| a)
|
| These rules were developed by the Agency to provide guidance to sources that choose to show compliance with Section 9(a) of the Act or Rule 102 of the Pollution Control Board Rules and Regulations, Chapter 2: Air Pollution (codified as 35 Ill. Adm. Code 201.141), by performing comprehensive air quality impact evaluations. |
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| b)
|
| These rules were formulated in response to the remand by the Illinois Supreme Court to the Pollution Control Board (Board) of the adoption of Rules 203(g)(1), 204(a)(1) and 204(c)(1)(A) (codified as 35 Ill. Adm. Code 212.201 through 212.205, 214.121(a) and 214.141), which established particulate and sulfur dioxide emission standards for new and existing fuel combustion sources. Commonwealth Edison v. Pollution Control Board, 62 Ill. 2d 494 (1976). The Court's decision, however, did not eliminate the requirement of construction or operating permits for solid fuel emission sources; it also did not eliminate the prohibition of air pollution contained in Section 9(a) and Rule 102 nor the prohibition of ambient air quality violations contained in Rule 102. |
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| c)
|
| Thus, for any period that Rules 203(g)(1), 204(a)(1) or 204(c)(1)(A) are not effective, construction and operating permit applications for solid fuel combustion sources will be evaluated on the basis of comprehensive air quality impact evaluations performed by the applicant and designed to enable the Agency to determine the status of compliance with respect to the air quality provisions of Section 9(a) and Rule 102. |
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| d)
|
| In lieu of performing comprehensive air quality impact evaluations in accordance with these rules, the applicant may elect to show compliance with the emission limitations contained in Rules 203(g)(1), 204(a)(1) and 204(c)(1)(A), even if those rules are not currently effective. Compliance with these emissions limitations will usually be deemed by the Agency to be sufficient to assure compliance with the air quality provisions of Section 9(a) of the Act and Rule 102. Of course, for any period of time in which Rules 203(g)(1), 204(a)(1) or 204(c)(1)(A) are in effect, the permit applicant must show compliance with these rules, without regard to comprehensive air quality analysis done pursuant to these rules. Compliance with these rules may only be used to support permit applications when Rules 204(g)(1), 204(a)(1) or 204(c)(1)(A) are not effective. |
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| a)
|
| These procedures are designed to serve as guidelines for applicants desiring to develop particulate and sulfur dioxide emission limitations for a subject emission source. |
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| b)
|
| The procedures consist of two phases. The first phase requires an analysis of the air quality in the vicinity of the subject source for a base year. For the base year analysis a point and area source emissions inventory, consisting of emission rates and stack parameters for all point sources and emission rates for county-wide area sources affecting the study areas, are required. Base year air quality, meteorolgical data and the necessary sub-county allocation parameters (i.e., employment, population, etc. used to allocate county-wide area source emissions to sub-county grid squares) are required to be valid for the time frame for which the emissions inventory is valid. |
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| c)
|
| The point and area source emissions inventory data, along with air quality data and meteorological data, should be input to an acceptable air quality dispersion model. This simulation model should be validated and calibrated by the applicant. Procedures for and results of this effort should be carefully documented. After calibration, the simulated air quality in the vicinity of the subject source should be compared with the ambient air quality standards as shown in the following table. If a violation is indicated with the subject source operating at the proposed emission rates, the source must reduce the emission rates so that the AAQS are not exceeded. If a violation is not indicated, the source should proceed to Phase II. |
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| 1)
|
| The facility name and address. |
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| 2)
|
| The location of all the emission sources in the subject facility and their relationship to each other. |
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| 3)
|
| The maximum hourly controlled emission rate, which is the greatest quantity of emissions that a source is expected to produce during any one-hour of operation. |
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| 4)
|
| The annual average hourly controlled emission rate, which is the total controlled emissions for a 12-month period divided by the total hours of operation for the same period. |
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| 5)
|
| Stack height, stack diameter, exit gas temperature, and exit gas velocity. |
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| 1)
|
| The system shall contain adequate instrumentation for measuring the following parameters at or near 10 meters above ground-level: wind speed, wind direction and dry bulb temperature. A determination of the wind speed, wind direction and air temperature in the mixing layer must have been made at least twice every 24-hour period by use of remote sensing techniques such as pibals, radiosondes, acoustic sounders or aircraft. |
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| 2)
|
| A record of the maintenance and service schedule must be available to allow the determination of acceptability of on-site meteorological monitoring equipment. The service and maintenance should have been performed at a frequency necessary to maintain a minimum of 90% data recovery per parameter per quarter. Maintenance should have included periodic cleaning, testing and calibration of all sensors and recorder. |
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| 3)
|
| Justification should be submitted with the operating application including that the meteorological parameters measured at the on-site monitor(s) are representative of the meteorology in the study area. Included in this justification should be a discussion of the effects of local terrain, bodies of water, heat islands and any other conditions which could substantially affect the meteorology of the area. |
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| 1)
|
