| IN THE MATTER OF: | ) | |
| ) | R04-3 | |
| SDWA UPDATE, USEPA AMENDMENTS | ) (Identical-in-Substance | |
| (January 1, 2003 though June 30, 2003) | ) Rulemaking - Public Water Supply) | |
| 611.100 | Purpose, Scope, and Applicability |
| 611.101 | Definitions |
| 611.102 | Incorporations by Reference |
| 611.103 | Severability |
| 611.107 | Agency Inspection of PWS Facilities |
| 611.108 | Delegation to Local Government |
| 611.109 | Enforcement |
| 611.110 | Special Exception Permits |
| 611.111 | Relief Equivalent to SDWA Section 1415(a) Variances |
| 611.112 | Relief Equivalent to SDWA Section 1416 Exemptions |
| 611.113 | Alternative Treatment Techniques |
| 611.114 | Siting Requirements |
| 611.115 | Source Water Quantity |
| 611.120 | Effective Dates |
| 611.121 | Maximum Contaminant Levels and Finished Water Quality |
| 611.125 | Fluoridation Requirement |
| 611.126 | Prohibition on Use of Lead |
| 611.130 | Special Requirements for Certain Variances and Adjusted Standards |
| 611.131 | Relief Equivalent to SDWA Section 1415(e) Small System Variance |
| 611.160 | Composite Correction Program |
| 611.201 | Requiring a Demonstration |
| 611.202 | Procedures for Agency Determinations |
| 611.211 | Filtration Required |
| 611.212 | Groundwater under Direct Influence of Surface Water |
| 611.213 | No Method of HPC Analysis |
| 611.220 | General Requirements |
| 611.230 | Filtration Effective Dates |
| 611.231 | Source Water Quality Conditions |
| 611.232 | Site-Specific Conditions |
| 611.233 | Treatment Technique Violations |
| 611.240 | Disinfection |
| 611.241 | Unfiltered PWSs |
| 611.242 | Filtered PWSs |
| 611.250 | Filtration |
| 611.261 | Unfiltered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping |
| 611.262 | Filtered PWSs: Reporting and Recordkeeping |
| 611.271 | Protection during Repair Work |
| 611.272 | Disinfection Following Repair |
| 611.276 | Recycle Provisions |
| 611.280 | Point-of-Entry Devices |
| 611.290 | Use of Point-of-Use Devices or Bottled Water |
| 611.295 | General Requirements |
| 611.296 | Acrylamide and Epichlorohydrin |
| 611.297 | Corrosion Control |
| 611.300 | Old MCLs for Inorganic Chemical Contaminants |
| 611.301 | Revised MCLs for Inorganic Chemical Contaminants |
| 611.310 | Old Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for Organic Chemical Contaminants |
| 611.311 | Revised MCLs for Organic Chemical Contaminants |
| 611.312 | Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs) |
| 611.313 | Maximum Residual Disinfectant Levels (MRDLs) |
| 611.320 | Turbidity (Repealed) |
| 611.325 | Microbiological Contaminants |
| 611.330 | Maximum Contaminant Levels for Radionuclides |
| 611.331 | Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity (Repealed) |
| 611.350 | General Requirements |
| 611.351 | Applicability of Corrosion Control |
| 611.352 | Corrosion Control Treatment |
| 611.353 | Source Water Treatment |
| 611.354 | Lead Service Line Replacement |
| 611.355 | Public Education and Supplemental Monitoring |
| 611.356 | Tap Water Monitoring for Lead and Copper |
| 611.357 | Monitoring for Water Quality Parameters |
| 611.358 | Monitoring for Lead and Copper in Source Water |
| 611.359 | Analytical Methods |
| 611.360 | Reporting |
| 611.361 | Recordkeeping |
| 611.380 | General Requirements |
| 611.381 | Analytical Requirements |
| 611.382 | Monitoring Requirements |
| 611.383 | Compliance Requirements |
| 611.384 | Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements |
| 611.385 | Treatment Technique for Control of Disinfection Byproduct (DBP) Precursors |
| 611.480 | Alternative Analytical Techniques |
| 611.490 | Certified Laboratories |
| 611.491 | Laboratory Testing Equipment |
| 611.500 | Consecutive PWSs |
| 611.510 | Special Monitoring for Unregulated Contaminants (Repealed) |
| 611.521 | Routine Coliform Monitoring |
| 611.522 | Repeat Coliform Monitoring |
| 611.523 | Invalidation of Total Coliform Samples |
| 611.524 | Sanitary Surveys |
| 611.525 | Fecal Coliform and E. Coli Testing |
| 611.526 | Analytical Methodology |
| 611.527 | Response to Violation |
| 611.531 | Analytical Requirements |
| 611.532 | Unfiltered PWSs |
| 611.533 | Filtered PWSs |
| 611.560 | Turbidity |
| 611.591 | Violation of a State MCL |
| 611.592 | Frequency of State Monitoring |
| 611.600 | Applicability |
| 611.601 | Monitoring Frequency |
| 611.602 | Asbestos Monitoring Frequency |
| 611.603 | Inorganic Monitoring Frequency |
| 611.604 | Nitrate Monitoring |
| 611.605 | Nitrite Monitoring |
| 611.606 | Confirmation Samples |
| 611.607 | More Frequent Monitoring and Confirmation Sampling |
| 611.608 | Additional Optional Monitoring |
| 611.609 | Determining Compliance |
| 611.610 | Inorganic Monitoring Times |
| 611.611 | Inorganic Analysis |
| 611.612 | Monitoring Requirements for Old Inorganic MCLs |
| 611.630 | Special Monitoring for Sodium |
| 611.631 | Special Monitoring for Inorganic Chemicals (Repealed) |
| 611.640 | Definitions |
| 611.641 | Old MCLs |
| 611.645 | Analytical Methods for Organic Chemical Contaminants |
| 611.646 | Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V Volatile Organic Contaminants |
| 611.647 | Sampling for Phase I Volatile Organic Contaminants (Repealed) |
| 611.648 | Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V Synthetic Organic Contaminants |
| 611.650 | Monitoring for 36 Contaminants (Repealed) |
| 611.657 | Analytical Methods for 36 Contaminants (Repealed) |
| 611.658 | Special Monitoring for Organic Chemicals (Repealed) |
| 611.680 | Sampling, Analytical, and other Requirements (Repealed) |
| 611.683 | Reduced Monitoring Frequency (Repealed) |
| 611.684 | Averaging (Repealed) |
| 611.685 | Analytical Methods (Repealed) |
| 611.686 | Modification to System (Repealed) |
| 611.687 | Sampling for THM Potential (Repealed) |
| 611.688 | Applicability Dates (Repealed) |
| 611.720 | Analytical Methods |
| 611.731 | Gross Alpha |
| 611.732 | Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity |
| 611.733 | General Monitoring and Compliance Requirements |
| 611.740 | General Requirements |
| 611.741 | Standards for Avoiding Filtration |
| 611.742 | Disinfection Profiling and Benchmarking |
| 611.743 | Filtration |
| 611.744 | Filtration Sampling Requirements |
| 611.745 | Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements |
| 611.830 | Applicability |
| 611.831 | Monthly Operating Report |
| 611.832 | Notice by Agency (Repealed) |
| 611.833 | Cross Connection Reporting |
| 611.840 | Reporting |
| 611.851 | Reporting MCL, MRDL, and other Violations (Repealed) |
| 611.852 | Reporting other Violations (Repealed) |
| 611.853 | Notice to New Billing Units (Repealed) |
| 611.854 | General Content of Public Notice (Repealed) |
| 611.855 | Mandatory Health Effects Language (Repealed) |
| 611.856 | Fluoride Notice (Repealed) |
| 611.858 | Fluoride Secondary Standard (Repealed) |
| 611.860 | Record Maintenance |
| 611.870 | List of 36 Contaminants (Repealed) |
| 611.881 | Purpose and Applicability |
| 611.882 | Compliance Dates |
| 611.883 | Content of the Reports |
| 611.884 | Required Additional Health Information |
| 611.885 | Report Delivery and Recordkeeping |
| 611.901 | General Public Notification Requirements |
| 611.902 | Tier 1 Public Notice: Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice |
| 611.903 | Tier 2 Public Notice: Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice |
| 611.904 | Tier 3 Public Notice: Form, Manner, and Frequency of Notice |
| 611.905 | Content of the Public Notice |
| 611.906 | Notice to New Billing Units or New Customers |
| 611.907 | Special Notice of the Availability of Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Results |
| 611.908 | Special Notice for Exceedence of the Fluoride Secondary Standard |
| 611.909 | Special Notice for Nitrate Exceedences above the MCL by a Non-Community Water System |
| 611.910 | Notice by the Agency on Behalf of a PWS |
| 611.950 | General Requirements |
| 611.951 | Finished Water Reservoirs |
| 611.952 | Additional Watershed Control Requirements for Unfiltered Systems |
| 611.953 | Disinfection Profile |
| 611.954 | Disinfection Benchmark |
| 611.955 | Combined Filter Effluent Turbidity Limits |
| 611.956 | Individual Filter Turbidity Requirements |
| 611.957 | Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements |
| 611.Appendix A | Regulated Contaminants |
| 611.Appendix B | Percent Inactivation of G. Lamblia Cysts |
| 611.Appendix C | Common Names of Organic Chemicals |
| 611.Appendix D | Defined Substrate Method for the Simultaneous Detection of Total Coliforms and Eschericia Coli from Drinking Water |
| 611.Appendix E | Mandatory Lead Public Education Information for Community Water Systems |
| 611.Appendix F | Mandatory Lead Public Education Information for Non-Transient Non-Community Water Systems |
| 611.Appendix G | NPDWR Violations and Situations Requiring Public Notice |
| 611.Appendix H | Standard Health Effects Language for Public Notification |
| 611.Appendix I | Acronyms Used in Public Notification Regulation |
| 611.Table A | Total Coliform Monitoring Frequency |
| 611.Table B | Fecal or Total Coliform Density Measurements |
| 611.Table C | Frequency of RDC Measurement |
| 611.Table D | Number of Lead and Copper Monitoring Sites |
| 611.Table E | Lead and Copper Monitoring Start Dates |
| 611.Table F | Number of Water Quality Parameter Sampling Sites |
| 611.Table G | Summary of Section 611.357 Monitoring Requirements for Water Quality Parameters |
| 611.Table Z | Federal Effective Dates |
| Section 611.101 | Definitions |
| Section 611.102 | Incorporations by Reference |
| a) | Abbreviations and short-name listing of references. The following names and abbreviated names, presented in alphabetical order, are used in this Part to refer to materials incorporated by reference: |
| b) | The Board incorporates the following publications by reference: |
| c) | The Board incorporates the following federal regulations by reference: |
| d) | This Part incorporates no later amendments or editions. |
| Section 611.110 | Special Exception Permits |
| a) | Unless otherwise specified, each Agency determination in this Part is to be made by way of a written permit pursuant to Section 39(a) of the Act [415 ILCS 5/39(a)]. Such permit is titled a “special exception” permit (“SEP”). |
| c) | The supplier may appeal the denial of or the conditions of a SEP to the Board pursuant to Section 40 of the Act [415 ILCS 5/40]. |
| e) | The Agency must evaluate a request for a SEP from the monitoring requirements of Section 611.601, 611.602, or 611.603 (IOCs, excluding the Section 611.603 monitoring frequency requirements for cyanide); Section 611.646(e) and (f) (Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs); Section 611.646(d), only as to initial monitoring for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene; Section 611.648(d) (for Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs); or Section 611.510 (for unregulated organic contaminants) on the basis of knowledge of previous use (including transport, storage, or disposal) of the contaminant in the watershed or zone of influence of the system, as determined pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 671. |
| 1) | If the Agency determines that there was no prior use of the contaminant, it must grant the SEP; or |
| 2) | If the contaminant was previously used or the previous use was unknown, the Agency must consider the following factors: |
| B) | The proximity of the system to any possible point source of contamination (including spills or leaks at or near a water treatment facility; at manufacturing, distribution, or storage facilities; from hazardous and municipal waste land fills; or from waste handling or treatment facilities) or non-point source of contamination (including the use of pesticides and other land application uses of the contaminant); |
| C) | The environmental persistence and transport of the contaminant; |
| D) | How well the water source is protected against contamination, including whether it is a SWS or a GWS. |
| i) | A GWS must consider well depth, soil type, well casing integrity, and wellhead protection; and |
| E) | For Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs |
| ii) | The use of PCBs in equipment used in the production, storage, or distribution of water (including pumps, transformers, etc.); and |
| F) | For Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs (pursuant to Section 611.646): the number of persons served by the PWS and the proximity of a smaller system to a larger one. |
| f) | If a supplier refuses to provide any necessary additional information requested by the Agency, or if a supplier delivers any necessary information late in the Agency’s deliberations on a request, the Agency may deny the requested SEP or grant the SEP with conditions within the time allowed by law. |
| g) | The Agency must grant a supplier a SEP that allows it to discontinue monitoring for cyanide if it determines that the supplier’s water is not vulnerable due to a lack of any industrial source of cyanide. |
| Section 611.125 | Fluoridation Requirement |
| Section 611.126 | Prohibition on Use of Lead |
| a) | In general. Prohibition. Any pipe, any pipe or plumbing fitting or fixture, any solder or any flux must be lead free, as defined by subsection (b) of this Section, if it is used |
| 1) | Any PWS; or |
| 2) | Any plumbing in a residential or nonresidential facility providing water for human consumption that is connected to a PWS. This subsection (a) does not apply to leaded joints necessary for the repair of cast iron pipes. |
| b) | Definition of lead free. For purposes of this Section, the term “lead free” means as follows: |
| 1) | When used with respect to solders and flux, refers to solders and flux containing not more than 0.2 percent lead; |
| 2) | When used with respect to pipes and pipe fittings, refers to pipes and pipe fittings containing not more than 8.0 percent lead; and |
| 3) | When used with respect to plumbing fittings and fixtures that are intended by the manufacturer to dispense water for human ingestion, refers to plumbing fittings and fixtures in compliance with NSF Standard 61, section 9, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102. |
| Section 611.130 | Special Requirements for Certain Variances and Adjusted Standards |
| Relief from the fluoride MCL. | |
| 1) | In granting any variance or adjusted standard to a supplier that is a CWS from the maximum contaminant level for fluoride listed in Section 611.301(b), the Board will require application of the best available technology (BAT) identified at subsection (b)(4) of this Section for that constituent as a condition to the relief, unless the supplier has demonstrated through comprehensive engineering assessments that application of BAT is not technically appropriate and technically feasible for that supplier. |
| 2) | The Board will require the following as a condition for relief from the fluoride MCL where it does not require the application of BAT: |
| A) | That the supplier continue to investigate the following methods as an alternative means of significantly reducing the level of fluoride, according to a definite schedule: |
| i) | A modification of lime softening; |
| ii) | Alum coagulation; |
| iii) | Electrodialysis; |
| iv) | Anion exchange resins; |
| v) | Well field management; |
| vi) | The use of alternative sources of raw water; and |
| vii) | Regionalization; and |
| B) | That the supplier report results of that investigation to the Agency. |
| 3) | The Agency must petition the Board to reconsider or modify a variance or adjusted standard, pursuant to Subpart I of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 101, if it determines that an alternative method identified by the supplier pursuant to subsection (b)(2) of this Section is technically feasible and would result in a significant reduction in fluoride. |
| 4) | Best available technology for fluoride reduction is as follows: |
| A) | Activated alumina absorption centrally applied; and |
| B) | Reverse osmosis centrally applied. |
| Relief from an IOC, VOC, or SOC MCL. | |
| 1) | In granting to a supplier that is a CWS or NTNCWS any variance or adjusted standard from the maximum contaminant levels for any VOC or SOC, listed in Section 611.311(a) or (c), or for any IOC, listed in Section 611.301, the supplier must have first applied the best available technology (BAT) identified at Section 611.311(b) (VOCs and SOCs) or Section 611.301(c) (IOCs) for that constituent, unless the supplier has demonstrated through comprehensive engineering assessments that application of BAT would achieve only a minimal and insignificant reduction in the level of contaminant. |
| 2) | The Board may require any of the following as a condition for relief from an MCL listed in Section 611.301 or 611.311: |
| A) | That the supplier continue to investigate alternative means of compliance according to a definite schedule; and |
| B) | That the supplier report results of that investigation to the Agency. |
| 3) | The Agency must petition the Board to reconsider or modify a variance or adjusted standard, pursuant to Subpart I of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 101, if it determines that an alternative method identified by the supplier pursuant to subsection (c)(2) of this Section is technically feasible. |
| Conditions requiring use of bottled water, a point-of-use treatment device, or a point-of-entry treatment device. In granting any variance or adjusted standard from the maximum contaminant levels for organic and inorganic chemicals or an adjusted standard from the treatment technique for lead and copper, the Board may impose certain conditions requiring the use of bottled water, a point-of-entry treatment device, or a point-of-use treatment device to avoid an unreasonable risk to health, limited as provided in subsections (e) and (f) of this Section. | |
| 1) | Relief from an MCL. The Board may, when granting any variance or adjusted standard from the MCL requirements of Sections 611.301 and 611.311, impose a condition that requires a supplier to use bottled water, a point-of-entry treatment device, a point-of-use treatment device, or other means to avoid an unreasonable risk to health. |
| 2) | Relief from corrosion control treatment. The Board may, when granting an adjusted standard from the corrosion control treatment requirements for lead and copper of Sections 611.351 and 611.352, impose a condition that requires a supplier to use bottled water, a point-of-use treatment device, or other means, but not a point-of-entry treatment device, to avoid an unreasonable risk to health. |
| 3) | Relief from source water treatment or service line replacement. The Board may, when granting an exemption from the source water treatment and lead service line replacement requirements for lead and copper under Sections 611.353 or 611.354, impose a condition that requires a supplier to use a point-of-entry treatment device to avoid an unreasonable risk to health. |
| Use of bottled water. Suppliers that propose to use or use bottled water as a condition for receiving a variance or an adjusted standard from the requirements of Section 611.301 or Section 611.311 or an adjusted standard from the requirements of Sections 611.351 through 611.354 must meet the requirements of either subsections (e)(1), (e)(2), (e)(3), and (e)(6) or (e)(4), (e)(5), and (e)(6) of this Section. | |
| 1) | The supplier must develop a monitoring program for Board approval that provides reasonable assurances that the bottled water meets all MCLs of Sections 611.301 and 611.311 and submit a description of this program as part of its petition. The proposed program must describe how the supplier will comply with each requirement of this subsection (e). |
| 2) | The supplier must monitor representative samples of the bottled water for all contaminants regulated under Sections 611.301 and 611.311 during the first three-month period that it supplies the bottled water to the public, and annually thereafter. |
| 3) | The supplier must annually provide the results of the monitoring program to the Agency. |
| 4) | The supplier must receive a certification from the bottled water company as to each of the following: |
| A) | that the bottled water supplied has been taken from an approved source of bottled water, as such is defined in Section 611.101; |
| B) | that the approved source of bottled water has conducted monitoring in accordance with 21 CFR 129.80(g)(1) through (g)(3); |
| C) | and that the bottled water does not exceed any MCLs or quality limits as set out in 21 CFR 103.35, 110, and 129. |
| 5) | The supplier must provide the certification required by subsection (e)(4) of this Section to the Agency during the first quarter after it begins supplying bottled water and annually thereafter. |
| 6) | The supplier must assure the provision of sufficient quantities of bottled water to every affected person supplied by the supplier via door-to-door bottled water delivery. |
| Use of a point-of-entry treatment device. Before the Board grants any PWS a variance or adjusted standard from any NPDWR that includes a condition requiring the use of a point-of-entry treatment device, the supplier must demonstrate to the Board each of the following: | |
| 1) | That the supplier will operate and maintain the device; |
| 2) | That the device provides health protection equivalent to that provided by central treatment; |
| 3) | That the supplier will maintain the microbiological safety of the water at all times; |
| 4) | That the supplier has established standards for performance, conducted a rigorous engineering design review, and field tested the device; |
| 5) | That the operation and maintenance of the device will account for any potential for increased concentrations of heterotrophic bacteria resulting through the use of activated carbon, by backwashing, post-contactor disinfection, and heterotrophic plate count monitoring; |
| 6) | That buildings connected to the supplier’s distribution system have sufficient devices properly installed, maintained, and monitored to assure that all consumers are protected; and |
| 7) | That the use of the device will not cause increased corrosion of lead and copper bearing materials located between the device and the tap that could increase contaminant levels at the tap. |
| Relief from the maximum contaminant levels for radionuclides | |
| 1) | Relief from the maximum contaminant levels for combined radium-226 and radium-228, uranium, gross alpha particle activity (excluding radon and uranium), and beta particle and photon radioactivity. |
| A) | Section 611.330(g) sets forth what USEPA has identified as the best available technology (BAT), treatment techniques, or other means available for achieving compliance with the maximum contaminant levels for the radionuclides listed in Section 611.330(b), (c), (d), and (e), for the purposes of issuing relief equivalent to a federal section 1415 variance or a section 1416 exemption. |
| B) | In addition to the technologies listed in Section 611.330(g), Section 611.330(h) sets forth what USEPA has identified as the BAT, treatment techniques, or other means available for achieving compliance with the maximum contaminant levels for the radionuclides listed in Section 611.330(b), (c), (d), and (e), for the purposes of issuing relief equivalent to a federal section 1415 variance or a section 1416 exemption to small drinking water systems, defined here as those serving 10,000 persons or fewer, as shown in the second table set forth at Section 611.330(h). |
| 2) | The Board will require a CWS supplier to install and use any treatment technology identified in Section 611.330(g), or in the case of small water systems (those serving 10,000 persons or fewer), listed in Section 611.330(h), as a condition for granting relief equivalent to a federal section 1415 variance or a section 1416 exemption, except as provided in subsection (a)(3) of this Section. If, after the system’s installation of the treatment technology, the system cannot meet the MCL, that system will be eligible for relief. |
| 3) | If a CWS supplier can demonstrate through comprehensive engineering assessments, which may include pilot plant studies, that the treatment technologies identified in this Section would only achieve a de minimus reduction in the contaminant level, the Board may issue a schedule of compliance that requires the system being granted relief equivalent to a federal section 1415 variance or a section 1416 exemption to examine other treatment technologies as a condition of obtaining the relief. |
| 4) | If the Agency determines that a treatment technology identified under subsection (a)(3) of this Section is technically feasible, it may request that the Board require the supplier to install and use that treatment technology in connection with a compliance schedule issued pursuant to Section 36 of the Act [415 ILCS 5/36]. The Agency’s determination must be based upon studies by the system and other relevant information. |
| 5) | The Board may require a CWS to use bottled water, point-of-use devices, point-of-entry devices, or other means as a condition of granting relief equivalent to a federal section 1415 variance or a section 1416 exemption from the requirements of Section 611.330, to avoid an unreasonable risk to health. |
| 6) | A CWS supplier that uses bottled water as a condition for receiving relief equivalent to a federal section 1415 variance or a section 1416 exemption from the requirements of Section 611.330 must meet the requirements specified in either subsections (e)(1) through (e)(3) or (e)(4) through (e)(6) of this Section. |
| 7) | A CWS supplier that uses point-of-use or point-of-entry devices as a condition for obtaining relief equivalent to a federal section 1415 variance or a section 1416 exemption from the radionuclides NPDWRs must meet the conditions in subsections (g)(1) through (g)(6) of this Section. |
| Section 611.211 | Filtration Required |
| a) | Source water quality criteria: |
| 1) | Coliforms, see Section 611.231(a) |
| 2) | Turbidity, see Section 611.231(b) |
| b) | |
| 1) | Disinfection, see Section 611.241(b) |
| 2) | Watershed control, see Section 611.232(b) |
| 3) | On-site inspection, see Section 611.232(c) |
| 4) | Absence of waterborne disease outbreaks, see Section 611.232(d) |
| 5) | Total coliform MCL, see Sections 611.232(e) and 611.325 |
| Section 611.230 | |
| Filtration Effective Dates | |
| a) | A supplier that uses a surface water source must meet all of the conditions of Section 611.231 and 611.232 |
| b) | A supplier that uses a groundwater source under the direct influence of surface water must meet all of the conditions of Section 611.231 and 611.232, and is subject to Section 611.233, beginning 18 months after the Agency determines that it is under the direct influence of surface water |
| c) | If the Agency |
| d) | Within 18 months of the failure of a system using surface water or a groundwater source under the direct influence of surface water to meet any one of the requirements of Sections 611.231 and 611.232 |
| Section 611.232 | Site-Specific Conditions |
| 1) | The supplier must meet the requirements of Section 611.241(a) at least 11 of the 12 previous months that the system served water to the public, on an ongoing basis, unless the system fails to meet the requirements during 2 of the 12 previous months that the system served water to the public, and the Agency determines that at least one of these failures was caused by circumstances that were unusual and unpredictable. |
| 2) | The supplier must meet the following requirements at the times specified for each: |
| A) | The requirements of Section 611.241(b)(1) at all times the system serves water to the public; and |
| B) | The requirements of Section 611.241(b)(2) at all times the system serves water to the public, unless the Agency determines that any such failure was caused by circumstances that were unusual and unpredictable. |
| 3) | The supplier must meet the requirements of Section 611.241(c) at all times the system serves water to the public, unless the Agency determines that any such failure was caused by circumstances that were unusual and unpredictable. |
| 4) | The supplier must meet the requirements of Section 611.241(d) on an ongoing basis, unless the Agency determines that failure to meet these requirements was not caused by a deficiency in treatment of the source water. |
| b) | Watershed control program. The supplier must maintain a watershed control program that minimizes the potential for contamination by Giardia lamblia cysts and viruses in the source water. |
| 1) | The Agency must determine whether the watershed control program is adequate to meet this goal. The Agency must determine the adequacy of a watershed control program based on the following: |
| B) | The effectiveness of the supplier’s program to monitor and control detrimental activities occurring in the watershed; and |
| C) | The extent to which the water supplier has maximized land ownership or controlled the land use within the watershed. At a minimum, the watershed control program must do the following: |
| i) | Characterize the watershed hydrology and land ownership; |
| ii) | Identify watershed characteristics and activities that may have an adverse effect on source water quality; and |
| iii) | Monitor the occurrence of activities that may have an adverse effect on source water quality. |
| 2) | The supplier must demonstrate through ownership or written agreements with landowners within the watershed that it can control all human activities that may have an adverse impact on the microbiological quality of the source water. The supplier must submit an annual report to the Agency that identifies any special concerns about the watershed and how they are being handled; describes activities in the watershed that affect water quality; and projects what adverse activities are expected to occur in the future and describes how the supplier expects to address them. For systems using a groundwater source under the direct influence of surface water, an approved wellhead protection program may be used, if appropriate, to meet these requirements. |
| c) | On-site inspection. The supplier must be subject to an annual on-site inspection to assess the watershed control program and disinfection treatment process. The Agency must conduct the inspection. A report of the on-site inspection summarizing all findings must be prepared every year. The on-site inspection must demonstrate that the watershed control program and disinfection treatment process are adequately designed and maintained. The on-site inspection must include the following: |
| 1) | A review of the effectiveness of the watershed control program; |
| 2) | A review of the physical condition of the source intake and how well it is protected; |
| 3) | A review of the supplier’s equipment maintenance program to ensure there is low probability for failure of the disinfection process; |
| 4) | An inspection of the disinfection equipment for physical deterioration; |
| 5) | A review of operating procedures; |
| 6) | A review of data records to ensure that all required tests are being conducted and recorded and disinfection is effectively practiced; and |
| 7) | Identification of any improvements that are needed in the equipment, system maintenance, and operation or data collection. |
| d) | Absence of waterborne disease outbreaks. The PWS must not have been identified as a source of a waterborne disease outbreak, or if it has been so identified, the system must have been modified sufficiently to prevent another such occurrence. |
| e) | Total coliform MCL. The supplier must comply with the MCL for total coliforms in Section 611.325 at least 11 months of the 12 previous months that the system served water to the public, on an ongoing basis, unless the Agency determines that failure to meet this requirement was not caused by a deficiency in treatment of the source water. |
| f) | TTHM |
| Section 611.240 | Disinfection |
| a) | A supplier that uses a surface water source and does not provide filtration treatment must provide the disinfection treatment specified in Section 611.241 beginning December 30, 1991. |
| b) | A supplier that uses a groundwater source under the influence of surface water and does not provide filtration treatment must provide disinfection treatment specified in Section 611.241 beginning December 30, 1991, or 18 months after the Agency determines that the groundwater source is under the influence of surface water, whichever is later, unless the Agency has determined that filtration is required. |
| c) | If the Agency determines that filtration is required, the Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, require the supplier to comply with interim disinfection requirements before filtration is installed. |
| d) | A system that uses a surface water source that provides filtration treatment must provide the disinfection treatment specified in Section 611.242 beginning June 29, 1993, or beginning when filtration is installed, whichever is later. |
| e) | A system that uses a groundwater source under the direct influence of surface water and provides filtration treatment must |
| f) | Failure to meet any requirement of the following Sections after the applicable date specified in this Section is a treatment technique violation. |
| g) | CWS suppliers using groundwater that is not under the direct influence of surface water must chlorinate the water before it enters the distribution system, unless the Agency has granted the supplier an exemption pursuant to Section 17(b) of the Act [415 ILCS 5/17(b)]. |
| 1) | All GWS supplies that are required to chlorinate pursuant to this Section must maintain residuals of free or combined chlorine at levels sufficient to provide adequate protection of human health and the ability of the distribution system to continue to deliver potable water that complies with the requirements of this Part. |
| 2) | The Agency may establish procedures and levels for chlorination applicable to a GWS using groundwater that is not under the direct influence of surface water by a SEP pursuant to Section 610.110. |
| 3) | Those supplies having hand-pumped wells and no distribution system are exempted from the requirements of this Section. |
| Section 611.241 | Unfiltered PWSs |
| a) | The disinfection treatment must be sufficient to ensure at least 99.9 percent (3-log) inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts and 99.99 percent (4-log) inactivation of viruses, every day the system serves water to the public, except any one day each month. Each day a system serves water to the public, the supplier must calculate the CT99.9 |
| 1) | If a system uses a disinfectant other than chlorine, the system may demonstrate to the Agency, through the use of an Agency-approved protocol for on-site disinfection challenge studies or other information, that CT99.9 values other than those specified in Appendix B of this Part, Tables 2.1 and 3.1 or other operational parameters are adequate to demonstrate that the system is achieving minimum inactivation rates required by this subsection. |
| 2) | The demonstration must be made by way of a SEP application pursuant to Section 611.110. |
| b) | The disinfection system must have either of the following: |
| 1) | Redundant components, including an auxiliary power supply with automatic start-up and alarm to ensure that disinfectant application is maintained continuously while water is being delivered to the distribution system; or |
| 2) | Automatic shut-off of delivery of water to the distribution system whenever there is less than 0.2 mg/ℓ of RDC in the water. If the Agency determines, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, that automatic shut-off would cause unreasonable risk to health or interfere with fire protection, the system must comply with subsection (b)(1). |
| c) | The RDC in the water entering the distribution system, measured as specified in Sections 611.531(e) and 611.532(e), cannot be less than 0.2 mg/ℓ for more than 4 hours. |
| d) | RDC in the distribution system. |
| 1) | The RDC in the distribution system, measured as total chlorine, combined chlorine or chlorine dioxide, as specified in Sections 611.531(e) and 611.532(f), cannot be undetectable in more than 5 percent of the samples each month for any two consecutive months that the system serves water to the public. Water in the distribution system with HPC less than or equal to 500/ml, measured as specified in Section 611.531(c), is deemed to have a detectable RDC for purposes of determining compliance with this requirement. Thus, the value “V” in the following formula cannot exceed 5 percent in one month, for any two consecutive months. |
| a = | Number of instances where the RDC is measured; |
| b = | Number of instances where the RDC is not measured, but HPC is measured; |
| c = | Number of instances where the RDC is measured but not detected and no HPC is measured; |
| d = | Number of instances where the RDC is measured but not detected, and where the HPC is greater than 500/ml; and |
| e = | Number of instances where the RDC is not measured and HPC is greater than 500/ml. |
| 2) | Subsection (d)(1) does not apply if the Agency determines, pursuant to Section 611.213, that a supplier has no means for having a sample analyzed for HPC. |
| Section 611.242 | Filtered PWSs |
| a) | The disinfection treatment must be sufficient to ensure that the total treatment processes of that system achieve at least 99.9 percent (3-log) inactivation or removal of Giardia lamblia cysts and at least 99.99 percent (4-log) inactivation or removal of viruses. |
| b) | The RDC in the water entering the distribution system, measured as specified in Section 611.531(e) and 611.533(b), cannot be less than 0.2 mg/ℓ for more than 4 hours. |
| c) | RDC in the distribution system. |
| 1) | The RDC in the distribution system, measured as total chlorine, combined chlorine, or chlorine dioxide, as specified in Section 611.531(e) and 611.533(c), cannot be undetectable in more than 5 percent of the samples each month, for any two consecutive months that the system serves water to the public. Water in the distribution system with HPC less than or equal to 500/ml, measured as specified in Section 611.531(c), is deemed to have a detectable RDC for purposes of determining compliance with this requirement. Thus, the value “V” in the following formula cannot exceed 5 percent in one month, for any two consecutive months. |
| a = | Number of instances where the RDC is measured |
| b = | Number of instances where the RDC is not measured, but HPC is measured |
| c = | Number of instances where the RDC is measured but not detected and no HPC is measured |
