river both above and below the Station. The Station is located near

Pool #14; the normal elevation of this pool is 572 feet AMSL (Blume, 1966).

Station surface water bodies include the former Spray Canal, discharge bay, intake bay,

dredge ponds. Silt pumped from the intake bay and from the Mississippi River in

front of the intake bay is deposited in the dredge ponds. The dredge ponds contain river

sediment so tritium impact from the Station is not anticipated.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

The region is on the extreme northwest flank of the Illinois Basin. The upper bedrock

consists of Paleozoic sedimentary strata that dip gently, at approximately 15 to 20 feet

per mile, to the southeast toward the center of the Illinois Basin. The region is on the

south limb of the Savanna-Sabula Anticline (also known as the Plum River Fault Zone),

which trends east-west through Carroll County, several miles north of the Station. The

Paleozoic sedimentary rocks are of Silurian and older age and are on the order of

3,000 feet thick. They are underlain by Precambrian crystalline rocks (granite and

granodiorite) (Blume, 1966).

Beneath the Station are unconsolidated sediments comprised of clay, silt, sand, and

gravel deposited as glacial till, outwash, and river alluvium deposits.

unconsolidated sediments are underlain by bedrock of Silurian (Niagaran/Alexandrian

Dolomite), Ordovician (Maquoketa Shale, Galena - Platteville Dolomite, and Glenwood -

St. Peter Sandstone), and Cambrian age (dolomites, sandstones, and shales)

The Niagaran Dolomite is fossiliferous and sandy. In an abandoned

Niagaran Dolomite

quarry, which is located approximately 1 mile south of Cordova, there is a high degree

of fracturing in the dolomite, and the dolomite was weather-stained along fractures but

was a hard competent crystalline rock. Exploration test borings indicate that the upper

bedrock surface is weathered to varying depths. Deep borings indicate that the Silurian

Dolomite (Niagaran and Alexandrian Formations) is approximately 250 to 300 feet thick

Figure 2.2 presents the stratigraphic column for

the Rock Island area and the area to the

south and southeast. Although the stratigraphic column shows the Pennsylvanian,

Mississippian, and Devonian systems, these systems are not present in northern Rock

Island County, where the first bedrock encountered beneath the overburden is Silurian

Dolomite. Figure 2.3 presents a bedrock geologic map with a cross-section location. The

Station is adjacent to the northern portion of the cross-section and is underlain by

Silurian Dolomite. The cross-section in Figure 2.4 shows the sequence and structure of

the bedrock in the Station area (J.E. Bruckmann and R.E. Bergstrom, 1968).

The dolomite bedrock surface in northern Rock Island County has been eroded by the

ancient Mississippi drainage system. The Meredosia Channel, the upper portion of

Princeton Bedrock Valley system, is drift-filled lowland connecting the present

Mississippi River Valley and the Green River Lowland to the east. The mean elevation

of the bedrock surface in the channel is approximately 450 feet AMSL. However, a

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

glacially scoured groove more than 100 feet deep, nearly 4 miles long, and 3,000 feet

wide is present along a portion of the south wall of the channel. It is thought that the

Meredosia Channel was entered at least once by glaciers during each of the four major

glaciations, with the glaciers entering first from the west and later from the east (L.D.

McGinnis and P.C. Heigold).

The channel has been filled with unconsolidated

The Station is on a rock hill that was left as an erosional remnant between channels

1966), as is shown on Figure 2.5. The depth to bedrock beneath the Station is

approximately 50 feet. South of the Station, the thickness of the sand and gravel

increases greatly, to as much as 300 feet, due to the presence of the buried Meredosia

Channel that cuts into the dolomite bedrock (Blume, 1966). Figure 2.6 shows the

approximate northern extent of the Meredosia Channel.

HYDROGEOLOGY

Groundwater can be obtained from three aquifer systems:

unconsolidated alluvial and outwash sand and

gravel deposits, 40 to 60 feet thick in

the vicinity of the Station;

shallow Silurian dolomitic formations, approximately

200 to 250 feet thick; and

artesian sandstone aquifers

of Cambrian-Ordovician age.

The potential yield from the upper unconsolidated aquifer

is unknown because of lack

of local pumping data. But in other parts of the Mississippi Valley, this aquifer is

generally capable of yielding large quantities of water on a long-term basis. The

groundwater elevation in the unconsolidated aquifer ranged between 17 and 21 feet

below ground surface (bgs) on the Station. The groundwater flow direction in this unit

was anticipated in a westerly direction toward the Mississippi River. However, as noted

in Section 2.4.2, the Station sits on bedrock high with buried bedrock valleys of the

Meredosia Channel to the north and south (see Figure 2.5). These buried channels

contain thick (greater than 200 feet) deposits of sand and gravel. The buried channels

will likely affect the groundwater flow in the upper consolidated aquifer beneath the

Station. It is also likely that the groundwater table will undergo seasonal fluctuations

and that a temporary reversal of groundwater flow direction may occur from the

Mississippi River (Blume, 1966). Based on published records, it is known that the Army

Corps of Engineers maintains the water level in the Mississippi River adjacent to the

Station at an elevation of 572 feet AMSL.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

In addition to these natural effects, the groundwater flow direction may be affected

locally by structure basements and foundations, and by sheet piles beneath the Station to

a depth of 36 feet bgs at the river along the discharge bay and the inlet to the Spray

Canal (sheet pile locations are illustrated on Figure 2.6)

The Silurian Dolomite formations yield moderate to high quantities of water,

particularly in areas where unconsolidated sand and gravel sediments are present.

Dolomite aquifers immediately below the alluvium and outwash deposits are slowly

recharged from water in these deposits. Wells in the Cambrian-Ordovician sandstone

artesian aquifers produce large quantities of water. Groundwater in the deep artesian

aquifers is independent of the shallow near surface aquifers (Blume, 1966).

AREA GROUNDWATER USE

CRA performed a comprehensive private well survey in the vicinity of the

obtained water well information from the Illinois State Geological Survey and the

Illinois State Water Survey. Eighty-seven private wells were identified as potentially

within 1 mile of the Station. CRA notes that the Illinois State Geological Survey and the

Illinois State Water Survey data sources are not updated with abandoned or closed well

information and distances from a referenced point may not be accurately reported. The

private wells range in depth between 20 and 250 feet bgs with the oldest private well

dating back to 1909 and the most recent private well being installed on November 3,

2005. Fifteen public, industrial, and commercial wells were identified as potentially

within 1 mile of the Station. The public, industrial, and commercial wells range in depth

from 58 to 1,800 feet bgs with the oldest well dating back to 1966 and the most recent

well being installed in 2004. Thirteen of the public, industrial, and commercial wells are

listed as being located at the Station. The remaining two public, industrial, and

commercial wells list the owner as "Saddle Club Farms", a horse farm/dinner club no

longer in operation that was located over 1 mile from the Station. Copies of the well

logs obtained are provided in Appendix A.

The Station receives potable water from three wells:

Well #1 (drilled 1966, 242 feet deep, cased to 52 feet bgs);

Well #5 (drilled 1969, 264 feet deep, cased to 59 feet bgs); and

Fish House Well #10 (drilled 2004, 135 feet deep).

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

None of these wells are of a suitable depth or construction to use for determining

groundwater contours. The well locations are shown on Figure 2.6 (see Appendix A for

well information).

The following water supply wells are also located at the Station:

Fire Training Well (drilled 1987, 225 feet deep);

Big Fish Well (drilled 1984, 175 feet deep);

Little Fish Well (drilled 1986, 60 feet deep);

Dry Cask Storage Well (also know as East Well, drilled approximately

Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) Sand Point Well (drilled 1985, 30 feet deep).

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

AREAS FOR FURTHER EVALUATION

CRA considered all Station operations in assessing groundwater quality

at the Station.

During this process, CRA identified areas at the Station that warranted further

evaluation or "AFEs". This section discusses the process by which AFEs were selected at

CRA's identification of AFEs involved the following components:

Station inspection on March 22, 2006 accompanied by Station personnel;

interviews with Station personnel;

evaluation of Station systems;

investigation of confirmed and unconfirmed releases of radionuclides; and

review of previous Station investigations.

CRA analyzed the information collected from these components combined with

information obtained from CRA's study of hydrogeologic conditions at the

identify those areas where groundwater potentially could be impacted from operations

at the Station.

CRA then designed an investigation to determine whether any confirmed or potential

or any other release of radionuclides adversely affected groundwater. This

entailed evaluating whether existing Station groundwater monitoring systems were

sufficient to assess the groundwater quality at the AFEs. If the systems were not

sufficient to adequately investigate groundwater quality associated with any AFE, CRA

installed additional monitoring wells.

The following sections describe the above considerations and the identification of AFEs.

The results of CRA's investigation are discussed in Section 5.0.

SYSTEMS EVALUATIONS

Exelon launched an initiative to systematically

assess the structures, systems, and

components that store, use, or convey potentially radioactively contaminated liquid.

Maps depicting each of these systems were developed and provided to CRA for review.

The locations of some of these systems are presented on Figure 3.1. The Station

identified a total of 16 systems that contain or could contain potentially radioactively

contaminated liquid. The following presents a list of these systems.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

System Identification

Description

Residual Heat Removal (RHR)/RHR Service Water

Reactor Core Isolation Cooling

Radwaste includes Reactor Building Equipment

and Floor Drains

High Pressure Coolant Injection

Sewage Treatment Plant

Wastewater Treatment Plant

Condensate Transfer

Circulating Water System

Turbine Building Floor Drains

Electro Hydraulic Control (EHC)

Heating System/Heating Ventilation and Air

Heating Boilers

High Rad Sample System (HRSS)

After these systems were identified, Exelon developed a list of the various structures,

components, and areas of the systems

(e.g., piping, tanks, and process equipment) that

handle or could potentially handle radioactively contaminated liquid. The structures,

components, and areas may include:

aboveground storage tanks;

condensate vents;

where confirmed or potential historical releases, spills, or accidental discharges

may have occurred;

surface water bodies (i.e., basins, pits, ponds, or lagoons);

underground storage tanks; and

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

The Station then individually evaluated the various system components to determine

the potential for any release of radioactively contaminated liquid to enter the

Each structure or identified component was evaluated against the

following seven primary criteria:

location of the component (i.e., basement or second floor of building);

component construction material (i.e., stainless steel or steel tanks);

construction methodologies (i.e., welded or mechanical pipe joints);

concentration of radiological contaminated liquid stored or conveyed;

amount of radiological contaminated

liquid stored or conveyed;

controls (i.e., containment and detection); and

maintenance history.

System components, which were located inside a building or otherwise had some form

of secondary containment, such that a release of radioactively contaminated

would not be discharged directly to the environment, were eliminated from further

evaluation. System components that are not located within buildings or did not have

some other form of secondary containment were retained for further qualitative

evaluation of the risk of a release of radioactively contaminated liquid to the

environment and the potential magnitude of any release.

Exelon's risk evaluation took into consideration factors such as:

the potential concentration of radionuclides;

the volume of liquid

stored or managed;

probabilities of the systems actually containing radioactive contaminated liquid;

the potential for a release of radioactively contaminated liquid from the system

These factors were then used to rank the systems and system components as to the risk

for a potential release of a radioactively contaminated

liquid to the environment. The

evaluation process resulted in the identification of structures, components, and areas to

be considered for further evaluation.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

HISTORICAL RELEASES

CRA reviewed information concerning confirmed or potential historical releases of

radionuclides at the Station, including reports and documentation previously prepared

by Exelon and compiled for CRA's review.

CRA evaluated this information in

identifying AFEs. Any historical releases identified during the course of this assessment

that may have a current impact on Station conditions are further discussed in

STATION INVESTIGATIONS

CRA also considered previous Station investigations in the process of selecting the AFEs

for the Station. This section presents a summary of the pre-operational Radiological

(pre-operational

investigations, and the Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program (REMP).

PRE-OPERATIONAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL

MONITORING PROGRAM

The pre-operational REMP report was conducted to establish background radioactivity

levels prior to operation of the Station. The program was completed in December 1971

by Eberline Instrument Corporation for the Commonwealth Edison Company. The

pre-operational REMP report included monitoring for atmospheric radiation, fall-out,

domestic water, surface water, marine life, and foodstuffs.

Atmospheric radiation monitoring consisted of gas and air particulate radioactivity

measurements; fall-out monitoring consisted of radioactivity measurements of soil,

and rain water; domestic water monitoring consisted of well water sample

analysis; surface water samples were collected from the Mississippi River near the

Station, the Davenport Water Works, and the East Moline Water Works; and foodstuffs

monitoring included samples of milk.

The pre-operational REMP surface water tritium analytical results ranged from non

detect at an unspecified Lower Limit of

Detection (LLD) to 1,590 ± 850 picoCuries/liter

Gross alpha groundwater analytical

results ranged from non detect at unspecified LLDs

to a maximum detected activity of 2.00

± 0.9 pCi/L. Gross beta groundwater analytical

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

results (including tritium) ranged from non detect at unspecified LLDs to a maximum

detected activity of 34.2

RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

The REMP was initiated at the Station in 1968. The REMP includes the collection of

multi-media samples including air, surface water, groundwater, fish, clams, crabs,

sediment, and vegetation. The samples are analyzed for beta and gamma-emitting

radionuclides, tritium, iodine-131, and/or strontium as established in the procedures

developed for the REMP. The samples are collected at established locations, identified

as stations, so that trends in the data can be monitored. An annual report is prepared

providing a description of the activities performed and the results of the analysis of the

samples collected from the various media.

As part of REMP, surface water samples are collected at two locations and groundwater

samples are collected at

two locations. The Station collects quarterly groundwater

samples from two off-site wells (sample locations Q-35 and Q-36) and analyzes the

samples for tritium. Quarterly composites of weekly samples of Mississippi River water

collected upstream (Q-34) and downstream (Q-33) from the Station are analyzed for

tritium. The REMP reports for 2001 through 2004 state that tritium concentrations

remained below the LLD of 200 pCi/L in all of the groundwater and river water

samples. According to the Station, tritium concentrations in the well water and river

water samples have remained less than the LLD of 200 pCi/L since this testing was first

The report reviewed by CRA was prepared by Station personnel and is entitled “Annual

Radiological Environmental Operating Report for the Quad Cities Nuclear Power

Station, dated May

2005”. This report concluded that the operation of the Quad Cities

Station had no adverse radiological impacts on the environment.

HISTORIC INVESTIGATIONS

No historic investigations related to radionuclides impact to groundwater were

completed at the Station.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

POWER PLANT DOCUMENTS - UFSAR REPORT

During the construction of the Station, a series of comprehensive investigations of

regional and local geology, surface water, and groundwater conditions were conducted.

These studies are documented in UFSAR Revision 8, October 2005.

IDENTIFIED AREAS OF FURTHER EVALUATION

CRA used the information presented in the above sections along with its understanding

of the hydrogeology at the Station to identify AFEs which were a primary consideration

in the development of the scope of work in the Work Plan. The establishment of AFEs is

a standard planning practice in hydrogeologic investigations to focus the investigation

activities at areas where there is the greatest potential for impact to groundwater.

Specifically, AFEs were identified based on these six considerations:

systems evaluations;

risk evaluations;

review of confirmed and/or potential releases;

review of documents;

review of the hydrogeologic conditions; and

Station inspection completed on March 22, 2006.

Prior to CRA completing its analysis and determination of AFEs, Station personnel

completed an exhaustive

review of all historic and current management of systems that

may contain potentially radioactively contaminated liquids.

CRA reviewed the systems identified by the Station that have the potential for the

release of radioactively contaminated liquid

to the environment and groundwater flow

at the Station. This evaluation allowed CRA to become familiar with Station operations

and potential systems that may impact groundwater. CRA then evaluated information

concerning historic releases as provided by the Station. This information, along with a

review of the results from historic Station investigations, was used to refine CRA's

understanding of areas likely to have the highest possibility of impacting groundwater.

Where at risk systems or identified historical releases were located in close proximity or

were located in areas which could not be evaluated separately, the systems and

historical releases were combined into a single AFE. At times, during the Station

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

investigation, separate AFEs were combined into one or were otherwise altered based on

additional information and consideration. This HIR details the AFEs investigated.

Finally, CRA used its understanding of known hydrogeologic conditions (prior to this

to identify AFEs. Groundwater flow was an important factor in deciding

whether to combine systems or historical releases into a single AFE or create separate

For example, groundwater flow beneath several systems that contain

radioactively contaminated liquid that flows toward a common discharge point were

likely combined into a single AFE.

The AFEs were created based on known

groundwater flow conditions prior to the work completed during this investigation.

Based upon its review of information concerning

confirmed or potential historical

releases, historic investigations, and the systems at the Station that have the potential for

release of radioactively contaminated liquids to the environment combined with its

understanding of groundwater flow at the Station, CRA identified five AFEs (see

AFE-Quad Cities-1 - Piping West of Radwaste Building/Floor Drain Surge Tank

This area was identified as an AFE due to its

proximity to buried piping west of the

Radwaste Building where historic releases have occurred and due to its proximity to the

Floor Drain Surge Tank, which conveys waste and liquids potentially containing tritium.

AFE-Quad Cities-2 – Historic Releases Area South of Station Blackout Building (SBO)

This area was identified as an AFE due to its proximity to three reports of historic

releases in this area. Historic

releases related to this AFE occurred on August 17, 1975,

December 10, 1979, and March 21, 1986. The locations of the releases are shown on

17, 1975, a Unit 2 feedwater valve leaked, releasing radioactively

contaminated water to the soil east of the Trackway 2 (TW-2) rollup door. The

impacted soil was excavated and shipped off site. Approximately 12,500 gallons of

water were released: 8,500 gallons of feedwater and 4,000 gallons of fire suppression

system water. Approximately 2,570 gallons of water entered the Unit 2 Oil/Water

Separator, which was recovered and released through a permitted discharge point.

Approximately 100 gallons of the water was released to Station surface soils in the

vicinity of the TW-2 rollup door. Tritium was detected in Unit 2 Oil/Water

Separator output at a concentration 97,000 pCi/L.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

On December 10, 1979, approximately 4,200 gallons of radioactively contaminated

Residual Heat Removal (RHR) water was spilled into a storm drain system and on

the surrounding blacktop east of the Unit 1 Reactor Building. Water which entered

the Unit 1 Oil/Water Separator was recovered and released through a permitted

discharge point. Based on subsequent sampling of the Unit 1 Oil/Water Separator,

an estimated 25 millicuries were released through the discharge bay, which is a

permitted pathway, and the remaining 12.8 millicuries went into the ground.