| Seasonal and annual wind speed, wind direction, and atmospheric stability. The National Climatic Center (NCC) in Asheville, North Carolina has wind speed and wind direction data available as part of hourly or three-hourly weather records. Data for wind speed and wind direction are combined with atmospheric stability in a joint frequency distribution called a STAR Program. Various forms of stability wind rose data are available from NCC in tabular form, on punched cards, and on magnetic tape. The tapes include the hourly or three-hourly observations upon which the stability wind rose is based. Five-year, annual, seasonal and monthly stability wind roses are available. |
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| 2)
|
| Mixing height. Climatological summaries of mixing heights based on radiosonde observations are available in Mixing Height, Wind Speeds, and Potential for Urban Air Pollution Throughout the Contiguous United States (AP-101) by George Holzworth of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Data contained in this text are acceptable for utilization with annual dispersion modeling analyses. Mixing height data for use in determining short-term air quality levels may be computed from measured meteorological parameters using the methods outlined in the USEPA's AQMA Guideline Document 10 or the USEPA's Interim User's Guide to a Computation Technique to Estimate Maximum 24-Hour Concentrations from Single Sources. Radiosonde observation data is available for selected meteorological sites from the NCC. |
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| 3)
|
| Temperature. Hourly, three-hourly and annual mean temperature records for meteorological reporting sites are available from the NCC. |
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| 4)
|
| Hourly atmospheric stability. The atmospheric stability data may be estimated from other meteorological parameters by Turner's Method, which is explained in AQMA Guideline Document 10. The method requires: solar altitude, cloud cover, ceiling and wind speed. The solar altitude can be obtained from Table 170 entitled "Solar Altitude and Azimuth" in the Smithsonian Meteorological Tables. Cloud cover and ceiling are available as hourly or three-hourly observations from the NCC. The solar altitude, time of day, cloud cover and ceiling can be used to index the solar radiation intesity which, together with the wind speed, determines the atmospheric stability. |
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| A)
| Mixing height equal to the height of maximum plume rise for that source at the subject facility or within the study area such that the maximum ground-level concentration is achieved. |
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| B)
| Wind speed equal to 4.4 meters per second at a height of 10 meters above ground-level. |
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| C)
| Atmospheric stability equal to B (unstable). |
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| D)
| Wind direction equal to that direction which aligns the emission sources so as to maximize the ground-level concentrations. |
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| E)
| Calculate the maximum 1-hour ground-level concentration using the dispersion model. |
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| F)
| Calculate the minimum 3-hour ground-level SO(2) concentration by taking the 1-hour concentration in subsection (E) above times 0.80. |
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| G)
| Calculate the maximum 24-hour concentration by taking 1/4 of the hourly concentration calculated in subsection (E) above. |
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| A)
| Mixing height equal to 1200 meters. |
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| B)
| Stability class equal to D (neutral). |
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| C)
| Determine the wind direction which aligns the emission sources such as to maximize the ground-level concentration of the actual source configuration. |
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| D)
| Determine the critical wind speed (i.e., the wind speed which produces the maximum ground-level concentration). |
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| E)
| Calculate the maximum 1-hour ground-level oncentration using the dispersion model including background). |
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| F)
| Calculate the maximum 3-hour ground-level SO(2) concentration by taking the 1-hour concentration in subsection (E) above times 0.80. |
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| G)
| Calculation of the 24-hour ground-level concentration requires an examination of actual meteorological conditions collected in the study area. One technique for calculating the 24-hour ground-level concentration from the 1-hour concentration is explained on page 38 of the Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates. The method makes the assumption that the plume is uniformly distributed in the crosswind direction within a down-wind sector of 22.5 < and may be utilized when critical wind speed, persistent wind direction, and neutral stability occur for 16 hours or greater. The 24-hour concentration is obtained by multiplying the resulting sector concentration by t/24, where t is the number of hours within a 24-hour period during which the above meteorological conditions actually occur. |
| | |
| A)
| Assume that the mixing height is located at ground-level at the beginning of the 3-hour period for which the maximum ground-level concentration is being calculated. Allow the mixing height to rise at a rate of 4.88 meters per minute. |
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| B)
| Assume an atmospheric stability class of E (stable) above the height of the inversion and B (unstable) below the inversion. |
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| C)
| Assume a wind speed of 4.4 meters per second at a height of 10 meters above ground-level. |
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| D)
| Determine the wind direction which aligns the emission sources such as to maximize the ground-level concentration for the actual source configuration. |
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| E)
| Calculate the concentration profile downwind of the facility at 20 minute intervals. That is, calculate the height of the mixing layer at 20-minute intervals using the rate of rise given in subsection (A) above. Nine 20-minute average concentrations should be calculated to yield the 3-hour maximum ground-level concentration. |
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| F)
| If the Agency's AQSTM is used to calculate the ground-level concentration under the fumigation situation, the maximum concentration will be that concentration computed at a distance of at least x = 4.4 t(subscript m) where x is equal to downwind distance in meters, and t(subscript m) is equal to the time in seconds required to eliminate the inversion from the physical stack height to the height of the plume rise. |