| d = | Number of instances where the RDC is measured but not detected, and where HPC is greater than 500/ml; and |
| e = | Number of instances where the RDC is not measured and HPC is greater than 500/ml. |
| 2) | Subsection (c)(1) does not apply if the Agency determines, pursuant to Section 611.213, that a supplier has no means for having a sample analyzed for HPC. |
| Section 611.250 | Filtration |
| 1) | For a system using conventional filtration or direct filtration, the turbidity level of representative samples of the system’s filtered water must be less than or equal to 0.5 NTU in at least 95 percent of the measurements taken each month, except that if the Agency determines, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, that the system is capable of achieving at least 99.9 percent removal or inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts at some turbidity level higher than 0.5 NTU in at least 95 percent of the measurements taken each month, the Agency must substitute this higher turbidity limit for that system. However, in no case may the Agency approve a turbidity limit that allows more than 1 NTU in more than five percent of the samples taken each month. |
| 2) | The turbidity level of representative samples of a system’s filtered water must at no time exceed 5 NTU. |
| 3) | Beginning January 1, 2001, a supplier serving at least 10,000 or more persons must meet the turbidity requirements of Section 611.743(a). |
| 4) | Beginning January 1, 2005, a supplier that serves fewer than 10,000 people must meet the turbidity requirements in Section 611.955. |
| 1) | For a system using slow sand filtration, the turbidity level of representative samples of the system’s filtered water must be less than or equal to 1 NTU in at least 95 percent of the measurements taken each month, except that if the Agency determines, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, that there is no significant interference with disinfection at a higher level, the Agency must substitute the higher turbidity limit for that system. |
| 2) | The turbidity level of representative samples of a system’s filtered water must at no time exceed 5 NTU. |
| 1) | For a system using diatomaceous earth filtration, the turbidity level of representative samples of the system’s filtered water must be less than or equal to 1 NTU in at least 95 percent of the measurements taken each month. |
| 2) | The turbidity level of representative samples of a system’s filtered water must at no time exceed 5 NTU. |
| d) | Other filtration technologies. A supplier may use a filtration technology not listed in subsections (a) through (c) if it demonstrates, by a SEP application pursuant to Section 611.110, to the Agency, using pilot plant studies or other means, that the alternative filtration technology, in combination with disinfection treatment that meets the requirements of Section 611.242, consistently achieves 99.9 percent removal or inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts and 99.99 percent removal or inactivation of viruses. For a supplier that makes this demonstration, the requirements of subsection (b) apply. Beginning January 1, 2002, a supplier serving 10,000 or more persons must meet the requirements for other filtration technologies in Section 611.743(b). Beginning January 1, 2005, a supplier that serves fewer than 10,000 people must meet the requirements for other filtration technologies in Section 611.955. |
| Section 611.276 | Recycle Provisions |
| a) | Applicability. A Subpart B system supplier that employs conventional filtration or direct filtration treatment and which recycles spent filter backwash water, thickener supernatant, or liquids from dewatering processes must meet the requirements in subsections (b) through (d) of this Section. |
| b) | Reporting. A supplier must |
| 1) | A plant schematic showing the origin of all flows that are recycled (including, but not limited to, spent filter backwash water, thickener supernatant, and liquids from dewatering processes), the hydraulic conveyance used to transport them, and the location where they are re-introduced back into the treatment plant. |
| 2) | Typical recycle flow in gallons per minute (gpm), the highest observed plant flow experienced in the previous year (gpm), design flow for the treatment plant (gpm), and Agency-approved operating capacity for the plant where the Agency has made such a determination. |
| c) | Treatment technique requirement. Any supplier that recycles spent filter backwash water, thickener supernatant, or liquids from dewatering processes must return these flows through the processes of the supplier’s existing conventional or direct filtration system, as defined in Section 611.101, or at an alternative location approved by a permit issued by the Agency by June 8, 2004. If capital improvements are required to modify the recycle location to meet this requirement, all capital improvements must be completed no later than June 8, 2006. |
| d) | Recordkeeping. The supplier must collect and retain on file recycle flow information specified in subsections (d)(1) through (d)(6) of this Section for review and evaluation by the Agency beginning June 8, 2004, as follows: |
| 1) | A copy of the recycle notification and information submitted to the State under subsection (b) of this Section. |
| 2) | A list of all recycle flows and the frequency with which they are returned. |
| 3) | The average and maximum backwash flow rate through the filters and the average and maximum duration of the filter backwash process in minutes. |
| 4) | The typical filter run length and a written summary of how filter run length is determined. |
| 5) | The type of treatment provided for the recycle flow. |
| 6) | Data on the physical dimensions of the equalization or treatment units, typical and maximum hydraulic loading rates, type of treatment chemicals used and average dose and frequency of use, and frequency at which solids are removed, if applicable. |
| Section 611.290 | Use of Point-of-Use Devices or Bottled Water |
| a) | Suppliers must not use bottled water to achieve compliance with an MCL. |
| b) | Bottled water or point-of-use devices may be used on a temporary basis to avoid an unreasonable risk to health pursuant to a SEP granted by the Agency under Section 611.110. |
| c) | Any use of bottled water must comply with the substantive requirements of Section 611.130( |
| Section 611.301 | Revised MCLs for Inorganic Chemical Contaminants |
| a) | This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.62(a), reserved by USEPA. This statement maintains structural consistency with USEPA rules. |
| b) | The MCLs in the following table apply to CWSs. Except for fluoride, the MCLs also apply to NTNCWSs. The MCLs for nitrate, nitrite, and total nitrate and nitrite also apply to transient non-CWSs. |
| Contaminant | MCL | Units |
| Antimony | 0.006 | mg/ℓ |
| Arsenic (effective January 23, 2006) | 0.010 |
mg/ℓ |
| Asbestos | 7 | MFL |
| Barium | 2 | mg/ℓ |
| Beryllium | 0.004 | mg/ℓ |
| Cadmium | 0.005 | mg/ℓ |
| Chromium | 0.1 | mg/ℓ |
| Cyanide (as free CN-) | 0.2 | mg/ℓ |
| Fluoride | 4.0 | mg/ℓ |
| Mercury | 0.002 | mg/ℓ |
| Nitrate (as N) | 10 | mg/ℓ |
| Nitrite (as N) | 1 | mg/ℓ |
| Total Nitrate and Nitrite (as N) | 10 | mg/ℓ |
| Selenium | 0.05 | mg/ℓ |
| Thallium | 0.002 | mg/ℓ |
| c) | USEPA has identified the following as BAT for achieving compliance with the MCL for the IOCs identified in subsection (b) of this Section, except for fluoride: |
| Contaminant | BATs |
| Antimony | C/F
RO |
| Arsenic (BATs for AsV. Pre-oxidation may be required to convert AsIII to AsV.) | AAL
C/F IX LIME RO ED O/F (To obtain high removals, the iron to arsenic ratio must be at least 20:1) |
| Asbestos | C/F
DDF CC |
| Barium | IX
LIME RO ED |
| Beryllium | AA
C/F IX LIME RO |
| Cadmium | C/F
IX LIME RO |
| Chromium | C/F
IX LIME, BAT for CrIII only RO |
| Cyanide | IX
RO Cl2 |
| Mercury | C/F, BAT only if influent Hg concentrations less than or equal to GAC LIME, BAT only if influent Hg concentrations RO, BAT only if influent Hg concentrations |
| Nickel | IX
LIME RO |
| Nitrate | IX
RO ED |
| Nitrite | IX
RO |
| Selenium | AAL
C/F, BAT for SeIV only LIME RO ED |
| Thallium | AAL
IX |
| d) | At 40 CFR 141.62(d) |
| Small system compliance technology | Affordable for listed small system categories3 |
| Activated alumina (centralized) | All size categories |
| Activated alumina (point-of-use)4 | All size categories |
| Coagulation/filtration5 | 501-3,300 persons, 3,301-10,000 persons |
| Coagulation-assisted microfiltration | 501-3,300 persons, 3,301-10,000 persons |
| Electrodialysis reversal6 | 501-3,300 persons, 3,301-10,000 persons |
| Enhanced coagulation/filtration | All size categories |
| Enhanced lime softening (pH> 10.5) | All size categories |
| Ion exchange | All size categories |
| Lime softening5 | 501-3,300 persons, 3,301-10,000 persons |
| Oxidation/filtration7 | All size categories |
| Reverse osmosis (centralized)6 | 501-3,300 persons, 3,301-10,000 persons |
| Reverse osmosis (point-of-use)4 | All size categories |
| 1 | Section 1412(b)(4)(E)(ii) of the federal SDWA (42 USC 300g-1(b)(4)(E)(ii)) specifies that SSCTs must be affordable and technically feasible for a small system supplier. |
| 2 | SSCTs for AsV. Pre-oxidation may be required to convert AsIII to AsV. |
| 3 | The federal SDWA specifies three categories of small system suppliers: (1) those serving 25 or more, but fewer than 501 persons, (2) those serving more than 500 but fewer than 3,301 persons, and (3) those serving more than 3,300 but fewer than 10,001 persons. |
| 4 | When POU or POE devices are used for compliance, programs to ensure proper long-term operation, maintenance, and monitoring must be provided by the water supplier to ensure adequate performance. |
| 5 | Unlikely to be installed solely for arsenic removal. May require pH adjustment to optimal range if high removals are needed. |
| 6 | Technologies reject a large volume of water--may not be appropriate for areas where water quantity may be an issue. |
| 7 | To obtain high removals, iron to arsenic ratio must be at least 20:1. |
| Section 611.310 | Old Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for Organic Chemical Contaminants |
| Contaminant | MCL (mg/ℓ) |
| Aldrin | 0.001 |
| DDT | 0.05 |
| Dieldrin | 0.001 |
| Heptachlor | 0.0001 |
| Heptachlor epoxide | 0.0001 |
| 2,4-D | 0.01 |
| Section 611.311 | Revised MCLs for Organic Chemical Contaminants |
| a) | Volatile organic chemical contaminants. The following MCLs for volatile organic chemical contaminants (VOCs) apply to CWS suppliers and NTNCWS suppliers. |
| CAS No. | Contaminant | MCL (mg/ℓ) |
| 71-43-2 | Benzene | 0.005 |
| 56-23-5 | Carbon tetrachloride | 0.005 |
| 95-50-1 | o-Dichlorobenzene | 0.6 |
| 106-46-7 | p-Dichlorobenzene | 0.075 |
| 107-06-2 | 1,2-Dichloroethane | 0.005 |
| 75-35-4 | 1,1-Dichloroethylene | 0.007 |
| 156-59-2 | cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene | 0.07 |
| 156-60-5 | trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene | 0.1 |
| 75-09-2 | Dichloromethane (methylene chloride)0.005 | |
| 78-87-5 | 1,2-Dichloropropane | 0.005 |
| 100-41-4 | Ethylbenzene | 0.7 |
| 108-90-7 | Monochlorobenzene | 0.1 |
| 100-42-5 | Styrene | 0.1 |
| 127-18-4 | Tetrachloroethylene | 0.005 |
| 108-88-3 | Toluene | 1 |
| 120-82-1 | 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene | 0.07 |
| 71-55-6 | 1,1,1-Trichloroethane | 0.2 |
| 79-00-5 | 1,1,2-Trichloroethane | 0.005 |
| 79-01-6 | Trichloroethylene | 0.005 |
| 75-01-4 | Vinyl chloride | 0.002 |
| 1330-20-7 | Xylenes (total) | 10 |
| b) | USEPA has identified, as indicated below, granular activated carbon (GAC), packed tower aeration (PTA), or oxidation (OX) as BAT for achieving compliance with the MCLs for volatile organic chemical contaminants (VOCs) and synthetic organic chemical contaminants (SOCs) in subsections (a) and (c) of this Section. |
| 15972-60-8 | Alachlor | GAC |
| 116-06-3 | Aldicarb* | GAC |
| 1646-87-4 | Aldicarb sulfone* | GAC |
| 1646-87-3 | Aldicarb sulfoxide* | GAC |
| 1912-24-9 | Atrazine | GAC |
| 71-43-2 | Benzene | GAC, PTA |
| 50-32-8 | Benzo(a)pyrene | GAC |
| 1563-66-2 | Carbofuran | GAC |
| 56-23-5 | Carbon tetrachloride | GAC, PTA |
| 57-74-9 | Chlordane | GAC |
| 94-75-7 | 2,4-D | GAC |
| 75-99-0 | Dalapon | GAC |
| 96-12-8 | Dibromochloropropane | GAC, PTA |
| 95-50-1 | o-Dichlorobenzene | GAC, PTA |
| 106-46-7 | p-Dichlorobenzene | GAC, PTA |
| 107-06-2 | 1,2-Dichloroethane | GAC, PTA |
| 156-59-2 | cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene | GAC, PTA |
| 156-60-5 | trans-1,2-Dichoroethylene | GAC, PTA |
| 75-35-4 | 1,1-Dichloroethylene | GAC, PTA |
| 75-09-2 | Dichloromethane | PTA |
| 78-87-5 | 1,2-Dichloropropane | GAC, PTA |
| 103-23-1 | Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate | GAC, PTA |
| 117-81-7 | Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate | GAC |
| 88-85-7 | Dinoseb | GAC |
| 85-00-7 | Diquat | GAC |
| 145-73-3 | Endothall | GAC |
| 72-20-8 | Endrin | GAC |
| 106-93-4 | Ethylene dibromide (EDB) | GAC, PTA |
| 100-41-4 | Ethylbenzene | GAC, PTA |
| 1071-53-6 | Glyphosate | OX |
| 76-44-8 | Heptachlor | GAC |
| 1024-57-3 | Heptachlor epoxide | GAC |
| 118-74-1 | Hexachlorobenzene | GAC |
| 77-47-3 | Hexachlorocyclopentadiene | GAC, PTA |
| 58-89-9 | Lindane | GAC |
| 72-43-5 | Methoxychlor | GAC |
| 108-90-7 | Monochlorobenzene | GAC, PTA |
| 23135-22-0 | Oxamyl | GAC |
| 87-86-5 | Pentachlorophenol | GAC |
| 1918-02-1 | Picloram | GAC |
| 1336-36-3 | Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) | GAC |
| 122-34-9 | Simazine | GAC |
| 100-42-5 | Styrene | GAC, PTA |
| 1746-01-6 | 2,3,7,8-TCDD | GAC |
| 127-18-4 | Tetrachloroethylene | GAC, PTA |
| 108-88-3 | Toluene | GAC |
| 8001-35-2 | Toxaphene | GAC |
| 120-82-1 | 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene | GAC, PTA |
| 71-55-6 | 1,1,1-Trichloroethane | GAC, PTA |
| 79-00-5 | 1,1,2-trichloroethane | GAC, PTA |
| 79-01-6 | Trichloroethylene | GAC, PTA |
| 93-72-1 | 2,4,5-TP | GAC |
| 75-01-4 | Vinyl chloride | PTA |
| 1330-20-7 | Xylene | GAC, PTA |
| c) | Synthetic organic chemical contaminants. The following MCLs for SOCs apply to CWS and NTNCWS suppliers. |
| CAS Number | Contaminant | MCL (mg/ℓ) |
| 15972-60-8 | Alachlor | 0.002 |
| 116-06-3 | Aldicarb* | 0.002 |
| 1646-87-4 | Aldicarb sulfone* | 0.002 |
| 1646-87-3 | Aldicarb sulfoxide* | 0.004 |
| 1912-24-9 | Atrazine | 0.003 |
| 50-32-8 | Benzo(a)pyrene | 0.0002 |
| 1563-66-2 | Carbofuran | 0.04 |
| 57-74-9 | Chlordane | 0.002 |
| 94-75-7 | 2,4-D | 0.07 |
| 75-99-0 | Dalapon | 0.2 |
| 96-12-8 | Dibromochloropropane | 0.0002 |
| 103-23-1 | Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate | 0.4 |
| 117-81-7 | Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate | 0.006 |
| 88-85-7 | Dinoseb | 0.007 |
| 85-00-7 | Diquat | 0.02 |
| 145-73-3 | Endothall | 0.1 |
| 72-20-8 | Endrin | 0.002 |
| 106-93-4 | Ethylene dibromide | 0.00005 |
| 1071-53-6 | Glyphosate | 0.7 |
| 76-44-8 | Heptachlor | 0.0004 |
| 1024-57-3 | Heptachlor epoxide | 0.0002 |
| 118-74-1 | Hexachlorobenzene | 0.001 |
| 77-47-4 | Hexachlorocyclopentadiene | 0.05 |
| 58-89-9 | Lindane | 0.0002 |
| 72-43-5 | Methoxychlor | 0.04 |
| 23135-22-0 | Oxamyl (Vydate) | 0.2 |
| 87-86-5 | Pentachlorophenol | 0.001 |
| 1918-02-1 | Picloram | 0.5 |
| 1336-36-3 | Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) | 0.0005 |
| 122-34-9 | Simazine | 0.004 |
| 1746-01-6 | 2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin) | 0.00000003 |
| 8001-35-2 | Toxaphene | 0.003 |
| 93-72-1 | 2,4,5-TP | 0.05 |
| Section 611.330 | Maximum Contaminant Levels for Radionuclides |
| a) | This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.66(a), marked reserved by USEPA. This statement maintains structural consistency with USEPA rules. |
| b) | MCL for combined radium-226 and –228. The maximum contaminant level for combined radium-226 and radium-228 is 5 pCi/ℓ. The combined radium-226 and radium-228 value is determined by the addition of the results of the analysis for radium-226 and the analysis for radium-228. |
| c) | MCL for gross alpha particle activity (excluding radon and uranium). The maximum contaminant level for gross alpha particle activity (including radium-226 but excluding radon and uranium) is 15 pCi/ℓ. |
| d) | |
| 1) | The average annual concentration of beta particle and photon radioactivity from man-made radionuclides in drinking water must not produce an annual dose equivalent to the total body or any internal organ greater than 4 millirem/year (mrem/year). |
| 2) | Except for the radionuclides listed in the following table, the concentration of man-made radionuclides causing 4 mrem total body or organ dose equivalents must be calculated on the basis of two liters per day drinking water intake, using the 168-hour data list set forth in “Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible Concentrations of Radionuclides in Air and in Water for Occupational Exposure,” incorporated by reference in Section 611.102, available from the NTIS. If two or more radionuclides are present, the sum of their annual dose equivalent to the total body or to any organ must not exceed 4 mrem/year. |
| Radionuclide | Critical organ | pCi per liter |
| 1. Tritium | Total body | 20,000 |
| 2. Strontium-90 | Bone Marrow | 8 |
| e) | MCL for uranium. |
| f) | Compliance dates for combined radium-226 and -228, gross alpha particle activity, gross beta particle and photon radioactivity, and uranium: |
| g) | Best available technologies (BATs) for radionuclides. USEPA has identified the technologies indicated in the following table as the BAT for achieving compliance with the MCLs for combined radium-226 and -228, uranium, gross alpha particle activity, and beta particle and photon radioactivity. |
| Contaminant | BAT |
| 1. Combined radium-226 and radium-228 | Ion exchange, reverse osmosis, lime softening. |
| 2. Uranium | Ion exchange, reverse osmosis, lime softening, coagulation/filtration. |
| 3. Gross alpha particle activity (excluding Radon and Uranium) | Reverse osmosis. |
| 4. Beta particle and photon radioactivity | Ion exchange, reverse osmosis. |
| h) | Small systems compliance technologies list for radionuclides. |
| Unit technologies | Limitations (see footnotes)
|
Operator skill level required1 | Raw water quality range and considerations1 |
| 1. Ion exchange (IE) | (a)
|
Intermediate | All ground waters. |
| 2. Point of use (POU2) IE | (b)
|
Basic | All ground waters. |
| 3. Reverse osmosis (RO) | (c)
|
Advanced | Surface waters usually require pre-filtration. |
| 4. POU2 RO | (b)
|
Basic | Surface waters usually require pre-filtration. |
| 5. Lime softening | (d)
|
Advanced | All waters. |
| 6. Green sand filtration | (e)
|
Basic | |
| 7. Co-precipitation with Barium sulfate | (f)
|
Intermediate to Advanced | Ground waters with suitable water quality. |
| 8. Electrodialysis/ electrodialysis reversal | Basic to Intermediate | All ground waters. | |
| 9. Pre-formed hydrous Manganese oxide filtration | (g)
|
Intermediate | All ground waters. |
| 10. Activated alumina | (a), (h)
|
Advanced | All ground waters; competing anion concentrations may affect regeneration frequency. |
| 11. Enhanced coagulation/ filtration | (i)
|
Advanced | Can treat a wide range of water qualities. |
| 1 | National Research Council (NRC). “Safe Water from Every Tap: Improving Water Service to Small Communities,” National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 1997. |
| 2 | A POU, or “point-of-use” technology is a treatment device installed at a single tap used for the purpose of reducing contaminants in drinking water at that one tap. POU devices are typically installed at the kitchen tap. |
| (a) | The regeneration solution contains high concentrations of the contaminant ions. Disposal options should be carefully considered before choosing this technology. |
| (b) | When POU devices are used for compliance, programs for long-term operation, maintenance, and monitoring must be provided by water utility to ensure proper performance. |
| (c) | Reject water disposal options should be carefully considered before choosing this technology. |
| d | Blending (combining treated water with untreated raw water) cannot be practiced at risk of increasing microbial concentrations in finished water. |
| e | Post-disinfection recommended as a safety measure and for residual maintenance. |
| f | Post-treatment corrosion control will be needed prior to distribution. |
| (d) | The combination of variable source water quality and the complexity of the water chemistry involved may make this technology too complex for small surface water systems. |
| (e) | Removal efficiencies can vary depending on water quality. |
| (f) | This technology may be very limited in application to small systems. Since the process requires static mixing, detention basins, and filtration, it is most applicable to systems with sufficiently high sulfate levels that already have a suitable filtration treatment train in place. |
| (g) | This technology is most applicable to small systems that already have filtration in place. |
| (h) | Handling of chemicals required during regeneration and pH adjustment may be too difficult for small systems without an adequately trained operator. |
| (i) | Assumes modification to a coagulation/filtration process already in place. |
Compliance technologies1 for system size categories (population served)
|
| Contaminant | 25-500
|
501-3,300
|
3,300-10,000
|
| 1. Combined radium-226 and radium-228 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 |
| 2. Gross alpha particle activity | 3, 4 | 3, 4 | 3, 4 |
| 3. Beta particle activity and photon activity | 1, 2, 3, 4 | 1, 2, 3, 4 | 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| 4. Uranium | 1, 2, 4, 10, 11 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11 |
| Section 611.331 | Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity (Repealed) |
| Section 611.351 | Applicability of Corrosion Control |
| a) | Corrosion control required. Suppliers must complete the applicable corrosion control treatment requirements described in Section 611.352 on or before the deadlines set forth in this Section. |
| 1) | Large systems. Each large system supplier (one regularly serving more than 50,000 persons) must complete the corrosion control treatment steps specified in subsection (d) of this Section, unless it is deemed to have optimized corrosion control under subsection (b)(2) or (b)(3) of this Section. |
| 2) | Medium-sized and small systems. Each small system supplier (one regularly serving 3,300 or fewer persons) and each medium-sized system (one regularly serving more than 3,300 up to 50,000 persons) must complete the corrosion control treatment steps specified in subsection (e) of this Section, unless it is deemed to have optimized corrosion control under one of subsections (b)(1), (b)(2), or (b)(3) of this Section. |
| b) | Suppliers deemed to have optimized corrosion control. A supplier is deemed to have optimized corrosion control, and is not required to complete the applicable corrosion control treatment steps identified in this Section, if the supplier satisfies one of the |
| 1) | Small- or medium-sized system meeting action levels. A small system or medium-sized system supplier is deemed to have optimized corrosion control if the system meets the lead and copper action levels during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods with monitoring conducted in accordance with Section 611.356. |
| 2) | SEP for equivalent activities to corrosion control. The Agency must, by a SEP granted pursuant to Section 611.110, deem any supplier to have optimized corrosion control treatment if it determines that the supplier has conducted activities equivalent to the corrosion control steps applicable under this Section. In making this determination, the Agency must specify the water quality control parameters representing optimal corrosion control in accordance with Section 611.352(f). A water supplier that is deemed to have optimized corrosion control under this subsection (b)(2) must operate in compliance with the Agency-designated optimal water quality control parameters in accordance with Section 611.352(g) and must continue to conduct lead and copper tap and water quality parameter sampling in accordance with Sections 611.356(d)(3) and 611.357(d), respectively. A supplier must provide the Agency with the following information in order to support an Agency SEP determination under this subsection (b)(2): |
| A) | The results of all test samples collected for each of the water quality parameters in Section 611.352(c)(3); |
| B) | A report explaining the test methods the supplier used to evaluate the corrosion control treatments listed in Section 611.352(c)(1), the results of all tests conducted, and the basis for the supplier’s selection of optimal corrosion control treatment; |
| C) | A report explaining how the supplier has installed corrosion control and how the supplier maintains it to insure minimal lead and copper concentrations at consumer’s taps; and |
| D) | The results of tap water samples collected in accordance with Section 611.356 at least once every six months for one year after corrosion control has been installed. |
| 3) | Results less than practical quantitation level (PQL) for lead. Any supplier is deemed to have optimized corrosion control if it submits results of tap water monitoring conducted in accordance with Section 611.356 and source water monitoring conducted in accordance with Section 611.358 that demonstrate that for two consecutive six-month monitoring periods the difference between the 90th percentile tap water lead level, computed pursuant to Section 611.350(c)(3), and the highest source water lead concentration is less than the practical quantitation level for lead specified in Section 611.359(a)(1)(B)(i). |
| A) | Those systems whose highest source water lead level is below the method detection limit (MDL) may also be deemed to have optimized corrosion control under this subsection (b) if the 90th percentile tap water lead level is less than or equal to the PQL for lead for two consecutive six-month monitoring periods. |
| B) | Any water system deemed to have optimized corrosion control in accordance with this subsection (b) must continue monitoring for lead and copper at the tap no less frequently than once every three calendar years using the reduced number of sites specified in Section 611.356(c) and collecting the samples at times and locations specified in Section 611.356(d)(4)(D). Any such system that has not conducted a round of monitoring pursuant to Section 611.356(d) since September 30, 1997, must |
| C) | Any water system deemed to have optimized corrosion control pursuant to this subsection (b) must notify the Agency in writing pursuant to Section 611.360(a)(3) of any change in treatment or the addition of a new source. The Agency must require any such system to conduct additional monitoring or to take other action if the Agency determines that the additional monitoring is necessary and appropriate to ensure that the supplier maintains minimal levels of corrosion in its distribution system. |
| D) | As of July 12, 2001, a supplier is not deemed to have optimized corrosion control under this subsection (b), and must implement corrosion control treatment pursuant to subsection (b)(3)(E) of this Section, unless it meets the copper action level. |
| E) | Any supplier triggered into corrosion control because it is no longer deemed to have optimized corrosion control under this subsection must implement corrosion control treatment in accordance with the deadlines in subsection (e) of this Section. Any such large system supplier must adhere to the schedule specified in that subsection (e) for a medium-sized system supplier, with the time periods for completing each step being triggered by the date the supplier is no longer deemed to have optimized corrosion control under this subsection (b). |
| c) | Suppliers not required to complete corrosion control steps for having met both action levels. |
| 1) | Any small system or medium-sized system supplier, otherwise required to complete the corrosion control steps due to its exceedence of the lead or copper action level, may cease completing the treatment steps after the supplier has fulfilled both of the following conditions: |
| A) | It has met both the copper action level and the lead action level during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods conducted pursuant to Section 611.356; and |
| B) | The supplier has submitted the results for those two consecutive six-month monitoring periods to the Agency. |
| 2) | A supplier that has ceased completing the corrosion control steps pursuant to subsection (c)(1) of this Section (or the Agency, if appropriate) must resume completion of the applicable treatment steps, beginning with the first treatment step that the supplier previously did not complete in its entirety, if the supplier thereafter exceeds the lead or copper action level during any monitoring period. |
| 3) | The Agency may, by SEP, require a supplier to repeat treatment steps previously completed by the supplier where it determines that this is necessary to properly implement the treatment requirements of this Section. Any such SEP must explain the basis for this decision. |
| 4) | The requirement for any small- or medium-sized system supplier to implement corrosion control treatment steps in accordance with subsection (e) of this Section (including systems deemed to have optimized corrosion control under subsection (b)(1) of this Section) is triggered whenever any small- or medium-sized system supplier exceeds the lead or copper action level. |
| d) | Treatment steps and deadlines for large systems. Except as provided in subsections (b)(2) and (b)(3) of this Section, large system suppliers must complete the following corrosion control treatment steps (described in the referenced portions of Sections 611.352, 611.356, and 611.357) on or before the indicated dates. |
| 1) | Step 1: The supplier must |
| 2) | Step 2: The supplier must |
| 3) | Step 3: The Agency must |
| 4) | Step 4: The supplier must |
| 5) | Step 5: The supplier must |
| 6) | Step 6: The Agency must |
| 7) | Step 7: The supplier must operate in compliance with the Agency-specified optimal water quality control parameters (Section 611.352(g)) and continue to conduct tap sampling (Sections 611.356(d)(3) and 611.357(d)). |
| e) | Treatment steps and deadlines for small- and medium-sized system suppliers. Except as provided in subsection (b) of this Section, small- and medium-sized system suppliers must complete the following corrosion control treatment steps (described in the referenced portions of Sections 611.352, 611.356, and 611.357) by the indicated time periods. |
| 1) | Step 1: The supplier must conduct initial tap sampling (Sections 611.356(d)(1) and 611.357(b)) until the supplier either exceeds the lead action level or the copper action level or it becomes eligible for reduced monitoring under Section 611.356(d)(4). A supplier exceeding the lead action level or the copper action level must recommend optimal corrosion control treatment (Section 611.352(a)) within six months after it exceeds one of the action levels. |
| 2) | Step 2: Within 12 months after a supplier exceeds the lead action level or the copper action level, the Agency may require the supplier to perform corrosion control studies (Section 611.352(b)). If the Agency does not require the supplier to perform such studies, the Agency must, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, specify optimal corrosion control treatment (Section 611.352(d)) within the following timeframes: |
| A) | for medium-sized systems, within 18 months after such supplier exceeds the lead action level or the copper action level, |
| B) | for small systems, within 24 months after such supplier exceeds the lead action level or the copper action level. |
| 3) | Step 3: If the Agency requires a supplier to perform corrosion control studies under step 2 (subsection (e)(2) of this Section), the supplier must complete the studies (Section 611.352(c)) within 18 months after the Agency requires that such studies be conducted. |
| 4) | Step 4: If the supplier has performed corrosion control studies under step 2 (subsection (e)(2) of this Section), the Agency must, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, approve optimal corrosion control treatment (Section 611.352(d)) within six months after completion of step 3 (subsection (e)(3) of this Section). |
| 5) | Step 5: The supplier must install optimal corrosion control treatment (Section 611.352(e)) within 24 months after the Agency approves such treatment. |
| 6) | Step 6: The supplier must complete follow-up sampling (Sections 611.356(d)(2) and 611.357(c)) within 36 months after the Agency approves optimal corrosion control treatment. |
| 7) | Step 7: The Agency must review the supplier’s installation of treatment and, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, approve optimal water quality control parameters (Section 611.352(f)) within six months after completion of step 6 (subsection (e)(6) of this Section). |
| 8) | Step 8: The supplier must operate in compliance with the Agency-approved optimal water quality control parameters (Section 611.352(g)) and continue to conduct tap sampling (Sections 611.356(d)(3) and 611.357(d)). |
| Section 611.354 | Lead Service Line Replacement |
| a) | Suppliers required to replace lead service lines. |
| 1) | If the results from tap samples taken pursuant to Section 611.356(d)(2) exceed the lead action level after the supplier has installed corrosion control or source water treatment (whichever sampling occurs later), the supplier must recommence replacing lead service lines in accordance with the requirements of subsection (b) of this Section. |
| 2) | If a supplier is in violation of Section 611.351 or Section 611.353 for failure to install source water or corrosion control treatment, the Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, require the supplier to commence lead service line replacement under this Section after the date by which the supplier was required to conduct monitoring under Section 611.356(d)(2) has passed. |
| b) | Annual replacement of lead service lines. |
| 1) | A supplier required to commence lead service line replacement pursuant to subsection (a) of this Section must annually replace at least seven percent of the initial number of lead service lines in its distribution system. |
| 2) | The initial number of lead service lines is the number of lead lines in place at the time the replacement program begins. |
| 3) | The supplier must identify the initial number of lead service lines in its distribution system, including an identification of the portions of the system owned by the supplier, based on a materials evaluation, including the evaluation required under Section 611.356(a) and relevant legal authorities (e.g., contracts, local ordinances) |
| 4) | The first year of lead service line replacement must begin on the date the supplier exceeded the action level in tap sampling referenced in subsection (a) of this Section. |
| c) | Service lines not needing replacement. A supplier is not required to replace any individual lead service line for which the lead concentrations in all service line samples taken from that line pursuant to Section 611.356(b)(3) are less than or equal to 0.015 mg/ℓ. |
| d) | A water supplier must replace that portion of the lead service line that it owns. In cases where the supplier does not own the entire lead service line, the supplier must notify the owner of the line, or the owner’s authorized agent, that the supplier will replace the portion of the service line that it owns and must offer to replace the owner’s portion of the line. A supplier is not required to bear the cost of replacing the privately-owned portion of the line, nor is it required to replace the privately-owned portion where the owner chooses not to pay the cost of replacing the privately-owned portion of the line, or where replacing the privately-owned portion would be precluded by State, local, or common law. A water supplier that does not replace the entire length of the service line also must complete the following tasks: |
| 1) | Notice Prior to Commencement of Work. |
| A) | At least 45 days prior to commencing the partial replacement of a lead service line, the water supplier must provide notice to the residents of all buildings served by the line explaining that they may experience a temporary increase of lead levels in their drinking water, along with guidance on measures consumers can take to minimize their exposure to lead. |
| B) | The Agency, by issuing an appropriate SEP, may allow the water supplier to provide notice under the previous sentence less than 45 days prior to commencing partial lead service line replacement where it determines that such replacement is in conjunction with emergency repairs. |
| C) | In addition, the water supplier must inform the residents served by the line that the supplier will, at the supplier’s expense, collect a sample from each partially-replaced lead service line that is representative of the water in the service line for analysis of lead content, as prescribed by Section 611.356(b)(3), within 72 hours after the completion of the partial replacement of the service line. The supplier must collect the sample and report the results of the analysis to the owner and the residents served by the line within three business days of receiving the results. |
| D) | Mailed notices post-marked within three business days of receiving the results must be considered “on time.” |
| 2) | The water supplier must provide the information required by subsection (d)(1) of this Section to the residents of individual dwellings by mail or by other methods approved by the Agency by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110. In instances where multi-family dwellings are served by the service line, the water supplier must have the option to post the information at a conspicuous location. |
| e) | Agency determination of shorter replacement schedule. |
| 1) | The Agency must, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, require a supplier to replace lead service lines on a shorter schedule than that otherwise required by this Section if it determines, taking into account the number of lead service lines in the system, that such a shorter replacement schedule is feasible. |
| 2) | The Agency must notify the supplier of its finding pursuant to subsection (e)(1) of this Section within six months after the supplier is triggered into lead service line replacement based on monitoring, as referenced in subsection (a) of this Section. |
| f) | Cessation of service line replacement. |