21, 1986, approximately 10 to 25 gallons of reactor water that contained

tritium and radionuclides leaked onto the asphalt east of the Unit 1 Reactor Building

from the Integrated Leak Rate Compressor. A small area of contaminated asphalt

was removed. None of the water entered the storm drain.

All three of these historic releases occurred east of the Reactor Building, with the 1975

release occurring near the northeast corner of the Reactor Building and the 1979

1986 releases occurring at the current location of the Station Blackout Building (SBO).

AFE-Quad Cities-3 - CCSTs and Ancillary Piping

This area was identified as an AFE due to its proximity to the CCSTs and associated

piping, which are not provided with

secondary containment. Any historic releases from

this storage system could potentially impact groundwater downgradient of the CCSTs.

AFE-Quad Cities-4 - Unit 1 Oil/Water Separator

This area was identified as an AFE as potential

releases from the CCSTs and the south

side of the plant would discharge to the Unit 1 Oil/Water Separator.

AFE-Quad Cities-5 - Unit 2 Oil/Water Separator

This area was identified as an AFE as potential releases from the north

side of the plant

would discharge to the Unit 2 Oil/Water Separator.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

FIELD METHODS

The field investigations for this HIR were completed from May through July

initial field investigations completed for this HIR in May and June 2006 were focused

near the five AFEs identified for the Station. Additional field investigations were

completed in June and July 2006 to determine the vertical and lateral extent of tritium in

groundwater. CRA supervised the installation of monitoring wells at the Station and

collected samples from the newly installed monitoring wells, the existing monitoring

wells, and the existing water supply wells, as well as from surface water locations. The

field investigations were completed in accordance with the methodologies presented in

the Work Plan (CRA 2006).

In 2002, CRA installed three monitoring wells (MW-1, MW-2, and MW-3), which were

from 17 to 27 feet bgs and located in the northwest portion of the Protected

Area (PA). CRA collected groundwater samples as part of a separate hydrogeologic

assessment for non-radionuclide parameters. No impacts were detected.

SURFACE WATER GAUGING POINT INSTALLATION

AND MONITORING

Figure 4.1 presents the location of the three new surface water gauging points installed

part of this investigation. SW-QC-1 and SW-QC-2 are located on bridges that cross

the Station Spray Canal. A third surface water gauging point (SW-QC-3) was installed

at the discharge bay near MW-QC-103I. These gauging points were used for surface

water elevation monitoring.

GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION

Twenty-two new monitoring wells were installed at the Station as part of the fleetwide

hydrogeologic investigation. Eleven monitoring wells were installed during the initial

field investigations conducted in May 2006. These locations were selected based on a

review of all data provided, the hydrogeology at the Station, and the current

understanding of identified AFEs. An additional 11 monitoring wells were installed

during the additional field investigations conducted in June and July 2006. These

locations were selected based on a review of the hydrogeology at the Station, the current

understanding of identified AFEs, and the analytical results from groundwater sampling

conducted at the initial 11 monitoring wells and the eight water supply wells.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

Monitoring well construction logs are provided in Appendix B. Figure 4.1 presents the

location of the 22 new monitoring wells. Table 4.1 summarizes the monitoring well

completion details.

Prior to completing any ground penetration activities, CRA completed subsurface utility

clearance procedures to minimize the potential of injury to

workers and/or damage to

subsurface utility structures.

The subsurface clearance procedures consisted of

completing an electronic survey within a minimum of 10-foot radius of the proposed

location utilizing electromagnetic and ground penetrating radar technology.

Additionally, an air knife was used to verify utilities were not present at the proposed

location to a depth of 10 feet bgs.

Specific installation protocols for the monitoring wells are described below:

the borehole was advanced to the target depth using 4.25-inch inside diameter

hollow-stem augers (HSA);

a nominal 2-inch diameter (No. 10 slot) PVC screen, 5 or 10 feet in length, attached to

a sufficient length of 2-inch diameter schedule 40 PVC riser pipe to extend to the

surface, was placed into the borehole through the augers;

a filter sand pack consisting of silica sand was installed to a minimum height of

2 feet above the top of the screen as the augers were removed;

a minimum 2-foot thick seal consisting of 3/8-inch diameter bentonite pellets or

bentonite chips was placed on top of the sand pack and hydrated using potable

the remaining borehole annulus was sealed to within 3 feet of the surface using

bentonite grout;

the remaining portion of the annulus was filled with concrete and a 6-inch diameter

protective above-grade or flush mount casing. The well head was fitted with a

water-tight, lockable cap; and

cement-filled bollard posts were installed around selected monitoring well locations.

The shallow soil borings completed in unconsolidated materials that were to be used for

monitoring well installation were installed using 4.25-inch inside diameter

techniques. The borehole depths ranged from 29 to 70 feet bgs. During the subsurface

utility clearance activities described above, the borehole was periodically examined and

the soil types documented.

A description was added to each monitoring well

construction log.

The overburden soils were classified using the Unified Soil

Classification System (USCS).

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL DEVELOPMENT

To establish good hydraulic communication with the aquifer and to reduce the volume

of sediment in the monitoring well, monitoring well development was conducted in

accordance with this procedure:

Monitoring wells were surged using a pre-cleaned surge block for a period of at least

Water was purged from the monitoring well using an electronic submersible pump.

Groundwater was collected at regular intervals with the pH, temperature, and

conductivity measured using field instruments. These instruments were calibrated

daily according to the manufacturer's specifications. Additional observations such

as color, odor, and turbidity of the purged water were recorded.

Development continued until the turbidity and silt content of the monitoring wells

was significantly reduced and three consistent readings of pH, temperature, and

conductivity were recorded, or a minimum of ten well volumes was purged.

A summary of the well development parameters is provided in Table 4.2.

The new monitoring wells and surface water gauging points were surveyed to establish

reference elevations relative to mean sea level. The top of each well casing was

surveyed to the nearest 0.01 foot relative to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum

(NGVD), and the survey point was marked on the well casing. The survey included the

ground elevation at each well to the nearest 0.10 foot relative to the NGVD and the well

location to the nearest 1.0 foot. A reference point was also marked at each gauging

GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE WATER ELEVATION

MEASUREMENTS

On May 24, 2006 and July 26, 2006, CRA collected water level measurements from new

monitoring wells and surface water gauging points installed in accordance with the

Work Plan and from two existing

monitoring wells. CRA collected additional water

level measurements at the surface water gauging points on June 22, 2006. Based on the

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

measured depth to water from the reference point and the surveyed elevation of the

reference point, the groundwater elevation was calculated. A summary of groundwater

elevations is provided in Table 4.3. A summary of surface water elevations is provided

Prior to the water level measurements, the wells were identified and located.

wells were identified, CRA completed a thorough inspection of each well and noted any

Water level measurements were collected using an electronic

depth-to-water probe accurate to

± 0.01 foot. The measurements were made from the

designated location on the inner riser or protective casing of each monitoring well.

Surface water measurements were made from the designated location at each surface

water gauging point.

The water level measurements were obtained using the following procedures:

the proper elevation of the meter was checked by inserting the tip into water and

noting if the contact was registering correctly;

the tip was dried, and then slowly lowered into the well until contact with the water

the tip was slowly raised until the light and/or buzzer just began to activate. This

indicated the static water level;

the reading at the reference point was noted to the nearest hundredth of a foot;

the reading was then re-checked; and

the water level was then recorded, and the water level meter decontaminated prior

to use at the next well location.

GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE WATER

SAMPLE COLLECTION

CRA conducted two rounds of groundwater and surface water sampling during the

completion of the Work Plan for these hydrogeologic investigations. A total of

13 monitoring wells and eight water supply wells were sampled on May 31 and June 1,

2006. An additional 11 monitoring wells were sampled on July 27 and 28, 2006. Of the

24 monitoring wells sampled, 22 were newly installed. The sampling was scheduled to

allow for 2 weeks to elapse between well development and groundwater sample

collection. The two existing wells were selected for inclusion in this monitoring

program based on their proximity to the AFEs. The new wells were installed to

complete the monitoring network in the vicinity of the AFEs.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

At the monitoring well locations, CRA conducted the sampling using dedicated tubing

and a peristaltic pump or a submersible electronic pump, and employed low-flow

purging techniques as described in Puls and Barcelona (1996).

The groundwater in the monitoring wells was sampled by the following

the wells were located and identified;

a water level measurement was taken;

the well was sounded by carefully lowering the water level tape to the bottom of the

well (so as to minimize penetration and disturbance of the well bottom sediment),

and comparing the sounded depth to the installed depth to assess the presence of

any excess sediment or drill cuttings;

the pump or tubing was lowered slowly into the well and fixed into place such that

the intake was located at the mid-point of the well screen, or a minimum of 2 feet

above the well bottom / sediment level;

the purging was conducted using a pumping rate between 100 to 500 milliliters per

minute (mL/min). Initial purging began using the lower end of this range. The

groundwater level was monitored to ensure that a drawdown of less than 0.3 foot

occurred. If this criterion was met, the pumping rate was increased dependent on

the behavior of the well. During purging, the pumping rate and groundwater level

were measured and recorded every 5 minutes;

the field parameters [pH, temperature, conductivity, oxidation-reduction potential

(ORP), dissolved oxygen (DO), and turbidity] were monitored during the purging to

evaluate the stabilization of the purged groundwater. Stabilization was considered

to be achieved when three consecutive readings for each parameter, taken at

5-minute intervals, were within the following limits:

± 0.1 pH units of the average value of the three readings,

± 3 percent of the average value of the three readings,

± 0.005 milliSiemen per centimeter (mS/cm) of the average value

of the three readings for conductivity <1 mS/cm and

± 0.01 mS/cm of the average value of the three readings for

conductivity >1 mS/cm,

± 10 millivolts (mV) of the average value of the three readings,

± 10 percent of the average value of the three readings, and

± 10 percent of the average value of the three readings, or a final

value of less than 5 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU); and

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

once purging was complete, the groundwater samples were collected directly from

the pump/tubing directly into the sample containers.

All groundwater samples were labeled with a unique

sample number, the date and time,

the parameters to be analyzed, the project number, and the sampler's initials. The

samples were screened by the Station for shipment to Teledyne Brown Engineering, Inc.

(Teledyne Brown).

A groundwater sample key is presented in Table

4.5. Purging parameters for the

monitoring wells are presented in Table 4.6.

Water samples collected on May 31 and June 1, 2006 from the existing water supply

wells were collected from existing taps or

spigots on the well pump header or

distribution. Prior to collecting a water sample, the water was allowed to flow from the

tap or spigot for several minutes. Water purging parameters for these supply wells are

presented in Table 4.7.

CRA containerized the water purged from the Station monitoring wells during sampling

as well as water purged from all of the wells during the hydrogeologic

The water was placed into 55-gallon drums, which will be processed by the Station in

accordance with its NPDES permit.

Surface water samples were collected on May

31, 2006 at the two gauging points along

the Station Spray Canal. The surface water sampling locations (SW-QC-1 and SW-QC-2)

are presented on Figure 4.1.

The surface water samples were collected by submerging a disposable bailer in the

Spray Canal. The samples were poured directly from the disposable bailer

sample containers. The samples were shipped to Teledyne Brown for analysis.

DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES

CRA has validated the analytical data to establish the accuracy and completeness of the

data reported. Teledyne Brown

provided the analytical services. The Quality Assurance

Program for the laboratory is described in Appendix C.

Analytical data for

groundwater and surface water samples collected in accordance with the Work Plan are

presented in Appendix D. Data validation memoranda are presented in Appendix E.

The data validation included the following information and evaluations:

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

sample preservation;

sample holding times;

laboratory method blanks;

laboratory control samples;

laboratory duplicates;

verification of laboratory qualifiers; and

control (field blanks and duplicates).

Following the completion of field activities, CRA compiled and reviewed the geologic,

hydrogeologic, and analytical data.

The data were reviewed using the following techniques:

data tables and databox figures;

hydrogeologic cross-sections; and

hydraulic analyses.

SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION

Systematic sample identification codes were used to uniquely identify all samples. The

identification code format used in the field was: WG-QC-SW-QC-001-053106-JH-002. A

summary of sample identification numbers is presented in Table 4.5.

Sample matrix - groundwater

Sample matrix - surface water

Sample matrix - rinse blank

Sample location

Sampler initial

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY RECORD

The samples were delivered to Station personnel under chain-of-custody protocol.

Subsequently, the Station shipped the samples under chain-of-custody protocol to

Teledyne Brown for analyses.

QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLES

Quality control samples were collected to evaluate the sampling and analysis process.

Field Duplicates

Field duplicates were collected to verify the accuracy of the analytical laboratory by

providing two samples collected at the same location

and then comparing the analytical

results for consistency. Field duplicate samples were collected at a frequency of one

duplicate for every ten samples collected. A total of five duplicate samples were

collected. The locations of duplicate samples were selected in the field during the

performance of sample collection activities. The duplicate samples were collected

simultaneously with the actual sample and were analyzed for the same parameters as

the actual samples.

Rinsate Blank Samples

Rinsate blanks were collected to verify that decontamination procedures conducted in

the field were adequate.

Rinsate blanks were collected by routing Station-supplied

demineralized water through decontaminated sampling equipment. Rinsate blanks

were collected at a frequency of one rinsate blank for every day samples were collected

using non-disposable or non-dedicated equipment. Three rinsate blanks were collected.

Split samples were collected by CRA for the NRC for tritium simultaneously with the

actual sample at each sample

location. Split samples were delivered to the Station

personnel and made available to the NRC. In addition, split samples were collected

May 31, 2006 at monitoring wells MW-QC-106I and MW-QC-107I for the NRC and were

given to the NRC representative.

Groundwater and surface water samples were

analyzed for tritium and gamma-emitting

radionuclides as listed in NUREG-1302 and strontium-89/90 as listed in 40 CFR 141.25.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

RESULTS SUMMARY

This section provides a summary of Station geology and hydrogeology, along with a

discussion of hydraulic gradients, groundwater elevations, and flow directions in the

vicinity of the Station. This section also presents and evaluates the analytical results

obtained from activities performed in accordance with the Work Plan.

STATION GEOLOGY

The geology encountered during monitoring well installation is consistent with the

described in Section 2.4.2.

The geology beneath the Station consists of

unconsolidated sediments comprised of sand and gravel deposited as outwash and river

alluvium deposits. The unconsolidated sediments are underlain by bedrock of Silurian

(Niagaran/Alexandrian Dolomite), Ordovician (Maquoketa Shale, Galena - Platteville

Dolomite, and Glenwood - St. Peter Sandstone), and Cambrian age (dolomites,

sandstones, and shales).

Figure 5.1 displays the locations of the hydrogeologic

cross-sections across the Station.

These hydrogeologic cross-sections are presented on Figures 5.2 to 5.5.

cross-section locations were chosen because of their close proximity to the AFEs and

structures potentially influencing groundwater flow patterns.

The new shallow, intermediate, and deep interval wells installed pursuant to the Work

were installed in the overburden. The Station is underlain by overburden deposits

consisting primarily of unconsolidated sediments comprised of fine- to coarse-grained

sands and trace gravel (see Section 2.4.2). The monitoring well logs are presented in

Figure 5.2 is a southwest-northeast cross-section (A-A') through the middle of the

Station. It begins near monitoring well MW-QC-114I at the southwestern corner of

Station and terminates near the access road in the northeast portion of the Station. This

cross-section also shows the relationship between the groundwater and geology,

excavated areas, and Reactor/Turbine Building foundations that were set on the

bedrock. The Service Building foundation in this area was constructed on concrete piers

within the sand overburden fill to a depth of approximately 589.5 feet AMSL. The

Service Building foundation is not seated in bedrock. Engineered compacted fill was

placed around the foundation of the Service Building to the ground surface. The storm

drain piping along this sectional line is located in the compacted engineered fill. The

northern extent of the buried paleochannel or the Meredosia Channel is located to the

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

south of the Service Building.

May 2006 groundwater elevations in the upper

unconsolidated aquifer along this cross-section drop slightly from north (573.85 feet

AMSL at MW-QC-101S) to south (572.51 feet AMSL at MW-QC-108S) due to the

presence of the Meredosia Channel.

Figure 5.3 is a southeast-northwest profile (B-B') that intersects AFE-Quad Cities-2. This

cross-section shows the relationship between the groundwater and geology,

utilities, and building foundations.

Sheet piles installed as part of the Station

construction are located to the west of the Service Building. The sheet piles were set into

the top of the dolomite bedrock. The discharge bay was also excavated into the top of

dolomite bedrock in this portion of the Station. The northern extent of the buried

paleochannel or the Meredosia Channel is located to the south of the Service Building.

The surface of the dolomite bedrock in this portion of the Station drops approximately

100 feet based on the bedrock topography map (Figure 2.5). May 2006 groundwater

elevations in the upper unconsolidated aquifer along this cross section drop slightly

from northwest (573.09 feet AMSL at MW-QC-103I) to the southeast (572.77 feet AMSL

at MW-QC-102I) due to the competing influence of the Meredosia Channel and the sheet

Figure 5.4 is an east-west cross-section (C-C') through the Station to the

River. This profile shows the relationship between the groundwater and geology,

excavated areas, building foundations, and the Mississippi River. The Reactor Building,

Turbine Building, and Crib House foundations in this area were constructed to

approximate depths of 548, 542.5, and 545 feet AMSL, respectively. The Reactor

Building, Turbine Building, and Crib House foundations are seated in bedrock.

Engineered compacted fill was placed around these buildings to the ground surface.

The storm drain piping along this sectional line is located in the compacted engineered

May 2006 groundwater elevations in the fill overburden sand along this

cross-section are relatively flat from east (573.85 feet AMSL at MW-QC-101S) to the west

(573.82 feet AMSL at MW-QC-106S). Groundwater in the overburden flows around the

building foundations to the southwest.