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| a)
|
| Generally, the air quality impact analysis procedures use surrogate variables to project and allocate future point and area source emissions in the study area. It is assumed that the anticipated growth in emissions will be proportional to the growth in certain surrogate variables, and will, therefore, be spatially distributed in the study area according to the spatial distribution of the growth in such variables. The methodology for projecting and allocating point and area source emissions in the study area is explained in detail in Volumes 7 and 13 of the USEPA's Guidelines for Air Quality Maintenance Planning and Analysis. The applicant is strongly urged to obtain and examine these documents throughly before undertaking an air quality impact analysis. |
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| b)
|
| In undertaking an air quality impact assessment, the applicant should use growth and development projections which reflect control technology that is realistic for the projection period and type of source being considered. For example, with respect to point sources, the applicant should consider Best Available Control Technology (BACT) Regulations and Guidelines as defined by New Source Performance Standards (40 CFR 60) and as further defined by the USEPA in guidelines for Non Significant Deterioration (NSD)(40 CFR 52). Also the applicant should consider the application of Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) as defined by Federal guidelines in 40 CFR 51. |
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| c)
|
| In undertaking air quality impact analyses, area source emissions projections at a sub-county spatial level will be necessary for use in dispersion models. The projections included in these analyses must be consistent with those projections being used by the Agency in its continuing air and water quality planning activities. |
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| d)
|
| The Illinois Bureau of the Budget (IBOB) develops official state projections of population for each county in the state at 5-year increments to the year 2025. State agenices are constrained to use these figures, plus or minus 5%, for all planning activities. Variations in excess of 5% must be submitted to the IBOB with detailed supporting information before such figures will be acceptable to the Agency for inclusion in a planning analysis. |
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| e)
|
| The Agency has township population projections (which are consistent with IBOB county control totals) for the entire state to the year 2010. Applicants may use these figures in lieu of any acceptable alternative figures either derived by the applicants or obtained from cognizant local and regional planning bodies in the area. Figures other than those obtained from the Agency should be substantiated by detailed information, including a description of data base, assumptions, and the methodology used in arriving at such alternative projections. |
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| f)
|
| To obtain necessary, detailed sub-county information on housing units and structures, applicants should consult the 1970 Census reports series IIC(3) or PIIC(1). The publications include maps in which census tracts are overlaid with township boundaries. This base line data, coupled with the available township population projections, will provide sufficient information for the applicant to develop forecast-year housing unit totals. |
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| g)
|
| The IBOB prepares estimates of employment in approximately 200 key industry groups for 20 multi-county regions consitituting the State of Illinois. Estimates are reported for base year and 5-year increments up to the year 2000. The "key industry" groupings roughly correspond to aggregates of 3-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) categories. In order for an applicant to assess the air quality impact of his source and those of other major sources within the study area, information on the emissions levels of existing major sources is required in addition to a growth rate factor to be applied to such emissions for analysis of future years. Information on current emissions from existing major sources is available from the Agency. Growth factors for each of these major sources may be derived by determining the SIC code of any major facility in the study area, and assigning it the growth rate implicit in IBOB employment projections for the IBOB industry category in which this practicular SIC code is included. As with the population projections, the Agency will accept employment projections which deviate from current IBOB totals, only if such figures are accompanied by a detailed explanation of data base, assumptions, and methodology, and are concurred in by the IBOB. |
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| h)
|
| Table 3 shows the various categories of emissions and corresponding orders of analysis possible in an air quality impact study. These categories of analysis are described in detail in Volume 13 of the USEPA's Guidelines for Air Quality Maintenance Planning and Analysis. Air quality impact analyses undertaken at the specified level should use the type and detail of data described in Table 4, unless concurrence from the Agency to do otherwise is obtained by the applicant. The orders of analyses range from that requiring the least detail (Order 1) to that requiring the greatest detail (Order 3). The status of any particular county with respect to the classification scheme in Table 4 may be obtained from the Division of Air Pollution Control. |
| | |
| 1)
|
| Residential Fuel Combustion. Order 1 analyses use population by township, either obtained from the Agency or developed especially for the air quality impact study. Order 2 analyses use number of dwelling units by township (or equivalent sub-county spatial level) within the study area. When a reasonable factor of number-of-persons-per dwelling-unit is applied to the total number of dwelling units projected in the study area, the result must be consistent with IBOB population control totals. Order 3 analysis is refinement upon Order 2, such that the number of residential structures in the study area is classified according to the number of dwelling units per structure, similar to that classification outlined on page 35 of AQMA Guideline Document 13. |
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| 2)
|
| Commercial/Institutional Fuel Combustion. Order 1 anlayses are similar to that for Residential Fuel Combustion. Orders 2 and 3 use employment growth rates to project and allocate emissions in the study area, using the methodology described in Guideline Document 13 and the information sources described in the preceding text. |