| 1) | Any supplier may cease replacing lead service lines whenever it fulfills both of the following conditions: |
| A) | First draw tap samples collected pursuant to Section 611.356(b)(2) meet the lead action level during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods; and |
| B) | The supplier has submitted those results to the Agency. |
| 2) | If any of the supplier’s first draw tap samples thereafter exceed the lead action level, the supplier must recommence replacing lead service lines pursuant to subsection (b) of this Section. |
| g) | To demonstrate compliance with subsections (a) through (d) of this Section, a supplier must report to the Agency the information specified in Section 611.360(e). |
| Section 611.356 | Tap Water Monitoring for Lead and Copper |
| a) | Sample site location. |
| 1) | Selecting a pool of targeted sampling sites. |
| A) | By the applicable date for commencement of monitoring under subsection (d)(1) of this Section, each supplier must complete a materials evaluation of its distribution system in order to identify a pool of targeted sampling sites that meets the requirements of this Section. |
| B) | The pool of targeted sampling sites must be sufficiently large to ensure that the supplier can collect the number of lead and copper tap samples required by subsection (c) of this Section. |
| C) | The supplier must select the sites for collection of first draw samples from this pool of targeted sampling sites. |
| D) | The supplier must not select as sampling sites any faucets that have point-of-use or point-of-entry treatment devices designed to remove or capable of removing inorganic contaminants. |
| 2) | Materials evaluation. |
| A) | A supplier must use the information on lead, copper, and galvanized steel collected pursuant to 40 CFR 141.42(d) (special monitoring for corrosivity characteristics) when conducting a materials evaluation. |
| B) | When an evaluation of the information collected pursuant to 40 CFR 141.42(d) is insufficient to locate the requisite number of lead and copper sampling sites that meet the targeting criteria in subsection (a) of this Section, the supplier must review the following sources of information in order to identify a sufficient number of sampling sites: |
| i) | All plumbing codes, permits, and records in the files of the building departments that indicate the plumbing materials that are installed within publicly- and privately-owned structures connected to the distribution system; |
| ii) | All inspections and records of the distribution system that indicate the material composition of the service connections which connect a structure to the distribution system; |
| iii) | All existing water quality information, which includes the results of all prior analyses of the system or individual structures connected to the system, indicating locations that may be particularly susceptible to high lead or copper concentrations; and |
| iv) | The supplier must seek to collect such information where possible in the course of its normal operations (e.g., checking service line materials when reading water meters or performing maintenance activities). |
| 3) | Tiers of sampling sites. Suppliers must categorize the sampling sites within their pool according to the following tiers: |
| A) | CWS Tier 1 sampling sites. “CWS Tier 1 sampling sites” must include the following single-family structures: |
| i) | Those that contain copper pipes with lead solder installed after 1982 or which contain lead pipes; or |
| ii) | Those that are served by a lead service line. |
| B) | CWS Tier 2 sampling sites. “CWS Tier 2 sampling sites” must include the following buildings, including multiple-family structures: |
| i) | Those that contain copper pipes with lead solder installed after 1982 or contain lead pipes; or |
| ii) | Those that are served by a lead service line. |
| C) | CWS Tier 3 sampling sites. “CWS Tier 3 sampling sites” must include the following single-family structures: those that contain copper pipes with lead solder installed before 1983. |
| D) | NTNCWS Tier 1 sampling sites. “NTNCWS Tier 1 sampling sites” must include the following buildings: |
| i) | Those that contain copper pipes with lead solder installed after 1982 or which contain lead pipes; or |
| ii) | Those that are served by a lead service line. |
| E) | Alternative NTNCWS sampling sites. “Alternative NTNCWS sampling sites” must include the following buildings: those that contain copper pipes with lead solder installed before 1983. |
| 4) | Selection of sampling sites. Suppliers must select sampling sites for their sampling pool as follows: |
| A) | CWS Suppliers. CWS suppliers must use CWS tier 1 sampling sites, except that the supplier may include CWS tier 2 or CWS tier 3 sampling sites in its sampling pool as follows: |
| i) | If multiple-family residences comprise at least 20 percent of the structures served by a supplier, the supplier may use CWS tier 2 sampling sites in its sampling pool; or |
| ii) | If the CWS supplier has an insufficient number of CWS tier 1 sampling sites on its distribution system, the supplier may use CWS tier 2 sampling sites in its sampling pool; or |
| iii) | If the CWS supplier has an insufficient number of CWS tier 1 and CWS tier 2 sampling sites on its distribution system, the supplier may complete its sampling pool with CWS tier 3 sampling sites. |
| iv) | If the CWS supplier has an insufficient number of CWS tier 1 sampling sites, CWS tier 2 sampling sites, and CWS tier 3 sampling sites, the supplier must use those CWS tier 1 sampling sites, CWS tier 2 sampling sites, and CWS tier 3 sampling sites that it has and complete its sampling pool with representative sites throughout its distribution system for the balance of its sampling sites. For the purpose of this subsection (a)(4)(A)(iv), a representative site is a site in which the plumbing materials used at that site would be commonly found at other sites served by the water system. |
| B) | NTNCWS suppliers. |
| i) | An NTNCWS supplier must select NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites for its sampling pool. |
| ii) | If the NTNCWS supplier has an insufficient number of NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites, the supplier may complete its sampling pool with alternative NTNCWS sampling sites. |
| iii) | If the NTNCWS supplier has an insufficient number of NTNCWS tier 1 sampling sites and NTNCWS alternative sampling sites, the supplier must use representative sites throughout its distribution system. For the purpose of this subsection (a)(4)(B)(ii), a representative site is a site in which the plumbing materials used at that site would be commonly found at other sites served by the water system. |
| C) | Suppliers with lead service lines. Any supplier whose distribution system contains lead service lines must draw samples during each six-month monitoring period from sampling sites as follows: |
| i) | 50 percent of the samples from sampling sites that contain lead pipes or from sampling sites that have copper pipes with lead solder; and |
| ii) | 50 percent of those samples from sites served by a lead service line. |
| iii) | A supplier that cannot identify a sufficient number of sampling sites served by a lead service line must collect first-draw samples from all of the sites identified as being served by such lines. |
| b) | Sample collection methods. |
| 1) | All tap samples for lead and copper collected in accordance with this Subpart G, with the exception of lead service line samples collected under Section 611.354(c) and samples collected under subsection (b)(5) of this Section, must be first-draw samples. |
| 2) | First-draw tap samples. |
| A) | Each first-draw tap sample for lead and copper must be one liter in volume and have stood motionless in the plumbing system of each sampling site for at least six hours. |
| B) | First-draw samples from residential housing must be collected from the cold water kitchen tap or bathroom sink tap. |
| C) | First-draw samples from a non-residential building must be one liter in volume and must be collected at an interior tap from which water is typically drawn for consumption. |
| D) | Non-first-draw samples collected in lieu of first-draw samples pursuant to subsection (b)(5) of this Section must be one liter in volume and must be collected at an interior tap from which water is typically drawn for consumption. |
| E) | First-draw samples may be collected by the supplier or the supplier may allow residents to collect first-draw samples after instructing the residents of the sampling procedures specified in this subsection (b). |
| i) | To avoid problems of residents handling nitric acid, acidification of first-draw samples may be done up to 14 days after the sample is collected. |
| ii) | After acidification to resolubilize the metals, the sample must stand in the original container for the time specified in the approved USEPA method before the sample can be analyzed. |
| F) | If a supplier allows residents to perform sampling under subsection (b)(2)(D) of this Section, the supplier may not challenge the accuracy of sampling results based on alleged errors in sample collection. |
| 3) | Service line samples. |
| A) | Each service line sample must be one liter in volume and have stood motionless in the lead service line for at least six hours. |
| B) | Lead service line samples must be collected in one of the following three ways: |
| i) | At the tap after flushing that volume of water calculated as being between the tap and the lead service line based on the interior diameter and length of the pipe between the tap and the lead service line; |
| ii) | Tapping directly into the lead service line; or |
| iii) | If the sampling site is a single-family structure, allowing the water to run until there is a significant change in temperature that would be indicative of water that has been standing in the lead service line. |
| 4) | Follow-up first-draw tap samples. |
| A) | A supplier must collect each follow-up first-draw tap sample from the same sampling site from which it collected the previous samples. |
| B) | If, for any reason, the supplier cannot gain entry to a sampling site in order to collect a follow-up tap sample, the supplier may collect the follow-up tap sample from another sampling site in its sampling pool, as long as the new site meets the same targeting criteria and is within reasonable proximity of the original site. |
| 5) | Substitute non-first-draw samples. |
| A) | A NTNCWS supplier or a CWS supplier that meets the criteria of Sections 611.355(c)(7)(A) and (c)(7)(B), that does not have enough taps that can supply first-draw samples, as defined in Section 611.102, may apply to the Agency in writing to substitute non-first-draw samples by a SEP granted under Section 611.110. |
| B) | A supplier approved to substitute non-first-draw samples must collect as many first-draw samples from appropriate taps as possible and identify sampling times and locations that would likely result in the longest standing time for the remaining sites. |
| C) | The Agency may grant a SEP that waives the requirement for prior Agency approval of non-first-draw sample sites selected by the system. |
| c) | Number of samples. |
| 1) | Suppliers must collect at least one sample from the number of sites listed in the first column of Table D of this Part (labelled “standard monitoring”) during each six-month monitoring period specified in subsection (d) of this Section. |
| 2) | A supplier conducting reduced monitoring pursuant to subsection (d)(4) of this Section must collect one sample from the number of sites specified in the second column of Table D of this Part (labelled “reduced monitoring”) during each reduced monitoring period specified in subsection (d)(4) of this Section. Such reduced monitoring sites must be representative of the sites required for standard monitoring. The Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, specify sampling locations when a system is conducting reduced monitoring. |
| d) | Timing of monitoring. |
| 1) | Initial tap sampling. The first six-month monitoring period for small, medium-sized and large system suppliers must begin on the dates specified in Table E of this Part. |
| A) | All large system suppliers must monitor during each of two consecutive six-month periods. |
| B) | All small- and medium-sized system suppliers must monitor during each consecutive six-month monitoring period until the following is true: |
| i) | The supplier exceeds the lead action level or the copper action level and is therefore required to implement the corrosion control treatment requirements under Section 611.351, in which case the supplier must continue monitoring in accordance with subsection (d)(2) of this Section; or |
| ii) | The supplier meets the lead action level and the copper action level during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods, in which case the supplier may reduce monitoring in accordance with subsection (d)(4) of this Section. |
| 2) | Monitoring after installation of corrosion control and source water treatment. |
| A) | Any large system supplier that installs optimal corrosion control treatment pursuant to Section 611.351(d)(4) must |
| B) | Any small- or medium-sized system supplier that installs optimal corrosion control treatment pursuant to Section 611.351(e)(5) must monitor during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods before |
| C) | Any supplier that installs source water treatment pursuant to Section 611.353(a)(3) must monitor during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods before |
| 3) | Monitoring after the Agency specification of water quality parameter values for optimal corrosion control. After the Agency specifies the values for water quality control parameters pursuant to Section 611.352(f), the supplier must monitor during each subsequent six-month monitoring period, with the first six-month monitoring period to begin on the date the Agency specifies the optimal values. |
| 4) | Reduced monitoring. |
| A) | Reduction to annual for small- and medium-sized system suppliers meeting the lead and copper action levels. A small- or medium-sized system supplier that meets the lead and copper action levels during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods may reduce the number of samples in accordance with subsection (c) of this Section, and reduce the frequency of sampling to once per year. |
| B) | SEP allowing reduction to annual for suppliers maintaining water quality control parameters. |
| i) | Any supplier that maintains the range of values for the water quality control parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment specified by the Agency under Section 611.352(f) during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods may reduce the frequency of monitoring to once per year and the number of lead and copper samples to that specified by subsection (c) of this Section if it receives written approval from the Agency in the form of a SEP granted pursuant to Section 611.110. |
| ii) | The Agency must review monitoring, treatment, and other relevant information submitted by the water system in accordance with Section 611.360, and must notify the system in writing by a SEP granted pursuant to Sections 611.110 when it determines the system is eligible to reduce its monitoring frequency to once every three years pursuant to this subsection (d)(4). |
| iii) | The Agency must review, and where appropriate, revise its determination under subsection (d)(4)(B)(i) of this Section when the supplier submits new monitoring or treatment data, or when other data relevant to the number and frequency of tap sampling becomes available to the Agency. |
| C) | Reduction to triennial for small- and medium-sized system suppliers. |
| i) | Small- and medium-sized system suppliers meeting lead and copper action levels. A small- or medium-sized system supplier that meets the lead and copper action levels during three consecutive years of monitoring may reduce the frequency of monitoring for lead and copper from annually to once every three years. |
| ii) | SEP for suppliers meeting optimal corrosion control treatment. Any supplier that maintains the range of values for the water quality control parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment specified by the Agency under Section 611.352(f) during three consecutive years of monitoring may reduce its monitoring frequency from annual to once every three years if it receives written approval from the Agency in the form of a SEP granted pursuant to Section 611.110. |
| iii) | The Agency must review, and where appropriate, revise its determination under subsection (d)(4)(C)(ii) of this Section when the supplier submits new monitoring or treatment data, or when other data relevant to the number and frequency of tap sampling becomes available to the Agency. |
| D) | Sampling at a reduced frequency. A supplier that reduces the number and frequency of sampling must collect these samples from representative sites included in the pool of targeted sampling sites identified in subsection (a) of this Section, preferentially selecting those sampling sites from the highest tier first. Suppliers sampling annually or less frequently must conduct the lead and copper tap sampling during the months of June, July, August, or September, unless the Agency has approved a different sampling period in accordance with subsection (d)(4)(D)(i) of this Section. |
| i) | The Agency may grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that approves a different period for conducting the lead and copper tap sampling for systems collecting a reduced number of samples. Such a period must be no longer than four consecutive months and must represent a time of normal operation where the highest levels of lead are most likely to occur. For a NTNCWS supplier that does not operate during the months of June through September and for which the period of normal operation where the highest levels of lead are most likely to occur is not known, the Agency must designate a period that represents a time of normal operation for the system. |
| ii) | A supplier monitoring annually that has been collecting samples during the months of June through September and which receives Agency approval to alter its sample collection period under subsection (d)(4)(D)(i) of this Section must collect its next round of samples during a time period that ends no later than 21 months after the previous round of sampling. A supplier monitoring once every three years that has been collecting samples during the months of June through September and which receives Agency approval to alter the sampling collection period as provided in subsection (d)(4)(D)(i) of this Section must collect its next round of samples during a time period that ends no later than 45 months after the previous round of sampling. Subsequent rounds of sampling must be collected annually or once every three years, as required by this Section. A small system supplier with a waiver granted pursuant to subsection (g) of this Section that has been collecting samples during the months of June through September and which receives Agency approval to alter its sample collection period under subsection (d)(4)(D)(i) of this Section must collect its next round of samples before the end of the nine-year compliance cycle (as that term is defined in Section 611.101). |
| E) | Any water system that demonstrates for two consecutive six-month monitoring periods that the tap water lead level computed under Section 611.350(c)(3) is less than or equal to 0.005 mg/ℓ and that the tap water copper level computed under Section 611.350(c)(3) is less than or equal to 0.65 mg/ℓ may reduce the number of samples in accordance with subsection (c) of this Section and reduce the frequency of sampling to once every three calendar years. |
| F) | Resumption of standard monitoring. |
| i) | Small- or medium-sized suppliers exceeding lead or copper action level. A small- or medium-sized system supplier subject to reduced monitoring that exceeds the lead action level or the copper action level must resume sampling in accordance subsection (d)(3) of this Section and collect the number of samples specified for standard monitoring under subsection (c) of this Section. Such a supplier must also conduct water quality parameter monitoring in accordance with Section 611.357 (b), (c), or (d) (as appropriate) during the six-month monitoring period in which it exceeded the action level. Any such supplier may resume annual monitoring for lead and copper at the tap at the reduced number of sites specified in subsection (c) of this Section after it has completed two subsequent consecutive six-month rounds of monitoring that meet the criteria of subsection (d)(4)(A) of this Section. Any such supplier may resume monitoring once every three years for lead and copper at the reduced number of sites after it demonstrates through subsequent rounds of monitoring that it meets the criteria of either subsection (d)(4)(C) or (d)(4)(E) of this Section. |
| ii) | Suppliers failing to operate within water quality control parameters. Any supplier subject to reduced monitoring frequency that fails to operate within the range of values for the water quality control parameters specified pursuant to Section 611.352(f) for more than nine days in any six-month period specified in Section 611.357(d) must conduct tap water sampling for lead and copper at the frequency specified in subsection (d)(3) of this Section, must collect the number of samples specified for standard monitoring under subsection (c) of this Section, and must resume monitoring for water quality parameters within the distribution system in accordance with Section 611.357(d). |
| G) | Any water supplier subject to a reduced monitoring frequency under subsection (d)(4) of this Section that either adds a new source of water or changes any water treatment must inform the Agency in writing in accordance with Section 611.360(a)(3). The Agency may, by a SEP granted pursuant to Section 611.110, require the system to resume sampling in accordance with subsection (d)(3) of this Section and collect the number of samples specified for standard monitoring under subsection (c) of this Section or take other appropriate steps such as increased water quality parameter monitoring or re-evaluation of its corrosion control treatment given the potentially different water quality considerations. |
| H) | A supplier required under subsection (d)(4)(F) of this Section to resume monitoring in accordance with Section 611.357(d) may resume reduced monitoring for lead and copper at the tap and for water quality parameters within the distribution system under the following conditions: |
| i) | The supplier may resume annual monitoring for lead and copper at the tap at the reduced number of sites specified in subsection (c) of this Section after it has completed two subsequent six-month rounds of monitoring that meet the criteria of subsection (d)(4)(B) of this Section and the supplier has received written approval from the Agency by a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that it is appropriate to resume reduced monitoring on an annual frequency. |
| ii) | The supplier may resume monitoring for lead and copper once every three years at the tap at the reduced number of sites after it demonstrates through subsequent rounds of monitoring that it meets the criteria of either subsection (d)(4)(C) or (d)(4)(E) of this Section and the system has received a SEP under Section 611.110 from the Agency that it is appropriate to resume monitoring once every three years. |
| iii) | The supplier may reduce the number of water quality parameter tap water samples required in accordance with Section 611.357(e)(1) and the frequency with which it collects such samples in accordance with Section 611.357(e)(2). Such a system may not resume monitoring once every three years for water quality parameters at the tap until it demonstrates, in accordance with the requirements of Section 611.357(e)(2), that it has re-qualified for monitoring once every three years. |
| e) | Additional monitoring. The results of any monitoring conducted in addition to the minimum requirements of this Section must be considered by the supplier and the Agency in making any determinations (i.e., calculating the 90th percentile lead action level or the copper level) under this Subpart G. |
| f) | Invalidation of lead or copper tap water samples. A sample invalidated under this subsection does not count toward determining lead or copper 90th percentile levels under Section 611.350(c)(3) or toward meeting the minimum monitoring requirements of subsection (c) of this Section. |
| 1) | The Agency must invalidate a lead or copper tap water sample if it determines that one of the following conditions exists: |
| A) | The laboratory establishes that improper sample analysis caused erroneous results; |
| B) | The sample was taken from a site that did not meet the site selection criteria of this Section; |
| C) | The sample container was damaged in transit; or |
| D) | There is substantial reason to believe that the sample was subject to tampering. |
| 2) | The supplier must report the results of all samples to the Agency and all supporting documentation for samples the supplier believes should be invalidated. |
| 3) | To invalidate a sample under subsection (f)(1) of this Section, the decision and the rationale for the decision must be documented in writing. The Agency may not invalidate a sample solely on the grounds that a follow-up sample result is higher or lower than that of the original sample. |
| 4) | The water supplier must collect replacement samples for any samples invalidated under this Section if, after the invalidation of one or more samples, the supplier has too few samples to meet the minimum requirements of subsection (c) of this Section. Any such replacement samples must be taken as soon as possible, but no later than 20 days after the date the Agency invalidates the sample or by the end of the applicable monitoring period, whichever occurs later. Replacement samples taken after the end of the applicable monitoring period must not also be used to meet the monitoring requirements of a subsequent monitoring period. The replacement samples must be taken at the same locations as the invalidated samples or, if that is not possible, at locations other than those already used for sampling during the monitoring period. |
| g) | Monitoring waivers for small system suppliers. Any small system supplier that meets the criteria of this subsection (g) may apply to the Agency to reduce the frequency of monitoring for lead and copper under this Section to once every nine years (i.e., a “full waiver”) if it meets all of the materials criteria specified in subsection (g)(1) of this Section and all of the monitoring criteria specified in subsection (g)(2) of this Section. Any small system supplier that meets the criteria in subsections (g)(1) and (g)(2) of this Section only for lead, or only for copper, may apply to the State for a waiver to reduce the frequency of tap water monitoring to once every nine years for that contaminant only (i.e., a “partial waiver”). |
| 1) | Materials criteria. The supplier must demonstrate that its distribution system and service lines and all drinking water supply plumbing, including plumbing conveying drinking water within all residences and buildings connected to the system, are free of lead-containing materials or copper-containing materials, as those terms are defined in this subsection (g)(1), as follows: |
| A) | Lead. To qualify for a full waiver, or a waiver of the tap water monitoring requirements for lead (i.e., a “lead waiver”), the water supplier must provide certification and supporting documentation to the Agency that the system is free of all lead-containing materials, as follows: |
| i) | It contains no plastic pipes that contain lead plasticizers, or plastic service lines that contain lead plasticizers; and |
| ii) | It is free of lead service lines, lead pipes, lead soldered pipe joints, and leaded brass or bronze alloy fittings and fixtures, unless such fittings and fixtures meet the specifications of NSF Standard 61, section 9, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102. |
| B) | Copper. To qualify for a full waiver, or a waiver of the tap water monitoring requirements for copper (i.e., a “copper waiver”), the water supplier must provide certification and supporting documentation to the Agency that the system contains no copper pipes or copper service lines. |
| 2) | Monitoring criteria for waiver issuance. The supplier must have completed at least one six-month round of standard tap water monitoring for lead and copper at sites approved by the Agency and from the number of sites required by subsection (c) of this Section and demonstrate that the 90th percentile levels for any and all rounds of monitoring conducted since the system became free of all lead-containing or copper-containing materials, as appropriate, meet the following criteria: |
| A) | Lead levels. To qualify for a full waiver, or a lead waiver, the supplier must demonstrate that the 90th percentile lead level does not exceed 0.005 mg/ℓ. |
| B) | Copper levels. To qualify for a full waiver, or a copper waiver, the supplier must demonstrate that the 90th percentile copper level does not exceed 0.65 mg/ℓ. |
| 3) | State approval of waiver application. The Agency must notify the supplier of its waiver determination by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, in writing, setting forth the basis of its decision and any condition of the waiver. As a condition of the waiver, the Agency may require the supplier to perform specific activities (e.g., limited monitoring, periodic outreach to customers to remind them to avoid installation of materials that might void the waiver) to avoid the risk of lead or copper concentration of concern in tap water. The small system supplier must continue monitoring for lead and copper at the tap as required by subsections (d)(1) through (d)(4) of this Section, as appropriate, until it receives written notification from the Agency that the waiver has been approved. |
| 4) | Monitoring frequency for suppliers with waivers. |
| A) | A supplier with a full waiver must conduct tap water monitoring for lead and copper in accordance with subsection (d)(4)(D) of this Section at the reduced number of sampling sites identified in subsection (c) of this Section at least once every nine years and provide the materials certification specified in subsection (g)(1) of this Section for both lead and copper to the Agency along with the monitoring results. |
| B) | A supplier with a partial waiver must conduct tap water monitoring for the waived contaminant in accordance with subsection (d)(4)(D) of this Section at the reduced number of sampling sites specified in subsection (c) of this Section at least once every nine years and provide the materials certification specified in subsection (g)(1) of this Section pertaining to the waived contaminant along with the monitoring results. Such a supplier also must continue to monitor for the non-waived contaminant in accordance with requirements of subsections (d)(1) through (d)(4) of this Section, as appropriate. |
| C) | If a supplier with a full or partial waiver adds a new source of water or changes any water treatment, the supplier must notify the Agency in writing in accordance with Section 611.360(a)(3). The Agency has the authority to require the supplier to add or modify waiver conditions (e.g., require recertification that the supplier’s system is free of lead-containing or copper-containing materials, require additional rounds of monitoring), if it deems such modifications are necessary to address treatment or source water changes at the system. |
| D) | If a supplier with a full or partial waiver becomes aware that it is no longer free of lead-containing or copper-containing materials, as appropriate (e.g., as a result of new construction or repairs), the supplier must notify the Agency in writing no later than 60 days after becoming aware of such a change. |
| 5) | Continued eligibility. If the supplier continues to satisfy the requirements of subsection (g)(4) of this Section, the waiver will be renewed automatically, unless any of the conditions listed in subsection (g)(5)(A) through (g)(5)(C) of this Section occur. A supplier whose waiver has been revoked may re-apply for a waiver at such time as it again meets the appropriate materials and monitoring criteria of subsections (g)(1) and (g)(2) of this Section. |
| A) | A supplier with a full waiver or a lead waiver no longer satisfies the materials criteria of subsection (g)(1)(A) of this Section or has a 90th percentile lead level greater than 0.005 mg/ℓ. |
| B) | A supplier with a full waiver or a copper waiver no longer satisfies the materials criteria of subsection (g)(1)(B) of this Section or has a 90th percentile copper level greater than 0.65 mg/ℓ. |
| C) | The State notifies the supplier, in writing, that the waiver has been revoked, setting forth the basis of its decision. |
| 6) | Requirements following waiver revocation. A supplier whose full or partial waiver has been revoked by the Agency is subject to the corrosion control treatment and lead and copper tap water monitoring requirements, as follows: |
| A) | If the supplier exceeds the lead or copper action level, the supplier must implement corrosion control treatment in accordance with the deadlines specified in Section 611.351(e), and any other applicable requirements of this Subpart G. |
| B) | If the supplier meets both the lead and the copper action level, the supplier must monitor for lead and copper at the tap no less frequently than once every three years using the reduced number of sample sites specified in subsection (c) of this Section. |
| 7) | Pre-existing waivers. Small system supplier waivers approved by the Agency in writing prior to April 11, 2000 must remain in effect under the following conditions: |
| A) | If the supplier has demonstrated that it is both free of lead- containing and copper-containing materials, as required by subsection (g)(1) of this Section and that its 90th percentile lead levels and 90th percentile copper levels meet the criteria of subsection (g)(2) of this Section, the waiver remains in effect so long as the supplier continues to meet the waiver eligibility criteria of subsection (g)(5) of this Section. The first round of tap water monitoring conducted pursuant to subsection (g)(4) of this Section must be completed no later than nine years after the last time the supplier monitored for lead and copper at the tap. |
| B) | If the supplier has met the materials criteria of subsection (g)(1) of this Section but has not met the monitoring criteria of subsection (g)(2) of this Section, the supplier must conduct a round of monitoring for lead and copper at the tap demonstrating that it met the criteria of subsection (g)(2) of this Section no later than September 30, 2000. Thereafter, the waiver must remain in effect as long as the supplier meets the continued eligibility criteria of subsection (g)(5) of this Section. The first round of tap water monitoring conducted pursuant to subsection (g)(4) of this Section must be completed no later than nine years after the round of monitoring conducted pursuant to subsection (g)(2) of this Section. |
| Section 611.358 | Monitoring for Lead and Copper in Source Water |
| a) | Sample location, collection methods, and number of samples. |
| 1) | A supplier that fails to meet the lead action level or the copper action level on the basis of tap samples collected in accordance with Section 611.356 must collect lead and copper source water samples in accordance with the following requirements regarding sample location, number of samples, and collection methods: |
| A) | A groundwater supplier must take a minimum of one sample at every entry point to the distribution system that is representative of each well after treatment (hereafter called a sampling point). The supplier must take one sample at the same sampling point unless conditions make another sampling point more representative of each source or treatment plant. |
| B) | A surface water supplier must take a minimum of one sample at every entry point to the distribution system after any application of treatment or in the distribution system at a point that is representative of each source after treatment (hereafter called a sampling point). The system must take each sample at the same sampling point unless conditions make another sampling point more representative of each source or treatment plant. |
| C) | If a supplier draws water from more than one source and the sources are combined before distribution, the supplier must sample at an entry point to the distribution system during periods of normal operating conditions (i.e., when water is representative of all sources being used). |
| D) | The Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, reduce the total number of samples that must be analyzed by allowing the use of compositing. Compositing of samples must be done by certified laboratory personnel. Composite samples from a maximum of five samples are allowed, provided that if the lead concentration in the composite sample is greater than or equal to 0.001 mg/ℓ or the copper concentration is greater than or equal to 0.160 mg/ℓ, then the supplier must do either of the following: |
| i) | The supplier must take and analyze a follow-up sample within 14 days at each sampling point included in the composite; or |
| ii) | If duplicates of or sufficient quantities from the original samples from each sampling point used in the composite are available, the supplier may use these instead of resampling. |
| 2) | SEP requiring an additional sample. |
| A) | When the Agency determines that the results of sampling indicate an exceedence of the lead or copper MPC established under Section 611.353(b)(4), it must, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, require the supplier to collect one additional sample as soon as possible after the initial sample at the same sampling point, but no later than two weeks after the supplier took the initial sample. |
| B) | If a supplier takes an Agency-required confirmation sample for lead or copper, the supplier must average the results obtained from the initial sample with the results obtained from the confirmation sample in determining compliance with the Agency-specified lead and copper MPCs. |
| i) | Any analytical result below the MDL must be considered as zero for the purposes of averaging. |
| ii) | Any value above the MDL but below the PQL must either be considered as the measured value or be considered one-half the PQL. |