Figure 5.5 is a north-south cross-section (D-D') through the Station. This cross-section

shows the relationship between the groundwater and geology, excavated

building foundations. Engineered compacted fill was placed around the foundation of

the Service Building to the ground surface. The storm drain piping along this sectional

line is located in the compacted engineered fill. The northern extent of the buried

Meredosia Channel is located to the south of the Service Building. Dolomite bedrock in

this portion of the Station drops approximately 100 feet. May 2006 groundwater

elevations in the upper unconsolidated aquifer along this cross-section drop from north

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

(574.30 feet AMSL at MW-1) to south (572.51 feet AMSL at MW-QC-108S) in response to

the presence of the Meredosia Channel.

STATION HYDROGEOLOGY

Figure 5.1 presents the monitoring well network in relationship to the hydrogeologic

cross-section locations. Hydrogeologic cross-sections are presented on Figures

The cross-sections show the overburden that overlies the dolomite bedrock. In general,

the overburden consists of naturally occurring unconsolidated sand or sand fill (fill is

present where the Station was excavated prior to construction of the buildings).

MAN-MADE INFLUENCES ON GROUNDWATER FLOW

The PA (Figure 1.2) is located at the west area of the Station and is surrounded by the

lined Spray Canal. The Spray Canal was constructed with a polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

liner underlain by 6 inches of sand covered by 1 foot of crushed rock. The polyethylene

sheeting was placed on 1 foot of compacted sand and gravel.

The canal flows counter-clockwise around the Station during the time when

being filled with water pumped from the Big Fish water supply well. The Station fills

the canal in the spring for a 3-month period to a depth of approximately 3 feet. The

depth of the water in the Spray Canal during the hydrogeologic investigation ranged

from 4.21 feet at SW-QC-1 on May 31, 2006 to 1.61 feet at SW-QC-2 on July 26, 2006. The

Spray Canal was initially operated as a component of the cooling water operations at the

Station. Cooling water from the condenser was pumped to the Spray Canal to further

reduce the water temperature prior to discharge from the discharge bay. The operation

of the Spray Canal as part of cooling water operations was suspended in 1983. The

Spray Canal was modified for use in fish hatchery operations. The Station fills the canal

as part of a fish hatchery program for the Mississippi River.

When the canal is not being filled, there is no flow; however, there is a residual amount

of water in some parts of the canal. Due to

the higher head in the canal than the

surrounding groundwater elevation (approximately 25 feet of head difference as of

June 2006) there may be some groundwater recharge from the Spray Canal into the

overburden. There is some evidence that seepage through the canal liner exists. Based

on the HIR water level measurements and an understanding of the construction of the

Spray Canal, the water leakage does not appear to have a significant effect on the

groundwater flow direction within the PA.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

During construction of the structures and buildings in the PA, a

dam was constructed to

minimize groundwater infiltration into the excavation and water was pumped from the

excavation. This excavation was greater than 40 feet deep and on top of the underlying

dolomite bedrock formations (UFSAR, 2005). The dam was constructed at the current

location of the inlet bay and was subsequently removed after the completion of plant

construction activities.

Sheet piles were installed around the discharge

bay and the western portion of the Spray

Canal as part of Station construction activities. The discharge bay sheet piles extend

below the water table to an elevation of 535 feet AMSL, but not to the top of competent

bedrock. They are set on crushed stone and rip rap. As such, groundwater flow is

intercepted by the sheet pile walls, but will continue to flow beneath and through the

sheet piles. The sheet piles are shown on Figures 5.3 and 2.6. The foundations or

basements associated with the Reactor Building and the Turbine Building extend to

depths below the water table and are set into the top of competent bedrock (see

Figure 5.4). The total depth of the Reactor Building is 548 to 550 feet AMSL. The total

depth of the majority of the Turbine Building is 542.5 feet AMSL. These basements are

barriers to groundwater flow in the overburden.

The Station structures and utilities were reviewed to assess their impact

flow conditions. All non-process related utilities (e.g., storm drains) are above the

groundwater table and do not appear to impact groundwater flow.

The Station and surrounding land is generally flat and is covered by paved areas,

and parking lots. These areas are drained by a storm water system that

drains to the north and south of the Station and passes by the location of MW-QC-102S

(see Figure 3.1). The south storm water system drains to an Oil/Water Separator

(Unit 1) at the south end of the PA whose outfall discharges to the discharge bay. The

north storm water system drains to an Oil/Water Separator (Unit 2) at the north end of

the PA whose outfall discharges to the intake bay.

The water level in the discharge bay fluctuates. The discharge bay water level was

on May 31, 2006 at 576.91 feet AMSL, on June 22, 2006 at 576.53 feet AMSL,

and on July 26, 2006 at 576.36 feet AMSL (see Table 4.4). The discharge bay water level

was approximately 4 feet higher than the water level measured in nearby monitoring

wells MS-QC-103I and MW-QC-105I (see Table 4.3) but does not appear to significantly

affect groundwater flow direction in this area.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

GROUNDWATER FLOW DIRECTIONS

Groundwater level measurements were collected in May and July 2006. Groundwater

contours for the upper unconsolidated aquifer for these dates are presented on

Figures 5.6 and 5.7, respectively. The May 2006 groundwater contour maps are based on

data obtained from 13 wells while the groundwater contour maps from July 2006 are

based on data from 24 monitoring wells.

Examination of Figure 5.6 shows that groundwater

flow in May 2006 is primarily to the

southwest towards the Mississippi River and the southern buried valley of the

Meredosia Channel.

Groundwater levels on the north side of the Station are

approximately 2 feet above the controlled river level elevation. As discussed in the

previous section, the foundations of the Reactor and Turbine Buildings restrict the

groundwater flow, which causes the groundwater to flow around the buildings. The

groundwater flow in the upper unconsolidated aquifer may have been affected by the

pumping of the Big Fish Well to supplement the water level in the Spray Canal.

The Big Fish Well was completed in the upper unconsolidated aquifer

approximately 175 feet bgs.

This well is capable of pumping on the order of

1,800 gallons per minute (gpm). In a typical year, the Big Fish Well is operated for up to

2 weeks in April to fill the Spray Canal. The well is then operated twice a week, running

between 5 to 8 hours during each event through to early August to maintain a minimum

water level in the canal.

Groundwater flow directions for the July 2006 water level monitoring event are shown

Figure 5.7. This figure provides a more complete representation of groundwater flow

in the upper unconsolidated aquifer at the Station, given the larger data set and broader

distribution of monitoring wells. In general, groundwater levels are approximately

2 feet lower than those measured in May 2006 (see Table 4.3). This indicates that

seasonal fluctuations in the water table occur. In general, groundwater flows from the

east to the west towards the Mississippi River. However, the groundwater flow

diverges to a southerly and northerly component and flows towards both the buried

valleys of the Meredosia Channel (see Figure 2.5 for Meredosia Channel detail). In

July 2006, the river elevation was higher than all groundwater levels near the river,

indicating that flow from the river to the aquifer is occurring. This will result is

localized reversal in the flow direction. The river recharge also resulted in a much flatter

hydraulic gradient at the Station than that measured in May 2006, when groundwater

discharge to the river occurred. The data also show that basement walls restrict the

groundwater flow, which causes the groundwater to flow around the buildings.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

The water level in the discharge bay will fluctuate. The discharge bay water level was

measured on May 31, 2006 at 576.91 feet AMSL, on June 22, 2006 at 576.53 feet AMSL,

and on July 26, 2006 at 576.36 feet AMSL (see Table 4.4). The discharge bay water level

was approximately 4 feet higher than the water level measured in nearby monitoring

wells MS-QC-103I and MW-QC-105I (see Table 4.3) but does not appear to significantly

affect groundwater flow direction in this area.

A comparison of the water levels in monitoring

wells located on the east side of the

sheet piles with river levels indicates that the sheet piles are not acting as an effective

hydraulic barrier. This is illustrated on the groundwater contour map (Figure 5.6) by the

minimal changes in contour spacing when the river level is compared to groundwater

elevations in adjacent wells. There are no sheet piles along the river bank. The river

bank protection consists of rip-rap (rocks) present to prevent erosion.

VERTICAL HYDRAULIC GRADIENTS

The HIR included the installation of monitoring well clusters in the upper

unconsolidated aquifer to determine not only the vertical distribution of impacted

groundwater (as necessary), but also the vertical hydraulic gradient within the aquifer.

Vertical hydraulic gradients were calculated at the well pairs and are provided in

Table 5.1. Downward vertical hydraulic gradients were calculated for four well pairs:

MW-QC-101 and MW-QC-108, where the vertical hydraulic gradient was very slight,

0.001 feet/foot; MW-QC-106, where the vertical hydraulic gradient was 0.003 feet/foot;

and MW-QC-109, where the vertical hydraulic gradient was 0.006 feet/foot. An upward

vertical gradient was calculated for the remaining well pair, MW-QC-102, where the

vertical hydraulic gradient was -0.003 feet/foot (May 30, 2006) and –0.0004 feet/foot

(July 26, 2006).

The calculated vertical hydraulic gradients at the Station are slight and vary with

to the canal and Mississippi River. There were no significant vertical

hydraulic gradients observed.

LATERAL GROUNDWATER FLOW AND VELOCITY

The calculated horizontal hydraulic gradient in the upper unconsolidated aquifer along

the east side of the PA based on the May 2006 data is 0.002 feet/foot and based on the

June 2006 data, after the installation of additional monitoring wells, is 0.0004 feet/foot.

The horizontal hydraulic gradient was calculated by dividing the change in

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

groundwater elevation along the groundwater flow path by the corresponding distance

along the flow path. The groundwater flow direction in this area is from the northeast to

southwest during both monitoring events.

Figure 5.6 displays the May 2006

groundwater elevation contours and Figure 5.7 displays the July 2006 groundwater

elevation contours.

The calculated horizontal hydraulic gradient in the upper unconsolidated aquifer along

west side of the Turbine Building based on the May 2006 data is 0.004 feet/foot and

based in the June 2006 data is 0.003 feet/ foot. The general groundwater flow direction

in this area is from east-northeast to west-southwest (Figure 5.6).

The hydraulic conductivity of the surficial sands is expected

to be approximately 12 feet

per day based on the median measurement from a study conducted at the

Illinois-Indiana border of the shallow aquifer along Lake Michigan (USGS, 1996). The

media tested in this study was consistent with unconsolidated aquifer material

at the Station. The velocity of the shallow

groundwater may be roughly approximated

using the Station-specific hydraulic gradient with the literature value for hydraulic

conductivity and a typical value for porosity. The hydraulic gradient range of 0.0004 to

0.004, based on the collected May 2006 and July 2006 data, with a hydraulic conductivity

of 12 feet per day and an assumed porosity of 0.32, yields a velocity of 6 to 54 feet

per year (USEPA, 1996).

The hydraulic gradient and the calculated groundwater

velocity are subject to seasonal fluctuation.

GROUNDWATER QUALITY

CRA personnel collected 32 groundwater samples from 22 newly installed monitoring

wells, two previously installed groundwater monitoring wells, and eight existing water

supply wells. The samples were analyzed for tritium and additional radionuclides.

Teledyne Brown provided the analytical services. The Quality Assurance Program for

the laboratory is described in Appendix C.

The analytical data reports are in

The analytical data have been subjected to CRA's data validation process.

the data with appropriate qualifiers where necessary.

The data reported in the figures and tables does not include the results of recounts that

the laboratory completed, except if those results ultimately replaced an initial report.

The tables and figures therefore include only the first analysis reported by the

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

laboratory. Where multiple samples were collected over time then the most recent result

has been used in the discussion below.

SUMMARY OF BETA-EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES

ANALYTICAL RESULTS

A summary of the tritium results for the groundwater samples collected during this

investigation is provided in Table 5.2. and shown on Figure 5.8.

The tritium groundwater data have been divided into upper and intermediate intervals

of the upper unconsolidated aquifer. CRA evaluated the groundwater data using upper

and intermediate overburden data sets

to better understand the potential vertical

distribution of tritium in Station groundwater.

Concentrations of tritium in groundwater samples collected south of the Turbine and

Reactor Buildings and in the SBO Area ranged from 262

± 130 pCi/L to

32,600 ± 977 pCi/L. The groundwater sample collected from MW-QC-102I, screened in

the intermediate interval of the upper unconsolidated aquifer, had a tritium

concentration of 32,600 ± 977 pCi/L. The following wells in the upper unconsolidated

aquifer also revealed tritium concentrations greater than the LLD of 200 pCi/L, but less

than 20,000 pCi/L: shallow wells MW-QC-102S, MW-QC-104S, and MW-QC-108S;

intermediate wells MW-QC-108I, MW-QC-109I, and MW-QC-111I; deep well

MW-QC-102D; and the Big Fish Well.

In addition, the following two groundwater samples collected north and northwest of

the Turbine and Reactor Buildings revealed tritium concentrations greater than the LLD

ranged from 250 ± 126 pCi/L (shallow overburden monitoring well MW-2) to

371 ± 134 pCi/L (water supply well Little Fish Well).

Strontium-89/90 was not detected at a concentration greater than the LLD of 2.0 pCi/L.

A summary of the strontium-89/90 results for the groundwater samples collected as

part of this HIR is presented in Table 5.3 and shown on Figure 5.9.

SUMMARY OF GAMMA-EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES

ANALYTICAL RESULTS

Gamma-emitting target radionuclides were not detected at concentrations greater than

their respective LLDs. A summary of the gamma-emitting radionuclide results

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

groundwater samples collected as part of this investigation that is the subject of this HIR

is provided in Table 5.3 and shown on Figure 5.9.

Other non-targeted radionuclides were also included in the tables but excluded from

discussion in this report.

These radionuclides were either a) naturally occurring and

thus not produced by the Station, or b) could be definitively evaluated as being naturally

occurring due to the lack of presence of other radionuclides which would otherwise

indicate the potential of production from the Station.

SUMMARY OF FIELD MEASUREMENTS

Table 4.6 presents monitoring well purging parameters collected during the well

purging and sampling activities. These field measurements included pH, dissolved

oxygen, ORP, conductivity, turbidity, and temperature. The field parameters were

typical of a shallow sand aquifer with carbonate source rock (i.e., the underlying

limestones and shales). As such, the pH values were found to be approximately 7.0 and

the conductivity was indicative of a shallow water table system subject to surface water

recharge. The conductivity of the water purged from MW-QC-104S was elevated when

compared to the readings from other sampling locations.

SURFACE WATER QUALITY

Two surface water samples were collected from the two gauging points located at the

Spray Canal shown on Figure 4.1. The samples were analyzed for tritium,

gamma-emitting radionuclides, and strontium-89/90. Teledyne Brown provided the

analytical services. The Quality Assurance Program for the laboratory is described in

Appendix C. The analytical reports are presented in Appendix D.

SUMMARY OF BETA-EMITTING RADIONUCLIDE

ANALYTICAL RESULTS

A summary of the tritium results for the surface water samples collected in this

investigation is provided in Table

5.2 and shown on Figure 5.8. Surface water samples

collected from locations SW-QC-1 and SW-QC-2 contained tritium at concentrations of

550 ± 143 pCi/L and 497 ± 140 pCi/L, respectively.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

Strontium-89/90 was not detected at concentrations that were greater than the LLD of

2.0 pCi/L. A summary of the strontium-89/90 analytical results for surface water

samples collected in this investigation is presented in Table 5.3 and shown on Figure 5.9.

SUMMARY OF GAMMA-EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES

ANALYTICAL RESULTS

Gamma-emitting target radionuclides were not detected at concentrations greater than

their respective LLDs. A summary of the gamma-emitting

radionuclides results for the

surface water samples collected in this investigation is provided in Table 5.3 and shown

Other non-targeted radionuclides were also included in the tables but excluded from

discussion in this report.

These radionuclides were either a) naturally occurring and

thus not produced by the Station, or b) could be definitively evaluated as being naturally

occurring due to the lack of presence of other radionuclides which would otherwise

indicate the potential of production from the Station.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

RADIONUCLIDES OF CONCERN AND SOURCE AREAS

This section discusses radionuclides evaluated in

this investigation, potential sources of

the radionuclides detected, and their distribution.

GAMMA-EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES

Gamma-emitting target radionuclides were not detected at concentrations greater than

their respective LLDs. Other non-targeted radionuclides were also included in the tables

but excluded from discussion in this report.

These radionuclides were either

a) naturally occurring and thus not produced by the Station, or b) could be definitively

evaluated as being naturally occurring due to the lack of presence of other radionuclides

which would otherwise indicate the potential of production from the Station.

BETA-EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES

Strontium-89/90 was not detected in any of the groundwater samples collected at

concentrations greater than the LLD of 2.0

pCi/L. Tritium was detected in 13 of the

34 total sample locations. Concentrations of tritium ranged between 250 ± 126 pCi/L to

32,600 ± 977 pCi/L.

Since only tritium was detected at concentrations great than the

fleetwide investigation, the following sections focus on tritium, specifically, providing

general characteristics of tritium, potential sources, distribution in groundwater, and a

conceptual model for migration.

This section discusses the general characteristics of tritium, the distribution of tritium in

groundwater and surface water, and the conceptual model of tritium release and

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

Tritium (chemical symbol H-3) is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. The

forms of tritium are tritium gas and tritium oxide, which is also called "tritiated water."

The chemical properties of tritium are essentially those of ordinary hydrogen. Tritiated

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

water behaves the same as ordinary water in both the environment and the body.

Tritium can be taken into the body by drinking water, breathing air, eating food, or

absorption through skin. Once tritium enters the body, it disperses quickly and is

uniformly distributed throughout the body. Tritium is excreted from the body primarily

through urine within a month or so after ingestion. Organically bound tritium (tritium

that is incorporated in organic compounds) can remain in the body for a longer period.

Tritium is produced naturally in the upper atmosphere when cosmic rays strike air

Tritium is also produced during nuclear weapons explosions,

by-product in reactors producing electricity, and in special production reactors, where

the isotopes lithium-7 and/or boron-10 are bombarded to produce tritium.

Although tritium can be a gas, its most

common form is in water because, like

non-radioactive hydrogen, radioactive tritium reacts with oxygen to form water.