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| 3)
|
| Industrial Process. All orders of analysis use employment growth rates to project and allocate emissions in the study area, according to the methodology described in Guideline Document 13 and sources of information described in the proceding text. |
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| 4)
|
| Industrial Fuel Combustion. Requirements for Orders 1, 2, and 3 of this emissions category are similar to those for industrial process emissions. |
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| 5)
|
| Solid Waste. Estimation and allocation of emissions from the incineration of solid waste parallel the requirements for Residential, Commercial/Institutional, and Industrial Process Fuel Combustion for each order of analysis (i.e., the contribution of each emission source category to solid waste disposal emissions is determined by using the same indicator variables). For instance, in an Order 1, analysis of solid waste emissions, the relative contribution of commercial establishments to total solid waste emissions would be proportional to the growth in population. Base year figures on emissions in the applicant's study area due to solid waste disposal are available from the Agency. |
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| 1)
|
| Diameter, height, exit gas temperature, and exit gas velocity for all stacks or vents through which the pollutant is emitted into the atmosphere, |
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| 2)
|
| Description of the fuels used to include type, sulfur content, ash content, heat content, and ultimate analysis, |
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| 3)
|
| Description of the type of fuel combustion equipment to include method of firing and maximum firing rate, |
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| 4)
|
| Specific description of the location of the emission sources (Universal Transverse Mercatur (UTM) coordinates or latitude/longitude) and a plot plan. |
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| b)
|
| A summary of all ambient air quality data collected since January 1, 1973, at monitors located within a 50-mile radius of the emission source and collected by the owner and/or operator of the emission source. The summary should include: annual averages; maximum and second highest short-term averages for each month; and the number of times the short-term AAQS were exceeded during each month. |
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| c)
|
| A general description of the method by which the air quality study was conducted to include the method which was used to identify the maximum ground-level concentration of pollutant contributed to by the subject facility and the location of such maximum concentration. |
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| d)
|
| A summary of all meteorological data collected by the owner or operator of the emission source since January 1, 1973, at monitors located within a 50-mile radius of the specified pollutant emission source provided that such data were used in the development of the emission limitation. |
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| e)
|
| A description of the justification for all point source data, area source data and meteorological data which were input to the dispersion models. |
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| f)
|
| An identification of and an estimate as to the frequency, characteristics, probable time of occurrence and duration of meteorological conditions associated with the maximum short-term ground-level concentration of the specified pollutant contributed to by the subject facility. A description of the techniques used in arriving at the above estimates should be included. |
| | |
| g)
|
| A detailed description and complete listing of all dispersion models and plume rise equations which were used to develop the emission limitation to include all model equations. This is not necessary if CDM and the AQSTM are exclusively utilized as received from the Agency, except that a statement that CDM and the AQSTM were used should be included. |
| | |
| h)
|
| A detailed description of the method that was used to determine total background pollutant concentrations in the vicinity of the subject facility for the annual model and for each of the meteorological conditions considered in performing the analysis is such background concentrations are different than those given in Section 291.103. |
| | |
| i)
|
| A detailed description of all dispersion model validation and calibration procedures to include the regression equations, correlation coefficients and other statistical data which indicate the reliability of the modeling results for the various situations modeled. |
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| j)
|
| A detailed description of the technique used to allocate area source emissions from the county level to the sub-county level. |
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| k)
|
| A detailed description of the technique used to project growth for the maintenance period. |
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| l)
|
| A statement of the base year used for the analysis and the reasons for selection of the base period. |
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| m)
|
| Detailed maps of the study area which include: topographic features, bodies of water, and locations of point and area sources. |
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| n)
|
| Data tables which include but are not limited to: |
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| o)
|
| The type, number and location of meteorological monitoring devices from which data was obtained for use in performing the study including a discussion of the suitability of the location of such monitors. |
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| p)
|
| The type, number and location of instruments for the continuous monitoring and recording of pollutant emissions which were used by the subject facility to determine emissions for use in the study. |
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| q)
|
| A description of the system and procedures used for acquisition and storage of ambient air quality, meteorological and emissions data. |
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| r)
|
| A description of the procedures utilized for validation of air quality, meteorological and emissions data for use in the study. |
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| s)
|
| Identification of company personnel responsible for use performance of the air quality study so as to provide a point of contact. |
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| t)
|
| An explicit statement of the emission limitation which is proposed for the source. |
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