| b) | Monitoring frequency after system exceeds tap water action level. A supplier that exceeds the lead action level or the copper action level in tap sampling must collect one source water sample from each entry point to the distribution system within six months after the exceedence. |
| c) | Monitoring frequency after installation of source water treatment. A supplier that installs source water treatment pursuant to Section 611.353(a)(3) must collect an additional source water sample from each entry point to the distribution system during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods on or before |
| d) | Monitoring frequency after the Agency has specified the lead and copper MPCs or has determined that source water treatment is not needed. |
| 1) | A supplier must monitor at the frequency specified by subsection (d)(1)(A) or (d)(1)(B) of this Section where the Agency has specified the MPCs pursuant to Section 611.353(b)(4) or has determined that the supplier is not required to install source water treatment pursuant to Section 611.353(b)(2). |
| A) | GWS suppliers. |
| i) | A GWS supplier required to sample by subsection (d)(1) of this Section must collect samples once during the three-year compliance period (as that term is defined in Section 611.101) during which the Agency makes its determination pursuant to Section 611.353(b)(4) or 611.353(b)(2). |
| ii) | A GWS supplier required to sample by subsection (d)(1) of this Section must collect samples once during each subsequent compliance period. |
| B) | A SWS or mixed system supplier must collect samples annually, the first annual monitoring period to begin on the date on which the Agency makes its determination pursuant to Section 611.353(b)(4) or 611.353(b)(2). |
| 2) | A supplier is not required to conduct source water sampling for lead or copper if the supplier meets the action level for the specific contaminant in all tap water samples collected during the entire source water sampling period applicable under subsection (d)(1)(A) or (d)(1)(B) of this Section. |
| e) | Reduced monitoring frequency. |
| 1) | A GWS supplier may reduce the monitoring frequency for lead and copper in source water to once during each nine-year compliance cycle (as that term is defined in Section 611.101) if the supplier meets one of the following criteria: |
| A) | The supplier demonstrates that finished drinking water entering the distribution system has been maintained below the maximum permissible lead and copper concentrations specified by the State in Section 611.353(b)(4) during at least three consecutive compliance periods under subsection (d)(1) of this Section; or |
| B) | The Agency has determined, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, that source water treatment is not needed and the system demonstrates that, during at least three consecutive compliance periods in which sampling was conducted under subsection (d)(1) of this Section, the concentration of lead in source water was less than or equal to 0.005 mg/ℓ and the concentration of copper in source water was less than or equal to 0.65 mg/ℓ. |
| 2) | A SWS or mixed system supplier may reduce the monitoring frequency in subsection (d)(1) of this Section to once during each nine-year compliance cycle (as that term is defined in Section 611.101) if the supplier meets one of the following criteria: |
| A) | The supplier demonstrates that finished drinking water entering the distribution system has been maintained below the maximum permissible lead and copper concentrations specified by the Agency under Section 611.353(b)(4) for at least three consecutive years; or |
| B) | The Agency has determined, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, that source water treatment is not needed and the supplier demonstrates that, during at least three consecutive years, the concentration of lead in source water was less than or equal to 0.005 mg/ℓ and the concentration of copper in source water was less than or equal to 0.65 mg/ℓ. |
| 3) | A supplier that uses a new source of water is not eligible for reduced monitoring for lead or copper until it demonstrates by samples collected from the new source during three consecutive monitoring periods, of the appropriate duration provided by subsection (d)(1) of this Section, that lead or copper concentrations are below the MPC as specified by the Agency pursuant to Section 611.353(a)(4). |
| Section 611.360 | Reporting |
| a) | Reporting for tap, lead, and copper, and water quality parameter monitoring. |
| 1) | Except as provided in subsection (a)(1)(viii) of this Section, a supplier must report the following information for all samples specified in Section 611.356 and for all water quality parameter samples specified in Section 611.357 within ten days of the end of each applicable sampling period specified in Sections 611.356 and 611.357 (i.e., every six months, annually, every three years, or every nine years). |
| A) | The results of all tap samples for lead and copper, including the location of each site and the criteria under Section 611.356(a)(3) through (a)(7) under which the site was selected for the supplier’s sampling pool; |
| B) | Documentation for each tap water lead or copper sample for which the water supplier requests invalidation pursuant to Section 611.356(f)(2); |
| C) | This subsection (a)(1)(C) corresponds with 40 CFR 141.90(a)(1)(iii), a provision that USEPA removed and marked “reserved.” This statement preserves structural parity with the federal rules; |
| D) | The 90th percentile lead and copper concentrations measured from among all lead and copper tap samples collected during each sampling period (calculated in accordance with Section 611.350(c)(3)), unless the Agency calculates the system’s 90th percentile lead and copper levels under subsection (h) of this Section; |
| E) | With the exception of initial tap sampling conducted pursuant to Section 611.356(d)(1), the supplier must designate any site that was not sampled during previous sampling periods, and include an explanation of why sampling sites have changed; |
| F) | The results of all tap samples for pH, and where applicable, alkalinity, calcium, conductivity, temperature, and orthophosphate or silica collected pursuant to Section 611.357(b) through (e); |
| G) | The results of all samples collected at entry points for applicable water quality parameters pursuant to Section 611.357(b) through (e). |
| H) | A water supplier must report the results of all water quality parameter samples collected under Section 611.357(c) through (f) during each six-month monitoring period specified in Section 611.357(d) within the first 10 days following the end of the monitoring period, unless the Agency has specified, by a SEP granted pursuant to Section 611.110, a more frequent reporting requirement. |
| 2) | For a NTNCWS supplier, or a CWS supplier meeting the criteria of Sections 611.355(c)(7)(A) and (c)(7)(B), that does not have enough taps which can provide first-draw samples, the supplier must do either of the following: |
| A) | Provide written documentation to the Agency that identifies standing times and locations for enough non-first-draw samples to make up its sampling pool under Section 611.356(b)(5) by the start of the first applicable monitoring period under Section 611.356(d) that |
| B) | If the Agency has waived prior approval of non-first-draw sample sites selected by the supplier, identify, in writing, each site that did not meet the six-hour minimum standing time and the length of standing time for that particular substitute sample collected pursuant to Section 611.356(b)(5) and include this information with the lead and copper tap sample results required to be submitted pursuant to subsection (a)(1)(A) of this Section. |
| 3) | No later than 60 days after the addition of a new source or any change in water treatment, unless the Agency requires earlier notification, a water supplier deemed to have optimized corrosion control under Section 611.351(b)(3), a water supplier subject to reduced monitoring pursuant to Section 611.356(d)(4), or a water supplier subject to a monitoring waiver pursuant to Section 611.356(g), must send written documentation to the Agency describing the change. In those instances where prior Agency approval of the treatment change or new source is not required, USEPA has stated that it encourages water systems to provide the notification to the Agency beforehand to minimize the risk the treatment change or new source will adversely affect optimal corrosion control. |
| 4) | Any small system supplier applying for a monitoring waiver under Section 611.356(g), or subject to a waiver granted pursuant to Section 611.356(g)(3), must provide the following information to the Agency in writing by the specified deadline: |
| A) | By the start of the first applicable monitoring period in Section 611.356(d), any small water system supplier applying for a monitoring waiver must provide the documentation required to demonstrate that it meets the waiver criteria of Sections 611.356(g)(1) and (g)(2). |
| B) | No later than nine years after the monitoring previously conducted pursuant to Section 611.356(g)(2) or Section 611.356(g)(4)(A), each small system supplier desiring to maintain its monitoring waiver must provide the information required by Sections 611.356(g)(4)(A) and (g)(4)(B). |
| C) | No later than 60 days after it becomes aware that it is no longer free of lead-containing or copper-containing material, as appropriate, each small system supplier with a monitoring waiver must provide written notification to the Agency, setting forth the circumstances resulting in the lead-containing or copper-containing materials being introduced into the system and what corrective action, if any, the supplier plans to remove these materials. |
| D) | By October 10, 2000, any small system supplier with a waiver granted prior to April 11, 2000 and that had not previously met the requirements of Section 611.356(g)(2) must have provided the information required by that subsection. |
| 5) | Each GWS supplier that limits water quality parameter monitoring to a subset of entry points under Section 611.357(c)(3) must provide, by the commencement of such monitoring, written correspondence to the Agency that identifies the selected entry points and includes information sufficient to demonstrate that the sites are representative of water quality and treatment conditions throughout the system. |
| b) | Reporting for source water monitoring. |
| 1) | A supplier must report the sampling results for all source water samples collected in accordance with Section 611.358 within ten days of the end of each source water sampling period (i.e., annually, per compliance period, per compliance cycle) specified in Section 611.358. |
| 2) | With the exception of the first round of source water sampling conducted pursuant to Section 611.358(b), a supplier must specify any site that was not sampled during previous sampling periods, and include an explanation of why the sampling point has changed. |
| c) | Reporting for corrosion control treatment. By the applicable dates under Section 611.351, a supplier must report the following information: |
| 1) | For a supplier demonstrating that it has already optimized corrosion control, the information required by Section 611.352(b)(2) or (b)(3). |
| 2) | For a supplier required to optimize corrosion control, its recommendation regarding optimal corrosion control treatment pursuant to Section 611.352(a). |
| 3) | For a supplier required to evaluate the effectiveness of corrosion control treatments pursuant to Section 611.352(c), the information required by Section 611.352(c). |
| 4) | For a supplier required to install optimal corrosion control approved by the Agency pursuant to Section 611.352(d), a copy of the Agency permit letter, which acts as certification that the supplier has completed installing the permitted treatment. |
| d) | Reporting for source water treatment. On or before the applicable dates in Section 611.353, a supplier must provide the following information to the Agency: |
| 1) | If required by Section 611.353(b)(1), its recommendation regarding source water treatment; or |
| 2) | For suppliers required to install source water treatment pursuant to Section 611.353(b)(2), a copy of the Agency permit letter, which acts as certification that the supplier has completed installing the treatment approved by the Agency within 24 months after the Agency approved the treatment. |
| e) | Reporting for lead service line replacement. A supplier must report the following information to the Agency to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of Section 611.354: |
| 1) | Within 12 months after a supplier exceeds the lead action level in sampling referred to in Section 611.354(a), the supplier must report each of the following to the Agency in writing: |
| A) | A demonstration that it has conducted a materials evaluation, including the evaluation required by Section 611.356(a); |
| B) | Identify the initial number of lead service lines in its distribution system; and |
| C) | Provide the Agency with the supplier’s schedule for annually replacing at least seven percent of the initial number of lead service lines in its distribution system. |
| 2) | Within 12 months after a supplier exceeds the lead action level in sampling referred to in Section 611.354(a), and every 12 months thereafter, the supplier must demonstrate to the Agency in writing that the supplier has done either of the following: |
| A) | Replaced in the previous 12 months at least seven percent of the initial number of lead service lines in its distribution system (or any greater number of lines specified by the Agency pursuant to Section 611.354(e)); or |
| B) | Conducted sampling that demonstrates that the lead concentration in all service line samples from individual lines, taken pursuant to Section 611.356(b)(3), is less than or equal to 0.015 mg/ℓ. |
| C) | Where the supplier makes a demonstration under subsection (e)(2)(B) of this Section, the total number of lines that the supplier has replaced, combined with the total number that meet the criteria of Section 611.354(b), must equal at least seven percent of the initial number of lead lines identified pursuant to subsection (a) of this Section (or the percentage specified by the Agency pursuant to Section 611.354(e)). |
| 3) | The annual letter submitted to the Agency pursuant to subsection (e)(2) of this Section must contain the following information: |
| A) | The number of lead service lines originally scheduled to be replaced during the previous year of the supplier’s replacement schedule; |
| B) | The number and location of each lead service line actually replaced during the previous year of the supplier’s replacement schedule; and |
| C) | If measured, the water lead concentration from each lead service line sampled pursuant to Section 611.356(b)(3) and the location of each lead service line sampled, the sampling method used, and the date of sampling. |
| 4) | Any supplier that collects lead service line samples following partial lead service line replacement required by Section 611.354 must report the results to the Agency within the first ten days of the month following the month in which the supplier receives the laboratory results, or as specified by the Agency. The Agency may, by a SEP granted pursuant to Section 611.110, eliminate this requirement to report these monitoring results. A supplier must also report any additional information as specified by the Agency, and in a time and manner prescribed by the Agency, to verify that all partial lead service line replacement activities have taken place. |
| f) | Reporting for public education program. |
| 1) | Any water supplier that is subject to the public education requirements in Section 611.355 must, within ten days after the end of each period in which the supplier is required to perform public education tasks in accordance with Section 611.355(c), send written documentation to the Agency that contains the following: |
| A) | A demonstration that the supplier has delivered the public education materials that meet the content requirements in Sections 611.355(a) and (b) and the delivery requirements in Section 611.355(c); and |
| B) | A list of all the newspapers, radio stations, television stations, and facilities and organizations to which the supplier delivered public education materials during the period in which the supplier was required to perform public education tasks. |
| 2) | Unless required by the Agency, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, a supplier that previously has submitted the information required by subsection (f)(1)(B) of this Section need not resubmit the information required by subsection (f)(1)(B) of this Section, as long as there have been no changes in the distribution list and the supplier certifies that the public education materials were distributed to the same list submitted previously. |
| g) | Reporting of additional monitoring data. Any supplier that collects sampling data in addition to that required by this Subpart G must report the results of that sampling to the Agency within the first ten days following the end of the applicable sampling periods specified by Sections 611.356 through 611.358 during which the samples are collected. |
| h) | Reporting of 90th percentile lead and copper concentrations where the Agency calculates a system’s 90th percentile concentrations. A water supplier is not required to report the 90th percentile lead and copper concentrations measured from among all lead and copper tap water samples collected during each monitoring period, as required by subsection (a)(1)(D) of this Section if the following is true: |
| 1) | The Agency has previously notified the water supplier that it will calculate the water system’s 90th percentile lead and copper concentrations, based on the lead and copper tap results submitted pursuant to subsection (h)(2)(A) of this Section, and has specified a date before the end of the applicable monitoring period by which the supplier must provide the results of lead and copper tap water samples; |
| 2) | The supplier has provided the following information to the Agency by the date specified in subsection (h)(1) of this Section: |
| A) | The results of all tap samples for lead and copper including the location of each site and the criteria under Section 611.356(a)(3), (a)(4), (a)(5), (a)(6), or (a)(7) under which the site was selected for the system’s sampling pool, pursuant to subsection (a)(1)(A) of this Section; and |
| B) | An identification of sampling sites utilized during the current monitoring period that were not sampled during previous monitoring periods, and an explanation why sampling sites have changed; and |
| 3) | The Agency has provided the results of the 90th percentile lead and copper calculations, in writing, to the water supplier before the end of the monitoring period. |
| Section 611.600 | Applicability |
| a) | CWS suppliers. |
| b) | NTNCWS suppliers. |
| c) | Transient non-CWS suppliers to determine compliance with the nitrate and nitrite MCLs. |
| d) | Detection limits. The following are detection limits for purposes of this Subpart N (MCLs from Section 611.301 are set forth for information purposes only): |
| Contaminant | MCL (mg/ℓ, except asbestos) | Method | Detection Limit (mg/ℓ) |
| Antimony | 0.006 | Atomic absorption-furnace technique | 0.003 |
| Atomic absorption-furnace technique (stabilized temperature) | 0.00085 | ||
| Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry | 0.0004 | ||
| Atomic absorption-gaseous hydride technique | 0.001 | ||
| Arsenic | 0.0106 |
Atomic absorption-furnace technique | 0.001 |
| Atomic absorption-furnace technique (stabilized temperature) | 0.000057 | ||
| Atomic absorption-gaseous hydride technique | 0.001 | ||
| Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry | 0.00148 | ||
| Asbestos | 7 MFL1 | Transmission electron microscopy | 0.01 MFL |
| Barium | 2 | Atomic absorption-furnace technique | 0.002 |
| Atomic absorption-direct aspiration technique | 0.1 | ||
| Inductively-coupled plasma arc furnace | 0.002 | ||
| Inductively-coupled plasma | 0.001 | ||
| Beryllium | 0.004 | Atomic absorption-furnace technique | 0.0002 |
| Atomic absorption-furnace technique (stabilized temperature) | 0.000025 | ||
| Inductively-coupled plasma2 | 0.0003 | ||
| Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry | 0.0003 | ||
| Cadmium | 0.005 | Atomic absorption-furnace technique | 0.0001 |
| Inductively-coupled plasma | 0.001 | ||
| Chromium | 0.1 | Atomic absorption-furnace technique | 0.001 |
| Inductively-coupled plasma | 0.007 | ||
| Inductively-coupled plasma | 0.001 | ||
| Cyanide | 0.2 | Distillation, spectrophotometric3 | 0.02 |
| Automated distillation, spectrophotometric3 | 0.005 | ||
| Distillation, selective electrode3 | 0.05 | ||
| Distillation, amenable, spectrophotometric4 | 0.02 | ||
| UV, distillation, spectrophotometric | 0.0005 | ||
| Distillation, spectrophotometric | 0.0006 | ||
| Mercury | 0.002 | Manual cold vapor technique | 0.0002 |
| Automated cold vapor technique | 0.0002 | ||
| Nickel | No MCL | Atomic absorption-furnace technique | 0.001 |
| Atomic absorption-furnace technique (stabilized temperature) | 0.00065 | ||
| Inductively-coupled plasma2 | 0.005 | ||
| Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry | 0.0005 | ||
| Nitrate (as N) | 10 | Manual cadmium reduction | 0.01 |
| Automated hydrazine reduction | 0.01 | ||
| Automated cadmium reduction | 0.05 | ||
| Ion-selective electrode | 1 | ||
| Ion chromatography | 0.01 | ||
| Nitrite (as N) | 1 | Spectrophotometric | 0.01 |
| Automated cadmium reduction | 0.05 | ||
| Manual cadmium reduction | 0.01 | ||
| Ion chromatography | 0.004 | ||
| Selenium | 0.05 | Atomic absorption-furnace technique | 0.002 |
| Atomic absorption-gaseous hydride technique | 0.002 | ||
| Thallium | 0.002 | Atomic absorption-furnace technique | 0.001 |
| Atomic absorption-furnace technique (stabilized temperature) | 0.00075 | ||
| Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry | 0.0003 |
| 1 | “MFL” means millions of fibers per liter less than 10 m m. |
| 2 | Using a 2´ preconcentration step as noted in Method 200.7. Lower MDLs may be achieved when using a 4 ´ preconcentration. |
| 3 | Screening method for total cyanides. |
| 4 | Measures “free” cyanides. |
| 5 | Lower MDLs are reported using stabilized temperature graphite furnace atomic absorbtion. |
| 6 | The value for arsenic is effective January 23, 2006. Until then, the MCL is 0.05 mg/ℓ. |
| 7 | The MDL reported for USEPA Method 200.9 (atomic absorption-platform furnace (stabilized temperature)) was determined using a 2´ concentration step during sample digestion. The MDL determined for samples analyzed using direct analyses (i.e., no sample digestion) will be higher. Using multiple depositions, USEPA Method 200.9 is capable of obtaining an MDL of 0.0001 mg/ℓ. |
| 8 | Using selective ion monitoring, USEPA Method 200.8 (ICP-MS) is capable of obtaining an MDL of 0.0001 mg/ℓ. |
| Section 611.601 | Monitoring Frequency |
| a) | Required sampling. |
| 1) | Each supplier must take a minimum of one sample at each sampling point at the times required by Section 611.610 beginning in the initial compliance period. |
| 2) | Each sampling point must produce samples that are representative of the water from each source after treatment or from each treatment plant, as required by subsection (b) of this Section. The total number of sampling points must be representative of the water delivered to users throughout the PWS. |
| 3) | The supplier must take each sample at the same sampling point unless conditions make another sampling point more representative of each source or treatment plant and the Agency has granted a SEP pursuant to subsection (b)(5) of this Section. |
| b) | Sampling points. |
| 1) | Sampling points for GWSs. Unless otherwise provided by SEP, a GWS supplier must take at least one sample from each of the following points: each entry point that is representative of each well after treatment. |
| 2) | Sampling points for an SWS or a mixed system supplier . Unless otherwise provided by SEP, an SWS or mixed system supplier must take at least one sample from each of the following points: |
| A) | Each entry point after the application of treatment; or |
| B) | A point in the distribution system that is representative of each source after treatment. |
| 3) | If a supplier draws water from more than one source, and the sources are combined before distribution, the supplier must sample at an entry point during periods of normal operating conditions when water is representative of all sources being used. |
| 4) | Additional sampling points. The Agency must, by SEP, designate additional sampling points in the distribution system or at the consumer’s tap if it determines that such samples are necessary to more accurately determine consumer exposure. |
| 5) | Alternative sampling points. The Agency must, by SEP, approve alternate sampling points if the supplier demonstrates that the points are more representative than the generally required point. |
| c) | This subsection corresponds with 40 CFR 141.23(a)(4), an optional provision relating to compositing of samples that USEPA does not require for state programs. This statement maintains structural consistency with USEPA rules. |
| d) | The frequency of monitoring for the following contaminants must be in accordance with the following Sections: |
| 1) | Asbestos: Section 611.602; |
| 2) | Antimony, arsenic |
| 3) | Nitrate: Section 611.604; and |
| 4) | Nitrite: Section 611.605. |
| Section 611.609 | Determining Compliance |
| a) | For suppliers that monitor at a frequency greater than annual, compliance with the MCLs for antimony, arsenic |
| 1) | If the average at any sampling point is greater than the MCL, then the supplier is out of compliance. |
| 2) | If any one sample would cause the annual average to be exceeded, then the supplier is out of compliance immediately. |
| 3) | Any sample below the method detection limit must be calculated at zero for the purpose of determining the annual average. |
| b) | For suppliers that monitor annually or less frequently, compliance with the MCLs for antimony, arsenic |
| c) | Compliance with the MCLs for nitrate and nitrite is determined based on one sample if the levels of these contaminants are below the MCLs. If the levels of nitrate or nitrite in the initial sample exceed the MCLs, Section 611.606 requires confirmation sampling, and compliance is determined based on the average of the initial and confirmation samples. |
| d) | Arsenic sampling results must be reported to the nearest 0.001 mg/ℓ. |
| a) | Analysis for the following contaminants must be conducted using the following methods or an alternative approved pursuant to Section 611.480. Criteria for analyzing arsenic, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, selenium, sodium, and thallium with digestion or directly without digestion, and other analytical procedures, are contained in USEPA Technical Notes, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102. (This document also contains approved analytical test methods that remained available for compliance monitoring until July 1, 1996. These methods are not available for use after July 1, 1996.) |
| 1) | Alkalinity. |
| A) | Titrimetric. |
| i) | ASTM Method D1067-92 B; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 2320 B. |
| B) | Electrometric titration: USGS Methods: Method I-1030-85. |
| 2) | Antimony. |
| A) | Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8. |
| B) | Atomic absorption, hydride technique: ASTM Method D3697-92. |
| C) | Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9. |
| D) | Atomic absorption, furnace technique: Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3113 B. |
| 3) | Arsenic. |
| A) | Inductively-coupled plasma. |
| i) | USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 3120 B. |
| B) | Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8. |
| C) | Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9. |
| D) | Atomic absorption, furnace technique. |
| i) | ASTM Method D2972-97 C; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3113 B. |
| E) | Atomic absorption, hydride technique. |
| i) | ASTM Method D2972-97 B; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3114 B. |
| 4) | Asbestos: Transmission electron microscopy: USEPA Asbestos Methods-100.1 and USEPA Asbestos Methods-100.2. |
| 5) | Barium. |
| A) | Inductively-coupled plasma. |
| i) | USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 3120 B. |
| B) | Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8. |
| C) | Atomic absorption, direct aspiration technique: Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3111 D. |
| D) | Atomic absorption, furnace technique: Standard Methods, 18th, 19th ed.: Method 3113 B. |
| 6) | Beryllium. |
| A) | Inductively-coupled plasma. |
| i) | USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 3120 B. |
| B) | Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8. |
| C) | Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9. |
| D) | Atomic absorption, furnace technique. |
| i) | ASTM Method D3645-97 B; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3113 B. |
| 7) | Cadmium. |
| A) | Inductively-coupled plasma arc furnace: USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7. |
| B) | Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8. |
| C) | Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9. |
| D) | Atomic absorption, furnace technique: Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3113 B. |
| 8) | Calcium. |
| A) | EDTA titrimetric. |
| i) | ASTM Method D511-93 A; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 3500-Ca D. |
| B) | Atomic absorption, direct aspiration. |
| i) | ASTM Method D511-93 B; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3111 B. |
| C) | Inductively-coupled plasma. |
| i) | USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 3120 B. |
| 9) | Chromium. |
| A) | Inductively-coupled plasma. |
| i) | USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 3120 B. |
| B) | Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8. |
| C) | Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9. |
| D) | Atomic absorption, furnace technique: Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3113 B. |
| 10) | Copper. |
| A) | Atomic absorption, furnace technique. |
| i) | ASTM Method D1688-95 C; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3113 B. |
| B) | Atomic absorption, direct aspiration. |
| i) | ASTM Method D1688-95 A; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3111 B. |
| C) | Inductively-coupled plasma. |
| i) | USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 3120 B. |
| D) | Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8. |
| E) | Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9. |
| 11) | Conductivity; Conductance. |
| A) | ASTM Method D1125-95 A; or |
| B) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 2510 B. |
| 12) | Cyanide. |
| A) | Manual distillation (ASTM Method D2036-98 A or Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-CN- C), followed by spectrophotometric, amenable. |
| i) | ASTM Method D2036-98 B; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-CN- G. |
| B) | Manual distillation (ASTM Method D2036-98 A or Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-CN- C), followed by spectrophotometric, manual. |
| i) | ASTM Method D2036-98 A; |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-CN- E; or |
| iii) | USGS Methods: Method I-3300-85. |
| C) | Manual distillation (ASTM Method D2036-98 A or Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-CN- C), followed by semiautomated spectrophotometric: USEPA Environmental Inorganic Methods: Method 335.4. |
| D) | Selective electrode: Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-CN- F. |
| E) | UV/Distillation/Spectrophotometric: |
| F) | Distillation/Spectrophotometric: QuickChem 10-204-00-1-X. |
| 13) | Fluoride. |
| A) | Ion Chromatography. |
| i) | USEPA Environmental Inorganic Methods: Method 300.0, |
| ii) | ASTM Method D4327-97; or |
| iii) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4110 B. |
| B) | Manual distillation, colorimetric SPADNS: Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-F- B and D. |
| C) | Manual electrode. |
| i) | ASTM Method D1179-93 B; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-F- C. |
| D) | Automated electrode: Technicon Methods: Method 380-75WE. |
| E) | Automated alizarin. |
| i) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-F- E; or |
| ii) | Technicon Methods: Method 129-71W. |
| 14) | Lead. |
| A) | Atomic absorption, furnace technique. |
| i) | ASTM Method D3559-96 D; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3113 B. |
| B) | Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8. |
| C) | Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9. |
| D) | Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry: Palintest Method 1001. |
| 15) | Magnesium. |
| A) | Atomic absorption. |
| i) | ASTM Method D511-93 B; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3111 B. |
| B) | Inductively-coupled plasma. |
| i) | USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 3120 B. |
| C) | Complexation titrimetric. |
| i) | ASTM Method D511-93 A; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3500-Mg E. |
| iii) | Standard Methods, 20th ed.: Method 3500-Mg B. |
| 16) | Mercury. |
| A) | Manual cold vapor technique. |
| i) | USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 245.1; |
| ii) | ASTM Method D3223-97; or |
| iii) | Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3112 B. |
| B) | Automated cold vapor technique: USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method 245.2. |
| C) | Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8. |
| 17) | Nickel. |
| A) | Inductively-coupled plasma. |
| i) | USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 3120 B. |
| B) | Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8. |
| C) | Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9. |
| D) | Atomic absorption, direct aspiration technique: Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3111 B. |
| E) | Atomic absorption, furnace technique: Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3113 B. |
| 18) | Nitrate. |
| A) | Ion chromatography. |
| i) | USEPA Environmental Inorganic Methods: Method 300.0; |
| ii) | ASTM Method D4327-97; |
| iii) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4110 B; or |
| iv) | Waters Test Method B-1011, available from Millipore Corporation. |
| B) | Automated cadmium reduction. |
| i) | USEPA Environmental Inorganic Methods: Method 353.2; |
| ii) | ASTM Method D3867-90 A; or |
| iii) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-NO3- F. |
| C) | Ion selective electrode. |
| i) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-NO3- D; or |
| ii) | Technical Bulletin 601. |
| D) | Manual cadmium reduction. |
| i) | ASTM Method D3867-90 B; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-NO3- E. |
| 19) | Nitrite. |
| A) | Ion chromatography. |
| i) | USEPA Environmental Inorganic Methods: Method 300.0; |
| ii) | ASTM Method D4327-97; |
| iii) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4110 B; or |
| iv) | Waters Test Method B-1011, available from Millipore Corporation. |
| B) | Automated cadmium reduction. |
| i) | USEPA Environmental Inorganic Methods: Method 353.2; |
| ii) | ASTM Method D3867-90 A; or |
| iii) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-NO3- F. |
| C) | Manual cadmium reduction. |
| i) | ASTM Method D3867-90 B; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-NO3- E. |
| D) | Spectrophotometric: Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-NO2- B. |
| 20) | Orthophosphate (unfiltered, without digestion or hydrolysis). |
| A) | Automated colorimetric, ascorbic acid. |
| i) | USEPA Environmental Inorganic Methods: Method 365.1; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-P F. |
| B) | Single reagent colorimetric, ascorbic acid. |
| i) | ASTM Method D515-88 A; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-P E. |
| C) | Colorimetric, phosphomolybdate: USGS Methods: Method I-1601-85. |
| D) | Colorimetric, phosphomolybdate, automated-segmented flow: USGS Methods: Method I-2601-90. |
| E) | Colorimetric, phosphomolybdate, automated discrete: USGS Methods: Method I-2598-85. |
| F) | Ion Chromatography. |
| i) | USEPA Environmental Inorganic Methods: Method 300.0; |
| ii) | ASTM Method D4327-97; or |
| iii) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4110 B. |
| 21) | pH. |
| A) | Electrometric. |
| i) | USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method 150.1; |
| ii) | ASTM Method D1293-95; or |
| iii) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 4500-H+ B. |
| B) | USEPA Inorganic Methods: Method 150.2. |
| 22) | Selenium. |
| A) | Atomic absorption, hydride. |
| i) | ASTM Method D3859-98 A; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3114 B. |
| B) | Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8. |
| C) | Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9. |
| D) | Atomic absorption, furnace technique. |
| i) | ASTM Method D3859-98 B; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3113 B. |
| 23) | Silica. |
| A) | Colorimetric, molybdate blue: USGS Methods: Method I-1700-85. |
| B) | Colorimetric, molybdate blue, automated-segmented flow: USGS Methods: Method I-2700-85. |
| C) | Colorimetric: ASTM Method D859-95. |
| D) | Molybdosilicate: Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 4500-Si D or Standard Methods, 20th ed.: Method 4500-Si C. |
| E) | Heteropoly blue: Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 4500-Si E or Standard Methods, 20th ed.: Method 4500-Si D. |
| F) | Automated method for molybdate-reactive silica: Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 4500-Si F or Standard Methods, 20th ed.: Method 4500-Si E. |
| G) | Inductively-coupled plasma. |
| i) | USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7; or |
| ii) | Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 3120 B. |
| 24) | Sodium. |
| A) | Inductively-coupled plasma: USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.7. |
| B) | Atomic absorption, direct aspiration: Standard Methods, 18th or 19th ed.: Method 3111 B. |
| 25) | Temperature; thermometric: Standard Methods, 18th, 19th, or 20th ed.: Method 2550. |
| 26) | Thallium. |
| A) | Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.8. |
| B) | Atomic absorption, platform furnace technique: USEPA Environmental Metals Methods: Method 200.9. |
| b) | Sample collection for antimony, arsenic |
| 1) | Antimony. |
| A) | Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2. |