Tritium replaces one of the stable hydrogen atoms in the water molecule and is called

tritiated water. Like normal water, tritiated water is colorless and odorless. Tritiated

water behaves chemically and physically like non-tritiated water in the subsurface, and

therefore tritiated water will travel at the same velocity as the average groundwater

Tritium has a half-life of approximately 12.3 years. It decays spontaneously to helium-3

He). This radioactive decay releases a beta particle (low-energy electron). The

radioactivity of tritium is the source of the risk of exposure.

Tritium is one of the least dangerous radionuclides because it emits

very weak radiation

and leaves the body relatively quickly. Since tritium is almost always found as water, it

goes directly into soft tissues and organs. The associated dose to these tissues is

generally uniform and is dependent on the water content of the specific tissue.

DISTRIBUTION IN GROUNDWATER / SURFACE WATER

This section provides an overview of the lateral and vertical distribution of tritium

detected in groundwater and the distribution of tritium in surface water at the Station.

Tritium has been the only parameter detected in the upper unconsolidated aquifer at a

concentration greater than the LLD of 200 pCi/L. This observation is based upon the

studies recently completed at the Station. Consequently, this section of the report will

focus on the distribution of tritium in the upper and intermediate intervals of the upper

unconsolidated aquifer.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

Tritium concentrations that are greater than the LLD of 200 pCi/L are limited to three

areas at the Station. The first area is located to the north and northwest of the Turbine

Building. The second larger area is located to the south and southwest of the Reactor,

Service, and SBO Buildings. Tritium was also detected in the Spray Canal, the third

area. The tritium detections are summarized in Table 5.2 and shown on Figure 5.8.

North and Northwest of Turbine Building

Tritium was detected at concentrations slightly above the LLD of 200 pCi/L in MW-2,

completed to 27

feet bgs in the upper zone of the upper unconsolidated aquifer, and the

Little Fish Well, completed to 60 feet bgs. Both of these wells are located north and

northwest of the Turbine Building. Groundwater in this area of the Station has been

determined to flow from northeast to southwest towards the Mississippi River based on

the May 2006 groundwater elevations, with a more westerly flow component present

during July 2006.

Historical tritium analytical data for groundwater

samples collected from the Little Fish

Well are available back to 2003. These samples were analyzed in accordance with

NUREG 1302 to an LLD of 3,000 pCi/L (LLD of 200 pCi/L for the five March 10, 2006

samples). Tritium was not detected in any of the samples collected at concentrations

greater than the LLD.

As part of the May 31, 2006 sampling event, tritium was detected in the Little Fish Well

at concentrations of 371

± 134 pCi/L. Tritium was not detected at concentrations greater

than the LLD (200 pCi/L) in the sample from the Fish House Well. The Fish House Well

is screened within the Niagaran Dolomite of the Hunton Megagroup. The driller's well

log shows that competent dolomite begins at 69 feet bgs and that the well was cemented

with bentonite grout to a depth of 71 feet bgs. Therefore, the Fish House Well draws

water from the dolomite aquifer from 71 feet bgs and deeper. Based on the Fish House

Well information, the adjacent 60 foot deep Little Fish Well, screened from 50 to 60 feet

bgs, is screened within the upper unconsolidated aquifer (the sand aquifer above the

dolomite). The Spray Canal is located north and hydraulically upgradient of well MW-2

and the Little Fish Well. Tritium was detected in surface water samples collected from

the Spray Canal. The upper unconsolidated aquifer in this portion of the Station may be

partially recharged from surface water in the Spray Canal at the dam/end of the canal

when it is in use during the spring and summer, as discussed previously in Section 5.2.1.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

South/Southwest of Reactor, Service, and SBO Buildings

Tritium has been detected at concentrations greater than the LLD of 200 pCi/L in the

south and southwest of the Reactor, Service, and SBO Buildings. Specifically,

MW-QC-108S, MW-QC-108I, MW-QC-109I, and MW-QC-111I, and the Big Fish Well

contained concentrations of tritium greater than the LLD. Groundwater flow direction

in this area of the Station varies seasonally, and groundwater flows either from

northeast to southwest towards the Mississippi River or from east to west towards the

Mississippi River.

The concentration of tritium in the Big Fish Well, screened at three intervals from 77

to 175 feet in the unconsolidated deposits of the Meredosia Channel, has been reported

as less than the Station LLD of 3,000 pCi/L (2003 through 2006 samples). The new

monitoring wells in this area are screened from 18 to 70 feet bgs within the

unconsolidated aquifer. The highest concentration of tritium, 32,600 ± 977 pCi/L, was

detected in the groundwater sample collected at MW-QC-102I. Tritium was also

detected in the groundwater sample collected from MW-QC-109I at 1,140 ± 182 pCi/L in

the vicinity of historical release referenced in AFE-Quad Cities-2 in Section 3.4. Tritium

was detected as far south as MW-QC-111I at a concentration of 420J ± 133 pCi/L, but

was not detected in either MW-QC-114I or MW-QC-115S, which are located further

south of MW-QC-111I. Tritium detections above the LLD are limited to a localized area

between the Reactor and Service Buildings to the north and the Spray Canal to the

south. Tritium has not been detected above the LLD of 200 pCi/L in wells adjacent to

the Mississippi River (MW-QC-112I, MW-QC-113I, MW-QC-114I, and the STP Sand

Point Well) or beyond the area delineated by the Spray Canal.

Wells with tritium detections greater than the LLD of 200 pCi/L, MW-QC-102S,

MW-QC-102D, MW-QC-104S, MW-QC-108S, MW-QC-108I, MW-QC-109I,

MW-QC-111I, and the Big Fish Well, are downgradient of the AFE-Quad Cities-2 SBO

Area, which is the likely source of tritium in these wells. Figure 6.1 presents a profile

depicting detected tritium concentrations along cross-section A-A'. Figure 6.2 presents a

plan view depicting detected tritium concentrations.

Tritium was detected in the surface water samples collected from the Spray Canal at

points SW-QC-1 and SW-QC-2 at concentrations of 550 ± 143 pCi/L and

497 ± 140 pCi/L, respectively. The Spray Canal is filled with water pumped from the

Big Fish Well, which is impacted by tritium.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF TRITIUM RELEASE AND

This section presents CRA's conceptual model of groundwater and tritium migration at

Tritium has not been detected at concentrations greater than the LLD of 200 pCi/L in

samples collected from bedrock potable supply

wells located at the Station (Well #1,

Well #5, and Fish House Well #10). As such, CRA's conceptual hydrogeologic model

focuses on the migration of groundwater and tritium in the upper unconsolidated

Within the upper unconsolidated aquifer, tritium was not detected in monitoring wells

installed adjacent to the Mississippi River (STP Sand Point Well, MW-QC-103I,

MW-QC-114I). Tritium was also not detected in the monitoring wells installed adjacent

to residential properties (MW-QC-115S and MW-QC-116S). Therefore, the vertical and

horizontal extent of tritium impact to Station groundwater is limited to the Station

The groundwater flow in May within the upper unconsolidated aquifer beneath the

Station is from northeast to southwest, toward the southern buried

Meredosia Channel. As shown on Figure 5.6, groundwater flow appears to divide

around the Reactor and Turbine Buildings, as a result of the foundations sitting on

bedrock. Groundwater may also undergo seasonal fluctuations as a result of the filling

of the Spray Canal and water level change within the Mississippi River. CRA observed

seasonal changes in the two rounds of groundwater levels collected. The groundwater

flow in July is, in general, from east to west, but the groundwater flow diverges to a

southerly and northerly component toward the buried valleys of the Meredosia Channel

(see Figure 5.7). There is no indication from this HIR investigation that tritium-impacted

groundwater is migrating off Station.

Hydrogeologic Framework

Groundwater flow within the upper unconsolidated aquifer

at the Station is to the

southwest toward the Mississippi River in May 2006 and generally to the west toward

the Mississippi River in July 2006, with southerly and northerly components present.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

Groundwater moving within the overburden is separated from the deeper regional

bedrock aquifer zones by the upper dolomite. In the vicinity of the Turbine and Reactor

Buildings, groundwater flow in the upper unconsolidated aquifer is affected by the

building foundations, as they extend to the bedrock. This results in a deviation of the

flow around the buildings.

In May 2006, groundwater from the west side of the Turbine Building discharges into

intake bay and the Mississippi River to the southwest. The southern component of

flow is also influenced, to some degree, by the pumping of the Big Fish Well and by the

Meredosia Channel. The Big Fish Well was constructed in the Meredosia Channel, an

ancient channel of the Mississippi River that eroded the bedrock. This channel has been

filled over time with unconsolidated sediments ranging from approximately

50 to 300 feet deep (Blume, 1966). The well construction logs indicate that the Big Fish

Well was screened over three intervals (77 to 97, 118 to 148, and 157 to 175 feet bgs) and

has an overall depth of 175 feet. Pumping tests performed on this well indicate that it

can pump at a sustained rate of 1,800 gpm.

In a typical year, the Big Fish Well is operated for up to 2

weeks in April to fill the Spray

Canal. The Big Fish Well is then operated twice a week, running between 5 to 8 hours

during each event through to early August to maintain a minimum water level in the

canal. The canal is used for a fish hatchery. During the time of sustained pump

operation, the water table should draw down around the well. Given the constraints

imposed by the presence of the Turbine/Reactor Building foundation, groundwater will

flow in a north to south direction towards the Big Fish Well, within the capture zone of

the well when the pump is operated. However, given the high rate of hydraulic

conductivity present in the shallow aquifer, the shallow unconsolidated aquifer will

recharge quickly after the pumping has stopped. Pumping of the Big Fish Well draws

water from the upper unconsolidated aquifer. Pumping at this location may draw

surface water from the Mississippi River east towards the southern portion of the

The northern edge of the Meredosia Channel runs along the southern portion of the

Station as shown on Figure

2.6. This channel eroded the top of the dolomite bedrock in

this portion of the Station and further influences overburden groundwater flow at the

Station to a further southern flow. CRA believes that the location of the channel directs

overburden groundwater flow in a southwest direction.

In July 2006, general groundwater flow in the upper unconsolidated aquifer

west toward the Mississippi River. However, the groundwater flow diverges to a

southerly and northerly component and flows towards both buried valleys of the

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

Meredosia Channel. The southern component of flow is also influenced, to some degree,

by the pumping of the Big Fish Well.

Sources and Migration of Tritium

Tritium was detected above the LLD of 200 pCi/L in three areas at the Station:

north and northwest of the Turbine Building;

south/southwest of the Reactor, Service, and SBO Buildings; and

This distribution of tritium (both within the shallow water table zone and within the

deeper portions of the upper

unconsolidated aquifer) is likely related to the following

water release history:

releases of tritium to the subsurface that have been documented by the

Station that are associated with AFE-Quad Cities-2; and

potential recharge of the upper unconsolidated aquifer

from the Spray Canal.

All tritium detections appear to be related to historical releases at AFE-Quad Cities-2.

The groundwater data suggest that a release of tritium has occurred in AFE-Quad

Cities-2 to the north and upgradient of MW-QC-102S and MW-QC-102I, possibly in the

vicinity of MW-QC-109S and MW-QC-109I. The effect of the periodic operation of the

Big Fish Well pump is to pull the release in the direction of the Big Fish Well. This is

explained by tritium detections in groundwater samples from MW-QC-102S,

MW-QC-102I, MW-QC-102D, MW-QC-108S, MW-QC-108I, MW-QC-111I, and the Big

Fish Well. CRA notes that the historical releases associated with AFE-Quad Cities-2

occurred as long ago as 21 years. The effects of groundwater flow (advection), diffusion,

and dilution have resulted in the current distribution of tritium to the south and west of

AFE-Quad Cities-2.

There is no indication from the HIR investigation that

tritium-impacted groundwater is migrating off the Station property.

In addition, the tritium detected in the Spray Canal is also likely attributable

releases in the AFE-Quad Cities-2. The Spray Canal is filled from water pumped from

the Big Fish Well. Tritium was detected at a concentration of 740 ± 152 pCi/L in the

groundwater sample collected from the Big Fish Well. The source of tritium detected in

the Spray Canal, therefore, is likely the same as the source of tritium in the Big Fish Well,

which is historic releases from AFE-Quad Cities-2.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

The Spray Canal potentially recharges overburden groundwater downgradient of the

Spray Canal. Water from the Spray Canal enters the upper unconsolidated aquifer in

the northern portion of the Site and water drawn from the Little Fish Well is partially

recharged from the Spray Canal in this area of the Site. Therefore, the source of tritium

detected in the Little Fish Well and MW-2 is also the historic releases associated with

AFE-Quad Cities-2.

Based on the results of the hydrogeologic investigation that is the subject of this HIR,

tritium-impacted groundwater is not migrating off the Station property.

Naturally occurring isotopes not produced by the Station were identified and excluded

from this report.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

EXPOSURE PATHWAY ASSESSMENT

This section addresses the groundwater impacts from tritium and other radionuclides

the Station and potential risks to human health and the environment.

Based upon historical knowledge and data related to the Station operations, and based

upon radionuclide analyses of groundwater samples, the primary constituent of concern

(COC) is tritium. The

discussions that follow are restricted to the exposure pathways

related to tritium.

Teledyne Brown reports all samples to their statistically-derived minimum detectable

concentration (MDC) of approximately

150 to 170 pCi/L, which is associated with

95 percent confidence interval on their hardcopy reports. However, the laboratory uses

99 percent confidence range (± 3 sigma) for determining whether to report the sample

activity concentration as detected or not. This 3-sigma confidence interval typically

equates to 150 (± 135.75) pCi/L.

Exelon has specified an LLD of 200 pCi/L for the Fleetwide Assessment.

also required the laboratory to report related peaks identified at the 95 percent

confidence level (2-sigma).

This HIR, therefore, screens and assesses data using Exelon's

LLD of 200 pCi/L. As is

outlined below, this concentration is also a reasonable approximation of the background

concentration of tritium in groundwater at the Station.

HEALTH EFFECTS OF TRITIUM

Tritium is a radionuclide that decays by emitting a low-energy beta particle that cannot

penetrate deeply into tissue or travel far in air. A person's exposure to

primarily through the ingestion of water (drinking water) or through ingestion of water

bearing food products. Inhalation of tritium requires the water to be in a vapor form

(i.e., through evaporation or vaporization due to heating). Inhalation is a minor

exposure route when compared to direct ingestion or drinking of tritiated water.

Absorption of tritium through skin is possible, but tritium exposure is more limited here

versus direct ingestion or drinking of tritiated water.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

BACKGROUND CONCENTRATIONS OF TRITIUM

The purpose of the following paragraphs is

to establish a background concentration

through review of various media.

GROUNDWATER

Tritium is created in the environment from naturally occurring cosmic and subterranean

as well as from anthropogenic (i.e., man-made) sources. In the upper atmosphere,

"cosmogenic" tritium is produced from the bombardment of stable nuclides and

combines with oxygen to form tritiated water, which will then enter the hydrologic

cycle. Below ground, "lithogenic" tritium is produced by the bombardment of natural

lithium isotopes

Li (92.5 percent abundance)

Li (7.5 percent abundance)

crystalline rocks by neutrons produced by the radioactive decay of uranium and

thorium. Lithogenic production of tritium is usually negligible compared to other

sources due to the limited abundance of lithium in rock. The lithogenic tritium is

introduced directly to groundwater.

A major anthropogenic source of tritium comes from the former atmospheric testing of

thermonuclear weapons. Concentrations

of tritium in precipitation, increased during

the 1950 and early 1960s, coinciding with the release of significant amounts of tritium to

the atmosphere during nuclear weapons testing prior to the signing of the Limited Test

Ban Treaty in 1963, which prohibited atmospheric nuclear tests.

PRECIPITATION DATA

Precipitation samples are routinely collected at stations around the world for the

analysis of tritium and other radionuclide analyses. Two publicly available databases

that provided tritium concentrations in precipitation are Global Network of Isotopes in

Precipitation (GNIP) and USEPA's RadNet database.

GNIP provides tritium

precipitation concentration data for samples collected worldwide from 1960 to 2006.

RadNet provides tritium precipitation concentration data for samples collected at

stations through the U.S. from 1960 up to and including 2006.

Based on GNIP data for sample stations located in the U.S.

Midwest including Chicago,

St. Louis, and Madison, Wisconsin, as well as Ottawa, Ontario, and data from the

University of Chicago, tritium concentrations peaked around 1963. This peak, which

approached 10,000 pCi/L for some stations, coincided with the atmospheric testing of

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

thermonuclear weapons. Tritium concentrations showed a sharp decline until 1975

followed by a gradual decline since that time. Tritium concentrations in Midwest

precipitation have typically been less than 100 pCi/L since around 1980.

The RadNet database for several stations in

the U.S. Midwest (Chicago, Columbus,

Indianapolis, Lansing, Madison, Minneapolis, Painesville, Toledo, and Welsch, MN) did

not show the same trend, which can be attributed to pre-1995 data handling procedures.

The pre-1995 data were rounded to the nearest 100 pCi/L, which damped out variances

in the data. The post-1995 RadNet data, where rounding was not applied, exhibit much

more scatter, and similar to the GNIP data, most of the data were less than 100 pCi/L.

CRA constructed a non-parametric upper tolerance

limit with a confidence of 95 percent

and coverage of 95 percent based on RadNet data for USEPA Region 5 from 2004 to

2005. The resulting upper tolerance limit is 133 pCi/L, which indicates that CRA is

95 percent confident that 95 percent of the ambient precipitation concentration results

are less than 133 pCi/L. The statistical confidence, however, must be compared with the

limitations of the underlying RadNet data, which does not include the minimum

detectable concentration for a majority of the measurements. Some of the RadNet values

less than 200 pCi/L may be approximated.

Nevertheless, these results show a

background contribution for precipitation of up to 133 pCi/L.

SURFACE WATER DATA

Tritium concentrations are routinely measured in large surface water bodies, including

Lake Michigan and the Mississippi River. Surface water data from the RadNet database

for Illinois sampling stations include East Moline (Mississippi River), Moline

(Mississippi River), Marseilles (Illinois River), Morris (Illinois River), Oregon (Rock

River), and Zion (Lake Michigan). As is the case for the RadNet precipitation data, the

pre-September 1995 Illinois surface water data was rounded to the nearest 100 pCi/L,

creating a dampening of variances in the data. The post-1995 Illinois surface water data,

similar to the post-1995 Midwest precipitation data, were less than 100 pCi/L with the

exception of the Moline (Mississippi River) station.