| B) | Plastic or glass (hard or soft). |
| C) | Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible, but in any event within |
| 2) | Arsenic. |
| A) | Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2. |
| B) | Plastic or glass (hard or soft). |
| C) | Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible, but in any event within |
| 3) | Asbestos. |
| A) | Preservative: Cool to 4° C. |
| B) | Plastic or glass (hard or soft). |
| C) | Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible, but in any event within 48 hours. |
| 4) | Barium. |
| A) | Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2. |
| B) | Plastic or glass (hard or soft). |
| C) | Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible, but in any event within |
| 5) | Beryllium. |
| A) | Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2. |
| B) | Plastic or glass (hard or soft). |
| C) | Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible, but in any event within six months. |
| 6) | Cadmium. |
| A) | Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2. |
| B) | Plastic or glass (hard or soft). |
| C) | Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible, but in any event within six months. |
| 7) | Chromium. |
| A) | Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2. |
| B) | Plastic or glass (hard or soft). |
| C) | Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible, but in any event within six months. |
| 8) | Cyanide. |
| A) | Preservative: Cool to 4° C. Add sodium hydroxide to pH greater than 12. See the analytical methods for information on sample preservation. |
| B) | Plastic or glass (hard or soft). |
| C) | Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible, but in any event within 14 days. |
| 9) | Fluoride. |
| A) | Preservative: None. |
| B) | Plastic or glass (hard or soft). |
| C) | Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible, but in any event within one month. |
| 10) | Mercury. |
| A) | Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2. |
| B) | Plastic or glass (hard or soft). |
| C) | Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible, but in any event within 28 days. |
| 11) | Nickel. |
| A) | Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2. |
| B) | Plastic or glass (hard or soft). |
| C) | Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible, but in any event within six months. |
| 12) | Nitrate, chlorinated. |
| A) | Preservative: Cool to 4° C. |
| B) | Plastic or glass (hard or soft). |
| C) | Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible, but in any event within 14 days. |
| 13) | Nitrate, non-chlorinated. |
| A) | Preservative: Concentrated sulfuric acid to pH less than 2. |
| B) | Plastic or glass (hard or soft). |
| C) | Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible, but in any event within 14 days. |
| 14) | Nitrite. |
| A) | Preservative: Cool to 4° C. |
| B) | Plastic or glass (hard or soft). |
| C) | Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible, but in any event within 48 hours. |
| 15) | Selenium. |
| A) | Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2. |
| B) | Plastic or glass (hard or soft). |
| C) | Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible, but in any event within six months. |
| 16) | Thallium. |
| A) | Preservative: Concentrated nitric acid to pH less than 2. |
| B) | Plastic or glass (hard or soft). |
| C) | Holding time: Samples must be analyzed as soon after collection as possible, but in any event within six months. |
| c) | Analyses under this Subpart N must be conducted by laboratories that received approval from USEPA or the Agency. The Agency must certify laboratories to conduct analyses for antimony, arsenic (effective January 23, 2006), asbestos, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide, fluoride, mercury, nickel, nitrate, nitrite, selenium, and thallium if the laboratory does as follows: |
| 1) | It analyzes performance evaluation (PE) samples, provided by the Agency pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 186, that include those substances at levels not in excess of levels expected in drinking water; and |
| 2) | It achieves quantitative results on the analyses within the following acceptance limits: |
| A) | Antimony: ± 30% at greater than or equal to 0.006 mg/ℓ. |
| B) | Arsenic: ± 30% at greater than or equal to 0.003 mg/ℓ. |
| C) | Asbestos: 2 standard deviations based on study statistics. |
| D) | Barium: ± 15% at greater than or equal to 0.15 mg/ℓ. |
| E) | Beryllium: ± 15% at greater than or equal to 0.001 mg/ℓ. |
| F) | Cadmium: ± 20% at greater than or equal to 0.002 mg/ℓ. |
| G) | Chromium: ± 15% at greater than or equal to 0.01 mg/ℓ. |
| H) | Cyanide: ± 25% at greater than or equal to 0.1 mg/ℓ. |
| I) | Fluoride: ± 10% at 1 to 10 mg/ℓ. |
| J) | Mercury: ± 30% at greater than or equal to 0.0005 mg/ℓ. |
| K) | Nickel: ± 15% at greater than or equal to 0.01 mg/ℓ. |
| L) | Nitrate: ± 10% at greater than or equal to 0.4 mg/ℓ. |
| M) | Nitrite: ± 15% at greater than or equal to 0.4 mg/ℓ. |
| N) | Selenium: ± 20% at greater than or equal to 0.01 mg/ℓ. |
| O) | Thallium: ± 30% at greater than or equal to 0.002 mg/ℓ. |
| Section 611.631 | Special Monitoring for Inorganic Chemicals (Repealed) |
| Section 611.640 | Definitions |
| Contaminant | Analytical Methods |
| Benzene | 502.2, 524.2 |
| Carbon tetrachloride | 502.2, 524.2, 551.1 |
| Chlorobenzene | 502.2, 524.2 |
| 1,2-Dichlorobenzene | 502.2, 524.2 |
| 1,4-Dichlorobenzene | 502.2, 524.2 |
| 1,2-Dichloroethane | 502.2, 524.2 |
| cis-Dichloroethylene | 502.2, 524.2 |
| trans-Dichloroethylene | 502.2, 524.2 |
| Dichloromethane | 502.2, 524.2 |
| 1,2-Dichloropropane | 502.2, 524.2 |
| Ethylbenzene | 502.2, 524.2 |
| Styrene | 502.2, 524.2 |
| Tetrachloroethylene | 502.2, 524.2, 551.1 |
| 1,1,1-Trichloroethane | 502.2, 524.2, 551.1 |
| Trichloroethylene | 502.2, 524.2, 551.1 |
| Toluene | 502.2, 524.2 |
| 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene | 502.2, 524.2 |
| 1,1-Dichloroethylene | 502.2, 524.2 |
| 1,1,2-Trichloroethane | 502.2, 524.2 |
| Vinyl chloride | 502.2, 524.2 |
| Xylenes (total) | 502.2, 524.2 |
| Contaminant | Analytical Methods |
| 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD or dioxin) | Dioxin and Furan Method 1613 |
| 2,4-D | 515.2, 555, 515.1, 515.3, 515.4, ASTM Method D5317-93 |
| 2,4,5-TP (Silvex) | 515.2, 555, 515.1, 515.3, 515.4, ASTM Method D5317-93 |
| Alachlor | 505*, 507, 508.1, 525.2, 551.1 |
| Atrazine | 505*, 507, 508.1, 525.2, 551.1 |
| Benzo(a)pyrene | 525.2, 550, 550.1 |
| Carbofuran | 531.1, 531.2, Standard Methods, 18th ed. Supplement, 19th ed., or 20th ed.: Method 6610 |
| Chlordane | 505, 508, 508.1, 525.2 |
| Dalapon | 515.1, 552.1, 552.2, 515.3, 515.4 |
| Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate | 506, 525.2 |
| Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate | 506, 525.2 |
| Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) | 504.1, 551.1 |
| Dinoseb | 515.1, 515.2, 515.3, 515.4, 555 |
| Diquat | 549.1 |
| Endothall | 548.1 |
| Endrin | 505, 508, 508.1, 525.2, 551.1 |
| Ethylene Dibromide (EDB) | 504.1, 551.1 |
| Glyphosate | 547, Standard Methods, 18th ed., 19th ed., or 20th ed.: Method 6651 |
| Heptachlor | 505, 508, 508.1, 525.2, 551.1 |
| Heptachlor Epoxide | 505, 508, 508.1, 525.2, 551.1 |
| Hexachlorobenzene | 505, 508, 508.1, 525.2, 551.1 |
| Hexachlorocyclopentadiene | 505, 508, 508.1, 525.2, 551.1 |
| Lindane | 505, 508, 508.1, 525.2, 551.1 |
| Methoxychlor | 505, 508, 508.1, 525.2, 551.1 |
| Oxamyl | 531.1, 531.2, Standard Methods, 18th ed. Supplement, 19th ed., or 20th ed.: Method 6610 |
| PCBs (measured for compliance purposes as decchlorobiphenyl) | 508A |
| PCBs (qualitatively identified as Aroclors) | 505, 508, 508.1, 525.2 |
| Pentachlorophenol | 515.1, 515.2, 525.2, 555, 515.3, 515.4, ASTM Method D5317-93 |
| Picloram | 515.1, 515.2, 555, 515.3, 515.4, ASTM Method D5317-93 |
| Simazine | 505*, 507, 508.1, 525.2, 551.2 |
| Toxaphene | 505, 508, 525.2, 508.1 |
| Contaminant | Analytical Methods |
| Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs), Trihalomethanes (THMs), and Maximum Total Trihalomethane Potential | 502.2, 524.2, 551.1 |
| Contaminant | Analytical Methods |
| Aldrin | 505, 508, 508.1, 525.2 |
| DDT | 505, 508 |
| Dieldrin | 505, 508, 508.1, 525.2 |
| Section 611.646 | Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V Volatile Organic Contaminants |
| a) | Definitions. As used in this Section the following have the given meanings: |
| b) | Required sampling. Each supplier must take a minimum of one sample at each sampling point at the times required in subsection (u) of this Section. |
| c) | Sampling points. |
| 1) | Sampling points for a GWS. Unless otherwise provided by a SEP granted by the Agency pursuant to Section 611.110, a GWS supplier must take at least one sample from each of the following points: each entry point that is representative of each well after treatment. |
| 2) | Sampling points for an SWS or mixed system supplier. Unless otherwise provided by a SEP granted by the Agency pursuant to Section 611.110, an SWS or mixed system supplier must sample from each of the following points: |
| A) | Each entry point after treatment; or |
| B) | Points in the distribution system that are representative of each source. |
| 3) | The supplier must take each sample at the same sampling point unless the Agency has granted a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that designates another location as more representative of each source, treatment plant, or within the distribution system. |
| 4) | If a system draws water from more than one source, and the sources are combined before distribution, the supplier must sample at an entry point during periods of normal operating conditions when water is representative of all sources being used. |
| d) | Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier must take four consecutive quarterly samples for each of the Phase I VOCs, excluding vinyl chloride, and Phase II VOCs during each compliance period, beginning in the compliance period starting in the initial compliance period. |
| e) | Reduction to annual monitoring frequency. If the initial monitoring for the Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs, as allowed in subsection (r)(1) of this Section, was completed by December 31, 1992, and the supplier did not detect any of the Phase I VOCs, including vinyl chloride; Phase II VOCs; or Phase V VOCs, then the supplier must take one sample annually beginning in the initial compliance period. |
| f) | GWS reduction to triennial monitoring frequency. After a minimum of three years of annual sampling, GWS suppliers that have not previously detected any of the Phase I VOCs, including vinyl chloride; Phase II VOCs; or Phase V VOCs must take one sample during each three-year compliance period. |
| g) | A CWS or NTNCWS supplier that has completed the initial round of monitoring required by subsection (d) of this Section and which did not detect any of the Phase I VOCs, including vinyl chloride; Phase II VOCs; and Phase V VOCs may apply to the Agency for a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that releases it from the requirements of subsection (e) or (f) of this Section. A supplier that serves fewer than 3300 service connections may apply to the Agency for a SEP that releases it from the requirements of subsection (d) of this Section as to 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. |
| h) | Vulnerability assessment. The Agency must consider the factors of Section 611.110(e) in granting a SEP from the requirements of subsection (d), (e), or (f) of this Section sought pursuant to subsection (g) of this Section. |
| i) | A SEP issued to a GWS pursuant to subsection (g) of this Section is for a maximum of six years, except that a SEP as to the subsection (d) of this Section monitoring for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene must apply only to the initial round of monitoring. As a condition of a SEP, except as to a SEP from the initial round of subsection (d) of this Section monitoring for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, the supplier shall, within 30 months after the beginning of the period for which the waiver was issued, reconfirm its vulnerability assessment required by subsection (h) of this Section and submitted pursuant to subsection (g) of this Section, by taking one sample at each sampling point and reapplying for a SEP pursuant to subsection (g) of this Section. Based on this application, the Agency must do either of the following: |
| 1) | If it determines that the PWS meets the standard of Section 611.610(e), issue a SEP that reconfirms the prior SEP for the remaining three-year compliance period of the six-year maximum term; or |
| 2) | Issue a new SEP requiring the supplier to sample annually. |
| j) | Special considerations for a SEP for an SWS or |
| 1) | The Agency must determine that an SWS is not vulnerable before issuing a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 to an SWS supplier. A SEP issued to an SWS or mixed system supplier pursuant to subsection (g) of this Section is for a maximum of one compliance period; and |
| 2) | The Agency may require, as a condition to a SEP issued to an SWS or mixed supplier, that the supplier take such samples for Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs at such a frequency as the Agency determines are necessary, based on the vulnerability assessment. |
| k) | If one of the Phase I VOCs, excluding vinyl chloride; a Phase II VOC; or a Phase V VOC is detected in any sample, then the following must occur: |
| 1) | The supplier must monitor quarterly for that contaminant at each sampling point that resulted in a detection. |
| 2) | Annual monitoring. |
| A) | The Agency must grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows a supplier to reduce the monitoring frequency to annual at a sampling point if it determines that the sampling point is reliably and consistently below the MCL. |
| B) | A request for a SEP must include the following minimal information: |
| i) | For a GWS, two quarterly samples. |
| ii) | For an SWS or mixed system supplier, four quarterly samples. |
| C) | In issuing a SEP, the Agency must specify the level of the contaminant upon which the “reliably and consistently” determination was based. Any SEP that allows less frequent monitoring based on an Agency “reliably and consistently” determination must include a condition requiring the supplier to resume quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection (k)(1) of this Section if it violates the MCL specified by Section 611.311. |
| 3) | Suppliers that monitor annually must monitor during the quarters that previously yielded the highest analytical result. |
| 4) | Suppliers that do not detect a contaminant at a sampling point in three consecutive annual samples may apply to the Agency for a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows it to discontinue monitoring for that contaminant at that point, as specified in subsection (g) of this Section. |
| 5) | A GWS supplier that has detected one or more of the two-carbon contaminants listed in subsection (k)(5)(A) of this Section must monitor quarterly for vinyl chloride as described in subsection (k)(5)(B) of this Section, subject to the limitation of subsection (k)(5)(C) of this Section. |
| A) | “Two-carbon contaminants” (Phase I or II VOC) are the following: |
| B) | The supplier must sample quarterly for vinyl chloride at each sampling point at which it detected one or more of the two-carbon contaminants listed in subsection (k)(5)(A) of this Section. |
| C) | The Agency must grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows the supplier to reduce the monitoring frequency for vinyl chloride at any sampling point to once in each three-year compliance period if it determines that the supplier has not detected vinyl chloride in the first sample required by subsection (k)(5)(B) of this Section. |
| l) | Quarterly monitoring following MCL violations. |
| 1) | Suppliers that violate an MCL for one of the Phase I VOCs, including vinyl chloride; Phase II VOCs; or Phase V VOCs, as determined by subsection (o) of this Section, must monitor quarterly for that contaminant, at the sampling point where the violation occurred, beginning the next quarter after the violation. |
| 2) | Annual monitoring. |
| A) | The Agency must grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that allows a supplier to reduce the monitoring frequency to annually if it determines that the sampling point is reliably and consistently below the MCL. |
| B) | A request for a SEP must include the following minimal information: four quarterly samples. |
| C) | In issuing a SEP, the Agency must specify the level of the contaminant upon which the “reliably and consistently” determination was based. Any SEP that allows less frequent monitoring based on an Agency “reliably and consistently” determination must include a condition requiring the supplier to resume quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection (l)(1) of this Section if it violates the MCL specified by Section 611.311. |
| D) | The supplier must monitor during the quarters that previously yielded the highest analytical result. |
| m) | Confirmation samples. The Agency may issue a SEP pursuant to Section 610.110 to require a supplier to use a confirmation sample for results that it finds dubious for whatever reason. The Agency must state its reasons for issuing the SEP if the SEP is Agency-initiated. |
| 1) | If a supplier detects any of the Phase I, Phase II, or Phase V VOCs in a sample, the supplier must take a confirmation sample as soon as possible, but no later than 14 days after the supplier receives notice of the detection. |
| 2) | Averaging is as specified in subsection (o) of this Section. |
| 3) | The Agency must delete the original or confirmation sample if it determines that a sampling error occurred, in which case the confirmation sample will replace the original or confirmation sample. |
| n) | This subsection (n) corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(f)(14), an optional USEPA provision relating to compositing of samples that USEPA does not require for state programs. This statement maintains structural consistency with USEPA rules. |
| o) | Compliance with the MCLs for the Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs must be determined based on the analytical results obtained at each sampling point. |
| 1) | |
| 2) | |
| 3) | |
| 4) | |
| 5) | |
| p) | This subsection (p) corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(f)(16), which USEPA removed and reserved. This statement maintains structural consistency with the federal regulations. |
| q) | Analysis under this Section must only be conducted by laboratories that have received certification by USEPA or the Agency according to the following conditions: |
| 1) | To receive certification to conduct analyses for the Phase I VOCs, excluding vinyl chloride; Phase II VOCs; and Phase V VOCs, the laboratory must do the following: |
| A) | It must analyze performance evaluation (PE) samples that include these substances provided by the Agency pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 186.170; |
| B) | It must achieve the quantitative acceptance limits under subsections (q)(1)(C) and (q)(1)(D) of this Section for at least 80 percent of the regulated organic contaminants in the PE sample; |
| C) | It must achieve quantitative results on the analyses performed under subsection (q)(1)(A) of this Section that are within ± 20 percent of the actual amount of the substances in the PE sample when the actual amount is greater than or equal to 0.010 mg/ℓ; |
| D) | It must achieve quantitative results on the analyses performed under subsection (q)(1)(A) of this Section that are within ± 40 percent of the actual amount of the substances in the PE sample when the actual amount is less than 0.010 mg/ℓ; and |
| E) | It must achieve a method detection limit of 0.0005 mg/ℓ, according to the procedures in 40 CFR 136, appendix B, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102. |
| 2) | To receive certification to conduct analyses for vinyl chloride the laboratory must do the following: |
| A) | It must analyze PE samples provided by the Agency pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 186.170; |
| B) | It must achieve quantitative results on the analyses performed under subsection (q)(2)(A) of this Section that are within ± 40 percent of the actual amount of vinyl chloride in the PE sample; |
| C) | It must achieve a method detection limit of 0.0005 mg/ℓ, according to the procedures in 40 CFR 136, appendix B, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102; and |
| D) | It must obtain certification pursuant to subsection (q)(1) of this Section for Phase I VOCs, excluding vinyl chloride; Phase II VOCs; and Phase V VOCs. |
| r) | |
| s) | The Agency shall, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, increase the number of sampling points or the frequency of monitoring if it determines that it is necessary to detect variations within the PWS. |
| t) | Each laboratory certified for the analysis of Phase I, Phase II, or Phase V VOCs pursuant to subsection (q)(1) or (q)(2) of this Section shall do the following: |
| 1) | Determine the method detection limit (MDL), as defined in 40 CFR 136, Appendix B, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102, at which it is capable of detecting the Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOCs; and, |
| 2) | Achieve an MDL for each Phase I, Phase II, and Phase V VOC that is less than or equal to 0.0005 mg/ℓ. |
| u) | Each supplier must monitor, within each compliance period, at the time designated by the Agency by SEP pursuant to Section 611.110. |
| v) | A new system supplier or a supplier that uses a new source of water that begins operation after January 22, 2004 must demonstrate compliance with the MCL within a period of time specified by a permit issued by the Agency. The supplier must also comply with the initial sampling frequencies specified by the Agency to ensure the supplier can demonstrate compliance with the MCL. Routine and increased monitoring frequencies must be conducted in accordance with the requirements in this Section. |
| Section 611.648 | Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V Synthetic Organic Contaminants |
| a) | Definitions. As used in this Section, the following terms will have the following meanings: |
| b) | Required sampling. Each supplier must take a minimum of one sample at each sampling point at the times required in subsection (q) of this Section. |
| c) | Sampling points. |
| 1) | Sampling points for GWSs. Unless otherwise provided by SEP, a GWS supplier must take at least one sample from each of the following points: each entry point that is representative of each well after treatment. |
| 2) | Sampling points for an SWS or mixed system supplier. Unless otherwise provided by SEP, an SWS or mixed system supplier must sample from each of the following points: |
| A) | Each entry point after treatment; or |
| B) | Points in the distribution system that are representative of each source. |
| 3) | The supplier must take each sample at the same sampling point unless the Agency has granted a SEP that designates another location as more representative of each source, treatment plant, or within the distribution system. |
| 4) | If a system draws water from more than one source, and the sources are combined before distribution, the supplier must sample at an entry point during periods of normal operating conditions when water is representative of all sources being used. |
| d) | Monitoring frequency. |
| 1) | Each CWS and NTNCWS supplier must take four consecutive quarterly samples for each of the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs during each compliance period, beginning in the three-year compliance period starting in the initial compliance period. |
| 2) | Suppliers serving more than 3,300 persons that do not detect a contaminant in the initial compliance period must take a minimum of two quarterly samples in one year of each subsequent three-year compliance period. |
| 3) | Suppliers serving fewer than or equal to 3,300 persons that do not detect a contaminant in the initial compliance period must take a minimum of one sample during each subsequent three-year compliance period. |
| e) | Reduction to annual monitoring frequency. A CWS or NTNCWS supplier may apply to the Agency for a SEP that releases it from the requirements of subsection (d) of this Section. A SEP from the requirement of subsection (d) of this Section must last for only a single three-year compliance period. |
| f) | Vulnerability assessment. The Agency must grant a SEP from the requirements of subsection (d) of this Section based on consideration of the factors set forth at Section 611.110(e). |
| g) | If one of the Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase V SOCs is detected in any sample, then the following must occur: |
| 1) | The supplier must monitor quarterly for the contaminant at each sampling point that resulted in a detection. |
| 2) | Annual monitoring. |
| A) | A supplier may request that the Agency grant a SEP pursuant to Section 610.110 that reduces the monitoring frequency to annual. |
| B) | A request for a SEP must include the following minimal information: |
| i) | For a GWS, two quarterly samples. |
| ii) | For an SWS or mixed system supplier, four quarterly samples. |
| C) | The Agency must grant a SEP that allows annual monitoring at a sampling point if it determines that the sampling point is reliably and consistently below the MCL. |
| D) | In issuing the SEP, the Agency must specify the level of the contaminant upon which the “reliably and consistently” determination was based. Any SEP that allows less frequent monitoring based on an Agency “reliably and consistently” determination must include a condition requiring the supplier to resume quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection (g)(1) of this Section if it detects any Phase II SOC. |
| 3) | Suppliers that monitor annually must monitor during the quarters that previously yielded the highest analytical result. |
| 4) | Suppliers that have three consecutive annual samples with no detection of a contaminant at a sampling point may apply to the Agency for a SEP with respect to that point, as specified in subsections (e) and (f) of this Section. |
| 5) | Monitoring for related contaminants. |
| A) | If monitoring results in detection of one or more of the related contaminants listed in subsection (g)(5)(B) of this Section, subsequent monitoring must analyze for all the related compounds in the respective group. |
| B) | Related contaminants. |
| i) | First group. |
| ii) | Second group. |
| h) | Quarterly monitoring following MCL violations. |
| 1) | Suppliers that violate an MCL for one of the Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase V SOCs, as determined by subsection (k) of this Section, must monitor quarterly for that contaminant at the sampling point where the violation occurred, beginning the next quarter after the violation. |
| 2) | Annual monitoring. |
| A) | A supplier may request that the Agency grant a SEP pursuant to Section 611.110 that reduces the monitoring frequency to annual. |
| B) | A request for a SEP must include, at a minimum, the results from four quarterly samples. |
| C) | The Agency must grant a SEP that allows annual monitoring at a sampling point if it determines that the sampling point is reliably and consistently below the MCL. |
| D) | In issuing the SEP, the Agency must specify the level of the contaminant upon which the “reliably and consistently” determination was based. Any SEP that allows less frequent monitoring based on an Agency “reliably and consistently” determination must include a condition requiring the supplier to resume quarterly monitoring pursuant to subsection (h)(1) of this Section if it detects any Phase II SOC. |
| E) | The supplier must monitor during the quarters that previously yielded the highest analytical result. |
| i) | Confirmation samples. |
| 1) | If any of the Phase II, Phase IIB, or Phase V SOCs are detected in a sample, the supplier must take a confirmation sample as soon as possible, but no later than 14 days after the supplier receives notice of the detection. |
| 2) | Averaging is as specified in subsection (k) of this Section. |
| 3) | The Agency must delete the original or confirmation sample if it determines that a sampling error occurred, in which case the confirmation sample will replace the original or confirmation sample. |
| j) | This subsection (j) corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(h)(10), an optional USEPA provision relating to compositing of samples that USEPA does not require for state programs. This statement maintains structural consistency with USEPA rules. |
| k) | Compliance with the MCLs for the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs must be determined based on the analytical results obtained at each sampling point. |
| 1) | |
| 2) | |
| 3) | |
| 4) | |
| 5) | |
| l) | This subsection (l) corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(h)(12), which USEPA removed and reserved. This statement maintains structural consistency with the federal regulations. |
| m) | Analysis for PCBs must be conducted as follows using the methods in Section 611.645: |
| 1) | Each supplier that monitors for PCBs must analyze each sample using either USEPA Organic Methods, Method 505 or Method 508. |
| 2) | If PCBs are detected in any sample analyzed using USEPA Organic Methods, Method 505 or 508, the supplier must reanalyze the sample using Method 508A to quantitate the individual Aroclors (as decachlorobiphenyl). |
| 3) | Compliance with the PCB MCL must be determined based upon the quantitative results of analyses using USEPA Organic Methods, Method 508A. |
| n) | |
| o) | The Agency must issue a SEP that increases the number of sampling points or the frequency of monitoring if it determines that this is necessary to detect variations within the PWS due to such factors as fluctuations in contaminant concentration due to seasonal use or changes in the water source. |
| p) | This subsection (p) corresponds with 40 CFR 141.24(h)(16), a USEPA provision relating to reserving enforcement authority to the State that would serve no useful function as part of the State’s rules. This statement maintains structural consistency with USEPA rules. |
| q) | Each supplier must monitor, within each compliance period, at the time designated by the Agency by SEP pursuant to Section 611.110. |
| r) | “Detection” means greater than or equal to the following concentrations for each contaminant: |
| 1) | for PCBs (Aroclors), the following: |
| Aroclor | Detection Limit (mg/ℓ) |
| 1016 | 0.00008 |
| 1221 | 0.02 |
| 1232 | 0.0005 |
| 1242 | 0.0003 |
| 1248 | 0.0001 |
| 1254 | 0.0001 |
| 1260 | 0.0002 |
| 2) | for other Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs, the following: |
| Contaminant | Detection Limit (mg/ℓ) |
| Alachlor | 0.0002 |
| Aldicarb | 0.0005 |
| Aldicarb sulfoxide | 0.0005 |
| Aldicarb sulfone | 0.0008 |
| Atrazine | 0.0001 |
| Benzo(a)pyrene | 0.00002 |
| Carbofuran | 0.0009 |
| Chlordane | 0.0002 |
| 2,4-D | 0.0001 |
| Dalapon | 0.001 |
| 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) | 0.00002 |
| Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate | 0.0006 |
| Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate | 0.0006 |
| Dinoseb | 0.0002 |
| Diquat | 0.0004 |
| Endothall | 0.009 |
| Endrin | 0.00001 |
| Ethylene dibromide (EDB) | 0.00001 |
| Glyphosate | 0.006 |
| Heptachlor | 0.00004 |
| Heptachlor epoxide | 0.00002 |
| Hexachlorobenzene | 0.0001 |
| Hexachlorocyclopentadiene | 0.0001 |
| Lindane | 0.00002 |
| Methoxychlor | 0.0001 |
| Oxamyl | 0.002 |
| Picloram | 0.0001 |
| Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (as decachlorobiphenyl) | 0.0001 |
| Pentachlorophenol | 0.00004 |
| Simazine | 0.00007 |
| Toxaphene | 0.001 |
| 2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin) | 0.000000005 |
| 2,4,5-TP (silvex) | 0.0002 |
| s) | Laboratory certification. |
| 1) | Analyses under this Section must only be conducted by laboratories that have received approval by USEPA or the Agency according to the conditions of subsection (s)(2) of this Section. |
| 2) | To receive certification to conduct analyses for the Phase II, Phase IIB, and Phase V SOCs, the laboratory must do the following: |
| A) | Analyze PE samples provided by the Agency pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 183.125(c) that include these substances; and |
| B) | Achieve quantitative results on the analyses performed under subsection (s)(2)(A) of this Section that are within the following acceptance limits: |
| SOC | Acceptance Limits |
| Alachlor | ± 45% |
| Aldicarb | 2 standard deviations |
| Aldicarb sulfone | 2 standard deviations |
| Aldicarb sulfoxide | 2 standard deviations |
| Atrazine | ± 45% |
| Benzo(a)pyrene | 2 standard deviations |
| Carbofuran | ± 45% |
| Chlordane | ± 45% |
| Dalapon | 2 standard deviations |
| Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate | 2 standard deviations |
| Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate | 2 standard deviations |
| Dinoseb | 2 standard deviations |
| Diquat | 2 standard deviations |
| Endothall | 2 standard deviations |
| Endrin | ± 30% |
| Glyphosate | 2 standard deviations |
| Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) | ± 40% |
| Ethylene dibromide (EDB) | ± 40% |
| Heptachlor | ± 45% |
| Heptachlor epoxide | ± 45% |
| Hexachlorobenzene | 2 standard deviations |
| Hexachlorocyclopentadiene | 2 standard deviations |
| Lindane | ± 45% |
| Methoxychlor | ± 45% |
| Oxamyl | 2 standard deviations |
| PCBs (as decachlorobiphenyl) | 0-200% |
| Pentachlorophenol | ± 50% |
| Picloram | 2 standard deviations |
| Simazine | 2 standard deviations |
| Toxaphene | ± 45% |
| 2,4-D | ± 50% |
| 2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin) | 2 standard deviations |
| 2,4,5-TP (silvex) | ± 50% |
| t) | A new system supplier or a supplier that uses a new source of water that begins operation after January 22, 2004 must demonstrate compliance with the MCL within a period of time specified by a permit issued by the Agency. The supplier must also comply with the initial sampling frequencies specified by the Agency to ensure the supplier can demonstrate compliance with the MCL. Routine and increased monitoring frequencies must be conducted in accordance with the requirements in this Section. |
| Section 611.658 | Special Monitoring for Organic Chemicals (Repealed) |
| Section 611.680 | Sampling, Analytical, and other Requirements (Repealed) |
| Section 611.683 | Reduced Monitoring Frequency (Repealed) |
| Section 611.684 | Averaging (Repealed) |
| Section 611.685 | Analytical Methods (Repealed) |
| Section 611.686 | Modification to System (Repealed) |
| Section 611.687 | Sampling for Maximum THM Potential (Repealed) |
| Section 611.731 | Gross Alpha |
| a) | |
| 1) | Applicability and sampling location for an existing CWS supplier. An existing CWS supplier using groundwater, surface water, or both groundwater and surface water (for the purpose of this Section hereafter referred to as a supplier) must sample at every entry point to the distribution system that is representative of all sources being used (hereafter called a sampling point) under normal operating conditions. The supplier must take each sample at the same sampling point, unless conditions make another sampling point more representative of each source or the Agency has designated a distribution system location, in accordance with subsection (b)(2)(C) of this Section. |
| 2) | Applicability and sampling location for a new CWS supplier. A new CWS supplier or a CWS supplier that uses a new source of water must begin to conduct initial monitoring for the new source within the first quarter after initiating use of the source. A CWS supplier must conduct more frequent monitoring when ordered by the Agency in the event of possible contamination or when changes in the distribution system or treatment processes occur that may increase the concentration of radioactivity in finished water. |
| b) | Initial monitoring: |
| 1) | A CWS supplier without acceptable historical data, as defined in subsection (b)(2) of this Section, must collect four consecutive quarterly samples at all sampling points before December 31, 2007. |
| 2) | Grandfathering of data: A CWS supplier may use historical monitoring data collected at a sampling point to satisfy the initial monitoring requirements for that sampling point, under the following situations. |
| A) | To satisfy initial monitoring requirements, a CWS supplier having only one entry point to the distribution system may use the monitoring data from the last compliance monitoring period that began between June 2000 and December 8, 2003. |
| B) | To satisfy initial monitoring requirements, a CWS supplier with multiple entry points and having appropriate historical monitoring data for each entry point to the distribution system may use the monitoring data from the last compliance monitoring period that began between June 2000 and December 8, 2003. |
| C) | To satisfy initial monitoring requirements, a CWS supplier with appropriate historical data for a representative point in the distribution system may use the monitoring data from the last compliance monitoring period that began between June 2000 and December 8, 2003, provided that the Agency finds that the historical data satisfactorily demonstrate that each entry point to the distribution system is expected to be in compliance based upon the historical data and reasonable assumptions about the variability of contaminant levels between entry points. The Agency must make its finding in writing, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, indicating how the data conforms to the requirements of this subsection (b)(2). |
| 3) | For gross alpha particle activity, uranium, radium-226, and radium-228 monitoring, the Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, waive the final two quarters of initial monitoring for a sampling point if the results of the samples from the previous two quarters are below the detection limit. |
| 4) | If the average of the initial monitoring results for a sampling point is above the MCL, the supplier must collect and analyze quarterly samples at that sampling point until the system has results from four consecutive quarters that are at or below the MCL, unless the supplier enters into another schedule as part of a formal compliance agreement with the Agency. |
| c) | Reduced monitoring: |
| 1) | If the average of the initial monitoring results for each contaminant (i.e., gross alpha particle activity, uranium, radium-226, or radium-228) is below the detection limit specified in the table at Section 611.720(c)(1), the supplier must collect and analyze for that contaminant using at least one sample at that sampling point every nine years. |
| 2) | For gross alpha particle activity and uranium, if the average of the initial monitoring results for each contaminant is at or above the detection limit but at or below one-half the MCL, the supplier must collect and analyze for that contaminant using at least one sample at that sampling point every six years. For combined radium-226 and radium-228, the analytical results must be combined. If the average of the combined initial monitoring results for radium-226 and radium-228 is at or above the detection limit but at or below one-half the MCL, the supplier must collect and analyze for that contaminant using at least one sample at that sampling point every six years. |
| 3) | For gross alpha particle activity and uranium, if the average of the initial monitoring results for each contaminant is above one-half the MCL but at or below the MCL, the supplier must collect and analyze at least one sample at that sampling point every three years. For combined radium-226 and radium-228, the analytical results must be combined. If the average of the combined initial monitoring results for radium-226 and radium-228 is above one-half the MCL but at or below the MCL, the supplier must collect and analyze at least one sample at that sampling point every three years. |
| 4) | A supplier must use the samples collected during the reduced monitoring period to determine the monitoring frequency for subsequent monitoring periods (e.g., if a supplier’s sampling point is on a nine year monitoring period, and the sample result is above one-half the MCL, then the next monitoring period for that sampling point is three years). |
| 5) | If a supplier has a monitoring result that exceeds the MCL while on reduced monitoring, the supplier must collect and analyze quarterly samples at that sampling point until the supplier has results from four consecutive quarters that are below the MCL, unless the supplier enters into another schedule as part of a formal compliance agreement with the Agency. |
| d) | Compositing: |
| e) | |
| 1) | The gross alpha measurement must have a confidence interval of 95% (1.65s , where s is the standard deviation of the net counting rate of the sample) for radium-226 and uranium. |
| 2) | When a supplier uses a gross alpha particle activity measurement in lieu of a radium-226 or uranium measurement, the gross alpha particle activity analytical result will be used to determine the future monitoring frequency for radium-226 or uranium. |
| 3) | If the gross alpha particle activity result is less than detection, one-half the detection limit will be used to determine compliance and the future monitoring frequency. |
| Section 611.732 | Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity |
| a) | |
| 1) | If the gross beta particle activity minus the naturally occurring potassium-40 beta particle activity at a sampling point has a running annual average (computed quarterly) less than or equal to 50 pCi/ℓ (screening level), the Agency may reduce the frequency of monitoring at that sampling point to once every three years. A supplier must collect all samples required in subsection (a) of this Section during the reduced monitoring period. |
| 2) | For a supplier in the vicinity of a nuclear facility, the Agency may allow the CWS supplier to utilize environmental surveillance data collected by the nuclear facility in lieu of monitoring at the supplier’s entry points, where the Agency determines if such data is applicable to a particular water system, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110. In the event that there is a release from a nuclear facility, a supplier that is using surveillance data must begin monitoring at the community water supplier’s entry points in accordance with subsection (b)(1) of this Section. |
| b) | |
| 1) | Quarterly monitoring for gross beta particle activity must be based on the analysis of monthly samples or the analysis of a composite of three monthly samples. |
| 2) | For iodine-131, a composite of five consecutive daily samples must be analyzed once each quarter. The Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, order more frequent monitoring for iodine-131 where it is identified in the finished water. |
| 3) | Annual monitoring for strontium-90 and tritium must be conducted by means of the analysis of a composite of four consecutive quarterly samples or analysis of four quarterly samples. |
| 4) | If the gross beta particle activity minus the naturally occurring potassium-40 beta particle activity at a sampling point has a running annual average (computed quarterly) less than or equal to 15 pCi/ℓ, the Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, reduce the frequency of monitoring at that sampling point to once every three years. The supplier must collect all samples required in subsection (b) of this Section during the reduced monitoring period. |
| 5) | For a supplier in the vicinity of a nuclear facility, the Agency may allow the CWS to utilize environmental surveillance data collected by the nuclear facility in lieu of monitoring at the system’s entry points, where the Agency determines, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, that such data is applicable to the particular water system. In the event that there is a release from a nuclear facility, a supplier that uses such surveillance data must begin monitoring at the CWS’s entry points in accordance with subsection (b) of this Section. |
| c) | |
| d) | |
| e) | |
| f) | |
| Section 611.733 | General Monitoring and Compliance Requirements |
| a) | The Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, require more frequent monitoring than specified in Sections 611.731 and 611.732 or may require confirmation samples. The results of the initial and confirmation samples will be averaged for use in a compliance determination. |
| b) | Each PWS supplier must monitor at the time designated by the Agency during each compliance period. |
| c) | Compliance: compliance with Section 611.330(b) through (e) must be determined based on the analytical results obtained at each sampling point. If one sampling point is in violation of an MCL, the supplier is in violation of the MCL. |
| 1) | For a supplier monitoring more than once per year, compliance with the MCL is determined by a running annual average at each sampling point. If the average of any sampling point is greater than the MCL, then the supplier is out of compliance with the MCL. |
| 2) | For a supplier monitoring more than once per year, if any sample result would cause the running average to exceed the MCL at any single sampling point, the supplier is immediately out of compliance with the MCL. |
| 3) | a supplier must include all samples taken and analyzed under the provisions of this Section and Sections 611.731 and 611.732 in determining compliance, even if that number is greater than the minimum required. |
| 4) | If a supplier does not collect all required samples when compliance is based on a running annual average of quarterly samples, compliance will be based on the running average of the samples collected. |
| 5) | If a sample result is less than the detection limit, zero will be used to calculate the annual average, unless a gross alpha particle activity is being used in lieu of radium-226 or uranium. If the gross alpha particle activity result is less than detection, one-half the detection limit will be used to calculate the annual average. |
| d) | The Agency may, by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110, allow the supplier to delete results of obvious sampling or analytic errors. |
| e) | If the MCL for radioactivity set forth in Section 611.330 (b) through (e) is exceeded, the operator of a CWS must give notice to the Agency pursuant to Section 611.840 and to the public, as required by Subpart V of this Part. |
| a) | Determination of a supplier required to profile. A PWS supplier subject to the requirements of this Subpart R must determine its TTHM annual average using the procedure in subsection (a)(1) of this Section and its HAA5 annual average using the procedure in subsection (a)(2) of this Section. The annual average is the arithmetic average of the quarterly averages of four consecutive quarters of monitoring. |
| 1) | The TTHM annual average that is used must be the annual average during the same period as the HAA5 annual average. |
| A) | A supplier that collected data under the provisions of 40 CFR 141 Subpart M (Information Collection Rule) must use the results of the samples collected during the last four quarters of required monitoring under former 40 CFR 141.42 (1995). |
| B) | A supplier that uses “grandfathered” HAA5 occurrence data that meet the provisions of subsection (a)(2)(B) of this Section must use TTHM data collected at the same time under the provisions of former Section 611.680. |
| C) | A supplier that uses HAA5 occurrence data that meet the provisions of subsection (a)(2)(C)(i) of this Section must use TTHM data collected at the same time under the provisions of Sections 611.310 and former 611.680. |
| 2) | The HAA5 annual average that is used must be the annual average during the same period as the TTHM annual average. |
| A) | A supplier that collected data under the provisions of 40 CFR 141 Subpart M (Information Collection Rule) must use the results of the samples collected during the last four quarters of required monitoring under former 40 CFR 141.42 (1995). |
| B) | A supplier that has collected four quarters of HAA5 occurrence data that meets the routine monitoring sample number and location requirements for TTHM in former Section 611.680 and handling and analytical method requirements of former Section 611.685 may use that data to determine whether the requirements of this Section apply. |
| C) | A supplier that |
| i) | Conduct monitoring for HAA5 that meets the routine monitoring sample number and location requirements for TTHM in former Section 611.680 and handling and analytical method requirements of former Section 611.685 to determine the HAA5 annual average and whether the requirements of subsection (b) of this Section apply; or |
| ii) | Comply with all other provisions of this Section as if the HAA5 monitoring had been conducted and the results required compliance with subsection (b) of this Section. |
| 3) | The supplier may request that the Agency approve a more representative annual data set than the data set determined under subsection (a)(1) or (a)(2) of this Section for the purpose of determining applicability of the requirements of this Section. |
| 4) | The Agency may require that a supplier use a more representative annual data set than the data set determined under subsection (a)(1) or (a)(2) of this Section for the purpose of determining the applicability of the requirements of this Section. |
| 5) | The supplier must submit data to the Agency on the schedule in subsections (a)(5)(A) through (a)(5)(E) of this Section. |
| A) | A supplier that collected TTHM and HAA5 data under the provisions of 40 CFR Subpart M (Information Collection Rule), as required by subsections (a)(1)(A) and (a)(2)(A) of this Section, must have submitted the results of the samples collected during the last 12 months of required monitoring under former Section 611.685 not later than December 31, 1999. |
| B) | A supplier that had collected four consecutive quarters of HAA5 occurrence data that meets the routine monitoring sample number and location for TTHM in former 40 CFR 141.42 (1994), and handling and analytical method requirements of former Section 611.685, as allowed by subsections (a)(1)(B) and (a)(2)(B) of this Section, must have submitted that data to the Agency not later than April 30, 1999. Until the Agency has approved the data, the supplier must conduct monitoring for HAA5 using the monitoring requirements specified under subsection (a)(2)(C) of this Section. |
| C) | A supplier that conducted monitoring for HAA5 using the monitoring requirements specified by subsections (a)(1)(C) and (a)(2)(C)(i) of this Section must have submitted TTHM and HAA5 data not later than March 31, 2000. |
| D) | A supplier that elected to comply with all other provisions of this Section as if the HAA5 monitoring had been conducted and the results required compliance with this Section, as allowed under subsection (a)(2)(C)(ii) of this Section, must have notified the Agency in writing of its election not later than December 31, 1999. |
| E) | If the supplier elected to request that the Agency approve a more representative data set than the data set determined under subsection (a)(2)(A) of this Section, the supplier must have submitted this request in writing not later than December 31, 1999. |
| 6) | Any supplier having either a TTHM annual average |
| b) | Disinfection profiling. |
| 1) | Any supplier that meets the standards in subsection (a)(6) of this Section must develop a disinfection profile of its disinfection practice for a period of up to three years. The Agency must determine the period of the disinfection profile, with a minimum period of one year. |
| 2) | The supplier must monitor daily for a period of 12 consecutive calendar months to determine the total logs of inactivation for each day of operation, based on the CT99.9 values in Appendix B of this Part, as appropriate, through the entire treatment plant. The supplier must have begun this monitoring not later than April 1, 2000. As a minimum, the supplier with a single point of disinfectant application prior to entrance to the distribution system must conduct the monitoring in subsections (b)(2)(A) through (b)(2)(D) of this Section. A supplier with more than one point of disinfectant application must conduct the monitoring in subsections (b)(2)(A) through (b)(2)(D) of this Section for each disinfection segment. The supplier must monitor the parameters necessary to determine the total inactivation ratio, using analytical methods in Section 611.531, as follows: |
| A) | The temperature of the disinfected water must be measured once per day at each residual disinfectant concentration sampling point during peak hourly flow. |
| B) | If the supplier uses chlorine, the pH of the disinfected water must be measured once per day at each chlorine residual disinfectant concentration sampling point during peak hourly flow. |
| C) | The disinfectant contact times (“T”) must be determined for each day during peak hourly flow. |
| D) | The residual disinfectant concentrations (“C”) of the water before or at the first customer and prior to each additional point of disinfection must be measured each day during peak hourly flow. |
| 3) | In lieu of the monitoring conducted under the provisions of subsection (b)(2) of this Section to develop the disinfection profile, the supplier may elect to meet the requirements of subsection (b)(3)(A) of this Section. In addition to the monitoring conducted under the provisions of subsection (b)(2) of this Section to develop the disinfection profile, the supplier may elect to meet the requirements of subsection (b)(3)(B) of this Section. |
| A) | A PWS supplier that had three years of existing operational data may have submitted that data, a profile generated using that data, and a request that the Agency approve use of that data in lieu of monitoring under the provisions of subsection (b)(2) of this Section not later than March 31, 2000. The Agency must determine whether the operational data is substantially equivalent to data collected under the provisions of subsection (b)(2) of this Section. The data must also be representative of Giardia lamblia inactivation through the entire treatment plant and not just of certain treatment segments. If the Agency determines that the operational data is substantially equivalent, the Agency must approve the request. Until the Agency approves this request, the system is required to conduct monitoring under the provisions of subsection (b)(2) of this Section. |
| B) | In addition to the disinfection profile generated under subsection (b)(2) of this Section, a PWS supplier that has existing operational data may use that data to develop a disinfection profile for additional years. The Agency must determine whether the operational data is substantially equivalent to data collected under the provisions of subsection (b)(2) of this Section. The data must also be representative of inactivation through the entire treatment plant and not just of certain treatment segments. If the Agency determines that the operational data is substantially equivalent, such systems may use these additional yearly disinfection profiles to develop a benchmark under the provisions of subsection (c) of this Section. |
| 4) | The supplier must calculate the total inactivation ratio as follows: |
| A) | If the supplier uses only one point of disinfectant application, the system may determine the total inactivation ratio for the disinfection segment based on either of the methods in subsection (b)(4)(A)(i) or (b)(4)(A)(ii) of this Section. |
| i) | Determine one inactivation ratio (CTcalc/CT99.9) before or at the first customer during peak hourly flow. |
| ii) | Determine successive CTcalc/CT99.9 values, representing sequential inactivation ratios, between the point of disinfectant application and a point before or at the first customer during peak hourly flow. Under this alternative, the supplier must calculate the total inactivation ratio (S (CTcalc/CT99.9)) by determining CTcalc/CT99.9 for each sequence and then adding the CTcalc/CT99.9 values together to determine S (CTcalc/CT99.9). |
| B) | If the supplier uses more than one point of disinfectant application before the first customer, the system must determine the CT value of each disinfection segment immediately prior to the next point of disinfectant application, or for the final segment, before or at the first customer, during peak hourly flow. The (CTcalc/CT99.9) value of each segment and (S (CTcalc/CT99.9)) must be calculated using the method in subsection (b)(4)(A) of this Section. |
| C) | The supplier must determine the total logs of inactivation by multiplying the value calculated in subsection (b)(4)(A) or (b)(4)(B) of this Section by 3.0. |
| 5) | A supplier that uses either chloramines or ozone for primary disinfection must also calculate the logs of inactivation for viruses using a method approved by the Agency. |
| 6) | The supplier must retain disinfection profile data in graphic form, as a spreadsheet, or in some other format acceptable to the Agency for review as part of sanitary surveys conducted by the Agency. |
| c) | Disinfection benchmarking. |
| 1) | Any supplier required to develop a disinfection profile under the provisions of subsections (a) and (b) of this Section and that decides to make a significant change to its disinfection practice must consult with the Agency prior to making such change. Significant changes to disinfection practice are the following: |
| A) | Changes to the point of disinfection; |
| B) | Changes to the disinfectants used in the treatment plant; |
| C) | Changes to the disinfection process; and |
| D) | Any other modification identified by the Agency. |
| 2) | Any supplier that is modifying its disinfection practice must calculate its disinfection benchmark using the procedure specified in subsections (c)(2)(A) and (c)(2)(B) of this Section. |
| A) | For each year of profiling data collected and calculated under subsection (b) of this Section, the supplier must determine the lowest average monthly Giardia lamblia inactivation in each year of profiling data. The supplier must determine the average Giardia lamblia inactivation for each calendar month for each year of profiling data by dividing the sum of daily Giardia lamblia of inactivation by the number of values calculated for that month. |
| B) | The disinfection benchmark is the lowest monthly average value (for systems with one year of profiling data) or average of lowest monthly average values (for systems with more than one year of profiling data) of the monthly logs of Giardia lamblia inactivation in each year of profiling data. |
| 3) | A supplier that uses either chloramines or ozone for primary disinfection must also calculate the disinfection benchmark for viruses using a method approved by the Agency. |
| 4) | The supplier must submit information in subsections (c)(4)(A) through (c)(4)(C) of this Section to the Agency as part of its consultation process. |
| A) | A description of the proposed change; |
| B) | The disinfection profile for Giardia lamblia (and, if necessary, viruses) under subsection (b) of this Section and benchmark as required by subsection (c)(2) of this Section; and |
| C) | An analysis of how the proposed change will affect the current levels of disinfection. |
| Section 611.882 | |
| Compliance Dates | |
| a) | Each existing CWS must have delivered its first report by October 19, 1999, its second report by July 1, 2000, and it must deliver subsequent reports by July 1 annually thereafter. The first report must have contained data collected during or prior to calendar year 1998, as prescribed in Section 611.883(d)(3). Each report thereafter must contain data collected during, or prior to, the previous calendar year. |
| b) | A new CWS must deliver its first report by July 1 of the year after its first full calendar year in operation and annually thereafter. |
| c) | A community water system that sells water to another community water system must deliver the applicable information required in Section 611.883 to the buyer system as follows: |
| 1) | No later than |
| 2) | On a date mutually agreed upon by the seller and the purchaser, and specifically included in a contract between the parties. |
| Section 611.883 | Content of the Reports |
| a) | Each CWS must provide to its customers an annual report that contains the information specified in this Section and Section 611.884. |
| b) | Information on the source of the water delivered. |
| 1) | Each report must identify the sources of the water delivered by the CWS by providing information on the following: |
| A) | The type of the water (e.g., surface water, groundwater); and |
| B) | The commonly used name (if any) and location of the body (or bodies) of water. |
| 2) | If a source water assessment has been completed, the report must notify consumers of the availability of this information and the means to obtain it. In addition, systems are encouraged to highlight in the report significant sources of contamination in the source water area if they have readily available information. Where a system has received a source water assessment from the Agency, the report must include a brief summary of the system’s susceptibility to potential sources of contamination, using language provided by the Agency or written by the supplier. |
| c) | Definitions. |
| 1) | Each report must include the following definitions: |
| A) | Maximum Contaminant Level Goal or MCLG: The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of safety. |
| B) | Maximum Contaminant Level or MCL: The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as close to the MCLGs as feasible using the best available treatment technology. |
| 2) | A report for a CWS operating under relief from an NPDWR issued under Sections 611.111, 611.112, 611.130, or 611.131 must include the following definition: “Variances, Adjusted Standards, and Site-specific Rules: State permission not to meet an MCL or a treatment technique under certain conditions.” |
| 3) | A report that contains data on contaminants that USEPA regulates using any of the following terms must include the applicable definitions: |
| A) | Treatment technique: A required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water. |
| B) | Action level: The concentration of a contaminant that, if exceeded, triggers treatment or other requirements that a water system must follow. |
| C) | Maximum residual disinfectant level goal or MRDLG: The level of a drinking water disinfectant below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants. |
| D) | Maximum residual disinfectant level or MRDL: The highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial contaminants. |
| d) | Information on detected contaminants. |
| 1) | This subsection (d) specifies the requirements for information to be included in each report for contaminants subject to mandatory monitoring (except Cryptosporidium). It applies to the following: |
| A) | Contaminants subject to an MCL, action level, MRDL, or treatment technique (regulated contaminants); |
| B) | Contaminants for which monitoring is required by Section 611.510 (unregulated contaminants); and |
| C) | Disinfection byproducts or microbial contaminants for which monitoring is required by Section 611.382 and Subpart L of this Part, except as provided under subsection (e)(1) of this Section, and which are detected in the finished water. |
| 2) | The data relating to these contaminants must be displayed in one table or in several adjacent tables. Any additional monitoring results that a CWS chooses to include in its report must be displayed separately. |
| 3) | The data must have been derived from data collected to comply with monitoring and analytical requirements during calendar year 1998 for the first report and must be derived from the data collected in subsequent calendar years, except that the following requirements also apply: |
| A) | Where a system is allowed to monitor for regulated contaminants less often than once a year, the tables must include the date and results of the most recent sampling, and the report must include a brief statement indicating that the data presented in the report is from the most recent testing done in accordance with the regulations. No data older than five years need be included. |
| B) | Results of monitoring in compliance with Section 611.382 and Subpart L need only be included for five years from the date of last sample or until any of the detected contaminants becomes regulated and subject to routine monitoring requirements, whichever comes first. |
| 4) | For detected regulated contaminants (listed in Appendix A of this Part), the tables must contain the following: |
| A) | The MCL for that contaminant expressed as a number equal to or greater than 1.0 (as provided in Appendix A of this Part); |
| B) | The federal Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) for that contaminant expressed in the same units as the MCL; |
| C) | If there is no MCL for a detected contaminant, the table must indicate that there is a treatment technique, or specify the action level, applicable to that contaminant, and the report must include the definitions for treatment technique or action level, as appropriate, specified in subsection (c)(3) of this Section; |
| D) | For contaminants subject to an MCL, except turbidity and total coliforms, the highest contaminant level used to determine compliance with an NPDWR, and the range of detected levels, as follows: |
| i) | When compliance with the MCL is determined annually or less frequently: the highest detected level at any sampling point and the range of detected levels expressed in the same units as the MCL. |
| ii) | When compliance with the MCL is determined by calculating a running annual average of all samples taken at a sampling point: the highest average of any of the sampling points and the range of all sampling points expressed in the same units as the MCL. |
| iii) | When compliance with the MCL is determined on a system-wide basis by calculating a running annual average of all samples at all sampling points: the average and range of detection expressed in the same units as the MCL; |
| E) | For turbidity the following: |
| i) | When it is reported pursuant to Section 611.560: the highest average monthly value. |
| ii) | When it is reported pursuant to the requirements of Section 611.211(b): the highest monthly value. The report must include an explanation of the reasons for measuring turbidity. |
| iii) | When it is reported pursuant to Section 611.250, 611.743, or 611.955(b): the highest single measurement and the lowest monthly percentage of samples meeting the turbidity limits specified in Section 611.250, 611.743, or 611.955(b) for the filtration technology being used. The report must include an explanation of the reasons for measuring turbidity; |
| F) | For lead and copper the following: the 90th percentile value of the most recent round of sampling and the number of sampling sites exceeding the action level; |
| G) | For total coliform the following: |
| i) | The highest monthly number of positive samples for systems collecting fewer than 40 samples per month; or |
| ii) | The highest monthly percentage of positive samples for systems collecting at least 40 samples per month; |
| H) | For fecal coliform the following: the total number of positive samples; and |
| I) | The likely sources of detected contaminants to the best of the supplier’s knowledge. Specific information regarding contaminants may be available in sanitary surveys and source water assessments, and must be used when available to the supplier. If the supplier lacks specific information on the likely source, the report must include one or more of the typical sources for that contaminant listed in Appendix G of this Part that are most applicable to the CWS. |
| 5) | If a CWS distributes water to its customers from multiple hydraulically independent distribution systems that are fed by different raw water sources, the table must contain a separate column for each service area and the report must identify each separate distribution system. Alternatively, a CWS may produce separate reports tailored to include data for each service area. |
| 6) | The tables must clearly identify any data indicating violations of MCLs, MRDLs, or treatment techniques, and the report must contain a clear and readily understandable explanation of the violation including the following: the length of the violation, the potential adverse health effects, and actions taken by the CWS to address the violation. To describe the potential health effects, the CWS must use the relevant language of Appendix A of this Part. |
| 7) | For detected unregulated contaminants for which monitoring is required (except Cryptosporidium), the tables must contain the average and range at which the contaminant was detected. The report may include a brief explanation of the reasons for monitoring for unregulated contaminants. |
| e) | Information on Cryptosporidium, radon, and other contaminants as follows: |
| 1) | If the CWS has performed any monitoring for Cryptosporidium, including monitoring performed to satisfy the requirements of Subpart L of this Part, that indicates that Cryptosporidium may be present in the source water or the finished water, the report must include the following: |
| A) | A summary of the results of the monitoring; and |
| B) | An explanation of the significance of the results. |
| 2) | If the CWS has performed any monitoring for radon that indicates that radon may be present in the finished water, the report must include the following: |
| A) | The results of the monitoring; and |
| B) | An explanation of the significance of the results. |
| 3) | If the CWS has performed additional monitoring that indicates the presence of other contaminants in the finished water, the report must include the following: |
| A) | The results of the monitoring; and |
| B) | An explanation of the significance of the results noting the existence of any health advisory or proposed regulation. |
| f) | Compliance with an NPDWR. In addition to the requirements of subsection (d)(6) of this Section, the report must note any violation that occurred during the year covered by the report of a requirement listed below, and include a clear and readily understandable explanation of the violation, any potential adverse health effects, and the steps the CWS has taken to correct the violation. |
| 1) | Monitoring and reporting of compliance data. |
| 2) | Filtration and disinfection prescribed by Subpart B of this Part. For CWSs that have failed to install adequate filtration or disinfection equipment or processes, or have had a failure of such equipment or processes that constitutes a violation, the report must include the following language as part of the explanation of potential adverse health effects: Inadequately treated water may contain disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches. |
| 3) | Lead and copper control requirements prescribed by Subpart G of this Part. For systems that fail to take one or more actions prescribed by |
| 4) | Treatment techniques for acrylamide and epichlorohydrin prescribed by Section 611.296. For systems that violate the requirements of Section 611.296, the report must include the relevant language from Appendix A of this Part. |
| 5) | Recordkeeping of compliance data. |
| 6) | Special monitoring requirements prescribed by Sections 611.510 and 611.630. |
| 7) | Violation of the terms of a variance, adjusted standard, site-specific rule, or administrative or judicial order. |
| g) | Variances, adjusted standards, and site-specific rules. If a system is operating under the terms of a variance, adjusted standard, or site-specific rule issued under Section 611.111, 611.112, or 611.131, the report must contain the following: |
| 1) | An explanation of the reasons for the variance, adjusted standard, or site-specific rule; |
| 2) | The date on which the variance, adjusted standard, or site-specific rule was issued; |
| 3) | A brief status report on the steps the CWS is taking to install treatment, find alternative sources of water, or otherwise comply with the terms and schedules of the variance, adjusted standard, or site-specific rule; and |
| 4) | A notice of any opportunity for public input in the review, or renewal, of the variance, adjusted standard, or site-specific rule. |
| h) | Additional information. |
| 1) | The report must contain a brief explanation regarding contaminants that may reasonably be expected to be found in drinking water, including bottled water. This explanation may include the language of subsections (h)(1)(A) through (h)(1)(C) of this Section or CWSs may use their own comparable language. The report also must include the language of subsection (h)(1)(D) of this Section. |
| A) | The sources of drinking water (both tap water and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water travels over the surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves naturally-occurring minerals and, in some cases, radioactive material, and can pick up substances resulting from the presence of animals or from human activity. |
| B) | Contaminants that may be present in source water include the following: |
| i) | Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, which may come from sewage treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural livestock operations, and wildlife; |
| ii) | Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals, which can be naturally-occurring or result from urban stormwater runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas production, mining, or farming; |
| iii) | Pesticides and herbicides, which may come from a variety of sources such as agriculture, urban stormwater runoff, and residential uses; |
| iv) | Organic chemical contaminants, including synthetic and volatile organic chemicals, which are byproducts of industrial processes and petroleum production, and can also come from gas stations, urban stormwater runoff, and septic systems; and |
| v) | Radioactive contaminants, which can be naturally-occurring or be the result of oil and gas production and mining activities. |
| C) | In order to ensure that tap water is safe to drink, USEPA prescribes regulations that limit the amount of certain contaminants in water provided by public water systems. United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) regulations establish limits for contaminants in bottled water that must provide the same protection for public health. |
| D) | Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that water poses a health risk. More information about contaminants and potential health effects can be obtained by calling the USEPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791). |
| 2) | The report must include the telephone number of the owner, operator, or designee of the CWS as a source of additional information concerning the report. |
| 3) | In communities with a large proportion of non-English speaking residents, as determined by the Agency, the report must contain information in the appropriate languages regarding the importance of the report or contain a telephone number or address where such residents may contact the system to obtain a translated copy of the report or assistance in the appropriate language. |
| 4) | The report must include information about opportunities for public participation in decisions that may affect the quality of the water. |
| 5) | The CWS may include such additional information as it deems necessary for public education consistent with, and not detracting from, the purpose of the report. |
| Section 611.884 | Required Additional Health Information |
| a) | All reports must prominently display the following language: “Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population. Immuno-compromised persons such as persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have undergone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some elderly, and infants can be particularly at risk from infections. These people should seek advice about drinking water from their health care providers. USEPA or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium and other microbial contaminants are available from the USEPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791).” |
| b) | A supplier that detects arsenic above 0.005 mg/ℓ and up to and including |
| 1) | The supplier must include in its report a short informational statement about arsenic, using the following language: “While your drinking water meets USEPA’s standard for arsenic, it does contain low levels of arsenic. USEPA’s standard balances the current understanding of arsenic’s possible health effects against the costs of removing arsenic from drinking water. USEPA continues to research the health effects of low levels of arsenic, which is a naturally-occurring mineral known to cause cancer in humans at high concentrations and is linked to other health effects such as skin damage and circulatory problems.”; or |
| 2) | The supplier may write its own educational statement, but only in consultation with the Agency. |