Tritium surface water

concentrations at this location varied between 100 and 800 pCi/L, which may reflect

local natural or anthropogenic inputs.

The USEPA RadNet surface water data typically has a reported ‘Combined Standard

of 35 to 50 pCi/L.

According to USEPA, this corresponds to a

± 70 to 100 pCi/L 95 percent confidence bound on each given measurement. Therefore,

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

the typical background data provided may be subject to measurement uncertainty of

approximately ± 70 to 100 pCi/L.

Routine surface water measurements for tritium

sampling locations upstream of the

Quad Cities Generating Station show that concentrations in the Mississippi River are

consistently less than 200 pCi/L (Exelon, 2005).

Pre-operational REMP quarterly and semi-annual surface water composite samples

from downstream and on-Station locations were analyzed for tritium. Tritium

was not detected (LLD 1,000 pCi/L) in surface water samples collected from the

Davenport Water Works, the Moline Water Works, and the Inlet Canal for 1969, 1970,

and 1971 (1st quarter).

1971 2nd quarter tritium results were as follows:

East Moline Water Treatment Plant –

540 ± 370 pCi/L;

Davenport Water Treatment Plant –

540 ± 370 pCi/L; and

Intake and Discharge Canal –

180 ± 370 pCi/L.

1971 3rd quarter tritium results were as follows:

East Moline Water Treatment Plant –

700 ± 230 pCi/L;

Davenport Water Treatment Plant –

730 ± 230 pCi/L; and

Intake and Discharge Canal –

590 ± 210 pCi/L.

1971 4th quarter tritium results were as follows:

East Moline Water Treatment Plant –

770 ± 200 pCi/L;

Davenport Water Treatment Plant –

850 ± 200 pCi/L;

Intake Canal –

610 ± 200 pCi/L; and

Discharge Canal –

420 ± 200 pCi/L.

DRINKING WATER DATA

Tritium concentrations in drinking water from the RadNet database for three Illinois

sampling stations (Chicago, Morris, and East Chicago) exhibit similar trends as the

precipitation and surface water data. As with the precipitation and surface water data,

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

the pre-1995 data has dampened out variances due to rounding the data to the nearest

100 pCi/L. The post-1995 results show tritium concentrations in samples of drinking

water were less than 100 pCi/L and less than the tritium concentrations found in

precipitation and surface water.

EXPECTED TRITIUM BACKGROUND FOR THE STATION

As reported in the GNIP and RadNet databases, tritium concentrations in U.S. Midwest

precipitation have typically been less than 100 pCi/L since 1980. Tritium concentrations

reported in the RadNet database for Illinois surface water and groundwater, at least

since 1995, have typically been less than 100 pCi/L. Based on the USEPA Region 5's

2004 to 2005 RadNet precipitation data, 95 percent of the ambient concentrations of

tritiated water in Illinois are expected to be less than 133 pCi/L, based on a 95 percent

confidence limit. Tritium concentrations in surface water and drinking water are

expected to be comparable or less based on historical data and trends.

Concentrations in groundwater similar to surface water and drinking water are expected

to be less than precipitation values. The lower groundwater concentrations are related

to the age of the groundwater as compared to the half-life of tritium. Deep aquifers near

crystalline basement rock, however, can potentially show elevated concentrations of

tritium due to lithogenic sources.

Based on the evaluation presented above, the background concentration for

the Station is reasonably represented by the LLD of 200 pCi/L.

IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL EXPOSURE

PATHWAYS AND POTENTIAL RECEPTORS

Two potential exposure pathways were considered during the evaluation of tritium in

potential groundwater migration on

and off the Station property to private and

public groundwater users; and

potential groundwater migration off the Station property to a surface water body.

The following section provides an overview of these two potential exposure pathways

for tritium in groundwater.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

POTENTIAL GROUNDWATER MIGRATION TO DRINKING

WATER USERS ON AND OFF THE STATION PROPERTY

Tritiated groundwater would migrate to the south-southwest and

the north-northwest

with groundwater flow away from the Station towards the Mississippi River.

The Station receives its potable water from the three potable wells on the property

#1, Well #5, and Fish House Well #10). The three potable wells are cased off

through the upper unconsolidated (sand) aquifer and are screened in the Dolomite

bedrock aquifer beneath the upper unconsolidated aquifer. Well #1 and Well #5 are

upgradient of the source area. Although tritium was detected in the Little Fish Well,

which is near the Fish House Well but screened in the upper unconsolidated aquifer,

tritium was not detected in the deeper Fish House Well; this proves that the Fish House

Well is isolated from the upper unconsolidated aquifer. The potable wells were sampled

as part of the investigation and did not contain tritium or other radionuclides above

background levels.

Although there is a potentially complete exposure pathway to these supply wells, there

is no current risk of exposure associated with groundwater ingestion at the Station.

Residences are present both north and south of the Station. Tritium was not detected in

wells installed adjacent to residential properties (MW-QC-115S and

Although there is a potentially complete exposure pathway to the residential wells,

there is no current risk of exposure associated with groundwater ingestion off

Station property.

GROUNDWATER MIGRATION TO SURFACE WATER

USERS OFF THE STATION PROPERTY

Under this potential exposure route groundwater would migrate from the Station

property to the Mississippi River. Potential exposures could occur if the

discharge to the surface water body was sufficient to increase tritium levels in the

Mississippi River to detectable levels above background. Based on the results of the

HIR, tritium has not migrated off the Station property at detectable concentrations.

Tritium was not detected in the groundwater samples collected adjacent to the

Mississippi River (STP Sand Point Well, MW-QC-112I, MW-QC-113I, and MW-QC-114I),

which is somewhat indicative of river water quality.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

This exposure pathway is incomplete as tritium was not detected above the LLD of

200 pCi/L in groundwater samples collected from monitoring wells installed adjacent to

the Mississippi River. Therefore, there is no current risk of exposure to surface water

users off the Station property.

SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL TRITIUM EXPOSURE PATHWAYS

There are two potential exposure pathways for tritium originating in or adjacent to the

groundwater migration off the Station property to private and public

groundwater users; and

potential groundwater migration off the Station property to a surface water body.

In summary, based upon the groundwater and surface water data provided and

referenced in this investigation, none of the potential

receptors are at risk of exposure to

concentrations of tritium in excess of USEPA drinking water standards (20,000 pCi/L).

OTHER RADIONUCLIDES

Target radionuclides were not detected in the groundwater and surface water samples at

concentrations greater than their respective LLDs. Other non-targeted radionuclides

were also included in the tables but excluded from discussion in this report. These

radionuclides were either a) naturally occurring and thus not produced by the Station,

or b) could be definitively evaluated as being naturally occurring due to the lack of

presence of other radionuclides which would otherwise indicate the potential of

production from the Station.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

CONCLUSIONS

Based on all of the studies completed to date at this Station, CRA concludes:

Groundwater Flow

Groundwater flow beneath the Station

fluctuates seasonally. Groundwater was

observed to flow to the south-southwest in May 2006 and toward the west in

July 2006. Station groundwater discharges to the Mississippi River. Groundwater

flows beneath the Station at a rate of approximately 6 to 54 feet per year.

flow at the Station is affected by the presence of a natural

paleochannel, the Meredosia Channel. The northern extent of this paleochannel runs

along the southern portion of the Station. The bedrock surface in this portion of the

Station drops more than 100 feet.

(basements/foundations) of the Reactor/Turbine Building structure, which was

constructed into the Niagaran Dolomite. This building is a barrier to local lateral

flow in the upper unconsolidated aquifer.

deeper bedrock water supply aquifers are not separated from the upper

unconsolidated aquifer.

Water from the Spray Canal enters the upper unconsolidated aquifer

in the northern

portion of the Station, and water drawn from the Little Fish Well is partially

recharged from the Spray Canal in this area of the Station.

Groundwater Quality

Gamma-emitting radionuclides associated

with licensed plant operations were not

detected at concentrations greater than their respective LLDs in the samples

collected as part of this investigation.

Strontium-89/90

was not detected at concentrations greater than the LLD of

2.0 pCi/L in any of the groundwater samples collected as part of this investigation.

was detected at concentrations greater than the LLD of 200 pCi/L in 11 of

the 32 groundwater samples collected as part of this investigation.

concentrations were identified in groundwater in two areas at the Station:

wells downgradient of AFE-Quad Cities-2 (including the Big Fish Well) and wells

downgradient of the Spray Canal (MW-2 and Little Fish Well).

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

All tritium concentrations appear to be related to historical releases at AFE-Quad

Cities-2. Tritium is present in wells south and southwest of AFE-Quad Cities-2,

including the Big Fish Well.

Tritium was not detected

in monitoring wells installed adjacent to the Mississippi

River at concentrations greater than the LLD of 200 pCi/L (STP Sand Point Well,

MW-QC-113I, and MW-QC-114I).

Tritium was not detected in the monitoring wells installed adjacent

properties at concentrations greater than the LLD of 200 pCi/L (MW-QC-115S and

Surface Water Quality

Gamma-emitting radionuclides associated

with licensed plant operations were not

detected at concentrations greater than their respective LLDs in the two surface

water samples collected as part of this investigation.

Strontium-89/90 was not detected at a concentration greater than the LLD

2.0 pCi/L in the two surface water samples collected as part of this investigation.

Tritium was detected at concentrations greater than the

LLD of 200 pCi/L in two

surface water locations, SW-QC-1 and SW-QC-2, at concentrations of 550

140 pCi/L, respectively.

The likely source of tritium in the

Spray Canal is historic releases associated with

AFE-Quad Cities-2.

AFE-Quad Cities-1 - Piping West of Radwaste Building/Floor Drain Surge Tank

Strontium-89/90

was not detected in the groundwater monitoring well at a

concentration greater than the LLD of 2.0 pCi/L in the vicinity of AFE-Quad Cities-1.

Gamma-emitting radionuclides associated

with licensed plant operations were not

detected at concentrations greater than their respective LLDs in the groundwater

monitoring well in the vicinity of AFE-Quad Cities-1.

Tritium was not detected at a concentration greater than the

LLD (200 pCi/L) in the

groundwater sample collected from new monitoring well MW-QC-103I located to

the southwest of this AFE area.

There is no impact to groundwater from AFE-Quad Cities-1.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

AFE-Quad Cities-2 - Historic Releases Area Near Station Blackout Building (SBO)

Strontium-89/90 was not detected at a concentration greater than the LLD

2.0 pCi/L in the groundwater monitoring wells in the vicinity of AFE-Quad Cities-2.

Gamma-emitting radionuclides associated

with licensed plant operations were not

detected in the groundwater monitoring wells at concentrations greater than their

respective LLDs in the vicinity of AFE-Quad Cities-2.

Tritium was detected in groundwater

samples from monitoring wells MW-QC-102S

(9,410 ± 655 pCi/L sample and 9,640 ± 660 pCi/L sample duplicate), MW-QC-102I

(32,600 ± 977 pCi/L

31,800 ± 972 pCi/L

MW-QC-102D (3,930J ±450 pCi/L), MW-QC-108S (1,460 ± 217 pCi/L), MW-QC-108I

(1,890J ±252 pCi/L),

(768J ±156 pCi/L),

(420J ±133 pCi/L); and from water supply well Big Fish Well (740 ± 152 pCi/L).

Water from the Big Fish Well fills the Spray Canal. Tritium was detected in Spray

surface water samples from sampling points SW-QC-1 (550 ± 143 pCi/L) and

SW-QC-2 (497 ± 140 pCi/L).

Spray Canal potentially recharges overburden groundwater downgradient of

the Spray Canal. Tritium was detected in water supply well Little Fish Well

(371 ± 134 pCi/L) and monitoring well MW-2 (250 ± 126 pCi/L).

Additional delineation of tritium in groundwater is not necessary.

There have been three historical releases that have influenced the AFE.

AFE-Quad Cities-3 - CCSTs and Ancillary Piping

Strontium-89/90

was not detected in the groundwater monitoring well at a

concentration greater than the LLD of 2.0 pCi/L in the vicinity of AFE-Quad Cities-3.

Gamma-emitting radionuclides associated

with licensed plant operation were not

detected at concentrations greater than their respective LLDs in the groundwater

monitoring well in the vicinity of AFE-Quad Cities-3.

Tritium was detected in the groundwater sample collected from new monitoring

well MW-QC-104S (262

pCi/L). This value is slightly greater than the LLD of

AFE-Quad Cities-4 - No. 1 Oil/Water Separator

Strontium-89/90

was not detected in the groundwater monitoring well at a

concentration greater than the LLD of 2.0 pCi/L in the vicinity of AFE-Quad Cities-4.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

Gamma-emitting radionuclides associated with licensed plant operations were not

detected at concentrations greater than their respective LLDs in the groundwater

monitoring well in the vicinity of AFE-Quad Cities-4.

Tritium was not detected at a concentration greater than the

LLD (200 pCi/L) in the

groundwater sample collected from new monitoring well MW-QC-105I located

immediately to the northeast of this AFE area.

There have been no impacts to groundwater from AFE-Quad Cities-4.

AFE-Quad Cities-5 - No. 2 Oil/Water Separator

Strontium-89/90

was not detected in the groundwater monitoring wells at a

concentration greater than the LLD of 2.0 pCi/L in the vicinity of AFE-Quad Cities-5.

Gamma-emitting radionuclides associated

with licensed plant operation were not

detected in the groundwater monitoring wells at concentrations greater than their

respective LLDs in the vicinity of AFE-Quad Cities-5.

Tritium was not detected at a concentration greater than the

LLD (200 pCi/L) in the

groundwater sample collected from monitoring wells MW-QC-106S and

MW-QC-106I located immediately southwest of this AFE area.

There is no impact to groundwater from AFE-Quad Cities-5.

Potential Receptors

Based on the results of this investigation, there is no current risk of exposure

radionuclides associated with licensed plant operations through any of the potential

exposure pathways.

General Conclusions

Based upon the results of this

investigation, there are no known active releases into

the groundwater at the Station.

Based on the results of this investigation, tritium

has not migrated off the Station

property at detectable concentrations.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

RECOMMENDATIONS

The following presents CRA's recommendations for proposed activities to be completed

at the Station.

Based on the results of this hydrogeologic investigation, there are no data gaps

remaining to support CRA’s conclusions regarding the characterization of the

groundwater regime and potential impacts from radionuclides at the Station.

GROUNDWATER MONITORING

Based upon the information collected to date, CRA recommends that Exelon conduct

periodic monitoring of selected sample locations.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

Aker, R., September 2003. Contaminated Soil Volumes for Decommissioning Cost

Estimates - Quad Cities Units 1 and 2.

Anderson, Richard C., 1980. Geology for Planning in Rock Island County, Illinois,

Circular 510, Illinois State Geological Survey, Urbana, Illinois.

Blume, J., 1966. Quad Cites Plant Design Analysis Report, Vol.

1, May 25, 1966, revised

August 18, 1966.

Brueckmann, J.E. and R.E. Bergstrom, 1968. Ground-Water Geology of the Rock Island,

Monmouth, Galesburg, and Kewanee Area, Illinois, Report of Investigations

Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, Illinois.

Conestoga-Rovers & Associates, 2002. Site Investigation Report for the Unit No.

Power Transformer Oil Spill, Quad Cities Power Generating Station, Cordova,

Illinois, prepared for Exelon Generation Company, LLC.

Conestoga-Rovers & Associates, May 2006. Hydrological

Investigation Work Plan,

Fleetwide Tritium Assessment, Quad Cities Generating Station, Cordova, Illinois,

prepared for Exelon Generation Company, LLC.

Eberline Instrument Corporation, 1968. Commonwealth Edison Company Quad-Cities

Nuclear Power Plant Environmental Monitoring Report, prepared

Commonwealth Edison Company.

Exelon, 2002. Quad Cities Nuclear Power Station, 2001 Annual Radiological

Environmental Operating Report.

Exelon, 2003. Quad Cities Nuclear Power Station, 2002 Annual Radiological

Environmental Operating Report.

Exelon, 2004. Quad Cities Nuclear Power Station, 2003 Annual Radiological

Environmental Operating Report.

Exelon, 2005. Quad Cities Generating Station Spill Prevention Control and

Countermeasure Plan (SPCC Plan),

Revision 13, Quad Cities Generating Station,

Cordova, Illinois, Exelon Generation Company, LLC.

Exelon, 2005. Quad Cities Nuclear Power Station, 2004 Annual Radiological

Environmental Operating Report.

McGinnis, L.D. and P.C. Heigold, 1974. A Seismic Refraction Survey of the Meredosia

Area of Northwestern Illinois, Circular 488, Illinois Geological Survey,

Urbana, Illinois.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

M.J. Barcelona,

April 1996. Low-Flow

EPA/540/S-92/005, R.S. Kerr Environmental Research Center, United States

Environmental Protection Agency, Ada, Oklahoma.

UFSAR, 2005. Updated Final Safety Analysis Report, Revision 8, Quad Cities

Generating Station, Cordova, Illinois. Chapter 2.0.

USEPA, May 1996. "Soil Screening Guidance Technical Background Document", Office

of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC EPA/540/R95/128.

USGS, 1996. Robert T. Kay, Richard F. Duwelius,

Timothy A. Brown, Frederick A.

Micke, and Carol A. Witt-Smith, Geohydrology, Water Levels and Directions of

Flow, and Occurrence of Light Nonaqueous-Phase Liquids on Ground Water in

Northwestern Indiana and the Lake Calumet Area of Northeastern Illinois,

U.S. Geological Survey, De Kalb, Illinois.

USNRC, 2004. Generic Environmental Impact Statement for License Renewal of

Plants, Supplement 16, Regarding Quad Cities Nuclear Power Station, Units 1

and 2, Final Report, June 2004, by United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

Willman, H.B. et al., 1975. Handbook of Illinois Stratigraphy, Bulletin 95, Illinois State

Geological Survey, Champaign, Illinois.