| c) | A supplier that detects nitrate at levels above 5 mg/ℓ, but below the MCL, must do the following: |
| 1) | The supplier must include a short informational statement about the impacts of nitrate on children, using the following language: “Nitrate in drinking water at levels above 10 ppm is a health risk for infants of less than six months of age. High nitrate levels in drinking water can cause blue baby syndrome. Nitrate levels may rise quickly for short periods of time because of rainfall or agricultural activity. If you are caring for an infant you should ask advice from your health care provider”; or |
| 2) | The CWS supplier may write its own educational statement, but only in consultation with the Agency. |
| d) | A CWS supplier that detects lead above the action level in more than five percent, and up to and including ten percent, of homes sampled must do the following: |
| 1) | The CWS supplier must include a short informational statement about the special impact of lead on children, using the following language: “Infants and young children are typically more vulnerable to lead in drinking water than the general population. It is possible that lead levels at your home may be higher than at other homes in the community as a result of materials used in your home’s plumbing. If you are concerned about elevated lead levels in your home’s water, you may wish to have your water tested and flush your tap for 30 seconds to two minutes before using tap water. Additional information is available from the USEPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791)”; or |
| 2) | The CWS supplier may write its own educational statement, but only in consultation with the Agency. |
| e) | A CWS supplier that detects TTHM above 0.080 mg/ℓ, but below the MCL in Section 611.312, as an annual average, monitored and calculated under the provisions of former Section 611.680, must include the health effects language prescribed by Appendix A of this Part. |
| f) | Until January 22, 2006, a CWS supplier that detects arsenic above |
| Section 611.954 | Disinfection Benchmark |
| a) | Applicability. A Subpart B system supplier that is required to develop a disinfection profile under Section 611.953 must develop a disinfection benchmark if it decides to make a significant change to its disinfection practice. The supplier must consult with the Agency for approval before it can implement a significant disinfection practice change. |
| b) | Significant changes to disinfection practice. Significant changes to disinfection practice include the following: |
| 1) | Changes to the point of disinfection; |
| 2) | Changes to the disinfectants used in the treatment plant; |
| 3) | Changes to the disinfection process; or |
| 4) | Any other modification identified by the Agency. |
| c) | Considering a significant change. A supplier that is considering a significant change to its disinfection practice must calculate disinfection benchmark, as described in subsections (d) and (e) of this Section, and provide the benchmarks to the Agency. A supplier may only make a significant disinfection practice change after consulting with the Agency for approval. A supplier must submit the following information to the Agency as part of the consultation and approval process: |
| 1) | A description of the proposed change; |
| 2) | The disinfection profile for Giardia lamblia (and, if necessary, viruses) and disinfection benchmark; |
| 3) | An analysis of how the proposed change will affect the current levels of disinfection; and |
| 4) | Any additional information requested by the Agency. |
| d) | Calculation of a disinfection benchmark. A supplier that is making a significant change to its disinfection practice must calculate a disinfection benchmark using the following procedure: |
| 1) | Step 1: Using the data that the supplier collected to develop the disinfection profile, determine the average Giardia lamblia inactivation for each calendar month by dividing the sum of all Giardia lamblia inactivations for that month by the number of values calculated for that month; and |
| 2) | Step 2: Determine the lowest monthly average value out of the 12 values. This value becomes the disinfection benchmark. |
| e) | If a supplier uses chloramines, ozone or chlorine dioxide for primary disinfection the supplier must calculate the disinfection benchmark from the data that the supplier collected for viruses to develop the disinfection profile in subsection (d) of this Section. This viral benchmark must be calculated in the same manner used to calculate the Giardia lamblia disinfection benchmark in subsection (d) of this Section. |
| Section 611.957 | Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements |
| a) | Reporting. This Subpart X requires a supplier to report several items to the Agency. Subsections (a)(1) through (a)(4) of this Section describe the items that must be reported and the frequency of reporting. (The supplier is required to report the information described in subsections (a)(1) through (a)(4) of this Section, if it is subject to the specific requirement indicated.) |
| 1) | If a supplier is subject to the combined filter effluent requirements (Section 611.955), it must report as follows: |
| A) | The total number of filtered water turbidity measurements taken during the month, by the 10th of the following month. |
| B) | The number and percentage of filtered water turbidity measurements taken during the month that are less than or equal to the supplier’s required 95th percentile limit, by the 10th of the following month. |
| C) | The date and value of any turbidity measurements taken during the month that exceed the maximum turbidity value for the supplier’s filtration system, by the 10th of the following month. |
| 2) | If the supplier is subject to the individual filter turbidity requirements (Section 611.956), it must report as follows: |
| A) | The fact that the supplier’s system conducted individual filter turbidity monitoring during the month, by the 10th of the following month. |
| B) | The filter numbers, corresponding dates, and the turbidity values that exceeded 1.0 NTU during the month, by the 10th of the following month, but only if two consecutive measurements exceeded 1.0 NTU. |
| C) | If a self-assessment is required, the date that it was triggered and the date that it was completed, by the 10th of the following month (or 14 days after the self-assessment was triggered only if the self-assessment was triggered during the last four days of the month). |
| D) | If a CPE is required, the fact that the CPE is required and the date that it was triggered, by the 10th of the following month. |
| E) | A copy of completed CPE report, within 120 days after the CPE was triggered. |
| 3) | If the supplier is subject to the disinfection profiling (Section 611.953), it must report results of optional monitoring that show TTHM levels 0.064 mg/ℓ and HAA5 levels 0.048 mg/ℓ (only if the supplier wishes to forgo profiling) or that the supplier has begun disinfection profiling |
| 4) | If the supplier is subject to the disinfection benchmarking (Section 611.954), it must report a description of the proposed change in disinfection, its system’s disinfection profile for Giardia lamblia (and, if necessary, viruses) and disinfection benchmark, and an analysis of how the proposed change will affect the current levels of disinfection, anytime the supplier is considering a significant change to its disinfection practice. |
| b) | Recordkeeping. A supplier must keep several types of records based on the requirements of this Subpart X, in addition to recordkeeping requirements under Sections 611.261 and 611.262. Subsections (b)(1) through (b)(3) describe the necessary records, the length of time these records must be kept, and for which requirement the records pertain. (The supplier is required to maintain records described in subsections (b)(1) through (b)(3) of this Section, if it is subject to the specific requirement indicated.) |
| 1) | If the supplier is subject to the individual filter turbidity requirements (Section 611.956), it must retain the results of individual filter monitoring as necessary records for at least three years. |
| 2) | If the supplier is subject to disinfection profiling (Section 611.953), it must retain the results of its disinfection profile (including raw data and analysis) as necessary records indefinitely. |
| 3) | If the supplier is subject to disinfection benchmarking (Section 611.954), it must retain its disinfection benchmark (including raw data and analysis) as necessary records indefinitely. |
| Section 611.Appendix A | |
| Regulated Contaminants | |
| Contaminant (units): Total Coliform Bacteria | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: MCL: (a supplier that collects 40 or more samples/month) five percent or fewer of monthly samples are positive; (systems that collect fewer than 40 samples/month) one or fewer positive monthly samples. | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: -- | |
| MCL in CCR units: MCL: (a supplier that collects 40 or more samples/month) five percent or fewer of monthly samples are positive; (a supplier that collects fewer than 40 samples/month) one or fewer positive monthly | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Naturally present in the environment. | |
| Health effects language: Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the environment and are used as an indicator that other, potentially-harmful, bacteria may be present. Coliforms were found in more samples than allowed and this was a warning of potential problems. | |
| Contaminant (units): Fecal coliform and E. coli | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: -- | |
| MCL in CCR units: 0 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Human and animal fecal waste. | |
| Health effects language: Fecal coliforms and E. coli are bacteria whose presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes. Microbes in these wastes can cause short-term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a special health risk for infants, young children, some of the elderly, and people with severely-compromised immune systems. | |
| Contaminant (units): Total organic carbon (ppm) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: TT | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: -- | |
| MCL in CCR units: TT | |
| MCLG: N/A | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Naturally present in the environment. | |
| Health effects language: Total organic carbon (TOC) has no health effects. However, total organic carbon provides a medium for the formation of disinfection byproducts. These byproducts include trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). Drinking water containing these byproducts in excess of the MCL may lead to adverse health effects, liver or kidney problems, or nervous system effects, and may lead to an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Turbidity (NTU) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: TT | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: -- | |
| MCL in CCR units: TT | |
| MCLG: N/A | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Soil runoff. | |
| Health effects language: Turbidity has no health effects. However, turbidity can interfere with disinfection and provide a medium for microbial growth. Turbidity may indicate the presence of disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches. | |
| Contaminant (units): Beta/photon emitters (mrem/yr) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 4 mrem/yr | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: -- | |
| MCL in CCR units: 4 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Decay of natural and man-made deposits. | |
| Health effects language: Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit forms of radiation known as photons and beta radiation. Some people who drink water containing beta particle and photon radioactivity in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Alpha emitters (pCi/ℓ) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 15 pCi/ℓ | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: -- | |
| MCL in CCR units: 15 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Erosion of natural deposits. | |
| Health effects language: Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit a form of radiation known as alpha radiation. Some people who drink water containing alpha emitters in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Combined radium (pCi/ℓ) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 5 pCi/ℓ | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: -- | |
| MCL in CCR units: 5 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Erosion of natural deposits. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing radium-226 or -228 in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Uranium ( m g/ℓ) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 30 m g/ℓ | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: -- | |
| MCL in CCR units: 30 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Erosion of natural deposits. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing uranium in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer and kidney toxicity. | |
| Contaminant (units): Antimony (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.006 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 6 | |
| MCLG: 6 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from petroleum refineries; fire retardants; ceramics; electronics; solder. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing antimony well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience increases in blood cholesterol and decreases in blood sugar. | |
| Contaminant (units): Arsenic (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.05 until January 23, 2006 or | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 50 | |
| MCLG: 0 (effective January 26, 2006) | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Erosion of natural deposits; runoff from orchards; runoff from glass and electronics production wastes. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing arsenic in excess of the MCL over many years could experience skin damage or problems with their circulatory system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Asbestos (MFL) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 7 MFL | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: -- | |
| MCL in CCR units: 7 | |
| MCLG: 7 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Decay of asbestos cement water mains; erosion of natural deposits. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing asbestos in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of developing benign intestinal polyps. | |
| Contaminant (units): Barium (ppm) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 2 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: -- | |
| MCL in CCR units: 2 | |
| MCLG: 2 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge of drilling wastes; discharge from metal refineries; erosion of natural deposits. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing barium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience an increase in their blood pressure. | |
| Contaminant (units): Beryllium (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.004 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 4 | |
| MCLG: 4 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from metal refineries and coal-burning factories; discharge from electrical, aerospace, and defense industries. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing beryllium well in excess of the MCL over many years could develop intestinal lesions. | |
| Contaminant (units): Bromate (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.010 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 10 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: By-product of drinking water disinfection. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing bromate in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Cadmium (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.005 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 5 | |
| MCLG: 5 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Corrosion of galvanized pipes; erosion of natural deposits; discharge from metal refineries; runoff from waste batteries and paints. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing cadmium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage. | |
| Contaminant (units): Chloramines (ppm) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: MRDL=4 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: -- | |
| MCL in CCR units: MRDL=4 | |
| MCLG: MRDLG=4 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Water additive used to control microbes. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing chloramines well in excess of the MRDL could experience irritating effects to their eyes and nose. Some people who drink water containing chloramines well in excess of the MRDL could experience stomach discomfort or anemia. | |
| Contaminant (units): Chlorine (ppm) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: MRDL=4 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: -- | |
| MCL in CCR units: MRDL=4 | |
| MCLG: MRDLG=4 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Water additive used to control microbes. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing chlorine well in excess of the MRDL could experience irritating effects to their eyes and nose. Some people who drink water containing chlorine well in excess of the MRDL could experience stomach discomfort. | |
| Contaminant (units): Chlorine dioxide (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: MRDL=800 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: MRDL=800 | |
| MCLG: MRDLG=800 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Water additive used to control microbes. | |
| Health effects language: Some infants and young children who drink water containing chlorine dioxide well in excess of the MRDL could experience nervous system effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL. Some people may experience anemia. | |
| Contaminant (units): Chlorite (ppm) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: MRDL=1 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: -- | |
| MCL in CCR units: MRDL=1 | |
| MCLG: MRDLG=0.8 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: By-product of drinking water disinfection. | |
| Health effects language: Some infants and young children who drink water containing chlorite well in excess of the MCL could experience nervous system effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water containing chlorite in excess of the MCL. Some people may experience anemia. | |
| Contaminant (units): Chromium (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.1 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 100 | |
| MCLG: 100 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from steel and pulp mills; erosion of natural deposits. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who use water containing chromium well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience allergic dermatitis. | |
| Contaminant (units): Copper (ppm) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: AL=1.3 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: -- | |
| MCL in CCR units: AL=1.3 | |
| MCLG: 1.3 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits. | |
| Health effects language: Copper is an essential nutrient, but some people who drink water containing copper in excess of the action level over a relatively short amount of time could experience gastrointestinal distress. Some people who drink water containing copper in excess of the action level over many years could suffer liver or kidney damage. People with Wilson’s Disease should consult their personal doctor. | |
| Contaminant (units): Cyanide (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.2 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 200 | |
| MCLG: 200 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from steel/metal factories; discharge from plastic and fertilizer factories. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing cyanide well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience nerve damage or problems with their thyroid. | |
| Contaminant (units): Fluoride (ppm) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 4 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: -- | |
| MCL in CCR units: 4 | |
| MCLG: 4 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Erosion of natural deposits; water additive that promotes strong teeth; discharge from fertilizer and aluminum factories. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing fluoride in excess of the MCL over many years could get bone disease, including pain and tenderness of the bones. Fluoride in drinking water at half the MCL or more may cause mottling of children’s teeth, usually in children less than nine years old. Mottling, also known as dental fluorosis, may include brown staining or pitting of the teeth, and occurs only in developing teeth before they erupt from the gums. | |
| Contaminant (units): Lead (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: AL=0.015 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: AL=15 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits. | |
| Health effects language: Infants and children who drink water containing lead in excess of the action level could experience delays in their physical or mental development. Children could show slight deficits in attention span and learning abilities. Adults who drink this water over many years could develop kidney problems or high blood pressure. | |
| Contaminant (units): Mercury (inorganic) (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.002 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 2 | |
| MCLG: 2 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Erosion of natural deposits; discharge from refineries and factories; runoff from landfills; runoff from cropland. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing inorganic mercury well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage. | |
| Contaminant (units): Nitrate (ppm) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 10 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: -- | |
| MCL in CCR units: 10 | |
| MCLG: 10 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks, sewage; erosion of natural deposits. | |
| Health effects language: Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrate in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome. | |
| Contaminant (units): Nitrite (ppm) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 1 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: -- | |
| MCL in CCR units: 1 | |
| MCLG: 1 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks, sewage; erosion of natural deposits. | |
| Health effects language: Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrite in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome. | |
| Contaminant (units): Selenium (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.05 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 50 | |
| MCLG: 50 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from petroleum and metal refineries; erosion of natural deposits; discharge from mines. | |
| Health effects language: Selenium is an essential nutrient. However, some people who drink water containing selenium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience hair or fingernail losses, numbness in fingers or toes, or problems with their circulation. | |
| Contaminant (units): Thallium (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.002 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 2 | |
| MCLG: 0.5 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Leaching from ore-processing sites; discharge from electronics, glass, and drug factories. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing thallium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience hair loss, changes in their blood, or problems with their kidneys, intestines, or liver. | |
| Contaminant (units): 2,4-D (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.07 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 70 | |
| MCLG: 70 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide used on row crops. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing the weed killer 2,4-D well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys, liver, or adrenal glands. | |
| Contaminant (units): 2,4,5-TP (silvex) (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.05 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 50 | |
| MCLG: 50 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Residue of banned herbicide. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing silvex in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver problems. | |
| Contaminant (units): Acrylamide | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: TT | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: -- | |
| MCL in CCR units: TT | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Added to water during sewage/wastewater treatment. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing high levels of acrylamide over a long period of time could have problems with their nervous system or blood, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Alachlor (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.002 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 2 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide used on row crops. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing alachlor in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their eyes, liver, kidneys, or spleen, or experience anemia, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Atrazine (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.003 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 3 | |
| MCLG: 3 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide used on row crops. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing atrazine well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their cardiovascular system or reproductive difficulties. | |
| Contaminant (units): Benzo(a)pyrene (PAH) (nanograms/ℓ) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.0002 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 200 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Leaching from linings of water storage tanks and distribution lines. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing benzo(a)pyrene in excess of the MCL over many years may experience reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Carbofuran (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.04 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 40 | |
| MCLG: 40 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Leaching of soil fumigant used on rice and alfalfa. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing carbofuran in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their blood, or nervous or reproductive systems. | |
| Contaminant (units): Chlordane (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.002 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 2 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Residue of banned termiticide. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing chlordane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or nervous system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Dalapon (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.2 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 200 | |
| MCLG: 200 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide used on rights of way. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing dalapon well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience minor kidney changes. | |
| Contaminant (units): Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.4 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 400 | |
| MCLG: 400 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from chemical factories. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience toxic effects, such as weight loss, liver enlargement, or possible reproductive difficulties. | |
| Contaminant (units): Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.006 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 6 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from rubber and chemical factories. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate well in excess of the MCL over many years may have problems with their liver or experience reproductive difficulties, and they may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) (ppt) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.0002 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 200 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Runoff/leaching from soil fumigant used on soybeans, cotton, pineapples, and orchards. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing DBCP in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive problems and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Dinoseb (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.007 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 7 | |
| MCLG: 7 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide used on soybeans and vegetables. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing dinoseb well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties. | |
| Contaminant (units): Diquat (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.02 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 20 | |
| MCLG: 20 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide use. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing diquat in excess of the MCL over many years could get cataracts. | |
| Contaminant (units): Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) (ppq) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.00000003 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000,000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 30 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Emissions from waste incineration and other combustion; discharge from chemical factories. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing dioxin in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Endothall (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.1 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 100 | |
| MCLG: 100 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide use. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing endothall in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their stomach or intestines. | |
| Contaminant (units): Endrin (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.002 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 2 | |
| MCLG: 2 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Residue of banned insecticide. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing endrin in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver problems. | |
| Contaminant (units): Epichlorohydrin | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: TT | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: -- | |
| MCL in CCR units: TT | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories; an impurity of some water treatment chemicals. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing high levels of epichlorohydrin over a long period of time could experience stomach problems, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Ethylene dibromide (ppt) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.00005 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 50 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from petroleum refineries. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing ethylene dibromide in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, stomach, reproductive system, or kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Glyphosate (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.7 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 700 | |
| MCLG: 700 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from herbicide use. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing glyphosate in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or reproductive difficulties. | |
| Contaminant (units): Heptachlor (ppt) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.0004 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 400 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Residue of banned pesticide. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing heptachlor in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Heptachlor epoxide (ppt) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.0002 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 200 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Breakdown of heptachlor. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing heptachlor epoxide in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Hexachlorobenzene (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.001 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 1 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from metal refineries and agricultural chemical factories. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing hexachlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys, or adverse reproductive effects, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.05 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 50 | |
| MCLG: 50 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from chemical factories. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing hexachlorocyclopentadiene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or stomach. | |
| Contaminant (units): Lindane (ppt) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.0002 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 200 | |
| MCLG: 200 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cattle, lumber, gardens. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing lindane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or liver. | |
| Contaminant (units): Methoxychlor (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.04 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 40 | |
| MCLG: 40 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on fruits, vegetables, alfalfa, livestock. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing methoxychlor in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties. | |
| Contaminant (units): Oxamyl (vydate) (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.2 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 200 | |
| MCLG: 200 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on apples, potatoes and tomatoes. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing oxamyl in excess of the MCL over many years could experience slight nervous system effects. | |
| Contaminant (units): PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) (ppt) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.0005 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1,000,000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 500 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Runoff from landfills; discharge of waste chemicals. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing PCBs in excess of the MCL over many years could experience changes in their skin, problems with their thymus gland, immune deficiencies, or reproductive or nervous system difficulties, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Pentachlorophenol (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.001 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 1 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from wood preserving factories. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing pentachlorophenol in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Picloram (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.5 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 500 | |
| MCLG: 500 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Herbicide runoff. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing picloram in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver. | |
| Contaminant (units): Simazine (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.004 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 4 | |
| MCLG: 4 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Herbicide runoff. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing simazine in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their blood. | |
| Contaminant (units): Toxaphene (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.003 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 3 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cotton and cattle. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing toxaphene in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their kidneys, liver, or thyroid, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Benzene (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.005 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 5 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from factories; leaching from gas storage tanks and landfills. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing benzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia or a decrease in blood platelets, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Carbon tetrachloride (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.005 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 5 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from chemical plants and other industrial activities. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing carbon tetrachloride in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Chlorobenzene (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.1 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 100 | |
| MCLG: 100 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from chemical and agricultural chemical factories. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing chlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys. | |
| Contaminant (units): o-Dichlorobenzene (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.6 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 600 | |
| MCLG: 600 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing o-dichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory systems. | |