045136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CONESTOGA-ROVERS & ASSOCIATES

FIGURE 1.2 STATION BOUNDARIES

FIGURE 2.1 STATION BASE MAP

FIGURE 2.6 WATER WELL

FIGURE 3.1 AREAS FOR FURTHER

FIGURE 3.2 HISTORICAL RELEASE

LOCATIONS FOR AFE QUAD CITIES 2

FIGURE 4.1 GROUNDWATER AND

SURFACE WATER MONITORING

FIGURE 5.1 GEOLOGIC CROSS-

SECTION LOCATIONS

FIGURE 5.6 POTENTIOMETRIC

SURFACE CONTOURS – MAY 2006

FIGURE 5.7 POTENTIOMETRIC

SURFACE CONTOURS – JULY 2006

FIGURE 5.8 TRITIUM

CONCENTRATIONS -

GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE

FIGURE 5.9 RADIONUCLIDE

CONCENTRATIONS -

GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE

FIGURE 6.2 TRITIUM PLUME MAP

Reference

Groundwater

Groundwater

Elevation

Elevation

Elevation

(ft AMSL)

(1)

(ft below Reference) (ft below Reference)

(ft AMSL)

(ft below Reference)

(ft AMSL)

Shallow Wells

Intermediate Wells

(1) ft AMSL - feet above mean sea level

(2) NI - not installed

May 30, 2006

July 26, 2006

SUMMARY OF GROUNDWATER ELEVATIONS

FLEETWIDE ASSESSMENT

QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

CRA 45136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

CRA 45136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

WATER SUPPLY WELL INFORMATION

CRA 45136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

MONITORING WELL LOGS

CL-CLAY, some fine sand, trace fine gravel,

SW-SAND, fine to medium grained, brown,

- damp at 16.0ft BGS

- saturated at 25.0ft BGS

END OF BOREHOLE @ 27.5ft BGS

Screened interval:

577.10 to 567.10ft AMSL

17.00 to 27.00ft BGS

579.10 to 566.60ft AMSL

15.00 to 27.50ft BGS

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: January 8, 2002

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: J. HARGENS

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 6/7/06

MONITORING WELL

asphalt and gravel

SW-SAND, trace fine gravel, fine to medium

grained, brown, dry

- damp at 20.0ft BGS

- gray, wet at 23.0ft BGS

END OF BOREHOLE @ 27.5ft BGS

Screened interval:

576.70 to 566.70ft AMSL

17.00 to 27.00ft BGS

578.70 to 566.20ft AMSL

15.00 to 27.50ft BGS

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: January 9, 2002

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: J. HARGENS

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 6/7/06

MONITORING WELL

SW-SAND, fine to medium grained, brown,

- trace fine rounded gravel at 18.0ft BGS

- gray, saturated at 23.0ft BGS

END OF BOREHOLE @ 27.5ft BGS

Screened interval:

576.80 to 566.80ft AMSL

17.00 to 27.00ft BGS

578.80 to 566.30ft AMSL

15.00 to 27.50ft BGS

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: January 9, 2002

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: J. HARGENS

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 6/7/06

MONITORING WELL

FILL-coarse gravel

SP-SAND, fine grained, loose, brown, slightly

- trace medium and coarse sand and fine

gravel at 17.0ft BGS

- percent of medium and coarse grained sand

and fine gravel decreases at 18.0ft BGS

- saturated at 22.0ft BGS

- dense at 24.0ft BGS

- loose to compact at 26.0ft BGS

DOLOMITE, fractured, clayey, yellow-tan

END OF BOREHOLE @ 40.0ft BGS

Auger refusal at 40.0 ft BGS

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: May 3, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: P. KLICK

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 6/7/06

MONITORING WELL

Screened interval:

559.58 to 554.58ft AMSL

35.00 to 40.00ft BGS

561.58 to 554.58ft AMSL

33.00 to 40.00ft BGS

Material: 20/40 SAND

FILL-coarse gravel

SP-SAND, fine grained, loose, brown, slightly

- trace medium and coarse sand and fine

gravel at 17.0ft BGS

- percent of medium and coarse grained sand

and fine gravel decreases at 18.0ft BGS

- saturated at 22.0ft BGS

- dense at 24.0ft BGS

- loose to compact at 26.0ft BGS

END OF BOREHOLE @ 29.0ft BGS

Screened interval:

576.52 to 566.52ft AMSL

18.00 to 28.00ft BGS

579.02 to 565.52ft AMSL

15.50 to 29.00ft BGS

Material: 20/40 SAND

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: May 3, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: P. KLICK

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 6/7/06

MONITORING WELL

SP-SAND, trace gravel, fine to medium

grained, dense, brown/tan, slightly moist

- very dense, moist at 12.0ft BGS

- trace clay at 14.0ft BGS

- very hard, some dolomite rock at 17.0ft BGS

- dense at 20.0ft BGS

- coarse sand with gravel, very dense,

saturated at 22.0ft BGS

- dense at 24.0ft BGS

- fine to medium grained, compact at 26.0ft

- coarse sand with gravel at 32.0ft BGS

- no recovery from 36.0 to 38.0ft BGS

- loose, no recovery from 38.0 to 40.0ft BGS

- compact at 40.0ft BGS

- dense, some large rock at 46.0ft BGS

END OF BOREHOLE @ 50.0ft BGS

Screened interval:

550.76 to 545.76ft AMSL

44.00 to 49.00ft BGS

553.76 to 544.76ft AMSL

41.00 to 50.00ft BGS

Material: 20/40 SAND

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: May 5, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: T. PRANGER

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 6/7/06

MONITORING WELL

SP-SAND, trace gravel, fine to medium

grained, dense, brown/tan, slightly moist

- very dense, moist at 12.0ft BGS

- trace clay at 14.0ft BGS

- very hard, some dolomite rock at 17.0ft BGS

- dense at 20.0ft BGS

- coarse sand with gravel, very dense,

saturated at 22.0ft BGS

- dense at 24.0ft BGS

- fine to medium grained, compact at 26.0ft

END OF BOREHOLE @ 30.0ft BGS

Screened interval:

575.69 to 565.69ft AMSL

19.00 to 29.00ft BGS

577.69 to 564.69ft AMSL

17.00 to 30.00ft BGS

Material: 20/40 SAND

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: May 8, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: T. PRANGER

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 6/7/06

MONITORING WELL

SP-SAND, trace gravel, fine to medium

grained, dense, brown/tan, slightly moist

- very dense, moist at 12.0ft BGS

- trace clay at 14.0ft BGS

- very hard, some dolomite rock at 17.0ft BGS

- dense at 20.0ft BGS

- coarse sand with gravel, very dense,

saturated at 22.0ft BGS

- dense at 24.0ft BGS

- fine to medium grained, compact at 26.0ft

- coarse sand with gravel at 32.0ft BGS

- no recovery from 36.0 to 38.0ft BGS

- loose, no recovery from 38.0 to 40.0ft BGS

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: June 20, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: J. HARGENS

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 8/6/06

MONITORING WELL

- compact at 40.0ft BGS

- dense, some large rock at 46.0ft BGS

SW-SAND, fine to coarse grained, dense, gray

SP-SAND, some fine to coarse gravel, trace

clay, fine to medium grained, brown, wet

END OF BOREHOLE @ 70.0ft BGS

Auger refusal at 70.0 ft BGS

Screened interval:

529.80 to 524.80ft AMSL

65.00 to 70.00ft BGS

531.80 to 524.80ft AMSL

63.00 to 70.00ft BGS

Material: NATURAL SAND

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: June 20, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: J. HARGENS

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 8/6/06

MONITORING WELL

SP-SAND, trace gravel, fine grained,

compact, brown, damp

- loose at 16.0ft BGS

- wet at 20.0ft BGS

END OF BOREHOLE @ 35.0ft BGS

Screened interval:

564.39 to 559.39ft AMSL

30.00 to 35.00ft BGS

567.39 to 559.39ft AMSL

27.00 to 35.00ft BGS

Material: 20/40 SAND

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: May 10, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: N. ZIEGLER

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 6/7/06

MONITORING WELL

SW-SAND, trace fine gravel, medium to

coarse grained sand, subangular to

subrounded gravel, compact brown, damp

- wet at 20.0ft BGS

- very dense at 26.0ft BGS

END OF BOREHOLE @ 30.0ft BGS

Screened interval:

576.07 to 566.07ft AMSL

18.00 to 28.00ft BGS

578.07 to 566.07ft AMSL

16.00 to 28.00ft BGS

Material: 20/40 SAND

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: May 11, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: N. ZIEGLER

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 7/11/06

MONITORING WELL

SP-SAND, fine to medium grained, some

coarse grains, very loose to loose, brown/tan,

- dense from 22.0 to 24.0ft BGS

- compact at 28.0ft BGS

- no recovery from 40.0 to 42.0ft BGS

- large rock at 44.0ft BGS

END OF BOREHOLE @ 50.0ft BGS

Screened interval:

548.11 to 543.11ft AMSL

45.00 to 50.00ft BGS

551.11 to 543.11ft AMSL

42.00 to 50.00ft BGS

Material: 20/40 SAND

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: May 9, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: T. PRANGER

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 6/7/06

MONITORING WELL

SP-SAND, very loose to loose, medium

grained, fine to coarse grained, brown/tan,

- saturated at 20.0ft BGS

- loose to compact at 30.0ft BGS

- large rock or bedrock at 39.0ft BGS

END OF BOREHOLE @ 40.0ft BGS

Screened interval:

559.00 to 554.00ft AMSL

35.00 to 40.00ft BGS

562.00 to 554.00ft AMSL

32.00 to 40.00ft BGS

Material: 20/40 SAND

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: May 10, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: T. PRANGER

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 6/7/06

MONITORING WELL

SP-SAND, very loose to loose, medium

grained, fine to coarse grained, brown/tan,

- saturated at 20.0ft BGS

END OF BOREHOLE @ 27.0ft BGS

Screened interval:

576.79 to 566.79ft AMSL

17.00 to 27.00ft BGS

578.79 to 566.79ft AMSL

15.00 to 27.00ft BGS

Material: 20/40 SAND

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: May 10, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: T. PRANGER

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 6/7/06

MONITORING WELL

grass and topsoil

SP-SAND, fine grained, loose, brown, slightly

SW-SAND, fine to medium grained, trace

coarse grained, brown, moist

SP-SAND, fine grained, loose, brown, moist

- wet at 20.0ft BGS

- compact at 23.0ft BGS

- trace coarse gravel at 27.0ft BGS

- saturated at 31.0ft BGS

- weathered dolomite, tan (2" layer) at 32.8ft

SW-SAND, fine to coarse grained, brown,

DOLOMITE, weathered, clayey, gray,

tan at 34.6ft BGS

END OF BOREHOLE @ 39.0ft BGS

Auger refusal at 39.0 ft BGS

Screened interval:

577.62 to 567.62ft AMSL

29.00 to 39.00ft BGS

580.62 to 567.62ft AMSL

26.00 to 39.00ft BGS

Material: 20/40 SAND

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: May 2, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: P. KLICK

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 6/7/06

MONITORING WELL

SP-SAND, fine to medium grained, trace

gravel, very loose, brown, dry

- loose, moist at 16.0ft BGS

- with coarse sand, compact at 18.0ft BGS

- no coarse sand, trace gravel at 20.0ft BGS

- fine grained at 22.0ft BGS

- loose at 24.0ft BGS

- compact at 26.0ft BGS

- trace gravel at 28.0ft BGS

- saturated at 32.0ft BGS

- gravel, coarse sand, loose at 34.0ft BGS

END OF BOREHOLE @ 40.0ft BGS

Screened interval:

577.14 to 567.14ft AMSL

29.50 to 39.50ft BGS

579.14 to 566.64ft AMSL

27.50 to 40.00ft BGS

Material: 20/40 SAND

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: May 15, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: T. PRANGER

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 6/7/06

MONITORING WELL

SP-SAND, fine to medium grained, trace

gravel, very loose, brown, dry

- loose, moist at 16.0ft BGS

- with coarse sand, compact at 18.0ft BGS

- no coarse sand, trace gravel at 20.0ft BGS

- fine grained at 22.0ft BGS

- loose at 24.0ft BGS

- compact at 26.0ft BGS

- trace gravel at 28.0ft BGS

- saturated at 32.0ft BGS

- gravel, coarse sand, loose at 34.0ft BGS

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: June 13, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: J. HARGENS

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 8/6/06

MONITORING WELL

SW-SAND, trace medium gravel, fine to

coarse grained, brown, wet

END OF BOREHOLE @ 62.0ft BGS

Screened interval:

550.41 to 545.41ft AMSL

56.00 to 61.00ft BGS

552.41 to 544.41ft AMSL

54.00 to 62.00ft BGS

Material: NATURAL SAND

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: June 13, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: J. HARGENS

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 8/6/06

MONITORING WELL

END OF BOREHOLE @ 39.0ft BGS

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: July 13, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: N. ZIEGLER

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 8/6/06

MONITORING WELL

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: July 13, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: N. ZIEGLER

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 8/6/06

MONITORING WELL

Screened interval:

559.93 to 554.93ft AMSL

34.00 to 39.00ft BGS

561.93 to 554.93ft AMSL

32.00 to 39.00ft BGS

Material: 20/40 SAND

END OF BOREHOLE @ 29.5ft BGS

Screened interval:

574.43 to 564.43ft AMSL

19.50 to 29.50ft BGS

576.43 to 564.43ft AMSL

17.50 to 29.50ft BGS

Material: 20/40 SAND

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: July 12, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: N. ZIEGLER

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 8/10/06

MONITORING WELL

SP-SAND, coarse grained, trace medium

grained sand and fine subangular to

subrounded gravel, brown, damp, loose

- wet at 33.0ft BGS

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: July 11, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: N. ZIEGLER

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 8/10/06

MONITORING WELL

- increasing fine gravel at 45.0ft BGS

END OF BOREHOLE @ 50.0ft BGS

Screened interval:

560.20 to 555.20ft AMSL

45.00 to 50.00ft BGS

563.20 to 555.20ft AMSL

42.00 to 50.00ft BGS

Material: 20/40 SAND

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: July 11, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: N. ZIEGLER

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 8/10/06

MONITORING WELL

SW-SAND, medium-coarse sand, loose, well

graded, medium-light brown, damp-moist

SP-SAND, medium grained, poorly graded,

loose, light brown, dry

- coarse grained at 25.5ft BGS

- wet at 28.0ft BGS

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: July 12, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: J. Close

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 8/10/06

MONITORING WELL

- trace fine gravel at 38.5ft BGS

- trace coarse gravel at 45.5ft BGS

END OF BOREHOLE @ 50.0ft BGS

Screened interval:

571.74 to 566.74ft AMSL

45.00 to 50.00ft BGS

573.74 to 566.74ft AMSL

43.00 to 50.00ft BGS

Material: #7 SAND

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: July 12, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: J. Close

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 8/10/06

MONITORING WELL

SP-SAND, loose, poorly graded, medium

grained, slightly moist

- some coarse sand at 15.0ft BGS

- coarse grained at 18.5ft BGS

- wet at 23.5ft BGS

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: July 10, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: J. Close

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 8/10/06

MONITORING WELL

- trace fine gravel at 38.5ft BGS

END OF BOREHOLE @ 50.0ft BGS

Screened interval:

557.99 to 552.99ft AMSL

44.00 to 49.00ft BGS

559.99 to 551.99ft AMSL

42.00 to 50.00ft BGS

Material: #7 SAND

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: July 10, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: J. Close

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 8/10/06

MONITORING WELL

SW-SAND, loose, medium-coarse grained,

well graded, slightly moist

- 1/4" coarse sand layer at 20.0ft BGS

SP-SAND, trace medium sand and fine gravel,

loose, coarse grained, poorly graded, moist

- increase in fine gravel, wet at 33.5ft BGS

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: July 11, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: J. Close

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 8/10/06

MONITORING WELL

- layer of fine gravel at 45.5ft BGS

END OF BOREHOLE @ 50.0ft BGS

Screened interval:

558.99 to 553.99ft AMSL

44.50 to 49.50ft BGS

560.49 to 553.49ft AMSL

43.00 to 50.00ft BGS

Material: #7 SAND

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: July 11, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: J. Close

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 8/10/06

MONITORING WELL

FILL, wood, sand, gravel, black coarse sand,

SP-SAND, coarse grained, loose, trace fine

subangular-subrounded gravel, brown, damp

- wet at 32.0ft BGS

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: July 10, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: N. ZIEGLER

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 8/10/06

MONITORING WELL

END OF BOREHOLE @ 50.0ft BGS

Screened interval:

559.22 to 554.22ft AMSL

45.00 to 50.00ft BGS

562.22 to 554.22ft AMSL

42.00 to 50.00ft BGS

Material: 20/40 SAND

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: July 10, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: N. ZIEGLER

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 8/10/06

MONITORING WELL

SP-SAND, loose, medium grained, poorly

graded, light brown, dry

- trace coarse sand at 20.2ft BGS

SW-SAND, medium-coarse grained, loose,

well graded, brown, dry

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: July 13, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: J. Close

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 8/10/06

MONITORING WELL

- moist at 33.5ft BGS

- wet at 35.0ft BGS

- thin layer of gravel at 37.0ft BGS

END OF BOREHOLE @ 40.0ft BGS

Screened interval:

577.23 to 567.23ft AMSL

30.00 to 40.00ft BGS

579.23 to 567.23ft AMSL

28.00 to 40.00ft BGS

Material: #7 SAND

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: July 13, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: J. Close

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 8/10/06

MONITORING WELL

SP-SAND, medium grained, poorly graded,

loose, brown, dry

- trace coarse sand at 18.5ft BGS

SW-SAND, medium-coarse grained, loose,

well graded, brown, dry

- trace fine gravel at 33.5ft BGS

- wet at 38.0ft BGS

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: July 13, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: J. Close

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 8/10/06

MONITORING WELL

END OF BOREHOLE @ 44.0ft BGS

Screened interval:

575.58 to 565.58ft AMSL

34.00 to 44.00ft BGS

577.58 to 565.58ft AMSL

32.00 to 44.00ft BGS

Material: #7 SAND

STRATIGRAPHIC AND INSTRUMENTATION LOG

PROJECT NAME: QUAD CITIES GENERATING STATION

PROJECT NUMBER: 45136-28

CLIENT: EXELON GENERATION COMPANY LLC

LOCATION: CORDOVA, ILLINOIS

HOLE DESIGNATION:

STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION & REMARKS

MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS MAY CHANGE; REFER TO CURRENT ELEVATION TABLE

DATE COMPLETED: July 13, 2006

DRILLING METHOD: 4-1/2" HSA

FIELD PERSONNEL: J. Close

OVERBURDEN LOG 45136-28.GPJ CRA_CORP.GDT 8/10/06

MONITORING WELL

CRA 45136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM – TELEDYNE BROWN ENGINEERING, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

KNOXVILLE QAM SECTION INTRODUCTION

QUALITY SYSTEM

Quality System Structure

Quality System Objectives

Personnel Orientation, Training, and Qualification

ORGANIZATION, AUTHORITY, AND RESPONSIBILITY

PERSONNEL ORIENTATION, DATA INTEGRITY, TRAINING,

AND QUALIFICATION

CUSTOMER INTERFACES

Interface Personnel

Bid Requests and Tenders

TBE’s Expectation of Customers

Customer Satisfaction

Customer Complaints

Customer Confidentiality

DOCUMENTATION GENERATION AND CONTROL

New Documentation

Documentation Changes

TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued

Documentation Lists and Distributions

Other Documentation

Documentation Reviews

DESIGN OF LABORATORY CONTROLS

Technical Processes and Methods

Operational Flow

Data Reduction and Analysis

Verification of Technical Processes, Methods, and Software

Operational Flow Verification

Method Verifications

Data Reduction and Analysis Verification

Design of Quality Controls

Demonstration of Capability (D of C)

Process Control Checks

Counting Instrument Controls

PURCHASING AND SUBCONTRACT CONTROLS

Source Selection

Procurement of Supplies and Support Services

Catalog Supplies

Support Services

Equipment and Software

Subcontracting of Analytical Services

Acceptance of Items or Services

TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued

TEST SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL

Sample Identification

SPECIAL PROCESSES, INSPECTION, AND TEST

Special Processes

Inspections and Tests

10.2.1 Intra Laboratory Checks (QC Checks)

10.2.2 Inter Laboratory Checks

10.2.3 Data Reviews

Control of Sampling of Samples

Reference Standards / Material

10.4.1 Weights and Temperatures

10.4.2 Radioactive Materials

EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE AND CALIBRATION

Support Equipment

Nonconformances and Corrective Actions

NONCONFORMANCE CONTROLS

Responsibility and Authority

10CFR21 Reporting

TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued

CORRECTIVE AND PREVENTIVE ACTIONS

Corrective Actions

Preventive Actions

RESULTS ANALYSIS AND REPORTING

Type of Records

Storage and Retention

Destruction or Disposal

ASSESSMENTS

Management Reviews

REVISION HISTORY

Complete re-write

January 1, 2005

Updated organization

chart, minor change to

1.0, 4.4, 7.5.3.2,

10.2.3, and 12.3

Knoxville QAM Section Introduction

This Quality Assurance Manual (QAM) and related Procedures describes the

Knoxville Environmental Services Laboratory’s QA system. This system is designed

to meet multiple quality standards imposed by Customers and regulatory agencies

NRC’s 10 CFR 50 Appendix B

NRC’s Regulatory Guide 4.15

DOE’s Order 414.1

NELAC Standard, Chapter 5

The Environmental Services (ES) Laboratory does low level radioactivity

analyses for Power Plants and other customers. It primarily analyzes environmental

samples (natural products from around plants such as milk), in-plant samples (air

filters, waters), bioassay samples from customer’s employees, and waste disposal

samples (liquids and solids).

Potable and non-potable water samples are tested using methods based on

EPA standards as cited in State licenses (see Procedure 4010). The listing [current

as of initial printing of this Manual – see current index for revision status and

additions / deletions] of implementing Procedures (SOPs) covering Administration,

Methods, Counting Instruments, Technical, Miscellaneous, and LIMS is shown in

Table 1-1. Reference to these Procedures by number is made throughout this QAM.

Administrative Procedures

Validation and Verification of Computer Programs for Radiochemistry Data

Organization and Responsibility

Control, Retention, and Disposal of Quality Assurance Records

Job Descriptions

Training and Certifications

Procedure and Document Control

Calibration System

Nonconformance Controls

10CFR21 Reporting

Corrective Action and Preventive Action

Internal Audits and Management Reviews

RFP, Contract Review, and Order Entry (formerly 4001)

Procurement Controls

Method Procedures

Alpha Isotopic and Plutonium-241

Carbon-14 Activity in Various Matrices

Carbon-14 and Tritium in Soils, Solids, and Biological Samples; Harvey

Oxidizer Method

Cerium-141 and Cerium-144 by Radiochemical Separation

Cesium-137 by Radiochemical Separation

Iron-55 Activity in Various Matrices

Gamma Emitting Radioisotope Analysis

Gross Alpha and/or Gross Beta Activity in Various Matrices

Gross Beta Minus Potassium-40 Activity in Urine and Fecal Samples

Tritium and Carbon-14 Analysis by Liquid Scintillation

Tritium Analysis in Drinking Water by Liquid Scintillation

Radioiodine in Various Matrices

Radionickel Activity in Various Matrices

Phosphorus-32 Activity in Various Matrices

Lead-210 Activity in Various Matrices

Radium-226 Analysis in Various Matrices

Total Radium in Water Samples

Radiostrontium Analysis by Chemical Separation

Radiostrontium Analysis by Ion Exchange

Sulfur-35 Analysis

Technetium-99 Analysis by Eichrom Resin Separation

Total Uranium Analysis by KPA

Compositing of Samples

Dry Ashing of Environmental Samples

Preparation and Standardization of Carrier Solutions

Radioactive Reference Standard Solutions and Records

Glassware Washing and Storage

Moisture Content of Various Matrices

Polonium-210 Activity in Various Matrices

Promethium-147 Analysis

Instrument Procedures

Calibration and Control of Gamma-Ray Spectrometers

Calibration of Alpha Spectrometers

Calibration and Control of Alpha and Beta Counting Instruments

Calibration and Control of Liquid Scintillation Counters

Calibration and Operation of pH Meters

Balance Calibration and Check

Negative Results Evaluation Policy

Use and Maintenance of Mechanical Pipettors

Microwave Digestion System Use and Maintenance

Technical Procedures

QC Checks on Data

Sample Regent and Control

Data Package Preparation and Reporting

Blank, Spike, and Duplicate Controls

Inter-Laboratory Comparison Study Process

Method Basis and Initial Validation Process

State Certification Process

Accuracy, Precision, Efficiency, and Bias Controls and Data Quality Objectives

Facility Operation and Control

Documentation of Analytical Laboratory Logbooks (formerly 1002)

Total Propagated Uncertainty (formerly 1004)

Instrument Calibration System

Radioactive Reference Material Standards

Miscellaneous Procedures

Laboratory Hood Operations

Operation and Maintenance of Deionized Water System

Waste Management

Acid Neutralization and Purification System Operation Procedure

LIMS Raw Data Processing and Reporting

Software Development and/or Pilots of COTS Packages

Software Change and Version Control

Backup of Data and System Files

Disaster Recovery Plan

LIMS User Access

QUALITY SYSTEM

The TBE-ES QA system is designed to comply with multiple customer- and

regulatory agency-imposed specifications related to quality. This quality system

applies to all activities of TBE-ES that affect the quality of analyses performed by the

The TBE quality policy, given in Company Policy P-501, is “TBE will

continually improve our processes and effectiveness in providing products and

services that exceed our customer’s expectations.”

This policy is amplified by this Laboratory’s commitment, as attested to by the

title page signatures, to perform all work to good professional practices and to

deliver high quality services to our customers with full data integrity. (See Section

4.0 and Procedure 1005).

Quality System Structure

The Quality System is operated by the organizations described in Section 3.0

of this Manual. The Quality System is described in this Manual and in the

Procedures Manual, both of which are maintained by the QA Manager. Procedures

are divided into 6 sections – Administrative, Methods, Equipments, Technical,

Miscellaneous, and LIMS. This Manual is structured as shown in the Table of

Contents and refers to Procedures when applicable.

Cross references to the

various imposed quality specifications are contained in Appendices to this Manual.

Quality System Objectives

The Quality System is established to meet the objective of assuring all

operations are planned and executed in accordance with system requirements. The

Quality System also assures that performance evaluations are performed (see

Procedure 4006), and that appropriate verifications are performed (see Procedures

in the 1000 and 4000 series) to further assure compliance. Verification includes

examination of final reports (prior to submittal to customers) to determine their

quality (see Procedure 4004).

To further these objectives, various in-process assessments of data, as well

as assessments of the system, via internal audits and management reviews, are

performed. Both internal experts and customer / regulatory agencies perform further

assessments of the system and compliance to requirements.

Personnel Orientation, Training, and Qualification

TBE provides indoctrination and training to employees and performs

proficiency evaluation of technical personnel. This effort is described in Section 4.0.

ORGANIZATION, AUTHORITY, AND RESPONSIBILITY

TBE has established an effective organization for conducting laboratory

analyses at the Knoxville Environmental Services Laboratory.

organization is shown in Figure 3-1. Detail organization charts with names,

authorities, and responsibilities are given in Procedure 1002. Job descriptions are

given in Procedure 1006.

This organization provides clearly established Quality Assurance authorities,

duties, and functions. QA has the organizational freedom needed to:

Identify problems

Stop nonconforming work

Initiate investigations

Recommend corrective and preventive actions

Provide solutions or recommend solutions

Verify implementation of actions

All Laboratory personnel have the authority and resources to do their

assigned duties and have the freedom to act on problems. The QA personnel have

direct, independent access to Company management as shown in Figure 3-1.

Figure 3.1. Laboratory Organization

Administration & QA

Product Assurance

4.0 PERSONNEL ORIENTATION, DATA INTEGRITY, TRAINING, AND

QUALIFICATION

Orientation

All laboratory personnel must receive orientation to the quality program if their

work can affect quality. Orientation includes a brief review of customer- and

regulatory agency-imposed quality requirements, the structure of the QAM, and the

implementing procedures. The goal of orientation is to cover the nature and goals of

the QA program.

Data Integrity

The primary output of the Laboratory is data. Special emphasis and training

in data integrity is given to all personnel whose work provides or supports data

delivery. The Laboratory Data Integrity Procedure (Procedure 1005) describes

training, personnel attestations, and monitoring operations. Annual reviews are

The Quality Assurance Manager (QAM) maintains a training matrix indicating

which laboratory personnel need training in which specific Procedures. This matrix

is updated when personnel change or change assignments. All personnel are

trained per these requirements and procedures. This training program is described

in Procedure 1007. The assigned responsibilities for employees are described in

Procedure 1002 (See Section 3.0) on Organization and in Procedure 1006, Job

Descriptions. Refresher training or re-training is given annually as appropriate.

Qualification

Personnel are qualified as required by their job description. Management and

non-analysts are evaluated based on past experience, education, and

management’s assessment of their capabilities. Formal qualification is required of

analysts and related technical personnel who perform laboratory functions. Each

applicable person is given training and then formally evaluated by the Operations

Manager (or his designees) and by QA. Each analyst must initially demonstrate

capability to perform each assigned analytical effort. Each year, thereafter, he or

she must perform similar analyses on Interlab Comparison Samples (see Procedure

4006) or on equivalent blanks and spikes samples. Acceptable results extend

qualifications (certification). Unacceptable results require retraining in the subject

method / Procedures. (See Procedure 1007 for added information, records, forms,

Records of training subjects, contents, attendees, instructors, and

certifications are maintained by QA.

CUSTOMER INTERFACES

Interface Personnel

The Laboratory has designated Program Managers as the primary interface

with all customers. Other interfaces may be the QA Manager or the Lab Operations

Bid Requests and Tenders

The Program Managers respond to customer requests for bids and proposals

per Procedure 1014 for bids, proposals, and contract reviews. They clarify customer

requests so both the customer and the lab staff understand requests. As responses

are developed, internal reviews are conducted to ensure that requirements are

adequately defined and documented and to verify that the Laboratory has adequate

resources in physical capabilities, personal skills, and technical information to

perform the work. Accreditation needs are reviewed. If subcontracts are required to

perform any analysis, the subcontractor is similarly evaluated and the client notified

in writing of the effort. Most qualifications are routine with standard pricing and the

review of these quotes is performed by the Program Manager. Larger or more

complex quotes are reviewed by the Operations Manager and the QA Manager (or

designees). Evidence of review is by initialing and dating applicable papers,

signatures on quotations, or by memo.

The Program Manager’s receive contract awards (oral or written) and

generate the work planning for initiation preparation (charge numbers, data structure

or contents in LIMS, etc.). They review contracts for possible differences from

quotations and, if acceptable, contracts are processed. Documentation of the review

is by initials and date as a minimum. Contract changes receive similar reviews and

TBE’s Expectation of Customers

TBE expects customers to provide samples suitable for lab analysis. These

expectations include:

Accurate and unambiguous identification of samples

Proper collection and preservation of samples

Use of appropriate containers free from external and internal

Integrity preservation during shipment and timely delivery of samples that

are age sensitive

Adequate sized samples that allow for retest, if needed

Specification of unique MOA/MDC requirements

Alerting the lab about abnormal samples (high activity, different chemical

contents, etc.)

Chain of custody initiation, when required.

Customer Satisfaction

TBE’s quality policy centers on customer satisfaction (See 2.0). TBE will

work to satisfy customers through full compliance with contract requirements,

providing accurate data and properly responding to any questions or complaints.

Customers are provided full cooperation in their monitoring of Laboratory

performance. Customers are notified if any applicable State Accreditation is

withdrawn, revoked, or suspended.

5.5.1 Customer Complaints

Any customer complaints are documented and tracked to closure. Most

complaints concern analysis data and are received by Program Managers. They

log each such complaint, order retests for verification, and provide documented

results to customers. Complaints may also be received by QA or Operations.

If complaints are other than re-test type, the nonconformance and corrective

action systems (Sections 12 and 13) are used to resolve them and record all actions

5.5.2 Customer Confidentiality

All laboratory personnel maintain confidentiality of customer-unique

DOCUMENTATION GENERATION & CONTROL

The documentation generation and control system is detailed in Procedure

1008. An overview is given below. The basic quality system documents are

described in Section 2.0.

New Documentation

Each Procedure and this QAM is written by appropriate personnel, validated if

applicable (see Section 7.0), reviewed for adequacy, completeness, and

correctness, and, if acceptable, accepted by the authorized approver [QA Manager,

Operations Manager (or their designee)]. Both approvals are required if a Procedure

affects both QA and Operations. (See Responsibilities in Section 3.0).

procedures control the quality measurements and their accuracy.

Each document carries a unique identification number, a revision level, dates,

page numbers and total page count, and approver identification and sign off. If TBE

writes code for software, the software is version identified and issued after

Verification and Validation per Section 7.0.

Documentation Changes

Each change is reviewed in the same manner and by the same people as

new documentation. Revision identifications are updated and changes indicated by

side bars, italicized words, or by revision description when practical. Obsolete

revisions are maintained by QA after being identified as obsolete.

Documentation Lists and Distributions

Computer indexes of documents are maintained by Quality showing the

current authorized revision level of each document. These revisions are placed on

the Laboratory server and obsolete ones are removed so that all personnel have

only the current documents. If hard copies are produced and distributed, separate

distribution lists are maintained indicating who has them and their revision level(s).

Copies downloaded off the server are uncontrolled unless verified by the user (on

the computer) to be the latest revision.

Other Documentation

In addition to TBE-generated documentation, QA maintains copies of

applicable specifications, regulations, and standard methods.

Documentation Reviews

Each issued document is reviewed at least every third year by the approving

personnel. This review determines continued suitability for use and compliance with

DESIGN OF LABORATORY CONTROLS

The Laboratory and its operating procedures are designed specifically for low

level (environmental and in-plant) radioactive sample analysis. The various aspects

of the laboratory design include the following which are discussed in subsequent

paragraphs of this Section:

(b) Technical Processes and Methods

(c) Verification of Design of Processes, Methods, and Software.

(d) Design of Quality Controls

(e) Counting Instrument Controls

The facility was designed and built in 2000 to facilitate correct performance of

operations in accordance with good laboratory practices and regulatory

requirements. It provides security for operations and samples. It separates sample

storage areas based on activity levels, separates wet chemistry from counting

instrumentation for contamination control, and provides space and electronic

systems for documentation, analysis, and record storage. Procedure 4014 describes

the facility, room uses, layouts, etc.

Technical Processes and Methods

7.3.1 Operational Flow

The laboratory design provides for sample receipt and storage (including

special environmental provisions for perishable items) where samples are received

from clients and other labs (see Section 9.0). The samples are logged into the

computer based Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) and receive

unique identification numbers and bar code labels. (See Procedure 4017 for LIMS

description and user procedures). The Program Managers then plan the work and

assure LIMS contains any special instructions to analysts. Samples then go to

sample preparation, wet chemistry (for chemical separation), and counting based on

the radionuclides. See Procedures in the 2000 and 3000 series. Analysts perform

the required tasks with data being entered into logbooks, LIMS, and counting

equipment data systems as appropriate. Results are collected and reviewed by the

Operations Manager and Program Managers and reports to clients are generated

(See Section 14.0). All records (electronic or hard copy) are maintained in files or in

back-up electronic copies (see Section 15.0). After the required hold periods and

client notification and approval, samples are disposed of in compliance with

regulatory requirements (see Procedures 5003 and 5004).

7.3.2 Methods

The laboratory methods documented in the 2000 and 3000 series of

Procedures were primarily developed by senior TBE laboratory personnel based on

years of experience at our prior facility in New Jersey. They have been improved,

supplemented and implemented here. Where EPA or other accepted national

methods exist (primarily for water analyses under State certification programs - see

Procedure 4010), the TBE methods conform to the imposed requirements or State

accepted alternate requirements. Any method modifications are documented and

described in the Procedure. There are no nationally recognized methods for most

other analysis methods but references to other method documents are noted where

7.3.3 Data Reduction and Analysis

Whenever possible automatic data capture and computerized data reduction

programs are used. Calculations are either performed using commercial software

(counting system operating systems) or TBE developed and validated software is

used (see 7.4 below). Analysis of reduced data is performed as described in Section

14.0 and Procedure 4004.

Verification of Technical Processes, Methods, and Software

7.4.1 Operational Flow Verification

The entire QA Manual and related procedures describe the verification of

elements of the technical process flow and the establishment of quality check points,

reviews, and controls.

7.4.2 Method Verifications

Methods are verified and validated per Procedure 4007 prior to use unless

otherwise agreed to by the client. For most TBE methods initial validation occurred

well in the past. New or significantly revised Methods receive initial validation by

demonstration of their performance using known analytes (NIST traceable) in

appropriate matrices. Sufficient samples are run to obtain statistical data that

provides evidence of process capability and control, establishes detection levels

(see procedure 4009), bias and precision data (see Procedure 4011). All method

procedures and validation data are available to respective clients. Also see Section

7.5 below for the Demonstration of Capability program.

7.4.3 Data Reduction and Analysis Verification

Data reduction and analysis verification is performed by personnel who did

not generate the data. (See Section 14.0).

Design of Quality Controls

7.5.1 General

There are multiple quality controls designed into the laboratory operations.

Many of these are described elsewhere in this manual and include personnel

qualification (Section 4.0), Document control (6.0), Sample identification and control

(9.0), Use of reference standards (10.0), intra- and inter- laboratory tests (10.0), etc.

This Section describes the basic quality control systems used to verify Method

capability and performance.

7.5.2 Demonstration of Capability (D of C)

The demonstration of capability system verifies and documents that the

method, analyst, and the equipment can perform within acceptable limits. The D of C

is certified for each combination of analyte, method, and instrument type. D of C's

are certified based on objective evidence at least annually. This program is

combined with the analyst D of C program (See Section 4.0). Initial D of C's use the

method validation effort as covered above. Subsequent D of C's use Inter-

Laboratory samples (Procedure 4006) or, if necessary, laboratory generated

samples using NIST traceable standards. If results are outside of control limits, re-

demonstration is required after investigation and corrective action is accomplished

(See Sections 12.0 and 13.0)

7.5.3 Process Control Checks

Process control checks are designed to include Inter-Lab samples, Intra-lab

QC check samples, and customer provided check samples. 10% of laboratory

analysis samples are for process control purposes.

7.5.3.1 Inter- Lab Samples.

Inter-lab samples are procured or

obtained from sources providing analytes of interest in matrices similar to normal

client samples. These samples may be used for Demonstration of Capability of

analyst's, equipment and methods. They also provide for independent insight into

the lab's process capabilities. Any value reported as being in the warning zone (over

2 sigma) is reviewed and improvements taken. Any value failing (over 3 sigma) is

documented on an NCR and formal investigation per Section 12.0 and 13.0 is

performed. If root causes are not clearly understood and fixed, re-tests are required

using lab prepared samples (See Procedure 4006).

7.5.3.2 QC Samples.

QC samples, along with Inter-lab samples and

customer check samples, are 10% of the annual lab workload for the applicable

analyte and method. If batch processing is used, some specifications require specific

checks with each batch or each day rather than as continuous process controls.

(See Procedure 4005)

QC samples consist of multiple types of samples including:

(a) Method blanks

(b) Blank spikes

(c) Matrix spikes

(e) Tracers and carriers

Acceptance limits for these samples are given in Procedures or in lab

standards. The number, frequency, and use of these sample types varies with the

method, matrix, and supplemental requirements. The patterns of use versus method

and the use of the resulting test data is described in Procedure 4005.

7.5.3.3 Customer Provided Check Samples.

provide blind check samples and duplicates to aid in their evaluation of the

Laboratory. When the lab is notified that samples are check samples their results are

included in the QC sample percentage counts. Any reported problems are treated as

formal complaints and investigated per Section 5.

Counting Instrument Controls

The calibration of instruments is their primary control and is described in

Section 11.0. In addition, counting procedures (3000 series) also specify use of

background checks (method blank data is not used for this) to evaluate possible

counting equipment contamination. Instrument calibration checks using a lab

standard from a different source than the one used for calibration are also used.

Background data can be used to adjust client and test data. Checks with lab

standards indicate potential calibration changes.

PURCHASING AND SUBCONTRACT CONTROLS

Procurement and Subcontracts efforts use the Huntsville-based Cost Point

computer system to process orders.

The Laboratory-generated Purchase

Requisitions are electronically copied into Purchase Orders in Huntsville. The

Laboratory also specifies sources to be used. Procured items and services are

received at the Laboratory where receiving checks and inspections are made.

Laboratory Procedure 1015 provides details on the procurement control system at

the Laboratory and references the Huntsville procedures as applicable.

Source Selection

Sources for procurements of items and services are evaluated and approved

by QA as described in Procedure 1015. Nationally recognized catalog item sources

are approved by the QA Manager based on reputation. Maintenance services by an

approved distributor or the equipment manufacturing company are pre-approved.

Sources for other services are evaluated by QA, based on service criticality to the

quality system, by phone, mail out, or site visit.

Subcontract sources for laboratory analysis services are only placed with

accredited laboratories (by NELAP, NUPIC, State, Client, etc.) as applicable for the

type of analysis to be performed. QA maintains lists of approved vendors and

records of evaluations performed.

Procurement of Supplies and Support Services

8.3.1 Catalog Supplies

The Laboratory procures reagents, processing chemicals, laboratory

“glassware,” consumables, and other catalog items from nationally known vendors

and to applicable laboratory grades, purities, concentrations, accuracy levels, etc.

Purchase Requisitions for these items specify catalog numbers or similar call-outs

for these off-the-shelf items. Requisitions are generated by the personnel in the lab

needing the item and are approved by the Operations or Production Manager.

Reagents are analytical reagent grade only.

8.3.2 Support Services

Purchase Requisitions for support services (such as balance

calibration, equipment maintenance, etc.) are processed as in 8.3.1 but technical

requirements are specified and reviewed before approvals are given.

8.3.3 Equipment and Software

Purchase Requisitions for new equipment, software programs, and

major facility modifications affecting the quality system are reviewed and approved

by the Operations Manager and the QA Manager.

Subcontracting of Analytical Services

When necessary, the Laboratory may subcontract analytical services required

by a client. This may be because of special needs, infrequency of analysis, etc.

Applicable quality and regulatory requirements are imposed in the Purchase

Requisition and undergo a technical review by QA. TBE reserves the right of access

by TBE and our client for verification purposes.

Acceptance of Items or Services

Items and services affecting the quality system are verified at receipt based

on objective evidence supplied by the vendor. Supply items are reviewed by the

requisitioner and, if acceptable, are accepted via annotation on the vendor packing

list or similar document. Similarly, equipment services are accepted by the

requisitioning lab person. Calibration services are accepted by QA based on

certification reviews. (See Section 11.0.)

Data reports from analytical subcontractors are evaluated by Program

Managers and subsequently by the Operations Manager (or designee) as part of

client report reviews.

Items are not used until accepted and if items or services are rejected, QA is

notified and nonconformance controls per Section 12.0 are followed. Vendors may

be removed from the approved vendor’s list if their performance is unacceptable.

TEST SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL

Sample Identification

Incoming samples are inspected for customer identification, container

condition, chain of custody forms, and radioactivity levels. If acceptable, the sample

information is entered into LIMS which generates bar coded labels for attachment to

the sample(s). The labels are attached and samples stored in the assigned location.

If environmental controls are needed (refrigeration, freezing, etc.), the samples are

placed in these storage locations. If not acceptable, the Program Manager is

notified, the customer contacted, and the problem resolved (return of sample, added

data receipts, etc.). See Procedure 4003 for more information on sample receipt.

The LIMS is used to schedule work, provide special information to analysts,

and record all actions taken on samples. See Procedure 4017 and the 6000 series

of procedures for more information on LIMS operations.

Sample Control

The sample, with its bar coded label, is logged out to the applicable lab

operation where the sample is processed per the applicable methods (Procedures

2000 and 3000). The LIMS-assigned numbers are used for identification through all

operations to record data. Data is entered into LIMS, log books (kept by the

analysts) or equipment data systems to record data. The combination of LIMS,

logbooks, and equipment data systems provide the Chain of Custody data and

document all actions taken on samples. Unused sample portions are returned to its

storage area for possible verification use. Samples are discarded after required time

limits are passed and after client notification and approval, if required.

10.0 SPECIAL PROCESSES, INSPECTION, AND TEST

10.1 Special Processes

The Laboratory’s special processes are the methods used to analyze a

sample and control equipment. These methods are defined in Procedures in the

2000 and 3000 series. These processes are performed to the qualified methods

(see Section 7.0) by qualified people (see 4.0).

10.2 Inspections and Tests

The quality of the process is monitored by indirect means. This program

involves calibration checks on counting equipments (see Section 11.0), intra-

laboratory checks, and inter-laboratory checks. In addition, some customers submit

quality control check samples (blinds, duplicates, external reference standards). All

generated data gets independent reviews.

10.2.1 Intra Laboratory Checks (QC Checks)

The quantity and types of checks varies with the method, but basic checks

which may include blanks, spiked blanks, matrix spikes, matrix spike duplicates, and

duplicates are used as appropriate for customer samples. This process is described

in Procedure 4005 and in Section 7.0.

10.2.2 Inter Laboratory Checks

TBE participates in Inter-lab performance evaluation (check) programs with

multiple higher level labs. These programs provide blind matrices for the types of

matrix/analyte combinations routinely processed by the Lab, if available. This

program is described in Procedure 4006.

10.2.3 Data Reviews

Raw data and reports are reviewed by the Operations Manager, or

This review checks for data logic, expected results, procedure

compliance, etc. (See Section 14.0).

10.3 Control of Sampling of Samples

Samples for analysis are supplied by customers preferably in quantities

sufficient to allow re-verification analyses if needed. The samples are prepared for

analysis by analysts and then an aliquot (partial sample extraction) is taken from the

homogeneous customer sample for the initial analysis. Methods specify standard

volumes of sample material required. Sampling data is recorded in LIMS and/or

10.4 Reference Standards / Material

10.4.1 Weights and Temperatures

Reference standards are used by the Laboratory’s calibration vendor to

calibrate the Labs working instruments measuring weights and thermometers.

10.4.2 Radioactive Materials

Reference radioactive standards, traceable to NIST, are procured from higher

level laboratories. These reference materials are maintained in the standards area

and are diluted down for use by laboratory analysts. All original and diluted volumes

are fully traceable to source, procedure, analyst, dilution, and acquisition dates. See

Section 11.0 and Procedure 1009.

11.0 EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE AND CALIBRATION

11.1 General

There are two types of equipment used by the Laboratory:

equipment (scales, glassware, weights, thermometers, etc.) and instruments for

counting. Standards traceable to NIST are used for calibration and are of the

needed accuracy for laboratory operations. Procedures 1009, 4018, and 4019

describe the calibration and maintenance programs.

11.2 Support Equipment

Analytical support equipment is purchased with the necessary accuracies and

appropriate calibration data. If needed, initial calibration by the Laboratory or its

calibration vendor is performed. Recalibration schedules are established and

equipment recalibrated by the scheduled date by a calibration vendor or by

Laboratory personnel. Maintenance is performed, as needed, per manufacturer’s

manuals or lab procedures.

In addition to calibrations and recalibrations, checks are made on the

continued accuracy of items as described in Procedure 1009. Records are

maintained of calibration and specified checks.

11.3 Instruments

Instruments receive initial calibration using radioactive sources traceable to

NIST. The initial calibration establishes statistical limits of variation that are used to

set control limits for future checks and recalibration. This process is described in

Procedure 4018. Instruments are maintained per Instrument Manual requirements.

Recalibrations are performed per the Procedure.

Between calibrations, check sources are used to assure no significant

changes have occurred in the calibration of items. Background checks are

performed to check for possible radioactive contamination. Background values are

used to adjust sample results. Hardware and software are safeguarded from

adjustments that could invalidate calibrations or results.

11.4 Nonconformances and Corrective Actions

If calibrations or checks indicate a problem, the nonconformance system

(Section 12.0) and corrective action system (Section 13.0) are initiated to document

the problem and its resolution. Equipment is promptly removed from service if

11.5 Records

Records of calibrations are maintained.

Calibration certificates from

calibration vendors are maintained by QA. Other calibration data and check data is

maintained in log books, LIMS, or instrument software as appropriate and as

described in Procedures 1009, 4018, and 4019.

12.0 NONCONFORMANCE CONTROLS

12.1 General

The nonconformance control system is implemented whenever a

nonconforming condition on any aspect of Laboratory analysis, testing, or results

exist. The system takes graded actions based on the nature and severity of the

nonconformance. Nonconforming items or processes are controlled to prevent

inadvertent use. Nonconformances are documented and dispositioned. Notification

is made to affected organizations, including clients. Procedure 1010 describes the

procedures followed. Sample results are only reported after resolution.

12.2 Responsibility and Authority

Each Laboratory employee has the responsibility to report nonconformances

and the authority to stop performing nonconforming work or using nonconforming

equipment. Laboratory supervision can disposition and take corrective actions on

minor problems.

Any significant problem is documented by QA using the

Laboratory’s NCR system per Procedure 1010. QA conducts or assures the conduct

of cause analyses, disposition of items or data, and initiation of corrective action if

the nonconformance could recur.

12.3 10CFR21 Reporting

The QA Manager reviews NCRs for possible need of customer and/or NRC

notification per the requirements of 10CFR21. Procedure 1011 is followed in this

review and for any required reporting.

13.0 CORRECTIVE AND PREVENTIVE ACTIONS

13.1 General

The Laboratory takes corrective actions on significant nonconformances (see

Section 12.0). It also initiates preventive and improvement actions per the Company

Quality Policy (see Section 2.0). The procedures for Corrective Action/Preventive

Action systems are contained in Procedure 1012.

13.2 Corrective Actions

Corrective actions are taken by Operations and Quality to promptly correct

significant conditions adverse to quality. The condition is identified and cause

analysis is performed to identify root causes. Solutions are evaluated and the

optimum one selected that will prevent recurrence, can be implemented by the

Laboratory, allows the Laboratory to meet its other goals, and is commensurate with

the significance of the problem. All steps are documented, action plans developed

for major efforts, and reports made to Management. QA verifies the implementation

effectiveness. Procedure 1012 provides instructions and designates authorities and

responsibilities.

13.3 Preventive Actions

Preventive actions are improvements intended to reduce the potential for

nonconformances. Possible preventive actions are developed from suggestions

from employees and from analysis of Laboratory technical and quality systems by

management. If preventive actions or improvements are selected for investigation,

the issues, investigation, recommendations, and implementation actions are

documented. Follow up verifies effectiveness.

14.0 RESULTS ANALYSIS AND REPORTING

14.1 General

The Laboratory’s role is to provide measurement-based information to clients

that is technically valid, legally defensible, and of known quality.

14.2 Results Review

The results obtained from analytical efforts are collected and reviewed by the

Operations Manager and the Program Manager.

This review verifies the

reasonableness and consistency of the results. It includes review of sample and the

related QC activity data. Procedure 4002 describes the process. Any deficiencies

are corrected by re-analyses, recalculations, or corrective actions per Sections 12.0

and 13.0. Use of the LIMS with its automatic data loading features (see Procedure

4017) minimizes the possibility of transcription or calculation errors.

14.3 Reports

Reports range from simple results reporting to elaborate analytical reports

based on the client requirements and imposed specifications and standards. (See

Procedure 4004.) Reports present results accurately, clearly, unambiguously,

objectively, and as required by the applicable Method(s).

Reports include

reproduction restrictions, information on any deviations from methods, and any

needed data qualifiers based on QC data. If any data is supplied by analytical

subcontractors (see Section 8.0), it is clearly identified and attributed to that

Laboratory by either name or accreditation number.

If results are faxed or transmitted electronically, confidentiality statements are

included in case of receipt by other than the intended client.

Reports are approved by the Program Manager and Operations Manager and

record copies kept in file (See Section 15.0).

15.0 RECORDS

15.1 General

The Laboratory collects generated data and information related to quality or

technical data and maintains them as records. Records are identified, prepared,

reviewed, placed in storage, and maintained as set forth in Procedure 1003.

15.2 Type of Records

All original observations, calculations, derived data, calibration data, and test

reports are included. In addition QA data such as audits, management reviews,

corrective and preventive actions, manuals, and procedures are included.

15.3 Storage and Retention

Records are stored in files after completion in the lab. Files are in specified

locations and under the control of custodians. Filing systems provide for retrieval.

Electronic files are kept on Company servers (with regular back up) or on media

stored in fireproof file cabinets. Records are kept in Laboratory files for at least 2

years after the last entry and then in Company files for another year as a minimum.

Some customers specify larger periods – up to 7 years – which is also met. Generic

records supporting multiple customers are kept for the longest applicable period.

15.4 Destruction or Disposal

Records may be destroyed after the retention period and after client

notification and acceptance, if required. If the Laboratory closes, records will go in to

company storage in Huntsville unless otherwise directed by customers. If the

Laboratory is sold, either the new owner will accept record ownership or the records

will go into Company storage as stated above.

16.0 ASSESSMENTS

16.1 General

Assessments consist of internal audits and management reviews as set forth

in Procedure 1013.

16.2 Audits

Internal audits are planned, performed at least annually on all areas of the

quality system, and are performed by qualified people who are as independent as

possible from the activity audited.

(The Laboratory’s small size inhibits full

independence in some technical areas.) Audits are coordinated by the Quality

Manager who assures audit plans and checklists are generated and the results

documented. Reports include descriptions of any findings and provide the auditor’s

assessment of the effectiveness of the audited activity. Report data includes

personnel contacted.

Audit findings are reviewed with management and corrective actions agreed

to and scheduled. Follow up is performed by QA to verify accomplishment and

effectiveness of the corrective action.

16.3 Management Reviews

The Annual Quality Assurance Report, prepared for some clients, is the

Management Review vehicle. These reports cover audit results, corrective and

preventive actions, external assessments, and QC and inter-laboratory performance

checks. The report is reviewed with Management by the QA Manager for the

continued suitability of the Quality Program and its effectiveness. Any needed

improvements are defined, documented, and implemented. Follow ups are made to

verify implementation and effectiveness.

CRA 45136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

LABORATORY ANALYTICAL REPORTS

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CRA 45136 (20) Quad Cities Generating Station

DATA VALIDATION MEMORANDUM