| Contaminant (units): p-Dichlorobenzene (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.075 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 75 | |
| MCLG: 75 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing p-dichlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia; damage to their liver, kidneys, or spleen; or changes in their blood. | |
| Contaminant (units): 1,2-Dichloroethane (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.005 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 5 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): 1,1-Dichloroethylene (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.007 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 7 | |
| MCLG: 7 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing 1,1-dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver. | |
| Contaminant (units): cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.07 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 70 | |
| MCLG: 70 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing cis-1,2-dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver. | |
| Contaminant (units): trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.1 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 100 | |
| MCLG: 100 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing trans-1,2-dichloroethylene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver. | |
| Contaminant (units): Dichloromethane (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.005 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 5 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from pharmaceutical and chemical factories. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing dichloromethane in excess of the MCL over many years could have liver problems and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): 1,2-Dichloropropane (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.005 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 5 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloropropane in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Ethylbenzene (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.7 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 700 | |
| MCLG: 700 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from petroleum refineries. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing ethylbenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys. | |
| Contaminant (units): Haloacetic acids (HAA5) (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.060 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 60 | |
| MCLG: N/A | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Byproduct of drinking water disinfection. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing haloacetic acids in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Styrene (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.1 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 100 | |
| MCLG: 100 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from rubber and plastic factories; leaching from landfills. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing styrene well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory system. | |
| Contaminant (units): Tetrachloroethylene (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.005 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 5 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from factories and dry cleaners. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing tetrachloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.07 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 70 | |
| MCLG: 70 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from textile-finishing factories. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience changes in their adrenal glands. | |
| Contaminant (units): 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.2 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 200 | |
| MCLG: 200 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other factories. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing 1,1,1-trichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, nervous system, or circulatory system. | |
| Contaminant (units): 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.005 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 5 | |
| MCLG: 3 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from industrial chemical factories. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing 1,1,2-trichloroethane well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or immune systems. | |
| Contaminant (units): Trichloroethylene (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.005 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 5 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other factories. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing trichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): TTHMs (total trihalomethanes) (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.10/0.080 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 100/80 | |
| MCLG: N/A | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Byproduct of drinking water disinfection. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing trihalomethanes in excess of the MCL over many years may experience problems with their liver, kidneys, or central nervous system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Toluene (ppm) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 1 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: -- | |
| MCL in CCR units: 1 | |
| MCLG: 1 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from petroleum factories. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing toluene well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their nervous system, kidneys, or liver. | |
| Contaminant (units): Vinyl Chloride (ppb) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 0.002 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: 1000 | |
| MCL in CCR units: 2 | |
| MCLG: 0 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Leaching from PVC piping; discharge from plastics factories. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing vinyl chloride in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. | |
| Contaminant (units): Xylenes (ppm) | |
| Traditional MCL in mg/ℓ: 10 | |
| To convert for CCR, multiply by: -- | |
| MCL in CCR units: 10 | |
| MCLG: 10 | |
| Major sources in drinking water: Discharge from petroleum factories; discharge from chemical factories. | |
| Health effects language: Some people who drink water containing xylenes in excess of the MCL over many years could experience damage to their nervous system. | |
| Abbreviation | Meaning |
| AL | action level |
| MCL | maximum contaminant level |
| MCLG | maximum contaminant level goal |
| MFL | million fibers per liter |
| MRDL | maximum residual disinfectant level |
| MRDLG | maximum residual disinfectant level goal |
| mrem/year | millirems per year (a measure of radiation absorbed by the body) |
| N/A | not applicable |
| NTU | nephelometric turbidity units(a measure of water clarity) |
| pCi/ℓ | picocuries per liter (a measure of radioactivity) |
| ppm | parts per million, or milligrams per liter (mg/ℓ) |
| ppb | parts per billion, or micrograms per liter ( m g/ℓ) |
| ppt | parts per trillion, or nanograms per liter |
| ppq | parts per quadrillion, or picograms per liter |
| TT | treatment technique |
| Section 611.Appendix G | |
| NPDWR Violations and Situations Requiring Public Notice | |
| MCL/MRDL/TT violations2 | Monitoring & testing procedure violations |
| Contaminant | Tier of public notice required | Citation | Tier of public notice required | Citation |
| 1. Total coliform | 2 | 611.325(a) | 3 | 611.521-611.525 |
| 2. Fecal coliform/E. coli | 1 | 611.325(b) | 4 1, 3 | 611.525 |
| 3. Turbidity MCL | 2 | 611.320(a) | 3 | 611.560 |
| 4. Turbidity MCL (average of two days’ samples greater than 5 NTU) | 5 2, 1 | 611.320(b) | 3 | 611.560 |
| 5. Turbidity (for TT violations resulting from a single exceedence of maximum allowable turbidity level) | 6 2, 1 | 611.231(b), 611.233(b)(1), 611.250(a)(2), 611.250(b)(2), 611.250(c)(2), 611.250(d), 611.743(a)(2), 611.743(b), 611.955(b)(2) | 3 | 611.531(a), 611.532(b), 611.533(a), 611.744, 611.956(a)(1)-(a)(3), 611.956(b) |
| 6. Surface Water Treatment Rule violations, other than violations resulting from single exceedence of max. allowable turbidity level (TT) | 2 | 611.211, 611.213, 611.220, 611.230-611.233, 611.240-611.242, 611.250 | 3 | 611.531-611.533 |
| 7. Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule violations, other than violations resulting from single exceedence of max. turbidity level (TT) | 2 | 7 611.740-611.743, 611.950-611.955 | 3 | 611.742, 611.744, 611.953, 611.954, 611.956 |
| 8. Filter Backwash Recycling Rule violations | 2 | 611.276 | 3 | 611.276 |
| 9. Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule violations | 2 | 611.950-611.955 | 3 | 611.953, 611.954, 611.956 |
| 1. Antimony | 2 | 611.301(b) | 3 | 611.600, 611.601, 611.603 |
| 2. Arsenic | 2 | 10 611.301(b) | 3 | 9 611.601, 611.612(a), 611.612(b) |
| 3. Asbestos (fibers greater than 10 µm) | 2 | 611.301(b) | 3 | 611.600, 611.601, 611.602 |
| 4. Barium | 2 | 611.301(b) | 3 | 611.600, 611.601, 611.603 |
| 5. Beryllium | 2 | 611.301(b) | 3 | 611.600, 611.601, 611.603 |
| 6. Cadmium | 2 | 611.301(b) | 3 | 611.600, 611.601, 611.603 |
| 7. Chromium (total) | 2 | 611.301(b) | 3 | 611.600, 611.601, 611.603 |
| 8. Cyanide | 2 | 611.301(b) | 3 | 611.600, 611.601, 611.603 |
| 9. Fluoride | 2 | 611.301(b) | 3 | 611.600, 611.601, 611.603 |
| 10. Mercury (inorganic) | 2 | 611.301(b) | 3 | 611.600, 611.601, 611.603 |
| 11. Nitrate | 1 | 611.301(b) | 10 1, 3 | 611.600, 611.601, 611.604, 611.606 |
| 12. Nitrite | 1 | 611.301(b) | 10 1, 3 | 611.600, 611.601, 611.605, 611.606 |
| 13. Total Nitrate and Nitrite | 1 | 611.301(b) | 3 | 611.600, 611.601 |
| 14. Selenium | 2 | 611.301(b) | 3 | 611.600, 611.601, 611.603 |
| 15. Thallium | 2 | 611.301(b) | 3 | 611.600, 611.601, 611.603 |
| 1. Lead and Copper Rule (TT) | 2 | 611.350-611.355 | 3 | 611.356-611.359 |
| 1. 2,4-D | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 2. 2,4,5-TP (silvex) | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 3. Alachlor | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 4. Atrazine | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 5. Benzo(a)pyrene (PAHs) | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 6. Carbofuran | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 7. Chlordane | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 8. Dalapon | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 9. Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 10. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 11. Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 12. Dinoseb | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 13. Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 14. Diquat | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 15. Endothall | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 16. Endrin | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 17. Ethylene dibromide | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 18. Glyphosate | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 19. Heptachlor | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 20. Heptachlor epoxide | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 21. Hexachlorobenzene | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 22. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 23. Lindane | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 24. Methoxychlor | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 25. Oxamyl (Vydate) | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 26. Pentachlorophenol | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 27. Picloram | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 28. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 29. Simazine | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 30. Toxaphene | 2 | 611.310(c) | 3 | 611.648 |
| 1. Benzene | 2 | 611.310(a) | 3 | 611.646 |
| 2. Carbon tetrachloride | 2 | 611.310(a) | 3 | 611.646 |
| 3. Chlorobenzene (monochlorobenzene) | 2 | 611.310(a) | 3 | 611.646 |
| 4. o-Dichlorobenzene | 2 | 611.310(a) | 3 | 611.646 |
| 5. p-Dichlorobenzene | 2 | 611.310(a) | 3 | 611.646 |
| 6. 1,2-Dichloroethane | 2 | 611.310(a) | 3 | 611.646 |
| 7. 1,1-Dichloroethylene | 2 | 611.310(a) | 3 | 611.646 |
| 8. cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene | 2 | 611.310(a) | 3 | 611.646 |
| 9. trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene | 2 | 611.310(a) | 3 | 611.646 |
| 10. Dichloromethane | 2 | 611.310(a) | 3 | 611.646 |
| 11. 1,2-Dichloropropane | 2 | 611.310(a) | 3 | 611.646 |
| 12. Ethylbenzene | 2 | 611.310(a) | 3 | 611.646 |
| 13. Styrene | 2 | 611.310(a) | 3 | 611.646 |
| 14. Tetrachloroethylene | 2 | 611.310(a) | 3 | 611.646 |
| 15. Toluene | 2 | 611.310(a) | 3 | 611.646 |
| 16. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene | 2 | 611.310(a) | 3 | 611.646 |
| 17. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane | 2 | 611.310(a) | 3 | 611.646 |
| 18. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane | 2 | 611.310(a) | 3 | 611.646 |
| 19. Trichloroethylene | 2 | 611.310(a) | 3 | 611.646 |
| 20. Vinyl chloride | 2 | 611.310(a) | 3 | 611.646 |
| 21. Xylenes (total) | 2 | 611.310(a) | 3 | 611.646 |
| 1. Beta/photon emitters | 2 | 611.330(d) | 3 | 611.720(a), 611.732 |
| 2. Alpha emitters | 2 | 611.330(c) | 3 | 611.720(a), 611.731 |
| 3. Combined radium (226 & 228) | 2 | 611.330(b) | 3 | 611.720(a), 611.731 |
| 4. Uranium | 611.330(e) | 611.720(a), 611.731 |
| 1. Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) | 2 | 3 | ||
| 2. Haloacetic Acids (HAA5) | 2 | 611.312(a) | 3 | 611.382(a)-(b) |
| 3. Bromate | 2 | 611.312(a) | 3 | 611.382(a)-(b) |
| 4. Chlorite | 2 | 611.312(a) | 3 | 611.382(a)-(b) |
| 5. Chlorine (MRDL) | 2 | 611.313(a) | 3 | 611.382(a), (c) |
| 6. Chloramine (MRDL) | 2 | 611.313(a) | 3 | 611.382(a), (c) |
| 7. Chlorine dioxide (MRDL), where any two consecutive daily samples at entrance to distribution system only are above MRDL | 2 | 611.313(a), 611.383(c)(3) | 2 15, 3 | 611.382(a), (c), 611.383(c)(2) |
| 8. Chlorine dioxide (MRDL), where samples in distribution system the next day are also above MRDL | 16 1 | 611.313(a), 611.383(c)(3) | 1 | 611.382(a), (c), 611.383(c)(2) |
| 9. Control of DBP precursors--TOC (TT) | 2 | 611.385(a)-(b) | 3 | 611.382(a), (d) |
| 10. Benchmarking and disinfection profiling | N/A | N/A | 3 | 611.742, 611.953, 611.954 |
| 11. Development of monitoring plan | N/A | N/A | 3 | 611.382(f) |
| 1. Acrylamide (TT) | 2 | 611.296 | N/A | N/A |
| 2. Epichlorohydrin (TT) | 2 | 611.296 | N/A | N/A |
| A. Unregulated contaminants | N/A | N/A | 3 | 611.510 |
| B. Nickel | N/A | N/A | 3 | 611.603, 611.611 |
| A. Operation under relief equivalent to a SDWA section 1415 variance or a section 1416 exemption | 3 | 18 1415, 1416 | N/A | N/A |
| B. Violation of conditions of relief equivalent to a SDWA section 1415 variance or a section 1416 exemption | 2 | 1415, 1416, 19 611.111, 611.112 | N/A | N/A |
| A. Fluoride secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL) exceedence | 3 | 611.858 | N/A | N/A |
| B. Exceedence of nitrate MCL for a non-CWS supplier, as allowed by the Agency | 1 | 611.300(d) | N/A | N/A |
| C. Availability of unregulated contaminant monitoring data | 3 | 611.510 | N/A | N/A |
| D. Waterborne disease outbreak | 1 | 611.101, 611.233(b)(2) | N/A | N/A |
| E. Other waterborne emergency20 | 1 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| F. Other situations as determined by the Agency by a SEP issued pursuant to Section 611.110 | 1, 2, 3 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Section 611.Appendix H | |
| Standard Health Effects Language for Public Notification | |
| Contaminant | MCLG1 mg/ℓ
|
MCL2 mg/ℓ
|
Standard health effects language for public notification
|
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR):
|
A. Microbiological Contaminants
|
| 1a. Total coliform | Zero
|
See footnote 3
|
Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the environment and are used as an indicator that other, potentially-harmful, bacteria may be present. Coliforms were found in more samples than allowed and this was a warning of potential problems. |
| 1b. Fecal coliform/E. coli | Zero
|
Zero
|
Fecal coliforms and E. coli are bacteria whose presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes. Microbes in these wastes can cause short-term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a special health risk for infants, young children, some of the elderly, and people with severely compromised immune systems. |
| 2a. Turbidity (MCL) 4 | None
|
1 NTU5/
5 NTU |
Turbidity has no health effects. However, turbidity can interfere with disinfection and provide a medium for microbial growth. Turbidity may indicate the presence of disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches. |
| 2b. Turbidity (SWTR TT) | None
|
TT7
|
Turbidity has no health effects. However,6 turbidity can interfere with disinfection and provide a medium for microbial growth. Turbidity may indicate the presence of disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches. |
| 2c. Turbidity (IESWTR TT and LT1ESWTR TT) | None
|
TT
|
Turbidity has no health effects. However,8 turbidity can interfere with disinfection and provide a medium for microbial growth. Turbidity may indicate the presence of disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches. |
B. Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR), Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT1ESWTR), and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule (FBRR) violations:
|
| 3. Giardia lamblia (SWTR/IESWTR/ LT1ESWTR) | Zero
|
TT10
|
Inadequately treated water may contain disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches. |
| 4. Viruses (SWTR/IESWTR/ LT1ESWTR) | Inadequately treated water may contain disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches. | ||
| 5. Heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria9 (SWTR/IESWTR/ LT1ESWTR) | Inadequately treated water may contain disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches. | ||
| 6. Legionella (SWTR/IESWTR/ LT1ESWTR) | Inadequately treated water may contain disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches. | ||
| 7. Cryptosporidium (IESWTR/FBRR/ LT1ESWTR) | Inadequately treated water may contain disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches. |
C. Inorganic Chemicals (IOCs)
|
| 8. Antimony | 0.006
|
0.006
|
Some people who drink water containing antimony well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience increases in blood cholesterol and decreases in blood sugar. |
| 9. Arsenic11 | 0
|
0.010 |
Some people who drink water containing arsenic in excess of the MCL over many years could experience skin damage or problems with their circulatory system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 10. Asbestos (10 µm) | 7 MFL12
|
7 MFL
|
Some people who drink water containing asbestos in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of developing benign intestinal polyps. |
| 11. Barium | 2
|
2
|
Some people who drink water containing barium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience an increase in their blood pressure. |
| 12. Beryllium | 0.004
|
0.004
|
Some people who drink water containing beryllium well in excess of the MCL over many years could develop intestinal lesions. |
| 13. Cadmium | 0.005
|
0.005
|
Some people who drink water containing cadmium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage. |
| 14. Chromium (total) | 0.1
|
0.1
|
Some people who use water containing chromium well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience allergic dermatitis. |
| 15. Cyanide | 0.2
|
0.2
|
Some people who drink water containing cyanide well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience nerve damage or problems with their thyroid. |
| 16. Fluoride | 4.0
|
4.0
|
Some people who drink water containing fluoride in excess of the MCL over many years could get bone disease, including pain and tenderness of the bones. Fluoride in drinking water at half the MCL or more may cause mottling of children’s teeth, usually in children less than nine years old. Mottling, also known as dental fluorosis, may include brown staining or pitting of the teeth, and occurs only in developing teeth before they erupt from the gums. |
| 17. Mercury (inorganic) | 0.002
|
0.002
|
Some people who drink water containing inorganic mercury well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage. |
| 18. Nitrate | 10
|
10
|
Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrate in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome. |
| 19. Nitrite | 1
|
1
|
Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrite in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome. |
| 20. Total Nitrate and Nitrite | 10
|
10
|
Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrate and nitrite in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome. |
| 21. Selenium | 0.05
|
0.05
|
Selenium is an essential nutrient. However, some people who drink water containing selenium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience hair or fingernail losses, numbness in fingers or toes, or problems with their circulation. |
| 22. Thallium | 0.0005
|
0.002
|
Some people who drink water containing thallium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience hair loss, changes in their blood, or problems with their kidneys, intestines, or liver. |
D. Lead and Copper Rule
|
| 23. Lead | Zero
|
TT13
|
Infants and children who drink water containing lead in excess of the action level could experience delays in their physical or mental development. Children could show slight deficits in attention span and learning abilities. Adults who drink this water over many years could develop kidney problems or high blood pressure. |
| 24. Copper | 1.3
|
TT14
|
Copper is an essential nutrient, but some people who drink water containing copper in excess of the action level over a relatively short amount of time could experience gastrointestinal distress. Some people who drink water containing copper in excess of the action level over many years could suffer liver or kidney damage. People with Wilson’s Disease should consult their personal doctor. |
E. Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs)
|
| 25. 2,4-D | 0.07
|
0.07
|
Some people who drink water containing the weed killer 2,4-D well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys, liver, or adrenal glands. |
| 26. 2,4,5-TP (silvex) | 0.05
|
0.05
|
Some people who drink water containing silvex in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver problems. |
| 27. Alachlor | Zero
|
0.002
|
Some people who drink water containing alachlor in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their eyes, liver, kidneys, or spleen, or experience anemia, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 28. Atrazine | 0.003
|
0.003
|
Some people who drink water containing atrazine well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their cardiovascular system or reproductive difficulties. |
| 29. Benzo(a)pyrene (PAHs). | Zero
|
0.0002
|
Some people who drink water containing benzo(a)pyrene in excess of the MCL over many years may experience reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 30. Carbofuran | 0.04
|
0.04
|
Some people who drink water containing carbofuran in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their blood, or nervous or reproductive systems. |
| 31. Chlordane | Zero
|
0.002
|
Some people who drink water containing chlordane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or nervous system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 32. Dalapon | 0.2
|
0.2
|
Some people who drink water containing dalapon well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience minor kidney changes. |
| 33. Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate | 0.4
|
0.4
|
Some people who drink water containing di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience toxic effects, such as weight loss, liver enlargement, or possible reproductive difficulties. |
| 34. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate | Zero
|
0.006
|
Some people who drink water containing di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate well in excess of the MCL over many years may have problems with their liver or experience reproductive difficulties, and they may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 35. Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) | Zero
|
0.0002
|
Some people who drink water containing DBCP in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 36. Dinoseb | 0.007
|
0.007
|
Some people who drink water containing dinoseb well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties. |
| 37. Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) | Zero
|
3 x 10-8
|
Some people who drink water containing dioxin in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 38. Diquat | 0.02
|
0.02
|
Some people who drink water containing diquat in excess of the MCL over many years could get cataracts. |
| 39. Endothall | 0.1
|
0.1
|
Some people who drink water containing endothall in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their stomach or intestines. |
| 40. Endrin | 0.002
|
0.002
|
Some people who drink water containing endrin in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver problems. |
| 41. Ethylene dibromide | Zero
|
0.00005
|
Some people who drink water containing ethylene dibromide in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, stomach, reproductive system, or kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 42. Glyphosate | 0.7
|
0.7
|
Some people who drink water containing glyphosate in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or reproductive difficulties. |
| 43. Heptachlor | Zero
|
0.0004
|
Some people who drink water containing heptachlor in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 44. Heptachlor epoxide | Zero
|
0.0002
|
Some people who drink water containing heptachlor epoxide in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 45. Hexachlorobenzene | Zero
|
0.001
|
Some people who drink water containing hexachlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys, or adverse reproductive effects, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 46. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene | 0.05
|
0.05
|
Some people who drink water containing hexachlorocyclopentadiene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or stomach. |
| 47. Lindane | 0.0002
|
0.0002
|
Some people who drink water containing lindane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or liver. |
| 48. Methoxychlor | 0.04
|
0.04
|
Some people who drink water containing methoxychlor in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties. |
| 49. Oxamyl (Vydate) | 0.2
|
0.2
|
Some people who drink water containing oxamyl in excess of the MCL over many years could experience slight nervous system effects. |
| 50. Pentachlorophenol | Zero
|
0.001
|
Some people who drink water containing pentachlorophenol in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 51. Picloram | 0.5
|
0.5
|
Some people who drink water containing picloram in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver. |
| 52. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) | Zero
|
0.0005
|
Some people who drink water containing PCBs in excess of the MCL over many years could experience changes in their skin, problems with their thymus gland, immune deficiencies, or reproductive or nervous system difficulties, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 53. Simazine | 0.004
|
0.004
|
Some people who drink water containing simazine in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their blood. |
| 54. Toxaphene | Zero
|
0.003
|
Some people who drink water containing toxaphene in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their kidneys, liver, or thyroid, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
F. Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs)
|
| 55. Benzene | Zero
|
0.005
|
Some people who drink water containing benzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia or a decrease in blood platelets, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 56. Carbon tetrachloride | Zero
|
0.005
|
Some people who drink water containing carbon tetrachloride in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 57. Chlorobenzene (monochlorobenzene) | 0.1
|
0.1
|
Some people who drink water containing chlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys. |
| 58. o-Dichlorobenzene | 0.6
|
0.6
|
Some people who drink water containing o-dichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory systems. |
| 59. p-Dichlorobenzene | 0.075
|
0.075
|
Some people who drink water containing p-dichlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia, damage to their liver, kidneys, or spleen, or changes in their blood. |
| 60. 1,2-Dichloroethane | Zero
|
0.005
|
Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 61. 1,1-Dichloroethylene | 0.007
|
0.007
|
Some people who drink water containing 1,1-dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver. |
| 62. cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene | 0.07
|
0.07
|
Some people who drink water containing cis-1,2-dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver. |
| 63. trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene | 0.1
|
0.1
|
Some people who drink water containing trans-1,2-dichloroethylene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver. |
| 64. Dichloromethane | Zero
|
0.005
|
Some people who drink water containing dichloromethane in excess of the MCL over many years could have liver problems and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 65. 1,2-Dichloropropane | Zero
|
0.005
|
Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloropropane in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 66. Ethylbenzene | 0.7
|
0.7
|
Some people who drink water containing ethylbenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys. |
| 67. Styrene | 0.1
|
0.1
|
Some people who drink water containing styrene well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory system. |
| 68. Tetrachloroethylene | Zero
|
0.005
|
Some people who drink water containing tetrachloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 69. Toluene | 1
|
1
|
Some people who drink water containing toluene well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their nervous system, kidneys, or liver. |
| 70. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene | 0.07
|
0.07
|
Some people who drink water containing 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience changes in their adrenal glands. |
| 71. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane | 0.2
|
0.2
|
Some people who drink water containing 1,1,1-trichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, nervous system, or circulatory system. |
| 72. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane | 0.003
|
0.005
|
Some people who drink water containing 1,1,2-trichloroethane well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or immune systems. |
| 73. Trichloroethylene | Zero
|
0.005
|
Some people who drink water containing trichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 74. Vinyl chloride | Zero
|
0.002
|
Some people who drink water containing vinyl chloride in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 75. Xylenes (total) | 10
|
10
|
Some people who drink water containing xylenes in excess of the MCL over many years could experience damage to their nervous system. |
G. Radioactive Contaminants
|
| 76. Beta/photon emitters | Zero
|
4 mrem/yr15
|
Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit forms of radiation known as photons and beta radiation. Some people who drink water containing beta and photon emitters in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 77. Alpha emitters | Zero
|
15 pCi/ℓ16
|
Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit a form of radiation known as alpha radiation. Some people who drink water containing alpha emitters in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 78. Combined radium (226 & 228) | Zero
|
5 pCi/ℓ
|
Some people who drink water containing radium 226 or 228 in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 79. Uranium |
Zero | 30 m g/ℓ | Some people who drink water containing uranium in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer and kidney toxicity. |
H. Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs), Byproduct Precursors, and Disinfectant Residuals: Where disinfection is used in the treatment of drinking water, disinfectants combine with organic and inorganic matter present in water to form chemicals called disinfection byproducts (DBPs). USEPA sets standards for controlling the levels of disinfectants and DBPs in drinking water, including trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAA5)18
|
| 80. Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) | N/A
|
0.080 |
Some people who drink water containing trihalomethanes in excess of the MCL over many years may experience problems with their liver, kidneys, or central nervous system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 81. Haloacetic Acids (HAA5) | N/A
|
0.06021
|
Some people who drink water containing haloacetic acids in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 82. Bromate | Zero
|
0.010
|
Some people who drink water containing bromate in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 83. Chlorite | 0.08
|
1.0
|
Some infants and young children who drink water containing chlorite in excess of the MCL could experience nervous system effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water containing chlorite in excess of the MCL. Some people may experience anemia. |
| 84. Chlorine | 4 (MRDLG)22
|
4.0 (MRDL)23
|
Some people who use water containing chlorine well in excess of the MRDL could experience irritating effects to their eyes and nose. Some people who drink water containing chlorine well in excess of the MRDL could experience stomach discomfort. |
| 85. Chloramines | 4 (MRDLG)
|
4.0 (MRDL)
|
Some people who use water containing chloramines well in excess of the MRDL could experience irritating effects to their eyes and nose. Some people who drink water containing chloramines well in excess of the MRDL could experience stomach discomfort or anemia. |
| 85a. Chlorine dioxide, where any two consecutive daily samples taken at the entrance to the distribution system are above the MRDL | 0.8 (MRDLG)
|
0.8 (MRDL)
|
Some infants and young children who drink water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL could experience nervous system effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL. Some people may experience anemia. |
| Add for public notification only: The chlorine dioxide violations reported today are the result of exceedences at the treatment facility only, not within the distribution system that delivers water to consumers. Continued compliance with chlorine dioxide levels within the distribution system minimizes the potential risk of these violations to consumers. | |||
| 86a. Chlorine dioxide, where one or more distribution system samples are above the MRDL | 0.8 (MRDLG)
|
0.8 (MRDL)
|
Some infants and young children who drink water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL could experience nervous system effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL. Some people may experience anemia. |
| Add for public notification only: The chlorine dioxide violations reported today include exceedences of the USEPA standard within the distribution system that delivers water to consumers. Violations of the chlorine dioxide standard within the distribution system may harm human health based on short-term exposures. Certain groups, including fetuses, infants, and young children, may be especially susceptible to nervous system effects from excessive chlorine dioxide exposure. | |||
| 87. Control of DBP precursors (TOC) | None
|
TT
|
Total organic carbon (TOC) has no health effects. However, total organic carbon provides a medium for the formation of disinfection byproducts. These byproducts include trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). Drinking water containing these byproducts in excess of the MCL may lead to adverse health effects, liver or kidney problems, or nervous system effects, and may lead to an increased risk of getting cancer. |
I. Other Treatment Techniques:
|
| 88. Acrylamide | Zero
|
TT
|
Some people who drink water containing high levels of acrylamide over a long period of time could have problems with their nervous system or blood, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 89. Epichlorohydrin | Zero
|
TT
|
Some people who drink water containing high levels of epichlorohydrin over a long period of time could experience stomach problems, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Section 611.Table Z
| Federal Effective Dates |
| Fluoride (40 CFR 141.60(b)(1)) | October 2, 1987 | |
| Phase I VOCs (40 CFR 141.60(a)(1)) | July 9, 1989 | |
| Lead and Copper (40 CFR, Subpart I) | July 7, 1991 | |
| Phase II IOCs (40 CFR 141.60(b)(2)) | July 30, 1992 | |
| Phase II VOCs (40 CFR 141.60(a)(2)) | July 30, 1992 | |
| Phase II SOCs (40 CFR 141.60(a)(2)) | July 30, 1992 | |
| Lead and Copper (40 CFR, Subpart I) | December 7, 1992 | |
| Phase IIB IOC (40 CFR 141.60(b)(2)) | January 1, 1993 | |
| Phase IIB SOCs (40 CFR 141.60(a)(2)) | January 1, 1993 | |
| Phase V IOCs (40 CFR 141.60(b)(3)) | January 17, 1994 | |
| Phase V VOCs (40 CFR 141.60(a)(3)) | January 17, 1994 | |
| Phase V SOCs (40 CFR 141.60(a)(3)) | January 17, 1994 | |
| Consumer Confidence Report Rule (40 CFR 141, Subpart Q) | September 18, 1998 | |
| Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (40 CFR 141, Subpart P) | ||
| February 16, 1999 | ||
| Public Notification Rule (40 CFR 141, Subpart Q) | June 5, 2000 | |
| Filter Backwash Rule (40 CFR 141.76) | August 7, 2001 | |
| Smaller Systems (serving 10,000 or fewer persons) | December 16, 2001 | |
| Larger Systems (serving more than 10,000 persons) | December 16, 2003 | |
| Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (40 CFR 141, Subpart T) | ||
| February 13, 2002 | ||
| Radionuclides (40 CFR 141.66) | December 8, 2003 | |
| Arsenic (40 CFR 141.62(b)(16)) | January 23, 2006 | |
| (Source: Amended at 27 Ill. Reg. 16447, effective October 10, 2003) |